Earnings Release • Jul 23, 2024
Earnings Release
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30 AVENUE MONTAIGNE PARIS 75008
Paris, July 23, 2024
The Christian Dior Group recorded revenue of €41.7 billion in the first half of 2024. Growth continued over the period (2% organic growth) despite a geopolitical and economic environment that remained uncertain. Europe and the United States achieved growth on a constant consolidation scope and currency basis; Japan recorded double-digit revenue growth; the rest of Asia reflected the strong growth in spending by Chinese customers in Europe and Japan. In the second quarter, organic revenue growth was 1%.
Profit from recurring operations for the first half of 2024 came to €10.6 billion, equating to an operating margin of 25.6%, significantly exceeding pre-Covid levels. Exchange rate fluctuations had a substantial negative impact on the half-year period. The Group share of net profit amounted to €3.0 billion.
Highlights of the first half of 2024 included the following:
| In millions of euros | First-half 2023 |
First-half 2024 |
% Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 42 240 |
41 677 |
-1% |
| Profit from recurring operations | 11 571 | 10 649 | -8% |
| Net profit, Group share | 3 512 | 3 023 | -14% |
| Operating free cash flow | 1 798 | 3 128 | +74% |
| Net financial debt | 12 301 | 12 076 | -2% |
| Equity | 57 005 | 63 957 | +12% |
Revenue by business group changed as follows:
| In millions of euros | First-half 2023 |
First-half 2024 |
Reported | % Change Organic* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wines & Spirits | 3 181 |
2 807 |
-12% | -9% |
| Fashion & Leather Goods | 21 162 |
20 771 |
-2% | +1% |
| Perfumes & Cosmetics | 4 028 |
4 136 |
+3% | +6% |
| Watches & Jewelry | 5 427 |
5 150 |
-5% | -3% |
| Selective Retailing | 8 355 |
8 632 |
+3% | +8% |
| Other activities and eliminations |
87 | 181 | - | - |
| Total | 42 240 |
41 677 |
-1% | +2% |
* On a constant consolidation scope and currency basis. For the Group, the impact of changes in scope compared with the first half of 2023 was negligible and the exchange rate impact was -3%.
| In millions of euros | First-half 2023 |
First-half 2024 |
% Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wines & Spirits | 1 046 |
777 | -26% |
| Fashion & Leather Goods | 8 562 |
8 058 |
-6% |
| Perfumes & Cosmetics | 446 | 445 | 0% |
| Watches & Jewelry | 1 089 |
877 | -19% |
| Selective Retailing | 734 | 785 | +7% |
| Other activities and eliminations | (306) | (293) | - |
| Total | 11 571 | 10 649 | -8% |
The Wines & Spirits business group saw a revenue decline (-9% organic) in the first half of 2024. Profit from recurring operations was down 26%. Champagne was down, reflecting the ongoing normalization of post-Covid demand, but remained significantly higher than in 2019. Moreover, the beginning of the year was compared to a good first half of 2023. Hennessy cognac was held back by weak local demand in the Chinese market, while the United States saw a return to growth in sales volumes in the second quarter, in a market that remained cautious. In Provence rosé wines, Château d'Esclans stepped up its international expansion while the prestigious Minuty estate was consolidated for the first time in the accounts.
The Fashion & Leather Goods business group recorded organic revenue growth of 1% in the first half of 2024. Profit from recurring operations was down 6%. The operating margin remained at historically high levels. Louis Vuitton had a good start to the year, once again driven by its successful high-quality strategy. Nicolas Ghesquière's Fall/Winter fashion show was the opportunity to celebrate ten years of his visionary designs at the Maison. Pharrell Williams celebrated Louis Vuitton's spirit of travel at his latest fashion show, entitled "The World is Yours", held at UNESCO's headquarters in Paris. The Maison unveiled the latest chapter of its iconic Core Values campaign, featuring tennis champions Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal. Christian Dior Couture continued to show remarkable creative momentum, driven by the desirability of collections designed by Maria Grazia Chiuri and Kim Jones, whose fashion shows attracted a record number of viewers. The show presenting the 2025 Women's Cruise collection at Drummond Castle in Scotland, showcasing traditional Scottish craftsmanship, received an extraordinary welcome. The Diorama high jewelry collection presented in Florence showcased Victoire de Castellane's exquisite craftsmanship. The opening in Geneva of an exceptional store designed by architect Christian de Portzamparc was a highlight of the half-year period. Following the success of the leather goods Triomphe line designed by Hedi Slimane, Celine benefited from growing demand for its accessories. Loewe launched its first major exhibition in Shanghai, commissioned by Jonathan Anderson, as a tribute to the Maison's Spanish heritage and its commitment to craftsmanship. Fendi launched the Pequin line, reinterpreting the Maison's signature stripe. Loro Piana and Rimowa confirmed their excellent momentum. Berluti experienced a good start to the year.
