Ameris Bancorp - Interim / Quarterly Report 2019

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 001-13901

AMERIS BANCORP
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Georgia	58-1456434
(State of incorporation)	(IRS Employer ID No.)

3490 Piedmont Rd NE, Suite 1550 — Atlanta
(Address of principal executive offices)

(404)
(Registrant’s telephone number)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	ý	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ý

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $1 per share	ABCB	Nasdaq Global Select Market

There were 69,660,953 shares of Common Stock outstanding as of November 1, 2019 .

AMERIS BANCORP

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements.
	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018	1
	Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine-Month Periods Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	2
	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine-Month Periods Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	3
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018	5
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	7
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	50
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	77
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures.	78
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings.	78
Item 1A.	Risk Factors.	78
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.	78
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities.	79
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures.	79
Item 5.	Other Information.	79
Item 6.	Exhibits.	80
Signatures		82

Item 1. Financial Statements.

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

	September 30, 2019		December 31, 2018
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$ 193,976		$ 172,036
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks	285,713		507,491
Cash and cash equivalents	479,689		679,527
Time deposits in other banks	499		10,812
Investment securities available for sale, at fair value	1,491,207		1,192,423
Other investments	66,921		14,455
Loans held for sale, at fair value	1,187,551		111,298
Loans	7,208,816		5,660,457
Purchased loans	5,388,336		2,588,832
Purchased loan pools	229,132		262,625
Loans, net of unearned income	12,826,284		8,511,914
Allowance for loan losses	( 35,530	)	( 28,819	)
Loans, net	12,790,754		8,483,095
Other real estate owned, net	4,925		7,218
Purchased other real estate owned, net	15,785		9,535
Total other real estate owned, net	20,710		16,753
Premises and equipment, net	239,428		145,410
Goodwill	911,488		503,434
Other intangible assets, net	97,328		58,689
Cash value of bank owned life insurance	174,442		104,096
Deferred income taxes, net	22,111		35,126
Other assets	282,149		88,397
Total assets	$ 17,764,277		$ 11,443,515
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$ 4,077,856		$ 2,520,016
Interest-bearing	9,581,738		7,129,297
Total deposits	13,659,594		9,649,313
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	17,744		20,384
Other borrowings	1,351,172		151,774
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	127,075		89,187
FDIC loss-share payable, net	19,490		19,487
Other liabilities	168,479		57,023
Total liabilities	15,343,554		9,987,168
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 14)
Shareholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, stated value $1,000 (5,000,000 shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018)	—		—
Common stock, par value $1 (100,000,000 shares authorized; 71,431,581 and 49,014,925 shares issued at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively)	71,447		49,015
Capital surplus	1,904,789		1,051,584
Retained earnings	457,127		377,135
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	15,482		( 4,826	)
Treasury stock, at cost (1,837,748 shares and 1,514,984 shares at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively)	( 28,122	)	( 16,561	)
Total shareholders’ equity	2,420,723		1,456,347
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 17,764,277		$ 11,443,515

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (unaudited)

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

	Three Months Ended September 30, — 2019		2018		Nine Months Ended September 30, — 2019		2018
Interest income
Interest and fees on loans	$ 175,046		$ 110,470		$ 404,457		$ 266,460
Interest on taxable securities	11,354		8,792		29,780		20,320
Interest on nontaxable securities	168		204		426		705
Interest on deposits in other banks and federal funds sold	1,793		1,653		7,655		3,092
Total interest income	188,361		121,119		442,318		290,577
Interest expense
Interest on deposits	29,425		15,630		74,563		30,196
Interest on other borrowings	10,167		6,451		17,940		16,543
Total interest expense	39,592		22,081		92,503		46,739
Net interest income	148,769		99,038		349,815		243,838
Provision for loan losses	5,989		2,095		14,065		13,006
Net interest income after provision for loan losses	142,780		96,943		335,750		230,832
Noninterest income
Service charges on deposit accounts	13,411		12,690		37,225		33,531
Mortgage banking activity	53,041		14,082		86,241		41,771
Other service charges, commissions and fees	1,236		790		2,828		2,236
Net gain (loss) on securities	4		48		139		( 38	)
Other noninterest income	9,301		2,561		16,567		10,442
Total noninterest income	76,993		30,171		143,000		87,942
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	77,633		38,414		154,296		110,163
Occupancy and equipment expense	12,639		8,598		28,677		21,186
Data processing and communications expenses	10,372		8,518		27,151		22,092
Credit resolution-related expenses	1,094		1,248		2,984		2,842
Advertising and marketing expense	1,949		1,453		5,677		3,938
Amortization of intangible assets	5,719		2,676		11,972		5,862
Merger and conversion charges	65,158		276		70,690		19,502
Other noninterest expenses	18,133		11,170		47,926		32,252
Total noninterest expense	192,697		72,353		349,373		217,837
Income before income tax expense	27,076		54,761		129,377		100,937
Income tax expense	5,692		13,317		29,184		23,446
Net income	21,384		41,444		100,193		77,491
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during period on investment securities available for sale, net of tax expense (benefit) of ($244), ($1,053), $5,549 and ($4,035)	( 921	)	( 3,964	)	20,873		( 15,181	)
Reclassification adjustment for gains on investment securities included in earnings, net of tax of $0, $11, $25 and $19	—		( 41	)	( 94	)	( 70	)
Unrealized gains (losses) on cash flow hedges arising during period, net of tax expense (benefit) of ($15), $0, ($125) and $92	( 59	)	—		( 471	)	347
Other comprehensive income (loss)	( 980	)	( 4,005	)	20,308		( 14,904	)
Total comprehensive income	$ 20,404		$ 37,439		$ 120,501		$ 62,587
Basic earnings per common share	$ 0.31		$ 0.87		$ 1.83		$ 1.86
Diluted earnings per common share	$ 0.31		$ 0.87		$ 1.83		$ 1.85
Weighted average common shares outstanding (in thousands)
Basic	69,372		47,515		54,762		41,673
Diluted	69,600		47,685		54,883		41,845

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited)

(dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Common Stock						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax		Treasury Stock
	Shares	Amount	Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings				Shares	Amount		Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at beginning of period	49,099,332	$ 49,099	$ 1,053,500		$ 446,182		$ 16,462		1,837,748	$ ( 28,122	)	$ 1,537,121
Issuance of common stock for acquisition	22,181,522	22,182	847,112		—		—		—	—		869,294
Issuance of restricted shares	30,452	30	( 30	)	—		—		—	—		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	120,275	136	3,398		—		—		—	—		3,534
Share-based compensation	—	—	809		—		—		—	—		809
Net income	—	—	—		21,384		—		—	—		21,384
Dividends on common shares ($0.15 per share)	—	—	—		( 10,439	)	—		—	—		( 10,439	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) during the period	—	—	—		—		( 980	)	—	—		( 980	)
Balance at end of period	71,431,581	$ 71,447	$ 1,904,789		$ 457,127		$ 15,482		1,837,748	$ ( 28,122	)	$ 2,420,723

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Common Stock								Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax		Treasury Stock
	Shares		Amount		Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings				Shares	Amount		Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at beginning of period	49,014,925		$ 49,015		$ 1,051,584		$ 377,135		$ ( 4,826	)	1,514,984	$ ( 16,561	)	$ 1,456,347
Issuance of common stock for acquisition	22,181,522		22,182		847,112		—		—		—	—		869,294
Issuance of restricted shares	147,574		147		768		—		—		—	—		915
Forfeitures of restricted shares	( 40,423	)	( 40	)	( 484	)	—		—		—	—		( 524	)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	127,983		143		3,444		—		—		—	—		3,587
Share-based compensation	—		—		2,365		—		—		—	—		2,365
Purchase of treasury shares	—		—		—		—		—		322,764	( 11,561	)	( 11,561	)
Net income	—		—		—		100,193		—		—	—		100,193
Dividends on common shares ($0.35 per share)	—		—		—		( 19,925	)	—		—	—		( 19,925	)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting for derivatives	—		—		—		( 276	)	—		—	—		( 276	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) during the period	—		—		—		—		20,308		—	—		20,308
Balance at end of period	71,431,581		$ 71,447		$ 1,904,789		$ 457,127		$ 15,482		1,837,748	$ ( 28,122	)	$ 2,420,723

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity (unaudited)

(dollars in thousands)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Common Stock					Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax		Treasury Stock
	Shares	Amount	Capital Surplus	Retained Earnings				Shares	Amount		Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at beginning of period	49,011,950	$ 49,012	$ 1,049,283	$ 301,656		$ ( 12,571	)	1,493,288	$ ( 15,484	)	$ 1,371,896
Share-based compensation	—	—	1,469	—		—		—	—		1,469
Purchase of treasury shares	—	—	—	—		—		21,696	( 1,077	)	( 1,077	)
Net income	—	—	—	41,444		—		—	—		41,444
Dividends on common shares ($0.10 per share)	—	—	—	( 4,750	)	—		—	—		( 4,750	)
Other comprehensive income (loss) during the period	—	—	—	—		( 4,005	)	—	—		( 4,005	)
Balance at end of period	49,011,950	$ 49,012	$ 1,050,752	$ 338,350		$ ( 16,576	)	1,514,984	$ ( 16,561	)	$ 1,404,977

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
	Common Stock							Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax		Treasury Stock
	Shares		Amount	Capital Surplus		Retained Earnings				Shares	Amount		Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at beginning of period	38,734,873		$ 38,735	$ 508,404		$ 273,119		$ ( 1,280	)	1,474,861	$ ( 14,499	)	$ 804,479
Issuance of common stock for acquisitions	10,124,491		10,124	537,003		—		—		—	—		547,127
Issuance of restricted shares	85,855		86	( 86	)	—		—		—	—		—
Forfeitures of restricted shares	( 472	)	—	—		—		—		—	—		—
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	67,203		67	779		—		—		—	—		846
Share-based compensation	—		—	4,652		—		—		—	—		4,652
Purchase of treasury shares	—		—	—		—		—		40,123	( 2,062	)	( 2,062	)
Net income	—		—	—		77,491		—		—	—		77,491
Dividends on common shares ($0.30 per share)	—		—	—		( 12,680	)	—		—	—		( 12,680	)
Reclassification of stranded income tax effects	—		—	—		392		( 392	)	—	—		—
Cumulative effect of change in accounting for derivatives	—		—	—		28		—		—	—		28
Other comprehensive income (loss) during the period	—		—	—		—		( 14,904	)	—	—		( 14,904	)
Balance at end of period	49,011,950		$ 49,012	$ 1,050,752		$ 338,350		$ ( 16,576	)	1,514,984	$ ( 16,561	)	$ 1,404,977

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

(dollars in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, — 2019		2018
Operating Activities
Net income	$ 100,193		$ 77,491
Adjustments reconciling net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation	9,077		7,359
Net losses on sale or disposal of premises and equipment including write-downs	159		78
Net write-downs on other assets	4,359		—
Provision for loan losses	14,065		13,006
Net losses on sale of other real estate owned including write-downs	158		947
Share-based compensation expense	2,450		5,433
Amortization of intangible assets	11,972		5,862
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	7,145		—
Provision for deferred taxes	12,084		1,023
Net amortization of investment securities available for sale	3,069		3,909
Net (gain) loss on securities	( 139	)	38
Accretion of discount on purchased loans	( 10,503	)	( 8,083	)
Amortization of premium on purchased loan pools	977		1,473
Accretion on other borrowings	33		98
Accretion on subordinated deferrable interest debentures	1,170		1,001
Originations of mortgage loans held for sale	( 2,376,070	)	( 1,361,509	)
Payments received on mortgage loans held for sale	4,438		840
Proceeds from sales of mortgage loans held for sale	1,660,599		1,188,493
Net gains on sale of mortgage loans held for sale	( 52,605	)	( 28,236	)
Originations of SBA loans	( 22,121	)	( 18,032	)
Proceeds from sales of SBA loans	42,647		27,275
Net gains on sale of SBA loans	( 4,220	)	( 2,246	)
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance	( 1,861	)	( 1,311	)
Gain on bank owned life insurance proceeds	( 4,335	)	—
Loss on sale of loans	1,954		—
Changes in FDIC loss-share payable, net of cash payments	3,695		1,823
Change attributable to other operating activities	4,307		( 10,268	)
Net cash used in operating activities	( 587,303	)	( 93,536	)
Investing Activities, net of effects of business combinations
Proceeds from maturities of time deposits in other banks	10,313		—
Purchases of securities available for sale	( 219,352	)	( 234,711	)
Proceeds from prepayments and maturities of securities available for sale	176,760		112,119
Proceeds from sales of securities available for sale	64,995		68,727
Net (increase) decrease in other investments	( 44,936	)	12,040
Net increase in loans, excluding purchased loans	( 1,571,033	)	( 437,513	)
Payments received on purchased loans	619,024		208,910
Payments received on purchased loan pools	32,516		60,042
Purchases of premises and equipment	( 5,924	)	( 7,335	)
Proceeds from sales of premises and equipment	5,330		576
Proceeds from sales of other real estate owned	7,448		7,461
Payments paid to FDIC under loss-share agreements	( 3,692	)	( 1,205	)
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance	8,178		—
Proceeds from sales of loans	96,162		—
Net cash and cash equivalents received in acquisitions	244,181		51,495
Net cash used in investing activities	( 580,030	)	( 159,394	)
			(Continued)

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)

(dollars in thousands)

	Nine Months Ended September 30, — 2019		2018
Financing Activities, net of effects of business combinations
Net (decrease) increase in deposits	$ ( 33,042	)	$ 389,884
Net decrease in securities sold under agreements to repurchase	( 24,985	)	( 16,567	)
Proceeds from other borrowings	2,969,000		1,530,000
Repayment of other borrowings	( 1,921,267	)	( 1,338,917	)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	3,587		846
Dividends paid - common stock	( 14,237	)	( 11,655	)
Purchase of treasury shares	( 11,561	)	( 2,062	)
Net cash provided by financing activities	967,495		551,529
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	( 199,838	)	298,599
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	679,527		330,658
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$ 479,689		$ 629,257
Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$ 87,066		$ 45,535
Income taxes	32,096		10,252
Loans (excluding purchased loans) transferred to other real estate owned	503		3,764
Purchased loans transferred to other real estate owned	3,908		2,434
Loans transferred from loans held for sale to loans held for investment	—		10,817
Loans transferred from loans held for investment to loans held for sale	1,554		8,831
Loans provided for the sales of other real estate owned	144		53
Initial recognition of operating lease right-of-use assets	27,286		—
Initial recognition of operating lease liabilities	29,651		—
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	262		—
Assets acquired in business acquisitions	5,186,974		3,059,856
Liabilities assumed in business acquisitions	4,317,661		2,410,453
Issuance of common stock in acquisitions	869,294		547,127
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale, net of tax	20,778		( 15,590	)
Change in unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedge, net of tax	( 470	)	294
			(Concluded)

See notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

AMERIS BANCORP AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

September 30, 2019

NOTE 1 – BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Nature of Business

Ameris Bancorp (the “Company” or “Ameris”) is a financial holding company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Ameris conducts substantially all of its operations through its wholly owned banking subsidiary, Ameris Bank (the “Bank”). At September 30, 2019 , the Bank operated 172 branches in select markets in Georgia, Alabama, Florida and South Carolina. Our business model capitalizes on the efficiencies of a large financial services company, while still providing the community with the personalized banking service expected by our customers. We manage our Bank through a balance of decentralized management responsibilities and efficient centralized operating systems, products and loan underwriting standards. The Company’s Board of Directors and senior managers establish corporate policy, strategy and administrative policies. Within our established guidelines and policies, the banker closest to the customer responds to the differing needs and demands of his or her unique market.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for Ameris have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for interim financial information and Regulation S-X. Accordingly, the financial statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statement presentation. The interim consolidated financial statements included herein are unaudited but reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which, in the opinion of management, are necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated financial position and results of operations for the interim periods presented. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The results of operations for the period ended September 30, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes thereto and the report of our registered independent public accounting firm included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 .

Cash and Cash Equivalents

For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, cash items in process of collection, amounts due from banks, interest-bearing deposits in banks and federal funds sold. The Bank is required to maintain reserve balances in cash or on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. The reserve requirement as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was $ 102.5 million and $ 61.2 million , respectively, and was met by cash on hand and balances at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta which are reported on the Company's consolidated balance sheets in cash and due from banks and federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks, respectively.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications of prior year amounts have been made to conform with the current year presentations. The reclassifications had no effect on net income or shareholders' equity as previously reported.

Accounting Standards Adopted in 2019

ASU 2016-02 – Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 amends the existing standards for lease accounting effectively requiring that most leases be carried on the balance sheets of the related lessees by requiring them to recognize a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability. ASU 2016-02 includes qualitative and quantitative disclosure requirements intended to provide greater insight into the nature of an entity’s leasing activities. The standard may be adopted using a modified retrospective transition method with a cumulative effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the period in which it is adopted. Alternatively, the standard may be adopted using an optional transition method where initial application of the provisions of ASU 2016-02 are applied as the date of adoption, resulting in no adjustment to amounts reported in prior periods. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 during the first quarter of 2019 and elected the optional transition method. The Company also elected the package of practical expedients provided in the guidance which permits the Company to not reassess under the new standard the prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. The Company also elected the hindsight practical expedient to determine lease term and in assessing impairment of the Company's right-of-use asset. The adoption of

ASU 2016-02 resulted in the recognition of a right-of-use asset of $ 27.3 million , a lease liability of $ 29.7 million and a cumulative effect decrease to retained earnings of $ 276,000 . The right-of-use asset and lease liability are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets in other assets and other liabilities, respectively.

Accounting Standards Pending Adoption

ASU 2018-15 – Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract ("ASU 2018-15"). ASU 2018-15 requires that application development stage implementation costs incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement ("CCA") that are service contracts be capitalized and amortized over the term of the hosting arrangement, including renewal option terms if the customer entity is reasonably certain to exercise the option. Costs incurred in the preliminary project and post-implementation stages are expensed as incurred. Training costs and certain data conversion costs also cannot be capitalized for a CCA that is a service contract. Amortization expense of capitalized implementation costs will be presented in the same income statement caption as the CCA fees. Similarly, capitalized implementation costs will be presented in the same balance sheet caption as any prepaid CCA fees, and cash flows from capitalized implementation costs will be classified in the statement of cash flows in the same manner as payments made for the CCA fees. The requirements of ASU 2018-15 should be applied either retrospectively or prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the adoption date. ASU 2018-15 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet, consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income, consolidated statement of shareholders’ equity and consolidated statement of cash flows, but it is not expected to have a material impact.

ASU 2018-13 – Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework – Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement ("ASU 2018-13). ASU 2018-13 changes fair value measurement disclosure requirements by removing certain requirements, modifying certain requirements and adding certain new requirements. Disclosure requirements removed include the following: transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy; the policy for determining when transfers between any of the three levels have occurred; the valuation processes for Level 3 measurements; and the changes in unrealized gains or losses presented in earnings for Level 3 instruments held at end of the reporting period. Disclosure requirements that have been modified include the following: for investments in certain entities that calculate net asset value, an entity is required to disclose the timing of liquidation of an investee's assets and the date when restrictions from redemption might lapse only if the investee has communicated the timing to the entity or announced the timing publicly; and clarification that the Level 3 measurement uncertainty disclosure should communicate information about the uncertainty at the balance sheet date. New disclosure requirements include the following: the changes in unrealized gains and losses for the period included in other comprehensive income for recurring Level 3 instruments held at the end of the reporting period; and the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used for Level 3 measurements or disclosure of other quantitative information in place of the weighted average to the extent that it would be a more reasonable and rational method to reflect the distribution of unobservable inputs. ASU 2018-13 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this standard will have on the Company’s fair value measurement disclosures, but it is not expected to have a material impact.

ASU 2017-04 – Intangibles: Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment (“ASU 2017-04”). ASU 2017-04 eliminates Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test to simplify the subsequent measurement of goodwill. The annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test is performed by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An impairment charge should be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. In addition, the income tax effects of tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit should be considered when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. ASU 2017-04 also eliminates the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. The standard must be adopted using a prospective basis and the nature and reason for the change in accounting principle should be disclosed upon transition. ASU 2017-04 is effective for annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on the Company’s results of operations, financial position and disclosures, but it is not expected to have a material impact.

ASU 2016-13 - Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instrument s (“ASU 2016-13”, “the ASU”). ASU 2016-13 significantly changes how entities will measure and report credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The standard will replace the current incurred loss approach with an expected loss model, referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. The new standard applies to financial assets measured at amortized cost as well as certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures including, but not limited to, loans, receivables, leases, held-to-maturity securities, loan commitments and financial guarantees.

ASU 2016-13 simplifies the accounting for purchased credit-impaired debt securities and loans and expands the disclosure requirements regarding assumptions, models and methods for estimating the allowance for loan and lease losses. Among other requirements, entities must disclose the amortized cost balance for each class of financial asset by credit quality indicator, disaggregated by the year of origination. ASU 2016-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019 with early adoption permitted for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company will adopt the new guidance on January 1, 2020. Upon adoption, ASU 2016-13 provides for a modified retrospective transition by means of a cumulative effect adjustment to equity as of the beginning of the period in which the guidance is effective.

The Company previously established a steering committee, including appropriate members of management, to evaluate the impact of the ASU adoption on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and financial statement disclosures. Under the direction of the committee, workstreams were established to execute the Company’s adoption plan. Workstreams including accounting and reporting; credit risk modeling; systems and data; and processes and controls meet regularly with senior management to report on progress and to make key decisions related to the adoption. The Company continues to make progress towards CECL readiness in each of these areas.

A key committee decision was the selection and implementation of software from a vendor of choice to estimate expected credit losses per the ASU. Other key decisions and milestones include the identification of financial assets within scope; the preparation of appropriate data for modeling; the establishment of a forecast period to estimate expected credit losses; the determination of a methodology for calculating expected credit losses; and the development of documentation to support the approach and accounting selections.

During the third quarter of 2019, the Company implemented the software and conducted a series of CECL modeling measurements using a discounted cash flow approach. As a result of these modeling measurements, the Company is calibrating its model and finalizing input decisions. Results from recent model runs have been consistent with prior projections and the Company’s expectations. The Company expects to continue to run CECL modeling in parallel with its current allowance process.

As the Company has progressed on implementation of the ASU, third-party and internal audit reviews have been conducted to assist with readiness. Identified issues have been addressed. In addition, the Company is in the progress of finalizing a third-party validation of its CECL model.

The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the ASU on results of operations, financial position and disclosures. The Company expects to recognize a one-time cumulative effect adjustment to equity and the allowance for loan losses as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the new standard is effective. The cumulative effect adjustment as well as the ongoing impact of implementation will be influenced by the composition, characteristics and quality of our portfolios, as well as the economic conditions and forecasts at the adoption date.

NOTE 2 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

In accounting for business combinations, the Company uses the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, Business Combinations . Under the acquisition method of accounting, assets acquired, liabilities assumed and consideration exchanged are recorded at their respective acquisition date fair values. Any identifiable intangible assets that are acquired in a business combination are recognized at fair value on the acquisition date. Identifiable intangible assets are recognized separately if they arise from contractual or other legal rights or if they are separable (i.e., capable of being sold, transferred, licensed, rented or exchanged separately from the entity). If the consideration given exceeds the fair value of the net assets received, goodwill is recognized. Determining the fair value of assets and liabilities is a complicated process involving significant judgment regarding methods and assumptions used to calculate estimated fair values. Fair values are subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition as additional information regarding the closing date fair values becomes available. In addition, management will assess and record the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities resulting from differences in the carrying value of acquired assets and assumed liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their basis for income tax purposes, including acquired net operating loss carryforwards and other acquired assets with built-in losses that are expected to be settled or otherwise recovered in future periods where the realization of such benefits would be subject to applicable limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

Fidelity Southern Corporation

On July 1, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of Fidelity Southern Corporation ("Fidelity"), a bank holding company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Upon consummation of the acquisition, Fidelity was merged with and into the Company, with Ameris as the surviving entity in the merger, and Fidelity's wholly owned banking subsidiary, Fidelity Bank, was merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank surviving. The acquisition expanded the Company's existing market presence in Georgia and Florida, as Fidelity Bank had a total of 62 branches at the time of closing, 46 of which were located in Georgia and 16 of which were located in Florida. Under the terms of the merger agreement, Fidelity's shareholders received 0.80 shares of Ameris common stock for each share of Fidelity common stock they previously held. As a result, the Company issued 22,181,522 shares of its common stock at a fair value of $ 869.3 million to Fidelity's shareholders as merger consideration.

The following table presents the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Fidelity as of July 1, 2019, and their fair value estimates. The fair value estimates were subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition for new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. The Company continues its evaluation of the facts and circumstances available as of July 1, 2019, to assign fair values to assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which could result in further adjustments to the fair values presented below. Because final external valuations were not complete as of September 30, 2019, management continues to evaluate fair value adjustments related to loans, premises, intangibles, interest-bearing deposits, other borrowings, subordinated deferrable interest debentures and deferred taxes.

(dollars in thousands)	As Recorded by Fidelity		Initial Fair Value Adjustments			As Recorded by Ameris
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$ 26,264		$ —			$ 26,264
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks	217,936		—			217,936
Investment securities	299,341		( 1,444	)	(a)	297,897
Other investments	7,449		—			7,449
Loans held for sale	328,657		( 1,290	)	(b)	327,367
Loans	3,587,412		( 79,002	)	(c)	3,508,410
Less allowance for loan losses	( 31,245	)	31,245		(d)	—
Loans, net	3,556,167		( 47,757	)		3,508,410
Other real estate owned	7,605		( 427	)	(e)	7,178
Premises and equipment	93,662		11,407		(f)	105,069
Other intangible assets, net	10,670		39,940		(g)	50,610
Cash value of bank owned life insurance	72,328		—			72,328
Deferred income taxes, net	104		( 104	)	(h)	—
Other assets	157,863		998		(i)	158,861
Total assets	$ 4,778,046		$ 1,323			$ 4,779,369
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$ 1,301,829		$ —			$ 1,301,829
Interest-bearing	2,740,552		942		(j)	2,741,494
Total deposits	4,042,381		942			4,043,323
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	22,345		—			22,345
Other borrowings	149,367		2,265		(k)	151,632
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	46,393		( 9,675	)	(l)	36,718
Deferred tax liability, net	12,222		( 11,401	)	(m)	821
Other liabilities	65,027		538		(n)	65,565
Total liabilities	4,337,735		( 17,331	)		4,320,404
Net identifiable assets acquired over (under) liabilities assumed	440,311		18,654			458,965
Goodwill	—		410,348			410,348
Net assets acquired over liabilities assumed	$ 440,311		$ 429,002			$ 869,313
Consideration:
Ameris Bancorp common shares issued	22,181,522
Price per share of the Company's common stock	39.19
Company common stock issued	$ 869,294
Cash exchanged for shares	$ 19
Fair value of total consideration transferred	$ 869,313

Explanation of fair value adjustments

(a) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments of the portfolio of investment securities as of the acquisition date.

(b) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired loans held for sale.

