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AYDEM YENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ A.Ş.

Annual / Quarterly Financial Statement Mar 11, 2025

5892_rns_2025-03-11_dd0b7889-6233-434b-88d5-c5190cd10249.pdf

Annual / Quarterly Financial Statement

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Consolidated Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024 and Independent Auditor's Report

(Convenience translation of a report and financial statements originally issued in Turkish)

Güney Bağımsız Denetim ve SMMM A.Ş. Maslak Mah. Eski Büyükdere Cad. Orjin Maslak İş Merkezi No: 27 Daire: 57 34485 Sarıyer İstanbul - Türkiye

Tel: +90 212 315 3000 Fax: +90 212 230 8291 ey.com Ticaret Sicil No : 479920 Mersis No: 0-4350-3032-6000017

(Convenience translation of a report and consolidated financial statements originally issued in Turkish)

INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT

To the General Assembly of Aydem Yenilenebilir Enerji Anonim Şirketi

A) Report on the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

1) Opinion

We have audited the consolidated financial statements of Aydem Yenilenebilir Enerji Anonim Şirketi (the Company) and its subsidiaries (the Group), which comprise the consolidated statement of financial position as at December 31, 2024, and the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, consolidated statement of changes in equity and consolidated statement of cash flows for the year then ended, and notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Group as at December 31, 2024, and its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with the Turkish Financial Reporting Standards (TFRS).

2) Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with standards on auditing as issued by the Capital Markets Board of Turkey and Independent Auditing Standards (InAS) which are part of the Turkish Auditing Standards as issued by the Public Oversight Accounting and Auditing Standards Authority of Turkey (POA). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the Code of Ethics for Independent Auditors (Code of Ethics) as issued by the POA, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the Code of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

3) Key Audit Matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

Key Audit Matter How our audit addressed the key audit matter
Valuation of power plants
Power plants comprises 79% of total assets of
the Group as at 31 December 2024. The Group
measures power plants using the revaluation
method as stated in Note 2.8 in the consolidated
financial statements; therefore, management
makes estimates and uses assumptions to
determine those fair values. The fair value is
measured, as explained in
Note 2.8 to the
consolidated financial statements, based on
appraisal reports by independent and external
appraisers. For the valuations, estimates are
made of the expected future cash flows taking
into account the related risks.
Detailed explanations on property, plant and
equipment are provided in Note 2.8 and Note 9.1
to the consolidated financial statements.
Since the valuation of power plants is complex
and
highly
dependent
on
estimates
and
assumptions, and also given the magnitude of
the amounts involved, we consider the valuation
of power plants as a key audit matter.
Among the other audit procedures we performed,
we assessed the qualifications, competencies and
independence
of
the
professional
appraisers
engaged by the management.
We have evaluated the appropriateness of the
information and assumptions used in the valuations.
These include the estimates by the external
appraisal
firms
(such
as
the
market
price,
production volume and discount rate). For this
assessment, we involved valuation experts from
another entity that we have engagemed with to
support our audit. We assessed whether the
valuation methods as applied by appraisers are
acceptable for the valuation of the power plants.
In addition, we have assessed the appropriateness
of the disclosures in the consolidated financial
statements
and
notes
regarding
the
above
mentioned accounting policy, estimates used and
the valuation methodology and their conformity to
TFRS.
Key Audit Matter How our audit addressed the key audit matter
Cash Flow Hedge Transaction
As stated in Note 2.9, As of 31 December 2024,
the Group used its bond amounting to USD
574.107.000 as a hedging instruments to hedge
against the exchange rate risk resulting from the
highly probable sales income earned in the
scope of Renewable Energy Sources Support
Mechanism
("YEKDEM")
and
bilateral
agreements, and implemented cash flow hedge
accounting for highly-probable YEKDEM and
bileteral
agreement
sales
as
a
result
of
efficiency tests carried out within this scope.
The criteria for the application of the hedge
accounting include defining, documenting and
regularly testing the effectiveness of the hedge
accounting transactions. Due the fact that hedge
accounting
has
complicated
structure
and
requires complex calculations, we considered
this to be one of the key audit matters.
Among the other audit procedures we performed,
we assessed the qualifications, competencies and
independence
of
the
professional
appraisers
engaged by the management.
We have evaluated the appropriateness of the
information and assumptions used in the valuations.
These include the estimates by the external
appraisal
firms
(such
as
the
market
price,
production volume and discount rate). For this
assessment, we involved valuation experts of a firm
which is in our audit network to support our audit.
We assessed whether the valuation methods as
applied by appraisers are acceptable for the
valuation of the power plants.
In addition, we have assessed the appropriateness
of the disclosures in the consolidated financial
statements
and
notes
regarding
the
above
mentioned accounting policy, estimates used and
the valuation methodology and their conformity to
TFRS.
Key Audit Matter How our audit addressed the key audit matter
Application
of
the
hyperinflationary
accounting
As stated in Note 2.2 to the consolidated
financial statements, the Group has started to
apply
"TAS
29
Financial
Reporting
in
Hyperinflation Economies" since the functional
currency of the Group (Turkish Lira) is the
currency of a hyperinflationary economy as per
TAS 29 as of December 31, 2023.
In accordance
with TAS
29, consolidated
financial statements and corresponding figures
for previous periods have been restated for the
changes in the general purchasing power of
Turkish Lira and, as a result, are expressed in
terms of purchasing power of Turkish Lira as of
the reporting date.
In accordance with the guidance in TAS 29, the
Group utilised the Turkey consumer price
indices to prepare inflation adjusted financial
statements. The principles applied for inflation
adjustment is explained in Note 2.1.
Given the significance of the impact of TAS 29
on the reported result and financial position of
the Group, we have assessed the hyperinflation
accounting as a key audit matter.
Our audit procedures included the following;

We inquired management responsible
for financial reporting on the principles,
which they have considered during the
application of TAS 29, identification of non
monetary accounts and tested TAS 29
models designed,

We have tested the inputs and indices
used,
to
ensure
completeness
and
accuracy of the calculations,

We have audited the restatements of
corresponding figures as required by TAS
29,

We
assessed
the
adequacy
of
the
disclosures in inflation adjusted financial
statements for compliance with TAS 29.

4) Responsibilities of Management and Those Charged with Governance for the Consolidated Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements in accordance with TFRS, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Group's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless management either intends to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.

Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Group's financial reporting process.

(Convenience translation of a report and consolidated financial statements originally issued in Turkish)

5) Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

In an independent audit, our responsibilities as the auditors are:

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with standards on auditing as issued by the Capital Markets Board of Turkey and InAS will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with standards on auditing as issued by the Capital Markets Board of Turkey and InAS, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

  • Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
  • Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group's internal control.
  • Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management.
  • Conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern.
  • Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
  • Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.

(Convenience translation of a report and consolidated financial statements originally issued in Turkish)

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.

B) Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements

  • 1) Auditors' report on Risk Management System and Committee prepared in accordance with paragraph 4 of Article 398 of Turkish Commercial Code ("TCC") 6102 is submitted to the Board of Directors of the Company on 11 March 2025.
  • 2) In accordance with paragraph 4 of Article 402 of the TCC, no significant matter has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the Company's bookkeeping activities for the period 1 January - 31 December 2024 and financial statements are not in compliance with laws and provisions of the Company's articles of association in relation to financial reporting.
  • 3) In accordance with paragraph 4 of Article 402 of the TCC, the Board of Directors submitted to us the necessary explanations and provided required documents within the context of audit.

The name of the engagement partner who supervised and concluded this audit is Onur Ünal.

11 March 2025 İstanbul, Türkiye

Contents

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2024

(Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

Audited Audited
Notes 31 December 2024 31 December 2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents 3 1,744,596,487 2,011,698,240
Financial investments 27 1,628,681,336 904,719,422
Trade receivables 3,161,663,600 2,889,128,164
- Due from related parties 5 3,131,654,175 2,784,914,519
- Due from third parties 6 30,009,425 104,213,645
Other receivables 155,067,728 947,077,097
- Due from related parties 5 109,766,904 926,252,068
- Due from third parties 7 45,300,824 20,825,029
Inventories 8 20,405,704 30,422,646
Prepaid expenses 26 107,075,232 58,104,084
Other current assets 13.1 156,844 61,487
Total current assets 6,817,646,931 6,841,211,140
Non-current assets:
Other receivables 5,396,665 4,709,745
- Due from third parties 7 5,396,665 4,709,745
Property, plant and equipment 9.1 46,553,720,961 70,180,914,792
Right of use assets 9.2 335,480,580 366,896,612
Intangible assets 10 2,384,219,886 2,449,232,654
Prepaid expenses 26 288,225,069 393,454,785
Other non-current assets 13.2 36,873,586 47,974,011
Total non-current assets 49,603,916,747 73,443,182,599
Total assets 56,421,563,678 80,284,393,739

Consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2024

(Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

Audited Audited
Notes 31 December 2024 31 December 2023
LIABILITIES
Current liabilities:
Short-term portion of long-term financial 23.1 6,337,816,887 2,158,530,424
liabilities
Lease liabilities 23.2 32,230,199 24,003,392
Trade payables 229,450,690 582,137,987
- Due to related parties 5 42,222,472 16,510,831
- Due to third parties 6 187,228,218 565,627,156
Liabilities for employee benefits 12 12,520,061 16,985,904
Other payables 236,740 340,841
- Due to third parties 7 236,740 340,841
Current provisions 102,704,474 83,642,402
- Provisions for employee benefits 11.1 87,203,840 63,818,505
- Other short-term provisions 11.1 15,500,634 19,823,897
Other current liabilities 13.3 108,369,687 147,137,604
Total current liabilities 6,823,328,738 3,012,778,554
Non-current liabilities:
Financial liabilities 23.1 17,958,797,217 26,859,640,646
Lease liabilities 23.2 42,307,373 54,673,615
Other payables - 72,770,079
- Due to related parties 5 - 72,770,079
Non-current provisions 88,504,467 98,987,807
- Provisions for employee benefits 11.4 88,504,467 98,987,807
Deferred tax liabilities 22 4,143,548,414 8,863,219,543
Total non-current liabilities 22,233,157,471 35,949,291,690
Total liabilities 29,056,486,209 38,962,070,244

Consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2024

(Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

Audited Audited
31 December 31 December
Notes 2024 2023
EQUITY
Paid-in capital 14 705,000,000 705,000,000
Adjustment to share capital 14 6,560,967,699 6,560,967,699
Share premiums 14 761,686,001 761,686,001
Treasury shares 14 (169,191,401) (172,523,256)
Restricted reserves 14 237,952,730 199,118,506
Other comprehensive income that will not be
reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods 100,878,943 1,937,959,219
- Gains on revaluation of property, plant and
equipment 196,061,828 2,022,347,324
- Actuarial losses on defined benefit plans (95,182,885) (84,388,105)
Other comprehensive income that may be
reclassified to loss or profit it subsequent periods (17,730,537,690) (17,643,886,282)
- Reserve of losses on cash flow hedge (17,730,537,690) (17,643,886,282)
Retained earnings 48,668,599,552 50,822,195,039
Net (loss) / profit for the period (11,770,278,365) (1,848,193,431)
Equity attributable to equity holders of the
parent 27,365,077,469 41,322,323,495
Total equity 27,365,077,469 41,322,323,495
Total equity and liabilities 56,421,563,678 80,284,393,739

Consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year period ended 31 December 2024

(Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

Audited Audited
1 January – 1 January –
Notes 31 December 2024 31 December 2023
LOSS OR PROFIT STATEMENT
Revenue 15 6,583,577,587 9,180,783,497
Cost of sales 16 (4,977,046,462) (5,213,430,269)
Gross profit 1,606,531,125 3,967,353,228
General administrative expenses 17 (643,674,813) (911,791,458)
Other operating income 19 989,376,988 1,519,909,913
Other operating expenses 19 (17,312,659) (161,211,658)
Operating profit 1,934,920,641 4,414,260,025
Income from investing activities 21 72,837,321 441,355,938
Expense from investing activities 21 (19,085,752,527) (5,289,447,370)
(Loss) / Profit before finance income/(expense) (17,077,994,565) (433,831,407)
Finance income 20
Finance expenses 20 948,134,890 1,507,182,208
Gains/(losses) on net monetary position 29 (7,088,688,620) (19,048,931,971)
(Loss)/Gain before tax 7,330,445,969
(15,888,102,326)
13,686,945,664
(4,288,635,506)
Tax income/(expense) 4,117,823,961 2,440,442,075
- Deferred tax income/(expenses) 22 4,117,823,961 2,440,442,075
Net profit/(loss) for the period (11,770,278,365) (1,848,193,431)
(Loss)/Gain attributable to
Equity holders of the parent (11,770,278,365) (1,848,193,431)
(Loss)/Gain earnings per share
- (Loss)/Gain earnings per share 25 (16.84) (2.64)
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)
STATEMENT
Other comprehensive income that will not be
reclassified to profit or loss (1,718,890,095) 195,383,323
- Increases/(decreases) in property, plant and (2,277,460,420) 309,253,147
equipment revaluation
- Total tax on revaluation increases on property,
plant and equipment 569,365,105 (77,313,287)
- Actuarial losses on defined benefit plans 11.4 (14,393,040) (48,742,049)
- Total tax on remeasurement losses / gains on
defined benefit plans
3,598,260 12,185,512
Other comprehensive income that will be
reclassified to profit or loss (86,651,408) 812,553,707
- Reserve of losses on cash flow hedge 23.1 (115,535,211) 1,083,404,943
- Tax related to other comprehensive income that
will be reclassified to profit or loss 28,883,803 (270,851,236)
Other comprehensive (loss) / income (1,805,541,503) 1,007,937,030
Total comprehensive (loss) / income (13,575,819,868) (840,256,401)

Consolidated statement changes in equity for the year period ended 31 December 2024

(Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

Other comprehensive income that
will not be reclassified to (loss) or
profit
Other
comprehensive
income that will be
reclassified to (loss)
or profit
Paid-in
capital
Adjustment to
share capital
Share
premiums
Treasury
shares
Restricted
reserves
Gain/(loss) on
revaluation of
property, plant
and equipment
Actuarial
(loss)/gain
on defined
benefit plans
Reserve of
(losses)/gains on
cash flow hedge
Retained
earnings
Net profit/ (loss)
for the period
Total equity
Balance as of 1 January 2023 705,000,000 6,560,967,699 761,686,001 - 26,595,250 1,866,157,021 (47,831,568) (18,456,439,989) 43,738,978,404 7,179,990,334 42,335,103,152
Transfers - - - - - - - - 7,179,990,334 (7,179,990,334) -
Net profit/(loss) for the period - - - - - - - - - (1,848,193,431) (1,848,193,431)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) - - - - - 231,939,860 (36,556,537) 812,553,707 - - 1,007,937,030
Total comprehensive income/(loss) - - - - - 231,939,860 (36,556,537) 812,553,707 - (1,848,193,431) (840,256,401)
Transactions with own shares * - - - (172,523,256) 172,523,256 - - - (172,523,256) - (172,523,256)
Depreciation
transfers
related
to
revaluation of property, plant and
equipment
- - - - - (75,749,557) - - 75,749,557 - -
Balance as of 31 December 2023 705,000,000 6,560,967,699 761,686,001 (172,523,256) 199,118,506 2,022,347,324 (84,388,105) (17,643,886,282) 50,822,195,039 (1,848,193,431) 41,322,323,495
Balance as of 1 January 2024 705,000,000 6,560,967,699 761,686,001 (172,523,256) 199,118,506 2,022,347,324 (84,388,105) (17,643,886,282) 50,822,195,039 (1,848,193,431) 41,322,323,495
Transfers - - - - - - - - (1,848,193,431) 1,848,193,431 -
Dividends - - - 3,331,855 38,834,224 - - - (423,592,237) - (381,426,158)
Net profit/(loss) for the period - - - - - - - - - (11,770,278,365) (11,770,278,365)
Other comprehensive income/(loss) - - - - - (1,708,095,315) (10,794,780) (86,651,408) - - (1,805,541,503)
Total comprehensive income/(loss) - - - - - (1,708,095,315) (10,794,780) (86,651,408) - (11,770,278,365) (13,575,819,868)
Depreciation
transfers
related
to
revaluation of property, plant and
equipment
- - - - - (118,190,181) - - 118,190,181 - -
Balance as of 31 December 2024 705,000,000 6,560,967,699 761,686,001 (169,191,401) 237,952,730 196,061,828 (95,182,885) (17,730,537,690) 48,668,599,552 (11,770,278,365) 27,365,077,469

* The Company has planned to make its own share repurchase transactions in order to protect its shareholders, to contribute to the formation of a stable share price in line with its real value, and to preserve the confidence in the Company, in line with the CMB's statements on 14 February 2022, dated 21 July 2016, 25 July 2016 and 23 March 2020. It has been unanimously approved by the Board of Directors and the maximum number of shares that can be repurchased has been determined as 20,000,000 with a nominal value of TL 20,000,000. The Company Management has evaluated that it will not have any consequences against the Company and the investors and that the use of the Company's existing resources for repurchase will not affect the Company's cash needs. In this context, the fund to be allocated for repurchase has been determined as a maximum of TL 170,000,000, to be met from the cash generated from the Company's activities and its current resources.

