AFARAK GROUP PLC

The Board of Directors Report 2021 and the Annual Financial Statements 1 January-31 December 2021

Domicile: Helsinki
Company number: 0618181-8

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REPORT ... 3
SAFETY, HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ... 3
THE FERROCHROME AND CHROME ORE MARKET ... 5
GROUP OPERATIONAL REVIEW ... 6
GROUP FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ... 7
SEGMENTS REVIEW ... 8
SPECIALITY ALLOYS SEGMENT ... 8
FERROALLOYS SEGMENT ... 9
RISK MANAGEMENT ... 10
SHARE INFORMATION ... 10
KEY FIGURES ... 15
SHARE-RELATED KEY INDICATORS ... 16
EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD ... 18

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ... 19

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, IFRS ... 20
CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT ... 20
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ... 21
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION ... 22
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS ... 24
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY ... 25

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ... 26
1.1 COMPANY INFORMATION ... 26
1.2 ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES ... 26
1.3 GOING CONCERN ... 38
1.4 BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND ACQUISITION OF NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS ... 39
1.5 IMPAIRMENT TESTING ... 39
1.6 OPERATING SEGMENTS ... 42
1.7 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT ... 46
1.8 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION ... 51
1.9 RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES ... 71
1.10 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES ... 73
1.11 EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD ... 73

PARENT COMPANY'S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (FAS) ... 74
INCOME STATEMENT (FAS) ... 74
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (FAS) ... 75
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (FAS) ... 77

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE PARENT COMPANY (FAS) ... 78
2.1 Accounting Policies ... 78
2.2 Notes to the income statement ... 79
2.3 Notes to assets ... 81
2.4 Notes to equity and liabilities ... 83
2.5 Pledges and contingent liabilities ... 85
2.6 Other notes ... 85

SIGNATURES TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REPORT AND THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ... 88

THE AUDITOR'S NOTE ... 89

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REPORT

2021 in review

2021 was a rather successful turnaround year for Afarak in spite of the pandemic. We managed to produce positive results and to reduce our debt. Our Specialty Alloys segment performed well, when compared to previous years. We have sold the Ilitha mine while temporarily halting mining operations in all other South African mines.

Outlook

In the first 2 months of the year 2022, we saw further improving market prices and demand in the specialty segment, as well as rising raw material and energy prices. Thereafter, the Russian invasion in Ukraine has completely shaken up the commodities and energy markets altogether. While the market prices are picking up almost daily, the raw material, consumables, and energy cost follow. Some essential raw materials become scarce and more difficult to secure. Our customers in the stainless-steel industry are mostly suffering from these disruptions (especially the uncontrollable Nickel quotations). These special circumstances will most certainly lead to exceptionally positive returns for the company, in the short term. It is impossible to predict for how long this would continue. A swift return to more normal market conditions may thereafter lead to negative consequences in a longer term. Normally, we as management, have a visibility of one quarter. In this case, we have to monitor the evolution very closely on a daily basis, in the optic to secure supplies and act in a responsible way during this crisis.

We are also planning on resuming some mining activities in South Africa shortly.

Our top priority remains the protection of our colleagues' health and the preservation of our assets. We have made serious progress on that side during 2021. Going forward, we will particularly focus on further reducing our CO2 footprint.

Growth strategy

We have been in full production in Germany since beginning of 2021 and, except for major geopolitical disruptions, we expect very full order books until the summer break at least. Our Magnesia project in Serbia is another asset with very big potential. We expect to start the ramping up of the production facilities during 2022.

Thank You

After several years of serious difficulties, we finally managed to stabilize the company. I cannot thank all colleagues across the organization enough for the tremendous job that each one has achieved. I also wish to extend my deepest thanks to our board members, who helped us with valuable advice and infallible support through these harsh times.

Guy Konsbruck

CEO

SAFETY, HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainability

Afarak understands that sustainability is critical to any business and industry. We want to proceed in the right way at all levels of our business. Our sustainability initiatives are built around four main pillars that are integrated in our decision-making.

Our employee's safety is our top priority. It comes before anything else and we do not make any shortcuts. In this regard, we are constantly focusing on improving the health and well-being of our co-workers and care for the communities around our operation facilities. As a primary sector company, we feel committed to gradually minimising our ecological footprint.

The communities that host our operations are important stakeholders and we are proud of the reputation that we have built in the years of our co-operation.

During 2021, the world continued to encounter very difficult times due to the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently Afarak has implemented measures to have the main part of the office based employees working from home. Thanks to all the precautions implemented in all Afarak Group units very limited amount of cases has been reported which did not materially impact the production.

Our commitment

Afarak vows to deliver its contribution to environmental and social sustainability through its production processes. We believe that our efforts will support several United Nations' resolutions on sustainability, such as decreasing poverty and hunger, but also increasing gender equality, education and access to clean water.

Our most significant impact on local host communities lies in providing direct and indirect employment. We support local communities in their needs related to education and infrastructure whilst supporting social causes.

Safety

Afarak strives to achieve what we call “Zero Harm Policy” at all levels of our operations and provides its employees and contractors a safe and healthy work environment.

Afarak holds regular Board committees dedicated to health and safety with the aim of integrating the Group operations to address the social, environmental, health and safety position of all stakeholders. The programme focusing on pro-active safety and environmental measurements continued in 2021 aiming to achieve “Zero Harm”.

During 2021, the Group’s employees contributed approximately 1,444,455 working hours during which the company suffered 21 (30) accidents that caused loss of time. Lost Time Injury (LTI) is defined as any work-related injury or illness which prevents a person from doing any work the day after the accident.

We are proud that no fatalities happened on our sites.

Going forward, management remains focused on further improving the safety performance at Afarak through various initiatives and investments.

Health

In 2021, Afarak continued to take several safety measures to mitigate the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in order to protect people and minimise the effect on operations, while always keeping as top priority a safe and healthy working environment.

Thanks to these decisive and well-timed actions, very limited number of cases has been reported which did not materially impact the production.

In our factories we continuously assess, monitor and control the risks of our workers.

To help achieve this goal, we conduct routine health checks on all sites. These checks include drug and alcohol testing. We are also reviewing the role of organising shifts in the mines to minimise any fatigue-related injuries.

Afarak is and will remain committed to investing in the health of its workforce and local community.

Environment

We aim to demonstrate our environmental responsibility by minimising our environmental impact. Our environmental intervention rests on four main pillars.

Water management

We intend to minimise the waste our activity produces. Most of the waste our activity generates is tailings from mining. Tailings are usually a big concern for mining companies. However, through our beneficiation stages,

Afarak is able to recycle and yield more chrome content from mined goods, thus reducing the amount of tailings too. The culture to minimize and recycle tailings is a constant focus in our Group.

Land rehabilitation

We aim to manage our land responsibly throughout the lifecycle of our assets.

To this end, we are working on projects to rehabilitate mines we currently work in. We recognise that our activities impact the grounds on which we work. By reestablishing land, managing its biodiversity and considering the needs of locals, we can reduce the level of our environmental impact.

Air emissions

Our activity carries an influence on air quality and CO2 emissions. Our dependence on electricity is also a source for CO2 emissions, which we would like to decrease by shifting toward alternative sources of energy.

Communities & human rights

We bring economic benefits to the countries we work in by employing people, buying goods and services, paying taxes and royalties, and investing in infrastructure and healthcare. We are firm believers that through our operations we deliver socio-economic benefits to our host communities.

We are committed to building and maintaining constructive, long-lasting relationships with our stakeholders, including our host communities. Speaking openly and transparently with all our stakeholders is vital for our future and maintaining good relationships with the host community.

We uphold values of mutual respect, social cohesion and human rights within our staff, communities, and contractors.

Finally, we take pride in creating social value through:

Employment

By providing direct and indirect employment, we believe that we are making a tangible contribution to our host communities.

Community initiatives

We continue to support local communities with various assistance programs that are of a social and educational nature.

Procurement

In our procurement, we work closely with local enterprises to support the local economy.

Looking ahead

Afarak will remain committed to upholding and raising the value of sustainability in its operations. Health and safety remain a key priority for the Board and a review of safety policies & procedures is a constant focus. With the goal of improving safety at all plants. Environmental investments are important to Afarak and initiatives will continue throughout 2022 to further minimise the impact of our operations on nature. Also, community investments will be maintained.

THE FERROCHROME AND CHROME ORE MARKET

Afarak Group operates primarily in the chrome market.

Globally, most of the chrome ore is used in metallurgical applications. However, chrome ore is also used, though to a much lesser extent, in refractories, as foundry sands and as a chemical grade as shown below. Afarak produces ferrochrome which is the main type of chrome used in metallurgical applications, in turn mainly driven by the demand for stainless steel.

Therefore, chrome ore and ferrochrome are very much correlated to the developments of the stainless-steel industry.

2021 Market overview

The production of Low Carbon Ferrochrome in 2021 has been slightly higher than the one in 2020, about 4%, reaching a total output of approximately 780kt. The year 2021 has seen COVID-19 continue to challenge the economies jointly with factors like the increase of the raw materials, the energy, the setup of the export tax from China and the introduction of one from Russia as well which have also contributed to the overall increase of prices.

The stainless steel production during the first nine months of 2021 have increased of about 17% Y-o-Y with very sharp increases, between 16% and 25%, USA, Europe and Asia, totalling 42,980 tons.

Market sentiment for 2022

The price increase trend, triggered during 2021, will continue during 2022 mainly due to the geopolitical situation, logistical constrains, lack of raw materials and materials, energy and inflation factors.

One of the main factors driving the price and the availability of energy which can create huge increase in production costs on a worldwide basis.

Taking into consideration all these unstable variables we are of the believe that these factors might continue to sustain a sharp price volatility also during 2022.

The strong demand for Stainless Steel and, as a consequence for ferro-chrome, is expected to continue during 2022 but it will depend a lot on the impacts of the present geopolitical situation and other factors like the monetary policies and interests rates applied by the Central banks, a possible export tax on South African ore, Stainless steel industry consolidation, surging inflation, surge in energy prices are some of the main factors which will influence the prices and the availability of ferrochrome during 2022.

GROUP OPERATIONAL REVIEW

Operationally, 2021 presented higher sales and higher production for the Group which was mainly driven by the increase in demand.

Sales

The Group processing sales stood at 23,974 (2020: 34,256) tonnes. Sales of Speciality Alloys processed material increased by 37.9% due to higher demand. In the FerroAlloys segment, sale of processed material decreased significantly from a year earlier due to the demerge of Mogale business from Afarak Group.

Group mining

Group mining activity decreased by 44.3% to 102,970 (2020: 184,779) tonnes, when compared to a year earlier, with an increase in the Turkish mines which was offset by significantly lower mining activity in South African mines.

Annual mining levels in the Speciality Alloys segment increased by 4.5% to 76,591 (2020: 73,306) tonnes. In the FerroAlloys segment, the mines in South Africa recorded lower mining activity during 2021 of 76.3% to 26,379 (2020: 111,472) tonnes due to minimal mining activity at the South African mines.

Group processing

Group processing for 2021 decreased by 22.5% to 23,252 (2020: 29,997) tonnes.

During 2021, processing levels in the Speciality Alloys segment increased by 41.7% to 23,252 (2020: 16,409) tonnes. The contraction in Group processing was due to the demerge of Mogale business from Afarak Group.

Human resources

At the end of 2021, Afarak had 503 (621) employees. The average number of employees during the 2021 was 567 (747).

GROUP FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

2021 performance

Afarak started the year with difficult market conditions as market was still suffering from the negative effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. The development in market started turning around by the end of the second quarter which continued to end of year.

The Group Revenue for the year was EUR 80.3 (2020: 59.8) million. Revenues in the Speciality Alloys segment increased by 46.2% and in the FerroAlloys revenue decreased significantly, mainly due to lower availability of saleable material.

In the Speciality Alloys segment, the stronger market conditions supported revenue growth which increased by 46.2%, to EUR 77.8 (2020: 53.2) million. In the FerroAlloys segment, revenue continued to decrease in 2021 to EUR 1.8 (2020: 6.1) million, when compared to prior year, mainly due to lower availability of saleable material.

Operationally minimal production was carried out in South African mines during 2021, while the Speciality Alloys business registered an increase of 4.5% of mining activity and 41.7% increase in production of processed material when compared to prior year.

The increased selling prices and the lower unabsorbed costs as a result of higher production during 2021 led to an increase in EBITDA for the year to EUR 6.8 (2020: -4.1) million despite higher raw material cost and higher cost of production. This was attributable to the positive performance of the Speciality Alloys segment as EBITDA improved significantly t EYR 9.2 (2020: 0.3) million, while the FerroAlloys segment EBITDA for the full year stood at EUR -0.9 (2020: -1.3) million. The full year EBITDA from unallocated items was EUR -2.3 (2020: -3.1) million.

Profitability was positively affected by a reversal gain on previously recognised impairment loss on Ilitha's mining assets, amounting to EUR 2.9 (2020: 0.0) million. Financial income and expenditure during the year were EUR -3.9 (2020: -4.3) million.

EUR million	H1 2021	H2 2021	FY 2021	FY 2020
Revenue	37.3	42.9	80.3	59.8
EBITDA	-0.9	6.8	5.9	-4.1
EBIT	0.9	5.9	6.8	-28.2
Profit from continuing operations	-.09	1.5	0.6	-27.6
Profit from discontinued operations	0.0	8.4	8.4	6.1
Profit for the period	-0.9	9.9	9.0	-21.6
EBITDA margin	-2.4%	15.9%	7.4%	-6.8%
EBIT margin	2.4%	13.8%	8.5%	-47.1%

Balance Sheet, Cash Flow and Financing

The Group's total assets on 31 December 2021 stood at EUR 146.3 (2020: 142.6) (30 June 2021: 155.7) million and net assets totalled EUR 43.4 (2020: 29.8) (30 June 2021: 31.2) million. During the second half, the translation differences on conversion of foreign denominated subsidiaries was adjusted by EUR 2.2 million. The Group's cash and cash equivalents, as at 31 December 2021, totalled EUR 6.3 (2020: 1.1) million (30 June 2021: 2.9). Operating cash flow in the second half was positive, standing at EUR 13.1 (2020: -2.2) million.

The equity ratio stood at 29.7% (2020: 25.3%) (30 June 2021: 20.0%). Afarak's gearing at the end of the year decreased to 74.2% (2020: 121.0%) (30 June 2021: 161.3%), due to lower interest-bearing debt of EUR 38.5 (2020: 49.3) (30 June 2021: 53.2) million.

Investments, Acquisitions and Divestments

Capital expenditure for the full year of 2021 totalled EUR 0.9 (2020: 1.1) million. Capital Expenditure was mainly incurred to sustain Group operations.

During the first half of 2021, Afarak acquired a further 20% of the shares in Chromex Mining Company (Pty) Ltd, in exchange for total consideration of 7,088,608 shares in Afarak Group Plc. Afarak now holds 94% interest in the company.

During May 2021, the Group concluded the sale of its Ilitha’s plant, assets and mining right. On the Group’s income statement an adjustment was made to the impairment recognised in 2020 and a reversal gain was recognised on the value of these assets. The assets related to Ilitha have been presented on the Group’s statement of financial position as other receivables.

SEGMENTS REVIEW

SPECIALITY ALLOYS SEGMENT

2021 in Review

The Speciality Alloys Segment registered a very strong performance in 2021 compared to 2020, primarily reflecting to strong market conditions. The increase in Low Carbon ferrochrome prices and sales volumes resulted in higher revenue and higher Ferrochrome production to address higher demand.

| Revenue
€77.8mln
(2020: €53.2mln) | EBITDA
€9.2mln
(2020: €0.3mln) | EBIT
€7.8mln
(2020: €-1.3mln) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mining production
76,592mt
(2020: 73,306mt) | Processing production
23,252mt
(2020: 16,409mt) | Sales of processed material
23,443mt
(2020: 16,999mt) |
| Personnel
471
(2020: 516) | | |

Production

Total production levels during 2021 increased by 11.2% to 99,844 (2020: 89,715) tonnes.

The mining activity at both Turkish mines for the full year of 2021 increased by 4.5% during the year when compared to prior year.

The production of processed material increased by 41.7% following various to keep up with the increase in demand for Low Carbon FerroChrome.

Sales

Sales volumes during 2021 were 37.9% higher than prior year. This was driven by the improved market conditions.

Financial performance

The Speciality Alloys segment registered a very strong performance during the year. Revenue for the full year increased by 46.2% to EUR 77.8 (2020: 53.2) million. The increase in revenue was due to higher sales prices and trading volumes of speciality material when compared to 2020. Production was higher than prior year, resulting in lower unabsorbed fixed overheads. Profit margins continued to improve despite higher cost of production with higher energy and raw material prices. EBITDA increased significantly to EUR 9.2 (2020: 0.3) million.

EUR million	H1/21	H2/21	FY21	FY20
Revenue	35.7	42.2	77.8	53.2
EBITDA	1.1	8.1	9.2	0.3
EBIT	0.4	7.4	7.8	-1.3
EBITDA margin	3.0%	19.2%	11.8%	0.6%
EBIT margin	1.2%	17.6%	10.1%	-2.5%

Looking ahead

The price increase trend, triggered during 2021, will continue during 2022. A sharp rise already happened mainly due to the war in Ukraine and the related scarcity of raw materials and consumables, as well as the rise in energy cost.

Other factors, like logistical constrains due to Covid shut-downs in China and increase the pressure on prices. It must however be clear to everyone that it is impossible to predict for how long this trend will continue.

All these factors are also leading to a huge increase in our production cost. Availability and cost of raw material may create issues on a longer term basis.

Taking into consideration all these unstable variables we believe that these factors might continue to sustain a sharp price volatility throughout 2022.

FERROALLOYS SEGMENT

2021 in Review

Revenue decreased significantly in 2021 when compared to prior year, mainly due to lower availability of saleable material.

| Revenue
€1.8mln
(2020: €6.1mln) | EBITDA
€-0.9mln
(2020: €-1.3mln) | EBIT
€1.6mln
(2020: €-23.8mln) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Mining production
26,379mt
(2020: 111,472mt) | Processing production
0mt
(2020: 13,588mt) | Sales of processed material
531mt
(2020: 17,257mt) |
| Personnel
14
(2020: 307) | | |

Production

Operationally, the segment registered a decrease in total production by 78.9% to 26,379 (2020: 125,060) tonnes.

Production within the FerroAlloys segment decreased significantly due to minimal mining activity at the South African mines.

Sales

The sales of processed material from the FerroAlloys segment declined significantly during the year when compared to prior year. This was mainly due to lower availability of saleable material and the discontinued operation of processed material during 2020.

Financial performance

EUR million	H1/21	H2/21	FY21	FY20
Revenue	1.4	0.4	1.8	6.1

EBITDA	-1.0	0.0	-0.9	-1.3
EBIT	1.6	0.0	1.6	-23.8
EBITDA margin	-72.3%	9.5%	-53.4%	-20.5%
EBIT margin	114.5%	0.2%	88.2%	-388.1%

Revenue decreased significantly in 2021 when compared to prior year, mainly due to lower availability of saleable material, lower sales prices and minimal activity in the South African mines. EBITDA for the full year stood at EUR -0.9 (2020: -1.3) million. Profitability was positively affected by a reversal gain on previously recognised impairment loss on Ilitha’s mining assets, amounting to EUR 2.9 (2020: -21.5) million.

Looking ahead

Afarak is planning on resuming some mining activities in South Africa shortly.

RISK MANAGEMENT

Afarak’s prudent approach to risk management is a crucial component of our continued success and is present in managing all aspects of our performance.

By understanding and managing risk, we provide greater certainty and confidence for our shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers and host communities. In fact, we believe that successful risk management can be a source of competitive advantage.

Our risks are viewed and managed on a Group-wide basis. As a truly global operation, managing diversity in our operations, portfolio of products, geographies, economies and currencies is a key characteristic of our risk management approach.

Risk management is one of the key responsibilities of the Board and its Audit and Health & Safety Committees.

2021 Developments

The Group restructured a short-term commercial debt into a longer-term arrangement and is also actively pursuing new funding opportunities via some divesting.