(c) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired loan portfolio, net of the reversal of Fidelity's unamortized accounting adjustments from Fidelity's prior acquisitions, loan premiums, loan discounts, deferred loan origination costs and deferred loan origination fees.

(d) Adjustment reflects the elimination of Fidelity's allowance for loan losses.

(e) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired OREO portfolio.

(f) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired premises and equipment.

(g) Adjustment reflects the recording of core deposit intangible on the acquired core deposit accounts, net of reversal of Fidelity's remaining intangible assets from its past acquisitions.

(h) Adjustment reflects the reclassification of Fidelity's deferred tax asset against the deferred tax liability.

(i) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment to other assets.

(j) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired deposits.

(k) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment to the other borrowings at the acquisition date, net of reversal of Fidelity's unamortized deferred issuance costs.

(l) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment to the subordinated deferrable interest debentures at the acquisition date.

(m) Adjustment reflects the deferred taxes on the differences in the carrying values of acquired assets and assumed liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their basis for federal income tax purposes and reclassification of Fidelity's deferred tax asset against the deferred tax liability.

(n) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired other liabilities.

Goodwill of $ 410.3 million , which is the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, was recorded in the Fidelity acquisition and is the result of expected operational synergies and other factors. This goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

In the acquisition, the Company purchased $ 3.51 billion of loans at fair value, net of $ 79.0 million , or 2.20 % , estimated discount to the outstanding principal balance. Of the total loans acquired, management identified $ 119.3 million that were considered to be credit impaired and are accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30. The table below summarizes the total contractually required principal and interest cash payments, management’s estimate of expected total cash payments and fair value of the loans as of the acquisition date for purchased credit impaired loans. Contractually required principal and interest payments have been adjusted for estimated prepayments.

(dollars in thousands) — Contractually required principal and interest	$ 186,118
Non-accretable difference	( 25,715	)
Cash flows expected to be collected	160,403
Accretable yield	( 41,084	)
Total purchased credit-impaired loans acquired	$ 119,319

The following table presents the acquired loan data for the Fidelity acquisition.

(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value of Acquired Loans at Acquisition Date	Gross Contractual Amounts Receivable at Acquisition Date	Estimate at Acquisition Date of Contractual Cash Flows Not Expected to be Collected
Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30	$ 119,319	$ 186,118	$ 25,715
Acquired receivables not subject to ASC 310-30	$ 3,389,091	$ 4,161,546	$ 30,419

Hamilton State Bancshares, Inc.

On June 29, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Hamilton State Bancshares, Inc. ("Hamilton"), a bank holding company headquartered in Hoschton, Georgia. Upon consummation of the acquisition, Hamilton was merged with and into the Company, with Ameris as the surviving entity in the merger, and Hamilton's wholly owned banking subsidiary, Hamilton State Bank, was merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank surviving. The acquisition expanded the Company's existing market presence, as Hamilton State Bank had a total of 28 full-service branches located in Atlanta, Georgia and the surrounding area, as well as in Gainesville, Georgia, at the time of closing. Under the terms of the merger agreement, Hamilton's shareholders received 0.16 shares of Ameris common stock and $ 0.93 in cash for each share of Hamilton voting common stock or nonvoting common stock they previously held. As a result, the Company issued 6,548,385 shares of its common stock at a fair value of $ 349.4 million and paid $ 47.8 million in cash to Hamilton's shareholders as merger consideration.

The following table presents the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Hamilton as of June 29, 2018, and their fair value estimates. The fair value estimates were subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition for new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. The Company finalized its fair value adjustments during the second quarter of 2019.

(dollars in thousands)	As Recorded by Hamilton		Initial Fair Value Adjustments			Subsequent Adjustments			As Recorded by Ameris
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$ 14,405		$ —			$ ( 478	)	(j)	$ 13,927
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks	102,156		—			—			102,156
Time deposits in other banks	11,558		—			—			11,558
Investment securities	288,206		( 2,376	)	(a)	—			285,830
Other investments	2,094		—			—			2,094
Loans	1,314,264		( 15,528	)	(b)	( 5,550	)	(k)	1,293,186
Less allowance for loan losses	( 11,183	)	11,183		(c)	—			—
Loans, net	1,303,081		( 4,345	)		( 5,550	)		1,293,186
Other real estate owned	847		—			—			847
Premises and equipment	27,483		—			1,488		(l)	28,971
Other intangible assets, net	18,755		( 2,755	)	(d)	7,610		(m)	23,610
Cash value of bank owned life insurance	4,454		—			—			4,454
Deferred income taxes, net	12,445		( 6,308	)	(e)	3,942		(n)	10,079
Other assets	13,053		—			( 2,098	)	(o)	10,955
Total assets	$ 1,798,537		$ ( 15,784	)		$ 4,914			$ 1,787,667
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$ 381,039		$ —			$ —			$ 381,039
Interest-bearing	1,201,324		( 1,896	)	(f)	4,783		(p)	1,204,211
Total deposits	1,582,363		( 1,896	)		4,783			1,585,250
Other borrowings	10,687		( 66	)	(g)	286		(q)	10,907
Subordinated deferrable interest debenture	3,093		( 658	)	(h)	( 143	)	(r)	2,292
Other liabilities	10,460		2,391		(i)	—			12,851
Total liabilities	1,606,603		( 229	)		4,926			1,611,300
Net identifiable assets acquired over (under) liabilities assumed	191,934		( 15,555	)		( 12	)		176,367
Goodwill	—		220,713			55			220,768
Net assets acquired over liabilities assumed	$ 191,934		$ 205,158			$ 43			$ 397,135
Consideration:
Ameris Bancorp common shares issued	6,548,385
Price per share of the Company's common stock	$ 53.35
Company common stock issued	$ 349,356
Cash exchanged for shares	$ 47,779
Fair value of total consideration transferred	$ 397,135

Explanation of fair value adjustments

(a) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments of the portfolio of investment securities as of the acquisition date.

(b) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired loan portfolio, net of the reversal of Hamilton's unamortized accounting adjustments from their prior acquisitions, loan premiums, loan discounts, deferred loan origination costs and deferred loan origination fees.

(d) Adjustment reflects the recording of core deposit intangible on the acquired core deposit accounts, net of reversal of Hamilton's remaining intangible assets from its past acquisitions.

(e) Adjustment reflects the deferred taxes on the differences in the carrying values of acquired assets and assumed liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their basis for federal income tax purposes.

(f) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired deposits.

(g) Adjustment reflects the reversal of Hamilton's unamortized accounting adjustments for other borrowings from its past acquisitions.

(h) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment to the subordinated deferrable interest debenture at the acquisition date.

(i) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment to the FDIC loss-share clawback liability included in other liabilities.

(j) Subsequent to acquisition, cash and due from banks were adjusted for Hamilton reconciling items.

(k) Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments to the acquired loan portfolio.

(l) Adjustment reflects the recording of fair value adjustment to premises and equipment.

(m) Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments to the core deposit intangible on the acquired core deposit accounts.

(n) Adjustment reflects additional recording of deferred taxes on the differences in the carrying values of acquired assets and assumed liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their basis for federal income tax purposes.

(o) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment to other assets.

(p) Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments on the acquired deposits.

(q) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment to other borrowings.

(r) Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments to the subordinated deferrable interest debenture.

Goodwill of $ 220.8 million , which is the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, was recorded in the Hamilton acquisition and is the result of expected operational synergies and other factors. This goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

In the acquisition, the Company purchased $ 1.29 billion of loans at fair value, net of $ 21.1 million , or 1.60 % , estimated discount to the outstanding principal balance. Of the total loans acquired, management identified $ 15.4 million that were considered to be credit impaired and are accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30. The table below summarizes the total contractually required principal and interest cash payments, management’s estimate of expected total cash payments and fair value of the loans as of the acquisition date for purchased credit impaired loans. Contractually required principal and interest payments have been adjusted for estimated prepayments.

(dollars in thousands) — Contractually required principal and interest	$ 21,223
Non-accretable difference	( 5,062	)
Cash flows expected to be collected	16,161
Accretable yield	( 794	)
Total purchased credit-impaired loans acquired	$ 15,367

The following table presents the acquired loan data for the Hamilton acquisition.

(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value of Acquired Loans at Acquisition Date	Gross Contractual Amounts Receivable at Acquisition Date	Estimate at Acquisition Date of Contractual Cash Flows Not Expected to be Collected
Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30	$ 15,367	$ 21,223	$ 5,062
Acquired receivables not subject to ASC 310-30	$ 1,277,819	$ 1,441,534	$ —

Atlantic Coast Financial Corporation

On May 25, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Atlantic Coast Financial Corporation ("Atlantic"), a bank holding company headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida. Upon consummation of the acquisition, Atlantic was merged with and into the Company, with Ameris as the surviving entity in the merger, and Atlantic's wholly owned banking subsidiary, Atlantic Coast Bank, was merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank surviving. The acquisition expanded the Company's existing market presence, as Atlantic Coast Bank had a total of 12 full-service branches located in Jacksonville and Jacksonville Beach, Duval County, Florida, Waycross, Georgia and Douglas, Georgia, at the time of closing. Under the terms of the merger agreement, Atlantic's shareholders received 0.17 shares of Ameris common stock and $ 1.39 in cash for each share of Atlantic common stock they previously held. As a result, the Company issued 2,631,520 shares of its common stock at a fair value of $ 147.8 million and paid $ 21.5 million in cash to Atlantic's shareholders as merger consideration.

The following table presents the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of Atlantic as of May 25, 2018, and their fair value estimates. The fair value estimates were subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition for new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. The Company finalized its fair value adjustments during the second quarter of 2019.

(dollars in thousands)	As Recorded by Atlantic		Initial Fair Value Adjustments			Subsequent Adjustments			As Recorded by Ameris
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$ 3,990		$ —			$ —			$ 3,990
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks	22,149		—			—			22,149
Investment securities	35,186		( 60	)	(a)	—			35,126
Other investments	9,576		—			—			9,576
Loans held for sale	358		—			—			358
Loans	777,605		( 19,423	)	(b)	( 2,478	)	(k)	755,704
Less allowance for loan losses	( 8,573	)	8,573		(c)	—			—
Loans, net	769,032		( 10,850	)		( 2,478	)		755,704
Other real estate owned	1,837		( 796	)	(d)	—			1,041
Premises and equipment	12,591		( 1,695	)	(e)	( 161	)	(l)	10,735
Other intangible assets, net	—		5,937		(f)	1,551		(m)	7,488
Cash value of bank owned life insurance	18,182		—			—			18,182
Deferred income taxes, net	5,782		709		(g)	1,220		(n)	7,711
Other assets	3,604		( 634	)	(h)	( 11	)	(o)	2,959
Total assets	$ 882,287		$ ( 7,389	)		$ 121			$ 875,019
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing	$ 69,761		$ —			$ —			$ 69,761
Interest-bearing	514,935		( 554	)	(i)	1,025		(p)	515,406
Total deposits	584,696		( 554	)		1,025			585,167
Other borrowings	204,475		—			—			204,475
Other liabilities	8,367		( 13	)	(j)	( 1,922	)	(q)	6,432
Total liabilities	797,538		( 567	)		( 897	)		796,074
Net identifiable assets acquired over (under) liabilities assumed	84,749		( 6,822	)		1,018			78,945
Goodwill	—		91,360			( 1,018	)		90,342
Net assets acquired over liabilities assumed	$ 84,749		$ 84,538			$ —			$ 169,287
Consideration:
Ameris Bancorp common shares issued	2,631,520
Price per share of the Company's common stock	$ 56.15
Company common stock issued	$ 147,760
Cash exchanged for shares	$ 21,527
Fair value of total consideration transferred	$ 169,287

Explanation of fair value adjustments

(a) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments of the portfolio of investment securities as of the acquisition date.

(b) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired loan portfolio, net of the reversal of Atlantic's unamortized accounting adjustments from loan premiums, loan discounts, deferred loan origination costs and deferred loan origination fees.

(d) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustment based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired OREO portfolio.

(e) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired premises and equipment.

(f) Adjustment reflects the recording of core deposit intangible on the acquired core deposit accounts.

(g) Adjustment reflects the deferred taxes on the differences in the carrying values of acquired assets and assumed liabilities for financial reporting purposes and their basis for federal income tax purposes.

(h) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired other assets.

(i) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired deposits.

(j) Adjustment reflects the fair value adjustments based on the Company's evaluation of the acquired other liabilities.

(k) Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments of the acquired loan portfolio.

(l) Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustment to premises and equipment.

(m) Adjustment reflects additional recording of fair value adjustments to the core deposit intangible on the acquired core deposit accounts.

(o) Adjustment reflects additional fair value adjustments on acquired other assets.

(p) Adjustment reflects additional fair value adjustments on the acquired deposits.

(q) Adjustment reflects additional fair value adjustments on acquired other liabilities.

Goodwill of $ 90.3 million , which is the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, was recorded in the Atlantic acquisition and is the result of expected operational synergies and other factors. This goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

In the acquisition, the Company purchased $ 755.7 million of loans at fair value, net of $ 21.9 million , or 2.82 % , estimated discount to the outstanding principal balance. Of the total loans acquired, management identified $ 10.8 million that were considered to be credit impaired and are accounted for under ASC Topic 310-30. The table below summarizes the total contractually required principal and interest cash payments, management’s estimate of expected total cash payments and fair value of the loans as of the acquisition date for purchased credit impaired loans. Contractually required principal and interest payments have been adjusted for estimated prepayments.

(dollars in thousands) — Contractually required principal and interest	$ 16,077
Non-accretable difference	( 4,115	)
Cash flows expected to be collected	11,962
Accretable yield	( 1,199	)
Total purchased credit-impaired loans acquired	$ 10,763

The following table presents the acquired loan data for the Atlantic acquisition.

(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value of Acquired Loans at Acquisition Date	Gross Contractual Amounts Receivable at Acquisition Date	Estimate at Acquisition Date of Contractual Cash Flows Not Expected to be Collected
Acquired receivables subject to ASC 310-30	$ 10,763	$ 16,077	$ 4,115
Acquired receivables not subject to ASC 310-30	$ 744,941	$ 1,041,768	$ —

US Premium Finance Holding Company

On January 31, 2018, the Company closed on the purchase of the final 70 % of the outstanding shares of common stock of US Premium Finance Holding Company, a Florida corporation ("USPF"), completing its acquisition of USPF and making USPF a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Through a series of three acquisition transactions that closed on January 18, 2017, January 3, 2018 and January 31, 2018, the Company issued a total of 1,073,158 shares of its common stock at a fair value of $ 55.9 million and paid $ 21.4 million in cash to the shareholders of USPF. Pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement dated January 25, 2018 under which the Company purchased the final 70 % of the outstanding shares of common stock of USPF, the selling shareholders of USPF could receive additional cash payments aggregating up to $ 5.8 million based on the achievement by the Company's premium finance division of certain income targets, between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2019. The total contingent consideration paid was $ 1.2 million based on results achieved through the applicable measurement dates. As of the January 31, 2018 acquisition date, the present value of the contingent earn-out consideration expected to be paid was $ 5.7 million . Including the fair value of the Company's common stock issued, cash paid and the present value of the contingent earn-out consideration expected to be paid, the aggregate purchase price of USPF amounted to $ 83.0 million .

Prior to the January 31, 2018 completion of the acquisition, the Company's 30 % investment in USPF was carried at its $ 23.9 million original cost basis. Once the acquisition was completed, the $ 83.0 million aggregate purchase price equaled the fair value of USPF which was determined utilizing the incremental projected earnings. Accordingly, no gain or loss was recorded by the Company in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive income as a result of remeasuring to fair value the prior minority equity investment in USPF held by the Company immediately before the business combination was completed.

The following table presents the assets acquired and liabilities assumed of USPF as of January 31, 2018 at their initial and subsequent fair value estimates, as recorded by the Company. The fair value estimates were subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of the acquisition for new information obtained about facts and circumstances that existed at the acquisition date. The assets acquired include only identifiable intangible assets related to insurance agent relationships that lead to referral of insurance premium finance loans to USPF, the "US Premium Finance" trade name and a non-compete agreement with a former USPF shareholder.

(dollars in thousands)	As Recorded by USPF	Initial Fair Value Adjustments		Subsequent Adjustments			As Recorded by Ameris
Assets
Intangible asset - insurance agent relationships	$ —	$ 20,000	(a)	$ 2,351		(e)	$ 22,351
Intangible asset - US Premium Finance trade name	—	1,136	(b)	( 42	)	(f)	1,094
Intangible asset - non-compete agreement	—	178	(c)	( 16	)	(g)	162
Total assets	$ —	$ 21,314		$ 2,293			$ 23,607
Liabilities
Deferred tax liability	$ —	$ 5,492	(d)	$ ( 368	)	(h)	$ 5,124
Total liabilities	—	5,492		( 368	)		5,124
Net identifiable assets acquired over liabilities assumed	—	15,822		2,661			18,483
Goodwill	—	67,159		( 2,661	)		64,498
Net assets acquired over liabilities assumed	$ —	$ 82,981		$ —			$ 82,981
Consideration:
Ameris Bancorp common shares issued	1,073,158
Price per share of the Company's common stock (weighted average)	$ 52.047
Company common stock issued	$ 55,855
Cash exchanged for shares	$ 21,421
Present value of contingent earn-out consideration expected to be paid	$ 5,705
Fair value of total consideration transferred	$ 82,981

Explanation of fair value adjustments

(a) Adjustment reflects the recording of the fair value of the insurance agent relationships intangible.

(b) Adjustment reflect the recording of the fair value of the trade name intangible.

(d) Adjustment reflects the deferred taxes on the differences in the carrying values of acquired intangible assets for financial reporting purposes and their basis for federal income tax purposes.

(e) Adjustment reflects additional fair value adjustment for the insurance agent relationships intangible.

(f) Adjustment reflects additional fair value adjustment for the trade name intangible.

(g) Adjustment reflects additional fair value adjustment for the non-compete agreement intangible.

(h) Adjustment reflects additional recording of deferred taxes on the differences in the carrying values of acquired intangible assets for financial reporting purposes and their basis for federal income tax purposes.

Goodwill of $ 64.5 million , which is the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, was recorded in the USPF acquisition and is the result of expected operational synergies and other factors. This goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

During the second quarter of 2018, the Company recorded $ 2.0 million in other noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income to reflect a decrease in the estimated contingent consideration liability. During the fourth quarter of 2018, the Company recorded $ 2.5 million in other noninterest income in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income to reflect a further decrease in the estimated contingent consideration liability. These decreases in the

estimated contingent consideration liability were based on projected results of the premium finance division for the entire measurement period from January 1, 2018 through June 30, 2019. No additional adjustment to the estimated contingent consideration liability was considered necessary for the first nine months of 2019 .

Pro Forma Financial Information

The results of operations of Fidelity, Hamilton, Atlantic and USPF subsequent to their acquisition dates are included in the Company’s consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. The following unaudited pro forma information reflects the Company’s estimated consolidated results of operations as if the acquisitions had occurred on January 1, 2018, unadjusted for potential cost savings. Merger and conversion charges are not included in the pro forma information below.

(dollars in thousands, except per share data; shares in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, — 2019	2018	Nine Months Ended September 30, — 2019	2018
Net interest income and noninterest income	$ 225,762	$ 201,618	$ 618,148	$ 602,620
Net income	$ 73,213	$ 54,481	$ 165,603	$ 140,952
Net income available to common shareholders	$ 73,213	$ 54,481	$ 165,603	$ 140,952
Income per common share available to common shareholders – basic	$ 1.06	$ 0.78	$ 2.38	$ 2.02
Income per common share available to common shareholders – diluted	$ 1.05	$ 0.78	$ 2.38	$ 2.02
Average number of shares outstanding, basic	69,372	69,696	69,469	69,628
Average number of shares outstanding, diluted	69,600	69,867	69,590	69,800

NOTE 3 – INVESTMENT SECURITIES

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities available for sale, along with unrealized gains and losses, are summarized as follows:

(dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost	Gross Unrealized Gains	Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
September 30, 2019
U.S. government sponsored agencies	$ 22,265	$ 95	$ —		$ 22,360
State, county and municipal securities	113,607	2,742	—		116,349
Corporate debt securities	51,740	1,211	( 33	)	52,918
Mortgage-backed securities	1,283,846	18,776	( 3,042	)	1,299,580
Total debt securities	$ 1,471,458	$ 22,824	$ ( 3,075	)	$ 1,491,207
December 31, 2018
State, county and municipal securities	$ 149,670	$ 1,367	$ ( 304	)	$ 150,733
Corporate debt securities	67,123	718	( 527	)	67,314
Mortgage-backed securities	982,183	4,172	( 11,979	)	974,376
Total debt securities	$ 1,198,976	$ 6,257	$ ( 12,810	)	$ 1,192,423

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available for sale securities at September 30, 2019 by contractual maturity are summarized in the table below. Expected maturities for mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities because in certain cases borrowers can prepay obligations without prepayment penalties. Therefore, these securities are shown separately.

( dollars in thousands)	Amortized Cost	Estimated Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$ 16,799	$ 16,858
Due from one year to five years	74,218	75,228
Due from five to ten years	67,248	69,498
Due after ten years	29,347	30,043
Mortgage-backed securities	1,283,846	1,299,580
	$ 1,471,458	$ 1,491,207

Securities with a carrying value of approximately $ 513.7 million serve as collateral to secure public deposits, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and for other purposes required or permitted by law at September 30, 2019 , compared with $ 510.0 million at December 31, 2018 .

The following table details the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of securities aggregated by category and duration of continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 .

(dollars in thousands)	Less Than 12 Months — Estimated Fair Value	Unrealized Losses		12 Months or More — Estimated Fair Value	Unrealized Losses		Total — Estimated Fair Value	Unrealized Losses
September 30, 2019
State, county and municipal securities	$ 559	$ —		$ —	$ —		$ 559	$ —
Corporate debt securities	1,470	( 30	)	2,090	( 3	)	3,560	( 33	)
Mortgage-backed securities	345,451	( 1,828	)	81,039	( 1,214	)	426,490	( 3,042	)
Total debt securities	$ 347,480	$ ( 1,858	)	$ 83,129	$ ( 1,217	)	$ 430,609	$ ( 3,075	)
December 31, 2018
State, county and municipal securities	$ 23,784	$ ( 52	)	$ 33,873	$ ( 252	)	$ 57,657	$ ( 304	)
Corporate debt securities	17,291	( 111	)	17,952	( 416	)	35,243	( 527	)
Mortgage-backed securities	119,745	( 580	)	435,749	( 11,399	)	555,494	( 11,979	)
Total debt securities	$ 160,820	$ ( 743	)	$ 487,574	$ ( 12,067	)	$ 648,394	$ ( 12,810	)

As of September 30, 2019 , the Company’s securities portfolio consisted of 568 securities, 136 of which were in an unrealized loss position. The majority of unrealized losses are related to the Company’s mortgage-backed securities, as discussed below.

At September 30, 2019 , the Company held 133 mortgage-backed securities that were in an unrealized loss position, all of which were issued by U.S. government-sponsored entities and agencies. Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and illiquidity, and not credit quality, and because the Company does not have the intent to sell these mortgage-backed securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, the Company does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2019 .

At September 30, 2019 , the Company held one state, county and municipal security and two corporate debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position. Because the decline in fair value is attributable to changes in interest rates and illiquidity, and not credit quality, and because the Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and it is likely that it will not be required to sell the securities before their anticipated recovery, the Company does not consider these securities to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2019 .

The Company’s investments in corporate debt include investments in regional and super-regional banks on which the Company prepares regular analysis through review of financial information and credit ratings. Investments in preferred securities are also concentrated in the preferred obligations of regional and super-regional banks through non-pooled investment structures. The Company did not have investments in “pooled” trust preferred securities at September 30, 2019 or December 31, 2018 .

Management and the Company’s Asset and Liability Committee (the “ALCO Committee”) evaluate securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market conditions warrant such evaluation. While the majority of the unrealized losses on debt securities relate to changes in interest rates, corporate debt securities have also been affected by reduced levels of liquidity and higher risk premiums. Occasionally, management engages independent third parties to evaluate the Company’s position in certain corporate debt securities to aid management and the ALCO Committee in its determination regarding the status of impairment. The Company believes that each investment poses minimal credit risk. Furthermore, the Company does not intend to sell these investment securities at an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2019 , and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery or maturity. Therefore, at September 30, 2019 , these investments are not considered impaired on an other-than-temporary basis.

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , all of the Company’s mortgage-backed securities were obligations of government-sponsored agencies.

The following table is a summary of sales activities in the Company’s investment securities available for sale for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 :

(dollars in thousands) — Gross gains on sales of securities	September 30, 2019 — $ 522		September 30, 2018 — $ 390
Gross losses on sales of securities	( 464	)	( 301	)
Net realized gains on sales of securities available for sale	$ 58		$ 89
Sales proceeds	$ 64,995		$ 68,727

Total gain on securities reported on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income is comprised of the following for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 :

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019	September 30, 2018
Net realized gains on sales of securities available for sale	$ 58	$ 89
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on equity securities	19	( 127	)
Net realized gains on sales of other investments	62	—
Total gain (loss) on securities	$ 139	$ ( 38	)

NOTE 4 – LOANS

The Bank engages in a full complement of lending activities, including real estate-related loans, agriculture-related loans, commercial and financial loans and consumer installment loans within select markets in Georgia, Alabama, Florida and South Carolina. The Bank purchased residential mortgage loan pools during 2015 and 2016 collateralized by properties located outside our Southeast markets, specifically in California, Washington and Illinois. During the third quarter of 2016, the Bank began purchasing from unrelated third parties consumer installment home improvement loans made to borrowers throughout the United States. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the net carrying value of these consumer installment home improvement loans was approximately $ 404.7 million and $ 399.9 million , respectively, and such loans are reported in the consumer installment loan category. During the fourth quarter of 2016, the Bank purchased a pool of commercial insurance premium finance loans made to borrowers throughout the United States and began to originate, administer and service these types of loans. As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the net carrying value of commercial insurance premium loans was approximately $ 648.7 million and $ 413.5 million , respectively, and such loans are reported in the commercial, financial and agricultural loan category.

The Bank concentrates the majority of its lending activities in real estate loans. While risk of loss in the Company’s portfolio is primarily tied to the credit quality of the various borrowers, risk of loss may increase due to factors beyond the Company’s control, such as local, regional and/or national economic downturns. General conditions in the real estate market may also impact the relative risk in the real estate portfolio. A substantial portion of the Bank’s loans are secured by real estate in the Bank’s primary market area. In addition, a substantial portion of the OREO is located in those same markets. Accordingly, the ultimate collectability of a substantial portion of the Bank’s loan portfolio and the recovery of a substantial portion of the carrying amount of OREO are susceptible to changes in real estate conditions in the Bank’s primary market area.

Commercial, financial and agricultural loans include both secured and unsecured loans for working capital, expansion, crop production, commercial insurance premium finance, and other business purposes. Commercial, financial and agricultural loans also include SBA loans and municipal loans. Short-term working capital loans are secured by non-real estate collateral such as accounts receivable, crops, inventory and equipment. The Bank evaluates the financial strength, cash flow, management, credit history of the borrower and the quality of the collateral securing the loan. The Bank often requires personal guarantees and secondary sources of repayment on commercial, financial and agricultural loans.