Within the scope of the share buyback transactions initiated by the decision of the Board of Directors, 6,105,026 shares have been bought back in the amount of TL 172,523,256 by our Company for the period ended 31 December 2023. The total amount of purchases provided from the internal resources of the company is 172,523,256 TL and its share in the Company's capital is 0.8660%. The Company has shown TL 172,523,256 in the "Repurchased Shares (-)" account, which was paid in connection with the repurchase of shares.

In accordance with Article 520 of the Law No. 6102, the Company has set aside a reserve fund for the shares bought back in an amount that meets the acquisition value. Since these reserves are dissolved when the repurchased shares are transferred or cancelled, they are shown in the "Restricted Reserves Set aside from Profit" item.

Consolidated statement of cash flows for the year period ended 31 December 2024

(Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

Audited Audited
1 January 1 January
31 December 31 December
Notes 2024 2023
A. CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES 3,632,587,702 6,368,196,105
Net profit/(loss) for the period (11,770,278,365) (1,848,193,431)
Net profit/(loss) for the period adjustment to reconcile 15,054,639,767 8,782,150,470
Adjustment related to amortization and depreciation 9, 10 3,008,793,094 3,074,825,826
Adjustment related to other provisions 6 19,442 (181,818)
Adjustment related to provisions for employee benefits 11 78,089,699 65,177,080
Adjustment related to provisions for ligitations
Adjustment related to incomes of interest
11
20
1,989,177
(455,520,383)
2,183,378
(527,874,303)
Adjustment related to expenses of interest 23 2,198,126,762 2,524,836,353
Adjustment related to tax income / expense 22 (4,117,823,961) (2,440,442,075)
Adjustment related to unrealized foreign exchange loss 23.1 4,711,387,089 10,417,804,502
Adjustment related to gains of sales of tangible and intangible assets, net 4,722,543 106,579,804
Adjustment to related party to interest incomes / expenses from related
parties 20 (148,334,404) (121,125,742)
Adjustments related to fair value loss 18,647,937,382 4,963,694,772
Other adjustments to reconcile net income / expense 477,478,434 17,520,787
Monetary gains/(losses) on net monetary position (9,352,225,107) (9,300,848,094)
Changes in working capital 364,493,078 (554,678,252)
Related to increase / decrease in restricted accounts (22,698,542) 75,189,696
Related to increase / decrease in trade receivables from third parties 74,184,778 66,536,082
Related to increase / decrease in trade receivables from related parties (198,405,252) 146,928,531
Related to increase / decrease in other receivables 897,420,309 (236,609,143)
Related to increase / decrease in the inventories 10,016,942 (347,739)
Related to increase / decrease in trade payables to third parties (378,398,938) (546,423,146)
Related to increase / decrease in trade payables to related parties
Related to increase / decrease in other payables
25,711,641
(38,872,017)
(1,864,715)
(67,146,398)
Related to increase / decrease in liabilities for employee benefits (4,465,843) 9,058,580
Taxes paid - -
Employee termination benefit paid 11.4 (16,266,778) (11,082,682)
B. CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES (831,418,587) (2,375,900,563)
Interest received
Inflow related to sales of tangible and intangible assets
9, 21 466,428,590
93,037,742
612,499,805
435,875,977
Outflow related to purchase of tangible and intangible assets (690,447,141) (3,132,043,218)
Cash inflows arising from sale of shares or debt instruments of other
businesses or funds 218,686,799 1,135,553,661
Cash outflows arising from acquisition of shares or debt instruments of
other businesses or funds (919,124,577) (1,427,786,788)
C. CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES (2,403,229,961) (3,718,158,702)
Cash inflow related to proceeds from borrowings
Cash outflow related to lease liabilities
23.1
23.2
-
(51,557,437)
(1,205,063,868)
(59,545,584)
Dividends paid (381,426,158) -
Cash inflows for the sale of own shares - -
Cash outflows for the acquisition of own shares - (172,523,256)
Interest paid 23.1 (1,970,246,366) (2,281,025,994)
NET INCREASE/(DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH
EQUIVALENTS (A+B+C) 397,939,154 274,136,840
D. EFFECT OF NET MONETARY POSITION DIFFERENCES
GAINS (LOSSES) ON CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
(665,040,907) (1,340,335,336)
E. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS BEGINNING OF PERIOD 2,011,698,240 3,077,896,736
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT THE END OF THE
PERIOD (A+B+C+D+E) 1,744,596,487 2,011,698,240

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

1 Organization and nature of operations of the Company

Aydem Yenilenebilir Enerji Anonim Şirketi ("Aydem Yenilenebilir" or "the Company") was established on 6 July 1995 as Bereket Enerji Üretim Otoprodüktör Grubu Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Şirketi. The Company first changed its corporate name to Bereket Enerji Üretim Anonim Şirketi on 21 May 2004 and then on 27 December 2019, the Company changed again its corporate name to Aydem Yenilenebilir Enerji Anonim Şirketi. In 2019, the Company has been restructured in a way that it operates solely in renewable energy generation business. In relation to the restructuring process, Aydem Yenilenebilir has merged with all of its subsidiaries which are operating in renewable energy generation business and disposed the non-relevant operations and subsidiaries and became a pure renewable energy generation Company. The Company has started to be traded on Borsa Istanbul as of 29 April 2021.

In these consolidated financial statements, Aydem Yenilenebilir, its subsidiaries and its associate are referred to together as "the Group".

Aydem Yenilenebilir generates electricity from local renewable sources. The Group installed its first hydroelectric power plant ("HPP") on the Bereket Çayı stream and continues to generate electricity with hydro, wind ("WPP"), solar power plant ("SPP") and geothermal ("GPP") in different regions of the country.

The address of the registered office of the Company is as follows:

Adalet Mah. Hasan Gönüllü Bulvarı No:15/1 Merkezefendi, Denizli.

As of 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023, the Group's subsidiaries ("subsidiaries") and their main business activities are as follows:

Ownership Percentage
Subsidiaries Location Main Activities 31 December 31 December
2024 2023
Ey-Tur Enerji Elektrik Üretim ve
Ticaret Ltd. Şti. ("Ey-tur") /HPP Kağızman/Kars Electricity generation by hydropower 100% 100%
Başat Elektrik Üretim ve Ticaret
Ltd. Şti. ("Başat") / HPP Üzümlü/Erzincan Electricity generation by hydropower 100% 100%
Sarı Perakende Enerji Satış ve
Ticaret A.Ş. ("Sarı Perakende") İzmir Trading of electricity 100% 100%
Akköprü Yenilenebilir Enerji A.Ş.
("Akköprü HPP") * Muğla Electricity generation by hydropower 100% 100%

* Akköprü HPP was established on 15 October 2021. The Group was awarded the Akköprü HPP with a capacity of 115 MW in the tender held by The Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry Privatization administration on 23 September 2021. However, the tender was cancelled on 19 January 2022 with the President's Decision and this decision was notified to Company on 24 January 2022.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

1 Organization and nature of operations of the Group (continued)

As of 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023, the number of employees of the Company and its subsidiaries and its associate are as shown in the table below:

The Company and its subsidiaries 31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Aydem Yenilenebilir 553 567
Sarı Perakende - -
Ey-Tur - -
Başat - -
Akköprü - -
Total 553 567

Laws and regulations affecting the business activities

The Group is subject to the regulation and board decisions communiques issued by the Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA) and obliged to carry out electricity generation and sales activities in accordance with the Electricity Market Law No.6446 dated 14 March 2013 which entered into force with the Official Gazzette No.28603 dated 30 March 2013.

List of shareholders

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, the composition of shareholders and their respective percentage of ownership can be summarized as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Shareholders TL % TL %
Aydem Enerji
Yatırımları A.Ş.*
574,975,680 81.56% 574,975,680 81.56%
Publicly traded 130,000,000 18,44% 130,000,000 18,44%
Others 24,320 0.00% 24,320 0.00%
Total paid in capital 705,000,000 100% 705,000,000 100%
Adjustment to share
capital ** 6,560,967,699 6,560,967,699
Total capital 7,265,967,699 7,265,967,699

* Aydem Enerji Yatırımları A.Ş. is controlled by Aydem Holding A.Ş.

** Adjustment to share capital represents the restatement effect of cash and cash equivalent contributions to share capital restated for the effects of inflation. Adjustment to share capital is not available for any other use except to be added to share capital.

As of 29 April 2021, the company started to be traded on Borsa Istanbul - Star Market.

Approval of consolidated financial statements:

Consolidated financial statements prepared as of 31 December 2024 were approved for publication by the Board of Directors on 11 March 2025. The General Assembly have the right to amend the consolidated financial statements.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements

2.1 Basic principles of presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with Turkish Financial Reporting Standards ("TFRS") published by Public Oversight Accounting and Auditing Standards Authority ("POA") as set out in the Communiqué numbered II-14.1 "Communiqué on Principles of Financial Reporting in Capital Markets" published in the Official Gazette. TFRSs consist of standards and interpretations which are published as Turkish Accounting Standards ("TAS"), Turkish Financial Reporting Standards, interpretations of TAS and interpretations of TFRS.

The consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with the TFRS Taxonomy developed based on the Illustrative Financial Statements and User Guide published in the Official Gazette numbered 31973 on 4 October 2022.

The Group and its subsidiaries and associate maintain their books of accounts and prepare their statutory financial statements in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code ("TCC"), tax legislation, the Uniform Chart of Accounts issued by the Ministry of Finance.

Financial reporting in hyperinflationary economy

With the announcements made by the Public Oversight Accounting and Auditing Standards Authority (POA) on November 23, 2023, entities applying TFRSs have started to apply inflation accounting inaccordance with TAS 29 Financial Reporting in Hyperinflation Economies as of financial statements for the annual reporting period ending on or after December 31, 2023

TAS 29 is applied to the financial statements, including the consolidated financial statements, of any entity whose functional currency is the currency of a hyperinflationary economy.

According to the standard, financial statements prepared in the currency of a hyperinflationary economy are presented in terms of the purchasing power of that currency at the balance sheet date. Prior period financial statements are also presented in the current measurement unit at the end of the reporting period for comparative purposes. The Group has therefore presented its consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2023, on the purchasing power basis as of December 31, 2024.

Pursuant to the decision of the Capital Markets Board (CMB) dated December 28, 2023 and numbered 81/1820, it has been decided that issuers and capital market institutions subject to financial reporting regulations that apply Turkish Accounting/Financial Reporting Standards will apply inflation accounting by applying the provisions of IAS 29 starting from their annual financial reports for the periods ending on December 31, 2023.

The adjustments made in accordance with IAS 29 were made using the adjustment coefficient obtained from the Consumer Price Index (CPI) of Turkey published by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK). As of December 31, 2024, the indices and adjustment coefficients used in the adjustment of the consolidated financial statements are as follows:

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.1 Basic principles of presentation (continued)

Financial reporting in hyperinflationary economy (continued)

Three-year cumulative
Date Index Adjustment coefficients inflation rates
31 December 2024 2,684.55 1.00000 %291
31 December 2023 1,859.38 1.44379 %268
31 December 2022 1,128.45 2.37897 %156

The main elements of the Group's adjustment process for financial reporting in hyperinflationary economies are as follows:

  • Current period consolidated financial statements prepared in TRY are expressed in terms of the purchasing power at the balance sheet date, and amounts from previous reporting periods are also adjusted and expressed in terms of the purchasing power at the end of the reporting period.

  • Monetary assets and liabilities are not adjusted as they are already expressed in terms of the current purchasing power at the balance sheet date. In cases where the inflation-adjusted values of non-monetary items exceed their recoverable amount or net realizable value, the provisions of IAS 36 "Impairment of Assets" and IAS 2 "Inventories" are applied, respectively.

  • Non-monetary assets and liabilities and equity items that are not expressed in terms of the current purchasing power at the balance sheet date have been adjusted using the relevant adjustment coefficients.

  • All items in the comprehensive income statement, except for those that have an impact on the comprehensive income statement of non-monetary items on the balance sheet, have been indexed using the coefficients calculated for the periods when the income and expense accounts were first reflected in the financial statements.

  • The impact of inflation on the Group's net monetary asset position in the current period is recorded in the net monetary gain/(loss) account in the consolidated income statement. (Note 29)

2.2 Functional and presentation currency

The Group has presented its consolidated financial statements in TL, which is the functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries as well as its associate.

The preparation of the Group's consolidated financial statements, transactions in foreign currencies (currencies other than TL) are recorded based on the exchange rates on the transaction date. Monetary assets and liabilities indexed to foreign currency in the consolidated statement of financial position are translated into TL using the exchange rates valid on the date of the statement of financial position. Nonmonetary items recorded in foreign currency that are monitored at fair value are translated into TL using the exchange rates on the date the fair value is determined. Non-monetary items in foreign currency measured in terms of historical cost are not subject to re-translation. Income or expense arising from the adjustments or translations of items in foreign currency are included in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.3 Basis of Consolidation

Consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the company and its subsidiaries as of 31 December 2024. Subsidiaries are companies over which the Group has direct or indirect control over their operations. Control is provided if the Group meets the following conditions:

• Power over the investee (i.e., existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee)

  • Exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee
  • The ability to use its power over the investee to affect its returns

If a situation or event occurs that could cause a change in at least one of the criteria listed above, the Group re-evaluates whether it has control over its investment.

Generally, there is a presumption that a majority of voting rights results in control. To support this presumption and when the Group has less than a majority of the voting or similar rights of an investee, the Group considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power over an investee, including:

  • The contractual arrangement(s) with the other vote holders of the investee
  • Rights arising from other contractual arrangements
  • The Group's voting rights and potential voting rights

• Events and conditions that may indicate whether the Group has the power to decide on management of operations (including voting at previous general assembly meetings)

Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Group obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Group loses control of the subsidiary. Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date the Group gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary.

When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies in line with the Group's accounting policies.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.3 Basis of consolidation (continued)

i) Business combinations

Business combinations are accounted for using the acquisition method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the aggregate of the consideration transferred, which is measured at acquisition date fair value, and the amount of any non-controlling interests in the acquiree. For each business combination, the Group elects whether to measure the non-controlling interests in the acquiree at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree's identifiable net assets. Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and included in administrative expenses.

Any contingent consideration to be transferred by the acquirer will be recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. Contingent consideration classified as equity is not remeasured and its subsequent settlement is accounted for within equity. Contingent consideration classified as an asset or liability that is a financial instrument and within the scope of TFRS 9 Financial Instruments, is measured at fair value with the changes in fair value recognised in the statement of profit or loss in accordance with TFRS 9. Other contingent consideration that is not within the scope of TFRS 9 is measured at fair value at each reporting.

Goodwill is initially measured at cost (being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount recognised for non-controlling interests and any previous interest held over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed). If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the Group re-assesses whether it has correctly identified all of the assets acquired and all of the liabilities assumed and reviews the procedures used to measure the amounts to be recognised at the acquisition date. If the reassessment still results in an excess of the fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognised in profit or loss.

ii) Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.3 Basis of consolidation (continued)

iii) Associates:

An associate is an entity over which the Group has significant influence. Significant influence is the power to participate in the financial and operating policy decisions of the investee, but is not control or joint control over those policies. Associates are accounted for equity method in the consolidated financial statements. Under equity method, investment in an associate is initially recognised at cost. After initial recognition, Group's share of the profit or loss of the investee, is recorded to the financial statements by increasing or decreasing the net book value. Group's share of the profit or loss and other comprehensive income of equity-accounted investees, after adjustments to align the accounting policies with those of the Group, from the date that significant influence commences until the date that significant influence ceases.

In addition, when there has been a change recognised directly in the equity of the associate, the Group recognises its share of any changes, when applicable, in the statement of changes in equity. Goodwill relating to the associate or joint venture is included in the carrying amount of the investment and is not tested for impairment separately. Unrealised gains and losses resulting from transactions between the Group and the associate are eliminated to the extent of the interest in the associate or joint venture.

When the Group's share of losses exceeds its interest in an equity-accounted investee, the carrying amount of the investment, including any long-term interests that form part thereof, is reduced to zero, and the recognition of further losses is discontinued except to the extent that the Group has an obligation or has made payments on behalf of the investee.

The aggregate of the Group's share of profit or loss of an associate is shown on the face of the statement of profit or loss within operating profit when the associate's main course of business is renewable energy generation and represents profit or loss after tax.

The financial statements of the associate are prepared for the same reporting period as the Group.

After application of the equity method, the Group determines whether it is necessary to recognise an impairment loss on its investment in its associate. At each reporting date, the Group determines whether there is objective evidence that the investment in the associate is impaired. If there is such evidence, the Group calculates the amount of impairment as the difference between the recoverable amount of the associate and its carrying value, and then recognises the loss within 'Share of profit of an associate' in the statement of profit or loss.

iv) Non-controlling interests

For each business combination, the Group elects to measure any non-controlling interests in the acquiree either:

  • at fair value; or
  • at their proportionate share of the acquiree's identifiable net assets, which are generally at fair value.

