Interim / Quarterly Report • Nov 13, 2019
Interim / Quarterly Report
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This Interim financial statement has been translated into English solely for the convenience of the International reader. In the event of conflict or inconsistency between the terms used in the Italian Version of the report and the English version, the Italian version shall prevail, as the Italian version constitutes the official document.
| INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENT AT 30 SEPTEMBER 2019 | 1 |
|---|---|
| CORPORATE BOARDS OF THE PARENT COMPANY | 3 |
| ORGANISATION CHART | 4 |
| BRANDS PORTFOLIO | 5 |
| HEADQUARTERS | 6 |
| SHOWROOMS | 7 |
| MAIN FLAGSHIPSTORE LOCATIONS UNDER DIRECT MANAGEMENT | 8 |
| MAIN ECONOMIC-FINANCIAL DATA | 9 |
| FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 11 |
| INTERIM MANAGEMENT REPORT | 16 |
| EXPLANATORY NOTES | 17 |
Massimo Ferretti
Deputy Chairman
Alberta Ferretti
Board of Directors
Marcello Tassinari – Managing Director Roberto Lugano Daniela Saitta Alessandro Bonfiglioli Bettina Campedelli
Angelo Miglietta
Fernando Ciotti Carla Trotti
Alternate Auditors Nevio Dalla Valle Daniela Elvira Bruno
Board of Compensation Committee
Daniela Saitta
Bettina Campedelli
Board of Internal Control Committee
Roberto Lugano
Bettina Campedelli Alessandro Bonfiglioli


Via Delle Querce, 51 47842 - San Giovanni in Marignano (RN) Italy
Via San Gregorio, 28 20124 - Milan Italy
Via Erbosa I° tratto, 92 47030 - Gatteo (FC) Italy
Via Delle Querce, 51 47842 - San Giovanni in Marignano (RN) Italy

MILAN (FERRETTI – PHILOSOPHY – POLLINI – CEDRIC CHARLIER) Via Donizetti, 48 20122 - Milan Italy
(FERRETTI – PHILOSOPHY – MOSCHINO) 28-29, Conduit Street W1S 2YB - London UK
PARIS
(FERRETTI – PHILOSOPHY - MOSCHINO) 43, Rue due Faubourg Saint Honoré 75008 - Paris France
(GROUP) 30, West 56th Street 10019 - New York USA
(MOSCHINO) Via San Gregorio, 28 20124 - Milan Italy
(LOVE MOSCHINO) Via Settembrini, 1 20124 - Milan Italy
(CEDRIC CHARLIER) 28, Rue de Sevigne 75004 - Paris France

Florence Venice
Milan Rome Capri Paris London Los Angeles New York Seoul Pusan Daegu

| 9 M | 9 M | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 2018 | ||
| Total revenues | (Values in millions of EUR) | 275.5 | 267.9 |
| Gross operating margin (EBITDA) | (Values in millions of EUR) | 46.1 | 37.1 |
| Net operating profit (EBIT) | (Values in millions of EUR) | 26.0 | 27.7 |
| Profit before taxes | (Values in millions of EUR) | 24.1 | 27.0 |
| Net profit for the Group | (Values in millions of EUR) | 13.2 | 16.1 |
| Basic earnings per share | (Values in units of EUR) | 0.131 | 0.159 |
| Cash Flow (net profit + depreciation) | (Values in millions of EUR) | 33.5 | 25.7 |
| Cash Flow/Total revenues | Ratio | 12.2 | 9.6 |
* EBITDA is represented by operating profit before provisions and depreciation. EBITDA thus defined is a measure used by management to monitor and evaluate the operational performance and is not identified as an accounting measure under both Italian Accounting Principles and IFRS and therefore should not be considered an alternative measure for evaluating the Group's results. Since EBITDA is not regulated by applicable accounting standards, the criteria used by the Group might not be consistent with that adopted by others and therefore may not be comparable.
| 30 September | 31 December | 30 September | 31 December | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 2018 | 2018 | 2017 | ||
| Net capital invested | (Values in millions of EUR) | 356.1 | 228.7 | 235.4 | 229.0 |
| Net financial indebtedness | (Values in millions of EUR) | 149.9 | 31.3 | 39.1 | 50.6 |
| Group net equity | (Values in millions of EUR) | 173.6 | 164.6 | 163.0 | 146.1 |
| Group net equity per share | (Values in units of EUR) | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 |
| Current assets/Current liabilities | Ratio | 2.3 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 1.9 |
| Current assets less invent./Current liabilities (ACID Test) | Ratio | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Net financial indebtedness/Net equity | Ratio | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
The accounting principles and valuation criteria adopted for the preparation of the consolidated financial statements at September 30, 2019 are the same as those adopted for the preparation of the financial statements at December 31, 2018 except for IFRS 16, which was applied for the first time in the consolidated financial statements of the Aeffe Group closed on 31 March 2019.
The Group has opted for a retrospective application of the standard, without restatement of comparative information. The cumulative effect has been noted as a reduction of the retained opening earnings. The incremental borrowing rate used is the one at the transaction date.
The effect reflected in the financial statements at 01/01/2019 mainly concerned lease liabilities of around EUR 116.5 million and assets deriving from the right to use assets of approximately EUR 110.4 million.
Leasing contracts with a duration equal to or less than 12 months and those that have assets of modest value have been excluded.