Real estate loans include construction and development loans, commercial and farmland loans and residential loans. Construction and development loans include loans for the development of residential neighborhoods, one-to-four family home residential construction loans to builders and consumers, and commercial real estate construction loans, primarily for owner-occupied properties. The Company limits its construction lending risk through adherence to established underwriting procedures. Commercial real estate loans include loans secured by owner-occupied commercial buildings for office, storage, retail and warehouse space as well as farmland. They also include non-owner-occupied commercial buildings such as leased retail and office space. Commercial real estate loans may be larger in size and may involve a greater degree of risk than one-to-four family residential mortgage loans. Payments on such loans are often dependent on successful operation or management of the properties. The Company’s residential loans represent permanent mortgage financing and are secured by residential properties located within the Bank's market areas, along with warehouse lines of credit secured by residential mortgages.

Consumer installment loans include home improvement loans, automobile loans, boat and recreational vehicle financing, and secured and unsecured personal loans. Consumer loans carry greater risks than other loans, as the collateral can consist of rapidly depreciating assets such as automobiles and equipment that may not provide an adequate source of repayment of the loan in the case of default.

Loans are stated at unpaid balances, net of unearned income and deferred loan fees. Balances within the major loans receivable categories are presented in the following table, excluding purchased loans:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$ 1,781,237	$ 1,316,359
Real estate – construction and development	947,371	671,198
Real estate – commercial and farmland	2,152,528	1,814,529
Real estate – residential	1,866,128	1,403,000
Consumer installment	461,552	455,371
	$ 7,208,816	$ 5,660,457

Purchased loans are defined as loans that were acquired in bank acquisitions including those that are covered by a loss-sharing agreement with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”). Purchased loans totaling $ 5.39 billion and $ 2.59 billion at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively, are not included in the above schedule.

Purchased loans are shown below according to major loan type as of the end of the periods shown:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$ 385,355	$ 372,686
Real estate – construction and development	521,324	227,900
Real estate – commercial and farmland	2,057,384	1,337,859
Real estate – residential	1,285,096	623,199
Consumer installment	1,139,177	27,188
	$ 5,388,336	$ 2,588,832

A rollforward of purchased loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 is shown below:

(dollars in thousands) — Balance, January 1	September 30, 2019 — $ 2,588,832		September 30, 2018 — $ 861,595
Charge-offs	( 3,521	)	( 1,314	)
Additions due to acquisitions	3,508,410		2,054,440
Accretion	10,503		8,083
Subsequent fair value adjustments recorded to goodwill	( 4,854	)	—
Loans sold	( 86,773	)	—
Transfers to loans held for sale	( 1,554	)	—
Transfers to purchased other real estate owned	( 3,908	)	( 2,434	)
Payments received, net of principal advances	( 618,799	)	( 208,910	)
Ending balance	$ 5,388,336		$ 2,711,460

The following is a summary of changes in the accretable discounts of purchased loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 :

(dollars in thousands) — Balance, January 1	September 30, 2019 — $ 40,496		September 30, 2018 — $ 20,192
Additions due to acquisitions	38,116		29,318
Accretion	( 10,503	)	( 8,083	)
Accretable discounts removed due to charge-offs	—		( 16	)
Transfers between non-accretable and accretable discounts, net	( 2,052	)	1,569
Ending balance	$ 66,057		$ 42,980

remaining purchase premium paid at acquisition. As of December 31, 2018 , purchased loan pools totaled $ 262.6 million with principal balances totaling $ 260.5 million and $ 2.1 million of remaining purchase premium paid at acquisition.

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , all loans in purchased loan pools were performing current loans risk-rated grade 3 (Good Credit). At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , purchased loan pools had no loans on nonaccrual status and had no loans classified as troubled debt restructurings.

At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company had allocated $ 619,000 and $ 732,000 , respectively, of allowance for loan losses for the purchased loan pools.

As part of the due diligence process prior to purchasing an individual mortgage pool, a complete re-underwrite of the individual loan files was conducted. The underwriting process included a review of all income, asset, credit and property related documentation that was used to originate the loan. Underwriters utilized the originating lender’s program guidelines, as well as general prudent mortgage lending standards, to assess each individual loan file. Additional research was conducted to assess the real estate market conditions and market expectations in the geographic areas where a collateral concentration existed. As part of this review, an automated valuation model was employed to provide current collateral valuations and to support individual loan-to-value ratios. Additionally, a sample of site inspections was completed to provide further assurance. The results of the due diligence review were evaluated by officers of the Company in order to determine overall conformance to the Bank’s credit and lending policies.

Nonaccrual and Past-Due Loans

A loan is placed on nonaccrual status when, in management’s judgment, the collection of the interest income appears doubtful. Interest receivable that has been accrued and is subsequently determined to have doubtful collectability is charged against interest income. Interest on loans that are classified as nonaccrual is subsequently applied to principal until the loans are returned to accrual status. Loans are returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current and future payments are reasonably assured. Past-due loans are loans whose principal or interest is past due 30 days or more. In some cases, where borrowers are experiencing financial difficulties, loans may be restructured to provide terms significantly different from the original contractual terms.

The following table presents an analysis of loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis, excluding purchased loans:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$ 3,103	$ 1,412
Real estate – construction and development	1,357	892
Real estate – commercial and farmland	3,588	4,654
Real estate – residential	13,226	10,465
Consumer installment	465	529
	$ 21,739	$ 17,952

The following table presents an analysis of purchased loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$ 5,370	$ 1,199
Real estate – construction and development	5,326	6,119
Real estate – commercial and farmland	18,777	5,534
Real estate – residential	48,559	10,769
Consumer installment	730	486
	$ 78,762	$ 24,107

The following table presents an analysis of past-due loans, excluding purchased past-due loans as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

(dollars in thousands)	Loans 30-59 Days Past Due	Loans 60-89 Days Past Due	Loans 90 or More Days Past Due	Total Loans Past Due	Current Loans	Total Loans	Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing
September 30, 2019
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$ 10,695	$ 2,246	$ 8,278	$ 21,219	$ 1,760,018	$ 1,781,237	$ 5,380
Real estate – construction and development	999	675	900	2,574	944,797	947,371	—
Real estate – commercial and farmland	4,101	326	2,813	7,240	2,145,288	2,152,528	—
Real estate – residential	12,898	3,235	12,139	28,272	1,837,856	1,866,128	—
Consumer installment	2,167	1,215	767	4,149	457,403	461,552	456
Total	$ 30,860	$ 7,697	$ 24,897	$ 63,454	$ 7,145,362	$ 7,208,816	$ 5,836
December 31, 2018
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$ 6,479	$ 5,295	$ 4,763	$ 16,537	$ 1,299,822	$ 1,316,359	$ 3,808
Real estate – construction and development	1,218	481	725	2,424	668,774	671,198	—
Real estate – commercial and farmland	1,625	530	3,645	5,800	1,808,729	1,814,529	—
Real estate – residential	11,423	4,631	8,923	24,977	1,378,023	1,403,000	—
Consumer installment	2,344	1,167	735	4,246	451,125	455,371	414
Total	$ 23,089	$ 12,104	$ 18,791	$ 53,984	$ 5,606,473	$ 5,660,457	$ 4,222

The following table presents an analysis of purchased past-due loans as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

(dollars in thousands)	Loans 30-59 Days Past Due	Loans 60-89 Days Past Due	Loans 90 or More Days Past Due	Total Loans Past Due	Current Loans	Total Loans	Loans 90 Days or More Past Due and Still Accruing
September 30, 2019
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$ 758	$ 1,435	$ 3,720	$ 5,913	$ 379,442	$ 385,355	$ —
Real estate – construction and development	332	—	5,211	5,543	515,781	521,324	414
Real estate – commercial and farmland	2,416	1,480	13,498	17,394	2,039,990	2,057,384	66
Real estate – residential	24,707	7,092	23,453	55,252	1,229,844	1,285,096	—
Consumer installment	2,347	906	203	3,456	1,135,721	1,139,177	9
Total	$ 30,560	$ 10,913	$ 46,085	$ 87,558	$ 5,300,778	$ 5,388,336	$ 489
December 31, 2018
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$ 421	$ 416	$ 1,015	$ 1,852	$ 370,834	$ 372,686	$ —
Real estate – construction and development	627	370	5,273	6,270	221,630	227,900	—
Real estate – commercial and farmland	1,935	736	1,698	4,369	1,333,490	1,337,859	—
Real estate – residential	12,531	2,407	7,005	21,943	601,256	623,199	—
Consumer installment	679	237	249	1,165	26,023	27,188	—
Total	$ 16,193	$ 4,166	$ 15,240	$ 35,599	$ 2,553,233	$ 2,588,832	$ —

Impaired Loans

Loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due in accordance with the original contractual terms of the loan agreements. Impaired loans include loans on nonaccrual status and accruing troubled debt restructurings. When determining if the Company will be unable to collect all principal and interest payments due in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement, the Company considers the borrower’s capacity to pay, which includes such factors as the borrower’s current financial statements, an analysis of global cash flow sufficient to pay all debt obligations and an evaluation of secondary sources of repayment, such as guarantor support and collateral value. The Company individually assesses for impairment all nonaccrual loans greater than $ 100,000 and all troubled debt restructurings greater than $ 100,000 (including all troubled debt restructurings, whether or not currently classified as such). The tables below include all loans deemed impaired, whether or not individually assessed for impairment. If a loan is deemed impaired, a specific valuation allowance is allocated, if necessary, so that the loan is reported net, at the present value of estimated future cash flows using the loan’s existing rate or at the fair value of collateral if repayment is expected solely from the collateral. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured, in which case interest is recognized on a cash basis.

The following is a summary of information pertaining to impaired loans, excluding purchased loans:

(dollars in thousands)	As of and for the Period Ended — September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018	September 30, 2018
Nonaccrual loans	$ 21,739	$ 17,952	$ 15,986
Troubled debt restructurings not included above	13,430	9,323	10,943
Total impaired loans	$ 35,169	$ 27,275	$ 26,929
Quarter-to-date interest income recognized on impaired loans	$ 317	$ 202	$ 201
Year-to-date interest income recognized on impaired loans	$ 782	$ 827	$ 625
Quarter-to-date foregone interest income on impaired loans	$ 223	$ 217	$ 225
Year-to-date foregone interest income on impaired loans	$ 630	$ 853	$ 636

The following table presents an analysis of information pertaining to impaired loans, excluding purchased loans as of September 30, 2019 , December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 :

(dollars in thousands)	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance	Recorded Investment With No Allowance	Recorded Investment With Allowance	Total Recorded Investment	Related Allowance	Three Month Average Recorded Investment	Nine Month Average Recorded Investment
September 30, 2019
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$ 4,242	$ 773	$ 2,979	$ 3,752	$ 1,569	$ 3,724	$ 2,645
Real estate – construction and development	2,019	505	921	1,426	113	1,350	1,280
Real estate – commercial and farmland	6,991	593	5,783	6,376	488	6,235	6,610
Real estate – residential	23,476	5,234	17,907	23,141	1,557	21,365	19,650
Consumer installment	496	474	—	474	—	451	471
Total	$ 37,224	$ 7,579	$ 27,590	$ 35,169	$ 3,727	$ 33,125	$ 30,656

(dollars in thousands)	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance	Recorded Investment With No Allowance	Recorded Investment With Allowance	Total Recorded Investment	Related Allowance	Three Month Average Recorded Investment	Twelve Month Average Recorded Investment
December 31, 2018
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$ 1,902	$ 1,155	$ 513	$ 1,668	$ 4	$ 1,736	$ 1,637
Real estate – construction and development	1,378	613	424	1,037	3	1,229	984
Real estate – commercial and farmland	8,950	867	6,649	7,516	1,591	7,537	7,879
Real estate – residential	16,885	5,144	11,365	16,509	867	14,719	15,029
Consumer installment	561	545	—	545	—	584	534
Total	$ 29,676	$ 8,324	$ 18,951	$ 27,275	$ 2,465	$ 25,805	$ 26,063

(dollars in thousands)	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance	Recorded Investment With No Allowance	Recorded Investment With Allowance	Total Recorded Investment	Related Allowance	Three Month Average Recorded Investment	Nine Month Average Recorded Investment
September 30, 2018
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$ 2,216	$ 966	$ 838	$ 1,804	$ 5	$ 1,791	$ 1,629
Real estate – construction and development	1,444	720	701	1,421	46	1,110	971
Real estate – commercial and farmland	8,911	536	7,021	7,557	1,799	8,186	7,969
Real estate – residential	15,964	5,298	10,226	15,524	782	15,726	15,308
Consumer installment	658	623	—	623	—	571	531
Total	$ 29,193	$ 8,143	$ 18,786	$ 26,929	$ 2,632	$ 27,384	$ 26,408

The following is a summary of information pertaining to purchased impaired loans:

(dollars in thousands)	As of and for the Period Ended — September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018	September 30, 2018
Nonaccrual loans	$ 78,762	$ 24,107	$ 27,764
Troubled debt restructurings not included above	18,295	18,740	20,363
Total impaired loans	$ 97,057	$ 42,847	$ 48,127
Quarter-to-date interest income recognized on impaired loans	$ 587	$ 918	$ 309
Year-to-date interest income recognized on impaired loans	$ 2,148	$ 2,203	$ 1,285
Quarter-to-date foregone interest income on impaired loans	$ 1,356	$ 451	$ 506
Year-to-date foregone interest income on impaired loans	$ 2,427	$ 1,483	$ 1,032

The following table presents an analysis of information pertaining to purchased impaired loans as of September 30, 2019 , December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2018 :

(dollars in thousands)	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance	Recorded Investment With No Allowance	Recorded Investment With Allowance	Total Recorded Investment	Related Allowance	Three Month Average Recorded Investment	Nine Month Average Recorded Investment
September 30, 2019
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$ 16,132	$ 3,445	$ 1,956	$ 5,401	$ 54	$ 5,401	$ 3,980
Real estate – construction and development	13,256	169	6,035	6,204	262	6,204	6,622
Real estate – commercial and farmland	38,382	14,629	9,977	24,606	555	24,606	18,018
Real estate – residential	63,328	48,469	11,647	60,116	654	60,116	40,808
Consumer installment	3,479	730	—	730	—	730	635
Total	$ 134,577	$ 67,442	$ 29,615	$ 97,057	$ 1,525	$ 97,057	$ 70,063

(dollars in thousands)	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance	Recorded Investment With No Allowance	Recorded Investment With Allowance	Total Recorded Investment	Related Allowance	Three Month Average Recorded Investment	Twelve Month Average Recorded Investment
December 31, 2018
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$ 5,717	$ 473	$ 757	$ 1,230	$ —	$ 1,101	$ 836
Real estate – construction and development	13,714	623	6,511	7,134	476	7,240	5,712
Real estate – commercial and farmland	14,766	1,115	10,581	11,696	684	13,514	12,349
Real estate – residential	24,839	8,185	14,116	22,301	773	23,146	21,433
Consumer installment	526	486	—	486	—	487	229
Total	$ 59,562	$ 10,882	$ 31,965	$ 42,847	$ 1,933	$ 45,488	$ 40,559

(dollars in thousands)	Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance	Recorded Investment With No Allowance	Recorded Investment With Allowance	Total Recorded Investment	Related Allowance	Three Month Average Recorded Investment	Nine Month Average Recorded Investment
September 30, 2018
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$ 5,499	$ 631	$ 341	$ 972	$ —	$ 670	$ 737
Real estate – construction and development	16,066	312	7,033	7,345	255	6,561	5,356
Real estate – commercial and farmland	20,297	3,013	12,319	15,332	872	13,282	12,513
Real estate – residential	27,028	8,393	15,598	23,991	886	22,932	21,217
Consumer installment	537	487	—	487	—	287	165
Total	$ 69,427	$ 12,836	$ 35,291	$ 48,127	$ 2,013	$ 43,732	$ 39,988

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company uses a nine category risk grading system to assign a risk grade to each loan in the portfolio. The following is a description of the general characteristics of the grades:

Grade 1 – Prime Credit – This grade represents loans to the Company’s most creditworthy borrowers or loans that are secured by cash or cash equivalents.

Grade 2 – Strong Credit – This grade includes loans that exhibit one or more characteristics better than that of a Good Credit. Generally, the debt service coverage and borrower’s liquidity is materially better than required by the Company’s loan policy.

Grade 3 – Good Credit – This grade is assigned to loans to borrowers who exhibit satisfactory credit histories, contain acceptable loan structures and demonstrate ability to repay.

Grade 4 – Satisfactory Credit – This grade includes loans which exhibit all the characteristics of a Good Credit, but warrant more than normal level of banker supervision due to (i) circumstances which elevate the risks of performance (such as start-up operations, untested management, heavy leverage and interim losses); (ii) adverse, extraordinary events that have affected, or could affect, the borrower’s cash flow, financial condition, ability to continue operating profitability or refinancing (such as death of principal, fire and divorce); (iii) loans that require more than the normal servicing requirements (such as any type of construction financing, acquisition and development loans, accounts receivable or inventory loans and floor plan loans); (iv) existing technical exceptions which raise some doubts about the Bank’s perfection in its collateral position or the continued financial capacity of the borrower; or (v) improvements in formerly criticized borrowers, which may warrant banker supervision.

Grade 5 – Fair Credit – This grade is assigned to loans that are currently performing and supported by adequate financial information that reflects repayment capacity but exhibits a loan-to-value ratio greater than 110% , based on a documented collateral valuation.

Grade 6 – Other Assets Especially Mentioned – This grade includes loans that exhibit potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date.

Grade 7 – Substandard – This grade represents loans which are inadequately protected by the current credit worthiness and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. These assets exhibit a well-defined weakness or are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. These weaknesses may be characterized by past due performance, operating losses or questionable collateral values.

Grade 8 – Doubtful – This grade includes loans which exhibit all of the characteristics of a substandard loan with the added provision that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable or improbable.

Grade 9 – Loss – This grade is assigned to loans which are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as active assets of the Bank is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing it off.

The following table presents the loan portfolio, excluding purchased loans, by risk grade as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

Risk Grade	Commercial, Financial and Agricultural	Real Estate - Construction and Development	Real Estate - Commercial and Farmland	Real Estate - Residential	Consumer Installment	Total
September 30, 2019
1	$ 520,635	$ —	$ 211	$ 29	$ 12,183	$ 533,058
2	672,622	17,908	27,429	30,552	—	748,511
3	200,075	110,267	1,150,753	1,710,512	25,137	3,196,744
4	360,834	780,296	843,062	96,029	423,560	2,503,781
5	19,919	28,696	79,753	6,789	22	135,179
6	1,997	7,531	27,562	3,378	103	40,571
7	5,141	2,673	23,758	18,839	545	50,956
8	14	—	—	—	—	14
9	—	—	—	—	2	2
Total	$ 1,781,237	$ 947,371	$ 2,152,528	$ 1,866,128	$ 461,552	$ 7,208,816
December 31, 2018
1	$ 530,864	$ 40	$ 500	$ 16	$ 10,744	$ 542,164
2	452,250	681	37,079	33,043	48	523,101
3	174,811	74,657	888,433	1,246,383	23,844	2,408,128
4	137,038	582,456	814,068	94,143	419,983	2,047,688
5	13,714	6,264	30,364	8,634	78	59,054
6	5,130	4,091	20,959	4,881	57	35,118
7	2,552	3,009	23,126	15,900	617	45,204
8	—	—	—	—	—	—
9	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total	$ 1,316,359	$ 671,198	$ 1,814,529	$ 1,403,000	$ 455,371	$ 5,660,457

The following table presents the purchased loan portfolio by risk grade as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

Risk Grade	Commercial, Financial and Agricultural	Real Estate - Construction and Development	Real Estate - Commercial and Farmland	Real Estate - Residential	Consumer Installment	Total
September 30, 2019
1	$ 77,581	$ —	$ —	$ —	$ 2,642	$ 80,223
2	18,645	—	9,550	63,722	16,190	108,107
3	56,256	25,070	454,344	1,027,427	1,097,603	2,660,700
4	171,329	466,461	1,455,604	129,058	19,787	2,242,239
5	32,569	9,184	60,071	15,372	49	117,245
6	8,878	13,914	43,747	6,999	126	73,664
7	20,097	6,695	34,068	42,518	2,780	106,158
8	—	—	—	—	—	—
9	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total	$ 385,355	$ 521,324	$ 2,057,384	$ 1,285,096	$ 1,139,177	$ 5,388,336
December 31, 2018
1	$ 90,205	$ —	$ —	$ —	$ 570	$ 90,775
2	2,648	—	7,407	74,398	164	84,617
3	20,489	18,022	230,089	385,279	2,410	656,289
4	215,096	195,079	1,034,943	118,082	23,177	1,586,377
5	14,445	2,728	29,468	16,937	35	63,613
6	11,601	1,459	10,063	7,231	94	30,448
7	18,202	10,612	25,889	21,272	738	76,713
8	—	—	—	—	—	—
9	—	—	—	—	—	—
Total	$ 372,686	$ 227,900	$ 1,337,859	$ 623,199	$ 27,188	$ 2,588,832

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The restructuring of a loan is considered a “troubled debt restructuring” if both (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and (ii) the Company has granted a concession. Concessions may include interest rate reductions to below market interest rates, principal forgiveness, restructuring amortization schedules and other actions intended to minimize potential losses. The Company has exhibited the greatest success for rehabilitation of the loan by a reduction in the rate alone (maintaining the amortization of the debt) or a combination of a rate reduction and the forbearance of previously past due interest or principal. This has most typically been evidenced in certain commercial real estate loans whereby a disruption in the borrower’s cash flow resulted in an extended past due status, of which the borrower was unable to catch up completely as the cash flow of the property ultimately stabilized at a level lower than its original level. A reduction in rate, coupled with a forbearance of unpaid principal and/or interest, allowed the net cash flows to service the debt under the modified terms.

The Company’s policy requires a restructure request to be supported by a current, well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and a collateral evaluation that is no older than six months from the date of the restructure. Key factors of that evaluation include the documentation of current, recurring cash flows, support provided by the guarantor(s) and the current valuation of the collateral. If the appraisal in the file is older than six months, an evaluation must be made as to the continued reasonableness of the valuation. For certain income-producing properties, current rent rolls and/or other income information can be utilized to support the appraisal valuation, when coupled with documented cap rates within our markets and a physical inspection of the collateral to validate the current condition.

The Company’s policy states that in the event a loan has been identified as a troubled debt restructuring, it should be assigned a grade of substandard and placed on nonaccrual status until such time the borrower has demonstrated the ability to service the loan payments based on the restructured terms – generally defined as six months of satisfactory payment history. Missed payments under the original loan terms are not considered under the new structure; however, subsequent missed payments are considered non-performance and are not considered toward the six month required term of satisfactory payment history. The Company’s loan policy states that a nonaccrual loan may be returned to accrual status when (i) none of its principal and interest is due and unpaid, and the Company expects repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest or (ii) it otherwise becomes well secured and in the process of collection. Restoration to accrual status on any given loan must be supported by a well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and the prospects for full repayment and approved by the Company’s Chief Credit Officer.

In the normal course of business, the Company renews loans with a modification of the interest rate or terms that are not deemed as troubled debt restructurings because the borrower is not experiencing financial difficulty. The Company modified loans in the first nine months of 2019 and 2018 totaling $ 168.6 million and $ 64.0 million , respectively, under such parameters.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company had a balance of $ 15.1 million and $ 11.0 million , respectively, in troubled debt restructurings, excluding purchased loans. The Company has recorded $ 883,000 and $ 890,000 in previous charge-offs on such loans at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. The Company’s balance in the allowance for loan losses allocated to such troubled debt restructurings was $ 1.6 million and $ 820,000 at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. At September 30, 2019 , the Company did not have any commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in troubled restructurings.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 , the Company modified loans as troubled debt restructurings, excluding purchased loans, with principal balances of $ 5.0 million and $ 2.3 million , respectively, and these modifications did not have a material impact on the Company’s allowance for loan loss. The following table presents the loans by class modified as troubled debt restructurings, excluding purchased loans, which occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 :

Loan Class	September 30, 2019 — #	Balance (in thousands)	September 30, 2018 — #	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	3	$ 550	10	$ 302
Real estate – construction and development	—	—	1	3
Real estate – commercial and farmland	2	224	1	303
Real estate – residential	21	4,183	12	1,617
Consumer installment	7	26	6	36
Total	33	$ 4,983	30	$ 2,261

Troubled debt restructurings, excluding purchased loans, with an outstanding balance of $ 843,000 and $ 1.7 million defaulted during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively, and these defaults did not have a material impact on the Company’s allowance for loan loss. The following table presents for loans, excluding purchased loans, the troubled debt restructurings by class that defaulted (defined as 30 days past due) during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 :

Loan Class	September 30, 2019 — #	Balance (in thousands)	September 30, 2018 — #	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	1	$ 3	4	$ 10
Real estate – construction and development	—	—	—	—
Real estate – commercial and farmland	3	341	2	548
Real estate – residential	4	481	17	1,155
Consumer installment	5	18	6	23
Total	13	$ 843	29	$ 1,736

The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by loan class, excluding purchased loans, classified separately as accrual and nonaccrual at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

September 30, 2019 — Loan Class	Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)	Non-Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	5	$ 649	13	$ 119
Real estate – construction and development	3	69	1	1
Real estate – commercial and farmland	12	2,788	3	530
Real estate – residential	88	9,915	20	925
Consumer installment	5	9	23	66
Total	113	$ 13,430	60	$ 1,641

December 31, 2018 — Loan Class	Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)	Non-Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	5	$ 256	14	$ 138
Real estate – construction and development	5	145	1	2
Real estate – commercial and farmland	12	2,863	3	426
Real estate – residential	71	6,043	20	1,119
Consumer installment	6	16	24	69
Total	99	$ 9,323	62	$ 1,754

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company had a balance of $ 21.2 million and $ 22.2 million , respectively, in troubled debt restructurings included in purchased loans. The Company has recorded $ 1.1 million and $ 940,000 in previous charge-offs on such loans at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. At September 30, 2019 , the Company did not have any commitments to lend additional funds to debtors whose terms have been modified in troubled restructurings.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 , the Company modified purchased loans as troubled debt restructurings, with principal balances of $ 1.7 million and $ 1.9 million , respectively, and these modifications did not have a material impact on the Company’s allowance for loan loss. The following table presents the purchased loans by class modified as troubled debt restructurings, which occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 :

Loan Class	September 30, 2019 — #	Balance (in thousands)	September 30, 2018 — #	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	—	$ —	1	$ 5
Real estate – construction and development	—	—	—	—
Real estate – commercial and farmland	—	—	1	69
Real estate – residential	20	1,674	16	1,791
Consumer installment	4	39	—	—
Total	24	$ 1,713	18	$ 1,865

Troubled debt restructurings included in purchased loans with an outstanding balance of $ 1.2 million and $ 2.4 million defaulted during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively, and these defaults did not have a material impact on the Company’s allowance for loan loss.

