Financial Statements and Management Report Línea Directa Aseguradora S.A.

Index

1. EXTERNAL AUDITOR'S REPORT 3. MANAGEMENT REPORT 2023

Balance sheet	2 & 3	Outlook for 2024	86
Statement of profit or loss	4 & 5	Information on deferred payments to suppliers	87
Statement of recognised income and expense	6	Transactions with treasury shares	87
Statement of changes in equity	7	Use of financial instruments	88
Statement of cash flows	8	Events after the reporting date	88
Notes to the financial statements	9	Research and development	88

2. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2023		Business performance	86
		Financial position and equity	86
Balance sheet	2 & 3	Outlook for 2024	86
Statement of profit or loss	4 & 5	Information on deferred payments to suppliers	87
Statement of recognised income and expense	6	Transactions with treasury shares	87
Statement of changes in equity	7	Use of financial instruments	88
Statement of cash flows	8	Events after the reporting date	88
Notes to the financial statements	9	Research and development	88
		Information on employees	89
		Complaints and Consumer Ombudsman	89
		Other non-financial information	90
		Annual corporate governance report, ICFR and Annual Report on Director Remuneration	90

LÍNEA DIRECTA ASEGURADORA S.A.

Independent auditor´s report Annual account at December 31th, 2023

This version of our report is a free translation from the original, which was prepared in Spanish. All possible care has been taken to ensure that the translation is an accurate representation of the original. However, in all matters of interpretation of information, views or opinions, the original language version of our report takes precedence over this translation.

Independent auditor's report on the annual accounts

To the shareholders of Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A., Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros

Report on the annual accounts

Opinion

We have audited the annual accounts of Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A., Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros (the Company), which comprise the balance sheet as at 31 December 2023, and the income statement, statement of changes in equity, cash flow statement and related notes for the year then ended.

In our opinion, the accompanying annual accounts present fairly, in all material respects, the equity and financial position of the Company as at 31 December 2023, as well as its financial performance and cash flows for the year then ended, in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework (as identified in note 2 of the notes to the annual accounts), and in particular, with the accounting principles and criteria included therein.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with legislation governing the audit practice in Spain. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the annual accounts section of our report.

We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements, including those relating to independence, that are relevant to our audit of the annual accounts in Spain, in accordance with legislation governing the audit practice. In this regard, we have not rendered services other than those relating to the audit of the accounts, and situations or circumstances have not arisen that, in accordance with the provisions of the aforementioned legislation, have affected our necessary independence such that it has been compromised.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Key audit matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the annual accounts of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the annual accounts as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

PricewaterhouseCoopers Auditores, S.L., Torre PwC, Pº de la Castellana 259 B, 28046 Madrid, España Tel.: +34 915 684 400 / +34 902 021 111, Fax: +34 915 685 400, www.pwc.es 1

Key audit matters How our audit addressed the key audit matters

Valuation of the motor insurance provision for claims

The Company carries out its activity in the nonlife business, mainly in the motor, home and medical assistance lines, recognizing liabilities associated with insurance contracts that reflect the unearned premiums and provision for claims.

This last concept includes, among others, the estimated cost of claims pending settlement, payment and not reported, mainly in the motor line, amounting to 411.890 thousand euros as of December 31, 2023.

For the determination of these provisions and given their nature, it is a complex estimate that, in the case of the motor line, is significantly influenced by the projection methods used, the settlement periods and the assumptions used by management, as well as the impact of the valuation of personal claims in accordance with applicable regulations. For these reasons, the valuation of motor insurance provision for claims is considered as a key audit matter.

See notes 2.c, 4.g and 10 of the 2023 annual accounts.

We gained an understanding of the process for estimating and registering the motor insurance provision for claims, which included understanding and evaluating the internal control process, the relevant IT systems, and the most relevant assumptions. Our procedures, in which we have engaged a team of actuarial specialists, have focused on aspects such us:

Understanding the methodology used for calculating this provision.
Checking the completeness, accuracy and reconciliation of the data used as inputs for the calculations.
Checking the sufficiency of the motor insurance provision for claims recognized as of the end of the previous reporting period.
Selecting a sample of claims to evaluate the reasonableness of its individual valuation considering the available information.
Performing an actuarial valuation test to evaluate the reasonableness of the provision for claims calculated by a statistical methodology recognized as of the end of the reporting period.
Checking the actuarial methodology application in accordance with the method authorized by the Spanish insurance regulator.
Checking the adequacy of the disclosures in the attached annual accounts.

In our procedures above, we obtained sufficient appropriate audit evidence to support the estimates of management regarding this matter.

Other information: Management report

Other information comprises only the management report for the 2023 financial year, the formulation of which is the responsibility of the Company's directors and does not form an integral part of the annual accounts.

Our audit opinion on the annual accounts does not cover the management report. Our responsibility regarding the management report, in accordance with legislation governing the audit practice, is to:

a) Verify only that the statement of non-financial information, certain information included in the Annual Corporate Governance Report and the Annual Report on Directors' Remuneration, as referred to in the Auditing Act, have been provided in the manner required by applicable legislation and, if not, we are obliged to disclose that fact.
b) Evaluate and report on the consistency between the rest of the information included in the management report and the annual accounts as a result of our knowledge of the Company obtained during the audit of the aforementioned financial statements, as well as to evaluate and report on whether the content and presentation of this part of the management report is in accordance with applicable regulations. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that material misstatements exist, we are required to report that fact.

On the basis of the work performed, as described above, we have verified that the information mentioned in section a) above has been provided in the manner required by applicable legislation and that the rest of the information contained in the management report is consistent with that contained in the annual accounts for the 2023 financial year, and its content and presentation are in accordance with applicable regulations.

Responsibility of the directors and the audit commission for the annual accounts

The directors are responsible for the preparation of the accompanying annual accounts, such that they fairly present the equity, financial position and financial performance of the Company, in accordance with the financial reporting framework applicable to the entity in Spain, and for such internal control as the aforementioned directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of annual accounts that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the annual accounts, the directors are responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

The audit commission is responsible for overseeing the process of preparation and presentation of the annual accounts.

Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the annual accounts

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the annual accounts as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion.

Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with legislation governing the audit practice in Spain will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these annual accounts.

As part of an audit in accordance with legislation governing the audit practice in Spain, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:

Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the annual accounts, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity's internal control.
Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the directors.
Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the annual accounts or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.
Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the annual accounts, including the disclosures, and whether the annual accounts represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.

We communicate with the entity's audit commission regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide the entity's audit commission with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements, including those relating to independence, and we communicate with the aforementioned those matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

From the matters communicated with the entity's audit commission, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the annual accounts of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters.

We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter.

Report on other legal and regulatory requirements

European single electronic format

We have examined the digital file of the European single electronic format (ESEF) of Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A., Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros for the 2023 financial year that comprises an XHTML file of the annual accounts for the financial year, which will form part of the annual financial report.

The directors of Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A., Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros are responsible for presenting the annual financial report for the 2023 financial year in accordance with the formatting requirements established in the Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/815 of 17 December 2018 of the European Commission (hereinafter the ESEF Regulation). In this regard, the Annual Corporate Governance Report and the Annual Report on Directors' Remuneration have been incorporated by reference in the management report.

Our responsibility is to examine the digital file prepared by the Company's directors, in accordance with legislation governing the audit practice in Spain. This legislation requires that we plan and execute our audit procedures in order to verify whether the content of the annual accounts included in the aforementioned file completely agrees with that of the annual accounts that we have audited, and whether the format of these accounts has been effected, in all material respects, in accordance with the requirements established in the ESEF Regulation.

In our opinion, the digital file examined completely agrees with the audited annual accounts, and these are presented, in all material respects, in accordance with the requirements established in the ESEF Regulation.

Report to the audit commission

The opinion expressed in this report is consistent with the content of our additional report to the audit commission of the Company dated 29 February 2024.

Appointment period

The General Ordinary Shareholders' Meeting held on 30 March 2023 appointed us as auditors for a period of one year, for the year ended 31 December 2023.

Previously, we were appointed by resolution of the General Ordinary Shareholders' Meeting for a period of three years and we have audited the accounts continuously since the year ended 31 December 2016.

Services provided

Services provided to the audited entity and its subsidiaries for services other than the audit of the accounts are disclosed in note 22.e) to the annual accounts.

PricewaterhouseCoopers Auditores, S.L. (S0242)

Original in Spanish signed by Enrique Anaya Rico (23060)

29 February 2024

LÍNEA DIRECTA ASEGURADORA S.A.

Annual financial statements and management report for the year ended 31 December 2023

Prepared in accordance with the Spanish Chart of Accounts for Insurance Entities

(The English version is a translation of the original in Spanish made by Linea Directa Aseguradora, S.A on his sole responsibility and shall not be considered official. In case of discrepancy, the Spanish version shall prevail)

Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A. Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros Balance sheet at 31 December 2023 and 2022

(in thousand euro)

A.1 A.2 IV. Other A.3 V. Other A.4 IV. Other A.5 II. Loans A.6 A.7 A.8 A.9	Cash and cash equivalents Financial assets held for trading I. Equity instruments II. Debt securities III. Derivatives Other financial assets at fair value through profit or loss I. Equity instruments II. Debt securities III. Hybrid instruments IV. Investments for the benefit of life-assurance policyholders who bear the investment risk Available-for-sale financial assets I. Equity instruments II. Debt securities III. Investments for the benefit of life-assurance policyholders who bear the investment risk Loans and receivables I. Debt securities 1. Advance payments on policies 2. Loans to group companies and associates 3. Loans to other related parties III. Deposits with credit institutions IV. Deposits posted on accepted reinsurance V. Receivables on direct insurance business 1. Policyholders 2. Agents, brokers and intermediaries VI. Receivables on reinsurance business	Notes 8 and 9 Note 8 Note 8 Notes 8 and 15 Note 8	31,757 - - - - - - - - - - - 827,550 83,866 743,684 - - 135,621 - 21,528 - 21,528 - - - 61,602 61,602	44,040 - - - - - - - - - - - 697,771 85,099 612,672 - - 140,101 - 22,139 - 22,139 - - - 58,524 58,524




























				-
			7,019	12,290
	VII. Receivables on coinsurance business		-	-
	VIII. Payments called up		-	-
	IX. Other receivables		45,472	47,148
	1. Tax and social security receivable		1,040	1,040
	2. Other receivables	Notes 8 and 15	44,432	46,108
	Held-to-maturity investments			-
	Hedging derivatives		5,492	7,844
	Reinsurers' share of technical provisions I. Provision for unearned premiums	Note 10	29,214 4,621	19,263 4,554
	II. Life assurance provision			-
	III. Provision for claims		24,593	14,709
	IV. Other technical provisions			-
	Property, plant and equipment and investment property	Note 5	40,479	42,121
	I. Tangible fixed assets		38,612	40,226
	II. Investment property		1,867	1,895
A.10	Intangible assets	Note 6	29,186	14,467
	I. Goodwill		-	-
	II. Economic rights arising from policy portfolios acquired from intermediaries		-	-
	III. Other intangible assets		29,186	14,467
A.11	Holdings in group companies and associates	Notes 8 and 15	68,904	69,494
	I. Holdings in associates		-	-
	II. Holdings in jointly controlled companies		-	-
	III. Holdings in group companies		68,904	69,494
A.12	Tax assets	Note 17	13,904	25,971
	I. Current tax assets		738	2,600
	II. Deferred tax assets		13,166	23,371
A.13		Note 7	99,648	104,033
	Other assets		-	-
	I. Assets and reimbursement rights on long-term staff remuneration		88,690	94,608
	II. Prepaid fees and other acquisition costs		10,668	9,425
	III. Accrued income	Notes 7 and 8		-
A.14	IV. Other assets		290
TOTAL ASSETS	Assets held for sale		-	-

(*) Presented for comparison purposes only.

The accompanying Notes 1 to 24 are an integral part of the financial statements as at 31 December 2023.

Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A. Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros Balance sheet at 31 December 2023 and 2022

(in thousand euro)

	LIABILITIES	Notes	2023	2022 (*)
A.1	Financial liabilities held for trading		-	-
A.2	Other financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss		-	-
A.3	Debt and accounts payable	Note 13	51,311	44,677
	I. Subordinated liabilities II. Deposits received from ceded reinsurance		- -	- -
	III. Due on direct insurance business	Note 8	2,818	2,490
	1. Due to policyholders		1,752	2,009
	2. Due to agents, brokers and intermediaries		1,066	481
	3. Conditional claims		-	-
	IV. Due on reinsurance business	Note 8	1,351	1,363
	V. Due on coinsurance business VI. Bonds and other negotiable securities		- -	- -
	VII. Due to credit institutions		-	-
	VIII. Debts arising from activities to draw up insurance contracts		-	-
	IX. Other debts:	Note 13	47,142	40,824
	1. Taxes and social security payable		14,368	14,835
	2. Due to group companies and associates		192	276
	3. Other debts		32,582	25,713
	Hedging derivatives	Note 8	-	-
	Technical provisions	Note 10	898,007	798,190
	I. Provision for unearned premiums II. Provision for unexpired risks		483,431 2,686	470,783 2,378
	III. Life assurance provision		-	-
	IV. Provision for claims		411,890	325,029
	V. Provision for profit sharing and premium refunds		-	-
	VI. Other technical provisions		-	-
	Non-technical provisions		28,931	26,102
	I. Provisions for taxes and other legal contingencies		-	-
	II. Provision for pensions and similar obligations		-	-
	III. Provisions for settlement agreements IV. Other non-technical provisions	Note 12	28,574 357	25,338 764
	Tax liabilities	Note 17	27,126	28,006
	I. Current tax liabilities		11,384	-
	II. Deferred tax liabilities		15,742	28,006
	Other liabilities		(186)	315
	I. Accruals		(417)	36
	II. Liabilities due to accounting mismatches		-	-
	III. Commissions and other acquisition expenses on ceded reinsurance IV. Other liabilities		- 231	- 279
	Liabilities associated with assets held for sale		-	-
	TOTAL LIABILITIES		1,005,189	897,290
	EQUITY
	Equity	Note 14	284,578	298,178
	I. Capital or mutual fund		43,537	43,537
	1. Subscribed capital or mutual fund		43,537	43,537
	2. (Uncalled capital)		-	-
	II. Share premium		-	-
	III. Reserves 1. Legal and bylaw reserves		261,675 9,046	244,579 9,046
	2. Equalisation reserve		43,839	93,608
	3. Other reserves		208,790	141,925
	IV. (Own shares)		(644)	(1,018)
	V. Profit/(loss) carried forward		-	-
	1. Surplus		-	-
	2. (Losses carried forward)		-	-
	VI. Other contributions from owners and mutual members VII. Profit/(loss) for the year		- (12,560)	- 70,681
	VIII. (Interim dividend and interim equalisation reserve)		(7,430)	(59,601)
	IX. Other equity instruments		-	-
	Valuation adjustments:	Note 14	(8,012)	(30,363)
	I. Available-for-sale financial assets		(8,012)	(30,363)
	II. Hedging arrangements		-	-
	III. Foreign exchange and conversion differences		-	-
	IV. Correction of accounting mismatches		-	-
	V. Other adjustments		-	-
	Grants, gifts and legacies received		-	-
	TOTAL EQUITY		276,566	267,815
	TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY		1,281,755	1,165,105

(*) Presented for comparison purposes only.

Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A. Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros Statement of profit or loss for the years ended

December 2023 and 2022

(in thousand euro)

			Notes	2023	2022 (*)
I.1		NON-LIFE INSURANCE TECHNICAL ACCOUNT Earned premiums, net of reinsurance		936,617	900,647
	a)	Written premiums
		a.1) Direct Insurance		973,281	946,679
		a.2) Accepted reinsurance		-	-
		a.3) Change due to impairment of outstanding premiums receivable	Note 8.1.1.2	(221)	(26)
	b)	Premiums from ceded reinsurance		(23,555)	(26,139)
	c)	Change in the provision for unearned premiums and unexpired risks			-
		c.1) Direct insurance	Note 10	(12,955)	(20,141)
		c.2) Accepted reinsurance		-	-
	d)	Change in the provision for unearned premiums, reinsurers' share	Note 10	67	274
I.2		Income from property, plan and equipment and from investments	Note 8.1.2	48,004	68,429
	a)	Income from investment property		68	127
	b)	Income from financial investments		31,106	34,702
	c)	Application of impairment adjustments for property, plant and equipment, and investments
		c.1) Property, plant and equipment and investment property		-	-
		c.2) Financial investments	Note 8.1.2	(290)	110
	d)	Gains on realisation of property, plant and equipment and investments
		d.1) Property, plant and equipment and investment property		-	-
		d.2) Financial investments		17,120	33,490
I.3		Other technical income		-	-
I.4		Claims incurred, net of reinsurance		804,948	684,515
	a)	Claims and other expenses paid
		a.1) Direct Insurance		681,867	606,536
		a.2) Accepted reinsurance			-
		a.3) Reinsurers' Share		(10,436)	(14,438)
	b)	Change in the provision for claims
		b.1) Direct Insurance	Note 10	86,861	33,372
		b.2) Accepted Reinsurance			-
		b.3) Reinsurers' Share	Note 10	(9,883)	1,164
	c)	Claims-related expenses		56,539	57,881
I.5		Change in Other Technical Provisions, net of reinsurance		-	-
I.6		Profit sharing and premium refunds		393	637
	a)	Claims and expenses relating to profit sharing and premium refunds		393	637
	b)	Change in the provision for profit sharing and premium refunds		-	-
I.7		Net operating expenses		208,004	201,412
	a)	Acquisition costs		185,292	180,012
	b)	Administration expenses		22,826	25,632
	c)	Reinsurance commissions and profit participation		(114)	(4,232)
I.8	a)	Other technical expenses Change in impairment due to insolvencies	Note 21	(22,094) -	(17,021) -
	b)	Change in impairment on property, plant and equipment		-	-
	c)	Change in claims paid under settlement agreements		(27,198)	(22,750)
	d)	Other		5,104	5,729
I.9		Expenses from property, plant and equipment and investments		18,574	31,388
	a)	Management expenses from property, plant and equipment and investments
		a.1) Expenses from property, plant and equipment and investment property	Note 8.1.2	1,653	2,062
		a.2) Expenses from financial investments and accounts	Note 8.1.2	2,935	2,991
	b)	Valuation adjustments for property, plant and equipment and investments
		b.1) Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and investment property		28	28
		b.2) Impairment of property, plant and equipment and investment property	Note 5	-	-
		b.3) Impairment of financial investments		-	-
	c)	Losses on property, plant and equipment and investments
		c.1) Property, plant and equipment and investment property		-	-
		c.2) Financial investments	Note 5	13,958	26,307
		Profit/(loss) from the non-life technical account		(25,204)	68,145

(*) Presented for comparison purposes only.

Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A. Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros Statement of profit or loss for the years ended

December 2023 and 2022

(in thousand euro)

				2023	2022 (*)
	NON-TECHNICAL ACCOUNT:
III.		Profit/(loss) on the non-life technical account		(25,204)	68,145
III.1		Income from property, plan and equipment and from investments	Note 8	3,229	16,000
	a)	Income from investment property			-
	b)	Income from financial investments		3,229	16,000
	c)	Application of impairment adjustments for property, plant and equipment, and investments
		c.1) Property, plant and equipment and investment property		-	-
		c.2) Financial investments		-	-
III.2		Expenses from property, plant and equipment and investments		-	-
	a)	Investment management expenses
		a.1) Expenses from financial investments and accounts		-	-
		a.2) Expenses from investments in property, plant and equipment		-	-
	b)	Valuation adjustments for property, plant and equipment and investments
		b.1) Depreciation of property, plant and equipment and investment property		-	-
		b.2) Impairment of property, plant and equipment and investment property		-	-
		b.3) Impairment of financial investments		-	-
	c)	Losses on property, plant and equipment and investments
		c.1) Property, plant and equipment and investment property		-	-
		c.2) Financial investments		-	-
III.3	Other income		Note 21	3,914	4,231
	a)	Income from pension fund management activity
	b)	Other income		3,914	4,231
III.4		Other expenses	Note 21	362	43
	a)	Expenses from pension fund management activity
	b)	Other expenses		362	43
III.5		Subtotal (Profit/(loss) on the non-Technical Account)		6,781	20,188
III.6		Profit/(loss) before tax		(18,423)	88,333
III.7	Income tax		Note 17	(5,863)	17,652
III.8		Profit/(loss) for the year		(12,560)	70,681

(*) Presented for comparison purposes only.

Statement of changes in equity for the years 2023 and 2022

(in thousand euro)

Statements of recognised income and expense

STATEMENT OF RECOGNISED INCOME AND EXPENSE		2023	2022 (*)
I) PROFIT OR LOSS FOR THE PERIOD	Note 3	(12,560)	70,681
II) OTHER RECOGNISED INCOME AND EXPENSE		22,351	(73,729)
II.1. Available-for-sale financial assets	Note 8	29,801	(98,305)
Gains/(losses) on valuation adjustments		33,185	(87,354)
Amounts transferred to the statement of profit or loss		(3,384)	(10,951)
Other reclassifications		-	-
II.2. Cash flow hedges		-	-
Gains/(losses) on valuation adjustments		-	-
Amounts transferred to the statement of profit or loss		-	-
Amounts transferred to the initial value of the hedged items		-	-
Other reclassifications		-	-
III.3. Hedging of net investments in foreign operations		-	-
Gains/(losses) on valuation adjustments		-	-
Amounts transferred to the statement of profit or loss		-	-
Other reclassifications		-	-
II.4. Foreign exchange and conversion differences		-	-
Gains/(losses) on valuation adjustments		-	-
Amounts transferred to the statement of profit or loss		-	-
Other reclassifications		-	-
II.5. Correction of accounting mismatches		-	-
Gains/(losses) on valuation adjustments		-	-
Amounts transferred to the statement of profit or loss		-	-
Other reclassifications		-	-
II.6. Assets held for sale		-	-
Gains/(losses) on valuation adjustments		-	-
Amounts transferred to the statement of profit or loss		-	-
Other reclassifications
II.7. Actuarial Gains/(losses) on long-term staff remuneration		-	-
II.8. Other recognised income and expense		-	-
II.9. Income tax		(7,450)	24,576
III) TOTAL RECOGNISED INCOME AND EXPENSE		9,791	(3,048)

(*) Presented for comparison purposes only.

Statement of changes in equity for the years 2023 and 2022

(in thousand euro)

Statement of changes in total equity

	Share capital	Reserves	Treasury shares	Profit/(loss) for the year	Interim dividend and interim equalisation reserve	Valuation adjustments	Total
E. BALANCE AT END OF 2021 (*)	43,537	228,820	(1,247)	108,115	(77,664)	43,366	344,927
D. ADJUSTED BALANCE AT BEGINNING OF 2022 (*)	43,537	228,820	(1,247)	108,115	(77,664)	43,366	344,927
I. Total recognised income and expense (Note 8)	-	-	-	70,681	-	(73,729)	(3,048)
II. Transactions with owners or mutual members	-	-	229	(21,459)	(52,480)	-	(73,710)
1. Capital increases or mutual fund (Note 14)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2. ( - ) Capital reductions or mutual funds	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
3. Conversion of financial liabilities into equity	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
4. ( - ) Distribution of dividends or payments due to mutual members (Notes 3 and 8)	-	-	-	(21,459)	(52,480)	-	(73,939)
5. Transactions with own shares or holdings (net) (Notes 14 and 22)	-	-	229	-	-	-	229
6. Increase (decrease) in equity resulting from a business combination	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
7. Other transactions with owners or mutual members	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
III. Other changes in equity	-	15,759	-	(86,656)	70,543	-	(354)
1. Payments based on equity instruments	-	(354)	-	-	-	-	(354)
2. Transfers between equity items	-	8,992	-	(86,656)	77,664	-	-
3. Other changes	-	7,121	-	-	(7,121)	-	-
E. BALANCE AT END OF 2022 (*)	43,537	244,579	(1,018)	70,681	(59,601)	(30,363)	267,815
D. ADJUSTED BALANCE AT BEGINNING OF 2023	43,537	244,579	(1,018)	70,681	(59,601)	(30,363)	267,815
I. Total recognised income and expense (Note 8)	-	-	-	(12,560)	-	22,351	9,791
II. Transactions with owners or mutual members	-	-	374	(1,090)	-	-	(716)
1. Capital increases or mutual fund (Note 14)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2. ( - ) Capital reductions or mutual funds	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
3. Conversion of financial liabilities into equity	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
4. ( - ) Distribution of dividends or payments due to mutual members (Notes 3 and 8)	-	-	-	(1,090)	-	-	(1,090)
5. Transactions with own shares or holdings (net) (Notes 14 and 22)	-	-	374	-	-	-	374
6. Increase (decrease) in equity resulting from a business combination	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
7. Other transactions with owners or mutual members	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
III. Other changes in equity (Note 14)	-	17,096	-	(69,591)	52,171	-	(324)
1. Payments based on equity instruments	-	(324)	-	-	-	-	(324)
2. Transfers between equity items	-	9,990	-	(69,591)	59,601	-	-
3. Other changes	-	7,430	-	-	(7,430)	-	-
E. BALANCE AT END OF 2023	43,537	261,675	(644)	(12,560)	(7,430)	(8,012)	276,566

(*) Presented for comparison purposes only.

