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Antioquia Gold Inc. Management Reports 2021

May 1, 2021

44093_rns_2021-04-30_ddad1dc9-c54a-4fe5-b9eb-ec6323e35986.pdf

Management Reports

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Form 51-102F1 MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

For the year ended December 31, 2020

The following Management's Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) of Antioquia Gold Inc. (the “Company” or “Antioquia”) should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2020 and the notes thereto. The Company’s audited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). Unless otherwise stated, all amounts discussed herein are denominated in Canadian dollars. This MD&A was prepared as of April 28, 2021 and all information is current as of such date. Readers are encouraged to read the Company’s public information filings on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

This discussion provides management's analysis of Antioquia’s historical financial and operating results and provides estimates of Antioquia’s future financial and operating performance based on information currently available. Actual results will vary from estimates and the variances may be significant. Readers should be aware that historical results are not necessarily indicative of future performance.

ANTIOQUIA BUSINESS

Antioquia Gold Inc. (the “Company” or “Antioquia”) is a mineral Company engaged in operation of primarily gold resource properties in Colombia. The Company has an office in Toronto, Canada with operations and office and field facilities located in Colombia. The Company trades on the TSX-V under the symbol “AGD” and on the OTC pink sheets.

The Company’s primary focus is the operation of its Cisneros underground gold operation (“Cisneros Operation”) consisting of two underground mines and a process plant located outside Medellin, Colombia, along with exploring and developing additional properties. The Company controls a total of 17,147.59 hectares of mineral leases in the Cisneros Operation area. Commercial production was declared on March 1, 2019.

Additional information relating to Antioquia, Antioquia’s business and activities, including Antioquia’s most recently filed annual information form, can be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on the Company’s website at www.antioquiagoldinc.com.

1

CORPORATE HISTORY, BACKGROUND AND GENERAL DEVELOPMENT

Antioquia was formerly known as High American Gold Inc. which was originally formed pursuant to an amalgamation agreement dated April 25, 1997 involving Stromatalite Resource Corp. and Intex Mining Company Limited.

On July 30, 2008, Antioquia Gold Inc. completed a transaction (the “Am-Vest Transaction”) with AmVes Resources Inc. (“Am-Ves”), a company incorporated under the laws of Alberta on January 19, 2006. On July 30, 2008, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of Am-Ves. This transaction was accounted for as a reverse takeover where the shareholders of Am-Ves acquired control of Antioquia. On March 31, 2009 Antioquia and AmVes were amalgamated under the laws of Alberta and now operate under the name Antioquia Gold Inc.

As part of the Am-Ves Transaction, 6,129,100 common shares issued to certain shareholders of Am-Ves were placed into escrow pursuant to an escrow agreement entered into among the Company, certain shareholders, and the Company’s transfer agent and became subject to a staggered release from escrow over a period of three years. The final 15% held in escrow were released on August 5, 2011.

On March 24, 2016 Antioquia continued under the laws of British Columbia.

The Company owns 100% of Antioquia Gold Ltd., a Barbados company, which in turn has a branch registered to conduct business in Colombia, South America. On December 2, 2009, the Company completed the 100% acquisition of Ingenieria y Gestion Del Territorio S.A. (“IGTER”), a company incorporated under the laws of Colombia. All the mineral exploration activities of the Company are in Colombia.

In October 2015, the Company started the construction phase of the Cisneros project, which consists of two underground mines (Guaico and Guayabito), a 500 tpd treatment plant, tailing deposit and 10 km pipeline.

The Company has been testing and optimizing the processing plant since January 1, 2019, and successfully completed the ramp up schedule with recovery rates and concentration ratios within the estimated design parameters for the current phase. On March 1, 2019, the Company declared the successful start of production at the Cisneros Mine in Antioquia, Colombia. The Company continues to further optimize production.

It should be noted that with the decision to proceed with construction and mining of the Cisneros project, on the basis of a Preliminary Economic Assessment (as compared to a pre-feasibility or a feasibility study), there is increased uncertainty and higher risk of economic and technical failure associated with the Company’s decision. Production and economic variables may vary considerably, due to the absence of a pre-feasibility or a feasibility study prepared in accordance with NI 43-101 standards. In particular, there is additional risk that mineral volumes and grades will be lower than management expected and the risk that construction or ongoing mining operations will be more difficult or more expensive than management expected. Project failure may materially adversely impact the Company’s future profitability, its ability to repay existing loans, and its overall ability to continue as a going concern.

Qualified Persons

Dr. Roger Moss, a Qualified Person under National Instrument 43-101 Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects of the Canadian Securities Administrators, has approved the scientific and technical disclosure in this Management Discussion and Analysis.

Accomplishments during the year ended December 31, 2020

For the year ended December 31, 2020, 20,301 ounces of gold were produced at the Cisneros Operation. An average of 585 tonnes were processed per day with a 96.8% average recovery during the period.

