Earnings Release • Jul 26, 2022
Earnings Release
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30 AVENUE MONTAIGNE PARIS 75008
Paris, July 26, 2022
The Christian Dior group recorded revenue of €36.7 billion in the first half of 2022, up 28% compared to the same period in 2021. Organic revenue growth was 21%. All business groups achieved double-digit organic revenue growth over the period.
In the second quarter, revenue increased by 27% against a particularly high basis of comparison. Organic revenue growth was 19%, in line with trends seen in the first quarter. Europe and the United States have been up sharply since the start of the year, while Asia saw a lower level of growth due to the new health restrictions in China.
Profit from recurring operations was up 34% at €10 232 million for the first half of 2022. Operating margin reached 27.9% of revenue, up 1.3 points compared to the first half of 2021. Group share of net profit was €2 678 million, up 24% compared to the first half of 2021.
Highlights of the first half of 2022 include:
| Euro millions | First half 2021* |
First half 2022 |
% change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 28 665 | 36 729 | + 28 % |
| Profit from recurring operations | 7 612 | 10 232 | + 34 % |
| Group share of net profit | 2 169 | 2 678 | + 24 % |
| Operating free cash flow | 5 290 | 4 043 | - 24 % |
| Net financial debt | 15 349 | 10 885 | - 29 % |
| Total equity | 40 128 | 50 324 | + 25% |
| First half | First half | % change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Euro millions | 2021* | 2022 | Reported | Organic** | |
| Wines & Spirits | 2 705 | 3 327 | + 23 % | + 14 % | |
| Fashion & Leather Goods | 13 863 | 18 136 | + 31 % | + 24 % | |
| Perfumes & Cosmetics | 3 025 | 3 618 | + 20 % | + 13 % | |
| Watches & Jewelry | 4 023 | 4 909 | + 22 % | + 16 % | |
| Selective Retailing | 5 085 | 6 630 | + 30 % | + 22 % | |
| Other activities and eliminations | (36) | 109 | - | - | |
| Total | 28 665 | 36 729 | + 28 % | + 21 % |
| Euro millions | First half 2021* |
First half 2022 |
% change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wines & Spirits | 924 | 1 154 | + 25 % |
| Fashion & Leather Goods | 5 660 | 7 509 | + 33 % |
| Perfumes & Cosmetics | 393 | 388 | - 1 % |
| Watches & Jewelry | 783 | 987 | + 26 % |
| Selective Retailing | 131 | 367 | + 181 % |
| Other activities and eliminations | (279) | (173) | - |
| Total | 7 612 | 10 232 | + 34 % |
* The financial statements as of June 30, 2021 have been restated to reflect the purchase price allocation of Tiffany.
** With comparable structure and constant exchange rates. The structural impact for the Group compared to the first half of 2021 was zero and the currency effect was +7 %.
The Wines & Spirits business group recorded organic revenue growth of 14% in the first half of 2022. Profit from recurring operations was up 25% compared to the first half of 2021. Against a backdrop of strong demand, champagne volumes were up 16% compared to the first half of 2021, leading to increasing pressure on supplies. Momentum was particularly good in Europe, the United States and Japan. For Hennessy, the impact of health restrictions in China and logistical disruptions in the United States was offset by the strong rebound in the second quarter linked to a catch-up in deliveries to the United States and a firm policy of price increases. Moët Hennessy strengthened its global portfolio of exceptional wines with the signing of an agreement to acquire the Joseph Phelps Vineyards, one of the most renowned wine properties in Napa Valley, California.