Afarak’s processing operations in Germany and South African mines are intensive users of energy, primarily electricity. Fuel and energy prices globally have been characterised by volatility and cost inflation. In South Africa the majority of the electricity supply, price and availability are controlled by one entity, Eskom. Increased electricity prices and/or reduced, or uncertain electricity supply, or allocation may negatively impact Afarak’s current operations, which could have an impact on the Group’s financial performance.

It is still unknown whether the COVID-19 epidemic would create any further damage that cannot be forecasted at this moment. Also recent geopolitical developments may impact the continuity of economic activities, on a global level.

Management continued to work closely with the Units to provide continuous monitoring and oversight in accordance with the Group’s risk management policy. Health & safety and the stated aim of ‘Zero-Harm’ will continue to be a central pillar of the Company’s risk management strategy.

Principal risks

While a number of different risks may have an effect on the results and operations to various degrees, the following describes the key types of risks faced by Afarak in the normal course of business.

SHARE INFORMATION

Afarak Group Plc's shares are listed on NASDAQ Helsinki (AFAGR) and on the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange (AFRK).

On 31 December 2021, the registered number of Afarak Group Plc shares was 252,041,814 (252,041,814) and the share capital was EUR 23,642,049.60 (23,642,049.60).

On 31 December 2021, the Company had 5,673,991 (13,162,599) own shares in treasury, which was equivalent to 2.25% (5.22%) of the issued shares. The total number of shares outstanding, excluding the treasury shares held by the Company on 31 December 2021, was 246,367,823 (238,879,215).

At the beginning of the period under review as at December 2020, the Company's share price was EUR 0.23 on NASDAQ Helsinki and GBP 0.20 on the London Stock Exchange. At the end of the review period as at December 2021, the share price was EUR 0.14 and GBP 0.20 respectively. During 2021, the Company's share price on NASDAQ Helsinki ranged from EUR 0.13 to 0.32 per share and the market capitalisation, as at 31 December 2020, was EUR 34.28 (1 January 2021: 56.96) million. For the same period on the London Stock Exchange, the share ranged from GBP 0.05 to 0.25 per share and the market capitalisation was GBP 50.41 (1 January 2021: 50.41) million, as at 31 December 2021.

On 23 March 2021, the company announced changes regarding Afarak Group Plc's treasury shares, where a total of 7,088,608 treasury shares has been transferred to subscribers. On 12 October 2021, the company announced changes regarding Afarak Group Plc's treasury shares, where a total of 400,000 shares were transferred to the CEO Guy Konsbruck, which form part of the remuneration package under the CEO agreement.

Flagging notifications

There were no flagging notifications during the year.

Trading information

Afarak Group Plc's shares are listed on the main market of the London Stock Exchange and on NASDAQ Helsinki. Afarak shares are traded on the London Stock Exchange under the trading code AFRK and on the NASDAQ Helsinki under code AFAGR. The ISIN code is FI0009800098 and the trading takes place in Pound Sterling (GBP) and in Euros (EUR).

Share performance and Trading

During the financial year 2021, the price of Afarak Group's share in London Stock Exchange varied between GBP 0.05 (2020: 0.05) and GBP 0.25 (2020: 0.75) and in NASDAQ Helsinki between EUR 0.13 (2020: 0.14) and EUR 0.32 (2020: 0.98). Afarak's share closed in London at the end of the financial year at GBP 0.20 (2020: 0.20) and Helsinki at EUR 0.14 (2020: 0.23). The closing price on 31 December gives the Company a market capitalisation of the entire capital stock 252,041,814 (2020: 252,041,814) shares of GBP 50.41 (2020: 50.41) million and EUR 34.28 (2020: 56.96) million.

A total of 2,198,719 (2020: 335,874) Afarak shares were traded in London and 34,249,103 (2020: 47,131,285) shares in Helsinki during the financial year, representing 0.9% (2020: 0.1%) of stock in London and 13.6% (2020: 18.7%) in Helsinki.

Shareholders

On 31 December 2021, the Company had a total of 6,556 shareholders (6,238 shareholders on 31 December 2020), of which seven were nominee-registered. The registered number of shares on 31 December 2021 was 252,041,814 (2020: 252,041,814).

LARGEST SHAREHOLDERS ON 31 DECEMBER 2021

	Shareholder	Shares	%
1	Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB	145,450,873	57.71 %
2	Hino Resources Co. Ltd	36,991,903	14.68 %
3	Hanwa Company Limited	9,000,000	3.57 %
4	Joensuun Kauppa ja Kone Oy	5,776,777	2.29 %
5	Afarak Group Plc	5,673,991	2.25 %
6	Euroclear Bank Sa/Nv	3,846,545	1.53 %
7	Osuusasunnot Oy	2,700,000	1.07 %
8	Kankaala Markku Olavi	2,149,934	0.85 %

9 Hukkanen Esa Veikko 1,874,374 0.74%
10 Taloustieto Incrementum Ky 1,657,020 0.66%
Total 215,121,417 85.35%
Other Shareholders 36,920,397 14.65%
Total shares registered 252,041,814 100.00%

Afarak Group Plc’s Board members and Chief Executive Officer owned in total 1,950,000 (2020: 1,550,000) Afarak Group Plc shares on 31 December 2021, including shares owned either directly, through persons closely associated with them or through controlled companies. This corresponds to 0.8% (2020: 0.6%) of the total number of registered shares on 31 December 2021.

SHAREHOLDERS BY CATEGORY 31 DECEMBER 2021

Number of shares	Number of shareholders	% share of shareholder	Number of shares held	% of shares held
1 - 100	1,265	19.3%	62,858	0.0%
101 - 1000	2,661	40.6%	1,261,817	0.5%
1001 - 10000	1,994	30.4%	7,200,771	2.9%
10001 - 100000	569	8.7%	16,100,434	6.4%
100001 - 1000000	57	0.9%	12,294,517	4.9%
1000001 - 1000000	8	0.1%	32,678,641	13.0%
10000001 -	2	0.0%	182,442,776	72.4%
Total	6,556	100%	252,041,814	100%
of which nominee-registered	7	0.11%	150,908,241	59.87%
Total outstanding			252,041,814	100%

SHAREHOLDERS BY SHAREHOLDER TYPE ON 31 DECEMBER 2021

	% of share
Finnish shareholders of which:	21.60%
Companies and business enterprises	8.06%
Banking and insurance companies	0.49%
Non-profit organisations	0.00%
Households	13.05%
Foreign shareholders	78.40%
Total of which nominee-registered	100.00%
	59.87%

RESOLUTIONS OF THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING

The Company’s Annual General Meeting (“AGM”) was held on 29 Jun 2021. The AGM adopted the financial statements and the consolidated financial statements and discharged the members of the Board of Directors and the CEO from liability for the financial period 2020.

The AGM resolved that no dividend would be paid for 2020.

The AGM resolved that the Non-executive Board Members shall be paid EUR 3,000 per month and the Chairman of the board shall be paid an additional EUR 1,500 per month. Non-Executive Board Members who serve on the Board's Committees shall be paid additional EUR 1,500 per month for committee work. Those members of the Board of Directors that are executives of the Company are not entitled to receive any remuneration for Board membership. Board Members shall be compensated for travel and accommodation expenses as well as other costs directly related to Board and Committee work in accordance with the company's travel rules.

The AGM resolved that the Board of Directors would comprise of three (3) members: Dr Jelena Manojlovic (UK citizen), Mr Thorstein Abrahamsen (Norwegian citizen) and Mr Guy Konsbruck (Luxembourg citizen) were re-elected as Board members.

The AGM resolved that the Company will pay the fee to the auditor against an invoice that is inspected by the Company and that election of the Auditor shall be decided on separate Extraordinal General Meeting held during 2021.

The AGM resolved to authorize the Board of Directors to issue shares and stock options and other special rights that entitle to shares in one or more tranches up to a maximum of 50,000,000 new shares or shares owned by the Company. This equates to approximately 19.8% of the Company's currently registered shares.

The authorization may be used among other things to raise additional finance and enabling corporate and business acquisitions or other arrangements and investments of business activity or for employee incentive and commitment schemes. By virtue of the authorization, the Board of Directors can decide both on share issues against payment and on share issues without payment. The payment of the subscription price can also be made with consideration other than money. The authorization contains the right to decide on derogating from shareholders' pre-emptive right to share subscriptions provided that the conditions set in the Finnish Companies' Act are fulfilled. The authorization replaces all previous authorizations and is valid two (2) years from the decision of the Annual General Meeting.

RESOLUTIONS OF THE EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING

Afarak Group Plc’s Extraordinary General Meeting was held at the Company’s headquarters in Helsinki on August 30, 2021 under special arrangements due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The General Meeting elected, as per the proposal of the Board of Directors, Authorised Public Accountant Firm Tietotili Audit Oy as the Auditor of the Company. Tietotili Audit Oy has informed that the auditor with the main responsibility will be Authorised Public Accountant Urpo Salo.

2021 Annual General Meeting

Afarak’s 2021 Annual General Meeting will be held within the time stipulated in the Finnish Companies Act.

Distribution proposal

The Board of Directors will propose to the Annual General Meeting that based on the results of 2021 no distribution would be paid in 2022.

Information presented by reference

The Group’s key financial figures, related party disclosures, information on share capital and option rights are presented in the notes to the consolidated financial statements. The share ownership of the parent company’s Board members and Chief Executive Officer is presented in the notes to the parent company’s financial statements.

The Corporate Governance Statement and the Remuneration Report are presented as separate reports in this Annual Report.

For the purposes of United Kingdom Listing Authority listing rules (“LR”) 9.8.4C R, the information required to be disclosed by LR 9.8.4 R can be found in the following locations:

Sector	Topic	Location
1	Interest capitalised	1.8. Notes to the statement of financial position, 10. Property, plant and equipment.
2	Publication of unaudited financial information	Not applicable
4	Details of long-term incentive schemes	1.8. Notes to the statement of financial position, 18. Share-based payments
5	Waiver of emoluments by a director	Not applicable

6	Waiver of future emoluments by a director	Not applicable
7	Non pre-emptive issues of equity for cash	Not applicable
8	Item (7) in relation to major subsidiary undertakings	Not applicable
9	Parent participation in a placing by a listed subsidiary	Not applicable
10	Contracts of significance	1.8. Notes to the statement of financial position, 1.9.2 Related party transactions
11	Provision of services by a controlling shareholder	Not applicable
12	Shareholder waivers of dividends	Not applicable
13	Shareholder waivers of future dividends	Not applicable
14	Agreements with controlling shareholders	Not applicable

All the information cross-referenced above is hereby incorporated by reference into this Board of Directors report.

KEY FIGURES

FINANCIAL INDICATORS

Continuing operations

		2021	2020	2019
				Restated
Revenue	EUR '000	80,256	59,805	97,894
EBITDA	EUR '000	5,940	-4,050	-5,432
% of revenue		7.4 %	-6.8 %	-5.5 %
Operating profit / (loss) (EBIT)	EUR '000	6,822	-28,192	-9,050
% of revenue		8.5 %	-47.1 %	-9.2 %
Profit / (loss) before taxes	EUR '000	2,878	-32,447	-5,756
% of revenue		3.6 %	-54.3 %	-5.9 %
Return on equity	%	1.7%	-53.0 %	-5.4 %
Return on capital employed	%	16.8%	-18.3 %	0.9 %
Equity ratio	%	29.7%	20.9 %	33.3 %
Gearing	%	74.2%	161.8 %	74.0 %
Personnel at the end of the accounting period		503	621	905

SHARE-RELATED KEY INDICATORS

	2021		2020		2019 Restated
		Group	Continuing operations	Group	Continuing operations	Group	Continuing operations
Earnings per share, basic	EUR	0.04	0.00	-0.07	-0.10	-0.23	-0.02
Earnings per share, diluted	EUR	0.04	0.00	-0.07	-0.10	-0.23	-0.02
Equity per share	EUR	0.18	0.18	0.12	0.12	0.28	0.28
Price to earnings	EUR	3.74		neg.		neg.
Average number of shares	1,000	244,484		238,488		251,785
Average number of shares, diluted	1,000	245,747		241,403		254,374
Number of shares at the end of the period	1,000	252,042		252,042		252,042
Share price information (NASDAQ Helsinki)
Average share price	EUR	0.19		0.33		0.90
Lowest share price	EUR	0.13		0.15		0.40
Highest share price	EUR	0.32		0.98		0.97
Market capitalisation	EUR '000	34,278		56,961		133,834
Share turnover	EUR '000	6,582		15,687		37,961
Share turnover	%	13.6%		18.7%		16.8%
Share price information (London Stock Exchange)
Average share price	EUR	0.23		0.32		0.72
	GBP	0.20		0.28		0.63
Lowest share price	EUR	0.06		0.06		0.43
	GBP	0.05		0.05		0.38
Highest share price	EUR	0.29		0.84		0.88
	GBP	0.25		0.75		0.78
Market capitalisation	EUR '000	59,990		56,070		111,090
	GBP '000	50,408		50,408		94,516
Share turnover	EUR '000	368		96		167
Share turnover	GBP '000	317		85		146
Share turnover	%	0.9%		0.1%		0.1%

From the financial year 2020 and 2021 the company did not distribute capital redemption. In 2021 the Board of Directors proposes to the Annual General Meeting that no distribution would be paid from the financial year 2021.

FORMULAS FOR CALCULATION OF INDICATORS

Financial indicators

Return on equity
(Loss) / profit for the period / Total equity (average for the period) * 100

Return on capital employed
((Loss) / profit before taxes + financing expenses) / (Total assets – Interest-free liabilities) average * 100

Equity ratio
Total equity / (Total assets - prepayments received) * 100

Gearing
(Interest-bearing debt - liquid funds) / Total equity * 100

EBITDA
Operating (loss) / profit + depreciation + amortisation + impairment losses

Operating (loss) / profit
Operating (loss) / profit is the net of revenue plus other operating income, plus gain/loss on finished goods inventory change, minus employee benefits expense, minus depreciation, amortisation and impairment and minus other operating expense. Foreign exchange gains or losses are included in operating profit when generated from ordinary activities. Exchange gains or losses related to financing activities are recognised as financial income or expense.

Share-related key indicators

Earnings per share, basic
(Loss) / profit attributable to owners of the parent company / Average number of shares during the period.

Earnings per share, diluted
(Loss) / profit attributable to owners of the parent company / Average number of shares during the period, diluted.

Equity per share
Equity attributable to owners of the parent / Average number of shares during the period.

Distribution per share
Distribution / Number of shares at the end of the period. In the attached table of share related key indicators, the dividend and capital redemptions are presented in that year's column on which results the pay-out are based; hence the actual payment takes place during next year.

Price to earnings
Share price at the end of the period / Earnings per share

Average share price
Total value of shares traded in currency / Number of shares traded during the period.

Market capitalisation
Number of shares * Share price at the end of the period.

EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD

On 04 January 2022, the Company published the financial calendar for 2022

On 10 February 2022, the Company published information in relation to Afarak’s website being down.

On 10 February 2022, the company announced changes regarding Afarak Group Plc’s treasury shares, where a total of 500,000 shares were transferred to the CEO Guy Konsbruck, which form part of the remuneration package under the CEO agreement.

On 30 March 2022, Afarak announced that on this day, the Supreme Administrative Court has rejected Afarak's application for permission to appeal. The Supreme Administrative Court therefore does not rule on the Afarak’s appeal. Therefore, the penalty payment of EUR 1,450,000 imposed by FIN-FSA on 23 September 2019 to Afarak for failures relating to disclosure of inside information and maintenance of insider lists is lawful.

The company is very disappointed about this decision, as a few minor and technical dysfunctions were identified and fixed, before the first decision by FIN-FSA was issued. Also the amount of the fine is completely disproportionate and arbitrary compared to the actual infringement. Such a high fine for such a minor fact has never been issued, neither in Finland, nor abroad, and is actually destroying shareholder value. FIN-FSA never explained why they believe such an amount was appropriate.

Flagging notification after the reporting period

There were no flagging notifications after the reporting period.

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1 January-31 December 2021

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, IFRS

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT

EUR '000	Note	1.1.-31.12.2021	1.1.-31.12.2020
Revenue	1	80,256	59,805
Other operating income	2	3,633	1,333
Materials and supplies		-55,260	-43,514
Employee benefits expense	3	-16,139	-15,432
Depreciation and amortisation	4	-2,086	-2,626
Impairment	4	2,968	-21,515
Other operating expenses	5	-6,550	-6,243
Operating (loss)/profit		6,822	-28,192
Finance income	6	6,725	8,548
Finance expense	6	-10,669	-12,804
(Loss)/profit before taxes		2,878	-32,448
Income taxes	7	-2,268	4,804
(Loss)/profit from continuing operations		610	-27,644
(Loss)/profit on discontinued operations	8	8,396	6,073
(Loss)/profit for the year		9,006	-21,571
(Loss)/profit attributable to:
Owners of the parent		9,161	-17,672
Non-controlling interests		-155	-3,899
		9,006	-21,571
Earnings per share (counted from profit / (loss) attributable to owners of the parent):	9
basic (EUR), Group total		0.04	-0.07
diluted (EUR), Group total		0.04	-0.07
basic (EUR), continuing operations		0.00	-0.10
diluted (EUR), continuing operations		0.00	-0.10

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

EUR '000	Note	1.1.-31.12.2021	1.1.-31.12.2020
(Loss)/profit for the year from continuing operations		610	-27,644
Other comprehensive (loss)/income
Items that will not be reclassified to profit and loss
Remeasurements of defined benefit pension plans		2,289	-1,308
Items that may be reclassified to profit and loss
Exchange differences on translation of foreign operations - Group		2,244	-8,264
Other comprehensive (loss)/income, net of tax		4,533	-9,572
Total comprehensive (loss)/income from continuing operations		5,143	-37,216
Total comprehensive (loss)/income from continuing operations attributable to:
Owners of the parent		5,303	-32,256
Non-controlling interests		-160	-4,960
		5,143	-37,216
(Loss)/profit for the year from discontinuing operations		8,396	6,073
Other comprehensive (loss)/income
Items that may be reclassified to profit and loss
Loss of control of subsidiary (Circulation of translation difference)	8	0	-13,719
Other comprehensive (loss) / income, net of tax		0	-13,719
Total comprehensive (loss)/income from discontinued operations		8,396	-7,646
Total comprehensive (loss)/income from discontinued operations attributable to:
Owners of the parent		8,396	-7,646
Non-controlling interests		0	0
		8,396	-7,646
Total comprehensive (loss)/income for the year		13,539	-44,863
Total comprehensive (loss)/income attributable to:
Owners of the parent		13,699	-39,903
Non-controlling interests		-160	-4,960
		13,539	-44,863

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

EUR '000	Note	31.12.2021	31.12.2020
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment	10	38,471	61,617
Goodwill	11	46,029	42,105
Other intangible assets	11	5,548	6,232
Other financial assets	13	132	260
Deferred tax assets	19	1,766	2,916
		91,946	113,130
Current assets
Inventories	14	13,292	13,464
Trade and other receivables	15	34,825	14,901
Cash and cash equivalents	16	6,287	1,098
		54,404	29,463
Total assets		146,350	142,593

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (CONT.)