The Perfumes & Cosmetics business group recorded organic revenue growth of 6% in the first half of 2024 thanks to the ongoing success of its flagship lines, combined with powerful innovative momentum and a selective distribution policy. Profit from recurring operations remained stable. Parfums Christian Dior turned in a solid performance in all product categories and reinforced its leadership position in its strategic markets. Sauvage confirmed its position as the world's leading fragrance, while the Maison's iconic women's perfume J'adore saw ongoing success. The new Miss Dior Parfum edition achieved strong growth. Makeup and skincare also contributed to the Maison's good results, in particular Rouge Dior and Capture Totale. Guerlain enjoyed the strong performance of its fragrance innovations, in particular Néroli Plein Sud in its L'Art et la Matière collection of exceptional fragrances. Givenchy continued to see growth, driven by its L'Interdit fragrance. Benefit added new brow products to its Precisely, My Brow collection while Fenty Beauty launched a new range of haircare products and expanded its retail presence in China.
The Watches & Jewelry business group saw a revenue decline (-3% organic) in the first half of 2024. Profit from recurring operations was down 19%, heavily affected by exchange rate fluctuations. Tiffany & Co. continued to showcase its iconic lines through initiatives including a new campaign that received an excellent welcome. The new Tiffany Titan by Pharrell Williams collection generated an exceptional level of interest. Céleste – the 2024 Blue Book high jewelry line, unveiled in Beverly Hills in May – drew inspiration from the boundless imagination of Jean Schlumberger. Bulgari celebrated its 140th anniversary with the "Eternally Reborn" campaign, and presented the new Aeterna high jewelry collection in Rome, which achieved record-breaking revenue. Chaumet unveiled the medals for the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games, created by its design studio. In watches, TAG Heuer strengthened its ties with sports, particularly motor sports with the successful relaunch of its historic Formula 1 collection. Hublot reaffirmed its pioneering role in the art world with a pocket watch designed in collaboration with Daniel Arsham. LVMH Watch Week – now a leading event on the international watch scene – was a major success. LVMH announced the acquisition of prestigious highend Swiss clock manufacturer L'Epée 1839.
In Selective Retailing, organic revenue growth was 8% in the first half of 2024. Profit from recurring operations was up 7%. Sephora achieved remarkable growth and continued to gain market share, reaffirming the brand's strength and the powerful draw of its unique approach within the prestige beauty market, as well as its position as the world's leading fragrance and cosmetics retailer. North America, Europe and the Middle East continued to see strong growth. DFS saw business activity remain below its 2019 pre-Covid level, with marked differences in tourist traffic between its various destinations. Le Bon Marché continued to achieve growth, driven by the department store's differentiation strategy, with its continuously renewed selection of products and services and unique slate of events.
In an uncertain geopolitical and economic environment, the Christian Dior group remains confident and will maintain a strategy focused on continuously enhancing the desirability of its brands, drawing on the exceptional quality of its products and excellence in retail.
Our strategy of focusing on the highest quality across all of our activities, combined with the energy and unparalleled creativity of our teams, will enable us to reinforce the Group's global leadership position in luxury goods once again in 2024.
An interim dividend of €5.50 will be paid on Wednesday, December 4, 2024.
Limited review procedures have been carried out and the related report will be issued following the board meeting.