The Fashion & Leather Goods business group recorded organic revenue growth of 24% in the first half of 2022. Profit from recurring operations was up 33%. Driven as always by an exceptional creativity and with a major cultural focus, Louis Vuitton had an excellent first half across all its business activities and maintained its profitability at an exceptional level. Nicolas Ghesquière presented, for the first time at the Musée d'Orsay, his Women's Autumn-Winter 2022 collection and chose the Salk Institute in San Diego, California, for his 2023 Cruise show. Remarkable renovations continue to be made to the store network, for example in Lille, where Louis Vuitton Maison has reopened in the iconic L'Huîtrière (Oyster House). Maintaining its commitment to the development of high-quality craftsmanship and artisanal excellence, the Maison inaugurated two new workshops in France, including one for precious leathers in Vendôme. Christian Dior continued to enjoy remarkable growth in all its product categories. The latest fashion shows in Seville and Paris, which highlighted the inspiring collections of Maria Grazia Chiuri, were very well received. After three years of renovations, the historic birthplace of the Maison at 30 Avenue Montaigne in Paris reopened, celebrating its excellent know-how, its passion for couture, its elegance and culture, and offering a new holistic experience unique to Dior. Fendi recorded solid growth, driven by the success of the Kim Jones collections. Celine saw very strong growth resulting from the remarkable success of the readyto-wear and leather goods created by Hedi Slimane, notably with the new line of high-end leather goods for its Triomphe and 16 collections. Loewe continued to show excellent momentum under the impetus of the bold creativity of J.W.Anderson. Loro Piana and Marc Jacobs also enjoyed an excellent first half of the year.
The Perfumes & Cosmetics business recorded organic revenue growth of 13% in the first half of 2022. Profit from recurring operations was down 1% due to its highly selective policy in distribution and promotions. Parfums Christian Dior performed remarkably well, strengthening its leadership in all its key markets. Sauvage confirmed its position as the world's leading perfume and the iconic women's fragrances J'adore and Miss Dior saw continued success. Makeup also contributed to the Maison's very good results. Guerlain continued to grow, driven notably by the vitality of its Abeille Royale skincare, its Aqua Allegoria collection and its Parfumerie l'Art et la Matière. Parfums Givenchy benefited from the success of its L'Interdit perfume. Maison Francis Kurkdjian collaborated with the Château de Versailles as part of its patronage supporting the creation of a Jardin du parfumeur.
The Watches & Jewelry business achieved organic revenue growth of 16% in the first half of 2022. Profit from recurring operations was up 26%. In jewelry, Tiffany & Co. enjoyed an excellent half-year, still driven by strong momentum in the United States. The new Knot collection notably benefited from sustained demand, as did the High Jewelry collection Blue Book, which saw record sales. A pop-up store opened on Avenue Montaigne in Paris, offering an immersive experience around the theme of the love story between Paris and Tiffany, while the Saatchi Gallery in London hosted the "Vision & Virtuosity" exhibition, celebrating the Maison's 185th anniversary. At Bulgari, the Serpenti and Bzero1 Classic lines were important growth drivers, while new records were set by the recently launched High Jewelry and High Watchmaking collection Eden: The Garden of Wonders and its watch lines, including the new Octo Finissimo Ultra watch. Chaumet and Fred performed very well over the first half. Chaumet's "Végétal" exhibition at the Palais des Beaux-Arts in Paris has been a great success. Several watchmaking innovations from TAG Heuer, Hublot and Zenith were unveiled at the Watches & Wonders Geneva summit.
In Selective Retailing, revenue was up 22% in the first half of 2022. Profit from recurring operations was up 181%. Sephora enjoyed an excellent performance with a strong rebound in its in-store activity. Momentum was particularly strong in North America, France and the Middle East. Investments in Sephora's omnichannel strategy continued with the aim of continuously improving the purchasing experience of its customers both online and in-store. DFS, for its part, was impacted during the first half by persistent weakness of international travel, notably due to the tightening of health restrictions in China.
Given the current geopolitical environment and taking into account the health situation, The Christian Dior group will maintain a strategy focused on continuously strengthening the desirability of its brands, by relying on the exceptional quality of its products and the excellence of their distribution.
Our strategy of focusing on the highest quality across all of our activities, combined with the dynamism and unparalleled creativity of our teams, will enable us to reinforce Group's global leadership position in luxury goods once again in 2022.
An interim dividend of €5.00 will be paid on Monday, December 5, 2022.
This financial release is available on our website www.dior-finance.com.
"This document may contain certain forward looking statements which are based on estimations and forecasts. By their nature, these forward looking statements are subject to important risks and uncertainties and factors beyond our control or ability to predict, in particular those described in Christian Dior's Annual Report which is available on the website (www.dior-finance.com). These forward looking statements should not be considered as a guarantee of future performance, the actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by them. The forward looking statements only reflect Christian Dior's views as of the date of this document, and Christian Dior does not undertake to revise or update these forward looking statements. The forward looking statements should be used with caution and circumspection and in no event can Christian Dior and its Management be held responsible for any investment or other decision based upon such statements. The information in this document does not constitute an offer to sell or an invitation to buy shares in Christian Dior or an invitation or inducement to engage in any other investment activities."