Statements of cash flow for the years 2023 and 2022

(in thousand euro)

		2023	2022(*)
A)	CASH FLOWS FROM/(USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES
A.1	Insurance activities
	1. Proceeds from premiums on direct insurance, coinsurance and accepted reinsurance	969,983	941,667
	2. Payments for direct insurance, coinsurance and accepted reinsurance 3. Proceeds from ceded reinsurance	707,066 6,343	635,284 5,301
	4. Payments for ceded reinsurance	14,091	16,973
	5. Reimbursements of claims	28,307	31,078
	6.- Payments for intermediaries	13,490	16,855
	7.- Other proceeds from operating activities	-	-
	8.- Other payments for operating activities	217,953	249,252
	9.- Total proceeds from insurance activities (1+3+5+7) = I	1,004,633	978,046
	10.- Total payments for insurance activities (2+4+6+8) = II	952,600	918,364
A.2	Other operating activities
	3.- Proceeds from other operating activities	4,066	5,541
	4.- Payments for other operating activities	1,010	1,025
	5.- Total proceeds from other operating activities (1+3) = III	4,066	5,541
	6.- Total payments for other operating activities (2+4) = IV	1,010	1,025
	7.- Income tax collected/(paid) (V)	4,073	7,789
A.3	Total net cash flows from operating activities (I-II+III-IV + - V)	59,162	71,987
B)	CASH FLOWS FROM/(USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES
B.1)	Proceeds from investing activities
	1.- Property, plant and equipment 2.- Investment property	- 136	- 127
	3.- Intangible assets	1,478	-
	4.- Financial instruments	690,042	287,666
	5.- Holdings in group, jointly controlled and associate companies	300	-
	6.- Interest received	29,136	24,880
	7.- Dividends collected	6,160	18,871
	8.- Business unit 9. Other proceeds from investing activities	- -	- -
	10.- Total proceeds from investing activities (1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9) = VI	727,252	331,544
B.2)	Payments for investing activities
	1.- Property, plant and equipment	1,453	1,803
	2.- Investment property	-	-
	3.- Intangible assets	20,210	4,838
	4.- Financial instruments 5.- Holdings in group, jointly controlled and associate companies	772,260 -	258,487 3,600
	6.- Business unit	-	-
	7.- Other payments for investing activities	3,957	4,068
	8.- Total payments for investing activities (1+2+3+4+5+6+7) = VII	797,880	272,796
B.3)	Total net cash flows from investing activities (VI - VII)	(70,628)	58,748
C)	CASH FLOWS FROM/(USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES
C.1)	Proceeds from financing activities
	1. Subordinated liabilities 2. Proceeds from the issuance of equity instruments and capital increase	- -	- -
	3.- Payments due to mutual members and contributions from owners or mutual members	-	-
	4. Disposal of own shares	400	257
	5. Other proceeds from financing activities	-	30,651
	6. Total proceeds from financing activities (1+2+3+4+5) = VIII	400	30,908
C.2)	Payments for financing activities
	1. Dividends to shareholders	1,090	73,940
	2. Interest paid	-	-
	3. Subordinated liabilities 4. Payments on return of contributions to shareholders	- -	- -
	5. Supplementary members' calls and return of contributions to mutual members	-	-
	6. Acquisition of own shares	349	384
	7. Other payments for financing activities	-	145,957
	8. Total payments for financing activities (1+2+3+4+5+6+7) = IX	1,439	220,281
C.3)	Total net cash flows from/(used in) financing activities (VIII - IX)	(1,039)	(189,373)
	Effects of exchange rate changes (X)	222	3,767
	Total increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents (A.3 + B.3 + C.3 + - X) Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	(12,283) 44,040	(54,871) 98,911
	Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	31,757	44,040
	Components of cash and cash equivalents at end of year
	1. Cash and banks	31,757	28,062
	2. Other financial assets		15,978
	Total cash and cash equivalents at end of year (1 + 2 - 3)	31,757	44,040

(*) Presented for comparison purposes only.

1. Overview of the Company and its activities

The Company was incorporated in Madrid, on 13 April 1994, under the name "Bankinter Seguros Directos, S.A. Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros". On 6 July 1994, it changed its name to "Bankinter Aseguradora Directa, S.A. Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros". The decision was reached at the General Shareholders' Meeting held on 26 January 1995 to change its name to "Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A., Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros" (hereinafter, "the Company" or "Línea Directa").

The Company engages in insurance and reinsurance activities in the motor, home, other insurance and other non-life segments, all of which it is authorised to carry out by the Spanish Directorate General of Insurance and Pension Funds. On 19 July 2017, the Directorate granted authorisation to operate also within the medical assistance line of the wider healthcare segment. Línea Directa began marketing and selling health insurance in October 2017.

Its registered office is located at calle Isaac Newton, 7, in the municipality of Tres Cantos (Madrid). The Company operates entirely in Spain and Portugal.

With respect to Portugal, the Group was authorised to operate in the Assistance segment on 25 September 2017. As this line of activity was residual and immaterial in both 2023 and 2022, it has not been deemed relevant to break down the information by geographical area. Its business distribution channels are mainly telephone and internet sales.

The Company's shares have been listed on the continuous market of the Madrid Stock Exchange since 29 April 2021.

2. Basis of preparation of the annual accounts

a) Regulatory financial reporting framework applicable to the Company

These annual accounts have been drawn up by the directors in accordance with the regulatory financial reporting framework applicable to the Company, as set out in:

The Spanish Commercial Code (Código de Comercio) and other commercial legislation.
The Accounting Plan for Insurance Companies enacted by Royal Decree 1317/2008, of 24 July, and subsequently modified by Royal Decree 1736/2010, of 23 December.
The Law and Regulations on the Organisation, Supervision and Solvency of Insurance and Reinsurance Companies (hereinafter referred to by its Spanish acronym of "LOSSEAR" when referring to the Law and "ROSSEAR" when referring to the Regulations), as enacted by Law 20/2015 and Royal Decree 1060/2015, respectively.
The non-repealed articles of the Regulation on the Organisation and Supervision of Private Insurance (hereinafter, "ROSSP", or the "Regulation"), enacted by Royal Decree 2486/1998, including all partial modifications thereto.
The mandatory rules approved by the Accounting and Auditing Institute, as well as the rules published by the Directorate General of Insurance and Pension Funds to implement the Accounting Plan for Insurance Companies and all related and complementary rules.
All other applicable Spanish accounting regulations.

B) Fair presentation

The accompanying annual accounts have been prepared from the Company's accounting records and are presented in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework, especially the accounting principles and criteria contained therein, to provide a true and fair view of the Company's equity, financial position, operating results and cash flows for the year.

These annual accounts, which were authorised for issue by the Company's directors at the meeting held on 29 February 2024, will be submitted for approval by shareholders at their Annual General Meeting and are expected to be approved without any changes made. The Group's financial statements for 2022 were approved at the Annual General Meeting held on 23 February 2023.

As the Company is the parent of the Línea Directa Aseguradora Group, the Company's Board of Directors has also drawn up, together with these annual accounts, the consolidated annual accounts for 2023 of the Línea Directa Aseguradora Group.

The subsidiaries at which the Company holds a direct stake and that are included in the scope of consolidation are as follows:

Subsidiaries (see Note 8.1.1.3)	Registered office	Activity	Stake
Línea Directa Asistencia, S.L.U.	Ochandiano 12, 28023, Madrid	Vehicle inspections and roadside assistance	100 %
Moto Club LDA, S.L.U.	Isaac Newton 7, 28760, Tres Cantos	Sundry services related to motorcycles	100 %
Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones CAR, S.L.U.	Avenida del Sol, 9, 28850, Torrejón de Ardoz	Provision of vehicle repair services	100 %
Ambar Medline, S.L.U.	Ronda de Europa 7, 28760, Tres Cantos	Insurance brokerage	100 %
LDActivos, S.L.U.	Ronda de Europa 7, 28760, Madrid	Asset management on behalf of insurance companies	100 %
LDA Reparaciones, S.L.U.	Ronda de Europa 7, 28760, Tres Cantos	Claims management, claims-related repair work and other specialised household services.	100 %

The subsidiary LDA Reparaciones S.L.U. ceased to operate in November 2023.

Investments in subsidiaries are recognised at cost of acquisition or issue, less any accumulated impairment losses.

c) Critical aspects regarding the valuation and estimation of uncertainty

When drawing up the annual accounts, the Company's directors must make certain forwardlooking estimates and judgements that are continuously assessed and based on past experience and other factors, including expectations as to future events that are believed to be reasonably likely given the current circumstances.

While these estimates have been made on the basis of the best information available in relation to the events analysed at the balance sheet date, it is possible that future events may require these estimates to be modified (upwards or downwards) in subsequent years. Any resulting changes would be reflected in the corresponding statements of profit or loss.

The main estimates made by the Company's directors are as follows.

– Provisions for insurance contracts (Note 4 g)):

Assets and liabilities relating to insurance contracts are recognised in accordance with the accounting policies set out in Note 4.g) to these Notes. The Company also makes judgments and estimates approved by the Directorate-General for Insurance to calculate the technical provisions for the motor insurance segments. Statistical methods are used to determine these provisions. For the other lines of business in which the Company operates, an estimate is made on a case-by-case basis for non-life insurance technical provisions.

– Income tax and recovery of tax credits (Note 4 f)):

Under current legislation, taxes cannot be considered definitively settled until the duly submitted returns have been inspected by the tax authorities, or until the four-year limitation period has lapsed. In the opinion of the Company's directors, there are no contingencies that might result in any further significant liabilities for the Company.

– Impairment losses on certain assets (Note 3 a), b) and d)):

The Company analyses annually whether there are any indications of impairment on its assets, which are tested for impairment if and when any such indications exist.

– Useful life of intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, investment property (Note 3 a) and b)):

The useful life of these assets has been calculated on the basis of the best estimate of the Company's directors for the period over which they will produce income, taking into account the depreciation actually incurred from their operation, use and enjoyment.

– The fair value of certain non-listed assets and liabilities [Note 3 d)]:

To determine the fair value of financial instruments when there is no price in an active market, the Company's directors request the price of the instrument from the depositary.

d) Accounting principles

The Company's annual accounts have been drawn up in accordance with the generally accepted accounting principles set out in Royal Decree 1317/2008 of 24 July and subsequent amendments, which enacted the Accounting Plan for Insurance Companies.

All mandatory accounting principle with a significant impact on the financial statements have been duly applied.

e) Comparison of information

The figures for 2022 included in these Notes are presented for comparison purposes only.

f) Grouping of items

Certain items in the balance sheet, statement of profit or loss, statement of changes in equity and statement of cash flows are presented together for easier understanding. However, disaggregated information has been included in the relevant notes to the financial statements where such information is deemed significant.

g) Error correction

The process of drawing up these annual accounts did not reveal any material errors that would have led to the restatement of the amounts included in the annual accounts for 2023.

h) Changes in accounting standards

There were no significant changes in accounting criteria in 2023 when compared to those applied in 2022.

i) Income and expense recognition criteria

Financial income and expenses arising from investments related to insurance activity are recognised in the technical account for the non-life insurance business. All other income and expenses are recorded in the non-technical account. Other income and expenses are distributed accordingly on the basis of net premiums written, except expenses attributable to claims, which are recognised on the basis of the provision for claims.