The following table presents purchased loan troubled debt restructurings by class that defaulted (defined as 30 days past due) during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 :

Loan Class	September 30, 2019 — #	Balance (in thousands)	September 30, 2018 — #	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	1	$ 1	—	$ —
Real estate – construction and development	—	—	—	—
Real estate – commercial and farmland	1	325	1	69
Real estate – residential	17	895	23	2,302
Consumer installment	2	18	—	—
Total	21	$ 1,239	24	$ 2,371

The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by loan class of purchased loans, classified separately as accrual and nonaccrual at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 .

September 30, 2019 — Loan Class	Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)	Non-Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	1	$ 31	3	$ 25
Real estate – construction and development	4	878	2	257
Real estate – commercial and farmland	11	5,829	5	1,428
Real estate – residential	113	11,557	18	1,178
Consumer installment	—	—	7	54
Total	129	$ 18,295	35	$ 2,942

December 31, 2018 — Loan Class	Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)	Non-Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	1	$ 31	3	$ 32
Real estate – construction and development	4	1,015	5	293
Real estate – commercial and farmland	12	6,162	7	1,685
Real estate – residential	115	11,532	24	1,424
Consumer installment	—	—	4	17
Total	132	$ 18,740	43	$ 3,451

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses represents an allowance for probable incurred losses in the loan portfolio. The adequacy of the allowance for loan losses is evaluated periodically based on a review of all significant loans, with a particular emphasis on non-accruing, past-due and other loans that management believes might be potentially impaired or warrant additional attention. The Company segregates the loan portfolio by type of loan and utilizes this segregation in evaluating exposure to risks within the portfolio. In addition, based on internal reviews and external reviews performed by regulatory authorities, the Company further segregates the loan portfolio by loan grades based on an assessment of risk for a particular loan or group of loans. Certain reviewed loans are assigned specific allowances when a review of relevant data determines that a general allocation is not sufficient or when the review affords management the opportunity to adjust the amount of exposure in a given credit. In establishing allowances, management considers historical loan loss experience but adjusts this data with a significant emphasis on current loan quality trends, current economic conditions and other factors in the markets where the Company operates. Factors considered include, among others, current valuations of real estate in the Company’s markets, unemployment rates, the effect of weather conditions on agricultural related entities and other significant local economic events, such as major plant closings.

The Company has developed a methodology for determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses which is monitored by the Company’s Chief Credit Officer. Procedures provide for the assignment of a risk rating for every loan included in the total loan portfolio. Commercial insurance premium finance loans, overdraft protection loans, and certain residential mortgage loans and consumer loans serviced by outside processors are treated as pools for risk rating purposes. The risk rating schedule provides nine ratings of which five ratings are classified as pass ratings and four ratings are classified as criticized ratings. Each risk rating is

assigned a percentage factor to be applied to the loan balance to determine the adequate amount of reserve. The Bank’s independent internal loan review department reviews on an annual basis a sample of relationships in excess of $ 1,000,000 , as well as selective sampling of loans below this threshold. Sampling is based on a number of factors unique to the Bank’s portfolio risks, including, but not limited to, lending divisions, industry, risk grades, and new originations. As a result of these loan reviews, certain loans may be identified as having deteriorating credit quality. Other loans that surface as problem loans may also be assigned specific reserves. Past-due loans are assigned risk ratings based on the number of days past due. The calculation of the allowance for loan losses, including underlying data and assumptions, is reviewed regularly by the Company’s Chief Financial Officer and the independent internal loan review department.

Loan losses are charged against the allowance when management believes the collection of a loan’s principal is unlikely. Subsequent recoveries are credited to the allowance. Consumer loans are charged off in accordance with the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council’s (“FFIEC”) Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy. Commercial loans are charged off when they are deemed uncollectible, which usually involves a triggering event within the collection effort. If the loan is collateral dependent, the loss is more easily identified and is charged off when it is identified, usually based upon receipt of an appraisal. However, when a loan has guarantor support, the Company may carry the estimated loss as a reserve against the loan while collection efforts with the guarantor are pursued. If, after collection efforts with the guarantor are complete, the deficiency is still considered uncollectible, the loss is charged off and any further collections are treated as recoveries. In all situations, when a loan is downgraded to an Asset Quality Rating of 9 (Loss per the regulatory guidance), the uncollectible portion is charged off.

The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan losses by portfolio segment for the three and nine -month period ended September 30, 2019 , the year ended December 31, 2018 and the three and nine -month period ended September 30, 2018 . Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.

(dollars in thousands)	Commercial, Financial and Agricultural		Real Estate – Construction and Development		Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland		Real Estate – Residential		Consumer Installment		Purchased Loans		Purchased Loan Pools		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Balance, June 30, 2019	$ 6,302		$ 4,269		$ 7,269		$ 7,451		$ 3,388		$ 2,443		$ 671		$ 31,793
Provision for loan losses	1,925		800		1,166		975		1,289		( 114	)	( 52	)	5,989
Loans charged off	( 1,578	)	—		( 14	)	( 20	)	( 1,195	)	( 2,442	)	—		( 5,249	)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	845		2		—		49		269		1,832		—		2,997
Balance, September 30, 2019	$ 7,494		$ 5,071		$ 8,421		$ 8,455		$ 3,751		$ 1,719		$ 619		$ 35,530
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Balance, December 31, 2018	$ 4,287		$ 3,734		$ 8,975		$ 5,363		$ 3,795		$ 1,933		$ 732		$ 28,819
Provision for loan losses	5,475		1,562		805		2,886		3,495		( 45	)	( 113	)	14,065
Loans charged off	( 4,920	)	( 247	)	( 1,367	)	( 80	)	( 4,214	)	( 3,296	)	—		( 14,124	)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	2,652		22		8		286		675		3,127		—		6,770
Balance, September 30, 2019	$ 7,494		$ 5,071		$ 8,421		$ 8,455		$ 3,751		$ 1,719		$ 619		$ 35,530
Period-end allocation:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment (1)	$ 2,575		$ 112		$ 488		$ 1,557		$ —		$ 1,719		$ —		$ 6,451
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	4,919		4,959		7,933		6,898		3,751		—		619		29,079
Ending balance	$ 7,494		$ 5,071		$ 8,421		$ 8,455		$ 3,751		$ 1,719		$ 619		$ 35,530
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment (1)	$ 4,648		$ 921		$ 5,783		$ 17,907		$ —		$ 31,612		$ —		$ 60,871
Collectively evaluated for impairment	1,776,589		946,450		2,146,745		1,848,221		461,552		5,173,717		229,132		12,582,406
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality	—		—		—		—		—		183,007		—		183,007
Ending balance	$ 1,781,237		$ 947,371		$ 2,152,528		$ 1,866,128		$ 461,552		$ 5,388,336		$ 229,132		$ 12,826,284

(1) At September 30, 2019 , loans individually evaluated for impairment includes all nonaccrual loans greater than $ 100,000 and all troubled debt restructurings greater than $ 100,000 , including all troubled debt restructurings and not only those currently classified as troubled debt restructurings.

(dollars in thousands)	Commercial, Financial and Agricultural		Real Estate – Construction and Development		Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland		Real Estate – Residential		Consumer Installment		Purchased Loans		Purchased Loan Pools		Total
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2018
Balance, December 31, 2017	$ 3,631		$ 3,629		$ 7,501		$ 4,786		$ 1,916		$ 3,253		$ 1,075		$ 25,791
Provision for loan losses	10,690		277		1,636		1,002		5,569		( 2,164	)	( 343	)	16,667
Loans charged off	( 13,803	)	( 292	)	( 338	)	( 771	)	( 4,189	)	( 1,738	)	—		( 21,131	)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	3,769		120		176		346		499		2,582		—		7,492
Balance, December 31, 2018	$ 4,287		$ 3,734		$ 8,975		$ 5,363		$ 3,795		$ 1,933		$ 732		$ 28,819
Period-end allocation:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment (1)	$ 570		$ 3		$ 1,591		$ 867		$ —		$ 1,933		$ —		$ 4,964
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	3,717		3,731		7,384		4,496		3,795		—		732		23,855
Ending balance	$ 4,287		$ 3,734		$ 8,975		$ 5,363		$ 3,795		$ 1,933		$ 732		$ 28,819
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment (1)	$ 3,211		$ 424		$ 6,649		$ 11,364		$ —		$ 32,244		$ —		$ 53,892
Collectively evaluated for impairment	1,313,148		670,774		1,807,880		1,391,636		455,371		2,468,996		262,625		8,370,430
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality	—		—		—		—		—		87,592		—		87,592
Ending balance	$ 1,316,359		$ 671,198		$ 1,814,529		$ 1,403,000		$ 455,371		$ 2,588,832		$ 262,625		$ 8,511,914

(1) At December 31, 2018 , loans individually evaluated for impairment includes all nonaccrual loans greater than $ 100,000 and all troubled debt restructurings greater than $ 100,000 , including all troubled debt restructurings and not only those currently classified as troubled debt restructurings.

(dollars in thousands)	Commercial, Financial and Agricultural		Real Estate – Construction and Development		Real Estate – Commercial and Farmland		Real Estate – Residential		Consumer Installment		Purchased Loans		Purchased Loan Pools		Total
Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
Balance, June 30, 2018	$ 8,400		$ 3,789		$ 8,215		$ 5,136		$ 2,877		$ 2,339		$ 776		$ 31,532
Provision for loan losses	1,021		137		809		209		1,039		( 1,148	)	28		2,095
Loans charged off	( 6,121	)	( 265	)	( 27	)	( 293	)	( 923	)	( 483	)	—		( 8,112	)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	939		1		134		44		178		1,305		—		2,601
Balance, September 30, 2018	$ 4,239		$ 3,662		$ 9,131		$ 5,096		$ 3,171		$ 2,013		$ 804		$ 28,116
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
Balance, December 31, 2017	$ 3,631		$ 3,629		$ 7,501		$ 4,786		$ 1,916		$ 3,253		$ 1,075		$ 25,791
Provision for loan losses	9,080		201		1,630		750		3,617		( 2,001	)	( 271	)	13,006
Loans charged off	( 11,314	)	( 285	)	( 169	)	( 695	)	( 2,724	)	( 1,514	)	—		( 16,701	)
Recoveries of loans previously charged off	2,842		117		169		255		362		2,275		—		6,020
Balance, September 30, 2018	$ 4,239		$ 3,662		$ 9,131		$ 5,096		$ 3,171		$ 2,013		$ 804		$ 28,116
Period-end allocation:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment (1)	$ 821		$ 46		$ 1,800		$ 782		$ —		$ 2,013		$ 2		$ 5,464
Loans collectively evaluated for impairment	3,418		3,616		7,331		4,314		3,171		—		802		22,652
Ending balance	$ 4,239		$ 3,662		$ 9,131		$ 5,096		$ 3,171		$ 2,013		$ 804		$ 28,116
Loans:
Individually evaluated for impairment (1)	$ 2,362		$ 701		$ 7,021		$ 10,226		$ —		$ 36,156		$ 4,697		$ 61,163
Collectively evaluated for impairment	1,419,790		641,129		1,797,244		1,264,975		399,858		2,573,182		270,055		8,366,233
Acquired with deteriorated credit quality	—		—		—		—		—		102,122		—		102,122
Ending balance	$ 1,422,152		$ 641,830		$ 1,804,265		$ 1,275,201		$ 399,858		$ 2,711,460		$ 274,752		$ 8,529,518

(1) At September 30, 2018 , loans individually evaluated for impairment includes all nonaccrual loans greater than $ 100,000 and all troubled debt restructurings greater than $ 100,000 , including all troubled debt restructurings and not only those currently classified as troubled debt restructurings.

NOTE 5 – OTHER REAL ESTATE OWNED

The following is a summary of the activity in OREO during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 :

(dollars in thousands) — Beginning balance, January 1	September 30, 2019 — $ 7,218		September 30, 2018 — $ 8,464
Loans transferred to other real estate owned	503		3,764
Net gains (losses) on sale and write-downs recorded in statement of income	( 434	)	( 470	)
Sales proceeds	( 2,362	)	( 2,321	)
Other	—		( 62	)
Ending balance	$ 4,925		$ 9,375

The following is a summary of the activity in purchased OREO during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 :

(dollars in thousands) — Beginning balance, January 1	September 30, 2019 — $ 9,535		September 30, 2018 — $ 9,011
Loans transferred to other real estate owned	3,908		2,434
Acquired in acquisitions	7,178		1,888
Portion of gains (losses) on sale and write-downs payable to (receivable from) the FDIC under loss-sharing agreements	( 24	)	—
Net gains (losses) on sale and write-downs recorded in statement of income	276		( 477	)
Sales proceeds	( 5,086	)	( 5,140	)
Other	( 2	)	( 24	)
Ending balance	$ 15,785		$ 7,692

NOTE 6 – SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE

The Company classifies the sales of securities under agreements to repurchase as short-term borrowings. The amounts received under these agreements are reflected as a liability in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and the investment securities underlying these agreements are included in investment securities in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , all securities sold under agreements to repurchase mature on a daily basis. The market value of the securities fluctuate on a daily basis due to market conditions. The Company monitors the market value of the securities underlying these agreements on a daily basis and is required to transfer additional securities if the market value of the securities falls below the repurchase agreement price. The Company maintains an unpledged securities portfolio that it believes is sufficient to protect against a decline in the market value of the securities sold under agreements to repurchase.

The following is a summary of the Company’s securities sold under agreements to repurchase at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 .

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	$ 17,744	$ 20,384

At September 30, 2019 the investment securities underlying these agreements were comprised of state, county and municipal securities and mortgage-backed securities. At December 31, 2018 , the investment securities underlying these agreements were comprised of mortgage-backed securities.

NOTE 7 – OTHER BORROWINGS

Other borrowings consist of the following:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
FHLB borrowings:
Convertible Flipper Advance due May 22, 2019; fixed interest rate of 4.68%	$ —	$ 1,514
Principal Reducing Advance due June 20, 2019; fixed interest rate of 1.274%	—	500
Fixed Rate Advance due October 11, 2019; fixed interest rate of 2.14%	100,000	—
Fixed Rate Advance due October 15, 2019; fixed interest rate of 2.14%	50,000	—
Fixed Rate Advance due October 17, 2019; fixed interest rate of 2.23%	50,000	—
Fixed Rate Advance due October 21, 2019; fixed interest rate of 2.10%	100,000	—
Fixed Rate Advance due October 21, 2019; fixed interest rate of 2.10%	100,000	—
Fixed Rate Advance due October 24, 2019; fixed interest rate of 2.08%	50,000	—
Fixed Rate Advance due October 28, 2019; fixed interest rate of 2.02%	75,000	—
Fixed Rate Advance due October 30, 2019; fixed interest rate of 2.01%	200,000	—
Fixed Rate Advance due November 18, 2019; fixed interest rate of 2.11%	75,000	—
Fixed Rate Advance due November 19, 2019; fixed interest rate of 2.13%	75,000	—
Fixed Rate Advance due December 16, 2019; fixed interest rate of 2.05%	150,000	—
Fixed Rate Advance due December 23, 2019; fixed interest rate of 2.04%	100,000	—
Fixed Rate Advance due December 9, 2030; fixed interest rate of 4.55%	1,425	1,434
Fixed Rate Advance due December 9, 2030; fixed interest rate of 4.55%	987	993
Principal Reducing Advance due September 29, 2031; fixed interest rate of 3.095%	1,749	1,858
Subordinated notes payable:
Subordinated notes payable due March 15, 2027 net of unamortized debt issuance cost of $976 and $1,074, respectively; fixed interest rate of 5.75% through March 14, 2022; variable interest rate thereafter at three-month LIBOR plus 3.616%	74,024	73,926
Subordinated notes payable due May 31, 2030 net of unaccreted purchase accounting fair value adjustment of $1,596 and $0, respectively; fixed interest rate of 5.875% through May 31, 2025; variable interest rate thereafter at three-month LIBOR plus 3.630%	76,596	—
Other debt:
Advance from correspondent bank due October 5, 2019; secured by a loan receivable; fixed interest rate of 4.25%	—	20
Advance from correspondent bank due September 5, 2026; secured by a loan receivable; fixed interest rate of 2.09%	1,391	1,529
Advances under revolving credit agreement with a regional bank due September 26, 2020; secured by subsidiary bank stock; variable interest rate at 90-day LIBOR plus 3.50% (5.63% at September 30, 2019)	70,000	70,000
Total	$ 1,351,172	$ 151,774

The advances from the FHLB are collateralized by a blanket lien on all eligible first mortgage loans and other specific loans in addition to FHLB stock. At September 30, 2019 , $ 1.72 billion was available for borrowing on lines with the FHLB.

At September 30, 2019 , the Company had a revolving credit arrangement with a regional bank with a maximum line amount of $ 100.0 million . This line of credit is secured by subsidiary bank stock, expires on September 26, 2020, and bears a variable interest rate of 90-day LIBOR plus 3.50 % . At September 30, 2019 , there was $ 30.0 million available for borrowing under the revolving credit arrangement.

As of September 30, 2019 , the Bank maintained credit arrangements with various financial institutions to purchase federal funds up to $ 157.0 million .

The Bank also participates in the Federal Reserve discount window borrowings program. At September 30, 2019 , the Company had $ 1.84 billion of loans pledged at the Federal Reserve discount window and had $ 1.24 billion available for borrowing.

NOTE 8 – SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock Repurchase Program

be made, if at all, in accordance with applicable securities laws and may be made from time to time in the open market or by negotiated transactions. The amount and timing of repurchases will be based on a variety of factors, including share acquisition price, regulatory limitations and other market and economic factors. The program does not require the repurchase of any specific number of shares. It replaces the Company's prior share repurchase program which was set to expire in October 2019 and under which the Company repurchased $ 10.6 million of its outstanding common stock in the past year. As of September 30, 2019, no shares of the Company's common stock had been repurchased under the new program.

Fidelity Acquisition

On July 1, 2019, the Company issued 22,181,522 shares of its common stock to the shareholders of Fidelity. Such shares had a value of $ 39.19 per share at the time of issuance, resulting in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $ 869.3 million .

For additional information regarding the Fidelity acquisition, see Note 2 .

Hamilton Acquisition

On June 29, 2018, the Company issued 6,548,385 shares of its common stock to the shareholders of Hamilton. Such shares had a value of $ 53.35 per share at the time of issuance, resulting in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $ 349.4 million .

For additional information regarding the Hamilton acquisition, see Note 2 .

Atlantic Acquisition

On May 25, 2018, the Company issued 2,631,520 shares of its common stock to the shareholders of Atlantic. Such shares had a value of $ 56.15 per share at the time of issuance, resulting in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $ 147.8 million .

For additional information regarding the Atlantic acquisition, see Note 2 .

USPF Acquisition

On January 18, 2017, in exchange for 4.99 % of the outstanding shares of common stock of USPF, the Company issued 128,572 unregistered shares of its common stock to a selling shareholder of USPF. A registration statement was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 13, 2017 to register the resale or other disposition of these shares. The issuance of the 128,572 common shares, valued at $ 45.45 per share at the time of issuance, resulted in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $ 5.8 million .

On January 3, 2018, in exchange for 25.01 % of the outstanding shares of common stock of USPF, the Company issued 114,285 unregistered shares of its common stock and paid $ 12.5 million in cash to a selling shareholder of USPF. The issuance of the 114,285 common shares, valued at $ 48.55 per share at the time of issuance, resulted in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $ 5.5 million .

On January 31, 2018, in exchange for the final 70 % of the outstanding shares of common stock of USPF, the Company issued 830,301 unregistered shares of its common stock and paid $ 8.9 million in cash to the selling shareholders of USPF. The issuance of the 830,301 common shares, valued at $ 53.55 per share at the time of issuance, resulted in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $ 44.5 million . The selling shareholders of USPF could receive additional cash payments aggregating up to $ 5.8 million based on the achievement by the Company's premium finance division of certain income targets, between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2019. The total contingent consideration paid was $ 1.2 million based on results achieved through the applicable measurement dates.

On February 16, 2018, a registration statement was filed with the SEC to register the resale or other disposition of the combined 944,586 shares issued on January 3, 2018 and January 31, 2018.

For additional information regarding the USPF acquisition, see Note 2 .

NOTE 9 – ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the Company consists of changes in net unrealized gains and losses on investment securities available for sale and an interest rate swap derivative designated as a cash flow hedge. The reclassification of gains included in net income is recorded in gain on securities in the consolidated statement of income and comprehensive

income. The following tables present a summary of the accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) balances, net of tax, as of September 30, 2019 and 2018 :

(dollars in thousands) — Balance, January 1, 2019	Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives — $ 351		Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities — $ ( 5,177	)	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) — $ ( 4,826	)
Reclassification for gains included in net income, net of tax	—		( 94	)	( 94	)
Current year changes, net of tax	( 505	)	20,907		20,402
Balance, September 30, 2019	$ ( 154	)	$ 15,636		$ 15,482

(dollars in thousands) — Balance, December 31, 2017	Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Derivatives — $ 292		Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities — $ ( 1,572	)	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) — $ ( 1,280	)
Reclassification to retained earnings due to change in federal corporate tax rate	( 53	)	( 339	)	( 392	)
Adjusted balance, January 1, 2018	239		( 1,911	)	( 1,672	)
Reclassification for gains included in net income, net of tax	—		( 70	)	( 70	)
Current year changes, net of tax	347		( 15,181	)	( 14,834	)
Balance, September 30, 2018	$ 586		$ ( 17,162	)	$ ( 16,576	)

NOTE 10 – WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING

Earnings per share have been computed based on the following weighted average number of common shares outstanding:

(share data in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, — 2019	2018	Nine Months Ended September 30, — 2019	2018
Average common shares outstanding	69,372	47,515	54,762	41,673
Common share equivalents:
Stock options	145	14	46	14
Nonvested restricted share grants	83	156	75	158
Average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution	69,600	47,685	54,883	41,845

For the three and nine -month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 , there were no potential common shares with strike prices that would cause them to be anti-dilutive.

NOTE 11 – LEASES

The Company has entered into various operating leases for certain branch locations, ATM locations, loan production offices, and corporate support services locations with terms extending through June 2028. Generally, these leases have initial lease terms of ten years or less. Many of the leases have one or more lease renewal options. The exercise of lease renewal options is at our sole discretion. The Company does not consider exercise of any lease renewal options reasonably certain. Certain of our lease agreements contain early termination options. No renewal options or early termination options have been included in the calculation of the operating right-of-use assets or operating lease liabilities. Certain of our lease agreements provide for periodic adjustments to rental payments for inflation. As the majority of the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate at the commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is based on the term of the lease. Incremental borrowing rates on January 1, 2019 were used for operating leases that commenced prior to that date. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. For these short-term leases, lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. At September 30, 2019 , the Company had no leases classified as finance leases.

Operating lease cost was $ 3.3 million and $ 6.7 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 , respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 , the Company had no sublease income offsetting operating lease cost. Variable rent expense and short-term lease expense were not material for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 .

The following table presents the impact of leases on the Company's consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2019 :

(dollars in thousands)	Location	September 30, 2019
Operating lease right-of-use assets	Other assets	$ 39,611
Operating lease liabilities	Other liabilities	42,050

Future maturities of the Company's operating lease liabilities are summarized as follows:

(dollars in thousands) — Twelve Months Ended September 30,	Lease Liability
2020	$ 11,497
2021	10,133
2022	7,155
2023	5,748
2024	3,304
After September 30, 2024	7,276
Total lease payments	$ 45,113
Less: Interest	( 3,063	)
Present value of lease liabilities	$ 42,050

Supplemental lease information
(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years)	5.1
Weighted-average discount rate	2.57 %
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases (cash payments)	$ 6,628
Operating cash flows from operating leases (lease liability reduction)	$ 6,610
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for leases entered into during the period, net of business combinations	$ 3,370

NOTE 12 – FAIR VALUE MEASURES

The fair value of an asset or liability is the current amount that would be exchanged between willing parties, other than in a forced liquidation. Fair value is best determined based upon quoted market prices. However, in many instances, there are no quoted market prices for the Company’s various assets and liabilities. In cases where quoted market prices are not available, fair value is based on discounted cash flows or other valuation techniques. These techniques are significantly affected by the assumptions used, including the discount rate and estimates of future cash flows. Accordingly, the fair value estimates may not be realized in an immediate settlement of the asset or liability. The accounting standard for disclosures about the fair value measures excludes certain financial instruments and all nonfinancial instruments from its disclosure requirements. Accordingly, the aggregate fair value amounts presented may not necessarily represent the underlying fair value of the Company.

The Company's loans held for sale under the fair value option are comprised of the following:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Mortgage loans held for sale	$ 1,183,417	$ 107,428
SBA loans held for sale	4,134	3,870
Total loans held for sale	$ 1,187,551	$ 111,298

The Company has elected to record mortgage loans held for sale at fair value in order to eliminate the complexities and inherent difficulties of achieving hedge accounting and to better align reported results with the underlying economic changes in value of the loans and related hedge instruments. This election impacts the timing and recognition of origination fees and costs, as well as servicing value, which are now recognized in earnings at the time of origination. Interest income on mortgage loans held for sale

is recorded on an accrual basis in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income under the heading interest income – interest and fees on loans. The servicing value is included in the fair value of the interest rate lock commitments (“IRLCs”) with borrowers. The mark to market adjustments related to mortgage loans held for sale and the associated economic hedges are captured in mortgage banking activities. A net gain of $ 23.0 million and a net loss of $ 1.4 million resulting from fair value changes of these mortgage loans were recorded in income during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. Net gains of $ 2.1 million and $ 848,000 resulting from changes in the fair value of the related derivative financial instruments used to hedge exposure to the market-related risks associated with these mortgage loans were recorded in income during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 , respectively. The change in fair value of both mortgage loans held for sale and the related derivative financial instruments are recorded in mortgage banking activity in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. The Company’s valuation of mortgage loans held for sale incorporates an assumption for credit risk; however, given the short-term period that the Company holds these loans, valuation adjustments attributable to instrument-specific credit risk is nominal.

The following table summarizes the difference between the fair value and the principal balance for mortgage loans held for sale measured at fair value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Aggregate fair value of mortgage loans held for sale	$ 1,183,417	$ 107,428
Aggregate unpaid principal balance of mortgage loans held for sale	1,148,283	103,319
Past-due loans of 90 days or more	—	—
Nonaccrual loans	—	—

The following table summarizes the difference between the fair value and the principal balance for SBA loans held for sale measured at fair value as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Aggregate fair value of SBA loans held for sale	$ 4,134	$ 3,870
Aggregate unpaid principal balance of SBA loans held for sale	3,755	3,581
Past-due loans of 90 days or more	—	—
Nonaccrual loans	—	—

The Company utilizes fair value measurements to record fair value adjustments to certain assets and liabilities and to determine fair value disclosures. Securities available for sale, loans held for sale and derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. From time to time, the Company may be required to record at fair value other assets on a nonrecurring basis, such as impaired loans and OREO. Additionally, the Company is required to disclose, but not record, the fair value of other financial instruments.

Fair Value Hierarchy

The Company groups assets and liabilities at fair value in three levels, based on the markets in which the assets and liabilities are traded and the reliability of the assumptions used to determine fair value. These levels are:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating the fair value of its assets and liabilities recorded at fair value and for estimating the fair value of its financial instruments:

Cash and Due From Banks, Federal Funds Sold and Interest-Bearing Deposits in Banks, and Time Deposits in Other Banks: The carrying amount of cash and due from banks, federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks, and time deposits in other banks approximates fair value.