The condensed consolidated financial statements for the first half of 2022 are included in the PDF version of the press release.
| Revenue first half 2022 (Euro millions) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | Wines & Spirits |
Fashion & Leather Goods |
Perfumes & Cosmetics |
Watches & Jewelry |
Selective Retailing |
Other activities and eliminations |
Total | |
| First quarter | 1 638 | 9 123 | 1 905 | 2 338 | 3 040 | (41) | 18 003 | |
| Second quarter | 1 689 | 9 013 | 1 714 | 2 570 | 3 591 | 149 | 18 726 | |
| First half | 3 327 | 18 136 | 3 618 | 4 909 | 6 630 | 109 | 36 729 |
| 2022 | Wines & Spirits |
Fashion & Leather Goods |
Perfumes & Cosmetics |
Watches & Jewelry |
Selective Retailing |
Other activities and eliminations |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First quarter | + 2 % | + 30 % | + 17 % | + 19 % | + 24 % | - | + 23 % |
| Second quarter | + 30% | + 19 % | + 8 % | + 13 % | + 20 % | - | + 19 % |
| First half | + 14 % | + 24 % | + 13 % | + 16 % | + 22 % | - | + 21 % |
| 2021 | Wines & Spirits |
Fashion & Leather Goods |
Perfumes & Cosmetics |
Watches & Jewelry |
Selective Retailing |
Other activities and eliminations |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First quarter | 1 510 | 6 738 | 1 550 | 1 883 | 2 337 | (59) | 13 959 |
| Second quarter | 1 195 | 7 125 | 1 475 | 2 140 | 2 748 | 23 | 14 706 |
| First half | 2 705 | 13 863 | 3 025 | 4 023 | 5 085 | (36) | 28 665 |
For the purposes of its financial communication, in addition to the accounting aggregates defined by IAS/IFRS, Christian Dior uses alternative performance indicators established in accordance with AMF position DOC-2015-12.
The table below lists these indicators and the reference to their definition and their reconciliation with the aggregates defined by IAS/IFRS standards, in the published documents.
| Indicators Reference to published documents |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Free operating cash- flow | AR (consolidated accounts, consolidated cash flow statement) | ||||||
| Net Financial debt | AR (notes 1.23 and 19 of the appendix to the consolidated accounts) | ||||||
| Gearing | AR (part 2, Comments on the consolidated balance sheet) | ||||||
| Organic Growth | AR (part 1, Comments on the consolidated income statement) |
AR : 2021 Annual Report
This document is a free translation into English of the original French financial release dated July 26th, 2022. It is not a binding document. In the event of a conflict in interpretation, reference should be made to the French version, which is the authentic text.
| (EUR millions, except for earnings per share) | June 30, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | June 30, 2021(a) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 36,729 | 64,215 | 28,665 |
| Cost of sales | (11,418) | (20,355) | (9,107) |
| Gross margin | 25,311 | 43,860 | 19,558 |
| Marketing and selling expenses | (12,700) | (22,306) | (9,807) |
| General and administrative expenses | (2,382) | (4,427) | (2,119) |
| Income/(loss) from joint ventures and associates | 3 | 13 | (21) |
| Profit from recurring operations | 10,232 | 17,139 | 7,612 |
| Other operating income and expenses | (108) | 4 | (34) |
| Operating profit | 10,124 | 17,143 | 7,578 |
| Cost of net financial debt | 3 | 40 | 21 |
| Interest on lease liabilities | (116) | (242) | (127) |
| Other financial income and expenses | (693) | 254 | 117 |
| Net financial income/(expense) | (806) | 52 | 11 |
| Income taxes | (2,403) | (4,531) | (2,025) |
| Net profit before minority interests | 6,915 | 12,664 | 5,564 |
| Minority interests | 4,237 | 7,718 | 3,396 |
| Net profit, Group share | 2,678 | 4,946 | 2,169 |
| Basic Group share of net earnings per share (EUR) | 14.85 | 27.41 | 12.02 |
| Number of shares on which the calculation is based | 180,410,580 | 180,410,580 | 180,410,580 |
| Diluted Group share of net earnings per share (EUR) | 14.85 | 27.40 | 12.01 |
| Number of shares on which the calculation is based | 180,410,580 | 180,410,580 | 180,410,580 |
(a) The financial statements as of June 30, 2021 have been restated to reflect the impact of the final allocation of the purchase price of Tiffany.