2

A summary of the monthly production results is given in the table below:

Jan-20 Feb-20 Mar-20 Apr-20 May-20 Jun-20 Jul-20 Aug-20 Sep-20 Oct-20 Nov-20 Dec-20 Total /
Average
Mineral processed
(Dry tonnes)
Feed grade (g/t Au)
Gold produced (oz)
Total recovery (%)
Days worked
Average processed
(Dry tonnes/Day)
Gold sold (oz)
14,349
2.60
1,155
%
96.4
31
463
1,389
8,936
2.27
625
%
95.9
29
308
875
12,081
3.02
1,133
%
96.5
31
390
331
13,329
3.25
1,349
%
96.9
30
444
1,417
11,077
4.19
1,446
%
96.9
31
357
1,333
14,262
4.20
1,857
%
96.5
30
475
1,276
17,216
4.27
2,292
%
97.0
31
555
2,073
25,190
2.69
2,094
%
96.0
31
812
2,017
22,012
2.73
1,873
%
97.1
30
733
2,234
29,919
2.42
2,264
%
97.2
31
965
1,956
23,022
2.26
1,619
%
96.7
30
767
2,068
22,546
3.64
2,595
%
98.3
31
727
1,442
213,940
3.05
20,301
%
96.8
366
585
18,413
For the three
months ended
Dec 31,
2020
2019
For the years ended
2020
2019
2018
Mineral processed (Dry tonnes)
75,488
43,066
Feed grade (g/t Au)
2.74
2.23
Gold produced (oz)
6,477
2,914
Total recovery (%)
%
97.4
%
94.4
Days worked
92
92
Average processed (Dry tonnes/Day)
821
468
Gold sold (oz)
5,466
3,172
213,940
163,789
-
3.05
2.47
-
20,301
12,265
-
%
96.8
%
93.8
-
366
345
-
585
475
-
18,413
11,332
-

Mining assets

The Company’s only asset is its Cisneros Operation, covering 17,147.59 hectares, located 55 kilometers northeast of Medellin in the Department of Antioquia, Colombia. The property is subject to a 3.2% royalty payable to the Colombian government and is comprised of 12, 100% owned mining concessions with individual royalties as follows:

Area Royalty Concession Area (ha)
Number
Guayabito Guayabito 1% L5671005 178.35
La Manuela Chapulin - H7175005 35.67
Guaico - 7175B 2.20
Guaico - 1498 20.31
Chorrera - L5419005 42.45
PachoLuis Papi - ILD-14271 103.71
Troncocito Guayabito - 4655005 4.74
Bullet Santa Gertrudis - B7342B005 277.90
Santo Domingo - B7342005 4,964.99
Gramalote Guayabito Sur - 6187b 13.94
Guayabito Sur - 6195 154.21
Gramalote Guadualejo - 6195 5,245.01
Gramalote Cantayas - 6195 515.63
Gramalote La Palma - 6194 5,588.48
TOTAL 17,147.59

3

SELECTED OPERATING AND FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Selected audited annual information for the three months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, and for the three most recently completed years, are as follows:

$CAD 000’s except ounce, per ounce, in USD
and per share data
For the three
months ended
Dec 31,
2020
2019
For the years ended
2020
2019
2018
Operating data (Currency: CAD)
Gold produced (ounces)
6,477
2,914
Gold sold (ounces)
5,466
3,172
Average realized gold price ($/oz sold) (1)
2,305
1,876
Total cash costs ($/oz sold) (1)
1,858
2,089
All-in sustaining costs ($/oz sold) (1)
2,258
2,354
All-in costs ($/oz sold) (1)
2,280
2,493
Operating data (Currency: USD)
Average realized gold price ($/oz sold) (1)
1,769
1,411
Total cash costs ($/oz sold) (1)
1,426
1,571
All-in sustaining costs ($/oz sold) (1)
1,733
1,770
All-in costs ($/oz sold) (1)
1,750
1,875
Financial data (Currency: CAD)
Revenue
13,272
5,967
Cost of sales
12,384
6,688
Income (loss) from mine operations
888
(721)
Exploration and evaluation expenditures (3)
119
(82)
General and administrative expenses
823
776
Foreign exchange (gain) loss
(161)
143
EBITDA (1)
2,281
(2,274)
Adjusted EBITDA (1)(2)
1,651
(1,337)
Income (loss) from operations
107
(1,558)
Interest expense and other (income) expense
2,285
1,703
Current income tax expense
1,530
518
Net loss
(3,708)
(3,779)
Net loss per share, basic and fully diluted
0.00
0.00
Balance sheet (Currency: CAD)
Total assets
Working capital deficit
20,301
12,265
-
18,413
11,332
-
2,295
1,782
-
1,517
1,859
-
1,731
2,034
-
1,800
2,189
-
1,711
1,340
-
1,131
1,399
-
1,290
1,530
-
1,342
1,647
-
43,905
20,250
-
37,488
27,241
-
6,417
(6,991)
-
1,259
1,763
1,861
2,338
1,825
2,210
(19)
251
(462)
12,533
(5,339)
(3,119)
13,279
(2,445)
(1,729)
2,839
(10,830)
(3,609)
7,359
5,940
(379)
1,530
518
-
(6,050)
(17,288)
(3,230)
(0.01)
(0.02)
0.00
124,893
118,212
110,798
(115,429)
(111,488)
(89,912)

(1) Non-IFRS performance measures. For more information, see the "Non-IFRS Measures" section.

(2) Comparative information for Adjusted EBITDA has been recalculated to conform to current period’s presentation.

(3) Exploration and evaluation expenditures have been incurred and expensed.

4

SELECTED QUARTERLY INFORMATION

The Company began to receive revenue following commencement of commercial production in March 2019. Up until commercial production, the Company was in an exploration and development phase.

Production

A total of 6,477 ounces of gold were produced during Q4 2020 compared to 2,914 ounces of gold during Q4 2019. The increase is mainly due to the higher processing capacity at the plant as well as better grades. During Q4 2020 the plant processed 75,488 tonnes compared to 43,066 tonnes in Q4 2019. Gold grades increased in Q4 2020 to 2.74 grams/tonne from 2.23 grams/tonne in Q4 2019.