Lease liabilities have been discounted at a weighted average interest rate of 2%. The following is a representation of the leases in the opening balance sheet as at 01/01/2019.
| (Values in thousands of EUR) | Notes | 1 January | IFRS 16 | 31 December |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Adjustment | 2018 | ||
| Operating net working capital | 70,450 | 70,450 | ||
| Net working capital | 85,748 | 85,748 | ||
| Fixed assets | a | 276,867 | 110,494 | 166,373 |
| NET CAPITAL INVESTED | b | 340,910 | 112,194 | 228,716 |
| Total shareholders' equity | c | 193,067 | ( 4,392) | 197,459 |
| Short term financial receivables | ( 1,420) | - | ( 1,420) | |
| Cash | ( 28,037) | - | ( 28,037) | |
| Long term financial liabilities | 16,409 | - | 16,409 | |
| Long term lease liabilities | d | 102,309 | 102,309 | - |
| Long term financial receivables | ( 2,302) | - | ( 2,302) | |
| Short term financial liabilities | 46,607 | - | 46,607 | |
| Short term lease liabilities | e | 14,277 | 14,277 | - |
| NET FINANCIAL POSITION | 147,843 | 116,587 | 31,256 | |
| SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY AND NET FINANCIAL INDEBTEDNESS | 340,910 | 112,194 | 228,716 |
a) Increase due to the recognition of assets for rights of use;
Concurrently with the application of IFRS 16 and to give a more truthful and correct representation the amortization plan of the Key Money has been modified making them fall within the rights of use of assets as they represent the initial direct costs of the lessee. The change in the estimate (Vita Utile) was made prospectively, resulting in a non-significant change.
| (Values in thousands of EUR) Note |
9 M 2019 IFRS 16 |
% on revenues |
9 M 2019 No IFRS 16 |
% on revenues |
9 M 2018 | % on revenues |
Change % included IFRS 16 |
Change % excluded IFRS 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| REVENUES FROM SALES AND SERVICES (1) |
269,041 | 100.0% | 269,041 | 100.0% | 264,616 | 100.0% | 1.7% | 1.7% |
| Other revenues and income | 6,415 | 2.4% | 6,415 | 2.4% | 3,280 | 1.2% | 95.6% | 95.6% |
| TOTAL REVENUES | 275,456 | 102.4% | 275,456 | 102.4% | 267,896 | 101.2% | 2.8% | 2.8% |
| Changes in inventory | 4,663 | 1.7% | 4,663 | 1.7% | ( 2,237) | (0.8%) | (308.5%) | (308.5%) |
| Costs of raw materials, cons. and goods for resale | ( 90,733) | (33.7%) | ( 90,733) | (33.7%) | ( 82,998) | (31.4%) | 9.3% | 9.3% |
| Costs of services | ( 79,826) | (29.7%) | ( 79,826) | (29.7%) | ( 73,167) | (27.7%) | 9.1% | 9.1% |
| Costs for use of third parties assets | ( 7,036) | (2.6%) | ( 19,339) | (7.2%) | ( 19,448) | (7.3%) | (63.8%) | (0.6%) |
| Labour costs | ( 53,267) | (19.8%) | ( 53,267) | (19.8%) | ( 50,404) | (19.0%) | 5.7% | 5.7% |
| Other operating expenses | ( 3,167) | (1.2%) | ( 3,167) | (1.2%) | ( 2,520) | (1.0%) | 25.7% | 25.7% |
| Total Operating Costs | ( 229,365) | (85.3%) | ( 241,668) | (89.8%) | ( 230,775) | (87.2%) | (0.6%) | 4.7% |
| GROSS OPERATING MARGIN (EBITDA) (2) |
46,091 | 17.1% | 33,788 | 12.6% | 37,122 | 14.0% | 24.2% | (9.0%) |
| Amortisation of intangible fixed assets | ( 3,492) | (1.3%) | ( 5,049) | (1.9%) | ( 4,828) | (1.8%) | (27.7%) | 4.6% |
| Depreciation of tangible fixed assets | ( 3,931) | (1.5%) | ( 3,931) | (1.5%) | ( 3,876) | (1.5%) | 1.4% | 1.4% |
| Depreciation of right-of-use assets | ( 12,472) | (4.6%) | - | 0.0% | - | 0.0% | n.a | n.a |
| Revaluations / (write-downs) and provisions | ( 185) | (0.1%) | ( 185) | (0.1%) | ( 720) | (0.3%) | (74.2%) | (74.2%) |
| Total Amortisation, write-downs and provisions | ( 20,080) | (7.5%) | ( 9,166) | (3.4%) | ( 9,424) | (3.6%) | 113.1% | (2.7%) |
| NET OPERATING PROFIT / LOSS (EBIT) | 26,011 | 9.7% | 24,622 | 9.2% | 27,698 | 10.5% | (6.1%) | (11.1%) |
| Financial income | 805 | 0.3% | 805 | 0.3% | 480 | 0.2% | 67.9% | 67.9% |
| Financial expenses | ( 1,093) | (0.4%) | ( 1,093) | (0.4%) | ( 1,170) | (0.4%) | (6.6%) | (6.6%) |
| Financial expenses on right-of-use asset | ( 1,635) | (0.6%) | - | 0.0% | - | 0.0% | n.a | n.a |
| Total Financial Income/(expenses) | ( 1,922) | (0.7%) | ( 287) | (0.1%) | ( 690) | (0.3%) | 178.4% | (58.4%) |
| PROFIT / LOSS BEFORE TAXES | 24,088 | 9.0% | 24,335 | 9.0% | 27,007 | 10.2% | (10.8%) | (9.9%) |
| Total Income Taxes | ( 10,513) | (3.9%) | ( 10,582) | (3.9%) | ( 9,989) | (3.8%) | 5.2% | 5.9% |
| NET PROFIT / LOSS | 13,575 | 5.0% | 13,753 | 5.1% | 17,019 | 6.4% | (20.2%) | (19.2%) |
| (Profit) / loss attributable to minority shareholders | ( 346) | (0.1%) | ( 346) | (0.1%) | ( 928) | (0.4%) | (62.7%) | (62.7%) |
| NET PROFIT / LOSS FOR THE GROUP (3) |
13,229 | 4.9% | 13,407 | 5.0% | 16,090 | 6.1% | (17.8%) | (16.7%) |
| Basic earnings per share | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.159 | |||||
| Dilutive earnings per share | 0.131 | 0.131 | 0.159 |
The effects of the application of the new IFRS 16 are as follows:
| (Values in thousands of EUR) | 9 M | IFRS 16 | 9 M | 9 M | Change | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Effects | 2019 | 2018 | % | ||