Investment Securities Available for Sale: The fair value of securities available for sale is determined by various valuation methodologies. Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1 of the valuation hierarchy. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, or discounted cash flows. Level 2 securities include certain U.S. agency bonds, mortgage-backed securities, collateralized mortgage and debt obligations, and municipal securities. The Level 2 fair value pricing is provided by an independent third party and is based upon similar securities in an active market. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy and may include certain residual municipal securities and other less liquid securities.

Loans Held for Sale: The Company records loans held for sale at fair value. The fair value of loans held for sale is determined on outstanding commitments from third party investors in the secondary markets and is classified within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

Loans: The fair value for loans held for investment is estimated using an exit price methodology. An exit price methodology considers expected cash flows that take into account contractual loan terms, as applicable, prepayment expectations, probability of default, loss severity in the event of default, recovery lag and, in the case of variable rate loans, expectations for future interest rate movements. These cash flows are present valued at a risk adjusted discount rate, which considers the cost of funding, liquidity, servicing costs, and other factors. Because observable quoted prices seldom exist for identical or similar assets carried in loans held for investment, Level 3 inputs are primarily used to determine fair value exit pricing. The fair value of impaired loans is estimated based on discounted contractual cash flows or underlying collateral values, where applicable. A loan is determined to be impaired if the Company believes it is probable that all principal and interest amounts due according to the terms of the note will not be collected as scheduled. The fair value of impaired loans is determined in accordance with ASC 310-10, Accounting by Creditors for Impairment of a Loan , and generally results in a specific reserve established through a charge to the provision for loan losses. Losses on impaired loans are charged to the allowance when management believes the uncollectability of a loan is confirmed. Management has determined that the majority of impaired loans are Level 3 assets due to the extensive use of market appraisals.

Other Real Estate Owned: The fair value of OREO is determined using certified appraisals and internal evaluations that value the property at its highest and best uses by applying traditional valuation methods common to the industry. The Company does not hold any OREO for profit purposes and all other real estate is actively marketed for sale. In most cases, management has determined that additional write-downs are required beyond what is calculable from the appraisal to carry the property at levels that would attract buyers. Because this additional write-down is not based on observable inputs, management has determined that OREO should be classified as Level 3.

Accrued Interest Receivable/Payable: The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable and accrued interest payable approximates fair value.

Deposits: The carrying amount of demand deposits, savings deposits and variable-rate certificates of deposit approximates fair value. The fair value of fixed-rate certificates of deposit is estimated based on discounted contractual cash flows using interest rates currently being offered for certificates of similar maturities.

Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase and Other Borrowings: The carrying amount of securities sold under agreements to repurchase approximates fair value and is classified as Level 1. The carrying amount of variable rate other borrowings approximates fair value and is classified as Level 1. The fair value of fixed rate other borrowings is estimated based on discounted contractual cash flows using the current incremental borrowing rates for similar borrowing arrangements and is classified as Level 2.

Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures: The fair value of the Company’s trust preferred securities is based on discounted cash flows using rates for securities with similar terms and remaining maturities and are classified as Level 2.

FDIC Loss-Share Payable: Because the FDIC will reimburse the Company for certain acquired loans should the Company experience a loss, an indemnification asset is recorded at fair value at the acquisition date. The indemnification asset is recognized at the same time as the indemnified loans, and measured on the same basis, subject to collectability or contractual limitations. The shared loss agreements on the acquisition date reflect the reimbursements expected to be received from the FDIC, using an appropriate discount rate, which reflects counterparty credit risk and other uncertainties. The shared loss agreements continue to be measured on the same basis as the related indemnified loans, and the loss-share receivable is impacted by changes in estimated cash flows associated with these loans.

Pursuant to the clawback provisions of the loss-sharing agreements for the Company’s FDIC-assisted acquisitions, the Company may be required to reimburse the FDIC should actual losses be less than certain thresholds established in each loss-sharing agreement. The amount of the clawback provision for each acquisition is measured and recorded at fair value. The clawback amount, which is payable to the FDIC upon termination of the applicable loss-sharing agreement, is discounted using an appropriate discount rate.

Off-Balance-Sheet Instruments: Because commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit are typically made using variable rates and have short maturities, the carrying value and fair value are immaterial for disclosure.

Derivatives: The Company has entered into derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of the derivatives. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivative, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. The fair value of the derivatives is determined using the market standard methodology of netting the discounted future fixed cash receipts and the discounted expected variable cash payments. The variable cash payments are based on an expectation of future interest rates (forward curves derived from observable market interest rate curves).

The Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of its derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, the Company has considered the impact of netting any applicable credit enhancements such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts and guarantees.

Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its derivative fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself or the counterparty. However, as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company has assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its derivative positions and has determined that the credit valuation adjustment is not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Company has determined that its derivative valuation in its entirety is classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

	Recurring Basis Fair Value Measurements
	September 30, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Financial assets:
U.S. government sponsored agencies	$ 22,360	$ —	$ 22,360	$ —
State, county and municipal securities	116,349	—	116,349	—
Corporate debt securities	52,918	—	51,418	1,500
Mortgage-backed securities	1,299,580	—	1,299,580	—
Loans held for sale	1,187,551	—	1,187,551	—
Mortgage banking derivative instruments	15,935	—	15,935	—
Total recurring assets at fair value	$ 2,694,693	$ —	$ 2,693,193	$ 1,500
Financial liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments	$ 237	$ —	$ 237	$ —
Mortgage banking derivative instruments	1,195	—	1,195	—
Total recurring liabilities at fair value	$ 1,432	$ —	$ 1,432	$ —

	Recurring Basis Fair Value Measurements
	December 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Financial assets:
State, county and municipal securities	$ 150,733	$ —	$ 150,733	$ —
Corporate debt securities	67,314	—	65,814	1,500
Mortgage-backed securities	974,376	—	974,376	—
Loans held for sale	111,298	—	111,298	—
Derivative financial instruments	102	—	102	—
Mortgage banking derivative instruments	2,537	—	2,537	—
Total recurring assets at fair value	$ 1,306,360	$ —	$ 1,304,860	$ 1,500
Financial liabilities:
Mortgage banking derivative instruments	$ 1,276	$ —	$ 1,276	$ —
Total recurring liabilities at fair value	$ 1,276	$ —	$ 1,276	$ —

The following table presents the fair value measurements of assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the valuation hierarchy as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

(dollars in thousands)	Nonrecurring Basis Fair Value Measurements — Fair Value	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
September 30, 2019
Impaired loans carried at fair value	$ 34,487	$ —	$ —	$ 34,487
Other real estate owned	196	—	—	196
Purchased other real estate owned	15,784	—	—	15,784
Total nonrecurring assets at fair value	$ 50,467	$ —	$ —	$ 50,467
December 31, 2018
Impaired loans carried at fair value	$ 28,653	$ —	$ —	$ 28,653
Other real estate owned	408	—	—	408
Purchased other real estate owned	9,535	—	—	9,535
Total nonrecurring assets at fair value	$ 38,596	$ —	$ —	$ 38,596

The inputs used to determine estimated fair value of impaired loans include market conditions, loan terms, underlying collateral characteristics and discount rates. The inputs used to determine fair value of OREO include market conditions, estimated marketing period or holding period, underlying collateral characteristics and discount rates.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and the year ended December 31, 2018 , there was not a change in the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate fair value.

The following table shows significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of Level 3 assets:

(dollars in thousands)	Fair Value	Valuation Technique	Unobservable Inputs	Range of Discounts	Weighted Average Discount
September 30, 2019
Recurring:
Investment securities available for sale	$ 1,500	Discounted par values	Credit quality of underlying issuer	0 %	0 %
Nonrecurring:
Impaired loans	$ 28,653	Third-party appraisals and discounted cash flows	Collateral discounts and discount rates	20% - 92%	28 %
Other real estate owned	$ 408	Third-party appraisals and sales contracts	Collateral discounts and estimated costs to sell	15% - 42%	33 %
Purchased other real estate owned	$ 9,535	Third-party appraisals	Collateral discounts and estimated costs to sell	8% - 91%	28 %
December 31, 2018
Recurring:
Investment securities available for sale	$ 1,500	Discounted par values	Credit quality of underlying issuer	0 %	0 %
Nonrecurring:
Impaired loans	$ 28,653	Third-party appraisals and discounted cash flows	Collateral discounts and discount rates	3% - 53%	30 %
Other real estate owned	$ 408	Third-party appraisals and sales contracts	Collateral discounts and estimated costs to sell	15% - 69%	31 %
Purchased other real estate owned	$ 9,535	Third-party appraisals	Collateral discounts and estimated costs to sell	6% - 74%	39 %

The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments, not shown elsewhere in these financial statements, were as follows.

		Fair Value Measurements
		September 30, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks	$ 193,976	$ 193,976	$ —	$ —	$ 193,976
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks	285,713	285,713	—	—	285,713
Time deposits in other banks	499	—	499	—	499
Loans, net	12,756,267	—	—	12,759,699	12,759,699
Accrued interest receivable	50,077	—	6,012	44,065	50,077
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$ 13,659,594	$ —	$ 13,658,398	$ —	$ 13,658,398
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	17,744	17,744	—	—	17,744
Other borrowings	1,351,172	—	1,352,726	—	1,352,726
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	127,075	—	124,130	—	124,130
FDIC loss-share payable	19,490	—	—	19,489	19,489
Accrued interest payable	11,107	—	11,107	—	11,107

		Fair Value Measurements
		December 31, 2018
(dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3	Total
Financial assets:
Cash and due from banks	$ 172,036	$ 172,036	$ —	$ —	$ 172,036
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks	507,491	507,491	—	—	507,491
Time deposits in other banks	10,812	—	10,812	—	10,812
Loans, net	8,454,442	—	—	8,365,293	8,365,293
Accrued interest receivable	36,970	—	5,456	31,514	36,970
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$ 9,649,313	$ —	$ 9,645,617	$ —	$ 9,645,617
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	20,384	20,384	—	—	20,384
Other borrowings	151,774	—	152,873	—	152,873
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	89,187	—	90,180	—	90,180
FDIC loss-share payable	19,487	—	—	19,576	19,576
Accrued interest payable	5,669	—	5,669	—	5,669

NOTE 13 – COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Loan Commitments

The Company is a party to financial instruments with off-balance-sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit. They involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the Company’s balance sheets.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. The Company uses the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments.

A summary of the Company’s commitments is as follows:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Commitments to extend credit	$ 2,403,565	$ 1,671,419
Unused home equity lines of credit	267,503	112,310
Financial standby letters of credit	30,308	24,596
Mortgage interest rate lock commitments	603,518	81,833

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. These commitments, predominantly at variable interest rates, generally have fixed expiration dates of one year or less or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by the Company upon extension of credit, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer.

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party. Those guarantees are primarily issued to support public and private borrowing arrangements. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loans to customers. Collateral is required in instances which the Company deems necessary.

Other Commitments

As of September 30, 2019 , $ 82.4 million in letters of credit issued by the FHLB was used to guarantee the Bank’s performance related to public fund deposit balances.

Contingencies

Certain conditions may exist as of the date the financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company’s management and its legal counsel assess such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company’s legal counsel evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.

If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potentially material loss contingency is not probable, but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, together with an estimate of the range of possible loss if determinable and material, would be disclosed.

Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the nature of the guarantee would be disclosed.

NOTE 14 – SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company has the following five reportable segments: Banking Division, Retail Mortgage Division, Warehouse Lending Division, SBA Division and Premium Finance Division. The Banking Division derives its revenues from the delivery of full-service financial services, including commercial loans, consumer loans and deposit accounts. The Retail Mortgage Division derives its revenues from the origination, sales and servicing of one-to-four family residential mortgage loans. The Warehouse Lending Division derives its revenues from the origination and servicing of warehouse lines to other businesses that are secured by underlying one-to-four family residential mortgage loans. The SBA Division derives its revenues from the origination, sales and servicing of SBA loans. The Premium Finance Division derives its revenues from the origination and servicing of commercial insurance premium finance loans.

The Banking, Retail Mortgage, Warehouse Lending, SBA and Premium Finance Divisions are managed as separate business units because of the different products and services they provide. The Company evaluates performance and allocates resources based on profit or loss from operations. There are no material intersegment sales or transfers.

The following tables present selected financial information with respect to the Company’s reportable business segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 :

(dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 — Banking Division		Retail Mortgage Division	Warehouse Lending Division	SBA Division		Premium Finance Division	Total
Interest income	$ 141,630		$ 27,141	$ 5,786	$ 4,366		$ 9,438	$ 188,361
Interest expense	17,368		14,132	2,617	1,793		3,682	39,592
Net interest income	124,262		13,009	3,169	2,573		5,756	148,769
Provision for loan losses	3,549		1,490	—	( 15	)	965	5,989
Noninterest income	21,173		52,493	560	2,766		1	76,993
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	39,794		34,144	286	1,985		1,424	77,633
Equipment and occupancy expenses	10,750		1,686	2	66		135	12,639
Data processing and telecommunications expenses	9,551		660	41	22		98	10,372
Other expenses	87,059		3,484	27	503		980	92,053
Total noninterest expense	147,154		39,974	356	2,576		2,637	192,697
Income before income tax expense	( 5,268	)	24,038	3,373	2,778		2,155	27,076
Income tax expense	( 1,269	)	5,048	708	584		621	5,692
Net income	$ ( 3,999	)	$ 18,990	$ 2,665	$ 2,194		$ 1,534	$ 21,384
Total assets	$ 13,031,554		$ 3,156,895	$ 564,297	$ 262,719		$ 748,812	$ 17,764,277
Goodwill	846,990		—	—	—		64,498	911,488
Other intangible assets, net	78,728		—	—	—		18,600	97,328

(dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 — Banking Division	Retail Mortgage Division	Warehouse Lending Division	SBA Division	Premium Finance Division	Total
Interest income	$ 97,282	$ 9,347	$ 4,035	$ 2,090	$ 8,365	$ 121,119
Interest expense	13,241	3,803	1,566	631	2,840	22,081
Net interest income	84,041	5,544	2,469	1,459	5,525	99,038
Provision for loan losses	1,229	122	—	41	703	2,095
Noninterest income	16,524	12,097	503	1,045	2	30,171
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	26,120	10,061	136	650	1,447	38,414
Equipment and occupancy expenses	7,871	618	2	58	49	8,598
Data processing and telecommunications expenses	7,589	347	30	1	551	8,518
Other expenses	13,461	1,828	69	242	1,223	16,823
Total noninterest expense	55,041	12,854	237	951	3,270	72,353
Income before income tax expense	44,295	4,665	2,735	1,512	1,554	54,761
Income tax expense	11,156	943	574	317	327	13,317
Net income	$ 33,139	$ 3,722	$ 2,161	$ 1,195	$ 1,227	$ 41,444
Total assets	$ 9,616,931	$ 789,402	$ 297,979	$ 134,172	$ 590,510	$ 11,428,994
Goodwill	440,147	—	—	—	65,457	505,604
Other intangible assets, net	33,125	—	—	—	21,604	54,729

(dollars in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 — Banking Division	Retail Mortgage Division	Warehouse Lending Division	SBA Division	Premium Finance Division	Total
Interest income	$ 338,396	$ 53,286	$ 16,140	$ 8,827	$ 25,669	$ 442,318
Interest expense	44,340	26,957	7,294	3,986	9,926	92,503
Net interest income	294,056	26,329	8,846	4,841	15,743	349,815
Provision for loan losses	7,913	2,235	—	394	3,523	14,065
Noninterest income	50,373	84,853	1,389	6,379	6	143,000
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	91,954	54,237	609	3,447	4,049	154,296
Equipment and occupancy expenses	25,065	3,122	4	190	296	28,677
Data processing and telecommunications expenses	24,778	1,384	109	27	853	27,151
Other expenses	126,743	7,983	170	1,249	3,104	139,249
Total noninterest expense	268,540	66,726	892	4,913	8,302	349,373
Income before income tax expense	67,976	42,221	9,343	5,913	3,924	129,377
Income tax expense	16,197	8,831	1,962	1,242	952	29,184
Net income	$ 51,779	$ 33,390	$ 7,381	$ 4,671	$ 2,972	$ 100,193

(dollars in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 — Banking Division	Retail Mortgage Division	Warehouse Lending Division	SBA Division	Premium Finance Division		Total
Interest income	$ 226,576	$ 24,142	$ 10,428	$ 5,428	$ 24,003		$ 290,577
Interest expense	25,417	8,555	3,778	1,725	7,264		46,739
Net interest income	201,159	15,587	6,650	3,703	16,739		243,838
Provision for loan losses	2,883	585	—	1,025	8,513		13,006
Noninterest income	42,910	37,571	1,635	3,764	2,062		87,942
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	74,834	28,667	402	2,010	4,250		110,163
Equipment and occupancy expenses	19,032	1,756	2	171	225		21,186
Data processing and telecommunications expenses	19,504	1,119	93	19	1,357		22,092
Other expenses	54,478	5,337	176	884	3,521		64,396
Total noninterest expense	167,848	36,879	673	3,084	9,353		217,837
Income before income tax expense	73,338	15,694	7,612	3,358	935		100,937
Income tax expense (benefit)	18,114	3,262	1,598	705	( 233	)	23,446
Net income	$ 55,224	$ 12,432	$ 6,014	$ 2,653	$ 1,168		$ 77,491

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain of the statements made in this report are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of, and subject to the protections of, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements include statements with respect to our beliefs, plans, objectives, goals, expectations, anticipations, assumptions, estimates, intentions and future performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, many of which may be beyond our control and which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of the Company to be materially different from future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.

All statements other than statements of historical fact are statements that could be forward-looking statements. You can identify these forward-looking statements through our use of words such as “may,” “will,” “anticipate,” “assume,” “should,” “indicate,” “would,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “continue,” “plan,” “point to,” “project,” “predict,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “potential” and other similar words and expressions of the future. These forward-looking statements may not be realized due to a variety of factors, including, without limitation, the following: general competitive, economic, political and market conditions and fluctuations, including movements in interest rates; competitive pressures on product pricing and services; legislative and regulatory initiatives; additional competition in our markets; changes in state and federal banking laws and regulations to which we are subject; financial market conditions and the results of financing efforts; changes in commodity prices and interest rates; potential business strategies, including acquisitions or dispositions of assets or internal restructuring, that may be pursued by us; the successful integration of acquired businesses on a timely basis; the timely realization of expected cost savings and any revenue synergies from acquisition transactions; weather, natural disasters and other catastrophic events; and other factors discussed in our filings with the SEC under the Exchange Act.

All written or oral forward-looking statements that are made by or are attributable to us are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary notice. Our forward-looking statements apply only as of the date of this report or the respective date of the document from which they are incorporated herein by reference. We have no obligation and do not undertake to update, revise or correct any of the forward-looking statements after the date of this report, or after the respective dates on which such statements otherwise are made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Overview

The following is management’s discussion and analysis of certain significant factors which have affected the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as reflected in the unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2019 , as compared with December 31, 2018 , and operating results for the three- and nine- month periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 . These comments should be read in conjunction with the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes appearing elsewhere herein.

This discussion contains certain performance measures determined by methods other than in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Management of the Company uses these non-GAAP measures in its analysis of the Company’s performance. These measures are useful when evaluating the underlying performance and efficiency of the Company’s operations and balance sheet. The Company’s management believes that these non-GAAP measures provide a greater understanding of ongoing operations, enhance comparability of results with prior periods and demonstrate the effects of significant gains and charges in the current period. The Company’s management believes that investors may use these non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate the Company’s financial performance without the impact of unusual items that may obscure trends in the Company’s underlying performance. These disclosures should not be viewed as a substitute for financial measures determined in accordance with GAAP, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other companies. Non-GAAP measures include tangible common equity, tangible book value per common share, adjusted net income, and adjusted net income per diluted share. The Company calculates the regulatory capital ratios using current regulatory report instructions. The Company’s management uses these measures to assess the quality of capital and believes that investors may find them useful in their evaluation of the Company. These capital measures may or may not be necessarily comparable to similar capital measures that may be presented by other companies.

The following table sets forth unaudited selected financial data for the most recent five quarters and for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018. This data should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and the information contained in this Item 2.

(in thousands, except share and per share data)	Third Quarter 2019	Second Quarter 2019	First Quarter 2019	Fourth Quarter 2018	Third Quarter 2018	Nine Months Ended September 30, — 2019	2018
Results of Operations:
Net interest income	$ 148,769	$ 101,651	$ 99,395	$ 99,554	$ 99,038	$ 349,815	$ 243,838
Net interest income (tax equivalent)	149,896	102,714	100,453	100,633	100,117	353,062	246,847
Provision for loan losses	5,989	4,668	3,408	3,661	2,095	14,065	13,006
Noninterest income	76,993	35,236	30,771	30,470	30,171	143,000	87,942
Noninterest expense	192,697	81,251	75,425	75,810	72,353	349,373	217,837
Income tax expense	5,692	12,064	11,428	7,017	13,317	29,184	23,446
Net income available to common shareholders	21,384	38,904	39,905	43,536	41,444	100,193	77,491
Selected Average Balances:
Investment securities	$ 1,592,005	$ 1,264,415	$ 1,225,564	$ 1,187,437	$ 1,185,225	$ 1,362,004	$ 986,065
Loans held for sale	856,572	154,707	101,521	129,664	151,396	373,699	143,848
Loans	7,514,821	6,370,860	5,867,037	5,819,684	5,703,921	6,587,916	5,277,108
Purchased loans	4,927,839	2,123,754	2,359,280	2,402,610	2,499,393	3,148,726	1,483,029
Purchased loan pools	234,403	245,947	257,661	268,568	287,859	245,918	307,718
Earning assets	15,478,774	10,547,095	10,319,954	10,220,747	10,138,029	12,134,171	8,403,042
Assets	17,340,387	11,625,344	11,423,677	11,307,980	11,204,504	13,483,044	9,217,174
Deposits	13,520,926	9,739,892	9,577,574	9,452,944	8,962,170	10,960,575	7,327,179
Shareholders’ equity	2,432,182	1,519,598	1,478,462	1,428,341	1,395,479	1,813,575	1,094,233
Period-End Balances:
Investment securities	$ 1,558,128	$ 1,305,725	$ 1,249,592	$ 1,206,878	$ 1,198,499	$ 1,558,128	$ 1,198,499
Loans held for sale	1,187,551	261,073	112,070	111,298	130,179	1,187,551	130,179
Loans	7,208,816	6,522,448	5,756,358	5,660,457	5,543,306	7,208,816	5,543,306
Purchased loans	5,388,336	2,286,425	2,472,271	2,588,832	2,711,460	5,388,336	2,711,460
Purchased loan pools	229,132	240,997	253,710	262,625	274,752	229,132	274,752
Earning assets	15,858,175	10,804,385	10,563,571	10,348,393	10,340,558	15,858,175	10,340,558
Total assets	17,764,277	11,889,336	11,656,275	11,443,515	11,428,994	17,764,277	11,428,994
Deposits	13,659,594	9,582,370	9,800,875	9,649,313	9,181,363	13,659,594	9,181,363
Shareholders’ equity	2,420,723	1,537,121	1,495,584	1,456,347	1,404,977	2,420,723	1,404,977
Per Common Share Data:
Earnings per share - basic	$ 0.31	$ 0.82	$ 0.84	$ 0.92	$ 0.87	$ 1.83	$ 1.86
Earnings per share - diluted	$ 0.31	$ 0.82	$ 0.84	$ 0.91	$ 0.87	$ 1.83	$ 1.85
Book value per common share	$ 34.78	$ 32.52	$ 31.43	$ 30.66	$ 29.58	$ 34.78	$ 29.58
Tangible book value per common share	$ 20.29	$ 20.81	$ 19.73	$ 18.83	$ 17.78	$ 20.29	$ 17.78
End of period shares outstanding	69,593,833	47,261,584	47,585,309	47,499,941	47,496,966	69,593,833	47,496,966

(in thousands, except share and per share data)	Third Quarter 2019	Second Quarter 2019	First Quarter 2019	Fourth Quarter 2018	Third Quarter 2018	Nine Months Ended September 30, — 2019	2018
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding:
Basic	69,372,125	47,310,561	47,366,296	47,501,150	47,514,653	54,762,216	41,672,792
Diluted	69,600,499	47,337,809	47,456,314	47,593,252	47,685,334	54,883,122	41,844,900
Market Price:
High intraday price	$ 40.65	$ 39.60	$ 42.01	$ 47.25	$ 54.35	$ 42.01	$ 59.05
Low intraday price	$ 33.71	$ 33.57	$ 31.27	$ 29.97	$ 45.15	$ 31.27	$ 45.15
Closing price for quarter	$ 40.24	$ 39.19	$ 34.35	$ 31.67	$ 45.70	$ 40.24	$ 45.70
Average daily trading volume	461,289	352,684	387,800	375,773	382,622	401,050	291,061
Cash dividends declared per share	$ 0.15	$ 0.10	$ 0.10	$ 0.10	$ 0.10	$ 0.35	$ 0.30
Closing price to book value	1.16	1.21	1.09	1.03	1.54	1.16	1.54
Performance Ratios:
Return on average assets	0.49 %	1.34 %	1.42 %	1.53 %	1.47 %	0.99 %	1.12 %
Return on average common equity	3.49 %	10.27 %	10.95 %	12.09 %	11.78 %	7.39 %	9.47 %
Average loans to average deposits	100.09 %	91.33 %	89.64 %	91.19 %	96.43 %	94.49 %	98.42 %
Average equity to average assets	14.03 %	13.07 %	12.94 %	12.63 %	12.45 %	13.45 %	11.87 %
Net interest margin (tax equivalent)	3.84 %	3.91 %	3.95 %	3.91 %	3.92 %	3.89 %	3.93 %
Efficiency ratio	85.35 %	59.36 %	57.95 %	58.30 %	56.00 %	70.89 %	65.66 %
Non-GAAP Measures Reconciliation -
Tangible book value per common share:
Total shareholders’ equity	$ 2,420,723	$ 1,537,121	$ 1,495,584	$ 1,456,347	$ 1,404,977	$ 2,420,723	$ 1,404,977
Less:
Goodwill	911,488	501,140	501,308	503,434	505,604	911,488	505,604
Other intangible assets, net	97,328	52,437	55,557	58,689	54,729	97,328	54,729
Tangible common equity	$ 1,411,907	$ 983,544	$ 938,719	$ 894,224	$ 844,644	$ 1,411,907	$ 844,644
End of period shares outstanding	69,593,833	47,261,584	47,585,309	47,499,941	47,496,966	69,593,833	47,496,966
Book value per common share	$ 34.78	$ 32.52	$ 31.43	$ 30.66	$ 29.58	$ 34.78	$ 29.58
Tangible book value per common share	20.29	20.81	19.73	18.83	17.78	20.29	17.78

Acquisitions Completed in 2018 and 2019

Since January 1, 2018, the Company completed four acquisitions: US Premium Finance Holding Company, Atlantic Coast Financial Corporation, Hamilton State Bancshares, Inc. and Fidelity Southern Corporation.