For the full year there was a production of 20,301 ounces of gold in 2020 compared to 12,265 ounces of gold in 2019. During 2020 the plant processed 213,940 tonnes compared to 163,789 tonnes in 2019. Gold grades increased in 2020 to 3.05 grams/tonne from 2.47 grams/tonne in 2019.

The mine and the processing plant stabilized their processes during 2020 after the ramp up following commencement of commercial production in March 2019.

Revenue, Mine operating income and Operating income (loss)

Revenue of $13.27 million for the fourth quarter of 2020 compared to $5.96 million in the same period of 2019 reflects the increase in production mentioned above in addition of the upward trend of the average realized gold price with $2,305 per ounce for the fourth quarter of 2020 compared to $1,876 in the same period of 2019.

For the full year 2020 revenue was $43.90 million compared to $20.25 million for 2019. The realized prices in 2020 was $2,295 per ounce compared to $1,782 per ounce in 2019.

The income from mine operations in the fourth quarter of 2020 as well as the full year compared to a loss in 2019 reflects the improved mine operations that resulted in better production at a lower cost. This contributed to a lower net loss for Q4 and the year.

Expenses

Exploration and evaluation expenditures decreased from 2019 due to one time expenditures that were not made in 2020.

Current Income Tax

The Company generated current income tax from the Colombian operation of $1,530,180 during 2020 compared to $517,956 in 2019. The increment in revenue explained above generated the increase in tax. The Company has Canadian non-capital losses and did not generate current income tax during 2020 and 2019.

5

The summary below highlights selected quarterly information:

$CAD 000’s except ounce, per ounce, in USD
and per share data
2020
4thQtr
3rd Qtr
2nd Qtr
1st Qtr
2019
4thQtr
3rd Qtr
2nd Qtr
1st Qtr
Operating data (Currency: CAD)
Gold produced (ounces)
6,477
6,259
4,652
2,913
Gold sold (ounces)
5,466
6,325
4,026
2,596
Average realized gold price ($/oz sold) (1)
2,305
2,431
2,293
1,943
Total cash costs ($/oz sold) (1)
1,858
1,302
1,251
1,738
All-in sustaining costs ($/oz sold) (1)
2,258
1,420
1,384
1,920
All-in costs ($/oz sold) (1)
2,280
1,428
1,433
2,261
Operating data (Currency: USD)
Average realized gold price ($/oz sold) (1)
1,769
1,825
1,655
1,445
Total cash costs ($/oz sold) (1)
1,426
978
903
1,292
All-in sustaining costs ($/oz sold) (1)
1,733
1,066
999
1,428
All-in costs ($/oz sold) (1)
1,750
1,072
1,035
1,681
$CAD 000’s except ounce, per ounce, in USD
and per share data
2020
4thQtr
3rd Qtr
2nd Qtr
1st Qtr
2,914
3,705
3,892
1,754
3,172
3,661
3,555
945
1,876
1,932
1,601
1,565
2,089
1,920
1,789
1,118
2,354
2,064
1,915
1,287
2,493
1,928
2,153
2,869
1,411
1,444
1,212
1,186
1,571
1,435
1,355
847
1,770
1,543
1,450
975
1,875
1,441
1,631
2,174
2019
4thQtr
3rd Qtr
2nd Qtr
1st Qtr
Financial data (Currency: CAD)
Revenue
13,272
15,928
9,602
5,104
Cost of sales
12,384
11,473
7,170
6,462
Income (loss) from mine operations
888
4,455
2,432
(1,358)
Exploration and evaluation expenditures (3)
119
54
200
886
General and administrative expenses
823
622
493
400
Foreign exchange (gain) loss
(161)
61
(32)
113
EBITDA (1)
2,281
6,889
4,821
(1,459)
Adjusted EBITDA (1)(2)
1,651
6,498
4,973
156
Income (loss) from operations
107
3,718
1,771
(2,757)
Interest expense and other expenses
2,285
2,209
844
2,021
Current income tax expense
1,530
-
-
-
Net income (loss)
(3,708)
1,509
927
(4,778)
Net income (loss) per share, basic and fully
diluted
0.00
0.00
0.00
(0.01)
Balance sheet
Total assets
124,893
113,143
118,925
110,008
Working capital deficit
(115,429)
(114,493)
(119,248)
(126,639)
5,967
7,088
5,711
1,484
6,688
9,523
8,774
2,256
(721)
(2,436)
(3,063)
(771)
(82)
(499)
848
1,495
776
459
436
154
142
171
(60)
(2)
(2,274)
(5)
(1,890)
(1,170)
(1,337)
(329)
(1,102)
323
(1,558)
(2,567)
(4,286)
(2,418)
1,703
1,907
1,792
539
518
-
-
-
(3,779)
(4,474)
(6,078)
(2,957)
0.00
(0.01)
(0.01)
0.00
118,212
111,583
120,737
113,616
(111,488)
(109,146)
(101,031)
(96,186)

(1) Non-IFRS performance measures. For more information, see the "Non-IFRS Measures" section.

(2) Comparative information for Adjusted EBITDA has been recalculated to conform to current period’s presentation.

(3) Exploration and evaluation expenditures have been incurred and expensed.