| Comparable | ||||||
| TOTAL REVENUES | 275,456 | 0 | 275,456 | 267,896 | 7,559 | 2.8% |
| Total Operating Costs | (229,365) | (12,303) | (241,668) | (230,775) | 1,410 | (0.6%) |
| GROSS OPERATING MARGIN (EBITDA) | 46,091 | (12,303) | 33,788 | 37,122 | 8,969 | 24.2% |
| Total Amortisation, write-downs and provisions | (20,080) | 10,914 | (9,166) | (9,424) | (10,656) | 113.1% |
| NET OPERATING PROFIT / LOSS (EBIT) | 26,011 | (1,389) | 24,622 | 27,698 | (1,687) | (6.1%) |
| Total Financial Income / (expenses) | (1,922) | 1,635 | (287) | (690) | (1,232) | 178.4% |
| PROFIT / LOSS BEFORE TAXES | 24,088 | 246 | 24,335 | 27,007 | (2,919) | (10.8%) |
| Taxes | (10,513) | (69) | (10,582) | (9,989) | (524) | 5.2% |
| NET PROFIT / LOSS | 13,575 | 178 | 13,753 | 17,019 | (3,443) | (20.2%) |
| (Values in units of EUR) | Notes | III Q | % on | III Q | % on | Change | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | revenues | 2018 | revenues | ||||
| REVENUES FROM SALES AND SERVICES | (1) | 95,740 | 100.0% | 93,517 | 100.0% | 2,223 | 2.4% |
| Other revenues and income | 2,151 | 2.2% | 973 | 1.0% | 1,178 | 121.0% | |
| TOTAL REVENUES | 97,891 | 102.2% | 94,490 | 101.0% | 3,401 | 3.6% | |
| Changes in inventory | ( 2,870) | (3.0%) | ( 2,163) | (2.3%) | ( 707) | 32.7% | |
| Costs of raw materials, cons. and goods for resale | ( 27,785) | (29.0%) | ( 28,130) | (30.1%) | 345 | (1.2%) | |
| Costs of services | ( 26,176) | (27.3%) | ( 23,890) | (25.5%) | ( 2,286) | 9.6% | |
| Costs for use of third parties assets | ( 2,789) | (2.9%) | ( 6,814) | (7.3%) | 4,025 | (59.1%) | |
| Labour costs | ( 17,387) | (18.2%) | ( 16,568) | (17.7%) | ( 819) | 4.9% | |
| Other operating expenses | ( 1,469) | (1.5%) | ( 772) | (0.8%) | ( 697) | 90.2% | |
| Total Operating Costs | ( 78,475) | (82.0%) | ( 78,337) | (83.8%) | ( 138) | 0.2% | |
| GROSS OPERATING MARGIN (EBITDA) | (2) | 19,416 | 20.3% | 16,153 | 17.3% | 3,263 | 20.2% |
| Amortisation of intangible fixed assets | ( 1,146) | (1.2%) | ( 1,603) | (1.7%) | 457 | (28.5%) | |
| Depreciation of tangible fixed assets | ( 1,369) | (1.4%) | ( 1,347) | (1.4%) | ( 22) | 1.6% | |
| Depreciation of right-of-use assets | ( 4,020) | (4.2%) | - | 0.0% | ( 4,020) | #DIV/0! | |
| Revaluations/(write-downs) and provisions | ( 78) | (0.1%) | ( 50) | (0.1%) | ( 28) | 56.8% | |
| Total Amortisation, write-downs and provisions | ( 6,613) | (6.9%) | ( 3,000) | (3.2%) | ( 3,613) | 120.4% | |
| NET OPERATING PROFIT/LOSS (EBIT) | 12,803 | 13.4% | 13,153 | 14.1% | ( 350) | (2.7%) | |
| Financial income | 564 | 0.6% | 192 | 0.2% | 372 | 193.9% | |
| Financial expenses | ( 350) | (0.4%) | ( 264) | (0.3%) | ( 86) | 32.5% | |
| Financial expenses on right-of-use asset | ( 469) | (0.5%) | - | 0.0% | ( 469) | #DIV/0! | |
| Total Financial Income/(expenses) | ( 254) | (0.3%) | ( 72) | (0.1%) | ( 182) | 253.4% | |
| PROFIT/LOSS BEFORE TAXES | 12,548 | 13.1% | 13,081 | 14.0% | ( 533) | (4.1%) | |
| Taxes | ( 4,255) | (4.4%) | ( 4,422) | (4.7%) | 167 | (3.8%) | |
| NET PROFIT/LOSS | 8,293 | 8.7% | 8,659 | 9.3% | ( 366) | (4.2%) | |
| (Profit)/loss attributable to minority shareholders | ( 179) | (0.2%) | ( 844) | (0.9%) | 665 | (78.7%) | |
| NET PROFIT/LOSS FOR THE GROUP | (3) | 8,114 | 8.5% | 7,815 | 8.4% | 299 | 3.8% |
| (Values in units of EUR) | Notes | 30 September | 31 December 2018 | 31 December 2018 | 30 September |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | Included IFRS 16 | Excluded IFRS 16 | 2018 | ||
| Trade receivables | 49,078,371 | 43,138,560 | 43,138,560 | 48,468,675 | |
| Stocks and inventories Trade payables |
108,750,714 ( 60,534,646) |
104,261,515 ( 76,949,819) |
104,261,515 ( 76,949,819) |
96,556,700 ( 60,750,520) |
|
| Operating net working capital | (4) | 97,294,439 | 70,450,256 | 70,450,256 | 84,274,855 |
| Other short term receivables | 33,299,207 | 34,852,460 | 34,852,460 | 29,426,565 | |
| Tax receivables | 7,949,450 | 7,759,828 | 7,759,828 | 7,668,571 | |
| Derivative assets | 248,570 | 219,632 | 219,632 | - | |
| Other short term liabilities | ( 19,160,565) | ( 21,081,936) | ( 21,081,936) | ( 18,447,355) | |
| Tax payables | ( 6,666,411) | ( 6,452,612) | ( 6,452,612) | ( 12,510,267) | |
| Derivative liabilities | - | - | - | ( 6,315) | |
| Net working capital | 112,964,690 | 85,747,628 | 85,747,628 | 90,406,054 | |
| Tangible fixed assets | 60,904,749 | 60,298,801 | 60,298,801 | 59,641,980 | |
| Intangible fixed assets | 76,926,447 | 80,098,155 | 103,132,467 | 105,331,743 | |
| Right-of-use assets | 123,271,807 | 133,511,706 | - | - | |
| Equity investments | 160,058 | 131,558 | 131,558 | 131,558 | |
| Other fixed assets | 2,607,104 | 2,810,046 | 2,810,046 | 3,138,172 | |
| Fixed assets | (5) | 263,870,165 | 276,850,266 | 166,372,872 | 168,243,453 |
| Post employment benefits | ( 5,100,833) | ( 5,491,570) | ( 5,491,570) | ( 5,665,450) | |
| Provisions | ( 1,801,693) | ( 2,558,544) | ( 2,558,544) | ( 2,519,524) | |