Under the acquisition method, income and expenses of the acquiree are recognized prospectively beginning from the date of acquisition.

US Premium Finance Holding Company

On January 31, 2018, the Company closed on the purchase of the final 70% of the outstanding shares of common stock of USPF, completing its acquisition of USPF and making USPF a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Through a series of three acquisition transactions that closed on January 18, 2017, January 3, 2018 and January 31, 2018, the Company issued a total of 1,073,158 shares of its common stock at a fair value of $55.9 million and paid $21.4 million in cash to the shareholders of USPF. Pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement dated January 25, 2018 under which Company purchased the final 70% of the outstanding shares of common stock of USPF, the selling shareholders of USPF could receive additional cash payments aggregating up to $5.8 million based on the achievement by the Company's premium finance division of certain income targets, between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2019. The total contingent consideration paid was $1.2 million based on results achieved through the applicable measurement dates. As of the January 31, 2018 acquisition date, the present value of the contingent earn-out consideration expected to be paid was $5.7 million . Including the fair value of the Company's common stock issued, cash paid and the present value of the contingent earn-out consideration expected to be paid, the aggregate purchase price of USPF amounted to $83.0 million . For additional information regarding the USPF acquisition, see Note 2 .

Atlantic Coast Financial Corporation

On May 25, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Atlantic. Upon consummation of the acquisition, Atlantic was merged with and into the Company, with Ameris as the surviving entity in the merger, and Atlantic's wholly owned banking subsidiary, Atlantic Coast Bank, was merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank surviving. The acquisition expanded the Company's existing market presence, as Atlantic Coast Bank had a total of 12 full-service branches located in Jacksonville and Jacksonville Beach, Duval County, Florida, Waycross, Georgia and Douglas, Georgia, at the time of closing. Under the terms of the merger agreement, Atlantic's shareholders received 0.17 shares of Ameris common stock and $1.39 in cash for each share of Atlantic common stock they previously held. As a result, the Company issued 2,631,520 shares of its common stock at a fair value of $147.8 million and paid $21.5 million in cash to Atlantic's shareholders as merger consideration.

In accounting for the Atlantic acquisition, the Company recorded assets (exclusive of goodwill) of $875.0 million , loans held for investment of $755.7 million , deposits of $585.2 million , and other borrowings of $204.5 million . For additional information regarding the Atlantic acquisition, see Note 2 .

Hamilton State Bancshares, Inc.

On June 29, 2018, the Company completed its acquisition of Hamilton. Upon consummation of the acquisition, Hamilton was merged with and into the Company, with Ameris as the surviving entity in the merger, and Hamilton's wholly owned banking subsidiary, Hamilton State Bank, was merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank surviving. The acquisition expanded the Company's existing market presence, as Hamilton State Bank had a total of 28 full-service branches located in Atlanta, Georgia and the surrounding area as well as in Gainesville, Georgia, at the time of closing. Under the terms of the merger agreement, Hamilton's shareholders received 0.16 shares of Ameris common stock and $0.93 in cash for each share of Hamilton voting common stock or nonvoting common stock they previously held. As a result, the Company issued 6,548,385 shares of its common stock at a fair value of $349.4 million and paid $47.8 million in cash to Hamilton's shareholders as merger consideration.

In accounting for the Hamilton acquisition, the Company recorded assets (exclusive of goodwill) of $1.79 billion , investment securities of $285.8 million , loans held for investment of $1.29 billion , and deposits of $1.59 billion . For additional information regarding the Hamilton acquisition, see Note 2 .

Fidelity Southern Corporation

On July 1, 2019, the Company completed its acquisition of Fidelity. Upon consummation of the acquisition, Fidelity was merged with and into the Company, with Ameris as the surviving entity in the merger, and Fidelity's wholly owned banking subsidiary, Fidelity Bank, was merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank surviving. The acquisition expanded the Company's existing market presence, as Fidelity Bank had a total of 62 full-service branches at the time of closing, 46 of which were located in Georgia and 16 of which were located in Florida, providing financial products and services to customers primarily in the metropolitan markets of Atlanta, Georgia, and Jacksonville, Orlando, Tallahassee, and Sarasota-Bradenton, Florida. Under the terms of the merger agreement, Fidelity's shareholders received 0.80 shares of Ameris common stock, par value $1.00 per share, for each share of Fidelity common stock they held. As a result, the Company issued 22,181,522 shares of its common stock at a fair value of $869.3 million to Fidelity's shareholders as merger consideration.

In accounting for the Fidelity acquisition, the Company recorded assets (exclusive of goodwill) of $4.78 billion , investment securities of $297.9 million , loans held for investment of $3.51 billion , and deposits of $4.04 billion . For additional information regarding the Fidelity acquisition, see Note 2 .

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

Consolidated Earnings and Profitability

Ameris reported net income available to common shareholders of $ 21.4 million , or $0.31 per diluted share, for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 , compared with $41.4 million , or $0.87 per diluted share, for the same period in 2018 . The Company’s return on average assets and average shareholders’ equity were 0.49% and 3.49% , respectively, in the third quarter of 2019 , compared with 1.47% and 11.78% , respectively, in the third quarter of 2018 . During the third quarter of 2019 , the Company incurred pre-tax merger and conversion charges of $65.2 million, pre-tax servicing right recovery of $1.3 million, pre-tax gain on bank owned life insurance ("BOLI") proceeds of $4.3 million, and pre-tax losses on the sale of premises of $889,000. During the third quarter of 2018 , the Company incurred pre-tax merger and conversion charges of $ 276,000 , pre-tax executive retirement benefits of $ 1.0 million , pre-tax restructuring charges related to branch consolidations of $ 229,000 , and pre-tax losses on the sale of premises of $ 4,000 . Excluding these merger and conversion charges, executive retirement benefits, restructuring charges, servicing right recovery, gain on BOLI proceeds and losses on the sale of premises, the Company’s net income would have been $68.5 million , or $0.98 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2019 and $43.3 million , or $0.91 per diluted share, for the third quarter of 2018 .

Below is a reconciliation of adjusted net income to net income, as discussed above.

(in thousands, except share and per share data)	Three Months Ended September 30, — 2019		2018
Net income available to common shareholders	$ 21,384		$ 41,444
Adjustment items:
Merger and conversion charges	65,158		276
Executive retirement benefits	—		962
Restructuring charge	—		229
Servicing right recovery	(1,319	)	—
Gain on BOLI proceeds	(4,335	)	—
Loss on the sale of premises	889		4
Tax effect of adjustment items (Note 1)	(13,238	)	377
After tax adjustment items	47,155		1,848
Adjusted net income	$ 68,539		$ 43,292
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	69,600,499		47,685,334
Net income per diluted share	$ 0.31		$ 0.87
Adjusted net income per diluted share	$ 0.98		$ 0.91
Note: A portion of the merger and conversion charges for both periods and the third quarter 2018 executive retirement benefits are nondeductible for tax purposes. Gain on BOLI proceeds is nontaxbable.

Below is additional information regarding the retail banking activities, mortgage banking activities, warehouse lending activities, SBA activities and premium finance activities of the Company during the third quarter of 2019 and 2018 , respectively:

(dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 — Banking Division		Retail Mortgage Division	Warehouse Lending Division	SBA Division		Premium Finance Division	Total
Interest income	$ 141,630		$ 27,141	$ 5,786	$ 4,366		$ 9,438	$ 188,361
Interest expense	17,368		14,132	2,617	1,793		3,682	39,592
Net interest income	124,262		13,009	3,169	2,573		5,756	148,769
Provision for loan losses	3,549		1,490	—	(15	)	965	5,989
Noninterest income	21,173		52,493	560	2,766		1	76,993
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	39,794		34,144	286	1,985		1,424	77,633
Equipment and occupancy expenses	10,750		1,686	2	66		135	12,639
Data processing and telecommunications expenses	9,551		660	41	22		98	10,372
Other expenses	87,059		3,484	27	503		980	92,053
Total noninterest expense	147,154		39,974	356	2,576		2,637	192,697
Income before income tax expense	(5,268	)	24,038	3,373	2,778		2,155	27,076
Income tax expense	(1,269	)	5,048	708	584		621	5,692
Net income	$ (3,999	)	$ 18,990	$ 2,665	$ 2,194		$ 1,534	$ 21,384

(dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 — Banking Division	Retail Mortgage Division	Warehouse Lending Division	SBA Division	Premium Finance Division	Total
Interest income	$ 97,282	$ 9,347	$ 4,035	$ 2,090	$ 8,365	$ 121,119
Interest expense	13,241	3,803	1,566	631	2,840	22,081
Net interest income	84,041	5,544	2,469	1,459	5,525	99,038
Provision for loan losses	1,229	122	—	41	703	2,095
Noninterest income	16,524	12,097	503	1,045	2	30,171
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	26,120	10,061	136	650	1,447	38,414
Equipment and occupancy expenses	7,871	618	2	58	49	8,598
Data processing and telecommunications expenses	7,589	347	30	1	551	8,518
Other expenses	13,461	1,828	69	242	1,223	16,823
Total noninterest expense	55,041	12,854	237	951	3,270	72,353
Income before income tax expense	44,295	4,665	2,735	1,512	1,554	54,761
Income tax expense	11,156	943	574	317	327	13,317
Net income	$ 33,139	$ 3,722	$ 2,161	$ 1,195	$ 1,227	$ 41,444

Net Interest Income and Margins

The following table sets forth the average balance, interest income or interest expense, and average yield/rate paid for each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, net interest spread, and net interest margin on average interest-earning assets for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 . Federally tax-exempt income is presented on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming a 21% federal tax rate.

	Quarter Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance	Interest Income/ Expense	Average Yield/ Rate Paid	Average Balance	Interest Income/ Expense	Average Yield/ Rate Paid
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Federal funds sold, interest-bearing deposits in banks, and time deposits in other banks	$ 353,134	$ 1,793	2.01%	$ 310,235	$ 1,653	2.11%
Investment securities	1,592,005	11,567	2.88%	1,185,225	9,050	3.03%
Loans held for sale	856,572	7,889	3.65%	151,396	1,566	4.10%
Loans	7,514,821	108,839	5.75%	5,703,921	73,178	5.09%
Purchased loans	4,927,839	57,661	4.64%	2,499,393	34,692	5.51%
Purchased loan pools	234,403	1,739	2.94%	287,859	2,059	2.84%
Total interest-earning assets	15,478,774	189,488	4.86%	10,138,029	122,198	4.78%
Noninterest-earning assets	1,861,613			1,066,475
Total assets	$ 17,340,387			$ 11,204,504
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits	$ 6,525,915	$ 15,710	0.96%	$ 4,430,646	$ 7,109	0.64%
Time deposits	2,954,419	13,715	1.84%	2,210,673	8,521	1.53%
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	19,914	32	0.64%	12,529	4	0.13%
FHLB advances	810,384	4,618	2.26%	513,460	2,745	2.12%
Other borrowings	220,918	3,332	5.98%	145,513	2,180	5.94%
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	133,519	2,185	6.49%	88,801	1,522	6.80%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	10,665,069	39,592	1.47%	7,401,622	22,081	1.18%
Demand deposits	4,040,592			2,320,851
Other liabilities	202,544			86,552
Shareholders’ equity	2,432,182			1,395,479
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 17,340,387			$ 11,204,504
Interest rate spread			3.39%			3.60%
Net interest income		$ 149,896			$ 100,117
Net interest margin			3.84%			3.92%

On a tax-equivalent basis, net interest income for the third quarter of 2019 was $149.9 million , an increase of $49.8 million, or 49.7%, compared with $100.1 million reported in the same quarter in 2018 . The higher net interest income is a result of growth in average interest earning assets which increased $5.34 billion, or 52.7%, from $10.14 billion in the third quarter of 2018 to $15.48 billion for the third quarter of 2019 . This growth in interest earning assets resulted primarily from the Fidelity acquisition occurring in the third quarter of 2019, as well as strong growth in average legacy loans which increased $1.81 billion, or 31.7%, to $7.51 billion in the third quarter 2019 from $5.70 billion in the same period of 2018 . The Company’s net interest margin during the third quarter of 2019 was 3.84% , down eight basis points from 3.92% reported in the third quarter of 2018 .

Total interest income, on a tax-equivalent basis, increased to $189.5 million during the third quarter of 2019 , compared with $122.2 million in the same quarter of 2018 . Yields on earning assets increased to 4.86% during the third quarter of 2019 , compared with 4.78% reported in the third quarter of 2018 . During the third quarter of 2019 , loans comprised 87.4% of average earning assets, compared with 85.2% in the same quarter of 2018 . Yields on legacy loans increased to 5.75% in the third quarter of 2019 , compared with 5.09% in the same period of 2018 . The yield on purchased loans decreased from 5.51% in the third quarter of 2018 to 4.64% during the third quarter of 2019 . Accretion income for the third quarter of 2019 was $4.2 million, compared with $3.7 million in the third quarter of 2018 . Yields on purchased loan pools increased from 2.84% in the third quarter of 2018 to 2.94% in the same period in 2019 .

The yield on total interest-bearing liabilities increased from 1.18% in the third quarter of 2018 to 1.47% in the third quarter of 2019 . Total funding costs, inclusive of noninterest-bearing demand deposits, increased to 1.07% in the third quarter of 2019 , compared with 0.90% during the third quarter of 2018 . Deposit costs increased from 0.69% in the third quarter of 2018 to 0.86% in the third quarter of 2019 . Non-deposit funding costs increased slightly from 3.37% in the third quarter of 2018 to 3.40% in the third quarter of 2019 . Average balances of interest bearing deposits and their respective costs for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018 are shown below:

(dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 — Average Balance	Average Cost	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 — Average Balance	Average Cost
NOW	$ 2,049,175	0.55%	$ 1,567,111	0.29%
MMDA	3,815,185	1.31%	2,440,086	0.96%
Savings	661,555	0.16%	423,449	0.08%
Retail CDs	2,804,243	1.83%	1,722,987	1.26%
Brokered CDs	150,176	2.14%	487,686	2.48%
Interest-bearing deposits	$ 9,480,334	1.23%	$ 6,641,319	0.93%

Provision for Loan Losses

The Company’s provision for loan losses during the third quarter of 2019 amounted to $6.0 million , compared with $2.1 million in the third quarter of 2018 . At September 30, 2019 , classified loans still accruing decreased to $78.3 million, compared with $81.9 million at December 31, 2018 . Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets increased from 0.55% at December 31, 2018 to 0.73% at September 30, 2019 . The increase in non-performing assets is primarily attributable to assets acquired in the Fidelity acquisition. Net charge-offs on legacy loans during the third quarter of 2019 were approximately $1.6 million, or 0.09% of average legacy loans on an annualized basis, compared with approximately $6.3 million, or 0.44%, in the third quarter of 2018 . The decrease in net charge-offs on legacy loans during the third quarter of 2019 was primarily attributable to a decrease in charge-offs on commercial, financial, and agricultural loans. The Company’s allowance for loan losses allocated to legacy loans at September 30, 2019 was $33.2 million , or 0.46% of legacy loans, compared with $26.2 million, or 0.46% of legacy loans, at December 31, 2018 . The Company’s total allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2019 was $35.5 million , or 0.28% of total loans, compared with $28.8 million, or 0.34% of total loans, at December 31, 2018 .

Noninterest Income

Total noninterest income for the third quarter of 2019 was $77.0 million , an increase of $46.8 million , or 155.2% , from the $30.2 million reported in the third quarter of 2018 . Service charges on deposit accounts increased $721,000 , or 5.7% , to $13.4 million in the third quarter of 2019 , compared with $12.7 million in the third quarter of 2018 . This increase in service charges on deposit accounts is due primarily to an increase in the number of deposit accounts resulting from the Fidelity acquisition in the third quarter of 2019 and organic growth. The Fidelity acquisition added $3.6 million in service charge revenue, which was offset by a decline of approximately $2.8 million in revenue as a result of the Durbin Amendment. Income from mortgage-related activities was $53.0 million in the third quarter of 2019 , an increase of $39.0 million , or 276.7% , from $14.1 million in the third quarter of 2018 . Total production in the third quarter of 2019 amounted to $1.8 billion, compared with $479.1 million in the same quarter of 2018 , while spread (gain on sale) decreased to 2.67% in the current quarter, compared with 3.00% in the same quarter of 2018 . The retail mortgage open pipeline finished the third quarter of 2019 at $784.2 million, compared with $287.4 million at June 30, 2019 and $162.4 million at the end of the third quarter of 2018 . Other service charges, commissions and fees increased $446,000 , or 56.5% , to $1.2 million during the third quarter of 2019 , compared with $790,000 during the third quarter of 2018 , due primarily to increased ATM fees. Other noninterest income increased $6.7 million , or 263.2% , to $9.3 million for the third quarter of 2019 , compared with $2.6 million during the third quarter of 2018 . The increase in other noninterest income was primarily attributable to a $4.3 million gain on BOLI proceeds due to the unfortunate death of a former officer of Fidelity, a $1.3 million increase in gain on sale of SBA loans and an increase in servicing income from indirect automobile loans of $1.0 million.

Noninterest Expense

Total noninterest expenses for the third quarter of 2019 increased $120.3 million , or 166.3% , to $192.7 million , compared with $72.4 million in the same quarter 2018 . Salaries and employee benefits increased $39.2 million , or 102.1% , from $38.4 million in the third quarter of 2018 to $77.6 million in the third quarter of 2019 , due primarily to an increase of 1,059, or 57.3%, full-time equivalent employees from 1,847 at September 30, 2018 to 2,906 at September 30, 2019, resulting from staff added as a result of the Fidelity acquisition which occurred in the third quarter of 2019. Also contributing to the increase in salary and employee benefits was an increase in variable incentive pay of $16.2 million resulting from an increase in mortgage production. Occupancy and equipment expenses increased $4.0 million , or 47.0% , to $12.6 million for the third quarter of 2019 , compared with $8.6 million in the third quarter of 2018 , due primarily to an increase of 47 branch locations from 125 at September 30, 2018 to 172 at September 30, 2019, resulting from branch locations added as a result of the Fidelity acquisition, partially offset by branch locations closed in connection with announced branch consolidations. Data processing and telecommunications expense increased $1.9 million , or 21.8% , to $10.4 million in the third quarter of 2019 , compared with $8.5 million in the third quarter of 2018 , due to the Fidelity acquisition. Credit resolution-related expenses decreased $154,000 , or 12.3% , from $1.2 million in the third quarter of 2018 to $1.1 million in the third quarter of 2019 . Advertising and marketing expense was $1.9 million in the third quarter of 2019 , compared with $1.5 million in the third quarter of 2018 . Amortization of intangible assets increased $3.0 million , or 113.7% , from $2.7 million in the third quarter of 2018 to $5.7 million in the third quarter of 2019 due to additional amortization of intangible assets recorded as part of the Fidelity acquisition. Merger and conversion charges were $65.2 million in the third quarter of 2019 , compared with $276,000 in the same quarter of 2018 . Other noninterest expenses increased $7.0 million , or 62.3% , from $11.2 million in the third quarter of 2018 to $18.1 million in the third quarter of 2019 , due primarily to an increase of $885,000 in the loss on sale of premises and an increase of $1.7 million in consulting fees related to implementation of new support systems. Also contributing to the increase in other noninterest expenses was an increase in volume in certain areas related to our acquisition of Fidelity and increases in variable expenses tied to production in our lines of business.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense is influenced by the statutory rate, the amount of taxable income, the amount of tax-exempt income and the amount of non-deductible expenses. For the third quarter of 2019 , the Company reported income tax expense of $5.7 million , compared with $13.3 million in the same period of 2018 . The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ending September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 21.0% and 24.3% , respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily related to a non-taxable gain on BOLI proceeds and a reduction in the Florida corporate income tax rate partially offset by certain non-deductible merger expenses.

Results of Operations for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 and 2018

Consolidated Earnings and Profitability

Ameris reported net income available to common shareholders of $ 100.2 million , or $1.83 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 , compared with $ 77.5 million , or $1.85 per diluted share, for the same period in 2018 . The Company’s return on average assets and average shareholders’ equity were 0.99% and 7.39% , respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 2019 , compared with 1.12% and 9.47% , respectively, in the same period in 2018 . During the first nine months of 2019 , the Company incurred pre-tax merger and conversion charges of $70.7 million , pre-tax restructuring charges related to branch consolidations of $245,000 , pre-tax servicing right impairment of $141,000 , pre-tax reduction in financial impact of hurricanes of $39,000 , pre-tax gain on BOLI proceeds of $4.3 million and pre-tax losses on the sale of premises of $4.6 million . During the first nine months of 2018 , the Company incurred pre-tax merger and conversion charges of $19.5 million , pre-tax executive retirement benefits of $6.4 million , pre-tax restructuring charges related to branch consolidations of $229,000 and pre-tax losses on the sale of premises of $783,000 . Excluding these merger and conversion charges, executive retirement benefits, restructuring charges, servicing right impairment, the financial impact of hurricanes, gain on BOLI proceeds and losses on the sale of premises, the Company’s net income would have been $156.3 million , or $2.85 per diluted share, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and $100.3 million , or $2.40 per diluted share, for the same period in 2018 .

Below is a reconciliation of adjusted net income to net income, as discussed above.

(in thousands, except share and per share data)	Nine Months Ended September 30, — 2019		2018
Net income available to common shareholders	$ 100,193		$ 77,491
Adjustment items:
Merger and conversion charges	70,690		19,502
Executive retirement benefits	—		6,419
Restructuring charge	245		229
Servicing right impairment	141		—
Financial impact of hurricanes	(39	)	—
Gain on BOLI proceeds	(4,335	)	—
Loss on the sale of premises	4,608		783
Tax effect of adjustment items (Note 1)	(15,167	)	(4,113	)
After tax adjustment items	56,143		22,820
Adjusted net income	$ 156,336		$ 100,311
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	54,883,122		41,844,900
Net income per diluted share	$ 1.83		$ 1.85
Adjusted net income per diluted share	$ 2.85		$ 2.40
Note 1: A portion of the 2019 and 2018 merger and conversion charges and a portion of the 2018 executive retirement benefits are nondeductible for tax purposes. Gain on BOLI proceeds is nontaxable.

(dollars in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 — Banking Division	Retail Mortgage Division	Warehouse Lending Division	SBA Division	Premium Finance Division	Total
Interest income	$ 338,396	$ 53,286	$ 16,140	$ 8,827	$ 25,669	$ 442,318
Interest expense	44,340	26,957	7,294	3,986	9,926	92,503
Net interest income	294,056	26,329	8,846	4,841	15,743	349,815
Provision for loan losses	7,913	2,235	—	394	3,523	14,065
Noninterest income	50,373	84,853	1,389	6,379	6	143,000
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	91,954	54,237	609	3,447	4,049	154,296
Equipment and occupancy expenses	25,065	3,122	4	190	296	28,677
Data processing and telecommunications expenses	24,778	1,384	109	27	853	27,151
Other expenses	126,743	7,983	170	1,249	3,104	139,249
Total noninterest expense	268,540	66,726	892	4,913	8,302	349,373
Income before income tax expense	67,976	42,221	9,343	5,913	3,924	129,377
Income tax expense	16,197	8,831	1,962	1,242	952	29,184
Net income	$ 51,779	$ 33,390	$ 7,381	$ 4,671	$ 2,972	$ 100,193

(dollars in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 — Banking Division	Retail Mortgage Division	Warehouse Lending Division	SBA Division	Premium Finance Division		Total
Interest income	$ 226,576	$ 24,142	$ 10,428	$ 5,428	$ 24,003		$ 290,577
Interest expense	25,417	8,555	3,778	1,725	7,264		46,739
Net interest income	201,159	15,587	6,650	3,703	16,739		243,838
Provision for loan losses	2,883	585	—	1,025	8,513		13,006
Noninterest income	42,910	37,571	1,635	3,764	2,062		87,942
Noninterest expense
Salaries and employee benefits	74,834	28,667	402	2,010	4,250		110,163
Equipment and occupancy expenses	19,032	1,756	2	171	225		21,186
Data processing and telecommunications expenses	19,504	1,119	93	19	1,357		22,092
Other expenses	54,478	5,337	176	884	3,521		64,396
Total noninterest expense	167,848	36,879	673	3,084	9,353		217,837
Income before income tax expense	73,338	15,694	7,612	3,358	935		100,937
Income tax expense	18,114	3,262	1,598	705	(233	)	23,446
Net income	$ 55,224	$ 12,432	$ 6,014	$ 2,653	$ 1,168		$ 77,491

Net Interest Income and Margins

The following table sets forth the average balance, interest income or interest expense, and average yield/rate paid for each category of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, net interest spread, and net interest margin on average interest-earning assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 . Federally tax-exempt income is presented on a taxable-equivalent basis assuming a 21% federal tax rate.

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2019			2018
(dollars in thousands)	Average Balance	Interest Income/ Expense	Average Yield/ Rate Paid	Average Balance	Interest Income/ Expense	Average Yield/ Rate Paid
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Federal funds sold, interest-bearing deposits in banks, and time deposits in other banks	$ 415,908	$ 7,655	2.46%	$ 205,274	$ 3,092	2.01%
Investment securities	1,362,004	30,319	2.98%	986,065	21,212	2.88%
Loans held for sale	373,699	10,673	3.82%	143,848	4,091	3.80%
Loans	6,587,916	273,573	5.55%	5,277,108	195,857	4.96%
Purchased loans	3,148,726	117,826	5.00%	1,483,029	62,584	5.64%
Purchased loan pools	245,918	5,519	3.00%	307,718	6,750	2.93%
Total interest-earning assets	12,134,171	445,565	4.91%	8,403,042	293,586	4.67%
Noninterest-earning assets	1,348,873			814,132
Total assets	$ 13,483,044			$ 9,217,174
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings and interest-bearing demand deposits	$ 5,248,058	$ 38,776	0.99%	$ 3,861,389	$ 16,784	0.58%
Time deposits	2,603,879	35,787	1.84%	1,438,645	13,412	1.25%
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase	13,017	45	0.46%	16,036	18	0.15%
FHLB advances	282,622	4,803	2.27%	529,917	7,585	1.91%
Other borrowings	170,891	7,769	6.08%	102,713	4,634	6.03%
Subordinated deferrable interest debentures	104,345	5,323	6.82%	86,874	4,306	6.63%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	8,422,812	92,503	1.47%	6,035,574	46,739	1.04%
Demand deposits	3,108,638			2,027,145
Other liabilities	138,019			60,222
Shareholders’ equity	1,813,575			1,094,233
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$ 13,483,044			$ 9,217,174
Interest rate spread			3.44%			3.63%
Net interest income		$ 353,062			$ 246,847
Net interest margin			3.89%			3.93%

On a tax-equivalent basis, net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $353.1 million , an increase of $106.2 million, or 43.0%, compared with $246.8 million reported in the same period of 2018 . The higher net interest income is a result of growth in average interest earning assets which increased $3.73 billion, or 44.4%, from $8.40 billion in the first nine months of 2018 to $12.13 billion for the first nine months of 2019 . This increase in average interest earning assets is primarily a result of growth in average legacy loans and average purchased loans. Average legacy loans increased $1.31 billion, or 24.8%, to $6.59 billion in the first nine months of 2019 from $5.28 billion in the same period of 2018 . Average purchased loans increased $1.67 billion, or 112.3%, to $3.15 billion in the first nine months of 2019 from $1.48 billion in the same period in 2018 , resulting from the Fidelity acquisition which occurred in the third quarter of 2019 and the second quarter 2018 acquisitions of Atlantic and Hamilton. The Company’s net interest margin was down slightly during the first nine months of 2019 to 3.89% , compared with 3.93% for the first nine months of 2018 .