EUR '000	Note	31.12.2021	31.12.2020
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Equity attributable to owners of the parent
Share capital	17	23,642	23,642
Share premium reserve		25,223	25,223
Legal Reserve		39	65
Paid-up unrestricted equity fund		209,798	208,005
Translation reserve		-38,292	-40,540
Retained Earnings		-176,170	-188,860
		44,240	27,536
Non-controlling interests		-801	2,269
Total equity		43,439	29,806
Non-current liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities	19	9,182	11,437
Interest-bearing debt	13	17,749	34,589
Pension liabilities	21	20,619	23,359
Other non-current debt	22	28	33
Provisions	20	11,671	11,390
		59,249	80,808
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables	22	18,890	14,529
Provisions	20	266	179
Tax liabilities	22	3,744	2,545
Interest-bearing debt	13	20,762	14,725
		43,662	31,978
Total liabilities		102,911	112,786
Total equity and liabilities		146,350	142,593

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

EUR '000	Notes	1.1.-31.12.2021	1.1.-31.12.2020
Operating activities
(Loss) / profit from continuing operation		610	-27,644
Adjustments to net profit:
Non-cash items
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment	4	-882	23,773
Finance income and cost	6	3,944	4,047
Income taxes	7	2,268	-4,803
Share-based payments	18	-112	60
Proceeds from non-current assets		3,275	6,244
Working capital changes:
Change in trade receivables and other receivables		-984	2,134
Change in inventories		564	7,191
Change in trade payables and other debt		5,569	1,616
Change in provisions		416	585
Interests paid		-2,703	-2,939
Interests received		450	-85
Other financing items		-939	-1,702
Income taxes paid		-2,584	-1,703
Discontinued operations	8	4,234	-11,189
Net cash from operating activities		13,125	-4,415
Investing activities
Capital expenditure on non-current assets, net		-836	-958
Other investments, net		17	47
Repayments of loan receivables and loans given, net		0	48
Net cash used in investing activities		-819	-863
Financing activities
Proceeds from borrowings		7,905	3,215
Repayments of borrowings		-11,525	-3,749
Payment of principal portion of lease liabilities		-49	-193
Movement in short term financing activities		-3,207	2,002
Net cash used in financing activities		-6,876	1,275
Change in cash and cash equivalents		5,430	-4,002
Cash at beginning of period		1,098	5,389
Exchange rate differences		-241	-289
Cash at end of period		6,287	1,098
Change in the statement of financial position	16	5,430	-4,002

Discontinued operations' cash flows are described in more detail in the Note 8.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

EUR '000
A = Share capital
B = Share premium reserve
C = Paid-up unrestricted equity reserve
D = Translation reserve
E = Retained earnings
F = Legal reserve
G = Equity attributable to owners of the parent, total
H = Non-controlling interests
I = Total equity

EUR '000	Note	Attributable to owners of the parent
		A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I
Equity at 31.12.2019		23,642	25,223	207,850	-19,618	-169,880	89	67,306	7,230	74,536
(Loss) / profit for the period 1-12/2020						-17,672		-17,672	-3,899	-21,571
Other Comprehensive income					-7,203	-1,308		-8,511	-1,061	-9,572
Loss of control of subsidiary (Circulation of translation difference)	8				-13,719			-13,719		-13,719
Total comprehensive income					-20,922	-18,980		-39,902	-4,961	-44,863
Share-based payments	19			60				60		60
Acquisition of non-controlling interest	18			95				95		95
Other changes in equity							-24	-24		-24
Equity at 31.12.2020		23,642	25,223	208,005	-40,540	-188,860	65	27,536	2,269	29,806
Profit for the period 1-12/2021 + comprehensive income						9,162		9,162	-155	9,006
Other Comprehensive Income					2,247	2,289		4,537	-5	4,532
Total comprehensive income					2,247	11,451		13,699	-160	13,539
Share-based payments				112				112		112
Acquisition of non-controlling interest				1,680		1,235		2,915	-2,915	0
Other changes in equity						5	-26	-26	4	-17
Equity at 31.12.2021		23,642	25,223	209,798	-38,292	-176,170	39	44,240	-801	43,439

1. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.1 COMPANY INFORMATION

Afarak Group is a public limited company in Finland. Afarak Group is a chrome mining and minerals producer focused on delivering sustainable growth with a speciality alloys business in southern Europe and a ferro alloys business in southern Africa. The Group's parent company is Afarak Group Plc (business ID: 0618181-8). The parent company is domiciled in Helsinki, Finland, and its registered address is Kaisaniemenkatu 4, 00100 Helsinki, Finland. Copies of the consolidated financial statements are available at Afarak Group Plc's head office or at the Company's website: www.afarak.com.

Afarak Group Plc is quoted on the NASDAQ Helsinki Oy (trading code: AFAGR) in the industrials group, in the small-cap category, and on the main market of the London Stock Exchange (AFRK).

For the purpose of reporting according to ESEF regulations: Afarak Group Oyj operated with same name in previous year. Afarak Group plc is the ultimate parent of the Group and its principal place of business is Helsinki, Finland.

1.2 ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES

Basis of preparation

These consolidated financial statements of Afarak Group have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and in conformity with the IAS and IFRS standards as well as the SIC and IFRIC interpretations in force on 31 December 2021. In the Finnish Accounting Act and the regulations issued on the basis thereof, International Financial Reporting Standards refer to the standards and their interpretations that have been approved for application within the EU in accordance with the procedure prescribed in the EU regulation (EC) 1606/2002. Notes to the consolidated financial statements also meet the requirements set forth in the Finnish accounting and company legislation.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis, unless otherwise explicitly stated. All values are rounded to the nearest thousand (€ 000), unless otherwise explicitly stated.

Afarak Group Plc's Board of Directors resolved on 31 March 2022 that these financial statements are to be published. According to the Finnish Companies Act, shareholders shall endorse the financial statements in the Annual General Meeting convening after the financial statements have been published.

Presentation of financial statements

The consolidated financial statements provide comparative information in respect of the previous period. In addition, the Group presents an additional statement of financial position at the beginning of the earliest period presented when there is: a retrospective application of an accounting policy; a retrospective restatement; or a reclassification of items in financial statements that has a material impact on the Group.

Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the parent company Afarak Group Plc, its subsidiaries, joint ventures and associated companies. Subsidiaries refer to companies controlled by the Group. The Group gains control of a company when it holds more than half of the voting rights or otherwise exercises control. The existence of potential voting rights has been taken into account in assessing the requirements for control in cases where the instruments entitling their holder to potential voting rights can be exercised at the time of assessment. Control refers to the right to govern the financial and operating policies of an enterprise so as to obtain benefits from its activities.

Acquired subsidiaries are consolidated from the time when the Group gained control, and divested subsidiaries until the time when control ceased. All intra-group transactions, receivables, debts, and unrealised profits, as well as internal distribution of profits, are eliminated when the consolidated financial statements are prepared. The distribution of profits between parent company owners and non-controlling owners is shown in the statement of

comprehensive income, and the non-controlling interest of equity is shown as a separate item in the statement of financial position under shareholders' equity.

Joint ventures are entities in which each venturer has an interest and there is a contractual arrangement establishing joint control over the economic activity of the entity.

Associates are companies in which Afarak Group exercises significant influence. The Group exercises significant influence if it holds more than 20% of the target company's voting rights, or if the Group in other ways exercises significant influence but not control. Associates have been consolidated in the Group's financial statements using the equity method. If the Group's share of the associate's losses exceeds the carrying amount of the investment, the investment is recognised at zero value on the statement of financial position, and losses exceeding the carrying amount are not consolidated unless the Group has made a commitment to fulfil the associates' obligations. Investment in an associate includes the goodwill arising from its acquisition.

Translation of foreign currency items

Amounts indicating the profit or loss and financial position of Group entities are measured in the currency of each entity's main operating environment ('functional currency'). Figures in the consolidated financial statements are presented in euro, the functional and presentation currency of the Group's parent company, Afarak Group Plc.

Transactions in foreign currencies have been recorded at the functional currency using the exchange rate on the date of the transaction or mid reference rates of central banks. Monetary items denominated in foreign currencies have been translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the end of each reporting period. Exchange rate gains and losses are included in the revenue, operational costs or financial items, corresponding to their respective origin. Hedge accounting has not been applied.

In the Group accounts, foreign subsidiaries' income statements and statements of cash flows are converted into euro by using average exchange rates for the period, and the statement of financial position is converted by using the period-end exchange rate. The translation differences arising from this are recognised in other comprehensive income. Translation differences arising from the elimination of the acquisition cost and post-acquisition equity changes are also recognised in other comprehensive income. If and when the foreign subsidiary is partially or fully divested, these accrued translation differences will be taken into account in adjusting the sales gain or sales loss.

Goodwill, other assets and liabilities arising from acquisitions of subsidiaries are recognised in the Group accounts using the functional currency of each acquired subsidiary. The balances in that functional currency have then been translated into euro using the exchange rates prevailing at the end of the reporting period.

In accordance with IAS 21, any foreign exchange difference arising from Intra-group loans for which settlement is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future is, in substance, a part of the entity's net investment in that foreign operation. This is recognised in the group's other comprehensive income and reclassified from equity to profit or loss on disposal of the net investment.

Operating profit

IAS 1 Presentation of financial statements does not define the concept of operating profit. Afarak Group has defined it as follows: Operating profit is the net amount derived by adding to revenue other operating income, less materials and supplies, and expenses from work performed by the enterprise and capitalised, less costs from employee benefits, depreciation and impairment losses, and other expenses. Shares of associated companies' and joint venture companies' profit or loss are included in the operating profit to the extent to which they relate to the Group's core businesses. Exchange differences arising from operational transactions with third parties are included in operating profit; otherwise they are recorded under financial items.

All other items of the income statement are excluded from operating profit.

IAS 1 amendment introduced the requirement for grouping of items presented in Other Comprehensive Income. Items that are reclassified (or 'recycled') to profit or loss at a future point in time will be presented separately from items which will never be reclassified. The amendment affected the presentation of Other Comprehensive Income.

Revenue recognition

The Group applies IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with customers standard. Income from the sale of goods is recognised once the control of goods have been transferred to the buyer. Control is transferred either over time or at a point in time. The transfer of control depends on, terms of delivery (Incoterms) and some of which have transfer of risk to the customer before material is delivered to the final customer. The freight in conjunction with these delivery terms may be regarded as a separate performance obligation, however as they are limited in number, the Group does not consider the freight as being separate from the sale.

The most often used terms are FCA, CIF or FOB, under which the revenue is recognised when the goods are assigned to the buyer's carrier or loaded on board the vessel nominated by the buyer.

Generally, the Group receives short-term advances or cash against documents (CAD) from its customers. The payment terms are usually up to 60 days from end of month or after consignment report for customers with consignment agreement. The transaction price is based on official publications with premiums or discounts, while spot business is done based on negotiations. Performance obligations are satisfied at delivery of the goods and revenue is recognised based on the incoterms transfer of risk.

As typical in the business, preliminary invoices are issued for the mineral concentrates at the time of delivery. Final invoices are issued when quantity, mineral content and pricing have been defined for the delivery lot.

Income not generated by the Group's main businesses is accounted for as other operating income. The expenses incurred from disposals of non-current assets or a disposal group of assets are deducted from the gain on disposal.

Pension liabilities

Pension arrangements in Afarak Group are classified as defined contribution plans or defined benefit plans (Germany and Turkey). Payments for defined contribution plans are recognised as expenses for the relevant period. The present value of obligation for the defined benefit plans has been estimated applying the Projected Unit Credit Method and recognised as a non-current liability on the statement of financial position. The actuarial gains and losses are recognised in other comprehensive income when they occur and the net defined benefit liability or asset are presented in full on the statement of financial position.

Share-based payments

Option rights are measured at fair value at the time they were granted and recorded as expenses on a straight-line basis during the vesting period. The expenses at the time the options were granted are determined according to the Group's estimate of the number of options expected to vest at the end of the vesting period. Fair value is determined on the basis of an applicable option pricing model (e.g. Black-Scholes). The effects of non-market-based terms and conditions are not included in the fair value of the option; instead, they are taken into account in the estimated number of options expected to vest at the end of the vesting period. The Group updates the estimated final number of options at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the estimates are recorded in the statement of comprehensive income. When the option rights are exercised, the cash payments received from the subscriptions adjusted with potential transaction costs are recorded under paid-up unrestricted equity reserve.

The Group from time to time directs free issues of shares to the members of the Board of Directors or key executives, as approved by the AGM. The compensation is settled in shares and is accordingly recognised as share-based payment in the Group's financial statements. The fair value of the granted shares is determined based on the market price of the Afarak Group share at the grant date. The total fair value is therefore the amount of granted shares multiplied by the share market price at grant date. The cost is recognised as expense in personnel costs over the vesting periods and credited to equity (retained earnings).

Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) transactions

The purpose of South African Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) regulation is to enable previously disadvantaged people meaningfully to participate in the South African economy. The Group is committed to making a positive contribution towards the objectives of BBBEE. Where the Group disposes of a portion of a South African based subsidiary or operation to a BBBEE company at a discount to fair value, the transaction is considered to be a share-based payment (in line with the principle contained in South Africa interpretation AC 503 Accounting for Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) Transactions). The

discount provided or value given is calculated in accordance with IFRS 2 and recognised as an expense. Where the BBBEE transaction includes service conditions, the expense is recognised over the vesting period. Otherwise the expense is recognised immediately on the grant date.

Lease agreements (the Group as the lessee)

Leases of tangible assets where the Group possesses a material portion of the risks and benefits of ownership are classified as financial leases. An asset acquired through a financial lease agreement is recognised at the fair value of the leased object at the beginning of the lease period, or at a lower current value of minimum lease. An asset obtained through a finance lease is depreciated over the useful life of the asset or the lease term, whichever is shorter. The leases payable are divided into financial expenses and loan repayment during the lease term so that the interest rate for the remaining loan is roughly the same each financial year. Leasing obligations are included in interest-bearing liabilities. Lease agreements in which the risks and benefits typical of ownership remain with the lessor are recognised in the statement of financial position as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability at the date at which the lease asset is available for the use by the Group. Each lease payment is allocated between the liability and finance cost. The finance cost is recognised in the income statement over the lease period. The right-of-use asset is depreciated over the shorter of the asset's useful life and the lease term on a straight-line basis.

Impairment

At the end of each reporting period, the Group makes an assessment of whether there are any indications of asset impairment. If such indications exist, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated. In addition, goodwill is assessed annually for its recoverable amount regardless of whether there are any signs of impairment. Impairment is examined at the cash-generating unit level; in other words, the lowest level of entity that is primarily independent of other entities and whose cash flows can be separated from other cash flows. Impairment related to associates and other assets are tested on a company/asset basis.

The recoverable amount is the fair value of an asset less divestment costs, or the higher value in use. Value in use means the present value of estimated future cash flows expected to arise from the asset or cash-generating unit. Value in use is forecast on the basis of circumstances and expectations at the time of testing. The discount rate takes into account the time value of money as well as the special risks involved for each asset, different industry-specific capital structures in different lines of business, and the investors' return expectations for similar investments. An impairment loss is recorded when the carrying amount of an asset is greater than its recoverable amount. If the impairment loss is allocable to a cash-flow-generating unit, it is allocated first to reduce the goodwill of the unit and subsequently to reduce other assets of the unit. An impairment loss is reversed if a change has occurred in circumstances and the recoverable amount of the asset has changed since the impairment loss was recognised. An impairment loss recognised for goodwill is not reversed in any circumstances.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually at year end; for the 2021 financial year, testing took place on 30 June 2021 for the Speciality Alloys business and the South African minerals processing business and on 31 December 2021 for all cash generating units. Impairment testing and the methods used are discussed in more detail in section 1.5 in the 'Notes to the consolidated financial statements'.

Financial income and expense

Interest income and expense is recognised using the effective interest method, and dividends are recognised when the right to dividends is established. Unrealised changes in value of items measured at fair value are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income. These items relate to currency forward contracts. Exchange rate gains or losses that arise from intercompany loans that are considered as part of the net investment in the foreign entity are included, net of any deferred tax effects, in the translation reserve within the equity. These exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income while accumulated exchange differences are presented in the translation reserves in the equity.

Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset forming part of the cost of that asset, are capitalised if it is likely that they will provide future economic benefit and can be measured in a reliable manner. Other borrowing costs are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.

Income taxes

Tax expenses in the statement of comprehensive income consist of the tax based on taxable income for the year and deferred taxes. Taxes based on taxable income for the year are calculated using the applicable tax rates. Taxes are adjusted with any taxes arising from previous years. Maltese companies' income taxes are recognised and paid applying the nominal income tax rate which is 35%. Six sevenths of this tax is refunded when the company pays a dividend. Consequently the effective tax rate is 5%. The tax refund is recognised when the dividend is declared. Taxes arising from items recognised directly in equity are presented as income tax relating to other comprehensive income.

Deferred taxes have been calculated for all temporary differences between the carrying amount and taxable amount. Deferred taxes have been calculated using the tax rates set at the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax assets arising from taxable losses carried forward have been recognised up to the amount for which there is likely to be taxable income in the future, and against which the temporary difference can be used.

Tangible assets

Tangible assets have been measured at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses. The initial cost of an asset comprises its purchase price, costs directly attributable to bringing the asset into operation and the initial estimate of the rehabilitation and decommissioning obligation. Heavy production machinery often contains components with different useful lives, and therefore the component approach is applied. Material component replacements and repairs are capitalised. The repair and maintenance of lighter machinery and other intangible items are recognised as an expense when incurred.

Interest expenses are capitalised as part of the tangible asset's value if and when the Group acquires or constructs assets that satisfy the required terms and conditions.

Assets are depreciated over their useful lives using the straight-line method, except for the mineral resources and ore reserves which are depreciated based on estimated or reported consumption. Land areas are not depreciated. The estimated useful lives of assets are as follows:

Buildings	15–50 years
Machinery and equipment	3–15 years
Other tangible assets	5–10 years
Mines and mineral assets	Units-of-production method

The residual value of assets and their useful life are reviewed in connection with each financial statement and, if necessary, they will be adjusted to reflect the changes that have occurred in the expected financial benefit. The sales gains or losses arising from the decommissioning or divestment of tangible assets are included in other operating income or expenses.

Mines and mineral assets

Measurement of mineral resources and ore reserves in business combinations

Mineral resources and ore reserves acquired in business combinations are recognised as separate assets. In the recognition and measurement of mineral resources and ore reserves the Group utilises available third party reports of the quantities, mineral content, estimated production costs and exploitation potential of the resource. The probability of the ore reserve is also an essential factor. In the mining and minerals business, the probability is commonly described by classifying a mineral resource into categories such as 'proven', 'probable', 'inferred' and 'hypothetical'. There are also generally accepted standards for the classification of mineral resources in the business, such as the standards of the South African Code for the Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves ('SAMREC'). The measurement of ore reserves is based on estimated market prices, estimated production costs and quantities. In the Group's statement of financial position, mineral resources and ore reserves are presented as tangible assets. Rehabilitation liabilities related to mines are included in their cost of acquisition, and corresponding provision is recognised on the statement of financial position.

Exploration and evaluation expenses of mineral resources

Exploration and evaluation expenditure relates to costs incurred on the exploration and evaluation of potential mineral reserves and resources when new potential ore reserves are sought, for example by exploratory drilling. Exploration and evaluation expenditure is carried forward as an asset if the Group expects such costs to be recouped in full through the successful development of the area of interest; or alternatively by its sale; or if exploration and evaluation activities in the area of interest have not yet reached a stage which permits the reasonable assessment of the existence of economically recoverable reserves and active and significant operations in relation to the area are either continuing or planned for the future. Exploration and evaluation expenditure includes material and other direct costs incurred, for instance, by exploratory drilling and surveys. Overheads are included in the exploration and evaluation asset to the degree to which they can be associated with finding and evaluating a specific mineral resource. Exploration and evaluation assets are measured at cost and are transferred to mine development assets when utilisation of the mine begins. The asset is then depreciated using the units-of-production method. Assets are written off when it is determined that the costs will not lead to economic benefits or expensed when incurred if the outcome is uncertain.

Exploration and evaluation assets are assessed for impairment if and when facts and circumstances suggest that the carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. In particular, the impairment tests are carried out if the period for which the Group has right to explore the specific area expires or will expire in the near future and future exploration and evaluation activities are not planned for the area.

Exploration and evaluation assets acquired in conjunction with business combinations are accounted for at fair value in accordance with the principles of IFRS 3.

Mine establishment costs

Mine establishment costs are capitalised as part of the mine’s acquisition cost and depreciated using the units-of-production method when the production of the mine begins. The costs arising from changes in mining plan after the production has begun are expensed as incurred.

Impairment

The value of mineral resources and ore reserves acquired in business combinations is tested for impairment if there are indications of deterioration in the long-term ability to utilise the asset economically. In the test the cash flows generated by the asset are assessed based on most recent information on the technical and economic utilisation of the asset.

Goodwill and intangible assets identified at acquisition

Goodwill represents the portion of acquisition cost that exceeds the Group’s share of the fair value at the time of acquisition of the net assets of the acquired company. Instead of regular amortisation, goodwill is tested annually for potential impairment. For this purpose, goodwill has been allocated to cash-generating units or, in the case of an associated company, is included in the acquisition cost of the associate in question. Goodwill is measured at original acquisition cost less impairment losses. Changes in purchase considerations, for example due to earn-out arrangements, relating to acquisitions carried out before 2010 have been recognised against goodwill in accordance with the earlier IFRS 3.