3. Distribution of earnings

The proposed distribution of earnings for 2023, which the Company's Board of Directors will lay before the General Shareholders' Meeting for approval, is as follows:

	Thousand euro
	2023	2022
Distribution basis (Profit)	(12,560)	70,681
Distributed:	-	-
To interim dividends (Note 14.c)	-	52,481
To the interim equalisation reserve (Note 14.c)	7,430	7,121
To the voluntary reserve	(19,990)	9,989
A Final dividend	-	1,090

Below is a breakdown of the liquidity statements of each interim dividend for 2023 and 2022:

	Resolution of 30.03.2023
Net profit at date of resolution	59,523
Less:
Other reserves	-
Dividends paid	(52,481)
Unrestricted profit	7,042
Proposal to pay interim dividends	1,090
Total dividend to be paid	1,090
Cash liquidity prior to payment	28,741
Expected receipts less expected payments	75,378
Remaining cash	104,119

	Resolution of
	21.04.2022	20.09.2022	13.12.2022
Net profit at date of resolution	24,189	48,976	58,312
Less:
Other reserves	-	-	-
Dividends paid	-	(21,770)	(44,079)
Unrestricted profit	24,189	27,206	14,233
Proposal to pay interim dividends	21,770	22,309	8,402
Total dividend to be paid	21,770	22,309	8,402
Cash liquidity prior to payment	108,217	178,141	20,782
Expected receipts less expected payments	18,514	(28,743)	577
Remaining cash	126,731	149,398	21,359

4. Recognition and measurement standards

The measurement standards relied on when drawing up the accompanying annual accounts are described below:

a) Intangible assets

Intangible assets are recognised at acquisition expense or, where applicable, at production cost, less the corresponding amortisation.

Software

Includes amounts paid for ownership of, or the right to use software where the term of the arrangement exceeds one year. These assets are amortised on a straight-line basis over a period of four to five years.

For the purposes of impairment, the Company assesses whether there is any indication of impairment at least once a year if the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. If so, the carrying amount is immediately lowered to match the recoverable amount.

The Society recognises the derecognition of an intangible asset on disposal or when it does not expect to receive future economic benefits from its use or disposal. The date of disposal of an intangible asset is the date on which the buyer acquires control of the asset.

Other

The Group uses this category to recognise all assets that do not qualify as software, such as acquired rights of use. Assets recorded in this category are considered to have a life of 10 years.

For the purposes of impairment, the Group assesses whether there is any indication of impairment at least once a year if the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. If so, the carrying amount is immediately lowered to match the recoverable amount.

The Group recognises the derecognition of an intangible asset on disposal or when it does not expect to receive future economic benefits from its use or disposal. The date of disposal of an intangible asset is the date on which the buyer acquires control of the asset.

b) Property, plant and equipment and investment property

Land, natural assets and buildings that are held to obtain income, capital gains or both qualify as real estate investments. Land, natural assets and buildings held for the provision of services or for administrative purposes for own use are treated as property, plant and equipment.

Property, plant and equipment and investment property are recognised at their acquisition price, which includes, in addition to the purchase price, all additional expenses incurred, including finance expenses, until the asset is put into operation.

Asset expansion and improvement costs are added to assets as an increase in the value of the asset only when they result in an increase in its capacity, floor area, or return, or when they lengthen its useful life, whereupon the carrying amount of the replaced items replaced is derecognised. Under no circumstances does repair and maintenance work qualify as improvements.

These assets are depreciated systematically on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful life, taking into account the depreciation effectively sustained as a result of their operation, use and enjoyment. The following depreciation rates are used to calculate depreciation:

Property, plant and equipment and investment property Rate

Furniture and installations	4% – 10%
IT equipment	10% – 25%
Other property, plant and equipment	12% – 15%
Buildings	2%

At year-end, any relevant valuation adjustments are made to property, plant and equipment. For the purposes of impairment, the Company assesses whether there is any indication of impairment at least once a year if the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. If so, the carrying amount is immediately lowered to match the recoverable amount.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For property assets, fair value is equal to the appraisal value determined by a valuation company authorised to value property within the mortgage market, in accordance with Order ECO/805/2003 of 27 March, regulating the valuation of property assets and specific rights for certain financial purposes.

Value in use is the present value of expected future cash flows through use and, as the case may be, disposal of the asset in the normal course of business.

Order ECC 371/2013 of 4 March requires insurance companies to instruct an appraisal company to review the valuations of their property assets once two years have elapsed from the previous valuation.

Recoverable amount must be determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. If this is the case, the recoverable amount is determined for the cash-generating unit (CGU) to which it belongs.

Losses related to the impairment of the CGU initially reduce, where applicable, the value of the goodwill allocated to the CGU and subsequently to the other assets of the CGU, pro rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset, subject to the limit for each asset of the higher of its fair value less costs of disposal, its value in use and zero.

At each reporting date, the Company assesses whether there is any indication that the impairment loss recognised in prior periods no longer exists or may have decreased. Impairment losses are reversed only if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the asset's recoverable amount. The reversal of the impairment loss is credited to profit or loss.

However, the reversal of the loss cannot have the effect of increasing the carrying amount of the asset above the carrying amount it would have had, net of depreciation, had the impairment not been recognised.

The amount of the reversal of the impairment loss of a CGU is allocated to the assets of the CGU pro rata on the basis of the carrying amount of the assets, with the limit per asset being the lower of its recoverable amount and the carrying amount it would have had, net of depreciation, had the loss not been recognised.

c) Prepaid commissions and other capitalised acquisition expenses

Acquisition expenses, included on the assets side of the consolidated balance sheet, are deferred subject to the limit established in the technical notes for each product and/or segment and the maturity of the policies.

d) Financial instruments

d.1) Financial assets

Note 8 to these statements shows financial assets at 31 December 2023, by type and classified in accordance with the following criteria:

Cash and cash equivalents

This heading comprises cash in hand, bank current accounts, deposits and reverse repurchase agreements that meet all the following criteria:

They are convertible into cash.
At time of acquisition, the item matures within three months.
They are not subject to significant risk of change in value.
They form part of the Company's normal cash management policy.

For the purposes of the statement of cash flows, occasional overdrafts that form part of the Company's cash management process are deducted from cash and cash equivalents.

Loans and receivables

Non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted on an active market, such as bank deposits and outstanding insurance premiums. This category also includes receivables from third parties on reinsurance operations, as well as from intermediaries and policyholders, with the appropriate impairment allowances posted where applicable.

These financial assets are initially measured at fair value, including directly attributable transaction costs, and subsequently at amortised cost. Accrued interest is recognised at the effective interest rate, which is defined as the discount rate that exactly discounts the carrying amount of the instrument to its total estimated cash flows through to maturity. However, trade receivables with a maturity of up to one year are measured, both on initial recognition and subsequently, at nominal value where the effect of not discounting the flows is not material.

At least at year end, the necessary valuation adjustments for impairment are made if there is objective evidence that not all the amounts owed will be recovered.

The amount of the impairment loss is the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the effective interest rate at the time of initial recognition. Value adjustments, and any reversal thereof, are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Reversal of impairment is limited to the carrying amount of the credit recognised at the date of the reversal had no such impairment been recorded.

In particular, impairment of outstanding premiums is calculated on the part of the tariff premiums accrued in the financial year net of the loading for contingencies which, foreseeably and in accordance with lessons learned from previous years, is not going to be collected. This will depend on the age of the premiums and, as the

case may be, the current status of the claim before the courts. Note that certain premium receipts may require special treatment due to their unique characteristics or features.

If, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the reduction can be objectively attributed to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised (such as an improvement in the debtor's credit quality), the reversal of the previously recognised impairment is recognised in the separate statement of profit or loss.

Receivables from claim recoveries are capitalised when their realisation is sufficiently guaranteed, that is, once the other insurer acknowledges that its policyholder is at fault and therefore acknowledges its debt with the Company. The amount is recognised at nominal value.

Holdings in group companies and associates

The Company uses this category to show investments in the equity of group, jointly controlled and associate companies, as such terms are defined under current law and regulations.

They are initially measured at cost, which is equivalent to the fair value of the consideration delivered plus transaction costs. The initial measurement includes the amount of any pre-emptive subscription rights that may have been acquired.

Fees paid to legal advisors or other professionals in relation to the acquisition of investments in the assets of group companies that confer control over those companies are charged directly to the statement of profit or loss.

Following the initial measurement, they are measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. However, when there is an investment prior to its classification as a group, jointly controlled or associate company, the cost of the investment is treated as its carrying amount before acquiring that classification. Valuation adjustments previously recognised directly in equity remain there until they are derecognised.

If there is objective evidence that the carrying amount is not recoverable, the appropriate valuation adjustments are made for the difference between the carrying amount and the recoverable amount, the latter being the higher of fair value less costs to sell and the present value of the cash flows from the investment. Unless there is better evidence of the recoverable amount, the process of estimating the impairment of these investments is based on the equity of the investee, adjusted by any unrealised gains existing at the measurement date. The value adjustment and, as the case may be, its reversal are recorded in the statement of profit or loss for the year in which they occur. Reversal of impairment is limited to the carrying amount of the investment that would have been recognised at the date of reversal had no impairment been recorded.

Available-for-sale financial assets

The Company uses this heading to recognise debt securities, swaps of certain or predetermined flows and equity instruments that are not classified in any of the above categories, nor as assets held for trading, other assets at fair value through profit or loss, or loans or receivables.

They are measured at fair value, which, unless there is evidence to the contrary, will be the transaction price. Changes are recognised directly in equity until the asset is sold or impaired, whereupon the cumulative gains and losses in equity are taken to

the statement of profit or loss, provided that it is possible to determine their fair value. Gains and losses resulting from exchange rate differences on monetary financial assets denominated in foreign currency are recognised in the statement of profit or loss.

At each balance sheet date, the Company assesses whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired, considering those situations that generate such evidence, whether individually or in combination with others. The Group considers evidence of possible impairment to be a significant or prolonged decline in the market value of equity or fixed income securities, individually considered, to below their cost or amortised cost.

When there is a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of an availablefor-sale financial asset, the cumulative loss previously recognised in equity is removed from equity and recognised in the statement of profit or loss for the year, even if the financial asset has not been derecognised. Impairment losses recognised in profit or loss for an investment in an equity instrument classified as available for sale are not reversed through profit or loss for the year. Meanwhile, reversals associated with debt instruments are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. Reversal of impairment is limited to the carrying amount of the investment that would have been recognised at the date of reversal had no impairment been recorded.

In the case of debt securities, value adjustments are made if there is objective evidence that their value has deteriorated as a result of a reduction or delay in the estimated future cash flows, which may be down to the debtor's insolvency.

For investments in equity instruments, the non-recoverability of the asset's carrying amount, evidenced by, for example, a prolonged or significant decline in its fair value, will warrant a value adjustment. On this point, there is a presumption that impairment exists (on a permanent basis) if there has been a decline of more than 40% in the listed value of the asset, or if there has been a prolonged decline in the value of the asset over a period of one and a half years without seeing any recovery in its value. Valuation allowance is the difference between cost or amortised cost less, where applicable, any valuation allowances previously recognised in the statement of profit or loss and the fair value at time of valuation.

For equity instruments measured at cost because their fair value cannot be determined, value adjustments are made for the difference between their carrying amount and recoverable amount, the latter being the higher of fair value less costs to sell and the present value of the cash flows deriving from the investment. Unless there is better evidence of the recoverable amount, the process of estimating the impairment of these investments is based on the equity of the investee, adjusted by any unrealised gains existing at the measurement date.

Value adjustments and, as the case may be, their reversal, are recognised in the statement of profit or loss for the year in which they occur, except for equity instruments, the reversal of which is recorded against equity. Reversal of impairment is limited to the carrying amount of the investment that would have been recognised at the date of reversal had no impairment been recorded.

The fair value of a financial instrument on a given date means the amount for which it could be bought or sold between knowledgeable, willing buyers and sellers on an arm's length basis. The fair values of listed investments are based on current purchase prices. If the market for a financial asset is not active (and for unlisted securities), the Company determines fair value by reference to other substantially similar instruments and estimated future cash flow discounting methods. The

Company may use these models directly or the counterparty who acted as seller may do so.

Derecognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognised when all the risks and rewards of ownership of the asset have been substantially transferred. In the specific case of accounts receivable, this is generally understood to occur if and when the risks of insolvency and default have been transferred.

Conversely, the Group does not derecognise financial assets, and recognises a financial liability for an amount equal to the consideration received, on transfers of financial assets in which substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are retained.

Derecognition of a financial asset entails the recognition, in the statement of profit or loss, of the difference between the carrying amount of the financial asset and the consideration received, including attributable transaction costs. Any liabilities transferred other than the cash or asset assumed are also recognised.

Dividend distribution

Dividend income is recognised as income in the statement of profit or loss when the right to receive payment is established.

System for measuring financial instruments for accounting and supervisory purposes

Financial instruments are valued by taking their price in an active market or, failing that, by applying suitable valuation models and techniques.

An active market is one in which the following conditions exist simultaneously:

The goods or services exchanged in the market are homogeneous.
Buyers or sellers for a given good or service can be found at virtually any time.
The prices are known and readily accessible to the public. These prices must also reflect actual, current and regularly occurring market transactions.

There is no need for the market to be regulated, though it must be transparent and deep. Therefore, prices that are known and readily accessible to the public from financial information providers, and that reflect actual, current and regularly occurring market transactions will be considered as valid prices in an active market. If no price can be found in an active market, the price must be estimated instead through a valuation model or technique, consistent with the accepted methodology used in the market for pricing, while maximising the use of observable market data. For debt instruments, the method of discounting certain or likely flows at a discount rate for credit risk and liquidity risk adjusted to market conditions may be used.

d.2) Financial liabilities

The Group classifies its financial liabilities according to the purpose for which they were acquired. Management determines the classification of its financial liabilities at initial recognition.

Debt and accounts payable

The Company uses this heading to show both trade and non-trade payables.

These debts are initially recognised at fair value adjusted for directly attributable transaction costs, and are subsequently recognised at amortised cost using the effective interest method. The effective interest rate is the discount rate that exactly discounts the carrying value of the instrument to the expected flow of future payments through to maturity of the liability.

However, trade payables with a maturity not exceeding one year and that do not have a contractual interest rate are measured, both initially and subsequently, at their nominal value when the effect of not discounting the cash flows is immaterial.

If existing debts are renegotiated, no substantial change to the financial liability will be deemed to exist when the present value of the cash flows of the new liability, including net fees, does not differ significantly from the present value of the outstanding cash flows under the original liability, both discounted at the effective interest rate of the latter.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

The Company derecognises a financial liability or part of one when it has discharged the underlying obligation or is otherwise legally released from the underlying responsibility, whether by virtue of a court ruling or by the creditor itself.

Derecognition of a financial liability entails the recognition, in the statement of profit or loss, of the difference between the carrying amount of the financial liability and the consideration paid, including attributable transaction costs. Any assets transferred other than the cash or liability assumed are also recognised.

e) Hedge accounting

Hedging derivatives are recognised under "Hedging derivatives" on the assets or liabilities side of the balance sheet, as appropriate.

Hedging derivatives are derivatives whose fair value or future cash flows are intended to offset changes in the fair value or future cash flows of hedged items.

Fair value hedges

Changes in the fair value of derivatives that are designated and qualify as fair value hedges are recognised in the statement of profit or loss, together with any changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability that are attributable to the hedged risk.

Interest rate hedges

Interest rate hedging cover exposure to changes in interest flows attributable to a specific risk associated with interest rate fluctuations. The Company did not designate any such hedges in 2023 or 2022.

Measuring hedge effectiveness

In relation to derivatives held by the Group at year-end 2023 and 2022 that are classified as fair value hedges, the following steps are taken to measure the effectiveness of the hedge:

Firstly, the Company has made a synthetic bond equivalent to payment of a fixed coupon plus the collection of the variable rate (in the Company's case, Euribor 6m + spread). The standard Euribor 6m curve has been used for discounting flows. The present value of the future flows is then

calculated. The final step is to confirm that the difference between both current values falls within the parameters marked as effective hedging (80% - 125%).

f) Income tax

Corporate income tax expense is the amount accruing in the year for that tax, comprising both current and deferred tax expense.

Both current and deferred tax expense are recognised in the statement of profit or loss. However, the tax effect related to items that are recorded directly in equity is recognised in equity.

Current tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amounts expected to be paid to, or recovered from, the tax authorities in accordance with prevailing legislation or approved and pending publication at year-end.

Deferred taxes are calculated, using the liability method, on the temporary differences arising between the tax bases of the assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts. Deferred tax is determined by applying the tax regulations and rates approved or about to be approved at the balance sheet date and that are expected to apply when the corresponding deferred tax asset is realised or the deferred tax liability is settled.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised. Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences arising on investments in subsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, except where the Company is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary differences and it is probable that the reversal will not occur in the foreseeable future.

g) Technical provisions

Provision for unearned premiums

This represents the fraction of premiums written in the period that is recognised in the period between the reporting date and the end of the policy's coverage period on a policy-to-policy basis and using the premium prices accrued during the period as the basis for calculation, net of the loading for contingencies. The accrual of the annual premium for the calculation of the provision for unearned premiums is calculated on a straight-line basis.

Provision for unexpired risks

This complements the provision for unearned premiums where the amount of the latter is not enough to cover the amount of all risks and expenses to be covered during the period of coverage not elapsed since the year end. When calculating this provision, the guarantees are grouped by product and the reference periods of two and four years set out in Article 31 of the ROSSP are applied to the respective segments or commercial products.

Provisions for claims

The provision for claims represents the total amount of the insurance company's outstanding obligations arising from claims to have occurred prior to the reporting date. The Company recognises this provision for an amount that enables it to cover the cost of the claims; i.e. an amount sufficient to cover all external expenses, including late-payment interest and any penalties provided for at law, and internal expenses in managing and processing claims, irrespective of their origin, occurring up until the full settlement and payment of the claims, less any amounts already paid.

The provision for claims in turn comprises the following provisions: the provision for claims pending settlement or payment and for claims not reported, and the provision for internal claims settlement costs.

On 18 January 2008, the Group was authorised by the Directorate-General for Insurance and Pension Funds to apply a statistical approach in calculating the technical provision for claims in the motor segment, in accordance with Additional Provision 18 of Law 20/2015, of 14 July.

On December 29, 2021, the General Directorate of Insurance and Pension Funds sent a resolution of the application file for a change in the statistical methodology used in the automotive sector, in which it authorizes Línea Directa Aseguradora to calculate the technical provisions of benefits in the motor sector using the Merz & Wüthrich stochastic methodology and as a contrast methodology the deterministic methodology of average cost. The methodological change began to be applied at the end of 2021 and did not have a significant impact.

In the provision for benefits in the Home, Assistance and Health segments, for the provision for claims pending settlement or payment, estimates have been made on the basis of an individual analysis of each case file (based on the best information available at year-end). The calculation process is in accordance with the provisions of the Regulation on the Organisation and Supervision of Private Insurance. For the provision of claims pending declaration, the calculation was made according to the formula established by the Regulations on the Administration and Supervision of Private Insurance.

A sufficient amount is posted to the provision to cover internal expenses from claim settlements so as to cover the expenses needed for the resolution of all claims outstanding at the close of the financial year. It is calculated in accordance with the Regulation on the Organisation and Supervision of Private Insurance.

Equalisation reserve

This reserve, unlike those mentioned above, is recognised in the Company's equity and is not available for distribution. Once a year, the Company shall determine the amount by which this reserve for the Motor Third Party Liability segment should be increased, taking into account the security surcharge included in the tariff premiums for certain insurance contracts, as well as the other provisions laid down in the Regulation, which shall be charged to the distribution of profits for the financial year. Once this distribution of earnings has been approved at the General Shareholders' Meeting, the amount is taken to equity. This reserve can only be used to offset deviations in the loss ratio for retained insurance activities. If the Company reports losses in the year, it reports the amount of the equalisation reserve, which, together with the debit balance shown in the statement of profit or loss for the year, shows the amount of the final earnings to be included under "Prior year losses".

According to the second paragraph of article 45 of the ROSSP, the Company is obliged to constitute this reserve for the risk derived from civil liability insurance in motor land vehicles, establishing 35% as an upper limit of constitution of the risk premiums of own retention. In 2023 and 2022, the Company decided, due to the claims incurred, to apply the equalisation reserve, which meant that the reserve once again fell below the limit and was therefore re-posted in accordance with the regulations.

h) Reinsurers' share of technical provisions

Technical provisions for ceded reinsurance are calculated in the same way as described for direct insurance, taking into account, where appropriate, the specific terms of the reinsurance contracts underwritten for each modality or segment.

i) Termination benefits

In accordance with current legislation, the Company is obligated to pay compensation to those employees whose employment relationship is terminated under certain conditions. Therefore, termination benefits that can be reasonably quantified are reported as an expense in the year in

which the relevant decision is reached and a valid expectation is created vis-à-vis third parties regarding the dismissal.

j) Employee benefits

The Company has post-employment pension obligations classified as defined contribution plans and as defined benefit plans.

The Company's obligations with its employees with regard to retirement or similar pension plans are fully externalised, in compliance with the legislation in force regarding the externalisation of pension obligations (Royal Decree 1588/1999 of 15 October, approving the Regulations on the externalisation of company pension obligations with employees and beneficiaries).

The aforementioned insurance policies are considered "plan assets" as they are not owned by the Company, rather by a separate legal entity that is not a related party, as they are only available to pay or finance employee remuneration and cannot return to the Company, except where the assets attached to the plan are sufficient to honour all of the obligations.

This collective bargaining agreement also includes coverage for death and disability of employees during the period in which they remain in active service.

Defined contributions

The current General State Collective Agreement for Insurance, Reinsurance and Occupational Accident Mutual Societies ushers in a new employee benefits system implemented through a collective life insurance policy suitable for the externalisation of pension commitments in accordance with the provisions of Royal Decree 1588/1999, of 29 November. The Company will contribute an annual premium per employee of 1.9% of their base salary to this insurance policy by no later than 30 September of each year, bearing in mind that employees who had provided services at the same company for 10 years of more will be entitled to have their vested rights recognised in the insurance policy.

This insurance policy applies to employees hired from 1 January 2017 onward and those who have voluntarily opted to transfer to this new modality. For employees adhered to the old plan who opted to avail themselves of this option, there was a transfer of the mathematical reserve.

The Company has also assumed a retirement commitment with certain executives, which has been externalised in the form of an insurance policy.

The Company records the contributions to be made to defined contribution plans progressively as the employees render their services. The amount of accrued contributions is recorded as an employee benefits expense and as a liability after deducting any amounts already paid. In the event that the amounts paid exceed the accrued expense, the corresponding assets are only recognised to the extent that they can be applied to reductions in future payments or result in a cash refund.

Defined benefit plans

Employees hired prior to 1 January 2017 may choose between the system described above and the financial incentive for retirement, whereby if an employee asks to retire in the month in which he or she reaches the normal retirement age defined by Social Security legislation to be eligible for the retirement pension, the company will pay, in a lump sum, an amount equal to one month of salary per five years of service, capped at 10 months, the limit of which will be reached at 30 years of service at the company where the employee is retiring.

The Company includes in defined benefit plans those funded through the payment of insurance premiums where there is a legal or constructive obligation to pay benefits directly to employees

when they fall due or to pay additional amounts if the insurer fails to pay benefits for services rendered by employees in the year or in prior years.

The expense or income relating to defined benefit plans is recognised under employee benefits expenses and is obtained by adding the net amount of the current year services cost and the net interest cost of the net defined benefit liability or asset. The remeasured amount of the net defined benefit liability or asset is recognised in other comprehensive income. This amount comprises actuarial gains and losses, the net return on plan assets and any changes in the effects of the asset ceiling, excluding amounts included in the net interest on the liability or asset. The costs of administering plan assets and any plan-specific taxes, beyond those included in the actuarial assumptions, are deducted from the net return on plan assets. Amounts deferred in other comprehensive income are reclassified to retained earnings in the same period.