| (EUR millions) | June 30, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | June 30, 2021(a) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net profit before minority interests | 6,915 | 12,664 | 5,564 |
| Translation adjustments | 2,205 | 2,178 | 693 |
| Amounts transferred to income statement | (2) | (4) | - |
| Tax impact | (4) | 17 | 1 |
| 2,199 | 2,191 | 694 | |
| Change in value of hedges of future foreign currency cash flows | (220) | 281 | 397 |
| Amounts transferred to income statement | 87 | (303) | (229) |
| Tax impact | 31 | 127 | 89 |
| (102) | 105 | 257 | |
| Change in value of the ineffective portion of hedging instruments | (234) | (375) | (185) |
| Amounts transferred to income statement | 142 | 237 | 104 |
| Tax impact | 14 | 33 | 20 |
| (78) | (105) | (61) | |
| Gains and losses recognized in equity, transferable to income statement | 2,019 | 2,191 | 890 |
| Change in value of vineyard land | - | 52 | - |
| Amounts transferred to consolidated reserves | - | - | - |
| Tax impact | - | (12) | - |
| - | 40 | - | |
| Employee benefit obligations: change in value resulting | |||
| from actuarial gains and losses | 375 | 251 | 100 |
| Tax impact | (93) | (58) | (23) |
| 282 | 193 | 76 | |
| Gains and losses recognized in equity, not transferable | |||
| to income statement | 282 | 233 | 76 |
| Gains and losses recognized in equity | 2,300 | 2,423 | 965 |
| Comprehensive income | 9,216 | 15,087 | 6,530 |
| Minority interests | 5,636 | 9,180 | 3,972 |
| Comprehensive income, Group share | 3,580 | 5,907 | 2,558 |
(a) The financial statements as of June 30, 2021 have been restated to reflect the impact of the final allocation of the purchase price of Tiffany.
(b) As of Dec. 31, 2021, this amount includes 477 million euros relating to foreign exchange hedges implemented in anticipation of the acquisition of Tiffany shares and included in the value of the investment; see Note 2 to the 2021 consolidated financial statement.
| (EUR millions) | June 30, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | June 30, 2021(a) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brands and other intangible assets | 24,563 | 23,684 | 22,477 |
| Goodwill | 24,020 | 24,371 | 24,094 |
| Property, plant and equipment | 20,498 | 19,543 | 18,751 |
| Right-of-use assets | 14,548 | 13,699 | 13,892 |
| Investments in joint ventures and associates | 1,133 | 1,084 | 974 |
| Non-current available for sale financial assets | 1,320 | 1,363 | 980 |
| Other non-current assets | 1,168 | 1,054 | 967 |
| Deferred tax | 3,721 | 3,156 | 2,899 |
| Non-current assets | 90,971 | 87,954 | 85,034 |
| Inventories and work in progress | 18,920 | 16,549 | 15,832 |
| Trade accounts receivable | 4,078 | 3,787 | 2,951 |
| Income taxes | 536 | 338 | 354 |
| Other current assets | 5,926 | 5,606 | 4,067 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 8,079 | 8,122 | 7,374 |
| Current assets | 37,539 | 34,402 | 30,578 |
| Total assets | 128,510 | 122,356 | 115,612 |
| (EUR millions) | June 30, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | June 30, 2021(a) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Equity, Group share | 17,133 | 15,372 | 12,926 |
| Minority interests | 33,191 | 30,995 | 27,202 |
| Equity | 50,324 | 46,367 | 40,128 |
| Long-term borrowings | 10,520 | 12,165 | 12,147 |
| Non-current lease liabilities | 12,612 | 11,887 | 11,998 |
| Non-current provisions and other liabilities | 3,734 | 3,945 | 3,616 |
| Deferred tax | 6,582 | 6,302 | 6,794 |
| Purchase commitments for minority interests' shares | 12,778 | 13,677 | 12,987 |
| Non-current liabilities | 46,226 | 47,976 | 47,542 |
| Short-term borrowings | 11,039 | 8,091 | 12,126 |
| Current lease liabilities | 2,659 | 2,387 | 2,381 |
| Trade accounts payable | 7,569 | 7,086 | 5,661 |
| Income taxes | 1,406 | 1,275 | 986 |
| Current provisions and other liabilities | 9,287 | 9,174 | 6,788 |
| Current liabilities | 31,960 | 28,013 | 27,942 |
| Total liabilities and equity | 128,510 | 122,356 | 115,612 |
(a) The financial statements as of June 30, 2021 have been restated to reflect the impact of the final allocation of the purchase price of Tiffany.