The net assets of an entity acquired in a business combination are measured at fair value at the date of acquisition. In connection with business combinations, the Group also identifies intangible assets that are not necessarily recorded on the statement of financial position of the acquired entity. These assets include, for instance, customer relationships, trademarks and technology. The assets are recognised at fair value and amortised over their useful lives on a straight-line basis. The amortisation periods for these intangible assets are as follows:

Customer relationships: 2-5 years depending on contractual circumstances
Technology: 5-15 years
Trademarks: 1 year

Research and development costs

Research costs are always recognised as expenses. Mine development costs are capitalised as part of mining assets and depreciated on a unit of production basis. The development costs, which primarily relate to the development of existing products, are expensed as incurred.

Other intangible assets

Other intangible assets are initially recognised on the statement of financial position at cost when the costs can be reliably determined and it is probable that the expected financial benefits of those assets will be reaped by the Group. Other intangible assets mainly relate to IT software utilised in support of the Group’s business operations and they are amortised over 3-5 years on a straight-line basis.

Inventories

Inventories are measured at acquisition cost or a lower probable net realisable value. Acquisition costs are determined using the average cost method. The cost of finished goods and work in progress comprises raw materials, direct labour expenses, other direct expenses, and an appropriate share of fixed and variable production overheads based on the normal capacity of the production facilities. In open pit mining operations, the removal costs of overburden and waste material (stripping costs) are included in the cost of inventory. The net realisable value is the estimated selling price that is obtainable, less the estimated costs incurred in completing the product and the selling expenses.

Financial assets

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, and subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (OCI), and fair value through profit or loss in accordance with IFRS 9: Financial Instruments.

The classification of financial assets at initial recognition depends on the financial asset’s contractual cash flow characteristics and the Group’s business model for managing them. With the exception of trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practical expedient, the Group initially measures a financial asset at its fair value plus, in the case of a financial asset not at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs. See note 13, in section 1.8. Notes to the Statement Of Financial Position, for tabular presentation of financial instruments.

Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component or for which the Group has applied the practical expedient are measured at the transaction price determined under IFRS 15: Revenue from Contracts with Customers.

In order for a financial asset to be classified and measured at amortised cost or fair value through OCI, it needs to give rise to cash flows that are ‘solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI)’ on the principal amount outstanding. This assessment is referred to as the SPPI test and is performed at an instrument level.

The Group’s business model for managing financial assets refers to how it manages its financial assets in order to generate cash flows. The business model determines whether cash flows will result from collecting contractual cash flows, selling the financial assets, or both.

Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.

Subsequent measurement

For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in four categories: 1. Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments); 2. Financial assets at fair value through OCI with recycling of cumulative gains and losses (debt instruments); 3. Financial assets designated at fair value through OCI with no recycling of cumulative gains and losses upon derecognition (equity instruments); and 4. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.

There have been no transfers of financial assets between fair value categories during the financial period. Afarak has not changed its recognition or fair valuation methods during the financial period.

1. Financial assets at amortised cost (debt instruments)

This category financial assets are measured at amortised cost if both of the following conditions are met:

The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective to hold financial assets in order to collect contractual cash flows; and

The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

For debt instruments at fair value through OCI, interest income, foreign exchange revaluation and impairment losses or reversals are recognised in the statement of profit or loss and computed in the same manner as for financial assets measured at amortised cost.

The remaining fair value changes are recognised in OCI. Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in OCI is recycled to profit or loss.

The Group held loans receivable and trade receivables which were classified as being financial assets at amortised cost.

2. Financial assets at fair value through OCI (debt instruments)

This category of debt instruments are measured at fair value through OCI if both of the following conditions are met:

The financial asset is held within a business model with the objective of both holding to collect contractual cash flows and selling; and
The contractual terms of the financial asset give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.

Upon derecognition, the cumulative fair value change recognised in OCI is recycled to profit or loss.

The Group did not hold any debt instruments classified as being financial assets at fair value through OCI.

3. Financial assets designated at fair value through OCI (equity instruments)

Upon initial recognition, the Group can elect to classify irrevocably its equity investments as equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI when they meet the definition of equity under IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Presentation and are not held for trading. The classification is determined on an instrument-by-instrument basis.

Gains and losses on these financial assets are never recycled to profit or loss. Dividends are recognised as other income in the statement of profit or loss when the right of payment has been established, except when the Group benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains are recorded in OCI. Equity instruments designated at fair value through OCI are not subject to impairment assessment.

The Group elected to classify irrevocably its non-listed equity investments under this category.

4. Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss include financial assets held for trading, financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss, or financial assets mandatorily required to be measured at fair value. Financial assets are classified as held for trading if they are acquired for the purpose of selling or repurchasing in the nearterm.

Derivatives, including separated embedded derivatives, are also classified as held for trading unless they are designated as effective hedging instruments. Financial assets with cash flows that are not solely payments of principal and interest are classified and measured at fair value through profit or loss, irrespective of the business model. Notwithstanding the criteria for debt instruments to be classified at amortised cost or at fair value through OCI, as described above, debt instruments may be designated at fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition if doing so eliminates, or significantly reduces, an accounting mismatch.

Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss are carried in the statement of financial position at fair value with net changes in fair value recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

The Group did not hold any debt instruments classified as being financial assets at fair value through profit or loss.

Derecognition

A financial asset is primarily derecognised when:

The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired; or
The Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either (a) the Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a passthrough arrangement, it evaluates if, and to what extent, it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership.

When it has neither transferred nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Group continues to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of its continuing involvement. In that case, the Group also recognises an associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and obligations that the Group has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the original carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets

Further disclosures relating to impairment of financial assets are also provided in the following notes:

Disclosures for significant assumptions
Debt instruments at fair value through OCI
Trade receivables, including contract assets

The Group recognises an allowance for expected credit losses (ECLs) for all debt instruments not held at fair value through profit or loss. ECLs are based on the difference between the contractual cash flows due in accordance with the contract and all the cash flows that the Group expects to receive, discounted at an approximation of the original effective interest rate. The expected cash flows will include cash flows from the sale of collateral held or other credit enhancements that are integral to the contractual terms.

ECLs are recognised in two stages. For credit exposures for which there has not been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, ECLs are provided for credit losses that result from default events that are possible within the next 12-months (a 12-month ECL). For those credit exposures for which there has been a significant increase in credit risk since initial recognition, a loss allowance is required for credit losses expected over the remaining life of the exposure, irrespective of the timing of the default (a lifetime ECL).

For trade receivables and should the Group have any contract assets, the Group applies a simplified approach in calculating ECLs. Therefore, the Group does not track changes in credit risk, but instead recognises a loss allowance based on lifetime ECLs at each reporting date. The Group has established a provision matrix that is based on its historical credit loss experience, adjusted for forward-looking factors specific to the debtors and the economic environment.

For debt instruments at fair value through OCI, the Group applies the low credit risk simplification. At every reporting date, the Group evaluates whether the debt instrument is considered to have low credit risk using all reasonable and supportable information that is available without undue cost or effort. In making that evaluation, the Group reassesses the internal credit rating of the debt instrument. In addition, the Group considers that there has been a significant increase in credit risk when contractual payments are more than 30 days past due.

The Group considers a financial asset in default when contractual payments are 120 days past due. However, in certain cases, the Group may also consider a financial asset to be in default when internal or external information indicates that the Group is unlikely to receive the outstanding contractual amounts in full before taking into account any credit enhancements held by the Group. A financial asset is written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovering the contractual cash flows.

Derivative financial instruments and hedge accounting

When necessary, the Group utilises derivative financial instruments, such as forward currency contracts and interest rate swaps, to hedge its foreign currency risks and interest rate risks. Such derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently remeasured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in fair value on derivatives are recognised on the income statement. The Group did not have currency hedged at year end.

Treasury shares

Own equity instruments, which are reacquired (treasury shares), are recognised at cost and deducted from the paid-up unrestricted equity reserve. No gain or loss is recognised on the purchase, sale, issue or cancellation of the Group's own equity instruments.

Financial liabilities

Liabilities are classified as current and non-current, and include both interest-bearing and interest-free liabilities. Interest-bearing liabilities are liabilities that either include a contractual interest component, or are discounted to reflect the fair value of the liability. In the earlier financial years discounted non-current liabilities have included acquisition-related deferred conditional and unconditional liabilities. Certain conditional liabilities have included an earn-out component that needed to be met to make the liability unconditional and fix the amount of the future payment. Acquisition-related conditional purchase considerations that were payable in the Company's shares were presented as interest-free liabilities.

Initial recognition and measurement

Financial liabilities are classified, at initial recognition, as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, loans and borrowings, payables, or as derivatives designated as hedging instruments in an effective hedge, as appropriate.

All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of directly attributable transaction costs.

The company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables and loans and borrowings including bank overdrafts.

Subsequent measurement

The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification, as described below:

Financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss include financial liabilities held for trading and financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition as at fair value through profit or loss.

Financial liabilities are classified as held for trading if they are incurred for the purpose of repurchasing in the near term.

Gains or losses on liabilities held for trading are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Financial liabilities designated upon initial recognition at fair value through profit or loss are designated at the initial date of recognition, and only if the criteria in IFRS 9 are satisfied. The company has not designated any financial liability as at fair value through profit or loss.

Loans and borrowings

This is the category most relevant to the company. After initial recognition, interest-bearing loans and borrowings are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the EIR method. Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the liabilities are derecognised as well as through the EIR amortisation process.

Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included as finance costs in the statement of profit or loss.

This category generally applies to interest-bearing loans and borrowings. For more information, refer to note 13, in 1.8 Notes to the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

Derecognition

A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

Offsetting of financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the consolidated statement of financial position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

Provisions

Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive), as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, where appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. Where discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

The provision for rehabilitation and decommissioning costs has arisen on operating mines and minerals' processing facilities. These costs are provided at the present value of expected costs to settle the obligation using estimated cash flows. The cash flows are discounted at a current pre-tax rate that reflects the risks specific to the rehabilitation and decommissioning liability. The estimated future costs of decommissioning are reviewed annually and adjusted as appropriate. Changes in the estimated future costs of or in the discount rate applied to the rehabilitation obligation are added or deducted from the profit or loss or, respectively, decommissioning obligation adjusted to the carrying value of the asset dismantled.

Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations

The standard IFRS 5 requires that an entity must classify a non-current asset or a disposal group as assets held for sale if the amount equivalent to its carrying amount is accumulated primarily from the sale of the item rather than from its continued use. In this case, the asset or disposal group must be available for immediate sale in its present condition under general and standard terms for the sale of such assets, and the sale must be highly probable.

Discontinued operation is a component of the entity with operations and cash flows that can be clearly distinguished operationally and for financial reporting purposes, from the rest of the entity, that is either held for sale or already disposed of; and

represents a major line of business or geographical area of operations,
is part of a single-coordinated plan to dispose of a separate major line of business or geographical area of operations, or
is a subsidiary acquired exclusively with a view to resale and the disposal involves loss of control.

Accounting policies requiring management discretion and key uncertainty factors for estimates

Preparation of the financial statements requires management to make estimates, assumptions and forecasts regarding the future. Future developments may deviate significantly from the assumptions made if changes occur in the business environment and/or business operations. In addition, management is required to use its discretion in the application of the financial statements' preparation principles.

The scope of the financial statements

Allocation of the cost of a business combination

In accordance with IFRS 3, the acquisition cost of an acquired company is allocated to the assets of the acquired company. The management has to use estimates when determining the fair value of identifiable assets and liabilities. Determining a value for intangible assets, such as trademarks and customer relationships, requires estimation and discretion because in most cases, no market value can be assigned to these assets. Determining fair value for tangible assets requires particular judgment as well, since there are seldom active markets for them where the fair value could be obtained. In these cases, the management has to select an appropriate method for determining the value and must estimate future cash flows.

Impairment testing

Goodwill is tested annually for impairment, and assessments of whether there are indications of any other asset impairment are made at end of reporting period, and more often if needed. The recoverable amounts of cash-generating units have been determined by means of calculations based on value in use. Preparation of these calculations requires the use of estimates to predict future developments.

The forecasts used in the testing are based on the budgets and projections of the operative units, which strive to identify any expansion investments and rearrangements. To prepare the estimates, efforts have been made to collect background information from the operative business area management as well as from different sources describing general market activity. The risk associated with the estimates is taken into account in the discount rate used. The definition of components of discount rates applied in impairment testing requires discretion, such as estimating the asset or business related risk premiums and average capital structure for each business segment.

Tangible and intangible assets

Afarak Group management is required to use its discretion when determining the useful lives of various tangible and intangible assets, which affects the amount of depreciation and thereby the carrying amount of the assets concerned. The capitalising of mine development assets and exploration and evaluation expenditure, in particular, requires the use of discretion. Similarly, management is required to use its discretion in determining the useful lives of intangible assets identified in accordance with IFRS 3, and in determining the amortisation period. This affects the financial result for the period through depreciation and change in deferred taxes.

Measurement of mineral resources and ore reserves

In the Group's mining operations, estimates have to be applied in recognising mineral resources acquired in business combinations as assets. In the recognition and measurement of mineral resources and ore reserves, the Group utilises available third party analyses of the quantities, mineral content, estimated production costs and exploitation potential of the resource. The probability of the ore reserve is also a key consideration. In the mining and minerals business, the probability is commonly described by classifying a mineral resource into categories such as 'proven', 'probable', 'inferred' and 'hypothetical'. The measurement of ore reserves is based on estimated market prices, estimated production costs and on the probability classification of the mineral resource and quantities. Therefore, the Group's management has to use its discretion in applying recognition and measurement principles for mineral resources.

Rehabilitation provisions

The Group assesses the rehabilitation liabilities associated with its mines and production facilities annually. The amount of provision reflects the management's best estimate of the rehabilitation costs. In determining the fair value of the provision, assumptions and estimates are made in relation to discount rates, the expected cost to rehabilitate the area and remove or cover the contaminated soil from the site, the expected timing of those costs, and whether the obligations stem from past activity. These uncertainties may cause the actual costs to differ from the provision which has been made.

Standards and interpretations effective and adopted in the current year

The Group applied, for the first time, certain amendments to the standards, which are effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2021. The Group has not early adopted any standards, interpretations or amendments that have been issued but are not yet effective.

Several other amendments apply for the first time in 2021. However, they do not impact the annual consolidated financial statements of the Group or the interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Group and, hence, have not been disclosed.

The nature and the effect of these changes are disclosed below. Although the new standards and amendments applied for the first time in 2021, they did not have a material impact on the annual consolidated financial statements of the Group. Other than the changes described below, the accounting policies adopted are consistent with those of the previous financial year.

In 2021, the Group has adopted the following amended standards issued by the IASB.

Interest Rate Benchmark Reform - Phase 2 - Amendments to IFRS 9, IAS 39, IFRS 7, IFRS 4 and IFRS 16. The amendment provides temporary reliefs related to financial reporting effects when an interbank offered rate (IBOR) is replaced with an alternative nearly risk-free rate (RFR).

The above changes did not have an impact on the 2021 consolidated financial statements and they are not expected to have any impact in the 2022 consolidated financial statements.

Standards and interpretations not yet effective

The standards and interpretations that are issued, but not yet effective, up to the date of issuance of the Group's financial statements that the Group reasonably expects will have an impact on its disclosures, financial position or performance when applied at a future date, are disclosed below. The Group intends to adopt these standards when they become effective. Of the other standards and interpretations that are issued, but not yet effective, as these are not expected to impact the Group, they have not been listed.

Amendments to IAS 1: Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current. The amendments to IAS 1 to specify the requirements for classifying liabilities as current or non-current.
Amendments to IAS 16: Property, Plant and Equipment: Proceeds before Intended Use. Under the amendment, proceeds from selling items before the related item of PPE is available for use should be recognized in profit or loss, together with the costs of producing those items.
Amendments to IAS 37: Onerous Contracts – Costs of Fulfilling a Contract. Under the amendment, when assessing whether a contract is onerous or loss-making, an entity needs to include both the direct costs as well as incremental costs and an allocation of costs directly related to contract activities.
Amendments to IFRS 9: Fees in the '10 per cent' test for derecognition of financial liabilities. The amendment to IFRS 9 clarifies the fees that an entity includes when assessing whether the terms of a new or modified financial liability are substantially different from the terms of the original financial liability to determine whether to derecognise the existing financial liability.
Amendments to IFRS 3: Reference to the Conceptual Framework. The amendments are intended to replace a reference to the Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements, issued in 1989, to an updated version issued in 2018 without significantly changing its requirements.
Additionally IFRS 17 Insurance contracts and amendments to IFRS 1 and IAS 41 have been issued but they will not have an impact on Afarak Group financial statements.

The new and amended standards that become effective of 1 January 2022 or later are not expected to have an impact on Afarak Group Oyj consolidated financial statements.

1.3 GOING CONCERN

Price and market have finally recovered which helped the Specialty Alloys segment performance return to profits. As long as no major disruptions occur, due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, both stainless steel and special steel producers will continue to fill up their order books. LC FeCr prices have increased by around 20% when comparing the average prices in H1 2021 with H2 2021. These prices continued to increase in the first months of 2022 and our order books are filling up quickly.

The unprofitable operations in South Africa have been discontinued, and our mining activity is still reduced.

The Group restructured a short-term commercial debt into a longer-term arrangement.

The company is actively pursuing new funding opportunities via some divesting opportunities. All in all, the management and board are positive about the future of Afarak.

1.4 BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND ACQUISITION OF NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS

1.4.1 Financial Year 2021

1.4.2 Financial Year 2020

Afarak did not carry out any acquisitions during the financial year 2020.

1.5 IMPAIRMENT TESTING

General principles of impairment testing

Afarak Group has carried out impairment testing on goodwill and other assets as of 31 December 2021. The following cash generating units were defined for the impairment testing:

Speciality Alloys business (Türk Maadin Sirketi and Elektrowerk Weisweiler) with a vertically integrated mining-beneficiation-smelting-sales operation in the specialty grade ferrochrome business;
South African mining business (Mecklenburg, Valkpoort and Zeerust);

The Group assesses at the end of each reporting period whether there is any indication that assets may be impaired. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of these assets is estimated. Moreover, the recoverable amount of any goodwill and unfinished investment projects will be estimated annually, irrespective of whether there is an indication of impairment. The South African mining business did not have any goodwill at the end of the financial year 2021.

During 2021, there were no indication of impairment at both the Speciality Alloys business and the South African mining business.

The Vlakpoort mine and Zeerust mine were not tested for impairment as there were no indication of impairment.

Changes in goodwill during 2021

During the financial year 2021, the total goodwill of the Group decreased by EUR 3.9 million to a total of EUR 46.0 million. The decrease was attributable to an exchange rate movement of EUR 3.9 million related to Goodwill.

In 2014, the synergy goodwill identified in the Mogale acquisition, related to Afarak Trading acting as a global sales entity for the whole Group, was initially allocated to Speciality Alloys segment. Afarak Trading contribution is divided to both segments to reflect the nature of serving the whole Group. It is allocated to both segments based on their relative revenue, reflecting the volume of Afarak Trading related benefits enjoyed by the CGU. The changes are described below:

EUR ‘000	Speciality Alloys Business	FerroAlloys Business	Group Total

The changes in goodwill during 2020 are presented below:

EUR '000	Speciality Alloys Business	Group Total
Goodwill 1.1.2020	45,414	45,414
Exchange rate movement	-3,310	-3,310
Goodwill 31.12.2020	42,105	42,105

Goodwill as a ratio of the Group's equity on 31 December 2021 and 31 December 2020 was as follows:

EUR '000	31.12.2021	31.12.2020
Goodwill	46,029	42,105
Equity	43,439	29,806
Goodwill/Equity, %	94.4%	141.3%

Impairment on long term assets

In 2021, there were no impairment write down on other long term assets.

Methodology applied in impairment testing

For the cash generating units that were tested, the test was carried out by calculating their value in use. Value in use has been calculated by discounting estimated future net cash flows based on the conditions and assumptions prevailing at the time of the testing. Future cash flows for the Speciality Alloys minerals processing have been projected for a five-year period, after which a growth rate equaling projected long-term inflation has been applied (Speciality Alloys: $2\%$ ). For the terminal year after the five-year estimation period, the essential assumptions (e.g. revenue, variable costs and fixed costs) have been based at the estimation period's previous year's figures. Future cash flows for the South African mining business have been projected for the life of mine with a $6.0\%$ growth rate equaling projected long-term inflation has been applied.