In addition, if the plan assets include eligible insurance policies whose cash flows correspond exactly in amounts and timing to some or all of the benefits payable under the plan, their fair value is equal to the present value of the related payment obligations.

Payments for share-based services and goods

The Chief Executive Officer as well as the Management Committee of the Company participate in a Group remuneration plan of which the Company is the parent company, based on shares as a consequence of the listing of the Company. The purpose of this Plan approved by the General Shareholders' Meeting on 18 March 2021 is to offer its members the possibility of receiving a certain number of shares in the next three years of the Entity's IPO date (Note 22).

The Company acknowledges services received in a transaction with share-based payments, at the time such services are received. Since the services are settled in equity instruments, a decrease in equity is recognised.

The Company recognises transactions with share-based payments settled by the Company's equity instruments for the fair value of the goods or services received, unless such fair value cannot be reliably estimated, in which case the value is determined by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments distributed.

Deliveries of equity instruments in consideration of services provided by Employees of the Group or third parties providing similar services are valued by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments offered.

k) Provision and credit for payments and recoveries under settlement agreements

The Company recognises the estimated amount due to policyholders from the insurer of the injured party and the recoveries made by the latter upon enforcing the settlement agreements.

l) Non-technical income and expenses

The Company has other revenue not derived from the insurance business, such as roadside assistance services or vehicle repairs and appraisals, all of which are provided to third parties outside the Group, as well as commissions on the sale of insurance products of other entities, remuneration for call forwarding and income from credit card surcharges.

Non-technical income and expenses are recognised as they accrue and taking into account the correlation between the income generated and the corresponding expenses.

m) Related-party transactions

As a general rule, transactions between the Company and a group company are initially recognised at fair value. If the agreed price differs from its fair value, the difference is recorded to

reflect the economic reality of the transaction. These transactions are subsequently measured in accordance with the relevant standards.

n) Provisions and contingencies

Contingent liabilities are possible obligations arising from past events whose materialisation is conditional upon the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events beyond the Company's control. These contingent liabilities are not recognised in the accounts, though they may be disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.

Provisions are recognised for obligations such as litigation in progress, indemnities or other obligations of undetermined amount or timing when the Company has a present obligation arising from a past event, and it is probable that an outflow of resources will be required to settle the obligation based on a reliable estimate of the amount of the obligation.

Provisions are measured at the present value of the best possible estimate of the amount required to settle or transfer the obligation, taking into account available information on the event and its consequences. Any adjustments arising from the updating of these provisions are recognised as a financial expense as it accrues. If the liabilities mature within one year, they are recognised at the nominal value of the obligation.

Meanwhile, compensation to be received from a third party at the time the obligation is settled provided there is no doubt that such reimbursement will be received— is recognised as an asset, except where there is a legal relationship through which part of the risk has been externalised and by virtue of which the Company is not liable. In this situation, the compensation will be taken into account when estimating the amount at which the corresponding provision, if any, should be posted.

o) Income and expenditure – reclassification of expenditure by purpose

Income is recorded at the fair value of the consideration to be received and represents amounts receivable for goods delivered and services rendered in the ordinary course of the Company's business, less discounts and value added tax. Expenses are recognised as they accrue and taking into account the correlation between the income generated and the corresponding expenses.

However, the Company only records profits that have realised by year-end, while foreseeable risks and possible losses arising in the year or in a previous year are reported as soon as they become known.

Financial income and expenses arising from investments related to insurance activity are recognised in the statement of profit or loss for the non-life insurance business. The remainder is recorded in the statement of profit or loss for other activities.

Other income and expenses are distributed accordingly on the basis of net premiums written, except expenses attributable to claims, which are recognised on the basis of the provision for claims.

Direct insurance

Business premiums are recognised as income over the term of the contracts on an accruals basis and are accrued by posting the provision for unearned premiums.

Reinsurers' share

Premiums from ceded reinsurance are recognised on the basis of the reinsurance contracts underwritten and by applying the same criteria used for direct insurance.

Reclassification of expenses by purpose

The reclassification of expenses by type to expenses by purpose has been made on the basis of the following criteria:

Purpose-specific costs incurred have been classified directly as such.
Staff expenses are distributed according to the percentage of estimated dedication to each of the purposes.
Costs that cannot be charged directly are distributed according to the estimated percentage of personnel dedication for each of the purposes.

The following purposes have been established:

Claims-related expenses
Investment-related expenses
Acquisition costs
Administration expenses
Other technical expenses
Other non-technical expenses

Expenses have been allocated to the different segments based on the Business Unit at which the activity originated.

p) Leases

Under operational leasing arrangements, the lessor retains ownership of the leased asset and substantially all the risks and rewards relating to the asset.

Income and expenses arising from operating lease agreements are charged to the statement of profit or loss in the year in which they accrue.

Any collection or payment that may be made on entering into an operating lease is treated as a collection or advance payment to be charged to profit and loss over the lease term, as the benefits and rewards of the leased asset are transferred or received.

q) Foreign currency transactions

The Company's functional currency is the euro. Consequently, transactions in non-euro currencies are deemed to be denominated in foreign currency and are recognised at the exchange rates prevailing on the relevant transaction date.

At year-end, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currency are converted into euro at the exchange rate prevailing at the balance sheet date. The profit or loss for the year is taken to the statement of profit or loss.

Changes in the fair value of money instruments denominated in foreign currency classified as available for sale are analysed for translation differences resulting from changes in the amortised cost of the security and other changes in the carrying amount. The translation difference is recognised in profit and loss and other changes in the carrying amount are taken to equity.

r) Accrued income (assets)

This heading mainly shows accrued interest not yet due on financial investments to the extent that this does not form part of the repayment value obtained by applying the contractual interest rate of the financial instrument.

s) Equity

The share capital is represented by common shares. The costs of issuing new shares or options are charged directly to equity, as a reduction in reserves.

Where the Company's own shares are acquired, the consideration paid, including any directly attributable incremental costs, is deducted from equity until the shares are redeemed, reissued or otherwise disposed of. When these shares are sold or subsequently reissued, any amount received, net of any directly attributable incremental transaction costs, is taken to equity.

The Company's capital management policy aims to maintain a strong capital position.

The Board of Directors is ultimately responsible for the control and management of the Group's risks and solvency, and therefore monitors the Group's capital position, solvency requirements and available solvency.

Capital management is based on ensuring that the Company has sufficient capitalisation to meet financial obligations; optimising the capital structure through an efficient allocation of resources and managing capital adequacy taking into account the economic, accounting, capital requirements and capital targets set in the risk appetite.

To achieve this, the Company carries out an annual Own Risk and Solvency Assessment (ORSA), based on the outlook for the Group's business and the market. This allows the Group to prospectively project its assets and liabilities and earnings, which in turn can be used to evaluate the likely future performance of the various risks under management, quantify them and estimate changes in solvency and available solvency requirements.

The Parent is required to quantify its solvency ratio, meaning the ratio between available own funds and the solvency capital requirement.

The calculation of the Solvency Capital Requirement is regulated by Directive 2009/138 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 November 2009 on the taking-up and pursuit of the business of Insurance and Reinsurance (Solvency II), as implemented by Commission Delegated Regulation 2015/35 of 10 October 2014 supplementing Directive 2009-138 EC and its subsequent amendments.

The Solvency Capital Requirement is calculated for the following sub-risks, which are the main subrisks of an insurance company: underwriting risk, market risk, counterparty risk and operational risk.

The aim is to maintain an adequate level of solvency. When determining the adequate level of solvency, the risk profile, the results of capital planning for the coming years at the Company at an individual level, the minimum levels required by the regulations and the existing criteria and regulations for optimal capital management were all taken into consideration. The Company's solvency ratio was 180% in 2023 and 188% in 2022.

5. Property, plant and equipment and investment property

a) Property, plant and equipment

At 31 December 2023 and 2022, the balances of property, plant and equipment in the accompanying balance sheets and the changes therein in those years break down as follows:

2023

	Land	Buildings	Plant	IT equipment	Furniture and other property, plant and equipment	Assets in course of construction	Total property, plant and equipment
Cost at 31.12.22	16,965	23,853	18,759	11,675	5,630	260	77,142
Additions	-		339	1,114	-	2	1,455
Withdrawals	-	(2)	-	(2,054)	-	-	(2,056)
Transfers	-	13	249	-	-	(262)	-
Cost at 31.12.23	16,965	23,864	19,347	10,735	5,630	-	76,541
Accumulated depreciation at 31.12.22	-	(7,312)	(14,207)	(9,008)	(4,274)	-	(34,801)
Additions	-	-	-	-	(1,233)	-	(1,233)
Withdrawals	-	(477)	-	697	-	-	220
Accumulated depreciation at 31.12.23	-	(7,789)	(14,207)	(8,311)	(5,507)	-	(35,814)
Impairment allowances at 31.12.22	(2,115)	-	-	-	-	-	(2,115)
Application (allowance) in the period	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Impairment allowances at 31.12.23	(2,115)	-	-	-	-	-	(2,115)
Carrying amount at 31.12.2023	14,850	16,075	5,140	2,424	123	-	38,612

2022:

	Land	Buildings	Plant	IT equipment	Furniture and other property, plant and equipment	Assets in course of construction	Total property, plant and equipment
Cost at 31.12.21	16,965	23,811	17,844	14,703	5,541	98	78,962
Additions	-	42	827	596	89	250	1,804
Withdrawals	-	-	-	(3,624)	-	-	(3,624)
Transfers	-	-	88	-	-	(88)	-
Cost at 31.12.22	16,965	23,853	18,759	11,675	5,630	260	77,142
Accumulated depreciation at 31.12.21	-	(6,835)	(13,257)	(11,231)	(3,950)	-	(35,273)
Additions	-	(477)	(950)	(1,401)	(324)	-	(3,152)
Withdrawals	-	-	-	3,624	-	-	3,624
Accumulated depreciation at 31.12.22	-	(7,312)	(14,207)	(9,008)	(4,274)	-	(34,801)
Impairment allowances at 31.12.21	(2,115)	-	-	-	-	-	(2,115)
Application (allowance) in the period	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Impairment allowances at 31.12.22	(2,115)	-	-	-	-	-	(2,115)
Carrying amount at 31.12.2022	14,850	16,541	4,552	2,667	1,356	260	40,226

In 2023, € 2,054 thousand of equipment for information processing were derecognised. In 2022, the Company derecognised property, plant and equipment amounting to € 3,624 thousand.

At 31 December 2023 and 2022, no impairment losses were recognised.

Fully depreciated items of property, plant and equipment assets still in use at 31 December 2023 and 2022 amounted to:

	2023	2022
Plant	11,007	9,860
IT equipment	5,513	6,369
Furniture and other property, plant and equipment	2,683	2,540
	19,203	18,769

The Company has taken out insurance policies with third parties to cover risks that could affect its property, plant and equipment. The coverage provided under these policies is considered sufficient.

There is no property, plant and equipment subject to guarantees or reversion events. The depreciation rates used are described in Note 4-b to these financial statements.

The following table provides a breakdown of the fair value at 31 December 2023 and 2022 of the items included under property, plant and equipment, such fair value as determined by an authorised property valuation company (see Note 4 b):

		2023
Description	Cost value	Accumulated depreciation	Impairment	Net carrying amount	Market value
Land and buildings at I. Newton 7, Tres Cantos	5,394	(2,015)	-	3,379	11,314
Land and buildings at I. Newton 9, Tres Cantos	7,371	(1,500)	(734)	5,137	5,457
Land and buildings at Ronda Europa 7, Tres Cantos	21,853	(4,003)	(1,275)	16,575	17,413
Land and buildings at Torres Quevedo 1, Tres Cantos	6,210	(269)	(106)	5,835	7,860
	40,828	(7,787)	(2,115)	30,926	42,044

		2022
Description	Cost value	Accumulated depreciation	Impairment	Net carrying amount	Market value
Land and buildings at I. Newton 7, Tres Cantos	5,394	(1,920)	-	3,474	11,314
Land and buildings at I. Newton 9, Tres Cantos	7,371	(1,423)	(734)	5,214	5,457
Land and buildings at Ronda Europa 7, Tres Cantos	21,853	(3,766)	(1,275)	16,812	17,413
Land and buildings at Torres Quevedo 1, Tres Cantos	6,199	(201)	(105)	5,893	7,860
	40,817	(7,310)	(2,114)	31,393	42,044

The market value is based on the comparison method (based on the replacement principle), which values property assets by comparison with other property values on the market and, on the basis of concrete information on actual transactions and firm offers, derives current cash purchase prices for these properties on the basis of homogenisation coefficients (Level 2).

b) Investment property

This item corresponds to the net cost of a property that the Company leases from another Group company, namely Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones, CAR. S.L.U. The Company has operated its business out of this property since December 2011.