Profit or loss and each component of OCI are attributed to the equity holders of the parent of the Group and to the non-controlling interests, even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.3 Basis of consolidation (continued)

v) Partial share purchase and sale transactions with non-controlling interests

Changes in the Group's interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as transactions with owners in their capacity as owners. Accordingly, in the case of additional share purchases from and sales to non-controlling interests, the difference between the acquisition cost and the carrying amount of the net assets of the subsidiary in proportion to the acquired interest is recognized in equity. No adjustments are made to goodwill and no gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss.

vi) Acquisition of companies under common control

For the accounting of business combinations under common control, assets and liabilities subject to business combination are included in the consolidated financial statements with carrying values of historical TFRS financial statements, which were prepared for the purpose of consolidation of the ultimate parents' consolidated financial statements. The financial statements of the acquired entities have been consolidated from the beginning of the financial year in which the business combination occurs. Prior period financial statements have been restated in the same manner for comparability purposes. As a result of these transactions, no goodwill or negative goodwill has been calculated. Any difference between the consideration paid and the share capital of the acquired entity are accounted under equity as "Share Premium / Discount".

vii) Eliminations

During the preparation of the consolidated financial statements, unrealized gains and losses arising from intra-group transactions between entities included in the consolidated financial statements, intra-group balances and intra-group transactions are eliminated. Gains and losses arising from the transactions between the associate and the parent company and the consolidated subsidiaries of the parent company and jointly controlled entities are offset against the parent company's interest in the associate. Unrealized losses are eliminated in the same manner as unrealized gains, unless there is evidence of impairment.

viii) Loss of control

Upon the loss of control, the Group derecognizes the assets and liabilities of the subsidiary, any noncontrolling interests and the other components of equity related to the subsidiary. Any surplus or deficit arising on the loss of control is recognised in profit or loss. If the Group retains any interest in the previous subsidiary, then such interest is measured at fair value at the date that control is lost. Subsequently it is accounted for as an equity-accounted investee or as an available-for-sale financial asset depending on the level of influence retained.

2.4 Going Concern

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the going concern principle.

2.5 Comperative Information and Restatement of Prior Period Financial Statements

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared comparatively to present the tendency in the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of the Group. If necessary, in order to meet the consistency with the presentation of the financial statements in the current period, comparative information is reclassified and material differences are explained in related notes.

As of 31 December 2023, the Group reclassified its tax expense amounting to TL 6,969,516,462 to monatery gain loss

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.6 The new standards, amendments and interpretations

The accounting policies adopted in preparation of the consolidated financial statements as of 31 December 2024 are consistent with those of the previous financial year, except for the adoption of new and amended TFRS and TFRS interpretations effective as of January 1, 2024 and thereafter. The effects of these standards and interpretations on the Group's financial position and performance have been disclosed in the related paragraphs.

i) The new standards, amendments and interpretations which are effective as of January 1, 2024

Amendments to TAS 1- Classification of Liabilities as Current and Non-Current Liabilities

In March 2020 and January 2023, POA issued amendments to TAS 1 to specify the requirements for classifying liabilities as current or non-current. According to the amendments made in January 2023 if an entity's right to defer settlement of a liability is subject to the entity complying with the required covenants at a date subsequent to the reporting period ("future covenants"), the entity has a right to defer settlement of the liability even if it does not comply with those covenants at the end of the reporting period. In addition, January 2023 amendments require an entity to provide disclosure when a liability arising from a loan agreement is classified as non-current and the entity's right to defer settlement is contingent on compliance with future covenants within twelve months. This disclosure must include information about the covenants and the related liabilities. The amendments clarify that the requirement for the right to exist at the end of the reporting period applies to covenants which the entity is required to comply with on or before the reporting date regardless of whether the lender tests for compliance at that date or at a later date. The amendments also clarified that the classification of a liability is unaffected by the likelihood that the entity will exercise its right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting period. The amendments must be applied retrospectively in accordance with TAS 8. The Group is in the process of assessing the impact of the amendments on financial position or performance of the Group.

Amendments to TFRS 16 - Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback

In January 2023, POA issued amendments to TFRS 16. The amendments specify the requirements that a seller-lessee uses in measuring the lease liability arising in a sale and leaseback transaction, to ensure the seller-lessee does not recognise any amount of the gain or loss that relates to the right of use it retains. In applying requirements of TFRS 16 under "Subsequent measurement of the lease liability" heading after the commencement date in a sale and leaseback transaction, the seller lessee determines 'lease payments' or 'revised lease payments' in such a way that the seller-lessee would not recognise any amount of the gain or loss that relates to the right of use retained by the seller-lessee. The amendments do not prescribe specific measurement requirements for lease liabilities arising from a leaseback. The initial measurement of the lease liability arising from a leaseback may result in a seller-lessee determining 'lease payments' that are different from the general definition of lease payments in TFRS 16. The seller-lessee will need to develop and apply an accounting policy that results in information that is relevant and reliable in accordance with TAS 8. A seller-lessee applies the amendments retrospectively in accordance with TAS 8 to sale and leaseback transactions entered into after the date of initial application of TFRS 16.

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.6 The new standards, amendments and interpretations (continued)

Amendments to TAS 7 and TFRS 7 - Disclosures: Supplier Finance Arrangements

The amendments issued by POA in September 2023 specify disclosure requirements to enhance the current requirements, which are intended to assist users of financial statements in understanding the effects of supplier finance arrangements on an entity's liabilities, cash flows and exposure to liquidity risk. Supplier finance arrangements are characterized by one or more finance providers offering to pay amounts an entity owes its suppliers and the entity agreeing to pay according to the terms and conditions of the arrangements at the same date as, or a date later than, suppliers are paid. The amendments require an entity to provide information about terms and conditions of those arrangements, quantitative information on liabilities related to those arrangements as at the beginning and end of the reporting period and the type and effect of non-cash changes in the carrying amounts of those liabilities. In the context of quantitative liquidity risk disclosures required by TFRS 7, supplier finance arrangements are also included as an example of other factors that might be relevant to disclose.

The Group is in the process of assessing the impact of the amendments on financial position or performance of the Group.

ii) Standards issued but not yet effective and not early adopted

Standards, interpretations and amendments to existing standards that are issued but not yet effective up to the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements are as follows. The Group will make the necessary changes if not indicated otherwise, which will be affecting the consolidated financial statements and disclosures, when the new standards and interpretations become effective.

Amendments to TFRS 10 and TAS 28: Sale or Contribution of Assets between an Investor and its Associate or Joint Venture

In December 2017, POA postponed the effective date of this amendment made to TFRS 10 and TAS 28 indefinitely pending the outcome of its research project on the equity method of accounting. Early application of the amendments is still permitted.

The Group is in the process of assessing the impact of the amendments on financial position or performance of the Group.

TFRS 17 - The new Standard for insurance contracts

POA issued TFRS 17 in February 2019, a comprehensive new accounting standard for insurance contracts covering recognition and measurement, presentation and disclosure. TFRS 17 model combines a current balance sheet measurement of insurance contract liabilities with the recognition of profit over the period that services are provided. Certain changes in the estimates of future cash flows and the risk adjustment are also recognised over the period that services are provided. Entities will have an option to present the effect of changes in discount rates either in profit and loss or in OCI. The standard includes specific guidance on measurement and presentation for insurance contracts with participation features. In accordance with amendments issued by POA in December 2021, entities have transition option for a "classification overlay" to avoid possible accounting mismatches between financial assets and insurance contract liabilities in the comparative information presented on initial application of TFRS 17.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.6 The new standards, amendments and interpretations (continued)

In addition, according to the amendments published by the POA in December 2021, businesses have the transition option to "overlap the classification" in order to eliminate possible accounting mismatches between financial assets and insurance contract liabilities in the comparative information presented when IFRS 17 is first applied.

The mandatory effective date of the Standard for the following entities has been postponed to accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2026 with the announcement made by the POA:

  • Insurance, reinsurance and pension companies.
  • Banks that have ownership/investments in insurance, reinsurance and pension companies and
  • Other entities that have ownership/investments in insurance, reinsurance and pension companies.

POA issued TFRS 17 in February 2019, a comprehensive new accounting standard for insurance contracts covering recognition and measurement, presentation and disclosure. TFRS 17 model combines a current balance sheet measurement of insurance contract liabilities with the recognition of profit over the period that services are provided. The mandatory effective date of the Standard postponed to accounting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2026 with the announcement made by the POA.

The Group is in the process of assessing the impact of the amendments on financial position or performance of the Group.

Amendments to TAS 21 - Lack of exchangeability

In May 2024, POA issued amendments to TAS 21. The amendments specify how an entity should assess whether a currency is exchangeable and how it should determine a spot exchange rate when exchangeability is lacking. When an entity estimates a spot exchange rate because a currency is not exchangeable into another currency, it discloses information that enables users of its financial statements to understand how the currency not being exchangeable into the other currency affects, or is expected to affect, the entity's financial performance, financial position and cash flows. The amendments will be effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2025. Early adoption is permitted but will need to be disclosed. When applying the amendments, an entity cannot restate comparative information.

The Group is in the process of assessing the impact of the amendments on financial position or performance of the Group.

iii)The amendments which are effective immediately upon issuance

Amendments to TAS 12 - International Tax Reform – Pillar Two Model Rules

In September 2023, POA issued amendments to TAS 12, which introduce a mandatory exception in TAS 12 from recognizing and disclosing deferred tax assets and liabilities related to Pillar Two income taxes. The amendments clarify that TAS 12 applies to income taxes arising from tax laws enacted or substantively enacted to implement the Pillar Two Model Rules published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The amendments also introduced targeted disclosure requirements for entities affected by the tax laws. The temporary exception from recognition and disclosure of information about deferred taxes and the requirement to disclose the application of the exception apply immediately and retrospectively upon issue of the amendments.

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.6 The new standards, amendments and interpretations (continued)

iv) The new amendments that are issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) but not issued by Public Oversight Authority (POA)

The following two amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 and Annual Improvements to IFRS Accounting Standards as well as IFRS 18 and IFRS 19 are issued by IASB but not yet adapted/issued by POA. Therefore, they do not constitute part of TFRS. The Group will make the necessary changes to its consolidated financial statements after the amendments and new Standard are issued and become effective under TFRS.

Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 – Classification and measurement of financial instruments

In May 2024, IASB issued amendments to the classification and measurement of financial instruments (amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7). The amendment clarifies that a financial liability is derecognised on the 'settlement date'. It also introduces an accounting policy option to derecognise financial liabilities that are settled through an electronic payment system before settlement date if certain conditions are met. The amendment also clarified how to assess the contractual cash flow characteristics of financial assets that include environmental, social and governance (ESG)-linked features and other similar contingent features as well as the treatment of non-recourse assets and contractually linked instruments. Additional disclosures in IFRS 7 for financial assets and liabilities with contractual terms that reference a contingent event (including those that are ESG-linked), and equity instruments classified at fair value through other comprehensive income are added with the amendment.

The Group is in the process of assessing the impact of the amendments on financial position or performance of the Group.

Annual Improvements to IFRS Accounting Standards – Volume 11

In July 2024, the IASB issued Annual Improvements to IFRS Accounting Standards – Volume 11, amending the followings:

  • IFRS 1 First-time Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards – Hedge Accounting by a First-time Adopter: These amendments are intended to address potential confusion arising from an inconsistency between the wording in IFRS 1 and the requirements for hedge accounting in IFRS 9.

  • IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures – Gain or Loss on Derecognition: The amendments update the language on unobservable inputs in the Standard and include a cross reference to IFRS 13.

  • IFRS 9 Financial Instruments – Lessee Derecognition of Lease Liabilities and Transaction Price: IFRS 9 has been amended to clarify that, when a lessee has determined that a lease liability has been extinguished in accordance with IFRS 9, the lessee is required to apply derecognition requirement of IFRS 9 and recognise any resulting gain or loss in profit or loss. IFRS 9 has been also amended to remove the reference to 'transaction price".

  • IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements – Determination of a 'De Facto Agent': The amendments are intended to remove the inconsistencies between IFRS 10 paragraphs.

  • IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows – Cost Method: The amendments remove the term of "cost method" following the prior deletion of the definition of 'cost method'.

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.6 The new standards, amendments and interpretations (continued)

Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7 - Contracts Referencing Nature-dependent Electricity

In December 2024, the Board issued Contracts Referencing Nature-dependent Electricity (Amendments to IFRS 9 and IFRS 7). The amendment clarifies the application of the "own use" requirements and permits hedge accounting if these contracts are used as hedging instruments. The amendment also adds new disclosure requirements to enable investors to understand the effect of these contracts on a company's financial performance and cash flows.

The Group is in the process of assessing the impact of the amendments on financial position or performance of the Group.

IFRS 18 – The new Standard for Presentation and Disclosure in Financial Statements

In April 2024, IASB issued IFRS 18 which replaces IAS 1. IFRS 18 introduces new requirements on presentation within the statement of profit or loss, including specified totals and subtotals. IFRS 18 requires an entity to classify all income and expenses within its statement of profit or loss into one of five categories: operating; investing; financing; income taxes; and discontinued operations. It also requires disclosure of management-defined performance measures and includes new requirements for aggregation and disaggregation of financial information based on the identified 'roles' of the primary financial statements and the notes. In addition, there are consequential amendments to other accounting standards, such as IAS 7, IAS 8 and IAS 34

The Group is in the process of assessing the impact of the amendments on financial position or performance of the Group.

IFRS 19 – Subsidiaries without Public Accountability: Disclosures

In May 2024, IASB issued IFRS 19, which allows eligible entities to elect to apply reduced disclosure requirements while still applying the recognition, measurement and presentation requirements in other IFRS accounting standards. Unless otherwise specified, eligible entities that elect to apply IFRS 19 will not need to apply the disclosure requirements in other IFRS accounting standards. An entity that is a subsidiary, does not have public accountability and has a parent (either ultimate or intermediate) which prepares consolidated financial statements, available for public use, which comply with IFRS accounting standards may elect to apply IFRS 19.

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.7 Summary of significant accounting policies

Related Parties

A related party is a person or entity that is related to the entity that is preparing its financial statements.

a) A person or a close member of that person's family is related to a reporting entity if that person:

i. has control or joint control over the reporting entity.

ii. has significant influence over the reporting entity.

iii. is a member of the key management personnel of the reporting entity or of a parent of the reporting entity.

b) An entity is related to a reporting entity if any of the following conditions applies:

  • i. The entity and the reporting entity are members of the same group (which means that each parent, subsidiary and fellow subsidiary is related to the others).
  • ii.One entity is an associate or joint venture of the other entity (or an associate or joint venture of a member of a group of which the other entity is a member).
  • iii. Both entities are joint ventures of the same third party.
  • iv. One entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the other entity is an associate of the third entity.
  • v. The entity is a post-employment benefit plan for the benefit of employees of either the reporting entity or an entity related to the reporting entity. If the reporting entity is itself such a plan, the sponsoring employers are also related to the reporting entity.
  • vi. The entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in (a).
  • vii. A person identified in (a)(i) has significant influence over the entity or is a member of the key management personnel of the entity (or of a parent of the entity).

A related party transaction is a transfer of resources, services or obligations between a reporting entity and a related party, regardless of whether a price is charged.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.7 Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Property, plant and equipment

Accounting and measurement

The Group, has adopted the revaluation method in accordance with TAS 16 for its entire power plants. Power plants are measured at fair value less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses recognised after the date of revaluation. Other tangible assets are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Construction in progress is also stated at cost, net of accumulated impairment losses, if any. An investment in a power plant is classified as construction in progress during the physical construction process; when completed, it is transferred to the power plant class (Note 9.1) and recognized at fair value.

The frequency of revaluations depends on the changes in the fair values of property, plant and equipment subject to revaluation. The Group revalued the property, plant and equipment consisting of the power plant as of 31 December 2024 and performed a detailed impairment analysis as of 31 December 2024. The Renewable Energy Group consist of power plants below:

Çırakdamı HPP, Dereli HPP , Bereket I-II HPP, Dalaman I-V HPP, Gökyar HPP, Feslek HPP, Koyulhisar HPP, Mentaş HPP, Toros HPP, Göktaş I-II HPP, Aksu HPP, Akıncı HPP Uşak WPP, Yalova WPP, Söke WPP and Uşak SPP.

A revaluation surplus is recorded in OCI and credited to the asset revaluation surplus in equity. However, to the extent that it reverses a revaluation deficit of the same asset previously recognised in profit or loss, the increase is recognised in profit and loss. A revaluation deficit is recognised in the statement of profit or loss, except to the extent that it offsets an existing surplus on the same asset recognised in the asset revaluation surplus.

An annual transfer from the asset revaluation surplus to retained earnings is made for the difference between depreciation based on the revalued carrying amount of the asset and depreciation based on the asset's original cost. Additionally, accumulated depreciation as at the revaluation date is eliminated against the gross carrying amount of the asset and the net amount is restated to the revalued amount of the asset. Upon disposal, any revaluation surplus relating to the particular asset being sold is transferred to retained earnings.

Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over property, plant and equipment. Land is not depreciated on the basis that it has an indefinite life. Purchase costs are accounted by separating the land and building components in the purchases of buildings, including land.

The estimated useful lives of the significant property, plant and equipment as of 31 December 2024 are as follows:

Years

Power plants 20-49

An item of property, plant and equipment and any significant part initially recognised is derecognised upon disposal (i.e., at the date the recipient obtains control) or when no future economic benefits are expected from its use or disposal. Any gain or loss arising on derecognition of the asset (calculated as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the asset) is included in the statement of profit or loss when the asset is derecognised.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.7 Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Property, plant and equipment (continued)

The residual values, useful lives and methods of depreciation of property, plant and equipment are reviewed at each financial year end and adjusted prospectively, if appropriate. Repair and maintenance costs are recognised in profit or loss as incurred.