| Assets available for sale | 436,885 | 436,885 | 436,885 | 436,885 | |
| Long term not financial liabilities | ( 683,963) | ( 770,731) | ( 770,731) | ( 695,924) | |
| Deferred tax assets | 16,034,458 | 16,789,691 | 15,073,001 | 15,094,881 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | ( 29,617,996) | ( 30,093,668) | ( 30,093,668) | ( 29,944,589) | |
| NET CAPITAL INVESTED | 356,101,713 | 340,909,957 | 228,715,873 | 235,355,786 | |
| Share capital | 25,288,666 | 25,371,407 | 25,371,407 | 25,371,407 | |
| Other reserves | 128,448,381 | 119,946,675 | 123,799,107 | 123,228,952 | |
| Profits/(Losses) carried-forward | 6,658,422 | ( 1,243,243) | ( 1,287,069) | ( 1,663,268) | |
| Profit/(Loss) of the period | 13,229,073 | 16,726,101 | 16,726,101 | 16,090,363 | |
| Group interest in shareholders' equity | 173,624,542 | 160,800,940 | 164,609,546 | 163,027,454 | |
| Minority interests in shareholders' equity | 32,612,341 | 32,265,958 | 32,849,847 | 33,235,317 | |
| Total shareholders' equity | (6) | 206,236,883 | 193,066,898 | 197,459,393 | 196,262,771 |
| Short term financial receivables | ( 1,154,686) | ( 1,420,000) | ( 1,420,000) | ( 1,420,000) | |
| Cash | ( 24,644,898) | ( 28,037,213) | ( 28,037,213) | ( 28,444,400) | |
| Long term financial liabilities | 16,470,516 | 16,408,975 | 16,408,975 | 15,620,442 | |
| Long term financial receivables | ( 2,295,895) | ( 2,302,096) | ( 2,302,096) | ( 2,270,726) | |
| Short term financial liabilities | 53,812,179 | 46,606,814 | 46,606,814 | 55,607,699 | |
| NET FINANCIAL POSITION WITHOUT IFRS 16 EFFECTS | (7) | 42,187,216 | 31,256,480 | 31,256,480 | 39,093,015 |
| Short term lease liabilities | 14,606,240 | 13,691,310 | - | - | |
| Long term lease liabilities | 93,071,374 | 102,895,269 | - | - | |
| NET FINANCIAL POSITION | 149,864,830 | 147,843,059 | 31,256,480 | 39,093,015 | |
| SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY AND NET FINANCIAL INDEBTEDNESS | 356,101,713 | 340,909,957 | 228,715,873 | 235,355,786 |
| (Values in thousands of EUR) | Notes | 9 M | 9 M |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 2018 | ||
| OPENING BALANCE | 28,037 | 22,809 | |
| Profit / loss before taxes | 24,088 | 27,007 | |
| Amortisation / write-downs | 19,895 | 9,275 | |
| Accrual (+) / availment (-) of long term provisions and post employment benefits | ( 1,148) | ( 146) | |
| Paid income taxes | ( 10,036) | ( 2,341) | |
| Financial income (-) and financial charges (+) | 1,922 | 690 | |
| Change in operating assets and liabilities | ( 27,664) | ( 18,058) | |
| CASH FLOW (ABSORBED) / GENERATED BY OPERATING ACTIVITY | 7,057 | 16,427 | |
| Increase (-) / decrease (+) in intangible fixed assets | ( 1,416) | ( 1,030) | |
| Increase (-) / decrease (+) in tangible fixed assets | ( 4,537) | ( 4,436) | |
| Increase (-)/ decrease (+) in right-of-use assets (1) | ( 1,119) | - | |
| Investments and write-downs (-)/ Disinvestments and revaluations (+) | ( 28) | - | |
| CASH FLOW (ABSORBED) / GENERATED BY INVESTING ACTIVITY | ( 7,100) | ( 5,466) | |
| Other variations in reserves and profits carried-forward of shareholders'equity | ( 405) | 804 | |
| Dividends paid | - | - | |
| Increase (+) / decrease (-) of financial liabilities | 7,267 | ( 6,186) | |
| Proceeds (+)/ repayment (-) of lease payments (2) | ( 8,763) | - | |
| Increase (-) / decrease (+) of financial receivables | 474 | 746 | |
| Financial income (+) and financial charges (-) | ( 1,922) | ( 690) | |
| CASH FLOW (ABSORBED) / GENERATED BY FINANCING ACTIVITY | ( 3,349) | ( 5,326) | |
| CLOSING BALANCE | 24,645 | 28,444 |
1: cash flow changes on assets for rights of use relating to the application of IFRS 16
2: cash flow changes on lease payables relating to the application of IFRS 16
| (Values in thousands of EUR) | Share capital | Share premium reserve | Cash flow reserve | Other reserves | Fair Value reserve | IAS reserve | Profits/(Losses) carried forward |
Reamisurement of defined benefit plans reserve |
Net profit / loss for the Group | Translation reserve | shareholders' equity Group interest in |
Minority interests in shareholders' equity |
Total shareholders' equity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At December 31, 2018 | 25,371 | 71,240 | 158 | 35,967 | 7,901 | 11,459 | ( 1,286) ( 1,095) 16,726 ( 1,832) | 164,609 | 32,850 | 197,459 | |||
| Effects deriving from the application of IFRS 16 | ( 3,808) | ( 3,808) | ( 584) | ( 4,392) | |||||||||
| At January 1, 2019 | 25,371 | 71,240 | 158 | 35,967 | 7,901 | 7,651 | ( 1,286) ( 1,095) 16,726 ( 1,832) | 160,801 | 32,266 | 193,067 | |||
| Allocation of 31/12/18 profit/(loss) | - | - | - | 8,781 | - | - | 7,945 | - | ( 16,726) | - | - | - | - |
| Dividends paid | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Treasury stock (buy-back)/ sale | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Total comprehensive income/(loss) at 30/09/19 | - | - | 20 | - | - | - | - | - | 13,229 | 94 | 13,343 | 346 | 13,689 |
| Other changes | ( 82) | ( 437) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ( 519) | - | ( 519) |