The quarter over quarter comparison shows an upward trend in production resulting from the stabilization of the operation with a still volatile cash cost that, on a yearly basis, has a downward trend. Management is working on stabilizing the cash cost without neglecting production and expects an improvement in 2021 compared to previous years.

Mine construction activities and Property, plant and equipment investment

The Company began construction activities during 2015. On March 1, 2019 the Company declared it had achieved commercial production. Most of the property, plant and equipment investments are related to mine and plant construction, including the plant expansion to 1,200 tpd. Investment has been as follows:

$CAD 000’s
For the three
months ended
Dec 31,
2020
2019
For the years ended
2020
2019
2018
Property, plant and equipment investment
6,726
3,856
9,853
18,871
58,164

6

Quarterly investment has been as follows:

$CAD 000’s
2020
4thQtr
3rd Qtr
2nd Qtr
1st Qtr
2019
4thQtr
3rd Qtr
2nd Qtr
1st Qtr
Property, plant and equipment investment
6,726
1,206
908
1,014
3,856
3,011
2,973
9,031

SHARE DATA

The authorized capital of the Company consists of an unlimited number of common shares. As at December 31, 2020 and at the date of issue of this MD&A there were 949,398,138 issued and outstanding common shares.

As at December 31, 2020 and the date hereof there were nil warrants outstanding.

As at December 31, 2020 there were 10,075,000 stock options outstanding.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

During 2019, the Company completed several capital investments related to mine construction. As of March 1, 2019, the Company began mineral exports and generation of cash flows from its mining operations. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company has earned revenue in the amount of $43,905,404 (December 31, 2019 - $20,249,673) and has increased the demand loans for $7,066,260 (December 31, 2019 - $18,897,540).

At December 31, 2020 the Company’s current assets total $19,201,902 (December 31, 2019 - $8,484,690), current liabilities total $134,631,211 (December 31, 2019 - $119,972,765) giving rise to a working capital deficit of $115,429,309 (December 31, 2019 - $111,488,075).

The Company's ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to achieve profitable operations, generate enough funds and/or continue to obtain enough capital from investors to meet its current and future obligations. The recoverability of amounts shown for property and equipment is dependent on future profitable operations or proceeds from disposition of mineral interests. As a result of these risks, there is material uncertainty which may cast significant doubt as to the appropriateness of the going concern assumption. There is no assurance that the Company's initiatives will continue to be successful. These consolidated financial statements do not reflect the adjustments to the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the reported expenses and consolidated statements of financial position classifications that would be necessary if the going concern assumption was inappropriate. These adjustments could be material.

The Company has been working on the consolidation of current operations and the implementation of improvement throughout the mining/processing systems and as a result, cash flow projections for 2021 indicate that the Company will generate positive cash flow to begin covering its obligations, strengthening its financial position.

During the first months of 2020, the Coronavirus COVID-19 emerged, and as of the date of issuance of these financial statements, the effect it had on global markets and consequently on the results, cash flows and financial situation of the Company is uncertain. However, we consider that the mining industry, and particularly in AGD’ Colombia branch, the effect will not be significant since despite decree 457 of 2020 requiring preventive isolation at the national level in - Colombia which, allows the continuation of activities strictly necessary to operate companies belonging to the mining sector. Until the date of authorization of the Financial Statements, operations have not been affected, production and exportation continue.

Financing Activities

See notes herein under the heading “Transactions with related parties” which provides details of term and demand loans provided to the Company.

7

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

There are no off-balance sheet arrangements as at December 31, 2020, nor have any such arrangements been entered into by the Company as of the date of this MD&A.

TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES

During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had the following related party transactions:

Key Management

Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Company, directly or indirectly, including any directors (executive and non-executive) of the Company and/or their holding companies.

Key management personnel had the following transactions with the Company:

  • Compensation that was paid or payable to key management in the amount of $259,906 (December 31, 2019 - $146,134).

Term and Demand Loans

Dec 31, Dec 31,
2020 2019
$ $
Term loan
Infinita Prosperidad Minera 27,167,082 21,811,795
Totalterm loan 27,167,082 21,811,795
Demand loan
Infinita Prosperidad Minera 84,120,546 82,956,928
Coripuno SAC 12,180,263 5,514,872
Totaldemandloan 96,300,809 88,471,800
Total loans 123,467,891 110,283,595

Infinita Prosperidad Minera SAC (“Infinita”), a company owning approximately 89.9% of the outstanding common shares of the Company, had the following transactions with the Company:

  • During the year ended December 31, 2020 Infinita provided demand loans to the Company in the amount of $1,056,756 (US$830,000) (December 31, 2019 - $13,442,580); it is unsecured, denominated in US dollars, and bears interest at 7.13%.

  • The total term and demand loans and interest thereon at December 31, 2020 amounts to $111,287,628 (US$87,407,813) (December 31, 2019 – $104,768,723). The total loans plus interest are unsecured, denominated in US dollars, bear interest at 7.13%.

  • Re-payment of the term loan payable to Infinita was to have been in 24 equal monthly installments commencing on October 1, 2017. The Company has not made the payments as required, and as a result is in default of the term loan. As a result of being in default if Infinita makes a demand for payment the entire term loan would be immediately due and payable. A demand for payment has not been made, and management believes that Infinita will not demand re-payment of the term loan.

8

Coripuno SAC, a company controlled by the same group that controls Infinita, had the following transactions with the Company:

  • During the year ended December 31, 2020 Coripuno provided demand loans to the Company in the amount of $6,009,504 (US$4,720,000) (December 31, 2019 – $5,454,960); it is unsecured, denominated in US dollars, and bears interest at 7.13%.