A class of power plant is a grouping of assets of a similar nature and used in an entity's operations and contains land, buildings, machinery and equipment, furniture and fixtures.

Expenses for the repair of property, plant and equipment are normally charged as expense. They are, however, capitalized if they result in an enlargement or substantial improvement of the respective assets.

Intangible assets

Accounting and measurement

Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Intangible assets are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. Intangible assets comprise rights to operate licenses and computer software.

Right to Operate Licences

The Adıgüzel HPP and Kemer HPP operating licences which has been obtained through Transfer of Operating Rights Agreement ("Agreement") with the Privatization Administration and the Electricity Generation Corporation ("EÜAŞ") are accounted as intangible assets.

Computer Software

Computer software are recognized at acquisition cost and amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 3-15 years. Where an indication of impairment exists, the carrying amount of any intangible assets is assessed and written down immediately to its recoverable amount.

Subsequent costs

Subsequent costs are capitalized only if they have an impact that increases the future economic benefits of the intangible assets to which they relate. All other expenditures are recognized in profit or loss when incurred.

Amortization

Intangible assets are recognized in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives starting from the date they are ready for use.

Amortization methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date and, where appropriate, adjusted.

The estimated useful lives in the current periods are as follows:

Years
Right to Operate Licences 12-49
Computer Software 3-15

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.7 Summary of significant accounting policies (continued)

Financial liabilities

Non-derivative financial liabilities of the Group comprised of "borrowings", "trade payables" and "other payables" in the statement of financial position

i. Borrowings

Borrowings are initially recognized at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently measured at amortized cost. Any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption amount is recognized in profit or loss over the period of the borrowings using the effective interest method. Fees paid on the establishment of loan facilities are recognized as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw down occurs. To the extent there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalized as a prepayment for liquidity services and amortized over the period of the facility to which it relates.

Borrowings are derecognised from the balance sheet when the obligation specified in the contract is discharged, cancelled or expired.

ii. Borrowing costs

If financing costs arising from the loans are associated with acquisition or construction of qualifying assets, they are included in cost value of qualifying assets. Qualifying assets refer to assets which require a long time to be available for use or sales as intended. Other borrowing costs are accounted in statement of profit or loss in the period they occur.

iii. Trade and other payables

Trade and other payables are recognized initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

2.8 Cash flow hedge transactions

For a hedge of foreign currency risk, the foreign currency component of a non-derivative financial asset or liability may be designated, as a hedging instrument. The foreign currency risk component of a nonderivative financial instrument is determined in accordance with TAS 21.

Accordingly, starting from 20 March 2021, the Company hedge the spot risk of highly probable forecast sales that are denominated in USD with its financial liability in the same foreign currency.

While the Company's functional currency is TRY, the company is exposed to FX risks due to its finances and operations. The Company has outstanding USD debt due to power plant investments. The company also generates significant sales revenue in USD.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.8 Cash flow hedge transactions (continued)

The source of USD denominated revenue is sales of electricity generated via renewable power plants. Such production is incentivized in Turkey through a feed‐in tariff mechanism (Council of Ministers Decree No.2013/5625). The kWh sale price of generated electricity is guaranteed in USD prices, whereas the amount of future renewable generation remains uncertain and depends on climate conditions and/or operational risks. The feed‐in tariff ("FIT") revenues are calculated on a daily basis, and are aggregated at monthly intervals. This enables the Company to classify expected future revenues as a monthly stream of forecasted USD cash inflows for risk management purposes.

The Company's foreign currency risk management objective is to rely on natural currency hedges due to operations. It achieves this feat by aligning its forecasted USD inflows and its USD bond payments. Moreover, the forecasted USD inflows vs scheduled USD bond repayments constitute a hedged portfolio that allows a Cash Flow Hedge Accounting relationship to reduce the Company's income statement volatility. In particular, the Company associates its forecasted future USD cash inflows due to renewable‐ generated electricity sales, with its outstanding USD bonds. The Company is implementing Hedge Accounting under TFRS 9 to reflect its economic hedges onto financial reporting:

Hedge Accounting Component Definition
Hedged Item Forecasted future USD cash inflows due to FIT incentive
Hedging Instrument USD denominated financial borrowings
Foreign exchange risk of forecasted future USD cash inflows due to FIT
Hedged Risk incentive

As of 31 December 2024, the amount of forecasted revenue under FIT and bilateral agreements are USD 204,215,028 whereas the total notional of the outstanding USD denominated bonds is USD 674,107,000. The Group designates USD 574,107,000 of this amount as part of its rebalanced hedge accounting relationship, per TFRS 9 6.2.4 (c). Due to under‐hedged nature of the hedged‐item, the Company achieves 1:1 hedge ratio with the hedging instrument at all times by way of re‐balancing, in line with TFRS 9, 6.4.1.c.iii.

The maturity breakdown of the designated layer of the hedging instrument notional as of 31 December 2024 is provided below;

Payment Date Principal Payment Amount
February 2025 57,410,700
August 2025 57,410,700
February 2026 57,410,700
August 2026 57,410,700
February 2027 344,464,200
Total 574,107,000

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.8 Cash flow hedge transactions (continued)

The accounting treatment applied with respect to the cash flow hedge is as follows:

  • The portion of the foreign exchange gain or loss of the hedging instrument (USD denominated bonds) that is determined to be an effective hedge is recognised in other comprehensive income ("OCI"), until the accompanying hedged item (forecasted USD cash inflows) occurs.
  • Any ineffective portion of the hedge is recognized each reporting period in consolidated statement of profit or loss as "Finance Expenses / Foreign Exchange losses".
  • The hedged item, revenue, is recognised in accordance with TFRS 15 and the settlement of the hedging instrument is realised through the repayments of the bond.
  • Gains and losses deferred in OCI, remain in OCI until the cash flows associated with the hedged item occur. At the time when a forecast sale occurs, the respective amount of foreign exchange gain/loss is reclassified from OCI to profit or loss (within financial expense / "Finance Expenses – Foreign Exchange losses transferred from equity (cash flow hedge)") as a reclassification adjustment in the same periods during which the hedged expected forecasted sales affect profit or loss.
  • If the cash flows are not expected to occur, then the corresponding 'previously effective' foreign exchange gain/loss in OCI are recycled immediately to consolidated statement of profit or loss as "Finance Expenses / Foreign Exchange losses transferred from equity (cash flow hedge)".

As of 31 December 2024, the hedge relationship has been measured as 33.03% effective. As a result of the sensitivity analysis performed on the forecasted revenue figures, the Group concluded that the 10% increase/decrease in the forecasts do not have a significant effect on the evaluation of the hedge effectiveness tests.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.9 Significant accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with TFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

Judgements:

In the process of applying the Group's accounting policies, management has made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the consolidated financial statements:

Note 5 – Trade receivables Note 9 – Property, plant and equipment Note 11 – Provisions Note 2.7 – Cash flow hedge transactions Note 22 – Taxation on income

Estimates and assumptions

The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year, are described below. The Group based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the consolidated financial statements were prepared. The assumptions underlying estimates and estimates are constantly monitored. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, however, may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Group. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

A. Explanations on the determination of the fair value of property, plant and equipment

The Group's power plants (Çırakdamı HPP, Dereli HPP, Bereket I-II HPP, Dalaman I-V HPP, Gökyar HPP, Feslek HPP, Koyulhisar HPP, Mentaş HPP, Toros HPP, Göktaş I-II HPP, Aksu HPP, Akıncı HPP, Uşak WPP, Yalova WPP, Söke WPP, Uşak SPP) under property, plant and equipment are accounted for at fair value in accordance with revaluation model.

The Group has chosen the revaluation method as an accounting policy among measurment approaches allowed under TAS 16 for power plants.

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023 the Group obtained valuation report from an independent valuation company and revalued its power plants to its fair values. As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, the power plants are carried at the fair values at the measurement dates less the accumulated depreciation in the consolidated financial statements.

The related revaluation studies are carried out by using "income approach - discounted cash flow analysis". In accordance with discounted cash flows method, the estimation of long-term electricity sale prices (or market clearing price "MCP") is one of the the most important estimates, so an independent consultant was employed to support the management in making such estimates. In determining long-term electricity sale prices, the most important inputs in the model are; demand in the coming years, renewable energy capacity and capacity factor development, electricity export & import development. Other than long-term electricity sale prices, the most important assumptions of discounted cash flow method are; projected generation amount, weighted average cost of capital (discount rate) and US Dollar/TL foreign exchange rates.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.9 Significant accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions (continued)

The parameters applied in the valuation and the valuation methods used are summarized below:

31 December 2024

Power Plants Valuation Date Valuation
Method
Weighted
Average
Cost of
Capital
Average
MCP for
Next
Year
(USD)
Gross
Generation
Volume
Realized in
2024
(MWh/Year)
Expected
Future
Gross
Generation
Volume
(MWh/
Year)
Dalaman I-V HPP 10 December 2024 DCF * 10.7% 73 74,642 79,785
Akıncı HPP 10 December 2024 DCF * 10.7% 73 354,796 377,451
Aksu HPP 10 December 2024 DCF * 10.7% 73 70,239 88,920
Gökyar HPP 10 December 2024 DCF * 10.7% 73 19,533 22,499
Toros HPP 10 December 2024 DCF * 10.7% 73 89,041 175,886
Feslek HPP 10 December 2024 DCF * 10.7% 73 6,337 9,602
Koyulhisar HPP 10 December 2024 DCF * 10.7% 73 222,557 214,982
Mentaş HPP 10 December 2024 DCF * 10.7% 73 63,707 96,645
Bereket I-II HPP 10 December 2024 DCF * 10.7% 73 7,961 9,907
Göktaş HPP 10 December 2024 DCF * 10.7% 73 364,820 621,754
Çırakdamı HPP 10 December 2024 DCF * 10.7% 73 64,098 106,135
Dereli HPP 10 December 2024 DCF * 10.7% 73 52,258 106,303
Yalova WPP 10 December 2024 DCF * 10.3% 73 142,046 142,170
Söke WPP 10 December 2024 DCF * 10.3% 73 208,917 208,532
Uşak WPP 10 December 2024 DCF * 10.3% 73 252,787 344,816
Uşak SPP 10 December 2024 DCF * 10.9% 73 127,493 130,080

31 December 2023

Power Plants Valuation Date Valuation
Method
Weighted
Average
Cost of
Capital
Average
MCP for
Next
Year
(USD)
Gross
Generation
Volume
Realized in
2023
(MWh/Year)
Expected
Future
Gross
Generation
Volume
(MWh/
Year)
Dalaman I-V HPP 13 March 2024 DCF * %11.2 89 61,354 79,692
Akıncı HPP 13 March 2024 DCF * %11.1 89 419,585 367,316
Aksu HPP 13 March 2024 DCF * %11.1 73 112,435 91,199
Gökyar HPP 13 March 2024 DCF * %11.2 89 19,856 23,173
Toros HPP 13 March 2024 DCF * %11.1 89 113,657 186,389
Feslek HPP 13 March 2024 DCF * %11.2 89 5,642 10,882
Koyulhisar HPP 13 March 2024 DCF * %11.2 89 243,691 211,299
Mentaş HPP 13 March 2024 DCF * %11.1 89 78,388 98,802
Bereket I-II HPP 13 March 2024 DCF * %11.3 89 9,636 10,328
Göktaş HPP 13 March 2024 DCF * %11.1 89 454,710 685,212
Çırakdamı HPP 13 March 2024 DCF * %11.1 89 132,616 114,241
Dereli HPP 13 March 2024 DCF * %11.1 73 138,576 116,542
Yalova WPP 13 March 2024 DCF * %10.5 73 140,618 136,960
Söke WPP 13 March 2024 DCF * %10.5 73 151,991 207,348
Uşak WPP 13 March 2024 DCF * %10.6 73 180,293 256,562
Uşak SPP 13 March 2024 DCF * %11.6 73 87,872 135,507

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

2 Basis of presentation of consolidated financial statements (continued)

2.9 Significant accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions (continued)

B. Deferred tax assets for the carry forward tax losses

Deferred tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences, while deferred tax assets resulting from deductible temporary differences are recognized to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary difference can be utilized.

2.10 Revenue

The operations of the Group entities are regulated under Electricity Market Law No. 6446, the Regulation on Electricity Market License of EMRA, the Electricity Market Balancing and Settlement Regulation ("BSR") and other related legislative provisions.

Electricity sales is recognised as revenue at the time of electricity delivery, on an accrual basis. In the case of revenue from feed-in-tariff ("FIT"), sale of electricity is recorded based upon output delivered at rates specified under FIT. In the case of revenue from other than FIT, sale of electricity is again recorded based upon output delivered but at market rates.

With EMRA's board decision dated March 17, 2022 and numbered 10866, "Procedures and Principles Regarding the Determination and Implementation of Resource Based Support Fee" was published. Pursuant to this decision, the Maximum Settlement Price (MSP) has been determined for the resource types used in the generation of electricity and is applied as a ceiling price in the electricity sales price for power plants not covered by FIT. The MSP is updated on a monthly basis by taking into account the commodity prices that are inputs to energy production and other parameters deemed appropriate by the Board in addition to one or more of the inflation and exchange rate parameters.

The MSP mechanism has been expired on 1 October 2023.

The company, related parties Gediz Elektrik Perakende A.Ş. ("Gediz EPSAŞ") and Aydem Elektrik Perakende A.Ş. ("Aydem EPSAŞ") sells electricity to companies within the scope of bilateral agreements. Bilateral agreements are commercial agreements made between real or legal persons, subject to the provisions of private law, regarding the purchase and sale of electrical energy or capacity and not subject to the approval of the Energy Market Regulatory Board. In bilateral agreements, conditions related to the supply of electrical energy such as unit price, price commitment, security fee conditions, contract duration are determined and signed.

2.11 Seasonal changes in operations

The Group's activities are not subject to seasonal fluctuations.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

3 Cash and Cash Equivalents

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, cash and cash equivalents are as follows:

31 December
2024
31 December
2023
Cash at banks
- Time deposits
- Demand deposits
Other cash and cash equivalents
1,744,252,833
1,741,138,315
3,114,518
343,654
2,011,698,240
2,010,612,368
1,085,872
-
1,744,596,487 2,011,698,240

As of 31 December 2024, the interest rate of the Group's term TL denominated time deposits amounting is between 40% to 48,5%, average maturity 3 days. (31 December 2023: between 20% and 41%, average maturity 20 days). US Dollars denominated time deposits amounting interest rate is between 0.01% to 2,25%, average maturity 4 days. (31 December 2023: between 2% and 4%, average maturity 9 days). Euro denominated time deposits amounting interest rate is 1%, average maturity 3 days. (31 December 2023: 1,5%, average maturity 3 days).

As of 31 December 2024, the Group's blocked deposit amount is TL 10,042,000 and USD 2,843,000. (December 31, 2023: USD 3,864,317).

4 Segment reporting

4.1 Statement of financial position

Financial information is provided on a power plant-by-power plant basis to members of executive management, which collectively comprise the chief operating decision maker. The information provided to the members of the executive management includes results or operation, valuation gains and losses on power plants, assets and liabilities of each power plant. The individual properties are also monitored based on type of power plants such as Hydro, Wind, Geothermal and Solar. The Group management considers that it is appropriate to report the segments based on this aggregation, to monitor the financial performance.

Group management assesses segment performance over earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"). EBITDA is calculated by adjusting the operating income by depreciation and amortization expenses.

Company management preferred to use EBITDA in the evaluation of department performances in terms of comparability with companies in the same sector. EBITDA is not a measure of financial performance defined in TFRS. It may not be comparable to similar indicators defined by other companies.