| At September 30, 2019 | 25,289 | 70,803 | 178 | 44,748 | 7,901 | 7,651 | 6,659 | ( 1,095) 13,229 ( 1,738) | 173,625 | 32,612 | 206,237 | ||
| (Values in thousands of EUR) | Share capital | Share premium reserve | Cash flow reserve | Other reserves | Fair Value reserve | IAS reserve | Profits/(Losses) carried forward |
Reamisurement of defined benefit plans reserve |
Net profit / loss for the Group | Translation reserve | shareholders' equity Group interest in |
Minority interests in shareholders' equity |
Total shareholders' equity |
| At December 31, 2017 | 25,371 | 71,240 | - | 29,150 | 7,901 | 11,459 | ( 6,957) ( 1,173) 11,490 ( 2,348) | 146,133 | 32,307 | 178,440 | |||
| Effects deriving from the application of IFRS 9 | ( 621) | 621 | - | - | |||||||||
| At January 1, 2018 | 25,371 | 71,240 | ( 621) | 29,150 | 7,901 | 11,459 | ( 6,336) ( 1,173) 11,490 ( 2,348) | 146,133 | 32,307 | 178,440 | |||
| Allocation of 31/12/17 profit/(loss) | - | - | - | 6,817 | - | - | 4,673 | - | ( 11,490) | - | - | - | - |
| Dividends paid Treasury stock (buy-back)/ sale |
- - |
- - |
- | - - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
- - |
| Total comprehensive income/(loss) at 30/09/18 | - | - | 617 | - | - | - | - | - | 16,090 | 188 | 16,895 | 928 | 17,823 |
| Other changes | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
In the first nine months of 2019, revenues from sales and services are equal to EUR 269,041 thousand with an increase of 1.7%, at current exchange rates and +1.4% at constant exchange rates, compared to EUR 264,616 thousand in the first nine months of 2018.
In the first nine months of 2019 consolidated EBITDA, excluding the application of the IFRS 16 (EUR 12,303 thousand), is equal to EUR 33,788 thousand (with an incidence of 12.6% of consolidated sales), compared to EUR 37,122 thousand in the first nine months of 2018 (with an incidence of 14.0% of total sales), recording a reduction of EUR 3,334 thousand (-9.0%).
At 30 September 2019, operating net working capital amounts to EUR 97,294 thousand (27.7% of LTM sales) compared to EUR 84,275 thousand at 30 September 2018 (24.6% of LTM sales).
The net financial position, excluding the application of IFRS 16 (EUR 107,678 thousand) increases by EUR 3,094 thousand, rising from EUR 39,093 thousand at September 30, 2018 to EUR 42,187 thousand at September 30, 2019.
In the first nine months of 2019, revenues from sales and services are equal to EUR 269,041 thousand with an increase of 1.7%, at current exchange rates and +1.4% at constant exchange rates, compared to EUR 264,616 thousand in the first nine months of 2018.
| (Values in thousands of EUR) | 9 M | 9 M | Change | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | % | 2018 | % | Δ | % | ||
| Alberta Ferretti | 20,979 | 7.8% | 25,057 | 9.5% | ( 4,078) | (16.3%) | |
| Philosophy | 14,325 | 5.3% | 14,670 | 5.5% | ( 345) | (2.4%) | |
| Moschino | 199,399 | 74.1% | 189,997 | 71.8% | 9,402 | 4.9% | |
| Pollini | 27,312 | 10.2% | 27,157 | 10.3% | 155 | 0.6% | |
| Other | 7,026 | 2.6% | 7,735 | 2.9% | ( 709) | (9.2%) | |
| Total | 269,041 | 100.0% | 264,616 | 100.0% | 4,425 | 1.7% |
In the first nine months of 2019, Alberta Ferretti brand decreases by 16.3% (-16.6% at constant exchange rates), generating 7.8% of consolidated sales, while Philosophy brand decreases by 2.4% (-3.0% at constant exchange rates), generating 5.3% of consolidated sales.
In the same period, Moschino brand sales increase by 4.9% (+4.8% at constant exchange rates) contributing to 74.1% of consolidated sales.
Pollini brand increases by 0.6% (+0.4% at constant exchange rates), generating 10.2% of consolidated sales, while the other brands sales decrease by 9.2% (-10.3% at constant exchange rates) contributing to 2.6% of consolidated sales.
| (Values in thousands of EUR) | 9 M | 9 M | Change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | % | 2018 | % | Δ | % | |
| Italy | 125,195 | 46.5% | 128,923 | 48.7% | ( 3,728) | (2.9%) |
| Europe (Italy excluded) | 62,334 | 23.2% | 60,965 | 23.0% | 1,369 | 2.2% |
| Asia and Rest of the World | 67,464 | 25.1% | 61,398 | 23.2% | 6,066 | 9.9% |
| America | 14,048 | 5.2% | 13,330 | 5.0% | 718 | 5.4% |
| Total | 269,041 | 100.0% | 264,616 | 100.0% | 4,425 | 1.7% |
In the first nine months of 2019 sales in Italy, amounting to 46.5% of consolidated sales, register a negative trend decreasing by 2.9% to EUR 125,195 thousand.
Sales in Europe, that amount to EUR 62,334 thousand, increase by 2.2% (+2.2% at constant exchange rates), contributing to 23.2% of consolidated sales, growth mostly driven by good performance in the UK and Germany.
In Asia and Rest of the World, sales are equal to EUR 67,764 thousand, contributing to 25.1% of consolidated sales, with an increase of 9.9% (+9.9% at constant exchange rates) compared to the corresponding period of 2018, mainly thanks to the excellent trend in Far East, that increased by 13.8%.