The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) has been calculated separately for each cash generating unit and assets being tested, taking into account each business's typical capital structures, investors' average required rate of return for similar investments and company size and operational location related factors, as well as risk-free interest rates and margins for debt financing. The Group has used publicly available information on the peer group companies' capital structure, risk premium and other factors. The market interest rates reflect the rates applicable on 31 December 2021.

The information used in the 31 December 2021 impairment testing is based on business units' management future forecasts, on general third-party industry expert or analyst reports where available, and to the extent possible on the current business and asset base excluding any non-committed expansion plans. Forecasted sales volumes and profitability are based on the management's view on future development while also taking past performance into account. Price forecasts are based on forecasted prices for all cash generating units, but South African mining business USD-based price forecast was adjusted for assumed Rand devaluation. The management's approach in preparing cash flow forecasts has not changed significantly from the previous impairment testing.

The underground production in the models of the South African mining business does not solely come from reserves, as some come from resources that are not yet converted to reserves. This increases the risk that some of the grades may differ, and tonnes could possibly not be economically extractable. There is also the risk that costs could be different than anticipated even though due care was taken in the cost evaluation.

These pre-tax discount rates applied in 2021 impairment testing were the following:

Cash Generating Unit

Pre-tax discount rate

	2021	2020
Speciality Alloys	11.7%	11.7%
South African mines
- Mecklenburg mine	26.6%	33.1%

The key reasons for the changes in the discount rates compared to 2021 were the changes in risk-free interest rates in both cash-generating units.

The cash flows in the Mecklenburg mine impairment test review includes both opencast and underground operation. The Mecklenburg model has a life of mine of 10 years.

The results of impairment testing have been evaluated by comparing the cash generating units' recoverable amount to the corresponding carrying amount based on the following judgment rules:

Recoverable amount divided by the carrying amount:

< 100%
101-120%
121-150%
> 150%

Conclusion:

Impairment
Slightly above
Clearly above
Significantly above

Test results 31 December 2021

The impairment test results were as follows:

Cash generating unit	Goodwill (MEUR), pre-testing	Goodwill (MEUR), post-testing	Carrying amount (MEUR), pre-testing	Conclusion
Speciality Alloys	46.1	46.1	51.8	Significantly above
South African Mines
- Mecklenburg	0.0	0.0	16.6	Clearly above

The testable asset base (carrying amount) includes goodwill, intangible and tangible assets and net working capital less provisions and deferred tax liabilities (in relation to purchase price allocation entries).

Key background and assumptions used in the cash flow forecasts of the impairment testing process are summarised in the following table:

Cash generating unit	Sales volume	Sales prices	Costs
Speciality Alloys business	FeCr: 27,500 t/a	LC/ULC ferrochrome with average Cr content of 70 %, based on forecasted prices	Raw material costs generally change in line with sales price; other costs growing at inflation rate
South African mining business: Mecklenburg mine	ROM: Underground mining of 20,000t in 2023; 177,000t om 2024; and is planned to increase to an average of 539,000t/a as from 2025 to 2032	SA Concentrate & SA Lumpy prices are based on forecasted prices	The costs for underground are based on past experiences of our mining team in underground operations adjusted for inflation rate. The cost over the life of mine excluding inflation is estimated to be ZAR 677 per saleable ton of chrome.

Moreover, the USD/ZAR foreign exchange rate affects significantly the testing of the South African mining business. The foreign exchange rate used in the test was 15.5 for the year 2021.

Sensitivity analysis of the impairment tests

The Group has analysed the sensitivity of the impairment test results by estimating how the essential assumptions should change in order for the recoverable amount to be equal to the carrying amount. The results of this sensitivity analysis as of 31 December 2021 are given below:

Cash generating unit	Change in pre-tax discount rate (compared to the level used in testing)	Change in free cash flow (annual average)	Change in CGU's average EBITDA margin
Speciality Alloys	19.6% - points	-64.9%	-7.7% - points
South African mining business:
- Mecklenburg mine	3.6% - points	-23.0%	-11.5% - points

1.6 OPERATING SEGMENTS

Afarak Group has two operating segments, FerroAlloys and Speciality Alloys, which are also the reporting segments. The operating segments are organised based on their products and production processes. The current reporting structure was adopted in 2011. The Group's executive management reviews the operating results of the segments for the purpose of making decisions on resource allocation and performance assessment. Segment performance is measured based on revenue as well as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) as included in the internal management reports and defined consistently with the consolidated EBITDA.

The FerroAlloys business consists of the Vlakpoort mine, Zeerust mine and Mecklenburg mine in South Africa. The business produces chrome ore for sale to global markets.

The Speciality Alloys business consists of Türk Maadin Şirketi A.S ("TMS"), the mining and beneficiation operation in Turkey, and Elektrowerk Weisweiler GmbH ("EWW"), the chromite concentrate processing plant in Germany. TMS supplies EWW with high quality chromite concentrate which produces speciality products including specialised low carbon and ultra low carbon ferrochrome. Chrome ore from TMS that is not utilised for the production of specialised low carbon ferrochrome is sold to the market.

The revenue and costs of the Group's sales and marketing arm Afarak Trading Ltd ("ATL") is allocated to the segments in proportion to their sales. Afarak's other operations, including the Group's headquarters and other Group companies that do not have significant operations, are presented as unallocated items.

Intercompany transactions are carried out on an arm's length basis. The transactions between the segments have been limited but the parent company has provided funding and administrative services to the Group's subsidiaries.

The accounting policies applied in the operating segment information are the same as those in the consolidated financial statements.

Operating segment information 2021

Year ended 31.12.2021 EUR '000	Speciality Alloys	Ferro Alloys	Segments total	Unallocated items	Eliminations	Consolidated Group
External revenue
Rendering of services	0	13	13	669	0	683
Sale of goods	77,824	1,750	79,574	0	0	79,574
Total external revenue	77,824	1,763	79,587	669	0	80,256
Inter-segment revenue	441	0	441	2,220	-2,661	0
Total revenue	78,265	1,763	80,028	2,890	-2,661	80,256
Segment EBITDA	9,181	-942	8,240	-2,300	0	5,940
Depreciation and amortisation	-1,343	-472	-1,814	-271	0	-2,086
Impairment		2,968	2,968	0	0	2,968
Segment operating profit / (loss)	7,839	1,554	9,393	-2,571	0	6,822
Finance income						6,725
Finance cost						-10,670
Income taxes						-2,268
(Loss)/profit for the period from continuing operations						610
(Loss)/profit for the period from discontinued operations						8,396
(Loss)/profit for the period						9,006
Segment's assets^{2}	133,046	49,055	182,100	9,210	-44,960	146,350
Segment's liabilities^{2}	80,062	47,522	127,584	37,260	-61,933	102,911
Other disclosures
Capital expenditure^{3}	770	39	809	135	0	943

Provisions 4

1,311

9,175

10,487

1,450

11,937

Inter-segment items are eliminated on consolidation.
The assets and liabilities of the segments represent items that these segments use in their activities or that can be reasonably allocated to them.
Investments consist of increases in tangible and intangible assets whose life is longer than one financial year.
Balance sheet values.

Operating segment information 2020

Year ended31.12.2020EUR '000	SpecialityAlloys	FerroAlloys	Segmentstotal	Unallocateditems	Eliminations	ConsolidatedGroup
External revenue
Rendering ofservices	0	98	98	445	0	543
Sale of goods	53,234	6,028	59,262	0	0	59,262
Total externalrevenue	53,234	6,126	59,360	445	0	59,805
Inter-segmentrevenue	0	0	0	1,479	-1,479	0
Total revenue	53,234	6,126	59,360	1,924	-1,479	59,805
SegmentEBITDA	306	-1,257	-951	-3,099	0	-4,050
Depreciation andamortisation	-1,641	-1,004	-2,644	19	0	-2,626
Impairment		-21,515	-21,515	0	0	-21,515
Segmentoperating profit /(loss)	-1,335	-23,776	-25,110	-3,080	0	-28,192
Finance income						8,548
Finance cost						-12,804
Income taxes						4,804
(Loss)/profit forthe period fromcontinuingoperations						-27,644
(Loss)/profit forthe period fromdiscontinuedoperations						6,073
(Loss)/profit forthe period						-21,571
Segment's assets2	126,262	57,474	183,736	15,811	-56,954	142,593

Segment's liabilities²
| | 78,548 | 53,447 | 131,995 | 38,374 | -57,583 | 112,786 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Other disclosures | | | | | | |
| Capital expenditure³ | 684 | 472 | 1,153 | 1 | 0 | 1,155 |
| Provisions⁴ | 1,413 | 8,706 | 10,119 | 1,450 | 0 | 11,569 |

Inter-segment items are eliminated on consolidation.
The assets and liabilities of the segments represent items that these segments use in their activities or that can be reasonably allocated to them.
Investments consist of increases in tangible and intangible assets whose life is longer than one financial year.
Balance sheet values.

Geographical information

Revenues from external customers

EUR '000	2021	2020
Other EU countries	53,022	30,389
United States	15,200	18,341
China	0	455
Africa	837	5,671
Finland	120	494
Other countries	11,077	4,455
Total revenue	80,256	59,805

Revenue figures are based on the location of the customers.

The largest customer of the Group is in the Speciality Alloys business segment and represents approximately 14.3% (6.4%) of the Group’s revenue in 2021.

Non-current assets

EUR '000	2021	2020
Africa	33,040	54,703
Other EU countries	7,764	7,975
Other countries	3,215	5,171
Total	44,019	67,849

In presenting geographical information, assets are based on the location of the assets. Non-current assets consist of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets and exclude Goodwill.

1.7 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT

1. Revenue

EUR '000	2021	2020
Sale of goods	79,574	59,262
Rendering of services	683	543
Total	80,256	59,805

2. Other operating income

EUR '000	2021	2020
Gain on disposal of tangible and intangible assets	79	206
Rental income	175	203
Other	3,379	924
Total	3,633	1,333

3. Employee benefits

EUR '000	2021	2020
Salaries and wages	-14,308	-13,710
Share-based payments	-112	-60
Pensions costs	-39	-99
Other employee related costs	-1,680	-1,563
Total	-16,139	-15,432
Average personnel during the accounting period	2021	2020
---	---	---
Speciality Alloys business	505	529
FerroAlloys business	42	179
Group Management	5	5
Other operations *	15	34
Total	567	747
Personnel at the end of the accounting period	2021	2020
---	---	---
Speciality Alloys business	471	516
FerroAlloys business	14	83
Group Management	5	5
Other operations *	13	17
Total	503	621

Other operations mainly relate to Magnohrom, in Serbia

4. Depreciation, amortisation and impairment

EUR '000	2021	2020
Depreciation / amortisation by asset category
Intangible assets
Other intangible assets	-111	-100
Total	-111	-100
Property, plant and equipment
Buildings and constructions	-541	-30
Machinery and equipment	-1,031	-1,389
Other tangible assets	-404	-1,000
Right-of-use assets	0	-107
Total	-1,975	-2,526
Impairment by asset category
Impairment write-down on long term assets	2,968	-21,515
Total	2,968	-21,515

5. Other operating expenses

EUR '000	2021	2020
Loss on disposal of intangible assets, property, plant and equipment	-139	0
Loss on disposal of investments	-645	0
Rental costs	-324	-173
External services¹	-2,165	-2,574
Travel expenses	-143	-159
Other operating expenses	-3,134	-3,337
Total	-6,550	-6,243

Audit fees paid to Tietotili totalled EUR 389 (2020: to EY EUR 878) thousand in the financial year. The fees for non-audit services totalled EUR 42 (2020: to EY EUR 67) thousand.

6. Financial income and expense

EUR '000	2021	2020
Finance income
Interest income on loans and trade receivables	86	73
Foreign exchange gains	6,461	8,466
Other finance income	178	9
Total	6,725	8,548
Finance expense
Interest expense on financial liabilities measured at amortised cost	-1,938	-1,624
Foreign exchange losses	-7,291	-9,238
Unwinding of discount, provisions	-872	-1,315
Other finance expenses	-568	-626

The interest expense on financial liabilities measured at amortised cost in both 2021 and 2020, include an accrual for interest on prepayment received in relation to the off-take agreement.

7. Income taxes

EUR '000	2021	2020
Income tax for the period	-3,394	-1,826
Deferred taxes	1,127	6,630
Total	-2,268	4,804
EUR '000	2021	2020
Profit / (loss) before taxes	2,878	-32,448
Income tax calculated at parent company income tax rate	-576	6,490
Difference between domestic and foreign tax rates	1,162	6,781
Tax credit	0	0
Items recognised only for taxation purposes	304	1,153
Income tax for previous years	-200	-1,281
Income from JV and associates	0	0
Impairment losses	594	-4,303
Deferred tax asset write-offs	-2,390	-740
Tax losses not recognised as deferred tax assets	-3,331	-5,540
Non-tax deductible expenses	-1,112	-839
Previously unrecognised tax losses now recognised	3,282	3,083
Total adjustments	-1,692	-1,686
Income tax recognised	-2,268	4,804

On 31 December 2021 the Group companies had unused tax losses totalling EUR 41.8 (2020: 47.6) million for which the Group has not recognised deferred tax assets. In 2020, a tax audit at TMS covering years 2013-2015 resulted in a tax increase of Eur 903 thousand. The company has appealed the decision.

8. Discontinuing operation

On 16th September 2020 the Business Rescue Plan which provided the plan for the disposal of the assets of Afarak Mogale (Pty) Ltd was approved. This led to Afarak Group loss of control on its subsidiary Afarak Mogale (Pty) Ltd, and as a result the Mogale business was reclassified to discontinued operation in the consolidated financial statements of Afarak Group.

Afarak Group reclassified Afarak Mogale (Pty) Ltd’s previously reported income statement figures as discontinued operations in 2020. As from September 2020 Afarak Group is no longer consolidating Afarak Mogale (Pty) Ltd.

In the consolidated income statement, continuing and discontinued operations are presented separately. Discontinued operations are presented as their own line item and comparative information has been adjusted accordingly.

Profit from discontinued operations in 2021, amounted to EUR 8.4 (6.1) million arising from the transaction.

Financial information related to the result of the discontinued operation until Afarak’s loss of control of Mogale in 2020 is presented below.

EUR '000	1.1.-31.12.2020
Revenue	16,628
Other operating income	228
Operating expenses	-17,810
Depreciation and amortisation	-975
Impairment	-4,537
Operating loss	-6,466
Financial income and expense	-5,625
Profit / (loss) before tax	-12,091
Income tax	145
Profit / (loss) on discontinued operations, restated	-11,946
Net balance sheet impact of discontinued operation	6,385
Impact of internal items	-2,086
Circulation of translation difference	13,719
Results of the discontinued operation	6,073
Earnings per share calculated from the review period profit for owners of the Company
Basic earnings per share (EUR)	0.03
Diluted earnings per share (EUR)	0.03
Net assets of discontinued operation
EUR '000	31.12.2020
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment	5,118
Other intangible assets	286
Receivables	536
Deferred tax assets	13
	5,953
Current assets
Inventories	4,839
Trade and other receivables	2,404
Cash and cash equivalents	1,201
	8,444
Total assets	14,397
LIABILITIES
Non-current liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities	13
Interest-bearing debt (non-current)	3,793

Current liabilities
Trade and other payables 8,923
Provisions 6,469
Interest-bearing debt 1,584
16,976

Total liabilities 20,782

Net assets and liabilities -6,385

Cash flows from discontinued operations

EUR '000 1.1.-31.12.2020

Net cash flow from operating activities -10,904
Net cash flow from investing activities -7
Net cash flow from financing activities -278
Net cash flow for the period -11,189

9. Earnings per share

	2021			2020
	Continuing operations	Discontinued operations	Total	Continuing operations	Discontinued operations	Total
Profit attributable to owners of the parent company (EUR '000)	610	8,396	9,006	-23,745	6,073	-17,672
Weighted average number of shares, basic (1 000)	244,484	244,484	244,484	238,488	238,488	238,488
Basic earnings per share (EUR) total	0.00	0.03	0.04	-0.10	0.03	-0.07
	2021			2020
	Continuing operations	Discontinued operations	Total	Continuing operations	Discontinued operations	Total
Profit attributable to owners of the parent company (EUR '000)	610	8,396	9,006	-23,745	6,073	-17,672
Weighted average number of shares, basic (1 000)	244,484	244,484	244,484	238,488	238,488	238,488
Effect of share options on issue (1 000)	1,263	1,263	1,263	2,915	2,915	2,915
Weighted average number of shares, diluted (1 000)	245,747	245,747	245,747	241,403	241,403	241,403
Diluted earnings per share (EUR) total	0.00	0.03	0.04	-0.10	0.03	-0.07

Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing profit attributable to the owners of the parent company by weighted average number of shares during the financial year.

When calculating the diluted earnings per share, all convertible securities with a potential dilutive effect are assumed to be converted into shares. Share options have a dilutive effect if the exercise price is lower than the share price. The diluted number of shares is the number of shares that will be issued free of charge when share options are exercised since with the funds received from exercising options, the Company is not able to issue the same number of shares at fair value. The fair value of shares is based on average share price of the period.

1.8 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

10. Property, plant and equipment

EUR '000	Land and water property	Buildings and constructions	Machinery and equipment	Mines and mineral assets	Other tangible assets	Total
Balance at 1.1.2021	1,967	4,816	40,645	69,984	2,154	119,566
Additions	0	22	561	344	0	927
Discontinued operation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Disposals	0	-308	-12,000	-14,422	-56	-26,786
Reclass between items	0	0	-5,330	0	146	-5,184
Effect of movements in exchange rates	-3	-623	-12,802	-2,597	-1	-16,026
Balance at 31.12.2021	1,964	3,907	11,074	53,309	2,243	72,497
Accumulated depreciation and impairment 1.1.2020	0	-2,985	-26,718	-28,066	-178	-57,947
Depreciation	0	-541	-1,031	-389	-15	-1,976
Impairment	0	0	0	0	0	0
Discontinued operation	0	0	0	0	0	0
Disposals	159	5,677	0	51	5,887	159
Reclassbetween items	0	0	5,330	0	0	5,330
Effect of movements in exchange rates	0	334	12,059	2,286	1	14,680
Accumulated depreciation and impairment at 31.12.2021	0	-3,033	-4,683	-26,169	-141	-34,026
Carrying amount at 1.1.2021	1,967	1,831	13,927	41,918	1,976	61,619
Carrying amount at 31.12.2021	1,964	874	6,391	27,140	2,102	38,471
Balance at 1.1.2020	2,303	8,386	73,974	80,959	5,163	170,785
Additions	0	0	746	243	0	989
Discontinued operation	-139	-2,572	-24,567	0	-2,141	-29,419
Disposals	-4	-14	-414	0	-6	-438
Reclass between items	0	0	0	0	-237	-237
Effect of movements in exchange rates	-193	-984	-9,094	-11,216	-626	-22,113
Balance at 31.12.2020	1,967	4,816	40,645	69,986	2,153	119,567
Accumulated depreciation and impairment 1.1.2020	0	-4,531	-46,350	-6,453	-2,653	-59,987
Depreciation	0	-170	-2,264	-980	-78	-3,492
Impairment	0	0	0	-21,515	0	-21,515
Discontinued operation	0	1,249	15,926	0	1,961	19,136
Disposals	0	4	317	0	6	327
Effect of movements in exchange rates	0	463	5,653	880	585	7,581
Accumulated depreciation and impairment at 31.12.2020	0	-2,985	-26,718	-28,068	-179	-57,950
Carrying amount at 1.1.2020	2,303	3,855	27,624	74,506	2,510	110,798
Carrying amount at 31.12.2020	1,967	1,831	13,927	41,918	1,974	61,617

Machinery and equipment include the prepayments made for them.

Property, plant and equipment include right of use asset EUR 0.2 (2020: 0.4) and a depreciation of EUR 0.1 (2020: 0.1) million.