The accounting policies adopted by each of the reportable segments are consistent with TFRS' used in preparation of consolidated financial statements of the Group. The detailed information regarding the reporting segments of Group is presented below:

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

4 Segment reporting (continued)

4.1 Statement of financial position (continued)

31 December
2024
Hydro Power Plants Wind Power Plants Geothermal Power Plant Solar Power Plant Other Unallocated * Consolidated
Segment assets 37,249,520,158 9,485,347,161 - 2,004,871,114 198,202,414 7,483,622,831 56,421,563,678
Segment liabilities 16,589,320,686 2,046,006,716 - 1,697,287,589 - 8,723,871,218 29,056,486,209
31 December 2023 Hydro Power Plants Wind Power Plants Geothermal Power Plant Solar
Power Plant
Other Unallocated * Consolidated
Segment assets 56,473,061,853 12,531,743,468 - 3,391,459,629 233,882,496 7,654,246,293 80,284,393,739
Segment liabilities 19,813,120,606 2,443,606,861 - 2,027,121,203 - 14,678,221,574 38,962,070,244

* Includes assets and liabilities which are not attributable to a reportable segment such as cash, trade receivables, other assets, trade payables, other liabilities, tax assets and liabilities, etc.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

4 Segment reporting (continued)

4.2 Statement of profit or loss

1 January Hydro Power Wind Power Geothermal Solar
Power
Total Renewable
31 December
2024
Plants Plants Power Plant Plant Energy Unallocated * Consolidated
Revenues
-
Revenues from Feed in Tariff (FIT)
-
Other than FIT
4,245,561,416
355,477,731
3,890,083,685
1,895,436,747
1,895,436,747
-
39,518,956
-
39,518,956
403,060,468
403,060,468
-
6,583,577,587
2,653,974,946
3,929,602,641
-
-
-
6,583,577,587
2,653,974,946
3,929,602,641
Cost of Sales
Operational Expenses/Income (incl. Other Expense and Income)
(3,124,541,533)
-
(1,516,688,148)
-
(36,223,177)
-
(193,711,197)
-
(4,871,164,055)
-
(105,882,407)
328,389,516
(4,977,046,462)
328,389,516
Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) 1,121,019,883 378,748,599 3,295,779 209,349,271 1,712,413,532 222,507,109 1,934,920,641
Add-back, Depreciation & Amortization Expenses 1,894,874,650 857,062,245 - 139,211,339 2,891,148,234 117,644,860 3,008,793,094
Earnings
Before
Interest,
Taxes,
Depreciation
and
Amortization (EBITDA) **
3,015,894,533 1,235,810,844 3,295,779 348,560,610 4,603,561,766 340,151,969 4,943,713,735
Gains from Investing Activities
Expenses from investing activities
Finance Income
Finance Expense
Monetary gain/(loss)
Tax Expense
Depreciation & Amortization Expenses
-
-
-
-
-
-
(1,894,874,650)
-
-
-
-
-
-
(857,062,245)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(139,211,339)
-
-
-
-
-
-
(2,891,148,234)
72,837,321
(19,085,752,527)
948,134,890
(7,088,688,620)
7,330,445,969
4,117,823,961
(117,644,860)
72,837,321
(19,085,752,527)
948,134,890
(7,088,688,620)
7,330,445,969
4,117,823,961
(3,008,793,094)
Net Loss
for the Period
(11,770,278,365)

* Includes head office costs and expenses which is not attributable to a reportable segment. Operational expenses mainly consist of personnel expenses. Operational income is mainly composed of foreign exchange income related to trading activities.

** EBITDA is calculated by adjusting the operating income by depreciation and amortization expenses.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

4 Segment reporting (continued)

4.2 Statement of profit or loss (continued)

Total
1 January Hydro Power Wind Power Geothermal Solar
Power
Renewable
31 December
2023
Plants Plants Power Plant Plant Energy Unallocated* Consolidated
Revenues 6,924,634,778 1,878,336,809 47,404,060 330,407,850 9,180,783,497 - 9,180,783,497
-
Revenues from Feed in Tariff (FIT)
1,615,455,464 1,112,816,563 - - 2,728,272,027 - 2,728,272,027
-
Other than FIT
5,309,179,314 765,520,246 47,404,060 330,407,850 6,452,511,470 - 6,452,511,470
Cost of Sales (3,497,383,585) (1,391,388,020) (48,655,485) (187,265,877) (5,124,692,967) (88,737,302) (5,213,430,269)
Operational Expenses/Income (incl. Other Expense and Income) - - - - - 446,906,797 446,906,797
Earnings Before Interest and Taxes (EBIT) 3,427,251,193 486,948,789 (1,251,425) 143,141,973 4,056,090,530 358,169,495 4,414,260,025
Add-back, Depreciation & Amortization Expenses 2,075,845,621 717,999,337 - 127,099,341 2,920,944,299 153,881,527 3,074,825,826
Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization
(EBITDA) **
5,503,096,814 1,204,948,126 (1,251,425) 270,241,314 6,977,034,829 512,051,022 7,489,085,851
Gains from Investing Activities
Expenses from investing activities
- - - - -
-
441,355,938
(5,289,447,370)
441,355,938
(5,289,447,370)
Finance Income - - - - - 1,507,182,208 1,507,182,208
Finance Expense - - - - - (19,048,931,971) (19,048,931,971)
Monetary gain/(loss) - - - - -
Tax Expense - - - - - 13,686,945,664 13,686,945,664
Depreciation & Amortization Expenses (2,075,845,621) (717,999,337) - (127,099,341) (2,920,944,299) 2,440,442,075 2,440,442,075
(153,881,527) (3,074,825,826)
Net Loss for the Period (1,848,193,431)

* Includes head office costs and expenses which is not attributable to a reportable segment. Operational expenses mainly consist of personnel expenses. Most of operational income is composed of foreign exchange income related to trading activities.

** EBITDA is calculated by adjusting the operating income by depreciation and amortization expenses.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

5 Related party disclosures

Aydem Holding A.Ş. ("Aydem Holding") is the ultimate parent company and controlling party of the Group.

Transactions with related parties are classified according to the following groups and include all related party disclosures in this note.

    1. Ultimate parent and its subsidiaries
    1. Other companies controlled by the shareholders of Aydem Holding and other key persons.

Since the transactions between the Group and its subsidiaries, which are related parties of the Group, are eliminated during consolidation, they are not disclosed in this note.

The shareholders, key management personnel and members of the Board of Directors, their families and partners and entities controlled by the ultimate shareholders are considered and referred to as related parties in the consolidated financial statements. The Group companies have carried out various transactions with related parties during their operations.

Trade receivables from related parties generally arise from sale of electricity. Trade payables to related parties generally arise from the electricity purchases. The company, related parties Gediz Elektrik Perakende A.Ş. ("Gediz EPSAŞ") and Aydem Elektrik Perakende A.Ş. ("Aydem EPSAŞ") sells electricity to companies within the scope of bilateral agreements. Bilateral agreements are commercial agreements made between real or legal persons, subject to the provisions of private law, regarding the purchase and sale of electrical energy or capacity and not subject to the approval of the Energy Market Regulatory Board. In bilateral agreements, conditions related to the supply of electrical energy such as unit price, price commitment, security fee conditions, contract duration are determined and signed.

Other receivables from related parties arise from sale of subsidiary shares and amounts arisen from operational activities. At the end of each quarter period for other receivables and payables interest is accrued using market interest rates, which are determined using the Group external cost of borrowing.

5.1 Related party balances

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, short-term trade receivables due from related parties are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
2,454,352,636
329,896,482
- 665,401
2,784,914,519
2,421,554,330
710,099,845
3,131,654,175

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

5 Related party disclosures (continued)

5.1 Related party balances (continued)

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, short-term other receivables due from related parties are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Aydem Holding A.Ş. ("Aydem Holding") (1) *
Aydem EPSAŞ (1)
109,766,904
-
124,968,966
801,283,102
109,766,904 926,252,068

* Mainly consists of receivables related to the sale of 50% shares belonging to Yalova Karacabey.

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, short-term trade payables due to related parties are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Aydem Holding (1) 32,479,228 10,086,598
GDZ Enerji Yatırımları A.Ş. ("GDZ Enerji") (1) 6,603,772 4,322,223
Adm EDAŞ (1) 2,400,668 1,970,297
Other 738,804 131,713
42,222,472 16,510,831

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, long-term other payables to related parties are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Aydem EPSAŞ (1) - 72,770,079
- 72,770,079

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

5 Related party disclosures (continued)

5.2 Related party transactions

For the period ended 31 December 2024 and 2023, income and expense transactions with related parties are as follows:

Electricity Sales and Other Sales 1 January
31 December
2024
1 January
31 December
2023
Gediz EPSAŞ (1)
Aydem EPSAŞ (1)

Parla Solar (1)
Other
3,159,554,348
1,466,583,270
-
536,409
7,097,964,147
3,571,719,284
152,060,805
2,231,051
4,626,674,027 10,823,975,287

* Consists of electricity sales within the bilateral agreements.

In the period ending on 31 December 2024, since the spot electricity market price was higher than MSP and the sales price of FIT, the difference was paid to Enerji Piyasaları İşletme A.Ş. ("EPİAŞ").

Purchase of Electricity and Services 1 January
31 December
1 January
31 December
2024 2023
Aydem Holding (1) 185,108,890 400,691,948
Aydem EPSAŞ (1) 235,698,652 367,411,006
Gediz EPSAŞ (1) 56,743,477 125,950,417
GDZ Enerji (1) 63,997,293 46,607,287
Adm EDAŞ (1) 26,355,215 -
Other 4,928,793 7,634,539
572,832,320 948,295,197
Other Income, net 1 January
31 December
2024
1 January
31 December
2023
Aydem EPSAŞ (1) *
Gediz EPSAŞ (1) *
473,644,749
295,791,470
1,126,101,757
468,808,735
Aydem Holding (1) 87,508,714 25,525,784
Parla Solar (1) 35,706,177 -
892,651,110 1,620,436,276

* Consists of net foreign exchange income and late interest income regarding trade receivables.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

5 Related party disclosures (continued)

5.2 Related party transactions (continued)

Financial Income 1 January
31 December
2024
1 January
31 December
2023
Aydem EPSAŞ (1)
Gediz EPSAŞ (1)
Aydem Holding (1)
Aydem Enerji Yatırımları (1)
107,002,536
22,087,794
11,442,371
7,751,994
88,236,416
24,841,637
8,047,689
-
148,284,695 121,125,742

The executive management of the Group is comprised of general manager and directors. For the period ended 31 December 2024 and 2023, the sum of short-term benefits, such as remuneration and attendance fees, provided to key management executives personnel is as follows:

1 January
31 December
2024
1 January
31 December
2023
Benefits to key management personnel 47,376,422 53,960,540
47,376,422 53,960,540

6 Trade receivables and payables

Short term trade receivables

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, the Group's short-term trade receivables are as follows:

31 December
2024
31 December
2023
Trade receivables due from related parties (Note 5)
Trade receivables due from third parties
3,131,654,175
37,105,992
2,784,914,519
114,409,277
3,168,760,167 2,899,323,796
Less: Expected credit loss (7,096,567) (10,195,632)
3,161,663,600 2,889,128,164

As of December 31, 2024, the average maturity of trade receivables is 45 days (December 31, 2023: 45 days).

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023 short-term receivables consist of the following items:

31 December
2024
31 December
2023
Trade receivables related to electricity sales
Income accruals related to electricity sales
*
Doubtful trade receivables
Allowances for doubtful trade receivables
3,161,313,664
349,936
7,096,567
(7,096,567)
2,814,452,712
74,675,452
10,195,632
(10,195,632)
3,161,663,600 2,889,128,164

* Consists of electricity sales and ancillary income within the bilateral agreements.

** Consists of the Group's unbilled receivables arising from the electricity sales.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

6 Trade receivables and payables (continued)

Short term trade receivables (continued)

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, The Group has overdue trade receivables and that receivables have not been impaired. The aging of trade receivables is as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Not overdue 970,125,686 607,479,027
1-30 days past due 430,058,197 243,223,962
1-3 months past due 859,123,039 764,456,534
3-12 months past due 902,356,678 1,273,968,641
3,161,663,600 2,889,128,164

The liquidity and exchange rate risk that the Group is exposed in relation with trade receivables are explained under Footnote 24

The movement of expected credit loss for the period ended 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

2024 2023
Opening balance (1 January) 10,195,632 17,028,107
Current provision 283,785 -
Provisions no longer required (264,343) (181,818)
Inflation effect (3,118,507) (6,650,657)
Closing balance (31 December) 7,096,567 10,195,632

Short term trade payables

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, the Group's short-term trade payables are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Trade payables from third parties 187,228,218 565,627,156
Trade payables due from related parties (Note 5) 42,222,472 16,510,831
229,450,690 582,137,987

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, short-term trade payables from third parties consist of the following items:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Trade payables 136,083,295 475,526,316
Expense accruals 51,144,923 90,072,945
Other trade payables - 27,895
187,228,218 565,627,156

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

7 Other receivables and payables

Other short-term receivables

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, the Group's short-term other receivables are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Other receivables due from related parties (Note 5)
Other receivables due from third parties
109,766,904
45,300,824
926,252,068
20,825,029
155,067,728 947,077,097

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, short-term other receivables from third parties consist of the following items:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Receivables from tax administration 45,122,746 20,679,259
Deposits & guarantees given 178,078 145,770
45,300,824 20,825,029

Other long-term receivables

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, other long-term receivables from third parties consist of the following items:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Other receivables due from third parties 5,396,665 4,709,745
5,396,665 4,709,745

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

7 Other receivables and payables (continued)

Other short-term payables

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, the Group's short-term other payables are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Other payables due to third parties 236,740 340,841
236,740 340,841

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, other short-term payables to third parties consist of the following items:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Deposits and guarantees taken 235,709 340,321
Other payables 1,031 520
236,740 340,841

8 Inventories

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, inventories are composed of spare parts for property, plant and equipment:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Spare parts * 20,405,704 30,422,646
20,405,704 30,422,646

* Inventories consist of spare parts used in the maintenance of power plants and consumable materials.

As of 31 December 2024, there is no insurance coverage on the Group's inventories (31 December 2023: None).

As of 31 December 2024, there are no inventories presented as collateral for liabilities (31 December 2023: None).

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

9 Property, plant and equipment and right of use assets

9.1 Property, plant and equipment

The ending 31 December 2024 and 2023, movements of property, plant and equipment are as follows:

Construction in
Land Power plants progress * Other Total
Cost or valuation as of 1 January 2024 50,698,287 97,842,019,822 1,798,048,320 289,432,774 99,980,199,203
Additions - 112,946,283 554,046,387 19,950,362 686,943,032
Disposals - (106,275,226) (433,355,413) (145,046) (539,775,685)
Transfers - 95,797,068 (95,797,068) - -
Impairment** (31,471,303,291) (31,471,303,291)
Cost or valuation as of 31 December 2024 50,698,287 66,473,184,656 1,822,942,226 309,238,090 68,656,063,259
Accumulated depreciation as of 1 January
2024 - (29,587,542,634) - (211,741,777) (29,799,284,411)
Additions - (2,836,651,895) - (21,768,053) (2,858,419,948)
Disposals - 49,516,475 - 113,412 49,629,887
Impairment** - 10,505,732,174 - - 10,505,732,174
Accumulated depreciation as of 31
December 2024 - (21,868,945,880) - (233,396,418) (22,102,342,298)
Net book value as of 31 December 2024 50,698,287 44,604,238,776 1,822,942,226 75,841,672 46,553,720,961

* An application was made to the Energy Market Regulatory Authority for the termination of the production licenses of Ey-Tur and Başat, subsidiaries of Aydem Yenilenebilir Enerji A.Ş. The termination request was approved by the board decision dated June 13, 2024. Based on the decision, the amount of TL 492,431,338 in the construction in progress account was recognized under expenses from investment activities. (Note 21)

Construction in
Land Power plants progress * Other Total
Cost or valuation as of 1 January 2023 50,698,287 102,784,890,388 1,985,207,485 269,549,657 105,090,345,817
Additions - 138,551,500 2,949,884,900 20,015,641 3,108,452,041
Disposals - (652,588) (437,026,402) (132,524) (437,811,514)
Transfers * - 2,700,017,663 (2,700,017,663) -
Value increase - 1,690,576,475 - - 1,690,576,475
Impairment** - (9,471,363,616) - - (9,471,363,616)
Cost or valuation as of 31 December 2023 50,698,287 97,842,019,822 1,798,048,320 289,432,774 99,980,199,203
Accumulated depreciation as of 1 January 2023 - (29,836,041,291) - (192,050,139) (30,028,091,430)
Additions - (2,878,000,119) - (19,747,980) (2,897,748,099)
Disposals - 153,262 - 56,342 209,604
Value increase - (492,647,944) - - (492,647,944)
Impairment** - 3,618,993,458 - - 3,618,993,458
Accumulated depreciation as of 31 December
2023 - (29,587,542,634) - (211,741,777) (29,799,284,411)
Net book value as of 31 December 2023 50,698,287 68,254,477,188 1,798,048,320 77,690,997 70,180,914,792

* Mainly consists of investments regarding hybrid solar and capacity increase.

9 Property, plant and equipment and right of use assets (continued)

9.1 Property, plant and equipment (continued)

As of 31 December 2024, there are pledges and mortgages on property, plant and equipment of the Group amounting to USD 1,248,750,000 in original currencies (31 December 2023: USD 1,248,750,000 in original currencies) in favor of lenders.

Total depreciation expense of property, plant and equipment amounting to TL 2,836,651,895 (31 December 2023: TL 2,878,000,119) has been reflected to cost of sales and amounting to TL 21,768,053 (31 December 2023: TL 19,747,980) has been reflected to general administration expense.

**One of the most important reasons for the impariment is the negative gap between the USD/TL exchange rate and the CPI, which became significant with inflation accounting, a practice specific to the relevant period. While the USD/TL parity, which is the basis for the Turkish Lira equivalent of power plant assets valued in US Dollars, increased by 20% compared to the previous year, the CPI used to update the previous year's valuation in inflation accounting was 44%. Another reason is the fluctuations in macroeconomic assumptions and energy prices. There was a negative difference between the energy prices and expectations that were the basis for the valuation studies used in the financial statements of December 31, 2023, and the energy prices and expectations in the current year. Energy prices, which were high worldwide, especially in Europe, due to cyclical developments in the past period, moved downwards in the period on which the valuation report used in the financial statements of December 31, 2024, was based, and this situation negatively affected the power plant value.

The Group determined that the power plants constitute a separate class of property, plant and equipment, based on the nature, characteristics and risks of the property and as also mentioned in Note 2, elected to use revaluation method for such assets.