Sales in the United States are equal to EUR 14,048 thousand, contributing to 5.2% of consolidated sales, posting in the period an increase of 5.4% (+0.4% at constant exchange rates).
| (Values in thousands of EUR) | 9 M | 9 M | Change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | % | 2018 | % | Δ | % | |
| Wholesale | 187,575 | 69.7% | 190,440 | 72.0% | ( 2,865) | (1.5%) |
| Retail | 71,608 | 26.6% | 65,670 | 24.8% | 5,938 | 9.0% |
| Royalties | 9,858 | 3.7% | 8,506 | 3.2% | 1,352 | 15.9% |
| Total | 269,041 | 100.0% | 264,616 | 100.0% | 4,425 | 1.7% |
By distribution channel in the first nine months of 2019, wholesale sales decrease by 1.5% (-1.8% at constant exchange rates) contributing to 69.7% of consolidated sales.
Sales of our directly-operated stores (retail channel) amount to EUR 71,608 thousand with an increase of 9.0% (+8.8% at constant exchange rates) contributing to 26.6% of consolidated sales.
Royalty income is 15.9% higher than in the corresponding period of the previous year, representing 3.7% of consolidated sales.
In the third quarter of 2019, revenues from sales and services are equal to EUR 95,740 thousand with an increase of 2.4% compared with EUR 93,516 thousand in the third quarter of 2018.
| Sales by brand | |
|---|---|
| ---------------- | -- |
| (Values in thousands of EUR) | III Q | III Q | Change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | % | 2018 | % | Δ | % | |
| Alberta Ferretti | 6,747 | 7.0% | 8,104 | 8.7% | ( 1,357) | (16.7%) |
| Philosophy | 5,389 | 5.6% | 5,109 | 5.5% | 280 | 5.5% |
| Moschino | 69,323 | 72.4% | 67,688 | 72.4% | 1,635 | 2.4% |
| Pollini | 10,851 | 11.3% | 10,036 | 10.7% | 815 | 8.1% |
| Other | 3,430 | 3.7% | 2,579 | 2.7% | 851 | 33.0% |
| Total | 95,740 | 100.0% | 93,516 | 100.0% | 2,224 | 2.4% |
In the third quarter of 2019, Alberta Ferretti brand decreases by 16.7% generating 7.0% of consolidated sales, while Philosophy brand increases by 5.5% generating 5.6% of consolidated sales.
In the same period, Moschino brand sales increase by 2.4% contributing to 72.4% of consolidated sales.
Pollini brand increases by 8.1% generating 11.3% of consolidated sales, while the other brands sales increase by 33.0% contributing to 3.7% of consolidated sales.
| (Values in thousands of EUR) | III Q | III Q | Change | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | % | 2018 | % | Δ | % | ||
| Italy | 45,059 | 47.1% | 47,753 | 51.1% | ( 2,694) | (5.6%) | |
| Europe (Italy excluded) | 23,679 | 24.7% | 19,655 | 21.0% | 4,024 | 20.5% | |
| Asia and Rest of the World | 21,936 | 22.9% | 21,780 | 23.3% | 156 | 0.7% | |
| America | 5,066 | 5.3% | 4,328 | 4.6% | 738 | 17.1% | |
| Total | 95,740 | 100.0% | 93,516 | 100.0% | 2,224 | 2.4% |
In the third quarter of 2019 sales in Italy decrease by 5.6% to EUR 45,059 thousand, contributing to 47.1% of consolidated sales.
Sales in Europe increase by 20.5% contributing to 24.7% of consolidated sales.
In Asia and Rest of the World, sales are equal to EUR 21,936 thousand with an increase of 0.7% and a contribution of 22.9% of consolidated sales.
Sales in America are equal to EUR 5,066 thousand, contributing to 5.3% of consolidated sales, with an increase of 17.1%.
| (Values in thousands of EUR) | III Q | III Q | Change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | % | 2018 | % | Δ | % | |
| Wholesale | 66,648 | 69.6% | 66,551 | 71.2% | 97 | 0.1% |
| Retail | 25,433 | 26.6% | 23,489 | 25.1% | 1,944 | 8.3% |
| Royalties | 3,659 | 3.8% | 3,476 | 3.7% | 183 | 5.3% |
| Total | 95,740 | 100.0% | 93,516 | 100.0% | 2,224 | 2.4% |
By distribution channel in the third quarter of 2019, wholesale sales increase by 0.1% contributing to 69.6% of consolidated sales.
Sales of our directly-operated stores (retail channel) amount to EUR 25,433 thousand with an increase of 8.3% contributing to 26.6% of consolidated sales.
Royalty income is 5.3% higher than in the corresponding period of the previous year, representing 3.8% of consolidated sales.
In the first nine months of 2019 consolidated EBITDA is equal to EUR 46,091 thousand (with an incidence of 17.1% of consolidated sales), compared to EUR 37,122 thousand in the first nine months of 2018 (14.0% of total sales), recording an increase in profitability equal to EUR 8,969 thousand (+24.2%). The increase in EBITDA is mainly related to the application of IFRS 16. The application of the new standard has led to the cancellation of operating lease instalments recognized as costs for services that will be re-allocated to depreciation of the rights to use assets and charges financial related to the valuation of the amortized cost of the financial debt of the lease. The cumulative effect deriving from the application of IFRS 16 is equal to EUR 12,303 thousand.
EBITDA of the prêt-à-porter division is equal to EUR 33,392 thousand (representing the 16.6% of sales) compared to EUR 26,044 thousand in the first nine months of 2018 (representing the 12.8% of sales), recording an increase of EUR 7,348 thousand of which EUR 11,261 thousand deriving from the application of IFRS 16.
EBITDA of the Footwear and leather goods division amounts to EUR 12,699 thousand (13.1% of sales) compared to EUR 11,078 thousand in the first nine months of 2018 (12.5% of sales), with a EUR 1,621 thousand increase of which EUR 1,041 thousand deriving from the application of IFRS 16.