"This document may contain certain forward looking statements which are based on estimations and forecasts. By their nature, these forward looking statements are subject to important risks and uncertainties and factors beyond our control or ability to predict, in particular those described in Christian Dior's Annual Report which is available on the website (www.dior-finance.com). These forward looking statements should not be considered as a guarantee of future performance, the actual results could differ materially from those expressed or implied by them. The forward looking statements only reflect Christian Dior's views as of the date of this document, and Christian Dior does not undertake to revise or update these forward looking statements. The forward looking statements should be used with caution and circumspection and in no event can Christian Dior and its Management be held responsible for any investment or other decision based upon such statements. The information in this document does not constitute an offer to sell or an invitation to buy shares in Christian Dior or an invitation or inducement to engage in any other investment activities."
The condensed consolidated financial statements for the first half of 2024 are included in the PDF version of the press release.
| Revenue for 2024 (in millions of euros) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ----------------------------------------- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 2024 | Wines & Spirits |
Fashion & Leather Goods |
Perfumes & Cosmetics |
Watches & Jewelry |
Selective Retailing |
Other activities and eliminations |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First quarter | 1 417 | 10 490 | 2 182 | 2 466 | 4 175 | (36) | 20 694 |
| Second quarter | 1 391 | 10 281 | 1 953 | 2 685 | 4 457 | 216 | 20 983 |
| First half | 2 807 | 20 771 | 4 136 | 5 150 | 8 632 | 181 | 41 677 |
| 2024 | Wines & Spirits |
Fashion & Leather Goods |
Perfumes & Cosmetics |
Watches & Jewelry |
Selective Retailing |
Other activities and eliminations |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First quarter | -12% | +2% | +7% | -2% | +11% | - | +3% |
| Second quarter | -5% | +1% | +4% | -4% | +5% | - | +1% |
| First half | -9% | +1% | +6% | -3% | +8% | - | +2% |
| 2023 | Wines & Spirits |
Fashion & Leather Goods |
Perfumes & Cosmetics |
Watches & Jewelry |
Selective Retailing |
Other activities and eliminations |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First quarter | 1 694 | 10 728 | 2 115 | 2 589 | 3 961 | (52) | 21 035 |
| Second quarter | 1 486 | 10 434 | 1 913 | 2 839 | 4 394 | 140 | 21 206 |
| First half | 3 181 | 21 162 | 4 028 | 5 427 | 8 355 | 87 | 42 240 |
For the purposes of its financial communication, in addition to the accounting aggregates defined by IAS/IFRS, Christian Dior uses alternative performance indicators established in accordance with AMF position DOC-2015-12.
The table below lists these indicators and the reference to their definition and their reconciliation with the aggregates defined by IAS/IFRS standards, in the published documents.
| Indicators | Reference to published documents |
|---|---|
| Free operating cash flow | AR (consolidated accounts, consolidated cash flow statement) |
| Net Financial debt |
AR (notes 1.22 and 19 of the appendix to the consolidated accounts) |
| Gearing | AR (part 2, Comments on the consolidated balance sheet) |
| Organic Growth | AR (part 1, Comments on the consolidated income statement) |
AR: 2023 Annual Report
This document is a free translation into English of the original French financial release dated July 23rd, 2024. It is not a binding document. In the event of a conflict in interpretation, reference should be made to the French version, which is the authentic text.