| (EUR millions) | Number | Share of shares capital |
Share premium account |
Christian Dior treasury shares |
Cumulative translation adjustment |
Revaluation reserves | Net profit and other |
Total equity | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Available for sale financial assets |
Hedges of future foreign currency cash flows and cost of hedging |
Vineyard land |
Employee benefit commit ments |
reserves | Group share |
Minority interests |
Total | ||||||
| As of Dec. 31, 2020 | 180,507,516 | 361 | 194 | (17) | (278) | - | (116) | 471 | (86) | 10,740 | 11,270 | 24,974 | 36,244 |
| Gains and losses recognized in equity |
857 | - | 18 | 12 | 74 | - | 961 | 1,462 | 2,423 | ||||
| Net profit | 4,946 | 4,946 | 7,718 | 12,664 | |||||||||
| Comprehensive income | 857 | - | 18 | 12 | 74 | 4,946 | 5,907 | 9,180 | 15,087 | ||||
| Expenses related to bonus share |
52 | 52 | 80 | 132 | |||||||||
| (Acquisition)/disposal of Christian Dior treasury shares |
- | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Capital increase in subsidiaries |
- | - | 12 | 12 | |||||||||
| Interim and final dividends paid |
(1,263) | (1,263) | (2,498) | (3,761) | |||||||||
| Changes in control of consolidated entities |
(18) | (18) | 373 | 355 | |||||||||
| (Acquisition)/ disposal of minority interests' shares |
- | - | - | 1 | - | (568) | (567) | (947) | (1,514) | ||||
| Purchase commitments for minority |
|||||||||||||
| interests' shares | (9) | (9) | (179) | (188) | |||||||||
| As of Dec. 31, 2021 | 180,507,516 | 361 | 194 | (17) | 579 | - | (98) | 484 | (12) | 13,880 | 15,372 | 30,995 | 46,367 |
| Gains and losses recognized in equity |
856 | - | (66) | - | 112 | 902 | 1,399 | 2,301 | |||||
| Net profit | 2,678 | 2,678 | 4,237 | 6,915 | |||||||||
| Comprehensive income Expenses related |
856 | - | (66) | 112 | 2,678 | 3,580 | 5,636 | 9,216 | |||||
| to bonus share (Acquisition)/disposal of Christian Dior treasury shares |
- | 25 - |
25 - |
38 - |
63 - |
||||||||
| Capital increase | |||||||||||||
| in subsidiaries Interim and final dividends paid |
1 (1,263) |
1 (1,263) |
4 (2,355) |
5 (3,618) |
|||||||||
| Changes in control of consolidated entities |
- | - | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| (Acquisition)/ disposal of minority interests' shares |
3 | - | (2) | 2 | 2 | (517) | (512) | (944) | (1,455) | ||||
| Purchase commitments for minority interests' shares |
(70) | (70) | (184) | (254) | |||||||||
| As of june 30, 2022 | 180,507,516 | 361 | 194 | (17) | 1,438 | - | (166) | 486 | 102 | 14,734 | 17,133 | 33,191 50,324 | |
| As of Dec. 31, 2020 | 180,507,516 | 361 | 194 | (17) | (278) | - | (116) | 471 | (86) | 10,740 | 11,270 | 24,974 | 36,244 |
| Gains and losses recognized in equity |
268 | - | 92 | - | 29 | - | 389 | 577 | 966 | ||||
| Net profit | 2,169 | 2,169 | 3,396 | 5,564 | |||||||||
| Comprehensive income | 268 | - | 92 | - | 29 | 2,169 | 2,558 | 3,972 | 6,530 | ||||
| Expenses related to bonus share |
31 | 31 | 47 | 78 | |||||||||
| (Acquisition)/disposal of Christian Dior treasury shares |
- | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Capital increase in subsidiaries |
- | - | 11 | 11 | |||||||||
| Interim and final dividends paid |
(722) | (722) | (1,545) | (2,267) | |||||||||
| Changes in control of consolidated entities |
8 | 8 | 36 | 44 | |||||||||
| (Acquisition)/ disposal of minority interests' shares |
- | - | - | - | - | (217) | (217) | (439) | (656) | ||||
| Purchase commitments for minority interests' shares |
(2) | (2) | 146 | 144 | |||||||||
| As of june 30, 2021(a) | 180,507,516 | 361 | 194 | (17) | (10) | - | (24) | 471 | (56) | 12,008 | 12,926 | 27,202 | 40,128 |
(a) The financial statements as of June 30, 2021 have been restated to reflect the impact of the final allocation of the purchase price of Tiffany.