  • The demand loans and interest thereon at December 31, 2020 amounts to $12,180,263 (US$9,566,653) (December 31, 2019 – $5,514,872). The total loans plus interest are unsecured, denominated in US dollars, bear interest at 7.13% and are due on demand.

Gold and silver sales

Consorcio Minero Horizonte SA (CMH), a Company controlled by the same group that controls Infinita, had the following transactions with the Company:

  • The Company sold gold concentrate in the amount of $12,874,613 (US$9,597,525) (December 31, 2019 – $1,738,529) to CMH. The concentrate was sold at prevailing market prices.

Share office expenses

The Company shares office space with Batero Gold Corp. (“Batero”). Two of the Company’s directors are also directors of Batero. During the year ended December 31, 2020 shared office expenses in the amount of $143,347 (December 31, 2019 – $167,230) were billed by the Company to Batero Gold Corp.

PROPOSED TRANSACTIONS

The Company has no material proposed transactions other than in the normal course of business.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING JUDGEMENTS AND ESTIMATES, POLICIES AND CHANGES

The Company makes estimates and assumptions about the future that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. In the future, actual results may differ from these estimates and assumptions.

The effect of a change in an accounting estimate is recognized prospectively by including it in profit or loss in the period of the change.

Information about critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant risk of causing material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities recognized in the consolidated financial statements within the next financial period are discussed below:

Commercial production

The determination of when a mine is in the condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management (referred to as “commercial production”) is a matter of significant judgement which impacts when the Company recognizes revenue, operating costs and depreciation and depletion. In making this determination, management considers specific facts and circumstances. These factors include, but are not limited to, whether the major capital expenditures to bring the mine to the condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management have been completed, completion of a reasonable period of commissioning and consistent operating results being achieved at pre-determined levels of design capacity for a reasonable period of time. The Company determined commercial production was achieved for the Cisneros Mine on March 1, 2019.

9

Inventory valuation

Finished goods, work-in-process, and stockpile ore are valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value. The assumptions used in the valuation of work-in-process inventories include estimates of gold in stockpile, the amount of gold in the mill circuits and assumption of the gold price expected to be realized when the gold is recovered. If these estimates or assumptions prove to be inaccurate, the Company could be required to write-down the recorded value of its work-in-process inventories and stockpile, which would reduce earnings and working capital.

Impairment

The Company regularly reviews the carrying amount of its non-financial assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. Mineral property interests are tested for impairment when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount of the mineral property interests exceed their recoverable amount.

Recoverable ounces

The figures for mineral reserves and mineral resources are determined in accordance with National Instrument 43101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects, issued by the Canadian Securities Administrators. This National Instrument lays out the standards of disclosure for mineral projects including rules relating to the determination of mineral reserves and mineral resources. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating mineral reserves and mineral resources, including many factors beyond the Company's control. Such estimation is a subjective process, and the accuracy of any mineral reserve or mineral resource estimate is a function of the quantity and quality of available data and of the assumptions made and judgements used in engineering and geological interpretation. Differences between management's assumptions, and actual events including economic assumptions such as metal prices and market conditions, could have a material effect in the future on the Company's financial position and results of operation.

Estimation of provision for environmental rehabilitation:

The Company has obligations for environmental rehabilitation related to its property. The future obligations for mine closure activities are estimated by the Company using the mine closure plans. Because the obligations are dependent on the Colombian laws and regulations in which the mines operate, the requirements could change as a result of amendments in the laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and other legislation affecting resource companies. As the estimate of obligations is based on future expectations, a number of estimates and assumptions are made by management in the determination of environmental rehabilitation provision. The environmental rehabilitation provisions are more uncertain the further into the future the mine closure activities are to be carried out.

Income taxes and recoverability of potential deferred tax assets

In assessing the probability of realizing income tax assets recognized, management makes estimates related to expectations of future taxable income, applicable tax planning opportunities, expected timing of reversals of existing temporary differences and the likelihood that tax positions taken will be sustained upon examination by applicable tax authorities. In making its assessments, management gives additional weight to positive and negative evidence that can be objectively verified. Estimates of future taxable income are based on forecasted cash flows from operations and the application of existing tax laws in each jurisdiction. The Company considers whether relevant tax planning opportunities are within the Company’s control, are feasible, and are within management’s ability to implement. Examination by applicable tax authorities is supported based on individual facts and circumstances of the relevant tax position examined in light of all available evidence. Where applicable tax laws and regulations are either unclear or subject to ongoing varying interpretations, it is reasonably possible that changes in these estimates can occur that materially affect the amounts of income tax assets recognized. Also, future changes in tax laws could limit the Company from realizing the tax benefits from the deferred tax assets. The Company reassesses unrecognized income tax assets at each reporting period.

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Determination of functional currency

Functional currency is determined annually for each entity based on a set of primary and secondary factors that include; the currency that influences sales prices for goods and services; the currency of the country that determines the sales prices of goods and services; the currency that mainly influences the costs of providing goods and services; the currency in which funds from financing activities are generated; the currency in which receipts from operating activities are usually retained. When the factors do not provide clear indicators, management judgement must be applied in the determination of functional currency.

Leases

Critical judgements required in the application of IFRS 16 included, among others, the following:

  • Identifying whether a contract (or part of a contract) includes a lease,

  • Determining whether it is reasonably certain that an extension or termination option will be exercised,

  • Classification of lease agreements (when the entity is a lessor),

  • Determination whether variable payments are in-substance fixed,

  • Determining the stand-alone selling prices of lease and non-lease components.