| (EUR millions, except for earnings per share) | June 30, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | June 30, 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | 41,677 | 86,153 | 42,240 |
| Cost of sales | (12,984) | (26,876) | (12,923) |
| Gross margin | 28,693 | 59,277 | 29,317 |
| Marketing and selling expenses | (14,998) | (30,767) | (14,914) |
| General and administrative expenses | (3,039) | (5,721) | (2,827) |
| Income/(loss) from joint ventures and associates | (6) | 7 | (5) |
| Profit from recurring operations | 10,649 | 22,796 | 11,571 |
| Other operating income and expenses | (29) | (242) | (10) |
| Operating profit | 10,620 | 22,554 | 11,560 |
| Cost of net financial debt | (231) | (363) | (168) |
| Interest on lease liabilities | (241) | (393) | (160) |
| Other financial income and expenses | 221 | (170) | 794 |
| Net financial income/(expense) | (252) | (926) | 466 |
| Income taxes | (2,826) | (5,707) | (3,147) |
| Net profit before minority interests | 7,543 | 15,921 | 8,879 |
| Minority interests | 4,520 | 9,617 | 5,367 |
| Net profit, Group share | 3,023 | 6,304 | 3,512 |
| Basic Group share of net earnings per share (EUR) Number of shares on which the calculation is based |
16.76 180,410,580 |
34.94 180,410,580 |
19.47 180,410,580 |
| Diluted Group share of net earnings per share (EUR) | 16.74 | 34.93 | 19.45 |
| Number of shares on which the calculation is based | 180,410,580 | 180,410,580 | 180,410,580 |
| (EUR millions) | June 30, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | June 30, 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net profit before minority interests | 7,543 | 15,921 | 8,879 |
| Translation adjustments | 502 | (1,083) | (829) |
| Amounts transferred to income statement | (20) | (21) | (9) |
| Tax impact | - | - | - |
| 482 | (1,104) | (838) | |
| Change in value of hedges of future foreign currency cash flows | 15 | 477 | 457 |
| Amounts transferred to income statement | (139) | (523) | (131) |
| Tax impact | 28 | 13 | (74) |
| (97) | (33) | 253 | |
| Change in value of the ineffective portion of hedging | |||
| instruments (including cost of hedging) | (348) | (237) | (182) |
| Amounts transferred to income statement | 283 | 362 | 142 |
| Tax impact | 16 | (29) | (3) |
| (50) | 96 | (42) | |
| Gains and losses recognized in equity, transferable to income statement | 336 | (1,041) | (628) |
| Change in value of vineyard land | - | 53 | 3 |
| Amounts transferred to consolidated reserves | - | - | - |
| Tax impact | - | (11) | (1) |
| - | 41 | 2 | |
| Employee benefit obligations: change in value resulting | |||
| from actuarial gains and losses | 36 | 30 | (31) |
| Tax impact | (9) | (7) | 8 |
| 26 | 23 | (23) | |
| Gains and losses recognized in equity, not transferable | |||
| to income statement | 26 | 64 | (22) |
| Gains and losses recognized in equity | 361 | (977) | (650) |
| Comprehensive income | 7,904 | 14,944 | 8,229 |
| Minority interests | 4,741 | 9,036 | 4,978 |
| Comprehensive income, Group share | 3,163 | 5,908 | 3,251 |
| (EUR millions) | June 30, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | June 30, 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brands and other intangible assets | 25,031 | 24,724 | 24,453 |
| Goodwill | 19,848 | 22,492 | 23,570 |
| Property, plant and equipment | 27,902 | 26,697 | 24,338 |
| Right-of-use assets | 16,054 | 15,673 | 14,636 |
| Investments in joint ventures and associates | 1,388 | 991 | 1,074 |
| Non-current available for sale financial assets | 1,146 | 1,363 | 1,394 |
| Other non-current assets | 1,032 | 1,017 | 1,102 |
| Deferred tax | 4,094 | 3,992 | 3,769 |
| Non-current assets | 96,494 | 96,950 | 94,336 |
| Inventories and work in progress | 24,295 | 22,952 | 22,638 |
| Trade accounts receivable | 4,448 | 4,728 | 4,173 |
| Income taxes | 733 | 533 | 507 |
| Other current assets | 8,361 | 7,790 | 8,597 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 7,184 | 7,921 | 6,266 |
| Current assets | 45,021 | 43,923 | 42,181 |
| Total assets | 141,515 | 140,873 | 136,517 |