The following table shows changes in this heading in 2023 and 2022.

2023

	Land	Buildings	Total investment property
Cost at 31.12.22	940	1,407	2,347
Additions	-	-	-
Withdrawals	-	-	-
Cost at 31.12.23	940	1,407	2,347
Accumulated depreciation at 31.12.22	-	(315)	(315)
Additions	-	(28)	(28)
Withdrawals	-	-	-
Accumulated depreciation at 31.12.23	-	(343)	(343)
Impairment allowances at 31.12.22	(137)	-	(137)
Allowance in the period	-	-	-
Amounts utilised in the period	-	-	-
Impairment allowances at 31.12.23	(137)	-	(137)
Carrying amount at 31.12.2023	803	1,064	1,867

2022:

	Land	Buildings	Total investment property
Cost at 31.12.21	940	1,407	2,347
Additions	-	-	-
Withdrawals	-	-	-
Cost at 31.12.22	940	1,407	2,347
Accumulated depreciation at 31.12.21	-	(287)	(287)
Additions	-	(28)	(28)
Withdrawals	-	-	-
Accumulated depreciation at 31.12.22	-	(315)	(315)
Impairment allowances at 31.12.21	(137)	-	(137)
Allowance in the period	-	-	-
Amounts utilised in the period	-	-	-
Impairment allowances at 31.12.22	(137)	-	(137)
Carrying amount at 31.12.2022	803	1,092	1,895

			2023
Description	Cost value	Accumulated depreciation	Impairment	Net carrying amount	Market value
Land and buildings at Avda. El Sol 9, Torrejón de Ardoz	2,347	(343)	(137)	1,867	1,911
	2,347	(343)	(137)	1,867	1,911
			2022
Description	Cost value	Accumulated depreciation	Impairment	Net carrying amount	Market value
Land and buildings at Avda. El Sol 9,

Details of fair value at 31 December 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

The rent paid to the subsidiary Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones CAR, S.L.U. for the lease of this property amounted to € 113 thousand in 2023 (€ 107 thousand in 2022), as recognised under "Income from investment property" in the technical statement of profit or loss. The last appraisal of the property was carried out on 28 September 2022.

Torrejón de Ardoz 2,347 (315) (137) 1,895 1,911

2,347 (315) (137) 1,895 1,911

All properties were insured against the risk of fire and third-party liability in 2023 and 2022.

6. Intangible assets

At 31 December 2023 and 2022, the balance of this heading related entirely to software. Changes in 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

2023

In thousand euro	Software	Assets in course of construction	Other	Total intangible assets
Cost at 31/12/22	94,924	4,892	-	99,816
Additions	2,396	3,949	12,386	18,731
Withdrawals	(7,777)	-	-	(7,777)
Transfers	3,903	(3,903)	-	-
Cost at 31/12/23	93,446	4,938	12,386	110,770
Accumulated amortisation at 31/12/22	(85,350)	-	-	(85,350)
Additions	-	-	-	-
Withdrawals	3,766	-	-	3,766
Accumulated amortisation at 31/12/23	(81,584)	-	-	(81,584)
Accumulated impairment losses	-	-	-	-
Carrying amount at 31/12/2023	11,862	4,938	12,386	29,186

2022

In thousand euro	Software	Assets in course of construction	Total intangible assets
Cost at 31/12/21	92,675	2,304	94,979
Additions	1,320	3,518	4,838
Withdrawals	-	-	-
Transfers	930	(930)	-
Cost at 31/12/22	94,924	4,892	99,817
Accumulated amortisation at 31/12/21	(80,918)	-	(80,918)
Additions	(4,332)	-	(4,332)
Withdrawals	-	-	-
Accumulated amortisation at 31/12/22	(85,350)	-	(85,350)
Accumulated impairment losses	-	-	-
Carrying amount at 31/12/2022	9,574	4,892	14,467

Additions recognised in 2023 largely related to the acquisition of software licenses and other rights of use, while in 2022 they related to technological developments and the purchase of software licenses.

Fully amortised intangible assets at 31 December 2023 and 2022 amounted to € 71,484 thousand and € 74,126 thousand, respectively.

At 31 December 2023 and 2022, there were no intangible assets subject to guarantees or reversals.

The Group considers that rights of use are an intangible asset with a useful life of 10 years and therefore will be amortised taking into account this criterion.

7. Other assets

The following table provides a breakdown of this heading at 31 December 2023 and 2022.

	2023	2022
Acquisition costs	88,690	94,608
Accruals	10,668	9,425
Other	290	-
	99,648	104,033

Deferred acquisition expenses relate to expenses directly attributable to the collection of premiums that accrue annually over the term of the policy, mainly commission expenses and marketing expenses.

Deferred acquisition expenses are recognised in accordance with the accounting principles explained in Note 4 c). Changes in 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	2023	2022
Balance at the beginning of the year	94,608	87,219
Additions	99,648	94,608
Withdrawals	(94,608	(87,219)
Balance at the end of the year	) 99,648	94,608

Additions shows acquisition expenses for the year that are to be accrued in the following year, in correlation with the income earned from premiums written in each year. Unearned premium income corresponds to the unearned premium provision at that date. Withdrawals for each year relate to the derecognition of accrued acquisition expenses from the previous year.

The sub-heading "Accruals and prepayments" mainly includes accrued and unmatured explicit interest on bank deposits and available-for-sale fixed-income investments amounting to € 5,846 thousand (€ 6,119 thousand in 2022). It also shows the cost of certain prepaid services that will accrue in 2023, for a total of € 4,821 thousand (€ 3.306 thousand in 2022).

8. Overview of the Company and its activities

8.1 Information on the relevance of financial instruments to the Company's equity and earnings

8.1.1 Information related to the balance sheet

Financial assets and liabilities fell into the following categories at the end of 2023 and 2022:

2023:

	Cash and	Available-for-sale financial assets		Loans and		Holdings in group
Financial assets	cash equivalents	At fair value	At cost		receivables	Derivatives	companies and associates	Total
Equity instruments:	-	83,860		6	-	-	68,904	152,770
- Financial investments in capital	-	32,152		6	-	-	68,904	101,062
- Units/interests in mutual funds	-	51,708		-	-	-	-	51,708
- Units/interests in private equity funds	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
- Other equity instruments	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
Debt securities:	-	743,684		-	-	-	-	743,684
- Fixed-income securities	-	743,684		-	-	-	-	743,684
- Other debt securities	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
Derivatives	-		-	-	-	5,492	-	5,492
Loans:	-		-	-	21,528	-	-	21,528
- Loans and advances on policies	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
- Loans to group companies	-		-	-	21,528	-	-	21,528
- Mortgage loans	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
- Other loans	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
Deposits with credit institutions	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
Deposits posted on accepted reinsurance	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
Receivables on direct insurance business:	-		-	-	61,602	-	-	61,602
Policyholders:	-		-	-	61,602	-	-	61,602
- Premium payments outstanding	-		-	-	62,783	-	-	62,783
- Provision for outstanding premiums	-		-	-	(1,181)	-	-	(1,181)
Receivables on reinsurance business:	-		-	-	7,019	-	-	7,019
- Outstanding balances with reinsurers	-		-	-	7,019	-	-	7,019
- Provision for impairment of balances subject to reinsurance	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
Receivables on coinsurance business:	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
- Outstanding balances with coinsurers	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
- Provision for impairment of balances subject to coinsurance	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
Called up share capital	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
Other receivables:	-		-	-	45,472	-	-	45,472
- Tax and social security receivable	-		-	-	1,040	-	-	1,040
- Other receivables	-		-	-	44,432	-	-	44,432
Other financial assets	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
Cash	31,757		-	-	-	-	-	31,757
Balance at 31 December 2023	31,757	827,544		6	135,621	5,492		68,904 1,069,324

2022:

	Cash and cash	Available-for-sale financial assets		Loans and		Holdings in group
Financial assets	equivalents	At fair value	At cost	receivables	Derivatives	companies and associates	Total
Equity instruments:	-	85,093	6	-	-	69,494	154,593
- Financial investments in capital	-	38,754	6	-	-	69,494	108,254
- Units/interests in mutual funds	-	46,339	-	-	-	-	46,339
- Units/interests in private equity funds	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
- Other equity instruments	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Debt securities:	-	612,672	-	-	-	-	612,672
- Fixed-income securities	-	612,672	-	-	-	-	612,672
- Other debt securities	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Derivatives	-	-	-	-	7,844	-	7,844
Loans:	-	-	-	22,139	-	-	22,139
- Loans and advances on policies	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
- Loans to group companies	-	-	-	22,139	-	-	22,139
- Mortgage loans	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
- Other loans	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Deposits with credit institutions	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Deposits posted on accepted	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
reinsurance Receivables on direct insurance business:	-	-	-	58,524	-	-	58,524
Policyholders:	-	-	-	58,524	-	-	58,524
- Premium payments outstanding	-	-	-	59,485	-	-	59,485
- Provision for outstanding premiums	-	-	-	(961)	-	-	(961)
Receivables on reinsurance business:	-	-	-	12,290	-	-	12,290
- Outstanding balances with reinsurers	-	-	-	12,290	-	-	12,290
- Provision for impairment of balances subject to reinsurance	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Receivables on coinsurance business:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
- Outstanding balances with coinsurers	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
- Provision for impairment of balances subject to coinsurance	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Called up share capital	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other receivables:	-	-	-	47,148	-	-	47,148
- Tax and social security receivable	-	-	-	1,040	-	-	1,040
- Other receivables	-	-	-	46,108	-	-	46,108
Other financial assets	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Cash	44,040	-	-	-	-	-	44,040
Balance at 31 December 2022	44,040	697,765	6	140,101	7,844	69,494	959,250

	Debt and accounts payable		Hedging derivatives
Financial liabilities	2023	2022	2023	2022
Due on direct insurance business	3	2	-	-
- Due to policyholders	2	2	-	-
- Due to agents, brokers and intermediaries	1	481	-	-
- Conditional claims	-	-	-	-
Due on reinsurance business:	1	1	-	-
Other debts	47	41	-	-
- Tax and social security payable	14	15	-	-
- Due to group companies and associates (Notes 5, 13 and 15)	192	276	-	-
- Other payables (Note 13)	33	26	-	-
Hedging derivatives	-	-	-	-
Total	51	45	-	-

The classification of financial assets by maturity, for those with a given or determinable maturity for each asset category, was as follows at 31 December 2023 and 2022:

	Financial assets
	2024	2025	2026	2027	2028	Subsequent periods	Total
Investments in group companies and associates	21	363	363	-	-	-	22
- Loans to group companies (Note 15)	21	363	363	-	-	-	22
- Debt securities (Note 15)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other financial investments:	221	89	90	47	41	255	744
- Debt securities	221	89	90	47	41	255	744
- Deposits with credit institutions	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
31 December 2023	242	89	91	47	41	255	765

	Financial assets
	2023	2024	2025	2026	2027	Subsequent periods	Total
Investments in group companies and associates	2,750	18,663	363	363	-	-	22,139
- Loans to group companies (Note 15)	2,750	18,663	363	363	-	-	22,139
- Debt securities (Note 15)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Other financial investments:	124,097	46,689	58,652	102,541	35,460	245,232	612,671
- Debt securities	124,097	46,689	58,652	102,541	35,460	245,232	612,671
- Deposits with credit institutions	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
31 December 2022	126,847	65,352	59,015	102,904	35,460	245,232	634,810

Receivables on insurance operations for December 2023 and 2022 mature in 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Debts included under financial liabilities at 31 December 2023 and 2022 mature in 2024 and 2023, respectively.