| (EUR millions) | June 30, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | June 30, 2021(a) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I. OPERATING ACTIVITIES |
|||
| Operating profit | 10,124 | 17,143 | 7,578 |
| (Income)/loss and dividends received from joint ventures and associates | 1 | 41 | 26 |
| Net increase in depreciation, amortization and provisions | 1,556 | 3,136 | 1,379 |
| Depreciation of right-of-use assets | 1,450 | 2,691 | 1,321 |
| Other adjustments and computed expenses | (203) | (400) | (173) |
| Cash from operations before changes in working capital | 12,928 | 22,611 | 10,131 |
| Cost of net financial debt: interest paid | (23) | 68 | 37 |
| Lease liabilities: interest paid | (113) | (231) | (118) |
| Tax paid | (2,638) | (4,239) | (1,593) |
| Change in working capital | (2,891) | 426 | (783) |
| Net cash from operating activities | 7,263 | 18,636 | 7,674 |
| II. INVESTING ACTIVITIES | |||
| Operating investments | (1,882) | (2,664) | (1,181) |
| Purchase and proceeds from sale of consolidated investments | (38) | (13,226) | (12,721) |
| Dividends received | 1 | 10 | 2 |
| Tax paid related to non-current available for sale financial assets | |||
| and consolidated investments | - | - | - |
| Purchase and proceeds from sale of non-current available for sale financial assets | (125) | (99) | (84) |
| Net cash from/(used in) investing activities | (2,044) | (15,979) | (13,984) |
| III. FINANCING ACTIVITIES | |||
| Interim and final dividends paid | (3,861) | (3,967) | (2,321) |
| Purchase and proceeds from sale of minority interests | (1,151) | (1,117) | (448) |
| Other equity-related transactions | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| Proceeds from borrowings | 4,323 | 251 | 168 |
| Repayment of borrowings | (3,267) | (6,763) | (2,554) |
| Repayment of lease liabilities | (1,338) | (2,453) | (1,202) |
| Purchase and proceeds from sale of current available for sale financial assets | (463) | (1,393) | (605) |
| Net cash from/(used in) financing activities | (5,753) | (15,438) | (6,960) |
| IV. EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES | 294 | 498 | 125 |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (I+II+III+IV) | (238) | (12,283) | (13,145) |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 7,918 | 20,201 | 20,201 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | 7,680 | 7,918 | 7,056 |
| Total tax paid | (2,898) | (4,465) | (1,656) |
(a) The financial statements as of June 30, 2021 have been restated to reflect the impact of the final allocation of the purchase price of Tiffany.
The following table presents the reconciliation between "Net cash from operating activities" and "Operating free cash flow" for the periods presented:
| (EUR millions) | June 30, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | June 30, 2021(a) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net cash from operating activities | 7,263 | 18,636 | 7,674 |
| Operating investments | (1,882) | (2,664) | (1,181) |
| Repayment of lease liabilities | (1,338) | (2,453) | (1,202) |
| Operating free cash flow(a) | 4,043 | 13,518 | 5,290 |
(a) The financial statements as of June 30, 2021 have been restated to reflect the impact of the final allocation of the purchase price of Tiffany.
(b) Under IFRS 16, fixed lease payments are treated partly as interest payments and partly as principal repayments. For its own operational management purposes, the Group treats all lease payments as components of its "Operating free cash flow", whether the lease payments made are fixed or variable. In addition, for its own operational management purposes, the Group treats operating investments as components of its "Operating free cash flow".
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