11. Intangible assets

EUR '000	Goodwill	Intangible assets identified in acquisitions	Other intangible assets	Exploration and evaluation assets	Total
Balance at 1.1.2021	93,329	96,406	7,631	1,573	198,939
Additions	0	0	16	0	16
Disposals	0	0	-721	0	-721
Reclass between items	-51,225	-28,687	20	0	-79,892
Effect of movements in exchange rates	3,924	5,185	-349	-66	8,694
Balance at 31.12.2021	46,028	72,904	6,597	1,507	127,036
Accumulated amortisation and impairment at 1.1.2021	-51,225	-96,406	-2,789	-184	-150,604
Amortisation	0	0	-92	-20	-112
Disposals	0	0	173	0	173
Reclass between items	51,225	28,687	0	0	79,912
Effect of movements in exchange rates	0	-5,185	347	6	-4,832
Accumulated amortisation and impairment at 31.12.2021	0	-72,904	-2,361	-198	-75,463
Carrying amount at 1.1.2021	42,104	0	4,842	1,389	48,335
Carrying amount at 31.12.2021	46,028	0	4,236	1,309	51,573
Balance at 1.1.2020	100,918	106,224	8,644	1,770	217,556
Additions	0	0	118	48	166
Disposals	0	0	-2	0	-2
Effect of movements in exchange rates	-7,588	-9,818	-1,128	-245	-18,779
Balance at 31.12.2020	93,330	96,406	7,632	1,573	198,941
Accumulated amortisation and impairment at 1.1.2020	-55,504	-106,224	-3,220	-185	-165,133
Amortisation	0	0	-82	-25	-107
Disposals	0	0	1	0	1
Effect of movements in exchange rates	4,279	9,818	512	26	14,635
Accumulated amortisation and impairment at 31.12.2020	-51,225	-96,406	-2,789	-184	-150,604
Carrying amount at 1.1.2020	45,414	0	5,424	1,585	52,423
Carrying amount at 31.12.2020	42,105	0	4,843	1,389	48,337

Other intangible assets include the prepayments made for them. Exploration and evaluation assets consist of mine projects in various mining projects in Turkey and South Africa.

12. Investments in associates

Afarak has an investment of 8.99% (2020: 8.99%) in Valtimo Components Oyj.

During the financial year 2021 and 2020, Afarak did not acquire or dispose holdings in associates.

13. Financial assets and liabilities

31.12.2021, EUR '000
Non-current financial assets	At fair value through profit and loss	At fair value through other comprehensive income	At amortised cost	Carrying value	Fair value
Non-current interest-bearing receivables			106	106	106
Trade and other receivables *			26	26	26
Current financial assets
Trade and other receivables *			29,112	29,112	29,112
Other financial assets			411	411	411
Cash and cash equivalents			6,287	6,287	6,287
Total financial assets			35,942	35,942	35,942
Non-current financial liabilities
Non-current interest-bearing liabilities			17,749	17,749	17,749
Other non-current liabilities			28	28	28
Current financial liabilities
Current interest-bearing liabilities			20,762	20,762	20,762
Trade and other payables *			17,884	17,884	17,884
Total financial liabilities			56,423	56,423	56,423

Non-financial assets and liabilities are not included in the figures.

31.12.2020, EUR '000
Non-current financial assets	At fair value through profit and loss	At fair value through other comprehensive income	At amortised cost	Carrying value	Fair value
Non-current interest-bearing receivables			232	232	232
Trade and other receivables *			29	29	29
Current financial assets
Trade and other receivables *			9,758	9,758	9,758
Other financial assets			412	412	412
Cash and cash equivalents			1,098	1,098	1,098

Total financial assets	11,528	11,528	11,528
Non-current financial liabilities
Non-current interest-bearing liabilities	34,589	34,589	34,589
Other non-current liabilities	33	33	33
Current financial liabilities
Current interest-bearing liabilities	14,725	14,725	14,725
Trade and other payables *	9,814	9,814	9,814
Total financial liabilities	59,161	59,161	59,161

Non-financial assets and liabilities are not included in the figures.

Fair value hierarchy

31.12.2021, EUR '000	Carrying amounts at the end of the reporting period
Financial assets at fair value	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Derivatives
Other financial assets
Total
Available-for-sale financial assets
Other financial assets
Financial liabilities at fair value
Derivatives
Total
31.12.2020, EUR '000	Carrying amounts at the end of the reporting period
---	---	---	---
Financial assets at fair value	Financial assets at
	Level 1	fair value	Level 1
Derivatives
Other financial assets
Total
Available-for-sale financial assets
Other financial assets
Financial liabilities at fair value
Derivatives
Total
31.12.2021, EUR '000
---
Level 3 reconciliation
Acquisition cost at 1.1.2021
Acquisition cost at 31.12.2021
Accumulated impairment losses at 1.1.2021
Accumulated impairment losses at 31.12.2021
Carrying amount at 31.12.2021
31.12.2020, EUR '000
Level 3 reconciliation

Acquisition cost at 1.1.2020

Acquisition cost at 31.12.2020

Accumulated impairment losses at 1.1.2020

Accumulated impairment losses at 31.12.2020

Carrying amount at 31.12.2020

Interest-bearing debt

EUR '000	2021	2020
Non-current
Bank loans	21	0
Acquisition of NCI liability	1,713	0
Finance lease liabilities	296	319
Other interest-bearing liabilities	15,719	34,270
Total	17,749	34,589
Current
Bank loans	2,872	2,928
Finance lease liabilities	7	50
Cheque account with overdraft facility	0	4,162
Other interest-bearing liabilities (*)	17,884	7,586
Total	20,762	14,725
EUR '000	2021	2020
Finance lease liabilities, minimum lease payments
No later than 1 year	7	50
Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years	296	319
	302	369
Finance lease liabilities, present value of minimum lease payments
No later than 1 year	7	50
Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years	296	319
	302	369
Future finance charges	0	0
Total minimum lease payments	302	369

Other interest-bearing liabilities include a short-term commercial debt which has been negotiated into a longer-term arrangement after the reporting period.

Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities

| | 1 January 2021
EUR '000 | Cash flows
EUR '000 | Acquisition
EUR '000 | Foreign exchange movement
EUR '000 | Reclassification
EUR '000 | Discontinued operation
EUR '000 | Other
EUR '000 | 31 December 2021
EUR '000 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Non-current borrowings | 34,270 | -436 | - | 1,052 | -17,454 | - | -0 | 17,432 |
| Current borrowings | 14,675 | -3,797 | - | -261 | 17,454 | -4,162 | -3,153 | 20,756 |
| Lease liabilities | 369 | -44 | - | -23 | - | - | 22 | 324 |
| Total liabilities from financing activities | 49,314 | -4,277 | - | 768 | - | -4,162 | -3,153 | 38,511 |
| | 1 January 2020
EUR '000 | Cash flows
EUR '000 | Acquisition
EUR '000 | Foreign exchange movement
EUR '000 | Reclassification
EUR '000 | Discontinued operation
EUR '000 | Other
EUR '000 | 31 December 2020
EUR '000 |
| Non-current borrowings | 17,803 | - | - | -1,086 | 17,454 | - | 100 | 34,270 |
| Current borrowings | 41,980 | -440 | - | -4,476 | -17,454 | -4,061 | -874 | 14,675 |
| Lease liabilities | 684 | -193 | 93 | -71 | - | - | -145 | 369 |
| Total liabilities from financing activities | 60,466 | -632 | 93 | -5,633 | 0 | -4,061 | -919 | 49,314 |

The 'Other' column includes the effect on unwinding interest on the acquisition of non-controlling interest in non-current borrowings.

Financial risks and risk management

The Board of Directors of Afarak Group Plc has outlined the key risks of the Group in the Board of Directors' Report. In the following section, the financial and commodity risks are presented in more detail with the related sensitivity analyses.

Summary of financial assets and loan arrangements

Financial assets 31 December 2021

In addition to the operating result and the cash flow generated from it, the factors described below have most significantly affected the year-on-year change in the Group's financial assets at the 2021 closing date:

On 31 December 2021, the cash and cash equivalents were invested mainly in interest-bearing EUR, ZAR and USD denominated bank accounts. Other financial assets comprise interest-bearing loans and other receivables.

In 2017, the Group has given a corporate guarantee amounting to ZAR 75.0 million as collateral for a lending facility of South African Subsidiary which has now been discontinued. During 2020 ABSA has called on this corporate guarantee and On 24 August 2021, the Company published that the parties have settled the claim and that the District Court of Helsinki has dismissed the claims in their entirety.

One of the Group's Turkish subsidiaries has been granted various short term loans in 2021. The loans amount as at end of 2021 was of EUR 2.2 (2020: 2.2) million.

Interest-bearing debt 31 December 2021

Floating rate loans from financial institutions total EUR 2.2 (2020: 2.2) million. Fixed rate loans total EUR 0.7 (2020: 0.7) million.

The interest rate of the Turkish bank loan facility is tied to the market rate of EURIBOR. The interest rate on 31 December 2021, based on market interest rates at that date, was $1.00\%$ (2020: $1.20\%$ ). The interest rate margin for the fixed rate notes was $0.20\%$ (2020: $0.5\%$ ) p.a.

Capital Management

The Group's capital management objective is to maintain the ability to continue as a going concern and to optimise the cost of capital in order to enhance value to shareholders. As part of this objective, the Group seeks to maintain access to loan and capital markets at all times. The Board of Directors reviews the capital structure of the Group on a regular basis.

Capital structure and debt capacity are taken into account when deciding on new investments. Practical tools to manage capital include the application of dividend policy, capital redemption, share buybacks and share issues. Debt capital is managed considering the requirement to secure liquidity. The Group's internal capital structure is reviewed on a regular basis with the aim of optimising the structure by applying measures such as internal dividends and equity adjustments.

The Group's long term target for capital structure is to keep the equity ratio above $50\%$ . At the end of the reporting period, the Group's equity ratio stood at $29.7\%$ (2020: $20.9\%$ ).

Financial Risk Management

In its normal operations, the Group is exposed to various financial risks. The main financial risks are liquidity risk, foreign exchange rate risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and commodity price risk. The objective of the Group's risk management is to identify and, to as far as reasonably possible, mitigate the adverse effects of changes in the financial markets on the Group's results. The general risk management principles are accepted by Afarak Group Plc's Board of Directors and monitored by its Audit and Risk Management Committee. The managements of the Group and its subsidiaries' are responsible for the implementation of risk management policies and procedures. Group management monitors risk positions and risk management procedures on a regular basis, and supervises that the Group's policies and risk management principles are followed in all day-to-day operations. Risks and risk management are regularly reported to the Audit and Risk Management Committee.

The Group's significant financial instruments comprise bank loans and overdrafts, off-take agreement, finance leases, other long-term liabilities, cash and short-term deposits and money market investments. The main purpose of these financial instruments is to finance the Group's acquisitions and ongoing operations. The Group also has various other financial assets and liabilities such as trade receivables and trade payables, which arise directly from its operations.

(i) Liquidity risk

The Group regularly assesses and monitors its investment and working capital needs and financing, so that it has enough liquidity to serve and finance its operations and pay back loans. The availability and flexibility of financing are targeted to be guaranteed by using multiple financial institutions in the financing and financial instruments, and to agree on financial limit arrangements.

If the liquidity risks were to be realised, it would probably result in overdue interest expenses and damage the relations with suppliers. Consequently, the pricing and other terms for input goods and services and for financing could be affected.

The maturity distribution of the Group debt at the end of the financial year was as follows:

31.12.2021, EUR '000

Financial liabilities	Carrying amount	Contractual cash flows	6 months or less	6-12 months	1-2 years	2-5 years	More than 5 years
Secured bank loans	2,872	-2,915	-2,915	0	0	0	0
Finance lease liabilities	302	-302	-3	-3	-58	-101	-136
Trade and other payables	47,741	-47,741	-23,531	-6,144	-8,914	0	-9,149
Total	50,916	-50,958	-26,449	-6,147	-8,976	-101	-9,286

31.12.2020, EUR '000

Financial liabilities	Carrying amount	Contractual cash flows	6 months or less	6-12 months	1-2 years	2-5 years	More than 5 years
Secured bank loans	2,928	-2,972	-2,972	0	0	0	0
Finance lease liabilities	369	-369	-25	-25	-319	0	0
Trade and other payables	50,010	-50,651	-12,478	-3,615	-25,021	0	-9,538
Bank overdraft	4,162	-4,162	-4,162	0	0	0	0
Acquisition of NCI liability	1,717	-1,717	-143	-143	-286	-858	-286
Total	59,186	-59,870	-19,779	-3,783	-25,626	-858	-9,824

(ii) Foreign exchange rate risk

The Group operates internationally, including in Turkey, Malta and South Africa, and is therefore exposed to foreign exchange rate risks. The risks arise both directly from the outstanding commercial cash flows and currency positions, and indirectly from changes in competitiveness between various competitors. The foreign exchange differences arising from inter-company loans designated as net investments in foreign subsidiaries have been recognised in the translation reserve in the equity.

The Group is exposed to currency-derived risks that affect its financial results, financial position and cash flows. In particular the exchange rates of US Dollar and South African Rand against the Euro have a significant impact on the Euro-denominated profitability of the Group. The cash inflows of the business are denominated in US Dollars, whereas a significant portion of the costs are denominated in the South African Rand. The fluctuation of the South African Rand has a significant impact on the Group's profit and loss as well as on the Group's assets and liabilities. In its risk management, the Group aims to match its cash inflows and outflows as well as receivables and liabilities in terms of the currency in which these items are denominated.

The following tables present the currency composition of receivables and debt, and changes thereby relative to the previous year-end.

31.12.2021, EUR '000	1	1.1326	0.84028	15.2335	18.0625	117.2747
	EUR	USD	GBP	TRY	ZAR	RSD
Cash and cash equivalents (EUR)	1,144	3,374	20	879	646	224
Trade and other receivables (EUR)	1,227	13,267	0	158	14,869	2
Loans and other financial assets (EUR)	1,680	0	0	133	-1,681	0
Trade and other current payables (EUR)	-2,511	-9,782	0	-667	-1,742	-2
Loans and other liabilities (EUR)	-296	-17,885	-15,719	-2,200	-1,737	-702
Currency exposure, net (EUR)	1,244	-11,026	-15,700	-1,696	10,355	-478
Currency exposure, net in currency ('000)	1,244	-12,488	-13,192	-25,842	187,043	-56,031

31.12.2020, EUR '000	1	1.2271	0.89903	9.1131	18.0219	117.131
	EUR	USD	GBP	TRY	ZAR	RSD
Cash and cash equivalents (EUR)	342	172	24	250	255	54
Trade and other receivables (EUR)	447	7,101	0	745	1,871	5
Loans and other financial assets (EUR)	-8	0	0	261	7	0
Trade and other current payables (EUR)	3,957	-1,895	0	-621	-3,339	-1
Loans and other liabilities (EUR)	-4,464	-25,040	-15,100	-2,290	-1,751	-703
Currency exposure, net (EUR)	-7,639	-19,663	-15,076	-1,655	-2,957	-644
Currency exposure, net in currency ('000)	-7,639	-24,129	-13,553	-15,080	-53,288	-75,442

The effect on the 31 December 2021 currency denominated net assets which would be caused by changes in foreign exchange rates compared with the rates used in the Group consolidation is presented below. Due to the high market volatility of the exchange rates, the range of change was kept at +/- 20%.

31 December 2021

	USD	GBP	TRY	ZAR	RSD
20% strengthening	-2,757	-3,925	-424	2,589	-119
15% strengthening	-1,946	-2,771	-299	1,827	-84
10% strengthening	-1,225	-1,744	-188	1,151	-53
5% strengthening	-580	-826	-89	545	-25
0% no change	0	0	0	0	0
-5% weakening	525	748	81	-493	23
-10% weakening	1,002	1,427	154	-941	43
-15% weakening	1,438	2,048	221	-1,351	62
-20% weakening	1,838	2,617	283	-1,726	80

31 December 2020

	USD	GBP	TRY	ZAR	RSD
20% strengthening	-4,916	-3,769	-414	-739	-161
15% strengthening	-3,470	-2,660	-292	-522	-114
10% strengthening	-2,185	-1,675	-184	-329	-72
5% strengthening	-1,035	-793	-87	-156	-34
0% no change	0	0	0	0	0
-5% weakening	936	718	79	141	31
-10% weakening	1,788	1,371	150	269	59
-15% weakening	2,565	1,966	216	386	84
-20% weakening	3,277	2,513	276	493	107

Derivatives

The Group's exposure to the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates relates primarily to the Group's operating activities (when revenue or expense is denominated in a foreign currency).

Operative foreign currency derivatives that are valued at fair value on the reporting date cause timing differences between the changes in the derivative's fair values and hedged operative transactions. Changes in fair values for derivatives designated to hedge future cash flow but are not accounted for according to the principles of hedge accounting impact the Group's operating profit for the financial year. The underlying foreign currency transactions will realise in future periods.

(iii) Interest rate risk

The Group is exposed to interest rate risk when Group companies take loans, or make other financing agreements or deposits and investments related to liquidity management. In addition, changes in interest rates can alter the fair values of the Group’s assets. The Group’s revenue and operative cash flows are mainly independent of the changes in market interest rates.

To manage interest rate risks, the Group has used both fixed and floating rate debt instruments and derivative instruments, such as interest rate swaps, when needed. At the end of 2020, the Group’s interest-bearing debt was mainly based on floating interest rates; and there were no interest rate swaps in place. The Group aims to match the loan maturities with the businesses’ needs and to have the maturities spread over various periods so that the Group’s interest rate risks are somewhat diversified. Floating rate financing is mainly tied to the market rates of different countries (United Kingdom, South Africa), changes to which will then influence the Group’s total financing cost and cash flows.

The short-term interest-bearing receivables of the Group are mainly loan receivables and receivables on past asset disposals. The Group’s interest-bearing liabilities have been discussed above. The effects of credit risks for loan receivables are explained in more detail in section 1.8. (iv) credit risk.

The split of interest-bearing debt and receivables, also classified into fixed rate and floating rate instruments on 31 December 2020 and 31 December 2019 was as follows:

Interest rate profile of interest-bearing financial instruments (EUR '000)

Fixed rate instruments	31.12.2021	31.12.2020
Financial assets	0	0
Financial liabilities	0	0
Fixed rate instruments, net	0	0
Variable rate instruments
Financial assets	127	372
Financial liabilities	-20,762	-42,176
Variable rate instruments, net	-20,635	-31,947
Interest-bearing net debt	-20,635	-31,947

The following table presents the approximate effect of changes in market interest rates on the Group’s income statement should the deposits’ and loans’ interest rates change. The analysis includes floating rate financial assets and liabilities. The sensitivity analysis is illustrative in nature and applicable for the forthcoming 12 month period if the period’s asset and liability structure were to be equal to that of 31 December 2020, and if there were no changes in exchange rates.

31 December 2021

Interest rate change	Change in interest income	Change in interest expense	Net effect
-2.00%	-3	415	413
-1.50%	-2	311	310
-1.00%	-1	208	206
-0.50%	-1	104	103
0.00%	0	0	0
0.50%	1	-104	-103
1.00%	1	-208	-206
1.50%	2	-311	-310
2.00%	3	-415	-413

31 December 2020

Interest rate change	Change in interest income	Change in interest expense	Interest rate change
-2.00%	-5	644	-2.00%
-1.50%	-3	483	-1.50%
-1.00%	-2	322	-1.00%
-0.50%	-1	161	-0.50%
0.00%	0	0	0.00%
0.50%	1	-161	0.50%
1.00%	2	-322	1.00%
1.50%	3	-483	1.50%
2.00%	5	-644	2.00%

(iv) Credit risk

Credit risk can be realised when the counterparties in commercial, financial or other agreements cannot take care of their obligations and thus cause financial damage to the Group. The Group's operational policies define the creditworthiness requirements for customers and for counterparties in financial and derivative transactions, as well as the principles followed when investing liquidity. In the case of major sales agreements, the counterparty's credit rating is checked.

The Group's key customers are major international stainless steel companies, and a number of specialist agents selling to the steel sector, with typically long and successful business histories. Since the customers represent one sector of industry, major changes in that industry's profitability could increase the credit risk. In order to mitigate credit risk, the Group credit insure its trade receivables.

The trade receivables and loan receivables form a major share of the assets, which are exposed to the credit risk. Afarak did not present the expected credit losses in tabular format due to minimal credit losses in the historical data and including the future credit loss expectations. Additionally, the group collect prepayments from sales from its customers.