Total interest income, on a tax-equivalent basis, increased to $445.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 , compared with $293.6 million in the same period of 2018 . Yields on earning assets increased to 4.91% during the first nine months of 2019 , compared with 4.67% reported in the same period of 2018 . During the first nine months of 2019 , loans comprised 85.3% of average earning assets, compared with 85.8% in the same period of 2018 . Yields on legacy loans increased to 5.55% during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 , compared with 4.96% in the same period of 2018 . The yield on purchased loans decreased from 5.64% in the first nine months of 2018 to 5.00% during the first nine months of 2019 . Accretion income for the

first nine months of 2019 was $10.2 million, compared with $7.8 million in the first nine months of 2018 . Yields on purchased loan pools increased from 2.93% in the first nine months of 2018 to 3.00% in the same period in 2019 .

The yield on total interest-bearing liabilities increased from 1.04% during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 to 1.47% in the same period of 2019 . Total funding costs, inclusive of noninterest-bearing demand deposits, increased to 1.07% in the first nine months of 2019 , compared with 0.78% during the same period of 2018 . Deposit costs increased from 0.55% in the first nine months of 2018 to 0.91% in the same period of 2019 . Non-deposit funding costs increased from 3.01% in the first nine months of 2018 to 4.20% in the same period of 2019 . The increase in non-deposit funding costs was driven primarily by an increase in the average balance of other borrowings and subordinated deferrable interest debentures which carry a higher interest rate coupled with higher market rates being paid on short-term FHLB advances. Average balances of interest bearing deposits and their respective costs for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 are shown below:

(dollars in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 — Average Balance	Average Cost	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 — Average Balance	Average Cost
NOW	$ 1,705,108	0.57%	$ 1,406,434	0.31%
MMDA	3,053,272	1.36%	2,122,138	0.84%
Savings	489,678	0.12%	332,817	0.07%
Retail CDs	2,222,942	1.73%	1,269,586	1.08%
Brokered CDs	380,937	2.45%	169,059	2.47%
Interest-bearing deposits	$ 7,851,937	1.27%	$ 5,300,034	0.76%

Provision for Loan Losses

The Company’s provision for loan losses during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 amounted to $14.1 million , compared with $13.0 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2018 . Approximately $6.7 million of the provision for loan losses recorded during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was attributable to two loan relationships within the premium finance division that became impaired during the second quarter of 2018. At September 30, 2019 , classified loans still accruing decreased to $78.3 million, compared with $81.9 million at December 31, 2018 , due primarily to classified loans still accruing which paid down or were upgraded during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 . Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets increased from 0.55% at December 31, 2018 to 0.73% at September 30, 2019 . The increase in non-performing assets is primarily attributable to assets acquired from Fidelity. Net charge-offs on legacy loans during the first nine months of 2019 were $7.2 million , or 0.15% of average legacy loans on an annualized basis, compared with approximately $11.4 million , or 0.29% , in the first nine months of 2018 . The decrease in net charge-offs on legacy loans during the first nine months of 2019 was primarily attributable to a decrease in commercial, financial and agricultural charge-offs, partially offset by a $1.2 million commercial real estate loan which was fully charged off during the first quarter of 2019 which previously was specifically reserved for at December 31, 2018 . The Company’s allowance for loan losses allocated to legacy loans at September 30, 2019 was $33.2 million , or 0.46% of legacy loans, compared with $26.2 million, or 0.46% of legacy loans, at December 31, 2018 . The Company’s total allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2019 was $35.5 million , or 0.28% of total loans, compared with $28.8 million, or 0.34% of total loans, at December 31, 2018 .

Noninterest Income

Total noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $143.0 million , an increase of $55.1 million , or 62.6% , from the $87.9 million reported for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 . Service charges on deposit accounts in the first nine months of 2019 increased $3.7 million , or 11.0% , to $37.2 million , compared with $33.5 million in the first nine months of 2018 . This increase in service charge revenue was primarily attributable to higher debit card interchange income and an increase in the number of deposit accounts from organic growth and the Fidelity acquisition. Income from mortgage-related activities increased $44.5 million , or 106.5% , from $41.8 million in the first nine months of 2018 to $86.2 million in the same period of 2019 . Total production in the first nine months of 2019 amounted to $2.75 billion, compared with $1.36 billion in the same period of 2018 , while spread (gain on sale) decreased slightly to 2.83% during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 , compared with 2.88% in the same period of 2018 . The retail mortgage open pipeline was $784.2 million at September 30, 2019 , compared with $119.2 million at the beginning of 2019 and $162.4 million at September 30, 2018 . Other service charges, commissions and fees were $2.8 million during the first nine months of 2019 , compared with $2.2 million during the first nine months of 2018 . Other noninterest income increased $6.1 million , or 58.7% , to $16.6 million for the first nine months of 2019 , compared with $10.4 million during the same period of 2018 . The increase in other noninterest income was primarily attributable to a $4.3 million gain on BOLI proceeds resulting from the unfortunate death of a former officer of Fidelity and a $2.0 million increase in gain on sale of SBA loans for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared with the same period in 2018.

Noninterest Expense

Total noninterest expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 increased $131.5 million , or 60.4% , to $349.4 million , compared with $217.8 million in the same period of 2018 . Salaries and employee benefits increased $44.1 million , or 40.1% , from $110.2 million in the first nine months of 2018 to $154.3 million in the same period of 2019 due to staff additions resulting from the Fidelity acquisition and an increase in variable incentive pay related to production increases partially offset by a reduction of $6.6 million in expense recorded during the first nine months of 2018 related to executive retirement benefits and staff reductions from branch consolidation efforts in 2019 . Occupancy and equipment expenses increased $7.5 million , or 35.4% , to $28.7 million for the first nine months of 2019 , compared with $21.2 million in the same period of 2018 , due primarily to 90 branch locations being added during 2018 and 2019 as a result of the Atlantic, Hamilton and Fidelity acquisitions partially offset by branch consolidations during the first nine months of 2019. Data processing and telecommunications expense increased $5.1 million , or 22.9% , to $27.2 million in the first nine months of 2019 , from $22.1 million reported in the same period of 2018 . This increase in data processing and telecommunications during the first nine months of 2019 reflects increased core banking system charges due to an increase in the number of accounts being processed by our core banking system and a $1.4 million refund recorded in the second quarter of 2018 related to overcharges on prior billings from a data processing vendor. Credit resolution-related expenses increased $142,000 , or 5.0% , from $2.8 million in the first nine months of 2018 to $3.0 million in the same period of 2019 . Amortization of intangible assets increased $6.1 million , or 104.2% , from $5.9 million in the first nine months of 2018 to $12.0 million in the first nine months of 2019 , due primarily to additional amortization of intangible assets recorded as part of the Atlantic, Hamilton and Fidelity acquisitions. Merger and conversion charges were $70.7 million in the first nine months of 2019 , compared with $19.5 million in the same period in 2018 . Merger and conversion charges in the first nine months of 2019 were primarily related to the Fidelity acquisition while charges for the first nine months of 2018 primarily related to the USPF, Atlantic and Hamilton acquisitions. Other noninterest expenses increased $15.7 million , or 48.6% , from $32.3 million in the first nine months of 2018 to $47.9 million in the same period of 2019 resulting primarily from increases in consulting fees related to the implementation of a new support system, loss on sale of fixed assets, variable expenses in our lines of business tied to production levels and an increase in volume in certain areas related to our acquisitions of Hamilton, Atlantic and Fidelity.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense is influenced by the statutory rate, the amount of taxable income, the amount of tax-exempt income and the amount of non-deductible expenses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 , the Company reported income tax expense of $29.2 million , compared with $23.4 million in the same period of 2018 . The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 was 22.6% and 23.2% , respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate is due to a non-taxable gain on BOLI proceeds, a reduction in the Florida corporate income tax rate and a reduction in non-deductible executive retirement benefits recognized during 2019 compared with 2018.

Financial Condition as of September 30, 2019

Securities

Debt securities with readily determinable fair values are classified as available for sale and recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings and reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of the related deferred tax effect. Restricted equity securities, are classified as other investment securities and are carried at cost and are periodically evaluated for impairment based on ultimate recovery of par value or cost basis.

The amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are recognized in interest income using methods approximating the interest method over the life of the securities. Realized gains and losses, determined on the basis of the cost of specific securities sold, are included in earnings on the trade date. Declines in the fair value of securities below their cost that are deemed to be other-than-temporary are reflected in earnings as realized losses.

In determining whether other-than-temporary impairment losses exist, management considers (1) the length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than cost, (2) the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer and (3) the intent and ability of the Company to retain its investment in the issuer for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

Management evaluates securities for other-than-temporary impairment at least on a quarterly basis, and more frequently when economic or market concerns warrant such evaluation. Substantially all of the unrealized losses on debt securities are related to changes in interest rates and do not affect the expected cash flows of the issuer or underlying collateral. All unrealized losses are considered temporary because each security carries an acceptable investment grade and the Company does not intend to sell these investment securities at an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2019 , and it is more likely than not that the Company will

not be required to sell these securities prior to recovery or maturity. Therefore, at September 30, 2019 , these investments are not considered impaired on an other-than temporary basis.

The following table is a summary of our investment portfolio at the dates indicated.

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019 — Amortized Cost	Fair Value	December 31, 2018 — Amortized Cost	Fair Value
September 30, 2019
U.S. government sponsored agencies	$ 22,265	$ 22,360	$ —	$ —
State, county and municipal securities	113,607	116,349	149,670	150,733
Corporate debt securities	51,740	52,918	67,123	67,314
Mortgage-backed securities	1,283,846	1,299,580	982,183	974,376
Total debt securities	$ 1,471,458	$ 1,491,207	$ 1,198,976	$ 1,192,423

The amounts of securities available for sale in each category as of September 30, 2019 are shown in the following table according to contractual maturity classifications: (i) one year or less, (ii) after one year through five years, (iii) after five years through ten years and (iv) after ten years.

(dollars in thousands)	U.S. Government Sponsored Agencies — Amount	Yield (1)	State, County and Municipal Securities — Amount	Yield (1)(2)	Corporate Debt Securities — Amount	Yield (1)	Mortgage-Backed Securities — Amount	Yield (1)
One year or less	$ 4,997	2.12 %	$ 11,861	3.16 %	$ —	— %	$ 46	1.95 %
After one year through five years	16,269	1.92	44,232	3.37	14,727	2.80	46,132	2.67
After five years through ten years	1,094	2.16	32,184	3.51	36,220	5.40	355,141	2.81
After ten years	—	—	28,072	3.63	1,971	6.05	898,261	2.69
	$ 22,360	1.97 %	$ 116,349	3.45 %	$ 52,918	4.69 %	$ 1,299,580	2.72 %

(1) Yields were computed using coupon interest, adding discount accretion or subtracting premium amortization, as appropriate, on a ratable basis over the life of each security. The weighted average yield for each maturity range was computed using the amortized cost of each security in that range.

(2) Yields on securities of state and political subdivisions are stated on a taxable-equivalent basis, using a tax rate of 21%.

Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

At September 30, 2019 , gross loans outstanding (including purchased loans, purchased loan pools, and loans held for sale) were $14.01 billion , an increase of $5.39 billion, or 62.5%, from $8.62 billion reported at December 31, 2018 . Loans held for sale increased from $111.3 million at December 31, 2018 to $1.19 billion at September 30, 2019 primarily due to elevated mortgage production levels in the third quarter of 2019. Legacy loans (excluding purchased loans and purchased loan pools) increased $1.55 billion, or 27.4%, from $5.66 billion at December 31, 2018 to $7.21 billion at September 30, 2019 , driven primarily by growth in all loan categories. Approximately half of the growth in legacy loans for the first nine months of 2019 was related to our lines of business with the remaining attributable to our banking segment. Purchased loans increased $2.80 billion, or 108.1%, from $2.59 billion at December 31, 2018 to $5.39 billion at September 30, 2019 , due primarily to loans acquired from Fidelity of $3.51 billion, partially offset by paydowns of $618.8 million and loans sold totaling $86.8 million. Purchased loan pools decreased $33.5 million, or 12.8%, from $262.6 million at December 31, 2018 to $229.1 million at September 30, 2019 , due primarily to payments on the portfolio of $32.5 million and premium amortization of $1.0 million during the first nine months of 2019 .

The Company regularly monitors the composition of the loan portfolio to evaluate the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses in light of the impact that changes in the economic environment may have on the loan portfolio. The Company focuses on the following loan categories: (1) commercial, financial and agricultural; (2) construction and development related real estate; (3) commercial and farmland real estate; (4) residential real estate; and (5) consumer. The Company’s management has strategically located its branches in select markets in Georgia, Florida, Alabama and South Carolina to take advantage of the growth in these areas.

The Company’s risk management processes include a loan review program designed to evaluate the credit risk in the loan portfolio and ensure credit grade accuracy. Through the loan review process, the Company conducts (1) a loan portfolio summary analysis, (2) charge-off and recovery analysis, (3) trends in accruing problem loan analysis, and (4) problem and past-due loan analysis. This analysis process serves as a tool to assist management in assessing the overall quality of the loan portfolio and the adequacy of

the allowance for loan losses. Loans classified as “substandard” are loans which are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged. These assets exhibit a well-defined weakness or are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. These weaknesses may be characterized by past due performance, operating losses and/or questionable collateral values. Loans classified as “doubtful” are those loans that have characteristics similar to substandard loans but have an increased risk of loss. Loans classified as “loss” are those loans which are considered uncollectible and are in the process of being charged off.

The allowance for loan losses is a reserve established through charges to earnings in the form of a provision for loan losses. The provision for loan losses is based on management’s evaluation of the size and composition of the loan portfolio, the level of non-performing and past-due loans, historical trends of charged off loans and recoveries, prevailing economic conditions and other factors management deems appropriate. The Company’s management has established an allowance for loan losses which it believes is adequate for the probable incurred losses in the loan portfolio. Based on a credit evaluation of the loan portfolio, management presents a monthly review of the allowance for loan losses to the Company’s Board of Directors, which primarily focuses on risk by evaluating individual loans in certain risk categories. These categories have also been established by management and take the form of loan grades. By grading the loan portfolio in this manner the Company’s management is able to effectively evaluate the portfolio by risk, which management believes is the most effective way to analyze the loan portfolio and thus analyze the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses.

The allowance for loan losses is established by examining (1) the large classified loans, nonaccrual loans and loans considered impaired and evaluating them individually to determine the specific reserve allocation and (2) the remainder of the loan portfolio to allocate a portion of the allowance based on past loss experience and the economic conditions for the particular loan category. The Company also considers other factors such as changes in lending policies and procedures; changes in national, regional and/or local economic and business conditions; changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio; changes in the experience, ability and depth of either the market president or lending staff; changes in the volume and severity of past-due and classified loans; changes in the quality of the Company’s corporate loan review system; and other factors management deems appropriate.

At the end of the third quarter of 2019 , the allowance for loan losses allocated to legacy loans totaled $33.2 million , or 0.46% of legacy loans, compared with $26.2 million, or 0.46% of legacy loans, at December 31, 2018 . Our legacy nonaccrual loans increased slightly from $18.0 million at December 31, 2018 to $21.7 million at September 30, 2019 . For the first nine months of 2019 , our legacy net charge off ratio as a percentage of average legacy loans decreased to 0.15% , compared with 0.29% for the first nine months of 2018 . The total provision for loan losses for the first nine months of 2019 was $14.1 million , increasing from $13.0 million recorded for the first nine months of 2018 . Our ratio of total nonperforming assets to total assets increased from 0.55% at December 31, 2018 to 0.73% at September 30, 2019 , primarily resulting from assets acquired from Fidelity.

The balance of the allowance for loan losses allocated to all loans collectively evaluated for impairment increased 21.9%, or $5.2 million, during the first nine months of 2019 , while the balance of all loans collectively evaluated for impairment increased 50.3%, or $4.21 billion, during the same period. The increase in the balance of all loans collectively evaluated for impairment is primarily attributable to growth in legacy loans and purchased loans, partially offset by paydowns on purchased loan pools. As a percentage of total loans collectively evaluated for impairment, the allowance allocated to those loans was down five basis points to 0.23% for September 30, 2019 compared with December 31, 2018 .

The balance of the allowance for loan losses allocated to legacy loans collectively evaluated for impairment increased 23.1%, or $5.3 million, during the first nine months of 2019 , while the balance of legacy loans collectively evaluated for impairment increased 27.3%, or $1.54 billion, during the same period. As a percentage of legacy loans collectively evaluated for impairment, the allowance allocated to those loans decreased one basis point from 0.41% at December 31, 2018 to 0.40% at September 30, 2019 due to the consistency in the mix of loan and collateral types and the overall credit quality of the loan portfolio.

For the allowance allocated to loans collectively evaluated expressed as a percentage of loans evaluated collectively for impairment, the largest change for the first nine months of 2019 was noted in the residential real estate loan category which increased five basis points, offset by decreases in all other categories from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019 . The increase noted in the residential real estate category was due to a shift in the mix of loans within that category while the historical loss rates on all components declined over the same period. We consider a four year loss rate on all loan categories. We adjust the qualitative factors to account for the inherent risks in the portfolio that are not captured in the historical loss rates, such as volatile commodity prices for agriculture products, weather-related risks (droughts and hurricanes), growth rates of certain loan types and other factors management deems appropriate.

The balance of the allowance for loan losses allocated to loans individually evaluated for impairment increased 30.0%, or $1.5 million, during the first nine months of 2019 , while the balance of loans individually evaluated for impairment increased 12.9%, or $7.0 million, during the same period. The increase in loan balances individually evaluated for impairment was primarily

attributable to increases of $6.5 million and $1.4 million in the residential real estate and commercial, financial and agricultural categories, respectively, partially offset by a decrease of $866,000 in the commercial and farmland real estate category. The increase in the allowance for loan losses allocated to loans individually evaluated for impairment from December 31, 2018 to September 30, 2019 was primarily related to a small number of loans which migrated to substandard over the same period.

The following tables present an analysis of the allowance for loan losses as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 :

(dollars in thousands)	Nine Months Ended September 30, — 2019	2018
Balance of allowance for loan losses at beginning of period	$ 28,819	$ 25,791
Provision charged to operating expense	14,065	13,006
Charge-offs:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	4,920	11,314
Real estate – construction and development	247	285
Real estate – commercial and farmland	1,367	169
Real estate – residential	80	695
Consumer installment	4,214	2,724
Purchased loans	3,296	1,514
Purchased loan pools	—	—
Total charge-offs	14,124	16,701
Recoveries:
Commercial, financial and agricultural	2,652	2,842
Real estate – construction and development	22	117
Real estate – commercial and farmland	8	169
Real estate – residential	286	255
Consumer installment	675	362
Purchased loans	3,127	2,275
Purchased loan pools	—	—
Total recoveries	6,770	6,020
Net charge-offs	7,354	10,681
Balance of allowance for loan losses at end of period	$ 35,530	$ 28,116

(dollars in thousands)	As of and for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 — Legacy Loans	Purchased Loans	Purchased Loan Pools	Total
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	$ 33,192	$ 1,719	$ 619	$ 35,530
Net charge-offs (recoveries) for the period	7,185	169	—	7,354
Loan balances:
End of period	7,208,816	5,388,336	229,132	12,826,284
Average for the period	6,587,916	3,148,726	245,918	9,982,560
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans (annualized)	0.15 %	0.01 %	0.00 %	0.10 %
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of end of period loans	0.46 %	0.03 %	0.27 %	0.28 %

(dollars in thousands)	As of and for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 — Legacy Loans	Purchased Loans		Purchased Loan Pools	Total
Allowance for loan losses at end of period	$ 25,299	$ 2,013		$ 804	$ 28,116
Net charge-offs (recoveries) for the period	11,442	(761	)	—	10,681
Loan balances:
End of period	5,543,306	2,711,460		274,752	8,529,518
Average for the period	5,277,108	1,483,029		307,718	7,067,855
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans (annualized)	0.29 %	(0.07	)%	0.00 %	0.20 %
Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of end of period loans	0.46 %	0.07	%	0.29 %	0.33 %

Loans Excluding Purchased Loans

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$ 1,781,237	$ 1,316,359
Real estate – construction and development	947,371	671,198
Real estate – commercial and farmland	2,152,528	1,814,529
Real estate – residential	1,866,128	1,403,000
Consumer installment	461,552	455,371
	$ 7,208,816	$ 5,660,457

The following table summarizes the various loan types comprising the "Commercial, financial and agricultural" loan category displayed in the preceding table.

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Municipal loans	$ 498,595	$ 510,600
Premium finance loans	656,570	410,381
Other commercial, financial and agricultural loans	626,072	395,378
	$ 1,781,237	$ 1,316,359

Purchased Assets

Loans that were acquired in transactions, including those that are covered by the loss-sharing agreements with the FDIC (“purchased loans”), totaled $5.39 billion and $2.59 billion at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively. The increase in purchased loans of $2.80 billion, or 108.1%, resulted primarily from loans acquired from Fidelity of $3.51 billion, partially offset by paydowns of $618.8 million and loans sold of $86.8 million during the current year. OREO that was acquired in transactions, including OREO that is covered by the loss-sharing agreements with the FDIC, totaled $15.8 million at September 30, 2019 and $9.5 million at December 31, 2018 .

The Bank initially records purchased loans at fair value, taking into consideration certain credit quality risk and interest rate risk. The Company believes its estimation of credit risk and its adjustments to the carrying balances of the acquired loans are adequate. If the Company determines that a loan or group of loans has deteriorated from its initial assessment of fair value, additional provision for loan loss expense will be recorded for the impairment in value. If the Company determines that a loan or group of loans has improved from its initial assessment of fair value, then the increase in cash flows over those expected at the acquisition date will result in the reversal of provision for loan loss expense to the extent of prior provisions or will be recognized as interest income prospectively if no provisions have been made or have been fully reversed.

Purchased loans are shown below according to loan type as of the end of the periods shown:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Commercial, financial and agricultural	$ 385,355	$ 372,686
Real estate – construction and development	521,324	227,900
Real estate – commercial and farmland	2,057,384	1,337,859
Real estate – residential	1,285,096	623,199
Consumer installment	1,139,177	27,188
	$ 5,388,336	$ 2,588,832

Purchased Loan Pools

Purchased loan pools are defined as groups of residential mortgage loans that were not acquired in bank acquisitions or FDIC-assisted transactions. As of September 30, 2019 , purchased loan pools totaled $229.1 million and consisted of whole-loan residential mortgages on properties outside the Company’s markets, with principal balances totaling $228.0 million and $1.1 million of remaining purchase premium paid at acquisition. As of December 31, 2018 , purchased loan pools totaled $262.6 million and consisted of whole-loan, adjustable rate residential mortgages on properties outside the Company’s markets, with principal balances totaling $260.5 million and $2.1 million of remaining purchase premium paid at acquisition. The Company has allocated

approximately $619,000 and $732,000 of the allowance for loan losses to the purchased loan pools at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively.

Non-Performing Assets

Non-performing assets include nonaccrual loans, accruing loans contractually past due 90 days or more, repossessed personal property, and OREO. Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when management has concerns relating to the ability to collect the principal and interest and generally when such loans are 90 days or more past due. Management performs a detailed review and valuation assessment of impaired loans on a quarterly basis and recognizes losses when impairment is identified. A loan is considered impaired when it is probable that not all principal and interest amounts will be collected according to the loan contract. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, any interest previously accrued but not collected is reversed against current income.

Nonaccrual loans, excluding purchased loans, totaled $21.7 million at September 30, 2019 , an increase of $3.8 million , or 21.1% , from $18.0 million at December 31, 2018 . Nonaccrual purchased loans totaled $78.8 million at September 30, 2019 , an increase of $54.7 million , or 226.7% , compared with $24.1 million at December 31, 2018 . Accruing loans delinquent 90 days or more, excluding purchased loans, totaled $5.8 million at September 30, 2019 , an increase of $1.6 million , or 38.2% , compared with $4.2 million at December 31, 2018 . At September 30, 2019 , OREO, excluding purchased OREO, totaled $4.9 million , a decrease of $2.3 million , or 31.8% , compared with $7.2 million at December 31, 2018 . Purchased OREO totaled $15.8 million at September 30, 2019 , an increase of $6.3 million , or 65.5% , compared with $9.5 million at December 31, 2018 . Management regularly assesses the valuation of OREO through periodic reappraisal and through inquiries received in the marketing process. At the end of the third quarter of 2019 , total non-performing assets as a percent of total assets increased to 0.73% compared with 0.55% at December 31, 2018 , primarily from assets acquired from Fidelity.

Non-performing assets at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Nonaccrual loans, excluding purchased loans	$ 21,739	$ 17,952
Nonaccrual purchased loans	78,762	24,107
Nonaccrual purchased loan pools	—	—
Accruing loans delinquent 90 days or more, excluding purchased loans	5,836	4,222
Accruing purchased loans delinquent 90 days or more	489	—
Repossessed assets	1,258	—
Other real estate owned, excluding purchased assets	4,925	7,218
Purchased other real estate owned	15,785	9,535
Total non-performing assets	$ 128,794	$ 63,034

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The restructuring of a loan is considered a “troubled debt restructuring” if both (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and (ii) the Company has granted a concession.