In the third quarter of 2019 consolidated EBITDA is EUR 19,416 thousand (with an incidence of 20.3% of consolidated sales), showing an increase of profitability compared to EUR 16,153 thousand in the third quarter of 2018, (with an incidence of 17.3% of consolidated sales).
The Group posts a Net Profit of EUR 13,229 thousand, compared to the net profit of EUR 16,090 thousand in the first nine months of 2018, with a EUR 2,861 thousand decrease.
It should be noted that the effect deriving from the application of IFRS 16 is equal to EUR -178 thousand.
In the third quarter of 2019 Group records a net profit of EUR 8,114 thousand showing an increase compared to a net profit of EUR 7,815 thousand in the third quarter of 2018.
It should be noted that the effect deriving from the application of IFRS 16 is equal to EUR -53 thousand.
At international level, the Group is divided into two main business sectors:
The following tables indicate the main economic data for the first nine months of 2019 and 2018 of the Prêtà porter and Footwear and leather goods Divisions.
| (Values in thousand of EUR) | Prêt-à porter Division Footwear and leather | Elimination of | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9M 2019 | goods Division | intercompany | ||
| transactions | ||||
| SECTOR REVENUES | 200,952 | 96,735 | ( 28,646) | 269,041 |
| Intercompany revenues | ( 8,466) | ( 20,180) | 28,646 | - |
| Revenues with third parties | 192,486 | 76,555 | - | 269,041 |
| Gross operating margin (EBITDA) | 33,392 | 12,699 | - | 46,091 |
| Amortisation | ( 16,919) | ( 2,976) | - | ( 19,895) |
| Other non monetary items: | ||||
| Revaluations / write-downs | - | ( 185) | ( 185) | |
| Net operating profit / loss (EBIT) | 16,473 | 9,538 | - | 26,011 |
| Financial income | 308 | 632 | ( 135) | 805 |
| Financial expenses | ( 2,294) | ( 569) | 135 | ( 2,728) |
| Profit / loss before taxes | 14,487 | 9,601 | - | 24,088 |
| Income taxes | ( 7,778) | ( 2,735) | - | ( 10,513) |
| Net profit / loss | 6,709 | 6,866 | - | 13,575 |
| (Values in thousand of EUR) | Prêt-à porter Division Footwear and leather | Elimination of | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9M 2019 excluded IFRS 16 | goods Division | intercompany | ||
| Ricavi di settore | 200,952 | 96,735 | transactions ( 28,646) |
269,041 |
| Ricavi infradivisione | ( 8,466) | ( 20,180) | 28,646 | - |
| Ricavi da clienti terzi | 192,486 | 76,555 | - | 269,041 |
| Margine operativo lordo (EBITDA) | 22,131 | 11,658 | - | 33,788 |
| Ammortamenti | ( 6,909) | ( 2,072) | - | ( 8,981) |
| Altre voci non monetarie: | ||||
| Rivalutazioni/Svalutazioni | - | ( 185) | ( 185) | |
| Margine operativo (EBIT) | 15,222 | 9,401 | - | 24,622 |
| Proventi finanziari | 308 | 632 | ( 135) | 805 |
| Oneri finanziari | ( 783) | ( 445) | 135 | ( 1,093) |
| Risultato ante imposte | 14,747 | 9,588 | - | 24,334 |
| Imposte sul reddito | ( 7,850) | ( 2,731) | - | ( 10,582) |
| Risultato netto | 6,896 | 6,856 | - | 13,753 |
| (Values in thousand of EUR) | Prêt-à porter Division Footwear and leather | Elimination of | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| goods Division | intercompany | |||
| 9M 2018 | transactions | |||
| SECTOR REVENUES | 202,957 | 88,651 | ( 26,992) | 264,616 |
| Intercompany revenues | ( 6,745) | ( 20,247) | 26,992 | - |
| Revenues with third parties | 196,212 | 68,404 | - | 264,616 |
| Gross operating margin (EBITDA) | 26,044 | 11,078 | - | 37,122 |
| Amortisation | ( 6,580) | ( 2,124) | - | ( 8,704) |
| Other non monetary items: | ||||
| Revaluations / write-downs | ( 551) | ( 169) | ( 720) | |
| Net operating profit / loss (EBIT) | 18,913 | 8,785 | - | 27,698 |
| Financial income | 257 | 373 | ( 150) | 480 |
| Financial expenses | ( 818) | ( 502) | 150 | ( 1,170) |
| Profit / loss before taxes | 18,352 | 8,656 | - | 27,008 |
| Income taxes | ( 7,167) | ( 2,822) | - | ( 9,989) |
| Net profit / loss | 11,185 | 5,834 | - | 17,019 |
In the first nine months of 2019, revenues of the prêt-à-porter division decrease by 1% to EUR 200,952 thousand.
EBITDA of the prêt-à-porter division, in the first nine months of 2019 (excluding the application of the IFRS16 equal to EUR 11,261 thousand) is EUR 22,131 thousand (representing 11.0% of consolidated sales) compared to an EBITDA of EUR 26,044 thousand in the first nine months of 2018 (representing 12.8% of consolidated sales), showing a decrease of EUR 3,913.
Revenues of the footwear and leather goods division increase by 9.1% from EUR 88,651 thousand in the first nine months of 2018 to EUR 96,735 thousand in the first nine months of 2019.
EBITDA of the Footwear and leather goods division (excluding the application of the IFRS16 equal to EUR 1,041 thousand) amounts to EUR 11,658 thousand (12.1% of sales) compared to EUR 11,078 thousand in the first nine months of 2018 (12.5% of sales), with a EUR 580 thousand increase.