As presented in the section 1.8. note 15. The Group's trade receivables total EUR 13.5 million for financial period end 31 December 2021 (2020: 7.7). The Group did not record any loss allowance on trade receivables during 2021 and during 2020. The portion of prepaid revenues or portion under trade financing amounts to EUR 0.3 million on 31.12.2021 (2020: 3.3). The prepaid portion of the trade receivables does not include any potential losses.

The loan receivables amounted to EUR 0.4 million on 31.12.2020 (2019: 0.5). The total potential credit risk for the loan receivables is higher than for the trade receivables as the potential risk of default is more concentrated with only few lenders. The group estimates the potential credit risk in relation to the loan receivables frequently and reports any changes at each reporting period and estimates the possibility for default on a per lender basis.

In 2021 and in 2020, the Group did not recognise a provision on other receivables.

The credit risk assessment and the method of calculation has remained the same between the financial period ending 31.12.2021 and the previous financial period.

The trade receivables do not pose a credit risk due to concentration, as the sales are diversified to several customers.

Further information about the expected credit loss can be found in the basis of preparation in section 1.2 Accounting Principles under "Financial Assets" and "Impairment of financial assets".

Other financial assets in prior year were mainly loans receivable from the joint venture. These loans are now eliminated at Group level as these companies are now subsidiary companies.

The Board of Directors of Afarak Group Plc has determined a cash management policy for the Group's parent company, according to which the excess cash reserves are deposited for a short-term only and with sound financial institutions with which the Group has established business relations. The credit rating of all significant counterparties is analysed from time to time.

The maximum credit risk is equal to the carrying value of the receivables as of 31 December, and is split as follows:

| Category | EUR 000's
31.12.2021 | EUR 000's
31.12.2020 |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | |
| Interest-bearing | | |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 6,287 | 1,098 |
| Other interest bearing receivables | 127 | 232 |
| Interest-bearing, total | 6,414 | 1,329 |
| | | |
| Interest-free | | |
| Trade receivables | 13,518 | 7,656 |
| Other short-term receivables | 16,005 | 2,514 |
| Long-term receivables | 26 | 29 |
| Interest-free, total | 29,549 | 10,199 |
| Total | 35,963 | 11,528 |

(v) Commodity risks

The Group is exposed to price risks on various output and input products, materials and commodities, energy costs and disruptive availability of electricity. Also, securing the availability of raw materials without any serious disruptions is vital to its businesses.

The price risks on input materials and commodities are managed by pricing policies so that changes in input materials and commodities can be moved into sales prices. This, however, is not always possible or there may be delays as a result of contractual or competitive reasons.

The Group's units that have production operations are exposed to availability, quality and price fluctuations in raw materials and commodities. To diminish these risks, the Group's business units seek to enter into long-term agreements with known counterparties; although this is not always possible due to the tradition and practice of the business. For the most part, because it is not possible or economically feasible to hedge commodity price risks in the Group's business sectors with derivative contracts, the Group did not have any commodity derivative contracts in place as of 31 December 2021.

Sensitivity Analysis - Speciality Alloys business

The effect of changes in the sales price of special grade ferrochrome, produced by the Group's Speciality Alloys business, to the Group's operating profit and equity is illustrated below, assuming that the EUR/USD rate were constant. The analysis is based on December 2021 price level. Since the products are priced in USD, the exchange rate changes could have a major effect on the Group's profitability in EUR. Full capacity is of $36,000\mathrm{t / a}$ , and for simulation purposes is set at 2021 production of $23,252\mathrm{t / a}$ . It is also assumed that only one ferrochrome quality is produced. Various raw materials are used in ferrochrome production, including chrome concentrate and ferrosilicochrome. The purchase prices of the main raw materials typically move in the same direction as the sales prices, although the correlation is not perfect and the timing may differ. In practice, therefore the net effect on the Group's profitability most probably would be lower than shown below. Electricity usage is also substantial, and hence changes in electricity prices have a significant effect on profitability; electricity prices do not correlate with changes in commodity prices.

Financial year 2021

Change in Sales price (USD / lb Cr)		Change in Operating Profit	Change in Group's Equity
		EUR 000's	EUR 000's
4.81	20%	25,377	24,108
4.61	15%	19,033	18,081
4.41	10%	12,689	12,054
4.21	5%	6,344	6,027
4.01	0%	0	0
3.80	-5%	-6,344	-6,027
3.60	-10%	-12,689	-12,054
3.40	-15%	-19,033	-18,081
3.20	-20%	-25,377	-24,108

Financial year 2020

Change in Sales price (USD / lb Cr)		Change in Operating Profit	Change in Group's Equity
		EUR 000's	EUR 000's
2.36	20%	8,110	7,704
2.26	15%	6,082	5,778
2.16	10%	4,055	3,852
2.06	5%	2,027	1,926
1.97	0%	0	0
1.87	-5%	-2,027	-1,926
1.77	-10%	-4,055	-3,852
1.67	-15%	-6,082	-5,778
1.57	-20%	-8,110	-7,704

Sensitivity Analysis - Mining business

As a general rule, the Group sells its concentrate production and chrome ore at market prices and normally does not enter into forward sales, derivatives or other hedging arrangements to establish a price in advance for the sale of its future production. The Group is exposed to the risk of fluctuations in prevailing market commodity prices on the mineral products it produces.

Assuming, for simplicity, an average annual mining activity of 111,614 t/a, and December 2021 price level for Chrome Ore, the following table represents a rough proxy of the sales price sensitivities. It should also be taken

into account that the profitability of the mining operations can be substantially impacted by changes in the USD and ZAR exchange rates, electricity prices and availability of electricity, as well as changes in market prices.

In practice, therefore the net effect on the Group's profitability most probably would be lower than shown below. Due to the high market volatility the range of change was kept at $+ / - 20\%$ .

Financial Year 2021

Change in Sales price (USD/t)		Change in Operating Profit	Change in Group's Equity
285.00	20%	5,302	3,817
273.13	15%	3,976	2,863
261.25	10%	2,651	1,909
249.38	5%	1,325	954
237.50	0%	0	0
225.63	-5%	-1,325	-954
213.75	-10%	-2,651	-1,909
201.88	-15%	-3,976	-2,863
190.00	-20%	-5,302	-3,817

Financial Year 2020

Change in Sales price (USD/t)		Change in Operating Profit	Change in Group's Equity
201.82	20%	10,902	7,849
193.41	15%	8,176	5,887
185.00	10%	5,451	3,925
176.59	5%	2,725	1,962
168.18	0%	0	0
159.77	-5%	-2,725	-1,962
151.36	-10%	-5,451	-3,925
142.95	-15%	-8,176	-5,887
134.55	-20%	-10,902	-7,849

Inventories

EUR '000	2021	2020
Goods and supplies	5,406	3,063
Unfinished products	161	361
Finished products	7,725	10,040
Total	13,292	13,464

Trade and other current receivables

EUR '000	2021	2020
Trade receivables	13,518	7,656
Loan receivables	411	412
Prepaid expenses and accrued income	2,932	2,955
Income tax receivables	1,973	1,776
Other receivables	15,991	2,102
Total	34,825	14,901

Prepaid expenses and accruals mainly relate to rental contracts, personnel expenses, VAT receivables and accrued interest for loans. The values of receivables at the end of the reporting period closely correspond to the monetary value of maximum credit risk in the potential case where the counterparties cannot fulfil their commitments.

The Company has lodged a claim against the logistic company for the inventory lost in transit amounting to EUR 0.4 million. The matter has been referred to arbitration and, having received legal advice, the directors believe that a favourable outcome is very likely.

The ageing of trade receivables at the end of the reporting period

EUR '000	2021	2020
Not past due	4,685	1,560
Past due 0-30 days	1,819	2,697
Past due 31-60 days	2,163	568
Past due 61-90 days	2,681	1,141
Past due more than 90 days	2,171	1,690
Trade receivables total	13,518	7,656

The expected credit losses have historically been minimal. Thus the expected credit loss is not material and no separate credit loss reserve has been recorded.

Cash and cash equivalents

EUR '000	2021	2020
Cash and bank balances	5,801	888

Cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated cash flow statement:

EUR '000	2021	2020
Cash and bank balances	5,801	888
Short-term money market investments	486	210
Total	6,287	1,098

Notes to equity

	Number of registered shares	Number of shares on issue	Share capital, EUR '000
31.12.2019	252,041,814	238,364,215	23,642
Share based on payments (CEO)		400,000
Acquisition of NCI		115,000
31.12.2020	252,041,814	238,879,215	23,642
Share based payments (CEO)		400,000
Acquisition of NCI		7,088,608
31/12/2021	252,041,814	246,367,823	23,642

There is no nominal value for the Company’s share.

The equity reserves are described below:

Share premium reserve

Related to the old Finnish Companies Act, the Company has a share premium reserve in relation to old share issues, where the premium in excess of the par value of the shares subscribed has been recognised in the share premium reserve.

Paid-up unrestricted equity reserve

Paid-up unrestricted equity reserve comprises other equity investments and subscription price of shares to the extent that it is not recognised in the share capital based on a specific decision.

Translation reserve

The translation reserve comprises all foreign currency differences arising from the translation of financial statements of foreign operations.

Treasury shares

The Company’s subsidiaries do not hold any of Afarak Group Plc's shares.

Share Issue Authorisations given to the Board of Directors

Based on the resolution at the AGM on 22 June 2020, the Board is authorised to issue shares and stock options and other special rights that entitle to shares in one or more tranches up to a maximum of 50,000,000 new shares or shares owned by the Company. This equates to approximately 19.8% of the Company's currently registered shares.

18. Share-based payments

In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Group extended for another two years the CEO contract and granted another 1,000,000 shares in the Company. These were due to be awarded in two tranches and vested based on completed year of service, and which were self-reduced by 20% to two tranches of 400,000 Company shares for each year of service in 2020. The first 400,000 Company shares have effectively been received on 16 December 2020. The second 400,000 Company shares have effectively been received on 12 October 2021.

In January 2021, the Group extended for another year the CEO contract and granted 500,000 shares in the Company. These shares have effectively been received after reporting period on 10 February 2022. These shares have a lock-up period of two years from subscription date. The fair value of the granted shares is determined based on the market price of Afarak Group share at the grant date which was EUR 0.83 per share. The expense recognized in the income statement during the year was EUR 112,301 (2020: EUR 60,260). The expense in 2020 included a correction of the self reduced shares expense recognised in prior year.

19. Deferred tax assets and liabilities

Movements in deferred taxes in 2021

EUR '000	01.01.2021	Exchange rate differences	Recognised in income statement	31.12.2021
Deferred tax assets:
Unrealised expenses	2,396	27	-1,106	1,316
Pension liabilities	313		-144	168
From translation difference	-69			-69
Group eliminations	277	-15	89	351
Total	2,918	12	-1,162	1,766
Deferred tax liabilities:
Assets at fair value in acquisitions	11,171	52	-2,393	8,830
Translation difference	80			80
Other timing differences	186	-18	105	272
Total	11,437	34	-2,289	9,182

Movements in deferred taxes in 2020

EUR '000	01.01.2020	Exchange rate differences	Recognised in income statement	Discontinued operation	31.12.2020
Deferred tax assets:
Unrealised expenses	2,671	-113	-149	-13	2,396
Pension liabilities	396		-84		313
From translation difference	-69	0	0		-69
Group eliminations	421	-50	-94		277
Total	3,419	-164	-326	-13	2,916
Deferred tax liabilities:
Assets at fair value in acquisitions	20,222	-2,811	-6,095	-145	11,171
Translation difference	80				80
Other timing differences	1,272	-212	-861	-13	186
Total	21,573	-3,023	-6,956	-158	11,437

20. Provisions

EUR '000	Environmental and rehabilitation provisions	Other provisions	Total
Balance at 1.1.2021	9,148	24,201	11569
Additions	144	522	666
Discontinued operations	0	0	0
Releases and reversals	-507	-263	-770
Unwinding of discount	860	0	860
Exchange differences	-192	-196	-389
Balance at 31.12.2021	9,453	2,484	11,937
Balance at 1.1.2020	16,836	2,392	19,229
Additions	458	381	839
Discontinued operations	-6,377	0	-6,377
Releases and reversals	-213	-223	-436
Unwinding of discount	622	0	622
Exchange differences	-2,178	-130	-2,307
Balance at 31.12.2020	9,148	2,421	11,569
EUR '000	2021	2020
Long-term provisions	11,671	11,390
Short-term provisions	266	179
Total	11,937	11,569

The long-term provisions in the statement of financial position relate to environmental and rehabilitation provisions of the Group’s production facilities and mines. The provisions are based on expected liability.

Provisions include a FIN-FSA penalty amounting to Eur 1,450 thousand which was provided for in 2019. On 25th February 2021, Afarak filed an application for a permission to appeal and an appeal to the Supreme Administrative Court on the decision of the Helsinki Administrative Court. On 30th March 2022, the Supreme Administrative Court has rejected Afarak's application for permission to appeal.

21. Pension liabilities

Defined benefit pension plans

The majority of the Group’s pension plans are defined contribution plans for which a total expense of EUR 0.6 (2020: 0.7) million has been recognised on the 2021 statement of comprehensive income. In addition, the Group’s German subsidiary has defined benefit plans. The amount of defined benefit obligations of the plan is based on actuarial calculations made by authorized actuaries. The pension scheme is arranged by recognising a provision on the statement of financial position. The present value of the obligation less fair value of plan assets totalled EUR 20.6 (2020: 23.4) million on 31 December 2021. The Group has considered that the value on 31 December also corresponds with the amount of net obligation at the end of the reporting period. The assets of the pension plans are kept separate from the Group’s assets.

Retirement benefit obligation

EUR '000	2021	2020
Present value of funded obligation	28,114	30,584
Fair value of plan assets	-7,495	-7,225
Net liability	20,619	23,359

Movements in defined benefit obligation
EUR '000	2021	2020
Defined benefit obligations at 1.1.	30,584	29,353
Benefits paid	-871	-868
Current service costs	453	430
Interest expense	208	301
Actuarial losses / (gains)	-2,257	1,369
Closing balance at 31.12.	28,116	30,584
Movements in the fair value of the plan assets
EUR '000	2021	2020
Fair value of the plan assets at 1.1.	7,225	6,878
Expected return on plan assets	51	73
Benefits paid by the plan	-207	-193
Return on plan assets greater/(less) than discount rate	32	61
Contributions paid into the plan	398	407
Closing balance at 31.12.	7,498	7,225

The benefits of the defined benefit plan are insured with an insurance company. The corresponding assets are the responsibility of the insurance company and a part of the insurance company's investment assets. The distribution in categories is not possible to provide.

Expense recognised in statement of comprehensive income
EUR '000	2021	2020
Current service cost	-453	-430
Net interest on net defined benefit liability/(asset)	-157	-228
	-611	-658
Expense recognised in other comprehensive income (OCI)
EUR '000	2021	2020
Actuarial (gains)/losses due to liability experience	-24	-447
Return on plan assets (greater)/less than discount rate	-32	-61
Actuarial (gains)/losses – demographic assumptions	-2,233	1,816
Actuarial (gains)/losses – financial assumptions		0
	-2,289	1,308

Actual return on plan assets totalled EUR 0.03 (2020: 0.06) million in 2020.

Principal actuarial assumptions	2021	2020
Discount rate	1.14%	0.69%
Expected retirement age	65	65
Expected rate of salary increase	1.13%	3.00%
Inflation	2.25%	2.25%

The expected retirement age has been assumed to be in accordance with German legislation (RVAGAnpG 2007). Similarly, the expected pension increases have been assumed to be in line with the German legislation, and mortality expectancy in accordance with the German "Richttafeln 2005 G" has been applied in the valuations.

Provision for retirement pay liability in Turkey

In accordance with existing social legislation in Turkey, the Turkish subsidiary of the Group is required to make lump-sum payments to employees whose employment is terminated due to retirement or for reasons other than resignation or misconduct. The computation of the liability was based on the retirement pay ceiling announced by the Turkish government. On 31 December 2021, the employee severance indemnity recognised in accordance with IAS 19 totalled EUR 0.5 (2020: 0.5) million.

22. Trade payables and other interest-free liabilities

EUR '000	2021	2020
Non-current
Other liabilities	28	33
Total non-current	28	33
Current
Current liabilities to related parties	6	5
Trade payables	14,126	8,705
Accrued expenses and deferred income	4,185	4,715
Current advances received	2	1
Income tax liability	3,744	2,545
Other liabilities	571	1,103
Total current	22,634	17,075

At end of 2020, Trade payables included a liability to supplier in relation to financing of material amounting to Eur 1.4 million.

1.9 RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES

1.9.1 Group structure on 31 December 2021

Subsidiaries

Name	Country of incorporation	Group's ownership and share of votes (%)	Afarak Group Plc's direct ownership and share of votes (%)
Afarak doo Belgrade	Serbia	100.00	0.00
Afarak Holdings Ltd	Malta	100.00	0.00
Afarak Investments Ltd	Malta	100.00	99.99
Afarak Mining Investments (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	100.00	0.00
Afarak Mining (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	100.00	0.00
Afarak Services Sagl	Switzerland	100.00	0.00
Afarak South Africa (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	100.00	0.00
Afarak Trading Ltd	Malta	100.00	0.00
Magnohrom doo Kraljevo	Serbia	100.00	0.00
Auburn Avenue Trading 88 (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	74.00	0.00
Destiny Spring Investments 11 (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	73.30	0.00
Destiny Spring Investments 12 (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	100.00	0.00
Duoflex (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	74.00	0.00
Elektrowerk Weisweiler GmbH	Germany	100.00	0.00
Intermetal Madencilik ve Ticaret A.S.	Turkey	99.00	0.00
Rekylator Oy	Finland	100.00	100.00
Türk Maadin Sirketi A.S.	Turkey	98.75	98.75
ZCM Holdco One (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	74.00	23.00
Zeerust Chrome Mine Ltd	South Africa	74.00	0.00
Synergy Africa Ltd	United Kingdom	100.00	0.00
Chromex Mining Ltd	United Kingdom	100.00	0.00
Chromex Mining Company (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	94.00	0.00
Ilitha Mining (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	100.00	0.00
Afarak Processing Technologies (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	100.00	0.00
Afarak Processing Technologies 2 (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	100.00	0.00
Afarak Platinum (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	100.00	0.00

The companies Afarak Commodities Ltd, Afarak Participation Ltd, LP Kunnanharju and Mkhombi Stellite (Pty) Ltd were liquidated during 2020.

On 16th September 2020 Afarak Group lost control on its subsidiary Afarak Mogale (Pty) Ltd, and as a result the Mogale business was reclassified to discontinued operation in the consolidated financial statements of Afarak Group.

For the year ended 31 December 2020 Chromex Mining Limited (registration number 05566992) and Synergy Africa Limited (registration number 07382978) were entitled to an exemption from audit under section 479A of the Companies Act 2006 relating to subsidiary companies.

Afarak entered into an agreement during 2019 to acquire the remaining interest of 26% in Chromex Mining Company (Pty) Ltd. On 23 March 2021, Afarak acquired a further 20% of the shares in Chromex Mining (Pty) Ltd, in exchange for total consideration of 7,088,608 shares in Afarak Group Plc, amounting to Eur 1,680,000.

1.9.2 Related party transactions

Afarak Group Plc defines the related parties as:

companies, entities or persons having common control or considerable voting power in Afarak Group

subsidiaries
joint ventures
associates
Afarak Group Plc's and the above mentioned entities' top management

Related party transactions with persons belonging to the Group's Board and management

Finnish accounting legislation, KPA 2:8 § 4 paragraph disclosure requirement

EUR '000	2021			2020
		Salaries	Fees	Share-based remuneration	Salaries	Fees	Share-based remuneration
CEO
Konsbruck Guy	Board member 05.2.2018 onwards, CEO 15.1.2017 onwards		318	112		288	60
Board members
Abrahamsen Thorstein	Board member 23.5.2017 onwards, Chairman11.11.2019 onwards		78			84
Manojlovic Jelena	Board member 11.7.2008 onwards, Chairperson 23.5.2017 - 25.6.2019		57			60
Total		0	453	112	0	432	60

As some of the Board members have also had executive management roles, both the Board fees and the salaries in relation to the executive role have been presented above.