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company had a balance of $15.1 million and $11.1 million, respectively, in troubled debt restructurings, excluding purchased loans. The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by loan class, excluding purchased loans, classified separately as accrual and nonaccrual at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

September 30, 2019 — Loan Class	Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)	Non-Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	5	$ 649	13	$ 119
Real estate – construction and development	3	69	1	1
Real estate – commercial and farmland	12	2,788	3	530
Real estate – residential	88	9,915	20	925
Consumer installment	5	9	23	66
Total	113	$ 13,430	60	$ 1,641

December 31, 2018 — Loan Class	Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)	Non-Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	5	$ 256	14	$ 138
Real estate – construction and development	5	145	1	2
Real estate – commercial and farmland	12	2,863	3	426
Real estate – residential	71	6,043	20	1,119
Consumer installment	6	16	24	69
Total	99	$ 9,323	62	$ 1,754

The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by loan class, excluding purchased loans, classified separately as those currently paying under restructured terms and those that have defaulted (defined as 30 days past due) under restructured terms at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

September 30, 2019 — Loan Class	Loans Currently Paying Under Restructured Terms — #	Balance (in thousands)	Loans that have Defaulted Under Restructured Terms — #	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	10	$ 661	8	$ 107
Real estate – construction and development	4	71	—	—
Real estate – commercial and farmland	11	2,736	4	582
Real estate – residential	89	9,643	19	1,197
Consumer installment	16	32	12	42
Total	130	$ 13,143	43	$ 1,928

December 31, 2018 — Loan Class	Loans Currently Paying Under Restructured Terms — #	Balance (in thousands)	Loans that have Defaulted Under Restructured Terms — #	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	10	$ 282	9	$ 112
Real estate – construction and development	5	147	1	—
Real estate – commercial and farmland	14	3,043	1	246
Real estate – residential	65	5,756	26	1,406
Consumer installment	18	36	12	49
Total	112	$ 9,264	49	$ 1,813

The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings, excluding purchased loans, by types of concessions made, classified separately as accrual and nonaccrual at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

September 30, 2019 — Type of Concession	Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)	Non-Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)
Forgiveness of interest	—	$ —	1	$ 54
Forbearance of interest	10	1,391	4	424
Forgiveness of principal	1	674	—	—
Forbearance of principal	25	4,949	6	69
Rate reduction only	10	906	2	223
Rate reduction, forbearance of interest	26	2,251	12	305
Rate reduction, forbearance of principal	12	1,179	28	135
Rate reduction, forgiveness of interest	29	2,080	6	430
Rate reduction, forgiveness of principal	—	—	1	1
Total	113	$ 13,430	60	$ 1,641

December 31, 2018 — Type of Concession	Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)	Non-Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)
Forgiveness of interest	—	$ —	1	$ 55
Forbearance of interest	9	1,361	5	509
Forgiveness of principal	1	686	—	—
Forbearance of principal	6	360	4	75
Rate reduction only	11	1,155	1	56
Rate reduction, forbearance of interest	27	2,149	13	618
Rate reduction, forbearance of principal	15	1,384	32	175
Rate reduction, forgiveness of interest	30	2,228	5	264
Rate reduction, forgiveness of principal	—	—	1	2
Total	99	$ 9,323	62	$ 1,754

The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings, excluding purchased loans, by collateral types, classified separately as accrual and nonaccrual at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

September 30, 2019 — Collateral Type	Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)	Non-Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)
Warehouse	3	$ 249	2	$ 289
Raw land	4	122	2	237
Hotel and motel	1	237	1	241
Office	1	156	—	—
Retail, including strip centers	6	2,093	—	—
1-4 family residential	89	9,943	19	689
Automobile/equipment/CD	8	472	35	184
Livestock	—	—	—	—
Unsecured	1	158	1	1
Total	113	$ 13,430	60	$ 1,641

December 31, 2018 — Collateral Type	Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)	Non-Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)
Warehouse	5	$ 544	1	$ 137
Raw land	7	435	1	2
Hotel and motel	1	260	1	246
Office	1	161	—	—
Retail, including strip centers	6	1,980	—	—
1-4 family residential	71	5,835	21	1,161
Automobile/equipment/CD	8	108	36	188
Livestock	—	—	1	18
Unsecured	—	—	1	2
Total	99	$ 9,323	62	$ 1,754

As of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the Company had a balance of $21.2 million and $22.2 million, respectively, in troubled debt restructurings included in purchased loans. The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by loan class of purchased loans, classified separately as accrual and nonaccrual at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

September 30, 2019 — Loan Class	Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)	Non-Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	1	$ 31	3	$ 25
Real estate – construction and development	4	878	2	257
Real estate – commercial and farmland	11	5,829	5	1,428
Real estate – residential	113	11,557	18	1,178
Consumer installment	—	—	7	54
Total	129	$ 18,295	35	$ 2,942

December 31, 2018 — Loan Class	Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)	Non-Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	1	$ 31	3	$ 32
Real estate – construction and development	4	1,015	5	293
Real estate – commercial and farmland	12	6,162	7	1,685
Real estate – residential	115	11,532	24	1,424
Consumer installment	—	—	4	17
Total	132	$ 18,740	43	$ 3,451

The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings by loan class of purchased loans, classified separately as those currently paying under restructured terms and those that have defaulted (defined as 30 days past due) under restructured terms at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

September 30, 2019 — Loan Class	Loans Currently Paying Under Restructured Terms — #	Balance (in thousands)	Loans that have Defaulted Under Restructured Terms — #	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	3	$ 55	1	$ 1
Real estate – construction and development	6	1,135	—	—
Real estate – commercial and farmland	14	6,744	2	513
Real estate – residential	97	10,209	34	2,526
Consumer installment	4	33	3	21
Total	124	$ 18,176	40	$ 3,061

December 31, 2018 — Loan Class	Loans Currently Paying Under Restructured Terms — #	Balance (in thousands)	Loans that have Defaulted Under Restructured Terms — #	Balance (in thousands)
Commercial, financial and agricultural	4	$ 63	—	$ —
Real estate – construction and development	8	1,305	1	3
Real estate – commercial and farmland	17	7,576	2	271
Real estate – residential	106	10,040	33	2,916
Consumer installment	3	14	1	3
Total	138	$ 18,998	37	$ 3,193

The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings included in purchased loans, by types of concessions made, classified separately as accrual and nonaccrual at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

September 30, 2019 — Type of Concession	Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)	Non-Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)
Forbearance of interest	5	$ 440	9	$ 1,317
Forbearance of principal	8	2,705	4	222
Forbearance of principal, extended amortization	—	—	1	233
Rate reduction only	64	9,559	4	344
Rate reduction, forbearance of interest	24	2,253	10	443
Rate reduction, forbearance of principal	7	1,717	4	184
Rate reduction, forgiveness of interest	21	1,621	3	199
Total	129	$ 18,295	35	$ 2,942

December 31, 2018 — Type of Concession	Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)	Non-Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)
Forbearance of interest	5	$ 224	10	$ 1,751
Forbearance of principal	6	2,368	3	226
Forbearance of principal, extended amortization	—	—	1	258
Rate reduction only	73	10,911	6	285
Rate reduction, forbearance of interest	24	2,304	14	356
Rate reduction, forbearance of principal	8	1,635	6	368
Rate reduction, forgiveness of interest	16	1,298	3	207
Total	132	$ 18,740	43	$ 3,451

The following table presents the amount of troubled debt restructurings included in purchased loans, by collateral types, classified separately as accrual and nonaccrual at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

September 30, 2019 — Collateral Type	Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)	Non-Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)
Warehouse	2	$ 348	—	$ —
Raw land	2	759	3	625
Hotel and motel	1	142	—	—
Office	2	389	1	353
Retail, including strip centers	5	3,785	—	—
1-4 family residential	115	11,676	19	1,686
Church	1	1,165	1	188
Automobile/equipment/CD	1	31	11	90
Total	129	$ 18,295	35	$ 2,942

December 31, 2018 — Collateral Type	Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)	Non-Accruing Loans — #	Balance (in thousands)
Warehouse	2	$ 356	—	$ —
Raw land	2	873	6	718
Hotel and motel	1	145	—	—
Office	2	419	2	457
Retail, including strip centers	5	3,882	—	—
1-4 family residential	118	11,837	26	2,009
Church	1	1,197	1	201
Automobile/equipment/CD	1	31	8	65
Total	132	$ 18,740	43	$ 3,450

Commercial Lending Practices

The federal bank regulatory agencies previously issued interagency guidance on commercial real estate lending and prudent risk management practices. This guidance defines commercial real estate (“CRE”) loans as loans secured by raw land, land development and construction (including 1-4 family residential construction), multi-family property and non-farm nonresidential property where the primary or a significant source of repayment is derived from rental income associated with the property, excluding owner-occupied properties (loans for which 50% or more of the source of repayment is derived from the ongoing operations and activities conducted by the party, or affiliate of the party, who owns the property) or the proceeds of the sale, refinancing or permanent financing of the property. Loans for owner-occupied CRE are generally excluded from the CRE guidance.

The CRE guidance is applicable when either:

(1) total loans for construction, land development, and other land, net of owner-occupied loans, represent 100% or more of a bank’s total risk-based capital; or

(2) total loans secured by multifamily and nonfarm nonresidential properties and loans for construction, land development, and other land, net of owner-occupied loans, represent 300% or more of a bank’s total risk-based capital.

Banks that are subject to the CRE guidance criteria are required to implement enhanced strategic planning, CRE underwriting policies, risk management and internal controls, portfolio stress testing, risk exposure limits, and other policies, including management compensation and incentives, to address the CRE risks. Higher allowances for loan losses and capital levels may also be appropriate.

As of September 30, 2019 , the Company exhibited a concentration in the CRE loan category based on Federal Reserve Call codes. The primary risks of CRE lending are:

(1) within CRE loans, construction and development loans are somewhat dependent upon continued strength in demand for residential real estate, which is reliant on favorable real estate mortgage rates and changing population demographics;

(2) on average, CRE loan sizes are generally larger than non-CRE loan types; and

(3) certain construction and development loans may be less predictable and more difficult to evaluate and monitor.

The following table outlines CRE loan categories and CRE loans as a percentage of total loans as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 . The loan categories and concentrations below are based on Federal Reserve Call codes and include purchased loans:

(dollars in thousands)	September 30, 2019 — Balance	% of Total Loans	December 31, 2018 — Balance	% of Total Loans
Construction and development loans	$ 1,468,696	11%	$ 899,097	11%
Multi-family loans	269,623	2%	276,528	3%
Nonfarm non-residential loans (excluding owner-occupied)	2,291,551	18%	1,694,267	20%
Total CRE Loans (excluding owner-occupied)	4,029,870	31%	2,869,892	34%
All other loan types	8,796,414	69%	5,642,022	66%
Total Loans	$ 12,826,284	100%	$ 8,511,914	100%

The following table outlines the percentage of construction and development loans and total CRE loans, net of owner-occupied loans, to the Bank’s total risk-based capital, and the Company’s internal concentration limits as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 :

	Internal Limit	Actual — September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Construction and development loans	100%	84%	78%
Total CRE loans (excluding owner-occupied)	300%	231%	249%

Short-Term Investments

The Company’s short-term investments are comprised of federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in banks. At September 30, 2019 , the Company’s short-term investments were $285.7 million , compared with $507.5 million at December 31, 2018 . At September 30, 2019 , the Company had $21.1 million in federal funds sold and $264.6 million was in interest-bearing deposit balances at correspondent banks and the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

The Company has a cash flow hedge that matures September 15, 2020 with a notional amount of $37.1 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 for the purpose of converting the variable rate on certain junior subordinated debentures to a fixed rate of 4.11%. The fair value of this instrument was a liability of $237,000 at September 30, 2019 and an asset of $102,000 at December 31, 2018 .

The Company also has forward contracts and IRLCs to hedge changes in the value of the mortgage inventory due to changes in market interest rates. The fair value of these instruments amounted to an asset of $15.9 million and $2.5 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively, and a liability of $1.2 million and $1.3 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively.

No material hedge ineffectiveness from cash flow was recognized in the statement of operations. All components of each derivative’s gain or loss are included in the assessment of hedge effectiveness.

Capital

Common Stock Repurchase Program

On September 19, 2019, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $100.0 million of its outstanding common stock. Repurchases of shares, which are authorized to occur through October 31 2020, must be made in accordance with applicable securities laws and may be made from time to time in the open market or by negotiated transactions. The amount and timing of repurchases will be based on a variety of factors, including share acquisition price, regulatory limitations and other market and economic factors. The program does not require the Company to repurchase any specific number of shares. It replaces the Company's prior share repurchase program which was set to expire in October 2019 and under which the Company repurchased $10.6 million of its outstanding common stock in the past year. As of September 30, 2019 , no shares of the Company's common stock, had been repurchased under the program.

Fidelity Acquisition

On July 1, 2019, the Company issued 22,181,522 shares of its common stock to the shareholders of Fidelity. Such shares had a value of $39.19 per share at the time of issuance, resulting in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $869.3 million .

For additional information regarding the Fidelity acquisition, see Note 2 .

Hamilton Acquisition

On June 29, 2018, the Company issued 6,548,385 shares of its common stock to the shareholders of Hamilton. Such shares had a value of $53.35 per share at the time of issuance, resulting in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $349.4 million .

For additional information regarding the Hamilton acquisition, see Note 2 .

Atlantic Acquisition

On May 25, 2018, the Company issued 2,631,520 shares of its common stock to the shareholders of Atlantic. Such shares had a value of $56.15 per share at the time of issuance, resulting in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $147.8 million .

For additional information regarding the Atlantic acquisition, see Note 2 .

USPF Acquisition

On January 18, 2017, in exchange for 4.99% of the outstanding shares of common stock of USPF, the Company issued 128,572 unregistered shares of its common stock to a selling shareholder of USPF. A registration statement was filed with the SEC on February 13, 2017 to register the resale or other disposition of these shares. The issuance of the 128,572 common shares, valued at $45.45 per share at the time of issuance, resulted in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $5.8 million.

On January 3, 2018, in exchange for 25.01% of the outstanding shares of common stock of USPF, the Company issued 114,285 unregistered shares of its common stock and $12.5 million in cash to a selling shareholder of USPF. The issuance of the 114,285 common shares, valued at $48.55 per share at the time of issuance, resulted in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $5.5 million.

On January 31, 2018, in exchange for the final 70% of the outstanding shares of common stock of USPF, the Company issued 830,301 unregistered shares of its common stock and paid $8.9 million in cash to the selling shareholders of USPF. The issuance of the 830,301 common shares, valued at $53.55 per share at the time of issuance, resulted in an increase in shareholders’ equity of $44.5 million. The selling shareholders of USPF could receive additional cash payments aggregating up to $5.8 million based on the achievement by the Company's premium finance division of certain income targets, between January 1, 2018 and June 30, 2019. The total contingent consideration paid was $1.2 million based on results achieved through the applicable measurement dates.

On February 16, 2018, a registration statement was filed with the SEC to register the resale or other disposition of the combined 944,586 shares issued on January 3, 2018 and January 31, 2018.

For additional information regarding the USPF acquisition, see Note 2 .

Capital Management

Capital management consists of providing equity to support both current and anticipated future operations. The Company is subject to capital adequacy requirements imposed by the Federal Reserve Board (the “FRB”) and the Georgia Department of Banking and Finance (the "GDBF"), and the Bank is subject to capital adequacy requirements imposed by the FDIC and the GDBF.

The FRB, the FDIC and the GDBF have adopted risk-based capital requirements for assessing bank holding company and bank capital adequacy. These standards define and establish minimum capital requirements in relation to assets and off-balance sheet exposure, adjusted for credit risk. The risk-based capital standards currently in effect are designed to make regulatory capital requirements more sensitive to differences in risk profiles among bank holding companies and banks and to account for off-balance sheet exposure.

In July 2013, the Federal Reserve published final rules for the adoption of the Basel III regulatory capital framework (the "Basel III Capital Rules"). The Basel III Capital Rules defined a new capital measure called "Common Equity Tier 1" ("CET1"), established

that Tier 1 capital consist of Common Equity Tier 1 and "Additional Tier 1 Capital" instruments meeting specified requirements, defined Common Equity Tier 1, established a capital conservation buffer and expanded the scope of the adjustments as compared with existing regulations. The capital conservation buffer is being increased by 0.625% per year until reaching 2.50% by 2019. The capital conservation buffer was being phased in from 0.0% for 2015 to, 0.625% for 2016, 1.25% for 2017, 1.875% for 2018, and 2.50% for 2019. The Basel III Capital Rules became effective for us on January 1, 2015 with certain transition provisions fully phased in on January 1, 2019.

The regulatory capital standards are defined by the following key measurements:

a) The “Tier 1 Leverage Ratio” is defined as Tier 1 capital to average assets. To be considered “adequately capitalized” under this measurement, a bank must maintain a Tier 1 leverage ratio greater than or equal to 4.00%. For a bank to be considered “well capitalized,” it must maintain a Tier 1 leverage ratio greater than or equal to 5.00%.

b) The “CET1 Ratio” is defined as Common equity tier 1 capital to total risk weighted assets. To be considered “adequately capitalized” under this measurement, a bank must maintain a CET1 ratio greater than or equal to 4.50% (7.00% including the 2.50% capital conservation buffer for 2019; 6.375% including the 1.875% capital conservation buffer for 2018). For a bank to be considered “well capitalized,” it must maintain a CET1 ratio greater than or equal to 6.50%.

c) The “Tier 1 Capital Ratio” is defined as Tier 1 capital to total risk weighted assets. To be considered “adequately capitalized” under this measurement, a bank must maintain a Tier 1 capital ratio greater than or equal to 6.00% (8.50% including the 2.50% capital conservation buffer for 2019; 7.875% including the 1.875% capital conservation buffer for 2018). For a bank to be considered “well capitalized,” it must maintain a Tier 1 capital ratio greater than or equal to 8.00%.

d) The “Total Capital Ratio” is defined as total capital to total risk weighted assets. To be considered “adequately capitalized” under this measurement, a bank must maintain a total capital ratio greater than or equal to 8.00% (10.50% including the 2.50% capital conservation buffer for 2019; 9.875% including the 1.875% capital conservation buffer for 2018). For a bank to be considered “well capitalized,” it must maintain a total capital ratio greater than or equal to 10.00%.

As of September 30, 2019 , under the regulatory capital standards, the Bank was considered “well capitalized” under all capital measurements. The following table sets forth the regulatory capital ratios of for the Company and the Bank at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 .

	September 30, 2019	December 31, 2018
Tier 1 Leverage Ratio (tier 1 capital to average assets)
Consolidated	8.55%	9.17%
Ameris Bank	10.03%	10.46%
CET1 Ratio (common equity tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets)
Consolidated	9.75%	10.07%
Ameris Bank	11.42%	12.66%
Tier 1 Capital Ratio (tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets)
Consolidated	9.75%	11.07%
Ameris Bank	11.42%	12.66%
Total Capital Ratio (total capital to risk weighted assets)
Consolidated	11.04%	12.23%
Ameris Bank	12.20%	12.98%

Interest Rate Sensitivity and Liquidity

The Company’s primary market risk exposures are credit risk, interest rate risk, and to a lesser degree, liquidity risk. The Bank operates under an Asset Liability Management Policy approved by the Company’s Board of Directors and the ALCO Committee. The policy outlines limits on interest rate risk in terms of changes in net interest income and changes in the net market values of assets and liabilities over certain changes in interest rate environments. These measurements are made through a simulation model which projects the impact of changes in interest rates on the Bank’s assets and liabilities. The policy also outlines responsibility for monitoring interest rate risk, and the process for the approval, implementation and monitoring of interest rate risk strategies to achieve the Bank’s interest rate risk objectives.

The ALCO Committee is comprised of senior officers of Ameris and two independent members of the Company’s Board of Directors. The ALCO Committee makes all strategic decisions with respect to the sources and uses of funds that may affect net interest income, including net interest spread and net interest margin. The objective of the ALCO Committee is to identify the

interest rate, liquidity and market value risks of the Company’s balance sheet and use reasonable methods approved by the Company’s Board of Directors and executive management to minimize those identified risks.

The normal course of business activity exposes the Company to interest rate risk. Interest rate risk is managed within an overall asset and liability framework for the Company. The principal objectives of asset and liability management are to predict the sensitivity of net interest spreads to potential changes in interest rates, control risk and enhance profitability. Funding positions are kept within predetermined limits designed to properly manage risk and liquidity. The Company employs sensitivity analysis in the form of a net interest income simulation to help characterize the market risk arising from changes in interest rates. In addition, fluctuations in interest rates usually result in changes in the fair market value of the Company’s financial instruments, cash flows and net interest income. The Company’s interest rate risk position is managed by the ALCO Committee.

The Company uses a simulation modeling process to measure interest rate risk and evaluate potential strategies. Interest rate scenario models are prepared using software created and licensed from an outside vendor. The Company’s simulation includes all financial assets and liabilities. Simulation results quantify interest rate risk under various interest rate scenarios. Management then develops and implements appropriate strategies. The ALCO Committee has determined that an acceptable level of interest rate risk would be for net interest income to increase/decrease no more than 20% given a change in selected interest rates of 200 basis points over any 24-month period.

Liquidity management involves the matching of the cash flow requirements of customers, who may be either depositors desiring to withdraw funds or borrowers needing assurance that sufficient funds will be available to meet their credit needs, and the ability of Ameris to manage those requirements. The Company strives to maintain an adequate liquidity position by managing the balances and maturities of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities so that the balance it has in short-term assets at any given time will adequately cover any reasonably anticipated immediate need for funds. Additionally, the Bank maintains relationships with correspondent banks, which could provide funds on short notice, if needed. The Company has invested in FHLB stock for the purpose of establishing credit lines with the FHLB. The credit availability to the Bank is equal to 30% of the Bank’s total assets as reported on the most recent quarterly financial information submitted to the regulators subject to the pledging of sufficient collateral. At September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , the net carrying value of the Company’s other borrowings was $1.35 billion and $151.8 million , respectively.

The following liquidity ratios compare certain assets and liabilities to total deposits or total assets:

	September 30, 2019	June 30, 2019	March 31, 2019	December 31, 2018	September 30, 2018
Investment securities available for sale to total deposits	10.92%	13.29%	12.60%	12.36%	12.66%
Loans (net of unearned income) to total deposits	93.90%	94.44%	86.55%	88.21%	92.90%
Interest-earning assets to total assets	89.27%	90.87%	90.63%	90.43%	90.48%
Interest-bearing deposits to total deposits	70.15%	71.08%	71.91%	73.88%	74.58%

The liquidity resources of the Company are monitored continuously by the ALCO Committee and on a periodic basis by state and federal regulatory authorities. As determined under guidelines established by these regulatory authorities, the Company’s and the Bank’s liquidity ratios at September 30, 2019 were considered satisfactory. The Company is aware of no events or trends likely to result in a material change in liquidity.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

The Company is exposed only to U.S. dollar interest rate changes, and, accordingly, the Company manages exposure by considering the possible changes in the net interest margin. The Company does not have any trading instruments nor does it classify any portion of the investment portfolio as held for trading. The Company’s hedging activities are limited to cash flow hedges and are part of the Company’s program to manage interest rate sensitivity.

At September 30, 2019 , the Company had one cash flow hedge with a notional amount of $37.1 million for the purpose of converting the variable rate on certain junior subordinated debentures to a fixed rate. The LIBOR rate swap exchanges fixed rate payments of 4.11% for floating rate payments based on the three-month LIBOR rate and matures September 2020. The fair value of this instrument was a liability of $237,000 at September 30, 2019 and an asset of $102,000 at December 31, 2018 .

The Company also had forward contracts and IRLCs to hedge changes in the value of the mortgage inventory due to changes in market interest rates. The fair value of these instruments amounted to an asset of approximately $15.9 million and $2.5 million at

September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively, and a liability of $1.2 million and $1.3 million at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 , respectively.

The Company has no exposure to foreign currency exchange rate risk, commodity price risk and other market risks.

Interest rates play a major part in the net interest income of a financial institution. The sensitivity to rate changes is known as “interest rate risk.” The repricing of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities can influence the changes in net interest income. As part of the Company’s asset/liability management program, the timing of repriced assets and liabilities is referred to as “gap management.”

The Company uses simulation analysis to monitor changes in net interest income due to changes in market interest rates. The simulation of rising, declining and flat interest rate scenarios allows management to monitor and adjust interest rate sensitivity to minimize the impact of market interest rate swings. The analysis of the impact on net interest income over a 12-month and 24-month period is subjected to gradual and parallel shocks of 100, 200, 300 and 400 basis point increases and decreases in market rates and is monitored on a quarterly basis.

Additional information required by Item 305 of Regulation S-K is set forth under Part I, Item 2 of this report.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act), as of the end of the period covered by this report, as required by paragraph (b) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 of the Exchange Act. Based on such evaluation, such officers have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

During the quarter ended September 30, 2019 , there was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 of the Exchange Act that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, the Company and the Bank are subject to various legal proceedings, claims and disputes that arise in the ordinary course of business. Additionally, in the ordinary course of business, the Company and the Bank are also subject to regulatory examinations, information gathering requests, inquiries and investigations. Based on the Company’s current knowledge and advice of counsel, management presently does not believe that the liabilities arising from these legal matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of these legal matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations and financial condition for any particular period.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Item 1A. of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 .

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

The table below sets forth information regarding the Company’s repurchase of shares of its outstanding common stock during the three-month period ended September 30, 2019 .

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share	Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
July 1, 2019 through July 31, 2019	—	$ —	—	$ 89,447,425
August 1, 2019 through August 31, 2019	—	$ —	—	$ 89,447,425
September 1, 2019 through September 30, 2019	—	$ —	—	$ 100,000,000
Total	—	$ —	—	$ 100,000,000

(1) On September 19, 2019, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase up to $100.0 million of its outstanding common stock. Repurchases of shares, which are authorized to occur through October 31, 2020, will be made, if at all, in accordance with applicable securities laws and may be made from time to time in the open market or by negotiated transactions. The amount and timing of repurchases will be based on a variety of factors, including share acquisition price, regulatory limitations and other market and economic factors. The program does not require the Company to repurchase any specific number of shares. It replaces the Company's prior share repurchase program which was set to expire in October 2019 and under which the Company repurchased $10.6 million of its outstanding common stock in the past year. As of September 30, 2019 , no shares of the Company's common stock, had been repurchased under the new program.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibit Number	Description
3.1	Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp, as amended (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Regulation A Offering Statement on Form 1-A filed with the SEC on August 14, 1987).
3.2	Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.7 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 26, 1999).
3.3	Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.9 to Ameris Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2003).
3.4	Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 1, 2005).
3.5	Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 21, 2008).
3.6	Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation of Ameris Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on June 1, 2011).
3.7	Bylaws of Ameris Bancorp, as amended and restated through July 1, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).
4.1	Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to Fidelity Southern Corporation) and U.S. Bank National Association, dated as of June 26, 2003 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).
4.2	First Supplemental Indenture, among Ameris Bancorp, Fidelity Southern Corporation and U.S. Bank National Association, dated as of July 1, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).
4.3	Form of Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures due 2033 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).
4.4	Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to Fidelity Southern Corporation) and Wilmington Trust Company, dated as of March 17, 2005 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).
4.5	First Supplemental Indenture, among Ameris Bancorp, Fidelity Southern Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company, dated as of July 1, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).
4.6	Form of Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures due 2035 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.6 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).
4.7	Indenture between Ameris Bancorp (as successor to Fidelity Southern Corporation) and Wilmington Trust Company, dated as of August 20, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).
4.8	First Supplemental Indenture, among Ameris Bancorp, Fidelity Southern Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company, dated as of July 1, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.8 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).
4.9	Form of Fixed/Floating Rate Junior Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures due 2037 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to Ameris Bancorp’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 1, 2019).
10.1	Employment Agreement by and among Ameris Bancorp, Ameris Bank and James B. Miller, Jr. dated as of December 17, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 9, 2019).
10.2	Employment Agreement by and among Ameris Bancorp, Ameris Bank and H. Palmer Proctor, Jr. dated as of December 17, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 9, 2019).
10.3	Amendment to Employment Agreement by and among Ameris Bancorp, Ameris Bank and H. Palmer Proctor, Jr. dated as of June 30, 2019 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Ameris Bancorp's Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on August 9, 2019).
31.1	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

Exhibit Number	Description
31.2	Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification by the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.
32.1	Section 1350 Certification by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.
32.2	Section 1350 Certification by the Company’s Chief Financial Officer.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: November 8, 2019
/s/ Nicole S. Stokes
Nicole S. Stokes
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (duly authorized signatory and principal accounting and financial officer)

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