The Company applied the "Income Reduction Method- DCF Analysis" in its valuation and impairment studies. Given that long-term electricity market prices are the most important factor in the "DCF Analysis," the Company collaborated with an independent consultant providing services to companies operating in the energy market. When determining long-term electricity prices, the most important inputs in the model were the forecasted trends in demand, capacity, capacity factor development, electricity export & import trends, and coal prices. The most important assumptions in the income reduction method are, respectively, electricity prices, projected production volume, weighted average cost of capital, discount rate, and exchange rates. The Company does not expect significant changes in the forecasts and assumptions used in the valuation reports. In the income reduction method, the Company discounted its estimated revenues based on the useful life of the power plants.

The results of the sensitivity calculation for a possible 1% decrease or increase in the estimated electricity prices for the company are as follows:

31.12.2024 31.12.2023
Value of power plant assets 44,604,238,776 68,254,477,188
Total value with 1% decrease in electricity prices
Rate of change
41,906,248,774
(6.0%)
64,371,328,723
(5.7%)
Total value with 1% increase
in electricity prices
Rate of change
47,098,155,090
5.6%
72,217,717,369
5.8%

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

9 Property, plant and equipment and right of use assets (continued)

9.1 Property, plant and equipment (continued)

The results of the sensitivity calculation for a possible 1% decrease or increase in the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the company are as follows:

31.12.2024 31.12.2023
Value of power plant assets 44,604,238,776 68,254,477,188
Total value with 1% decrease in WACC 42,748,427,161 65,214,578,551
Rate of change (4.2%) (4.5%)
Total value with 1% increase
in WACC
46,478,242,593 71,506,225,327
Rate of change 4.2% 4.8%

9.2 Right of use assets

The Group has lease contracts for various items of plant, machinery, vehicles, land right of use and other equipment used in its operations.

For the period then ended as of 31 December 2024, movements of right of uses is as follows:

Cost as of 1 January 2024 597,413,322
Additions 50,440,237
Cost as of 31 December 2024 647,853,559
Accumulated depreciation as of 1 January 2024 (230,516,710)
Additions (81,856,269)
Accumulated depreciation as of 31 December 2024 (312,372,979)
Net book value as of 31 December 2024 335,480,580

For the period then ended as of 31 December 2023, movements of right of uses is as follows:

Cost as of 1 January 2023 498,403,507
Additions 99,009,815
Cost as of 31 December 2023 597,413,322
Accumulated depreciation as of 1 January 2023 (123,784,672)
Additions (106,732,038)
Accumulated depreciation as of 31 December 2023 (230,516,710)
Net book value as of 31 December 2023 366,896,612

Total depreciation expense of right of uses amounting to TL 59,653,628 (31 December 2023: 83,783,431) has been reflected to cost of sales and amounting to TL 22,202,641 (31 December 2023: TL 22,948,607) has been reflected to general administration expense.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

10 Intangible assets

As of 5 May 2017, the Company has signed a Transfer of Operating Rights Agreement ("Agreement") with the Privatization Administration and the Electricity Generation Corporation ("EÜAŞ") for Adıgüzel and Kemer Hydroelectric Plants. According to the agreement, the Company obtained the operating rights of the plants for 49 years and is responsible for the transfer of EÜAŞ at the end of the period in a complete and a functional state. During the contract period, the Company has to carry out all the maintenance, repairs and improvements which are necessary to ensure the convenience and efficiency of the plants for the generation activity, at their own expense. The Company is responsible for any damages and losses that may occur in the generation facilities in general referred as "Power Plants". During the contact period; the Company has to perform all kinds of additional facilities, the investment for rehabilitation and development in accordance with the legislation, and will obtain the approval of EÜAŞ during the works and procedures to be carried out within this framework. In addition, the company must obtain approval from EÜAŞ in case it wants to make investments and transactions for capacity changes.

As of the transfer date, it is EÜAŞ's responsibility to monitor and solve the administrative, legal disputes regarding the ownership of the immovable on which plants are located and the immovable in use, that are available now or will arise after the transfer date and all responsibilities and obligations arising from this matter.

Intangible assets related to agreements are amortized until the end of the related contract period.

Although the Company has the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from use of the asset, it does not have the right to manage the use of power plants according to Article 7 of the contract signed with the EÜAŞ. Therefore, the contract has not been considered as a lease contract under TFRS 16, On the other hand, the Agreement is not accounted within the scope of TFRIC 12 Service Concession Agreements because although the residual interest of the power plants belongs to EÜAŞ, EÜAŞ does not control at what price electricity will be sold.

Licences Operating rights Softwares Total

Cost as of 1 January 2024 53,828,415 2,801,141,802 38,802,859 2,893,773,076
Additions 3,504,109 - - 3,504,109
Cost as of 31 December 2024 57,332,524 2,801,141,802 38,802,859 2,897,277,185
Accumulated depreciation as of 1 January 2024 (34,305,991) (381,107,728) (29,126,703) (444,540,422)
Additions (9,875,805) (57,166,162) (1,474,910) (68,516,877)
Accumulated depreciation as of 31 December 2024 (44,181,796) (438,273,890) (30,601,613) (513,057,299)
Net book value as of 31 December 2024 13,150,728 2,362,867,912 8,201,246 2,384,219,886
Licences Operating rights Softwares Total
Cost as of 1 January 2023 44,940,608 2,801,141,802 37,683,638 2,883,766,048
Additions 8,887,807 - 1,119,221 10,007,028
Cost as of 31 December 2023 53,828,415 2,801,141,802 38,802,859 2,893,773,076
Accumulated depreciation as of 1 January 2023 (23,001,800) (323,941,566) (27,251,367) (374,194,733)
Additions (11,304,191) (57,166,162) (1,875,336) (70,345,689)
Accumulated depreciation as of 31 December 2023 (34,305,991) (381,107,728) (29,126,703) (444,540,422)

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, movements of intangible assets are as follows:

Amortization expense of intangible assets amounting to TL 57,166,160 (31 December 2023: TL 57,166,160) has been reflected to cost of sales and amounting to TL11,350,715 (31 December 2023: TL 13,179,527) has been reflected to general administrative expenses.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

11 Provisions, contingent assets and liabilities

11.1 Short-term provisions

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, the breakdown of short-term provisions are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Short-term provisions for employee benefits 87,203,840 63,818,505
Provision for litigations 15,500,634 19,823,897
102,704,474 83,642,402

Short-term provisions for employee benefits consist of unused vacation days provisions and premium provisions.

The movement table of unused vacation days provisions is as follows:

2024 2023
Opening balance (1 January) 22,081,952 17,882,236
Net change in provision within the period 12,052,016 15,195,734
Inflation effect (8,560,066) (10,996,018)
Closing balance (31 December) 25,573,902 22,081,952

The movement table of premium provisions is as follows:

2024 2023
Opening balance (1 January) 41,736,553 35,877,098
Net change in provision within the period 38,364,840 27,014,227
Inflation effect (18,471,455) (21,154,772)
Closing balance (31 December) 61,629,938 41,736,553

Other short-term provisions consist of provisions for ongoing litigations of the Group,

The movement table is as follows:

2024 2023
Opening balance (1 January) 19,823,897 29,643,054
Net change in provision within the period 1,989,177 2,183,378
Inflation effect (6,312,440) (12,002,535)
Closing balance (31 December) 15,500,634 19,823,897

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

11 Provisions, contingent assets and liabilities (continued)

11.2 Contingent liabilities

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, the Group's collateral/pledge/mortgage ("CPM") balances are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Currency TL Amount TL Amount
A, Guarantees given in the name of its own legal TL - -
personality* US Dollars 44,056,274,625 53,075,011,220
B, Guarantees given on behalf of the fully TL - -
consolidated companies
C, Total amount of CPM's given to other 3rd
parties for the purpose of carrying out their
TL - -
ordinary commercial activities
D, Other guarantees
i, Guarantees given on behalf of the majority
shareholder
TL -
-
-
-
ii, Guarantees given to on behalf of other group
companies which are not in scope of B and C,
TL - -
iii, Guarantees given on behalf of third parties
which are not in scope of C,
- -
Total 44,056,274,625 53,075,011,220

* On 2 December 2021, within the scope of the Eurobond, movable pledge was established on the Company's movable assets to form the guarantee of the bond issuance.

The Company are subject to litigation and regulatory proceedings in the normal course of the business. From time to time, The Company may be a party to legal proceedings, including, but not limited to, personal injury claims, commercial disputes, regulatory or administrative actions and employment matters. These proceedings may be brought by, among others, current, former or prospective employees, suppliers, governmental agencies or other third parties.

  • Administrative fines and other administrative sanctions for all structures, with the decision of the Dalaman, Ortaca and Köyceğiz Municipal Committees, for alleged violation of the reconstruction legislation due to the absence of a building permit for Dalaman HPP 1-2-3-4-5 and Gökyar HPPs, Since these administrative actions are against the law and HPPs are public investments, they are exempt from construction permits. For this reason, lawsuits have been filed by the Company to the Administrative Courts for the cancellation of the transactions. As a result of the proceedings conducted by the courts, in 95 of these cases, the court decisions regarding the cancellation of the transaction in favor of the Company were notified to the Company, the court was decided one case rejected the transaction. Of the decisions given for the annulment of the aforementioned administrative transactions, in only 1 case, the request for annulment was rejected. Of the decisions on the annulment of administrative actions, 13 are under appeal at the Council of State and in 95 cases the annulment decisions have been finalized. The Company does not foresee any legal and financial risk in the form of any payment or penalty due to the administrative sanction decisions of the municipalities that have been decided to be cancelled.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

11 Provisions, contingent assets and liabilities (continued)

11.2 Contingent liabilities (continued)

Within the scope of the authority granted by the Electricity Market Law, EMRA has decided on the Procedures and Principles Regarding the Determination and Implementation of Resource Based Support Fee ("Procedures and Principles") dated 17 March 2022 and numbered 10866. With the Board Decision dated 29 March 2022 and numbered 10887, amendments were made to the Procedures and Principles. Accordingly, it has been ruled that fixed price and approved bilateral agreements entered into the market management system, which is an operating system where all contracts in the market are entered for 1 February and later, before 8 March 2022 may be exempted if they are submitted to Enerji Piyasaları İşletme A.Ş. ("EPİAŞ") together with the information and documents specified in the Procedures and Principles. According to the regulation, the bilateral agreements that are included in the scope of exemption will not be subject to the support price debt amount application. Following the Company's exemption application, which was duly submitted in due time within the scope of the Procedures and Principles, after the necessary information and documents were examined by EPİAŞ, the Company was notified by official letter that the Company's exemption application was accepted. In the following period, the Company performed the bilateral agreement transactions regarding the exemption in accordance with the relevant Procedures and Principles. At the end of the first 6-month implementation period of April - September 2022, with EMRA's Board Decision dated 29 September 2022 and numbered 11269, paragraph 1 of Article 7 of the Procedures and Principles was amended to enter into force on 1 October 2022. With the amended version of the article, the term "fixed price bilateral agreements" has been extended to include agreements up to the final consumer. On 13 January 2023, EMRA Board Decision dated 12 January 2023 and numbered 11574-13 was notified to the Company. In the aforementioned Board Decision, it was stated that it was determined that the Company had unjustly failed to pay the support fee debt amounts amounting to (not inflation accounted applied) TL 264,859,740 in the April-September 2022 period and it was decided to collect these amounts. Taking into account the precedent decisions in this regard, the Company reserves its legal rights with the assessment that if this retroactive decision is cancelled, the unlawful administrative action will be eliminated retroactively. In accordance with the agreements, the Company will reflect the additional costs that may arise regarding the transactions made within the scope of bilateral agreements to Gediz Elektrik Perakende Satış A.Ş., one of the group companies.

As of 31 December 2023, in accordance with the EMRA Board Decision dated 12 January 2023 and numbered 11574-13, the Company has made refund to EPİAŞ amounting to (not inflation accounted applied) TL 437,451,586 (including late fee and VAT) and reflected the same amount to Gediz EPSAŞ in accordance with the bilateral agreement. There is no impact on the financial statements related to this issue.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

11 Provisions, contingent assets and liabilities (continued)

11.3 Letters of guarantees received and guarantees given

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Currency TL equivalent TL equivalent
Guarantees given * TL 403,979,856 396,159,646
Total 403,979,856 396,159,646

* Guarantees given, in general, are comprised of the letters of guarantees given to the several institutions and organizations within the operations of the Group (to Energy Market Regulatory Authority ("EMRA"), Turkish Electricity Transmission Company ("TEİAŞ"), privatization administration and to the judicial authorities for some of the on-going lawsuits.

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Currency TL equivalent TL equivalent
Guarantees received * TL 30,582,098 23,553,603
Guarantees received * EURO 7,268,257 9,103,652
Guarantees received ** US Dollars 4,112,176,592 5,305,997,032
4,150,026,947 5,338,654,287

* Guarantees received against the risk of failure to provide the services to be received from suppliers.

** Letters of guarantees received from Aydem EPSAŞ and Gediz EPSAŞ for electricity trade and regarding power plant investments.

11.4 Long term provisions

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, the long-term provisions are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Provisions for retirement pay liability 88,504,467 98,987,807
88,504,467 98,987,807

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, movements of provisions for retirement pay liability are as follows:

2024 2023
Opening balance (1 January) 98,987,807 82,650,770
Service cost 7,718,633 9,175,273
Interest cost 19,954,210 13,791,846
Retirement payments paid (16,266,778) (11,082,682)
Actuarial loss/(gain) 14,393,040 48,742,049
Inflation effect (36,282,445) (44,289,449)
Closing balance (31 December) 88,504,467 98,987,807

11 Provisions, contingent assets and liabilities (continued)

11.4 Long term provisions (continued)

TFRS require actuarial valuation methods to be developed to estimate the enterprise's obligation under defined benefit plans. Accordingly, the following actuarial assumptions have been used in the calculation of the total liability. Related rates have been presented by considering the weighted average of actuarial assumptions of the subsidiaries within the scope of consolidation.

The main actuarial assumptions used as of 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Expected interest in the coming years % 27.15 25
Expected inflation in the coming years % 21.95 21
Expected
probability
of
leaving
without
compensation in the coming years %
4.26 3.56

The sensitivity analysis of the important assumptions used in the calculation of the provision for employee termination benefits is as follows:

Discount rate Possibility of separation
%0,50 increase %0,50 decrease %0,50 increase %0,50 decrease
31 December 2024 (4,281,139) 4,673,492 1,193,581 (1,150,814)
31 December 2023 (3,096,447) 3,380,275 829,700 (798,048)

12 Liabilities for employee benefits

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, short-term payables related to employee benefits are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Social security withholdings payable 11,421,814 16,597,336
Payables to personnel 1,098,247 388,568
12,520,061 16,985,904

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

13 Other current, non-current assets and other liabilities

13.1 Other current assets

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, other current assets are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Advances to personnel 136,740 42,356
Short-term deferred value added tax (''VAT'') 20,104 19,131
156,844 61,487

13.2 Other non-current assets

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, other non-current assets are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Long-term deferred VAT 36,873,586 47,974,011
36,873,586 47,974,011

13.3 Other short-term liabilities

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, other liabilities are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Taxes and funds payable 108,245,493 142,383,660
Other 124,194 4,753,944
108,369,687 147,137,604

14 Share capital

Paid-in capital

The Company adopter the registered share capital system available to companies registered to the CMB and set a limit on its registered share capital representing registered type shares with a nominal value of kurus1, Registered and issued share capital of the Company is a follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Limit on registered share capital 2,000,000,000 2,000,000,000
Issued share capital in nominal value 705,000,000 705,000,000
Adjustment to share capital 6,560,967,699 6,560,967,699

Companies in Turkey may exceed the limit on registered share capital in the event of the issuance of bonus shares to existing shareholders.

As of 31 December 2024, the Group's paid-in capital is divided into 705,000,000 shares (31 December 2023: 705,000,000 shares), each with a nominal value of TL 1. The ultimate shareholder of the Group is Aydem Holding Anonim Şirketi, whose controlling individual shareholder is Ceyhan Saldanlı. Shareholding structure is given in Note 1.

Legal reserves

According to the Turkish Commercial Code ("TCC"), legal reserves are comprised of first and second legal reserves. The first legal reserves are generated by annual appropriations amounting to 5 percent of income disclosed in the Company's statutory accounts until it reaches 20 percent of paid-in share capital. If the dividend distribution is made in accordance with Dividend Distribution Communiqué II-19.1, a further 1/10 of dividend distributions, in excess of 5 percent of paid-in capital is to be appropriated to increase second legal reserves. If the dividend distribution is made in accordance with statutory records, a further 1/11 of dividend distributions, in excess of 5 percent of paid-in capitals are to be appropriated to increase second legal reserves. Under the TCC, the legal reserves can be used only to offset losses and are not available for any other usage unless they exceed 50 percent of paid-in capital. At 31 December 2024, legal reserves of the Group amounted to TL 237,952,730 (31 December 2023: TL 199,118,506).

Dividend distribution

Companies distribute their profits in accordance with their dividend policy determined by the General Assembly and with General Assembly resolution in accordance with provisions of the relevant legislation. According to the Turkish commercial code, legal reserves can only be distributed as dividends after they reached 50% of the company's paid in capital or issued share capital. Accordingly the Group determined its dividend distribution policy in line with the communique. Companies pay dividends according to their articles of association or dividend distribution policy. In addition, dividends may be paid in equal or different amount of installments, and cash dividend advances may be distributed over profit for the year period presented in financial statements.