The CEO fees for his service during 2021 were EUR 318,000 (2020: EUR 288,000) for his service. On 11 May 2018 he received 500,000 Company Shares as an incentive for the first year of service acting as the Chief Executive Officer. The second 500,000 Company shares received on 12 February 2019.

In the fourth quarter of 2018, the Group extended for another two years the CEO contract and granted another 1,000,000 shares in the Company. These were self reduced by 20% to 800,000 shares in the Company. These were awarded in two tranches and vested based on completed year of service. The first 400,000 Company shares were received on 16 December 2020. The second 400,000 Company shares were received on 12 October 2021. On 10 February 2022, 500,000 shares were received for his fifth year of service acting as the Chief Executive Officer.

Management remuneration

EUR '000	2021	2020
Fixed salaries and fees	240	338
Total	240	338

The table includes the Executive Management Team remuneration excluding the CEO and including salary of Danko Koncar, COO amounting to Eur 240,000. The CEO and Board members compensation has been presented separately.

In addition, the shareholders Aida Djakov (director ATL) and Milan Djakov (sales and marketing manager ATL) and the related party Misha Djakov (technical and commercial advisor Specialty Alloys) received remuneration for their activities for a total amount of Eur 125,475.

Other related party transactions

No dividends were received from associated companies during 2021 and 2020.

1.10 COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

1.10.1 Mortgages and guarantees pledged as security

On 31 December 2021 the Group had loans from financial institutions totalling EUR 2.9 (2020: 2.9) million. The Group has provided real estate mortgages and other assets as collaterals for total carrying value of EUR 1.8 (2020: 4.5) million. The Company has an enterprise mortgage of EUR 2.5 (2020: 2.5) million which are in the possession of the Afarak Group and not pledged. Moreover, the Group companies have given cash deposits totalling EUR 0.4 (2020: 0.9) million as security for their commitments. The value of other collaterals totalled EUR 0.0 (2020: 4.2) million as at 31 December 2021.

1.10.2 Covenants included in the Group’s financing agreements

During the year 2021 and the prior year, the Group did not have loan facilities subject to financial covenants that if breached might have a negative effect on the financial position of the Group.

1.10.3 Rental agreements

Liabilities associated with rental and operating lease agreements totalled some EUR 0.3 (2020: 0.2) million for the period. Typically, the rental agreements maturity varies between two to five years, and normally there is a possibility to continue these agreements beyond the original maturity date. For these contacts, their price indexing, renewal and other terms differ contract by contract. As guarantees for these rental agreements, the Group companies have made cash deposits of approximately EUR 0.0 (0.0) million as at 31 December 2021.

1.11 EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD

On 04 January 2022, the Company published the financial calendar for 2022.

On 10 February 2022, the Company published information in relation to Afarak’s website being down.

Flagging notification after the reporting period

There were no flagging notifications after the reporting period.

PARENT COMPANY'S FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (FAS)

INCOME STATEMENT (FAS)

		1.1.2021	1.1.2020
		-31.12.2021	-31.12.2020
EUR '000	Note
Revenue	1	2,221	1,480
Personnel expenses
Salaries and wages		-375	-430
Pension expenses		0	2
Social security expenses total		0	2
Personnel expenses total		-375	-428
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment	2
Impairment of investment in subsidiaries		-492	-48,296
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment total		-492	-48,296
Other operating expenses	3	-1,488	-2,029
OPERATING PROFIT / (LOSS)		-135	-49,273
Financial income and expenses:	4
Impairment of non-current investments		5,158	-6,574
Other financial income
From Group companies		21	30
From others		1,127	3,841
Interests and other financial expenses
To Group companies		-617	-898
To others		-3,203	-1,605
Impairment of intra-group receivable		0	-8,356
Financial income and expenses total		2,486	-13,562
PROFIT / (LOSS) BEFORE TAXES		2,351	-62,835
Income taxes	5
PROFIT / (LOSS) FOR THE PERIOD		2,351	-62,835

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (FAS)

EUR '000	Note	31/12/2021	31/12/2020
ASSETS
NON-CURRENT ASSETS
Investments	6
Shares in Group companies		65,832	64,644
Total investments		65,832	64,644
Non-current receivables	7
Receivables from Group companies		5	5
Total non-current receivables		5	5
Total non-current assets		65,837	64,649
CURRENT ASSETS
Current receivables	7
Trade receivables		0	1
Receivables from Group companies		6,350	4,523
Other interest-bearing receivables		55	54
Other non interest-bearing receivables		108	13
Prepaid expenses and accrued income		64	56
Total current receivables		6,577	4,646
Cash and cash equivalents		3	54
Total current assets		6,581	4,700
TOTAL ASSETS		72,418	69,349

STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION (FAS) (CONT.)

EUR '000

	Note	31/12/2021	31/12/2020
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	8
Share capital		23,642	23,642
Share premium reserve		25,223	25,223
Paid-up unrestricted equity reserve		213,799	212,119
Retained earnings		-227,565	-164,730
(Loss) / profit for the period		2,351	-62,835
Total shareholders' equity		37,450	33,419
LIABILITIES
Non-current liabilities
Liabilities to Group companies		25,819	23,831
Provisions		1,450	1,450
Total non-current liabilities		27,269	25,281
Current liabilities
Liabilities to Group companies		220	220
Liabilities to others		0	4,161
Accounts payable		368	204
Accounts payable to Group companies		6,543	5,709
Other liabilities		17	17
Accrued expenses and deferred income		549	338
Total current liabilities		7,698	10,649
Total liabilities		34,967	35,930
TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES		72,418	69,349

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (FAS)

	1.1.-31.12.2021	1.1.-31.12.2020
EUR '000
Operating activities
(Loss) / profit for the period	2,351	-62,835
Adjustments for:
Impairment, net	-4,666	54,870
Unrealised foreign exchange gains and losses	2,076	-2,235
Financial revenue and expense excluding impairment	597	3,708
Other adjustments	131	1,914
Cash flow before working capital changes	489	-4,578
Working capital changes:
Change in current trade receivables	-1,315	789
Change in current trade payables	963	286
Cash flow before financing items and taxes	136	-3,503
Interests received from Group companies	1,127	3,841
Interests received and other financing items	21	31
Interests paid and other financing items	-617	-1,127
Net cash used in operating activities	666	-758
Investing activities
Proceeds from sale of tangible and intangible assets	0	0
Net cash from investing activities	0	0
Financing activities
Repayments of current borrowings	0	-4
Non-current loans from Group companies	-1,354	699
Repayments of current loan receivables	738	0
Net cash from financing activities	-616	695
Change in cash and cash equivalents	50	-64
Cash at beginning of period	54	118
Cash at end of period	3	54
Change in the statement of financial position	51	-64

2. NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF THE PARENT COMPANY (FAS)

2.1 Accounting Policies

Scope of financial statements and accounting policies

The parent company has prepared its separate financial statements in accordance with Finnish Accounting Standards. Consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. Consolidated financial statements are presented separately as a part of these financial statements.

Information on holdings in subsidiaries and associated companies and information on their consolidation is presented in the notes to the financial statements.

All figures are presented in thousand Euros, unless otherwise explicitly stated.

Valuation principles and methods

Investments in associated companies and debt instruments are valued at acquisition cost, less eventual impairment. Dividends received from Group companies and associates have been recorded as financial income.

The value of property, plant and equipment in the statement of financial position is stated at acquisition cost, less accumulated depreciation. Other assets have been stated in the statement of financial position at the lower of acquisition cost or their likely realisable value. Debt items are valued at acquisition cost. Loan receivables from subsidiaries and Group companies have been valued at acquisition cost.

Depreciation methods

Acquisition costs of property, plant and equipment are depreciated over their useful lives according to plan. Depreciation plans have been defined based on practice and experience.

Asset	Depreciation method and period
Intangible rights	5 years straight line
IT equipment	2 years straight line
Other machinery and equipment	5 years straight line

Translations of foreign currency items

Items in the statement of financial position denominated in foreign currency are translated into functional currency using the exchange rates as at the end of the reporting year. Income statement items are translated applying the exchange rates prevailing at the date of the transaction.

Comparability of the reported financial year and the previous year

The reported financial year and the previous year were both calendar years and are thus comparable. The Company has been actively restructuring its business, which has required various ownership and financial arrangements. The transactions have had significant non-recurring effects on the Company's income statement and statement of financial position, which make comparison of financial statements and estimating the future more difficult.

2.2 Notes to the income statement

1. Revenue

EUR '000	2021	2020
By business line:
Services	2,221	1,480
Total	2,221	1,480
By geography:
Finland	1	1
EU countries	2053	1312
Other countries	168	167
Total	2,221	1,480

2. Depreciation, amortisation and impairment

EUR '000	2021	2020
Impairment
Impairment on investment in subsidiaries	-492	-48,296
Total	-492	-48,296

3. Other operating expenses

EUR '000	2021	2020
Premise expenses	-17	-14
Machinery and equipment expenses	-20	-19
Travelling expenses	14	-58
Administration expenses	-755	-1,662
Other operating expenses	-144	-276
Total	-922	-2,029

4. Financial income and expense

EUR '000	2021	2020
Other financial income
From Group companies	21	30
From others	1,127	3,841
Other financial expense
To Group companies	-617	-898
To others	-3,203	-1,605
Impairment on Intra-group receivables	0	-8,356
Total	2,673	-13,562

Income taxes

EUR '000	2021	2020
(Loss) / profit before taxes	2,351	-55,590
(Loss) / profit for the period	2,351	-55,590

2.3 Notes to assets

6. Investments

	Shares in Group companies	Shares in associated companies	Receivables from Group companies	Total
Acquisition cost 1.1.2020	324,533	8,153	17,614	350,300
Disposal of investment	-2,019			-2,019
Acquisition cost 31.12.2020	322,514	8,153	17,614	348,281
Accumulated depreciation and impairment 1.1.2020	-209,574	-8,153	-17,614	-235,341
Impairment of investment in subsidiaries	-48,296	0	0	-48,296
Accumulated depreciation and impairment 31.12.2020	-257,870	-8,153	-17,614	-283,637

Book value 31.12.2020 64,644 0 0 64,644

	Shares in Group companies	Shares in associated companies	Receivables from Group companies	Total
Acquisition cost 1.1.2021	322,514	8,153	17,614	348,281
Addition of investment	1,680			1,680
Acquisition cost 31.12.2021	324,194	8,153	17,614	349,961
Accumulated depreciation and impairment 1.1.2021	-257,870	-8,153	-17,614	-283,637
---	---	---	---	---
Impairment of investment in subsidiaries	-492			-492
Accumulated depreciation and impairment 31.12.2021	-258,362	-8,153	-17,614	-284,129

Book value 31.12.2021 65,832 0 0 65,832

Holdings in Group and other companies

Name	Country of incorporation	Group's ownership and share of votes (%)	Afarak Group Plc's direct ownership and share of votes (%)
Afarak doo Belgrade	Serbia	100.00	0.00
Afarak Holdings Ltd	Malta	100.00	0.00
Afarak Investments Ltd	Malta	100.00	99.99
Afarak Mining Investments (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	100.00	0.00
Afarak Mining (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	100.00	0.00
Afarak Services Sagl	Switzerland	100.00	0.00
Afarak South Africa (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	100.00	0.00
Afarak Trading Ltd	Malta	100.00	0.00
Magnohrom doo Kraljevo	Serbia	100.00	0.00
Auburn Avenue Trading 88 (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	74.00	0.00
Destiny Spring Investments 11 (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	73.30	0.00
Destiny Spring Investments 12 (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	100.00	0.00
Duoflex (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	74.00	0.00
Elektrowerk Weisweiler GmbH	Germany	100.00	0.00
Intermetal Madencilik ve Ticaret A.S.	Turkey	99.00	0.00
Rekylator Oy	Finland	100.00	100.00
Türk Maadin Sirketi A.S.	Turkey	98.75	98.75
ZCM Holdco One (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	74.00	23.00
Zeerust Chrome Mine Ltd	South Africa	74.00	0.00
Synergy Africa Ltd	United Kingdom	100.00	0.00
Chromex Mining Ltd	United Kingdom	100.00	0.00
Chromex Mining Company (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	94.00	0.00
Ilitha Mining (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	100.00	0.00
Afarak Processing Technologies (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	100.00	0.00
Afarak Processing Technologies 2 (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	100.00	0.00
Afarak Platinum (Pty) Ltd	South Africa	100.00	0.00

The companies Afarak Commodities Ltd, Afarak Participation Ltd, LP Kunnanharju and Mkhombi Stellite (Pty) Ltd were liquidated during 2020.

Receivables

EUR '000	2021	2020
Non-current
Loan and other receivables	5	5
Total	5	5

Current

Loan receivables	1,355	719
Trade receivables	4,170	2,938
Interest receivables	1	44
Prepayments and accrued income	825	832
Total	6,350	13,993

Other interest-bearing receivables

EUR '000	2021	2020

Current

VAT receivable	55	54
Total	55	54

Other interest-free receivables

EUR '000	2021	2020

Current

Trade receivables	0	1
Other receivables	108	13
Total	108	13
Prepaid expenses and accrued income	2021	2020
---	---	---
Other prepaid expenses and accrued income	64	103
---	---	---
Total	64	56

2.4 Notes to equity and liabilities

8. Shareholders' equity

EUR '000

Share capital	2021	2020
Share capital 1.1.	23,642	23,642
---	---	---
Share capital 31.12.	23,642	23,642
---	---	---
Share premium reserve	2021	2020
---	---	---
Share premium reserve 1.1.	25,223	25,223
---	---	---
Share premium reserve 31.12.	25,223	25,223
---	---	---
Paid-up unrestricted equity reserve	2021	2020
---	---	---

Paid-up unrestricted equity reserve 1.1.	212,119	212,024
Issue of shares	1,680	95
Paid-up unrestricted equity reserve 31.12.	213,799	212,119
Retained earnings	2021	2020
Retained earnings 1.1.	-164,730	-20,575
(Loss) / profit for the period	-62,835	-144,154
Retained earnings 31.12.	-227,565	-164,730
(Loss) / profit for the period	2,351	-62,835
Total shareholders' equity	37,450	33,419
Distributable funds	2021	2020
Retained earnings 1.1.	-227,565	-20,576
(Loss) / profit for the period	2,351	-62,835
Retained earnings 31.12.	-225,214	-227,565
Paid-up unrestricted equity reserve	213,799	212,119
Distributable funds 31.12.	0	0

9. Liabilities

Non-current liabilities

EUR '000

Non-current interest bearing debt	2021	2020
Loans from Group companies	25,819	23,831
Total	25,819	23,831
Non-current interest-free debt	2021	2020
Capital loans	0	0
Total	0	0

Current liabilities

EUR '000

Current interest bearing debt	2021	2020
Other debt to Group companies	0	0
Total	0	0
Current interest-free debt	2021	2020
Accounts payable	368	204
Payables to Group companies	6,543	5,709
Payables to others	0	4,161
Other debt	17	17
Other debt to Group companies	220	220
Accrued expenses and deferred income	549	338
Total	7,698	10,649

2.5 Pledges and contingent liabilities

EUR million	31.12.2021	31.12.2020
Commitments on behalf of subsidiaries
Guarantees	0	4.2
Commitments and contingent liabilities total	0	4.2

The Company has an enterprise mortgage of EUR 2.5 (2020: 2.5) million which are in the possession of the Afarak Group and not pledged.

Pension liabilities

The Company's pension liabilities are directly in accordance with the statutory TyEL-system.

2.6 Other notes

Related party loans

The Company has short-term loan receivables from the members and past members of the Board amounting to EUR 0 (0) thousand.

Information on the personnel

Personnel, annual average (all employees)	2021	2020
Employees	1	3
Management remuneration (EUR '000)	2021	2020
Chief Executive Officer	318	288
Board members	135	144

The CEO fees for his service during 2021 were EUR 318,000.

Information on shares and shareholders

Changes in the number of shares and share capital

On 31 December 2021, the registered number of Afarak Group Plc shares was 252,041,814 (252,041,814) and the share capital was EUR 23,642,049.60 (23,642,049.60).

On 23 March 2021, Afarak Group Plc has transferred a total of 7,088,608 treasury shares in relation to additional ownership in certain South African mining assets.

On 12 October 2021, the company transferred 400,000 Company Shares from the treasury to Guy Konsbruck, CEO.

More information on shares, share capital and shareholders has been presented in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

Information obligated to a Group company

The Company is the Group's parent company.

Afarak Group Plc, domicile Helsinki (address: Kaisaniemenkatu 4, 00100 Helsinki, Finland)

Board members' and Chief Executive Officer's ownership

Afarak Group Plc's Board members and Chief Executive Officer owned in total 1,950,000 (2020: 1,550,000) Afarak Group Plc shares on 31 December 2021 when including shares owned either directly, through persons closely associated with them or through controlled companies. This corresponds to 0.8% (2020: 0.8%) of all outstanding shares that were registered in the Trade Register on 31 December 2021.

31.12.2021	Board and CEO total:	shares
Thorstein Abrahamsen	Chairman & Non-Executive Director	0
Jelena Manojlovic	Dependent Non-Executive Director	150,000
Guy Konsbruck	Chief Executive Officer & Executive Director	1,800,000

Board and CEO total

All shares outstanding

Proportion of all shares

	1,950,000	0
252,041,814
0.8%

On 31 December 2021 the total number of registered shares was 252,041,814 and the Board and CEO's ownership corresponded to 0.8% of the total number of registered shares.

Auditor’s fees

EUR '000	2021	2020
Ernst & Young Oy
audit	335	320
other services	42	67
Total	377	648

Board’s dividend proposal

The Board of Directors proposes to the Annual General Meeting that no distribution would be paid in 2021.

SIGNATURES TO THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REPORT AND THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Helsinki 31 March 2022

Thorstein Abrahamsen
Chairman

Guy Konsbruck
Member of the Board & CEO

Jelena Manojlovic
Member of the Board

THE AUDITOR'S NOTE

Our auditor’s report has been issued today.

Helsinki 31 March 2022

Tietotili Audit Oy
Authorised Public Accountants

Urpo Salo
Authorised Public Accountant

AI assistant

Afarak Group — Annual Report 2021

3302_rns_2022-03-31_6b4e5488-566b-45c3-859d-6a1112c5b727.pdf

AFARAK GROUP PLC

The Board of Directors Report 2021 and the Annual Financial Statements 1 January-31 December 2021

Contents

THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS REPORT

2021 in review

Outlook

Growth strategy

Thank You

Guy Konsbruck

SAFETY, HEALTH AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Sustainability

Our commitment

Safety

Health

Environment

Water management

Land rehabilitation

Air emissions

Communities & human rights

Employment

Community initiatives

Procurement

Looking ahead

THE FERROCHROME AND CHROME ORE MARKET

2021 Market overview

Market sentiment for 2022

GROUP OPERATIONAL REVIEW

Sales

Group mining

Group processing

Human resources

GROUP FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

2021 performance

Balance Sheet, Cash Flow and Financing

Investments, Acquisitions and Divestments

SEGMENTS REVIEW

SPECIALITY ALLOYS SEGMENT

2021 in Review

Production

Sales

Financial performance

Looking ahead

FERROALLOYS SEGMENT

2021 in Review

Production

Sales

Financial performance

Looking ahead

RISK MANAGEMENT

2021 Developments

Principal risks

SHARE INFORMATION

Flagging notifications

Trading information

Share performance and Trading

Shareholders

LARGEST SHAREHOLDERS ON 31 DECEMBER 2021

SHAREHOLDERS BY CATEGORY 31 DECEMBER 2021

SHAREHOLDERS BY SHAREHOLDER TYPE ON 31 DECEMBER 2021

RESOLUTIONS OF THE ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING

RESOLUTIONS OF THE EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING

2021 Annual General Meeting

Distribution proposal

Information presented by reference

FINANCIAL INDICATORS

FORMULAS FOR CALCULATION OF INDICATORS

Financial indicators

Share-related key indicators

EVENTS AFTER THE REPORTING PERIOD

Flagging notification after the reporting period

ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1.1 COMPANY INFORMATION

1.2 ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES

Basis of preparation

Presentation of financial statements

Principles of consolidation

Afarak Group Annual Report 2021