Key sources of estimation uncertainty in the application of IFRS 16 include, among others, the following:

  • Estimation of the lease term,

  • Determination of the appropriate rate to discount the lease payments,

  • Assessment of whether a right-of-use asset is impaired.

Other estimates

Other significant estimates which could materially impact the financial statements include:

  • The inputs used in accounting for share purchase option expense in the consolidated statements of income / (loss);

  • The estimated useful lives of property, plant and equipment which are included in the consolidated statements of financial position and the related depreciation included in the consolidated statements of income / (loss) and comprehensive income / (loss).

Adoption of new accounting standards

Definition of a Business (Amendments to IFRS 3)

The IASB has issued Definition of a Business (Amendments to IFRS 3) to clarify the definition of a business for the purpose of determining whether a transaction should be accounted for as an asset acquisition or a business combination. The amendments:

  • Clarify the minimum attributes that the acquired assets and activities must have to be considered a business

  • Remove the assessment of whether market participants can acquire the business and replace missing inputs or processes to enable them to continue to produce outputs

  • Narrow the definition of a business and the definition of outputs

  • Add an optional concentration test that allows a simplified assessment of whether an acquired set of activities and assets is not a business

This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2020 with no impact on adoption.

New standards, interpretations and amendments not yet effective

Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current (Amendments to IAS 1)

The IASB has published Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current (Amendments to IAS 1) which clarifies the guidance on whether a liability should be classified as either current or noncurrent. The amendments:

  • Clarify that the classification of liabilities as current or noncurrent should only be based on rights that are in place "at the end of the reporting period"

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  • Clarify that classification is unaffected by expectations about whether an entity will exercise its right to defer settlement of a liability

  • Make clear that settlement includes transfers to the counterparty of cash, equity instruments, other assets or services that result in extinguishment of the liability.

This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2023 and must be applied retrospectively. The Company is assessing the impact the amendments will have on current practice and whether existing loan agreements may require renegotiation.

Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets (Amendment to IAS 37)

The IASB has published Onerous Contracts - Cost of Fulfilling a Contract (Amendments to IAS 37) which clarifies the guidance regarding costs a company should include as the cost of fulfilling a contract when assessing whether a contract is onerous. The amendments:

  • Specify that the ‘cost of fulfilling’ a contract comprises the ‘costs that relate directly to the contract’.

  • Clarify that costs that relate directly to a contract can either be incremental costs of fulfilling that contract or an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling contracts.

This amendment is effective for annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2022. The Company is assessing the impact the amendments will have on current practice.

RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

The Company’s principal activity is mineral exploration, development and mining operations. Companies in this industry are subject to many and varied kinds of risks, including but not limited to, environmental risks, changes in metal prices, and political and economic uncertainties.

It should be noted that with the decision to proceed with construction and mining of the Cisneros project, on the basis of a Preliminary Economic Assessment (as compared to a pre-feasibility or a feasibility study), there is increased uncertainty and higher risk of economic and technical failure associated with the Company’s decision. Production and economic variables may vary considerably, due to the absence of a pre-feasibility or a feasibility study prepared in accordance with NI 43-101 standards. In particular, there is additional risk that mineral volumes and grades will be lower than management expected and the risk that construction or ongoing mining operations will be more difficult or more expensive than management expected. Project failure may materially adversely impact the Company’s future profitability, its ability to repay existing loans, and its overall ability to continue as a going concern.

The construction investment has been funded via debt financing, mainly from Infinita, which is a related party to the Company. The Company may not be able to get additional loans from Infinita or other potential creditors. Repayment of the term loan payable to Infinita was to have been in 24 equal monthly installments commencing on October 1, 2017. The Company has not made the payments as required, and as a result is in default of the term loan. As a result of being in default if Infinita makes a demand for payment the entire term loan would be immediately due and payable. A demand for payment has not been made, and management believes that Infinita will not demand repayment of the term loan.

On March 1, 2019, the Company declared the successful start of production at the Cisneros Operation in Antioquia, Colombia. Since then, the Company has received significant cash flow from sales. Although during 2019 cash flow was not enough to cover all of its operating costs, during 2020 the operation generated a positive operations cash flow; management believes that with the continuation of the implemented improvements during 2021 the project will be profitable during 20201 generating sufficient cash flow to begin repaying the outstanding loans.

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The other property interests that the Company has or has an option with which to earn an interest are in the exploration stages only. Currently there are no confirmed deposits of commercial mineralization on those properties. Mineral exploration involves a high degree of risk. There are few properties that are explored and ultimately developed into producing mines. Exploration of the Company’s mineral properties may not result in any discoveries of commercial deposits of mineralization. If the Company’s efforts do not result in any discovery of commercial mineralization, the Company must look for other exploration projects or cease operations.

The Company may be subject to risks which could not reasonably be predicted in advance. Events such as labour disputes, environmental issues, natural disasters or estimation errors are prime examples of industry related risks. Since the Company operates in Colombia, it is subject to political, legal, tax and other risks associated with operating in a foreign jurisdiction.

The Company is in the business of metals exploration and mine development and as such, its prospects are largely dependent on movements in the price of various metals. Prices fluctuate on a daily basis and are affected by a number of factors well beyond the control of the Company. The mineral exploration industry in general is a competitive market and there is no assurance that, even if commercial quantities of proven and probable reserves are discovered, a profitable market may exist. Currently, the Company does not enter into price hedging programs.