The following tables indicate the main economic data for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018 of the Prêt-à porter and Footwear and leather goods Divisions.
| (Values in thousand of EUR) | Prêt-à porter Division Footwear and leather | Elimination of | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| III Q 2019 | goods Division | intercompany transactions |
||
| SECTOR REVENUES | 68,719 | 36,037 | ( 9,016) | 95,740 |
| Intercompany revenues | ( 3,263) | ( 5,753) | 9,016 | - |
| Revenues with third parties | 65,456 | 30,284 | 95,740 | |
| Gross operating margin (EBITDA) | 13,418 | 5,998 | 19,416 | |
| Amortisation | ( 5,537) | ( 998) | ( 6,535) | |
| Other non monetary items: | ||||
| Revaluations / write-downs | ( 78) | ( 78) | ||
| Net operating profit / loss (EBIT) | 7,881 | 4,922 | 12,803 | |
| Financial income | 138 | 466 | ( 40) | 564 |
| Financial expenses | ( 737) | ( 122) | 40 | ( 819) |
| Profit / loss before taxes | 7,282 | 5,266 | 12,548 | |
| Income taxes | ( 2,749) | ( 1,506) | ( 4,255) | |
| Net profit / loss | 4,533 | 3,760 | 8,293 | |
| (Values in thousand of EUR) | Prêt-à porter Division Footwear and leather | Elimination of | Total | |
| III Q 2018 | goods Division | intercompany | ||
| transactions | ||||
| SECTOR REVENUES | 71,248 | 30,508 | ( 8,240) | 93,516 |
| Intercompany revenues | ( 2,438) | ( 5,802) | 8,240 | - |
| Revenues with third parties | 68,810 | 24,706 | 93,516 | |
| Gross operating margin (EBITDA) | 11,728 | 4,425 | 16,153 | |
| Amortisation | ( 2,239) | ( 711) | ( 2,950) | |
| Other non monetary items: | ||||
| Revaluations / write-downs | 20 | ( 70) | ( 50) | |
| Net operating profit / loss (EBIT) Financial income |
9,509 88 |
3,644 154 |
( 49) | 13,153 193 |
| ( 217) | ( 96) | 49 | ( 264) | |
| Financial expenses Profit / loss before taxes |
9,380 | 3,702 | 13,082 | |
| Income taxes | ( 3,300) | ( 1,124) | ( 4,424) |
At 30 September 2019, operating net working capital amounts to EUR 97,294 thousand (27.7% of LTM sales) compared to EUR 84,275 thousand at 30 September 2018 (24.6% of sales).
The change in fixed assets, that increases from EUR 166,373 thousand at 31 December 2018 to EUR 263,870 thousand at 30 September 2019, is attributable to the application of IFRS 16 with the recording of rights to use assets. In addition, in the 2019 financial year following the application of IFRS 16, the amortization plan for the Key Money was modified, making them part of the rights to use assets as they represent the initial direct costs of the lessee. The effect of the application of IFRS 16 is equal to Euro 101,379 thousand, while that of the reclassification of Key Money is equal to Euro 23,004 thousand.
Changes in shareholders' equity are presented in tables at page 15.
The increase in the net financial position relates to the application of IFRS 16, which weighed EUR 107,678 thousand. Without considering the effect of the application of the new standard, the net financial position increases by EUR 3,094 thousand, from EUR 39,093 thousand at September 30, 2018 to EUR 42,187 thousand at September 30, 2019.
The effects of the application of the new IFRS 16 are shown below
| (Values in thousands of EUR) | 30 September | IFRS 16 | 30 September | 31 December | 30 September | Change | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 2018 | 2018 | on December | on September | |||
| 2019 | Effects | comparable | 2018 | 2018 | |||
| Short term financial receivables | (1,155) | (1,155) | (1,420) | (1,420) | 265 | 265 | |
| Cash | (24,645) | (24,645) | (28,037) | (28,444) | 3,392 | 3,800 | |
| Long term financial liabilities | 16,471 | 16,471 | 16,409 | 15,620 | 62 | 850 | |
| Long term financial receivables | (2,296) | (2,296) | (2,302) | (2,271) | 6 | (25) | |
| Short term financial liabilities | 53,812 | 53,812 | 46,607 | 55,608 | 7,205 | (1,796) | |
| Short term lease liabilities (IFRS 16) | 14,606 | 14,606 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Long term lease liabilities (IFRS 16) | 93,071 | 93,071 | - | - | - | - | - |
| NET FINANCIAL POSITION | 149,865 | 107,678 | 42,187 | 31,256 | 39,093 | 10,931 | 3,094 |
The calculation of basic and dilutive earnings per share is based on the following elements:
| (Values in thousands of EUR) | 30 September | 30 September |
|---|---|---|
| From continuing and discontinued activities | 2019 | 2018 |
| Earnings for determining basic earnings per share | 13,229 | 16,090 |
| Dilutive effects | - | - |
| Earnings for determing dilutive earnings per share | 13,229 | 16,090 |
| (Values in thousands of EUR) | 30 September | 30 September |
|---|---|---|
| From continuing activities | 2019 | 2018 |
| Earnings for the period | 13,229 | 16,090 |
| Earnings from discontinued operations | - | - |
| Earnings for determining basic earnings per share | 13,229 | 16,090 |
| Dilutive effects | - | - |
| Earnings for determing dilutive earnings per share | 13,229 | 16,090 |
In both periods, September 2019 and September 2018, there is no evidence of dilution of consolidated net earnings.
| 30 September | 30 September | |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 2018 | |
| Average number of shares for determing earnings per share | 101,155 | 101,486 |
| Share options | - | - |
| Average number of shares for determing diluted earnings per share |
101,155 | 101,486 |
Group net earnings attributable to holders of ordinary shares of parent company AEFFE S.p.A., amounts to EUR 13,229 thousand (September 2018: EUR 16,0990 thousand).
The calculation of diluted earnings per share for the period January - September 2019, matches with the calculation of basic earnings per share, as there are no tools with potential dilutive effects.
After the 30 September 2019 no significant events regarding the Group's activities have to be reported.
In an uncertain market environment, characterized by turbulence in markets of importance for us, we positively evaluate the results of the first nine months and we believe that the investment plan implemented since last year across R&D, production and marketing departments will contribute to strengthen the strategic positioning of our brands at international level.
Pursuant to Consob communication n. DEM/6064293 dated 28 July 2006, it is confirmed that during the first nine months of 2019, the Group did not enter into any atypical and/or unusual transactions, as defined in that communication.
During the first nine months of 2019 no significant non-recurring events and transaction have been realized.
The executive responsible for preparing the company's accounting documentation Marcello Tassinari declares, pursuant to paragraph 2 of art. 154b of the Consolidated Finance Law, that the accounting information contained in this document agrees with the underlying documentation, records and accounting entries.
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