14 Share capital (continued)

Share premium

Excess amount of selling price and nominal value for each share was recorded as share premium in equity.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company has gained TL 94,753,311 from the block sale of 5,733,502 shares purchased within the scope of the share buyback program with a price of TL 24.76 per share on December 23, 2022 at Borsa Istanbul. The inflation adjusted value of the related amount is TL 225,415,394.

5,000,000 shares of the Company with a nominal value of 1 TL were offered to the public on 29 April 2021 and were sold at TL 9.9 per share. The amount of TL 5,000,000 was used in the capital increase and the remaining TL 40,098,520 was recorded in the "Share Premium/(Discounts)" account. Expenses amounting to TL 4,401,480 incurred within the scope of initial public offering was deducted from "Share Premium/(Discount)" within the scope of TAS 32. The inflation adjusted value of the related amount is TL 202,221,374.

On April 16, 2019, in accordance with EMRA permission dated April 16, 2019, a total of 1,200 Düzce Aksu shares of Aydem Elektrik Perakende A.Ş. with a total value of TL 120,000,000 were taken over and the amount of TL 49,474,498 resulting from the transaction was recorded in the "Share Premium/(Discount)" account. The inflation adjusted value of the related amount is TL 324,235,929.

On December 31, 2020, the Company signed a share sale agreement to sell its 50% shares in Yalova RES Elektrik Üretim A.Ş. to Aydem Holding A.Ş. for TL 38,316,320. The Company has recognized the difference amounting to TL 1,845,320 between the value of the subsidiary disposed of and the fair value determined by independent valuation experts in equity. The inflation adjusted value of the related amount is TL 9,813,304.

Treasury Shares

As of December 31, 2023, within the scope of the share buyback program, shares were repurchased at an average price of TL 13.66 TL 83,423,193 related to the transaction was recorded under "Treasury Shares" account. The inflation adjusted value of the related amount is TL 169,191,401.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

14 Share capital (continued)

Treasury Shares (continued)

As at the end of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the comparative amounts of equity items prepared in accordance with Tax Procedural Law and TAS/TFRS are as follows:

Inflation
31 December 2024 Historical value Indexed value adjustment effect
Paid-in capital 705,000,000 7,265,967,699 6,560,967,699
Share premium / discount 186,171,649 761,686,001 575,514,352
Treasury shares (80,091,338) (169,191,401) (89,100,063)
Restricted reserves 123,781,283 237,952,730 114,171,447
934,861,594 8,096,415,029 7,161,553,435
Inflation
31 December 2023 Historical value Indexed value adjustment effect
Paid-in capital 705,000,000 7,265,967,699 6,560,967,699
Share premium / discount 186,171,649 761,686,001 575,514,352
Treasury shares (83,423,193) (172,523,256) (89,100,063)
Restricted reserves 84,947,059 199,118,506 114,171,447
892,695,515 8,054,248,950 7,161,553,435

15 Revenue

Details of revenue for the year ended 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

1 January 1 January
31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Revenues from electricity sales 6,583,577,587 9,180,783,497
- Revenues from feed in tariff (FIT) 2,653,974,946 2,728,272,027
- Other than FIT 3,929,602,641 6,452,511,470
6,583,577,587 9,180,783,497

Management monitor revenues into two categories due to its risk group: FIT and Other than FIT.

16 Cost of sales

Details of the cost of sales for the year ended 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

1 January 1 January
31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Cost of energy sales and generation (4,977,046,462) (5,213,430,269)
- Depreciation and amortization expenses (2,955,778,327) (3,018,949,714)
- Cost of energy sales and generation * (2,021,268,135) (2,194,480,555)
(4,977,046,462) (5,213,430,269)

* Cost of energy generation mainly includes costs of energy sales and generation, system usage and transmission costs, maintenance and repair expenses and personnel expenses.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

17 General and administrative expenses

The details of general administrative expenses for the year ended 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

1 January 1 January
31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Administrative expenses * (185,219,577) (395,285,652)
Personnel expenses (274,220,923) (328,185,038)
Depreciation and amortization expenses (53,014,767) (55,876,112)
Consultancy expenses (67,783,427) (49,563,812)
Tax, duties and fees expenses (21,767,461) (13,613,109)
Maintenance and repair expenses (8,123,132) (7,078,686)
Insurance charges (1,657,697) (2,516,997)
License and dues expenses (1,970,098) (2,409,329)
Other (29,917,731) (57,262,723)
(643,674,813) (911,791,458)

* Consists of expenses related to shared services received from Aydem Holding.

18 Expenses by nature

The details of expenses incurred for the year ended 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

1 January
31 December 2024
1 January
31 December 2023
Depreciation and amortization expenses (3,008,793,094) (3,074,825,826)
Costs of energy sales and generation (1,318,206,769) (1,618,099,650)
Personnel expenses (750,852,212) (714,760,039)
Administrative expenses (185,219,577) (395,285,652)
Consulting expenses (85,848,296) (62,409,007)
License and dues expenses (26,739,768) (39,296,568)
Other (245,061,559) (220,544,985)
(5,620,721,275) (6,125,221,727)

19 Other operating income and other operating expenses

Details of other operating income for the year ended 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

1 January
31 December 2024
1 January
31 December 2023
Foreign exchange income arising from operating activities, net 345,363,372 1,197,956,074
Interest income from commercial trasactions 476,153,609 289,005,198
Reversal of ECL provisions 264,343 181,818
Compensation from insurances 122,988,848 -
Other 44,606,816 32,766,823
989,376,988 1,519,909,913

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

19 Other operating income and other operating expenses (Continued)

Details of other operating expenses for the year ended 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

1 January
31 December 2024
1 January
31 December 2023
Donations (2,221,614) (109,884,916)
Litigation expenses (1,989,177) (32,036,792)
Interest expense on trade transactions (11,685,684) (17,520,786)
Expenses related to allowance for trade receivables (283,785) -
Other (1,132,399) (1,769,164)
(17,312,659) (161,211,658)

20 Financial income and expense

The details of finance income for the year ended 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

1 January 1 January
31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Foreign exchange income arising from financing activities 345,162,309 1,014,089,036
Income arising from Eurobond buy-back - 188,135,438
Interest income 454,630,019 157,095,506
Interest income from related parties 148,334,404 121,125,742
Income from derivative transactions - 19,886,859
Other 8,158 6.849.627
948,134,890 1,507,182,208

The details of financial expenses for the year ended 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

1 January 1 January
31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Foreign exchange losses arising from financing activities (3,429,646,588) (9,334,399,559)
Foreign exchange losses transferred from equity (1,281,740,501) (7,134,090,358)
Bond interest expenses (2,175,758,502) (2,540,045,149)
Bank commission and other expenses (35,190,545) (21,994,204)
Unwinding of discount on long term payables (143,984,224) -
Right of use obligations interest expenses (Note 23) (22,368,260) (18,402,701)
(7,088,688,620) (19,048,931,971)

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

21 Income & expense from investing activities

The details of gains from investing activities for the year ended 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

1 January
31 December 2024
1 January
31 December 2023
Currency protected deposit income 882,206 344,042,311
Income from sale of investment properties - 64,067,272
Securities sales income 30,917,826 25,930,873
Gains on financial investments presented at fair value 40,173,314 -
Gains on sales of tangible fixed assets 534,190 5,904,900
Gains from investing rent 329,785 1,011,796
Gains on scrap sales - 398,786
72,837,321 441,355,938

The details of losses from investing activities for the year ended 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

1 January
31 December
2024
1 January
31 December 2023
Impairment of fixed asset
Losses arising from impairment of investments in progress*
(18,688,110,281)
(392,385,512)
(5,112,895,394)
-
Loss on sale of property, plant and equipment (5,256,734) (176,551,976)
(19,085,752,527) (5,289,447,370)

*An application was made to the Energy Market Regulatory Authority for the termination of the production licenses of Ey-Tur and Başat, subsidiaries of Aydem Yenilenebilir Enerji A.Ş. The termination request was approved by the board decision dated June 13, 2024. Based on the decision recognized under expenses from investment activities.

22 Taxation on income

Corporation Tax

The Group is subject to corporation tax applicable in Turkey. The corporate tax rate is generally 25%, Corporate tax rate to be accrued on the taxable corporate income is determined by adding the expenses that cannot be deducted from the tax base in the determination of the commercial income and deducting gains from the tax, non-taxable income and other discounts (previous year losses, if any, and investment discounts used, if preferred).

In Turkey, provisional tax is calculated and accrued on a quarterly basis. The provisional tax rate that should be calculated on corporate earnings during the taxation phase of 2023 corporate earnings as of temporary tax periods is 25% (31 December 2023: 25%).

Losses can be carried forward for a maximum of 5 years to be deducted from future taxable profits. However, losses cannot be deducted retrospectively from the profits of previous years.

There is no clear and definitive agreement on tax assessment procedures in Turkey. Companies file their tax returns between 1-25 April following the close of the accounting year to which they relate. These declarations and the accounting records that are the basis of these declarations can be examined and changed by the Tax Office within 5 years.

Deferred Tax

The Group recognizes deferred tax assets and liabilities based upon temporary differences arising between its financial statements as reported for TFRS purposes and its statutory tax financial statements. These differences usually result in the recognition of revenue and expenses in different reporting periods for TFRS and tax purposes.

Income withholding tax

There is a withholding tax liability on dividend distributions and this withholding tax liability is accrued in the period in which the dividend payment is made. Dividend payments other than those made to nonresident corporations which have a place of business or permanent representative in Turkey and resident corporations are subject to withholding tax at the rate of 15%. In the application of withholding tax rates for dividend payments to non-resident corporations and real persons, the withholding tax rates in the related Double Tax Treaty Agreements are also taken into consideration. Allocation of retained earnings to capital is not considered as profit distribution and therefore not subject to withholding tax.

Transfer pricing arrangements

In Turkey, the transfer pricing provisions of the Corporate Tax Law "disguised profit distribution via transfer pricing" is stated in Article 13 entitled. The communiqué of 18 November 2007 on disguised profit distribution through transfer pricing regulates the details of the application.

If the taxpayer purchases or sells goods or services at a price or price that they determine in contradiction with the principle of conformity with peers, the gain is deemed to be completely or partially distributed implicitly through transfer pricing. Disguised profit distribution through such transfer pricing is considered an unacceptable expense for corporate tax.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

22 Taxation on income (continued)

Transfer pricing regulations

Transfer pricing is disclosed in the 13th clause of the Corporate Tax Law under the heading "veiled shifting of profit" via transfer pricing. The application details are stated in the "general communiqué regarding veiled shifting of profits via transfer pricing" published on 18 November 2007. Veiled shifting of profits via transfer pricing will not be deducted from tax assessment for the purposes of corporate tax.

Disguised capital

The provisions on disguised capital are regulated under Article 12 of the Corporate Tax Law and accordingly, the portion of all kinds of debts obtained directly or indirectly from shareholders or persons related to shareholders and used in the enterprise exceeding three times the beginning-of-period equity capital of the corporation at any time during the accounting period is considered as disguised capital for the relevant accounting period.

In order for the debts used in the enterprise to be considered as implicit capital;

  • Obtained directly or indirectly from a shareholder or a person related to a shareholder,
  • Use in business,
  • It must exceed three times the institution's equity at any time during the accounting period.

Tax expense

The income tax for the years ended 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

1 January
31 December 2024
1 January
31 December 2023
Deferred tax income/(expense) 4,117,823,961 2,440,442,075
4,117,823,961 2,440,442,075

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

22 Taxation on income (continued)

Reconciliation of effective tax rate

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, the reported tax provision is different from the amount calculated using the statutory tax rate on profit before tax. The reconciliation of tax expense / income is as follows:

1 January 1 January
31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Period profit / loss (11,770,278,365) (1,848,193,431)
Tax income/(expenses) 4,117,823,961 2,440,442,075
Profit/(Loss) before taxation (15,888,102,326) (4,288,635,506)
Tax calculated with the company's legal tax rate 3,972,025,582 1,072,158,877
Non-taxable inflation adjustments (2,291,520,141) (4,160,526,217)
Effect of use of different tax rate - (638,151,807)
Non-deductible expenses (48,742,207) (215,358,216)
Tax exemption 255,109,253 70,524,401
The effect of tax losses which no deferred tax recognized (320,885,239) (132,870,129)
The reversal effect of tax losses which were previosly
recognized (1,211,747,031) -
In accordance with the provisions of the TPL, inflation
arising from inflation accounting deferred tax effect of
temporary differences - 2,362,209,714
Monetary gain or loss and other 3,763,583,744 4,082,455,452
Tax income/(expense) 4,117,823,961 2,440,442,075

Deferred tax assets and liabilities

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, the movement of deferred tax liability is as follows:

2024 2023
Opening balance (1 January) 8,863,219,543 10,967,682,607
Recognized in other comprehensive income (601,847,168) 335,979,011
Recognised in profit or loss (4,117,823,961) (2,440,442,075)
Closing balance (31 December) 4,143,548,414 8,863,219,543

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

22 Taxation on income (continued)

Deferred tax assets and liabilities

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, the breakdown of deferred tax liabilities and assets is as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Increase / decrease in value of tangible assets (5,484,812,612) (12,066,431,656)
Property, plant and equipment and intangible assets (5,412,231) (133,033,138)
Amortized cost adjustment for financial borrowings (42,480,420) (104,219,950)
Rediscount on payables 29,595,447 (5,755,072)
Provision for litigation 3,875,160 4,955,976
Provisions for retirement pay liability 26,870,343 27,886,273
Expensing of foreign exchange differences related to
prepaid expenses 47,754,497 48,648,815
Expensing capitalized borrowing costs 1,312,051,268 1,602,478,630
Deferred tax asset from carry forward tax losses - 1,749,505,476
Other (30,989,866) 12,745,103
Deferred tax liabilities (4,143,548,414) (8,863,219,543)

The breakdown of the unused tax loss carryforwards of the Group and its subsidiaries are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Deferred tax Deferred tax
Recognized Not recognized Recognized Not recognized
Expire in 2024 - - 26,293,295 -
Expire in 2025 - 59,159,030 59,159,030 -
Expire in 2026 - 2,406,815,885 2,406,815,885 -
Expire in 2027 - 156,512,065 156,512,065 -
Expire in 2028 - 2,488,404,904 2,198,207,840 -
Expire in 2029 - 1,283,540,958 - -
- 6,394,432,842 4,846,988,115 -

The Group has not recognized deferred tax asset over the unused tax loss carryforwards as of 31 December 2024 due to the significant uncertainities in the projection of the taxable profits in under the Tax Provision Law.

23 Financial liabilities

23.1 Issued bond liabilities

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, terms and conditions of financial liabilities are as follows:

31 December 2024
Currency Effective
interest rate
Maturity for the
latest payment
Original
currency amount
Short-term Long-term
USD 8.63% 2027 687,436,385 6,337,816,887 17,958,797,217
6,337,816,887 17,958,797,217
31 December 2023
Currency Effective
interest rate
Maturity for the
latest payment
Original
currency amount
Short-term Long-term
USD 8.63% 2027 682,740,150 2,158,530,424 26,859,640,646
2,158,530,424 26,859,640,646

The Group on the Irish Stock Exchange issued USD 750,000,000 with a maturity of 5.5 years, coupon payments every 6 months, principal and coupon payments at maturity, annual fixed interest rate of 7.75%, on 2 August 2021. With the amount obtained through the bond issuance, the entire loan debt of the Company to the banks has been repaid, and the remaining amount is going to be used for the investments in line with the Company's growth strategy.

Between 11 May 2022 and 31 October 2023, USD 75,893,000 of the said bond was buyback transactions and the related amount was accounted for by deducting the amortized cost using the effective interest rate and the total bond amount.

The repayments of the bond and debt instruments agreements according to their original maturities as of 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
To be paid within 3 months 3,280,046,510 1,101,843,524
To be paid within 3-12 months 3,057,770,377 1,056,686,900
To be paid in 1-2 year 5,498,883,302 7,006,387,115
To be paid in 2-3 year 12,459,913,915 6,078,955,240
To be paid in 3-4 year - 13,774,298,291
24,296,614,104 29,018,171,070

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

23 Financial liabilities (continued)

23.1 Issued bond liabilities (continued)

The movement of financial liabilities for the period ended 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

2024 2023
Opening balance (1 January) 29,018,171,070 31,371,999,481
Repayment of financial liabilities * - (1,205,063,868)
Interest accrued in the period 2,175,758,502 2,506,433,652
Interest paid (1,970,246,366) (2,281,025,994)
Exchange rate differences accrued in the period 4,711,387,089 10,417,804,502
Exchange rate differences subjected to cash flow
hedge, accounted in OCI 115,535,211 (1,083,404,943)
Inflation effect (9,753,991,402) (10,708,571,760)
Closing balance (31 December) 24,296,614,104 29,018,171,070

* Repurchase amount related to bond issuance.

23.2 Lease liabilities

The repayments of the lease liabilities according to their original maturities as of 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
To be paid within a year 32,230,199 24,003,392
To be paid in 1-5 years 15,105,437 15,227,083
To be paid over 5 years 27,201,936 39,446,532
74,537,572 78,677,007

For the period then ended as of 31 December 2024 and 2023, movements of lease of uses is as follows:

2024 2023
Lease Liabilities (1 January) 78,677,007 72,742,077
Additions 50,440,237 99,009,815
Accretion of interest 22,368,260 18,402,701
Payments (51,557,437) (59,545,584)
Inflation effect (25,390,495) (51,932,002)
Lease Liabilities (31 December) 74,537,572 78,677,007

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

24 Nature and level of risks arising from financial instruments

Financial instruments and financial risk management

The Group may be exposed to the following risks depending on the use of financial instruments:

  • Credit risk
  • Liquidity risk
  • Market risk
  • Operational risk

This note provides information on the Group's exposure to the risks outlined above, the Group's objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing risk, and the Group's management of capital.