The Company is subject to the laws and regulations relating to environmental matters in all jurisdictions in which it operates, including provisions relating to property reclamation, discharge of hazardous material and other matters.

Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows will fluctuate as a result of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company is exposed to foreign currency fluctuations as certain transactions are denominated in Colombian Pesos and United States dollars.

Although the Company has taken steps to verify title to mineral properties in which it has an interest, these procedures do not guarantee the Company’s title. Such properties may be subject to prior agreements or transfers and title may be affected by undetected defects.

The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared using International Financial Reporting Standard (“IFRS”) applicable to a going concern, which assumes continuity of operations and realization of assets and settlement of liabilities in the normal course of business for the foreseeable future. The Company's ability to continue as a going concern is dependent upon its ability to achieve profitable operations, generate sufficient funds and continue to obtain sufficient capital from investors to meet its current and future obligations. The Company is subject to risks and challenges similar to companies in a comparable stage of operation. As a result of these risks, there is significant doubt as to the appropriateness of the going concern assumption.

NON-IFRS MEASURES

The Company has included non-IFRS measures in this MD&A, these measures are intended to provide additional information and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with IFRS. These measures do not have any standardized meaning prescribed under IFRS and therefore may not be comparable to other issuers.

Non-IFRS measures referred to in this MD&A are defined as follows:

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:

EBITDA represents earnings before interest (including non-cash accretion of financial obligations and lease obligations), income taxes and depreciation and amortization.

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Adjusted EBITDA excludes impairment charges and reversals, gains or losses on asset dispositions, wealth taxes, gains/losses on financial instruments, and foreign exchange gains/losses. Excludes exchange gain/loss on translation of foreign operations.

The following tables provides a reconciliation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to the Financial Statements:

EBITDA ($CAD 000´s)
For the three
months ended
Dec 31,
2020
2019
For the years ended
2020
2019
2018
Loss for the period
(3,708)
(3,779)
Depreciation
2,157
(597)
Interest
2,302
1,584
Taxes
1,530
518
(6,050)
(17,288)
(3,230)
7,936
5,468
80
9,117
5,963
31
1,530
518
-
EBITDA
2,281
(2,274)
12,533
(5,339)
(3,119)
Adjusted EBITDA ($CAD 000´s)
For the three
months ended
Dec 31,
2020
2019
For the years ended
2020
2019
2018
EBITDA
2,281
(2,274)
12,533
(5,339)
(3,119)
Impairment charges
(593)
691
Exploration and evaluation expenditures
119
(82)
Expenses (income) from previous years
-
-
Loss (gain) on asset dispositions
5
185
Loss (gain) on foreignexchange
(161)
143
-
691
-
1,258
1,763
1,861
(521)
-
-
28
189
(8)
(19)
251
(462)
Adjusted EBITDA
1,651
(1,337)
13,279
(2,445)
(1,729)

Average realized gold price:

Represents the sale price of gold per ounce before deducting production costs, depreciation, and mining royalties.

The following table provides a reconciliation of the Average realized gold price:

Average realized gold price ($ CAD/oz sold)
For the three
months ended
Dec 31,
2020
2019
For the years ended
2020
2019
2018
Gold revenue
12,600
5,952
Gold sold (oz)
5,466
3,172
42,251
20,193
-
18,413
11,332
-
Average realized gold price ($CAD/oz)
2,305
1,876
2,295
1,782
-
Averagerate (1CAD= xUSD)
0.767
0.752
0.745
0.754
-
Average realized gold price ($USD/oz)
1,769
1,411
1,711
1,340
-

Cash Costs:

Cash costs per ounce sold represents all direct and indirect operating costs related to the physical activities of producing gold, including on-site mining costs, processing, on-site general and administrative costs, community site relations, and royalties. Cash costs incorporate the Company’s share of production costs but exclude, among other items, the impact of depreciation, depletion and amortization (“DD&A”), financing costs, capital development and exploration and income taxes.

Cash costs per ounce is a common performance measure in the mining industry, but does not have any standardized meaning. A Company’s adoption of the standard is voluntary and other companies may quantify these measures differently as a result of different underlying principles and policies applied.

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The following table reconciles total cash costs per ounce sold as disclosed in this MD&A to the Financial Statements:

Cash cost per ounce sold ($CAD 000´s,
$CAD/oz sold and ounces)
For the three
months ended
Dec 31,
2020
2019
For the years ended
2020
2019
2018
Gold sold (Ounces)
5,466
3,172
18,413
11,332
-
Production costs
10,547
6,438
Royalties
284
203
Silver revenue
(672)
(15)
28,495
20,472
-
1,101
655
-
(1,655)
(57)
-
Totalcash cost ($CAD 000´s)
10,159
6,626
27,941
21,071
-
Totalcash costs per ounce sold ($CAD/oz)
1,859
2,089
1,517
1,859
-
Averagerate (1CAD= xUSD)
0.767
0.752
0.745
0.754
-
Totalcash costs per ounce sold ($USD/oz)
1,427
1,571
1,131
1,399
-

All-in Sustaining Costs (AISC):

AISC include total production cash costs incurred at the Company’s mining operations. Additionally, the Company includes sustaining capital expenditures which are expended to maintain existing levels of production (to which costs do not contribute to a material increase in annual gold ounce production over the next 12 months), general and administrative and exploration and evaluation expenses. The measure seeks to reflect the full cost of production from current operations, therefore expansionary capital is excluded. Certain other expenditures, including taxes and financing costs are also excluded. The Company reports AISC on a per ounce sold basis.