| (EUR millions) | June 30, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | June 30, 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Equity, Group share | 23,049 | 21,527 | 20,097 |
| Minority interests | 40,908 | 38,766 | 36,908 |
| Equity | 63,957 | 60,293 | 57,005 |
| Long-term borrowings | 11,555 | 11,227 | 8,923 |
| Non-current lease liabilities | 14,226 | 13,810 | 12,899 |
| Non-current provisions and other liabilities | 3,653 | 3,844 | 3,871 |
| Deferred tax | 6,806 | 6,616 | 6,801 |
| Purchase commitments for minority interests' shares | 8,789 | 11,919 | 12,710 |
| Non-current liabilities | 45,029 | 47,416 | 45,204 |
| Short-term borrowings | 11,770 | 10,696 | 13,794 |
| Current lease liabilities | 2,819 | 2,728 | 2,558 |
| Trade accounts payable | 8,211 | 9,049 | 8,224 |
| Income taxes | 1,466 | 1,150 | 1,331 |
| Current provisions and other liabilities | 8,263 | 9,541 | 8,401 |
| Current liabilities | 32,529 | 33,164 | 34,308 |
| Total liabilities and equity | 141,515 | 140,873 | 136,517 |
| (EUR millions) | Number of shares |
Share capital |
Share premium account |
Christian Dior treasury shares |
Cumulative translation adjustment |
Revaluation reserves | Net profit and other |
Total equity | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Available for sale financial assets |
Hedges of future foreign currency cash flows and cost of hedging |
Vineyard land |
Employee benefit commit ments |
reserves | Group share |
Minority interests |
Total | ||||||
| As of Dec. 31, 2022 | 180,507,516 | 361 | 194 | (17) | 1,087 | - | 4 | 468 | 75 | 16,866 | 19,038 | 35,276 | 54,314 |
| Gains and losses | |||||||||||||
| recognized in equity | (441) | - | 24 | 13 | 8 | - | (396) | (581) | (977) | ||||
| Net profit Comprehensive income |
(441) | - | 24 | 13 | 8 | 6,304 6,304 |
6,304 5,908 |
9,617 9,036 |
15,921 14,944 |
||||
| Bonus share | |||||||||||||
| plan-related expenses | 47 | 47 | 70 | 117 | |||||||||
| (Acquisition)/disposal of Christian Dior shares |
- | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Capital increase in subsidiaries |
- | - | 19 | 19 | |||||||||
| Interim and final dividends paid |
(2,255) | (2,255) | (4,153) | (6,408) | |||||||||
| Changes in control of consolidated entities |
- | - | 10 | 10 | |||||||||
| (Acquisition)/ disposal of minority interests' shares |
6 | - | - | 2 | - | (970) | (962) | (1,073) | (2,035) | ||||
| Purchase commitments for minority |
(249) | (249) | (419) | (668) | |||||||||
| interests' shares As of Dec. 31, 2023 |
180,507,516 | 361 | 194 | (17) | 652 | - | 28 | 483 | 83 | 19,743 | 21,527 | 38,766 | 60,293 |
| Gains and losses recognized in equity |
184 | - | (56) | - | 12 | - | 140 | 221 | 361 | ||||
| Net profit | 3,023 | 3,023 | 4,520 | 7,543 | |||||||||
| Comprehensive income | 184 | - | (56) | - | 12 | 3,023 | 3,163 | 4,741 | 7,904 | ||||
| Bonus share plan-related expenses |
28 | 28 | 41 | 69 | |||||||||
| (Acquisition)/disposal of Christian Dior shares |
- | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Capital increase in subsidiaries |
- | - | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
| Interim and final dividends paid |
(1,353) | (1,353) | (2,575) (3,928) | ||||||||||
| Changes in control of consolidated entities |
- | - | 50 | 50 | |||||||||
| (Acquisition)/ disposal of minority interests' shares |
1 | - | - | 1 | - | (297) | (294) | (121) | (415) | ||||
| Purchase commitments for minority |
(22) | (22) | 5 | (17) | |||||||||
| interests' shares As of june 30, 2024 |
180,507,516 | 361 | 194 | (17) | 837 | - | (28) | 484 | 95 | 21,122 | 23,049 | 40,908 63,957 | |
| As of Dec. 31, 2022 | 180,507,516 | 361 | 194 | (17) | 1,087 | - | 4 | 468 | 75 | 16,866 | 19,038 | 35,276 | 54,314 |
| Gains and losses recognized in equity |
(338) | - | 87 | - | (10) | - | (261) | (389) | (650) | ||||
| Net profit | 3,512 | 3,512 | 5,367 | 8,879 | |||||||||
| Comprehensive income | (338) | - | 87 | (10) | 3,512 | 3,251 | 4,978 | 8,229 | |||||
| Bonus share plan-related expenses |
29 | 29 | 42 | 71 | |||||||||
| (Acquisition)/disposal of Christian Dior shares |
- | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Capital increase in subsidiaries |
- | - | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
| Interim and final dividends paid |
(1,263) | (1,263) | (2,412) | (3,675) | |||||||||
| Changes in control of consolidated entities |
- | - | 4 | 4 | |||||||||
| (Acquisition)/ disposal of minority interests' shares |
6 | - | - | 3 | 1 | (853) | (844) | (1,030) | (1,874) | ||||
| Purchase commitments for minority |
(114) | (114) | 48 | (66) | |||||||||
| interests' shares As of june 30, 2023 |
180,507,516 | 361 | 194 | (17) | 755 | - | 91 | 471 | 66 | 18,177 | 20,097 | 36,908 | 57,005 |
| (EUR millions) | June 30, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | June 30, 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|
| I. OPERATING ACTIVITIES |
|||
| Operating profit | 10,620 | 22,554 | 11,560 |
| (Income)/loss and dividends received from joint ventures and associates | 9 | 42 | 5 |
| Net increase in depreciation, amortization and provisions | 1,691 | 4,144 | 1,599 |
| Depreciation of right-of-use assets Other adjustments and computed expenses |
1,549 (79) |
3,031 (260) |
1,480 (140) |
| Cash from operations before changes in working capital | 13,790 | 29,511 | 14,504 |
| Cost of net financial debt: interest paid | (186) | (453) | (325) |
| Lease liabilities: interest paid | (230) | (356) | (144) |
| Tax paid Change in working capital |
(2,581) (3,511) |
(5,729) (4,577) |
(2,812) (4,472) |
| Net cash from/(used in) operating activities | 7,282 | 18,397 | 6,751 |
| II. INVESTING ACTIVITIES | |||
| Operating investments | (2,728) | (7,478) | (3,564) |
| Purchase and proceeds from sale of consolidated investments | (400) | (721) | (441) |
| Dividends received | 2 | 5 | 2 |
| Tax paid related to non-current available for sale financial assets and consolidated investments |
- | - | - |
| Purchase and proceeds from sale of non-current available for sale financial assets | (38) | (116) | (92) |
| Net cash from/(used in) investing activities | (3,164) | (8,310) | (4,095) |
| III. FINANCING ACTIVITIES | |||
| Interim and final dividends paid | (4,018) | (6,849) | (3,934) |
| Purchase and proceeds from sale of minority interests | (421) | (2,051) | (1,712) |
| Other equity-related transactions | 2 | 15 | 2 |
| Proceeds from borrowings Repayment of borrowings |
3,587 (2,784) |
5,990 (3,968) |
5,209 (2,493) |
| Repayment of lease liabilities | (1,426) | (2,818) | (1,389) |
| Purchase and proceeds from sale of current available for sale financial assets | - | 144 | 137 |
| Net cash from/(used in) financing activities | (5,061) | (9,536) | (4,180) |
| IV. EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES | 18 | (273) | (234) |
| Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (I+II+III+IV) | (924) | 278 | (1,758) |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 7,666 | 7,388 | 7,388 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | 6,742 | 7,666 | 5,630 |
| Total tax paid | (2,720) | (6,150) | (3,067) |
The following table presents the reconciliation between "Net cash from operating activities" and "Operating free cash flow" for the periods presented:
| (EUR millions) | June 30, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | June 30, 2023 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net cash from operating activities | 7,282 | 18,397 | 6,751 |
| Operating investments | (2,728) | (7,478) | (3,564) |
| Repayment of lease liabilities | (1,426) | (2,818) | (1,389) |
| Operating free cash flow(a) | 3,128 | 8,101 | 1,798 |
(a) Under IFRS 16, fixed lease payments are treated partly as interest payments and partly as principal repayments. For its own operational management purposes, the Group treats all lease payments as components of its "Operating free cash flow", whether the lease payments made are fixed or variable. In addition, for its own operational management purposes, the Group treats operating investments as components of its "Operating free cash flow".
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