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk that a customer or a counterparty will fail to fulfil its obligations under the contract and is mainly attributable to customer receivables. The carrying values of financial assets represent the maximum exposure to credit risk.

The maximum credit risk the Group is exposed to as of 31 December 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

Receivables
31 December 2024 Trade receivables Other receivables Cash and cash
Related parties Other
parties
Related
parties
Other
parties
equivalents
Maximum exposure to credit
risk as of reporting date
(A+B+C+D+E)
3,131,654,175 30,009,425 109,766,904 50,697,489 1,744,596,487
- Secured part of the maximum
credit risk exposures via collateral
etc.
3,131,654,175 - - - -
A. Net book value of financial
assets those are neither overdue
nor impaired
940,116,261 30,009,425 109,766,904 50,697,489 1,744,596,487
B. Net book value of assets that
are overdue but not impaired
2,191,537,914 - - - -
C. Net book value of impaired
financial assets
- - - - -
- Overdue (gross carrying
amount)
- 7,096,567 - - -
- Impairment amount (-) - (7,096,567) - - -
- Secured portion covered
with guarantees, etc
- - -
- Overdue (gross carrying
amount)
- - - - -
- Impairment amount (-) - - - - -
- Secured portion covered
with guarantees, etc
- - - - -
D. Off-balance sheet items
including risk
- - - - -

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

24 Nature and level of risks arising from financial instruments (continued)

Credit risk (continued

Receivables
31 December 2023 Cash and cash
equivalents
Trade receivables Other receivables
Related parties Other
parties
Related
parties
Other
parties
Maximum exposure to credit
risk as of reporting date
(A+B+C+D+E)
2,784,914,519 104,213,645 926,252,068 25,534,774 2,011,698,240
- Secured part of the maximum
credit risk exposures via
collateral etc.
2,784,914,519 - - - -
A. Net book value of financial
assets those are neither
overdue nor impaired
503,265,382 104,213,645 926,252,068 25,534,774 2,011,698,240
B. Net book value of assets
that are overdue but not
impaired
2,281,649,137 - - - -
C. Net book value of impaired - - - - -
financial assets
- Overdue (gross carrying
amount)
- 10,195,632 - - -
- Impairment amount (-) - (10,195,632) - - -
- Secured portion covered - - -
with guarantees, etc
- Overdue (gross carrying - - - - -
amount)
- Impairment amount (-) - - - - -
- Secured portion covered - - - - -
with guarantees, etc
D. Off-balance sheet items
including risk
- - - - -

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

24 Nature and level of risks arising from financial instruments (continued)

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not be able to meet its financial liabilities in the future. The Group's liquidity risk is managed by providing sufficient financing facilities from various financial institutions in a way that does not harm or damage the Group's reputation in order to fund the current and future debt requirements under normal conditions or in crisis situations.

As at 31 December 2024 and 2023, the maturity of financial liabilities including estimated interest payments according to the payment schedule is as follows:

Contractual
31 December 2024 Book value cash outflow 0-3 months 3-12 months 1-5 years > 5 years
Non-derivative financial liabilities
Financial liabilities 24,296,614,104 27,518,455,950 3,305,788,531 3,213,464,729 20,999,202,690 -
Financial lease liabilities (TFRS 16) 74,537,572 201,534,600 10,190,097 47,959,779 51,194,125 92,190,599
Trade payables to related parties 42,222,472 42,222,472 42,222,472 - - -
Trade payables to third parties 187,228,218 187,228,218 141,354,364 45,873,854 - -
Total 24,600,602,366 27,949,441,240 3,499,555,464 3,307,298,362 21,050,396,815 92,190,599
Contractual
31 December 2023 Book value cash outflow 0-3 months 3-12 months 1-5 years > 5 years
Non-derivative financial liabilities
Financial liabilities 29,018,171,070 35,312,653,908 1,110,235,559 1,110,235,559 33,092,182,790 -
Financial lease liabilities (TFRS 16) 78,677,007 231,303,236 6,787,243 31,092,355 53,870,189 139,553,449
Other long term payables to related parties 72,770,079 251,694,571 - - - 251,694,571
Trade payables to related parties 16,510,831 16,510,831 16,510,831 - - -
Trade payables to third parties 565,627,156 565,627,156 564,131,285 1,495,871 - -

Market risk

Market risk; The risk of changes in the money market, such as exchange rates, interest rates or the prices of instruments traded in the securities markets, may change the Group's income or the value of its financial assets. Market risk management aims to optimize return while controlling market risk exposure within acceptable limits.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

24 Nature and level of risks arising from financial instruments (continued)

Currency risk

While the Group's functional currency is Turkish Lira, the Group is exposed to foreign exchange risks. The Group has outstanding US Dollar debt instruments due to power plant investments. The Group also realizes significant USD indexed sales within the scope of the Feed-in Tariff.

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, the foreign currency position of the Group arises from foreign currency assets and liabilities stated in the table below.

31 December 2024
Original Amounts
TL Equivalent US Dollars EUR
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents 342,318,044 9,694,057 8,406
Financial investments 787,779,816 22,329,170 -
Other receivables from related parties 109,766,892 3,111,280 -
Trade receivables from related parties 1,297,190,092 36,761,983 5,888
Total Asset 2,537,054,844 71,896,490 14,294
Liabilities
Short-term and long-term financial liabilities (24,296,614,104) (687,436,385) -
Short-term trade payables to third parties (23,417,682) (460,541) (195,166)
Total liabilities (24,320,031,786) (687,896,926) (195,166)
Foreign currency liability position (21,782,976,942) (616,000,436) (180,872)
Amounts subject to cash flow hedge accounting * 20,254,667,192 574,107,000 -
Net foreign currency position after cash flow hedge (1,528,309,750) (41,893,436) (180,872)
31 December 2023
Original Amounts
TL equivalent
(functional currency)
(historical values)
TL equivalent
(functional currency)
(historical values)
US Dollars EUR
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents 406,475,704 281,534,259 9,303,295 235,219
Financial investments 904,719,425 626,629,120 21,286,258 -
Trade receivables from third parties 123,383,388 85,458,123 2,902,967 -
Other receivables from related parties 2,841,469,579 1,968,066,047 66,770,418 75,678
Total Asset 4,276,048,096 2,961,687,549 100,262,938 310,897
Liabilities
Short-term and long-term financial liabilities (29,018,171,069) (20,098,641,084) (682,740,150) -
Short-term trade payables to third parties (356,309,023) (246,787,682) (8,197,504) (167,862)
Total liabilities (29,374,480,092) (20,345,428,766) (690,937,654) (167,862)
Foreign currency liability position (25,098,431,996) (17,383,741,217) (590,674,716) 143,035
Amounts subject to cash flow hedge accounting * 24,400,989,362 16,900,676,687 574,107,000 -
Net foreign currency position after cash flow hedge (697,442,634) (483,064,530) (16,567,716) 143,035

* Please refer to Note 2.8.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

24 Nature and level of risks arising from financial instruments (continued)

Currency risk (continued)

Sensitivity analysis

The Group is mainly exposed to foreign currency risk in USD Dollars. The following table details the Group's sensitivity to a 10% increase and decrease in US Dollars and Euro, 10% is the rate used to report the exchange rate risk within the Group to the executives and this rate indicates the possible change in the exchange rates expected by the management. The sensitivity analysis covers only foreign currency denominated monetary items at the end of the year and shows the effects of the 10% increase in foreign exchange rates of these items at the end of the year excluding tax effects. A positive value indicates an increase in profit or loss and other equity items.

Exchange rate sensitivity analysis table
31 December 2024
Increase in value of
foreign currency
Decrease in value of
foreign currency
If TL gains/losses 10% against US dollar
1- TL net assets / liabilities (2,173,268,017) 2,173,268,017
2- TL hedged portion (-) 2,025,466,719 (2,025,466,719)
3- TL net effect (1 + 2) (147,801,298) 147,801,298
If the TL gains/losses 10% against the Euro
4- TL net assets / liabilities (664,455) 664,455
5- TL hedged portion (-) - -
6- Net effect of TL (4 + 5) (664,455) 664,455
Total (3 + 6) (148,465,753) 148,465,753
Exchange rate sensitivity analysis table
31 December 2023
Increase in value of Decrease in value of
foreign currency foreign currency
If TL gains/losses 10% against US dollar
1- TL net assets / liabilities (1,738,840,042) 1,738,840,042
2- TL hedged portion (-) 1,690,067,669 (1,690,067,669)
3- TL net effect (1 + 2) (48,772,373) 48,772,373
If the TL gains/losses 10% against the Euro
4- TL net assets / liabilities 465,921 (465,921)
5- TL hedged portion (-) - -
6- Net effect of TL (4 + 5) 465,921 (465,921)
Total (3 + 6) (48,306,452) 48,306,452

24 Nature and level of risks arising from financial instruments (continued)

Capital risk managements

In managing capital, the Group's objectives are to maintain the Group's ability to continue to operate in order to maintain an optimal capital structure to provide returns to shareholders, benefits to other shareholders, and to reduce capital costs.

In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group determines the amount of dividend payable to shareholders.

The Group monitors capital on the basis of the net financial debt / equity ratio. Net financial debt is calculated by deducting cash and cash equivalents from total financial debt.

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, net financial liabilities/equity ratios are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Total financial liabilities * 24,296,614,104 29,018,171,070
Cash and cash equivalents (3,373,277,823) (2,916,417,662)
Net financial liabilities 20,923,336,281 26,101,753,408
Equity 27,365,077,469 41,322,323,495
76.46% 63.17%

* Includes issued bond liabilities (Note 23.1).

Fair value of financial instruments

When measuring the fair value of an asset or liability, the Company uses market observable inputs. Fair value measurements are categorised into different levels of the fair value hierarchy based on the information used in the valuation techniques described below.

  • Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in markets for identical assets or liabilities;
  • Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (as prices) or indirectly (derived from prices); and
  • Level 3: Inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

If the information used to measure the fair value of an asset or liability can be categorised into a different level of the fair value hierarchy, that fair value is categorised into the same level of the fair value hierarchy that includes the least significant information for the overall measurement.

The Company recognises transfers between levels in the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period in which the change occurs.

Fair value is the amount that would be realised in a sale transaction between two parties willing to exchange a financial asset, other than in a forced sale or liquidation, and is most readily measurable at fair value.

24 Nature and level of risks arising from financial instruments (continued)

Fair value of financial instruments (continued)

The Company has generally assumed that the carrying amounts of financial instruments with short remaining maturities or financial instruments that are initially recognised close to the reporting date approximate their fair values. It is also assumed that the fair value of foreign currency assets and liabilities within financial instruments, which are translated into Turkish Lira at the year-end exchange rate, approximates their carrying value.

However, since it is necessary to use judgement to determine the estimated fair value, fair value measurements may not reflect the values that may occur in current market conditions. Therefore, apart from the aforementioned assumptions, inputs that are not based on observable market data for financial assets or liabilities (unobservable inputs), which are used by the Company management in the use of judgement in fair value analysis, have been assessed within the scope of the classification defined as level 3 of the valuation method for the comparative fair value analysis of long-term financial liabilities.

As at 31 December 2024, the Company's central assets are measured at fair value determined by an independent professional valuation company using other valuation techniques that include direct or indirect observable inputs (Level 3).

Financial assets

The carrying values of financial assets including cash and cash equivalents which are accounted with their costs are estimated to be their fair values since they are short term.

The carrying values of trade receivables along with the related allowances for uncollectability are estimated to be their fair values.

Financial liabilities

The carrying values of trade payables are estimated to be their fair values since they are short term and leasing liabilities are estimated to be their fair values assuming that there is no significant change in the market prices of similar leases with the same maturity.

Derivative instruments

The Company uses derivative financial instruments (mainly foreign currency forward contracts) to hedge its foreign currency risk. Derivative financial instruments are measured at fair value at the contract date and remeasured at fair value at subsequent reporting dates. Changes in the fair value of derivative financial instruments are recognised in the statement of profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

25 Earnings per share

The calculation of basic and diluted Earnings per share for the period ended 31 December 2024 and 2023 were based on the profit attributable to ordinary shareholders and a weighted average number of ordinary shares as follows:

31 December
2024
31 December
2023
Numerator:
Income / (loss) for the period attributable to
owners of the company
(11,770,688,933) (1,848,193,431)
Denominator:
Weighted average number of shares
698,894,974 700,788,482
Basic and diluted profit /(loss) per share (16.84) (2.64)
Number of Time weighting
31 December 2024 shares (days)
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 1 January 2024 (Par Value: TL 1) 698,894,974 365
Weighted average for the period 698,894,974 365/365
Number of Time weighting
31 December 2023 shares (days)
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 1 January 2023 (Par Value: TL 1) 705,000,000 10
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 11 January 2023 704,814,974 13
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 24 January 2023 704,614,974 24
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 17 February 2023 704,414,974 5
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 22 February 2023 704,214,974 40
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 3 April 2023 703,914,974 1
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 4 April 2023 703,714,974 1
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 5 April 2023 703,614,974 1
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 6 April 2023 703,514,974 1
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 7 April 2023 703,414,974 3
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 10 April 2023 703,314,974 1
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 11 April 2023 703,214,974 6
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 17 April 2023 703,114,974 1
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 18 April 2023 703,014,974 1
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 19 April 2023 702,964,974 6
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 25 April 2023 702,894,974 1
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 26 April 2023 702,694,974 7
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 3 May 2023 702,394,974 6
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 9 May 2023 701,894,974 1
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 10 May 2023 701,394,974 1
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 11 May 2023 700,394,974 1
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 12 May 2023 699,394,974 42
Outstanding ordinary shares as of 21 June 2023 698,894,974 192
Weighted average for the period 700,788,482 365 / 365

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

26 Prepaid expenses

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, short term prepaid expenses as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Advances given for purchase orders 75,255,432 46,293,215
Prepaid expense for the following months 31,634,478 11,538,094
Job advances 185,322 272,775
107,075,232 58,104,084

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, long term prepaid expenses as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Advances given 288,225,069 393,454,785
288,225,069 393,454,785

27 Financial investments

As of 31 December 2024 and 2023, financial investments are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Restricted accounts 770,168,231 747,469,689
- Interest reserve account related to Eurobond * 770,168,231 747,469,689
Currency protected deposits - 157,249,733
Investment funds 858,513,105 -
1,628,681,336 904,719,422

* The Company shall, so long as any Note remains outstanding, fund the interest reserve account on a monthly basis and maintain the required balance given the amount of upcoming interest payment. The amount standing in the account will gradually increase and finally be equal to debt service amount on the date of debt service.

28 Independent audit fees and other fees related services received from independent audit firm

The Group's explanation regarding the fees for the services received from the independent audit firms, calculated based on purchasing power parity as of December 31, 2024, which is based on the letter of POA dated August 19, 2021, the preparation principles of which are based on the Board Decision published in the Official Gazette on March 30, 2021, are as follows:

31 December 2024 31 December 2023
Independent audit fees related to reporting period 5,185,110 2,552,212
Fees related to other assurance services 7,429,240 296,972
12,614,350 2,849,184

Notes to the consolidated financial statements for the year period ended 31 December 2024 (Amounts expressed in terms of the purchasing power of the Turkish Lira ("TL") as of December 31, 2024, unless otherwise indicated.)

29 Monetary gain

1 January
31 December
2024
Balance sheet items 6,839,800,779
Tangible and intangible fixed assets 22,027,579,431
Right of use assets 113,060,500
Prepaid expenses 69,029,933
Paid-in capital (2,233,394,262)
Restricted reserves (61,204,529)
Premiums/discounts on shares (234,125,063)
Treasury shares 53,029,750
Deferred tax liabilities (2,724,353,381)
Accumulated other comprehensive income and expenses not to be reclassified to profit or loss (591,260,771)
Accumulated other comprehensive income and expenses to be reclassified to profit or loss 5,474,940,465
Retained earnings (15,053,501,294)
Profit or loss statement items 490,645,190
Revenue (1,001,325,755)
Cost of sales 582,886,178
General administrative expenses 89,818,625
Other income/expenses from operating activities (172,682,024)
Income/expenses from investing activities (596,593)
Financing income/expenses 992,544,759
7,330,445,969

30 Events after the reporting period

On February 3, 2025, USD 93,532,346 was transferred to be transferred to the relevant investor accounts for the payment of coupon number 7 and principal payment of the bonds with a nominal value of USD 750 million and a maturity of 5.5 years.

As explained in Note 5, the Group has trade receivables from related parties of TL 2,421,554,330 from Aydem Elektrik Perakende Satış A.Ş. and TL 710,099,845 from Gediz Elektrik Perakende Satış A.Ş. as of 31 December 2024. The Group has collected TL 2,629,902,097 from Aydem Elektrik Perakende Satış A.Ş. and TL 747,094,551 from Gediz Elektrik Perakende Satış A.Ş. in the subsequent period.

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