This performance measure was adopted as a result of an initiative undertaken within the gold mining industry; however, this performance measure has no standardized meaning and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for measures of performance prepared in accordance with IFRS. A Company's adoption of the standard is voluntary and other companies may quantify these measures differently as a result of different underlying principles and policies applied.

The following table reconciles AISC per ounce sold as disclosed in this MD&A to the Financial Statements:

AISC per ounce sold ($CAD 000´s, $CAD/oz
sold and ounces)
For the three
months ended
Dec 31,
2020
2019
For the years ended
2020
2019
2018
Gold sold (Ounces)
5,466
3,172
18,413
11,332
-
Total cash cost
10,159
6,626
G&A excluding depreciation
812
767
Sustaining costs
1,373
73
27,941
21,071
-
2,295
1,778
-
1,642
196
-
Total AISC ($CAD 000´s)
12,344
7,466
31,878
23,044
-
AISC per ounce sold ($CAD/oz)
2,258
2,354
1,731
2,034
-
Averagerate (1CAD= xUSD)
0.767
0.752
0.745
0.754
-
AISC per ounce sold ($USD/oz)
1,733
1,770
1,290
1,530
-

All-in Costs:

Includes AISC (as defined above) and adds non-sustaining capital and E&E costs. Non-sustaining capital is related to new projects that are not associated with gold production from the current operations, and similar to AISC, excludes certain other cash expenditures such as income and other tax payments, financing costs and debt repayments. The Company reports All in Cost on a per ounce sold basis.

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The following table reconciles All-in Costs per ounce sold as disclosed in this MD&A to the Financial Statements:

All-in cost per ounce sold ($CAD 000´s,
$CAD/oz sold and ounces)
For the three
months ended
Dec 31,
2020
2019
For the years ended
2020
2019
2018
Gold sold (Ounces)
5,466
3,172
18,413
11,332
-
Total AISC
12,344
7,466
Non-sustaining capitaland E&E costs
119
441
31,878
23,044
-
1,258
1,763
-
Total All-incosts ($CAD 000´s)
12,463
7,907
33,136
24,807
-
All-incost per ounce sold ($CAD/oz)
2,280
2,493
1,800
2,189
-
Averagerate (1CAD= xUSD)
0.767
0.752
0.745
0.754
-
All-incost per ounce sold ($USD/oz)
1,750
1,875
1,342
1,647
-

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

Certain statements contained in this MD&A constitute forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements involve a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from actual future results and achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date the statements were made. Readers are also advised to consider such forward-looking statements while considering the risks set forth below.

Caution regarding forward looking statements:

Except for statements of historical fact relating to the Company, certain information contained in this MD&A constitutes “forward-looking information” under Canadian securities legislation. Forward-looking information in this MD&A includes, but is not limited to, statements with respect to the potential of the Company’s properties; the future price of gold; success of exploration activities; cost and timing of future exploration and development; the expectation of gold recoveries; the planned focus of activities at the Company’s Cisneros Project (as hereinafter defined); the Company’s plans with respect to its Strategic Properties (hereinafter defined); requirements for additional capital; and other statements relating to the financial and business prospects of the Company.

Generally, forward-looking information can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “plans”, “expects” or “does not expect”, “is expected”, “budget”, “scheduled”, “estimates”, “forecasts”, “intends”, “anticipates” or “does not anticipate”, “believes”, or variations of such words and phrases. Forward-looking information may also be identified in statements where certain actions, events or results “may”, “could", "would”, “might” or “will be taken”, “occur” or “be achieved”.

Forward-looking information is based on the reasonable assumptions, estimates, analysis and opinions of management made in light of its experience and its perception of trends, current conditions and expected developments, as well as other factors that management believes to be relevant and reasonable in the circumstances at the date that such statements are made.

Forward-looking information is inherently subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results, level of activity, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking information, including but not limited to risks related to:

  • The Company’s goal is to create shareholder value by concentrating on the development of properties that have the potential to contain economic gold and other precious metals;

  • Management’s assessment of future plans for the Company’s operations in Colombia;

  • Management’s economic outlook regarding future trends;

  • The Company’s ability to meet its working capital needs at the current level in the short term;

  • Sensitivity analysis on financial instruments may vary from amounts disclosed; and

  • Governmental regulation and environmental liability.

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In addition, the Company has also made certain assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable. These assumptions include, but are not limited to, the actual results of exploration projects being equivalent to or better than estimated results than prior exploration and results, future costs and expenses being equivalent to historical costs and expenses, and the ability of the Company to obtain additional financing.

Although management of the Company has attempted to identify important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in forward-looking information, other factors could also cause materially different results. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements.

Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking information. The Company does not undertake to update any forward-looking information.

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

In connection with National Instrument 52-109 (Certification of Disclosure in Issuer’s Annual and Interim Filings) (“NI 52-109”), the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of the Company have filed a Venture Issuer Basic Certificate with respect to the financial information contained in the consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 and in this accompanying MD&A (together the “Filings”).

In contrast to the full certificate under NI 52-109, the Venture Issuer Basic Certificate does not include representations relating to the establishment and maintenance of disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting, as defined in NI 52-109. For further information the reader should refer to the Venture Issuer Basic Certificates filed by the Company with the Interim Filings on SEDAR at www.sedar.com.

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