8.1.1.1 Available-for-sale financial assets

At the end of 2023 and 2022, this heading showed € 32,158 thousand and € 38,760 thousand in shares, respectively, together with units and interests in investment and private equity funds amounting to € 51,708 thousand and € 46,339 thousand, respectively.

The total investment in equities included the sum of € 10,550 thousand at 31 December 2023 (€ 10,175 thousand in 2022) in two listed real estate investment trusts in which a Bankinter Group financial institution holds a stake.

It also includes € 743,684 thousand and € 612,672 thousand (2023 and 2022, respectively) in fixed income securities, of which € 4,747.06 thousand related to Group companies in 2023 and € 3,474.98 thousand in 2022 (see Note 15).

At 31 December 2023 and 2022, there were no impairment losses due to credit risk or the impairment of assets under this heading.

The amount of accrued and non-overdue interest on fixed income assets under this heading amounts to € 5,847 thousand at the end of 2023 (€ 6,119 thousand at the end of 2022) and is included under the heading "Other assets -Accruals" on the assets side of the accompanying balance sheet. The average return on the fixed income portfolio in 2023 was 2.60% (2.48% in 2022).

8.1.1.2 Loans and receivables

a) Loans to group companies and associates

This heading breaks down as follows at 31 December 2023 and 2022:

	2023	2022
Loans to companies
Loan to LDActivos, S.L.U.	18,300	18,300
Loan to Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones, CAR, S.L.U.	1,091	1,454
Loans to LD Asistencia, S.L.U.	1,135	1,180
Loans to LDActivos, S.L.U.	1,038	1,088
Loans to Ámbar Medline, S.L.U.	1	(2)
Loans to Moto Club LDA, S.L.U.	5	11
Loans to Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones, CAR, S.L.U.	(42)	33
Loans to LDA Reparaciones, S.L.U.	-	76
Balance at 31 December	21,528	22,139

In July 2014, the Company granted its subsidiary LDActivos, S.L.U. a loan of € 19,300 thousand for the acquisition in cash of a property the latter company intended to lease out as part of its corporate purpose. In November 2020, the partial repayment of this loan was carried out for an amount of € 4,000 thousand, leaving the principal at € 15,300 thousand. In December 2021, the loan was extended by € 3,000 thousand, leaving a new principal amount of € 18,300 thousand bearing interest at three per cent per annum, payable monthly, with a repayment period of up to ten years, and the lender may repay the loan early. The Company's directors consider that this loan will be repaid in full before the contract expires, as the Company, as sole shareholder, had undertaken to provide its subsidiary with all the liquidity needed to repay the loan.

In 2023, the interest income on this loan amounted to € 549 thousand (€ 549 thousand in 2022), as recognised under "Income from property, plant and equipment and investments – Income from investment property" in the accompanying non-life insurance technical account. All such interest had been collected at 31 December 2023.

The loan granted to Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones CAR, S.L.U. is a participation loan signed on 21 July 2011, with a principal of € 1,232 thousand. On 19 April 2018, an agreement was signed to extend this loan by a further € 600 thousand. The loan was then ended for a further € 1,560 thousand in May 2020. A total balance of € 1,454 thousand remained outstanding at 31 December 2021, subject to the same 10-year term with interest consisting of a fixed component (Euribor + 1 percentage point) and a variable component (8% of pre-tax profits obtained by the borrower, payable from when there is no impairment). A fixed amount of € 363 thousand in principal will be repaid at the end of each year.

Changes in the balances of this loan in 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	2023	2022
Balance at the beginning of the year	1,454	1,817
Additions	-	-
Repayments	(363)	(363)
Balance at the end of the year	1,091	1,454

At 31 December 2023, there was a total of € 26 thousand in outstanding accrued interest (€ 14 thousand at 31 December 2022).

The loans to LD Asistencia, S.L.U., LDActivos, S.L.U., Ámbar Medline, S.L.U., Moto Club LDA, S.L.U., Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones CAR, S.L.U. and LDA Reparaciones, S.L.U. relate to the balances payable by these companies to Tax Consolidation Group 485/15, of which Línea Directa Aseguradora is the Parent (see Note 17). These amounts do not accrue interest and will be settled after final settlement of corporate income tax for the Tax Consolidation Group.

b) Receivables on direct insurance business

This heading shows loans to policyholders for premium receipts that are overdue and for premium fractions yet to be issued.

The correction for impairment of the premiums pending collection is calculated according to the criteria established by the Accounting Plan of Insurance Entities in its second section "recognition and measurement rules", taking into account the age of the outstanding payments and the experience for the tranche between zero and three months. Outstanding payments with an age of between three and six months are provisioned for impairment at 50% of their value, while those over six months are provisioned at 100%. The amount of outstanding payments with an age of more than three months has a non-significant amount.

This heading breaks down as follows at 31 December 2023 and 2022:

Receivables	Impairment

	from policyholders	Impairment adjustment	Total
Balance at 31 December 2023	62,783	(1,181)	61,602
Balance at 31 December 2022	59,485	(961)	58,524

c) Receivables and payables on reinsurance business

This heading shows claims and debts with reinsurers at year end, broken down by type of reinsurance (see Note 13 to these financial statements for further information on debts and payables):

	2023		2022
	Receivable	Payable	Receivable	Payable
Reinsurance – Penalties and other guarantees	-	-	-	1,363
Reinsurance XL	-	1,351	2,401	-
Quota share reinsurance	7,019	-	9,889	-
	7,019	1,351	12,290	1,363

The receivables and payables for the Reinsurance Quota Part correspond to the health business.

d) Other receivables

	2023	2022
Tax and social security receivable	1,040	1,040
Bonds and deposits	17	17
Receivables from recoveries and claims	41,255	42,551
Receivables under claim settlement agreements	2,441	2,690
Sundry receivables	264	262
Receivable from group companies and associates (Note 15)	455	588
	45,472	47,148

The sub-heading "Receivables from recoveries and claims" corresponds to the balances to be recovered for claims whose recoverability is sufficiently guaranteed at the end of the year. The analysis to establish the guarantee of the balance to be recovered is carried out individually for each claim taking into account the objective circumstances that occurred in the processing of the same, such as: acceptance of fault by the other insurer, favourable court rulings, etc. The amount recognised in 2023 amounted to € 41,255 thousand (€ 42,551 thousand in 2022).

This sub-heading shows both the recoveries that come from recoveries of agreement claims modules in which the insured party of the Company is non-culpable (€ 26,513 thousand in 2023 and € 24,808 thousand in 2022) and recoveries that come from non-claims settlement claims (€ 14,742 thousand in 2023 and € 17,743 thousand in 2022).

8.1.1.3 Holdings in group companies and associates

At 31 December 2023 and 2022, the Company owned 100% of the share capital of its subsidiaries. This heading of the accompanying balance sheets at 31 December 2023 and 2022, including the relevant carrying amounts, breaks down as follows:

		2023
Subsidiary	Carrying Capital and amount of the share holding premium		Reserves	Profit/(loss) for the year	Dividends paid
Línea Directa Asistencia, S.L.U.	418	30	5,100	2,996	2,800
Moto Club LDA, S.L.U.	3	3	136	16	-
Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones CAR, S.L.U.	2,103	600	636	(290)	-
Ambar Medline, S.L.U.	303	303	111	13	-
LDActivos, S.L.U.	67,234	67,234	19,746	2,965	-
LDA Reparaciones, S.L.U.	-	-	-	-	-
Impairment on holdings in related parties	(1,157)	-	-	-	-
Total	68,904	68,170	25,729	5,700	2,800

		2022
Subsidiary	Carrying Capital and amount of the share holding premium		Reserves	Profit/(loss) for the year	Dividends paid
Línea Directa Asistencia, S.L.U.	418	30	4,650	2,450	16,000
Moto Club LDA, S.L.U.	3	3	117	19	-
Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones CAR, S.L.U.	2,103	600	526	110	-
Ambar Medline, S.L.U.	303	303	109	2	-
LDActivos, S.L.U.	67,234	67,234	15,553	2,193	-
LDA Reparaciones, S.L.U.	300	300	335	142	-
Impairment on holdings in related parties	(867)	-	-	-	-
Total	69,494	68,470	21,290	4,916	16,000

On 15 July 2022, the General Shareholders' Meeting of LDA Activos S.L.U., of which the Company is the Sole Shareholder, approved a capital increase amounting to € 3,600 thousand, bringing Capital and Issue premium to € 67,234 thousand at year-end 2023 (€ 67,234 thousand in 2022). On 24 September 2021, the Sole Shareholder of Ambar Medline, S.L.U decided to make a capital reduction with the aim of partially returning the capital contributions made by the Sole Shareholder through the proportional cancellation of shares. Following the reduction, the company's share capital stood at € 303 thousand.

A provision for impairment of the investment held in Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones CAR, S.L.U. was recognised at 31 December 2023 for a total of € 1,157 thousand (€ 867 thousand at 31 December 2022). Changes in the provision were as follows:

	2023	2022
Balance at the beginning of the year	867	977
Allowances	290	-
Amounts utilised	-	(110)
Balance at the end of the year	1,157	867

In 2023, the subsidiary Línea Directa Asistencia, S.L.U. paid out an interim dividend of € 2,800 thousand (in 2022, it paid out a dividend of € 14,000 thousand charged to its unrestricted reserves and € 2,000 thousand charged to profit for 2022). These dividends are recorded under the heading "Income from property, plant and equipment and investments – Income from investment property" in the accompanying non-technical account for each year.

8.1.1.4 Hedging derivatives

The Company has included one swap under this heading, the value of which amounted € 5,492 thousand at 31 December 2023 (€ 7,844 thousand at 31 December 2022).

		2023
Item	Initial value	Accumulated impairment	Impairment adjustment	Valuation adjustment	Purchases /Sales	Final value
SWAP	7,844	-	-	(2,352)	-	5,492
SWAP	-	-	-	-	-	-
Total	7,844	-	-	(2,352)	-	5,492

		2022
Item	Initial value	Accumulated impairment	Impairment adjustment	Valuation adjustment	Purchases /Sales	Final value
SWAP	(5,970)	-	-	13,814	-	7,844
SWAP	(2,952)	-	-	3,602	(650)	-
Total	(8,922)	-	-	17,416	(650)	7,844

The fair value has been provided by the financial institution, which acts as counterparty.

The following table shows the type of contracts guaranteed:

Type of asset	Counterparty	Number of contracts	Carrying amount	Market value	Nominal value	Rate	Currency
Current account	BBVA S.A.	1	(4,077)	(4,077)	(4,077)	ESTR	EUR
Subtotal – Current Account			(4,077)	(4,077)	(4,077)	ESTR	EUR
Swaps	BBVA S.A.	1	7,844	7,844	7,844		EUR
Subtotal – Swaps			7,844	7,844	7,844		EUR
Total			3,767	3,767	3,767		EUR

The risk of these swaps arises from the interest rate or market risk of the swapped securities' own underlyings, as well as from the credit risk of the issuing institutions. The derivative product associated with the underlying is also exposed to these same risks.

At 31 December 2023, a total of € 5,492 thousand was recognised under "Hedging derivatives" on the assets side of the balance sheet (31 December 2022: € 7,844 thousand on the liabilities side), in relation to swaps. The Company with which this contract has been signed relies on the clearing house to calculate the current value of the outstanding flows between the two parties.

The hedged item consists of coupon payments of 2.45% on a BTPS bond on € 50,000 thousand until it matures on 1 September 2033. In exchange, the Company receives payments of Euribor 6M+1.03% on € 50,000 thousand of the BTPS bond until it matures on 1 September 2033.

8.1.2 Information relating to the statement of profit or loss and equity

The following table shows the breakdown of financial income and expenses, as per the category to which each asset has been assigned:

Investment income	Cash and cash equivalents	Loans and receivables	Available for-sale assets	Property, plant and equipment and investment property	Group companies and associates	Other	Total
Interest on fixed-income securities	-	-	18,437	-	-	-	18,437
Income on equity instruments	-	-	2,843	-	-	-	2,843
Derivatives revenue	-	-	2,092	-	-	-	2,092
Interest on loans with group companies (Note 15)	-	603	-	-	-	-	603
Interest on current accounts	587	-	-	-	-	-	587
Interest on bank deposits	-	621	-	-	-	-	621
Effect of change in investment value, group	-	-	-	-	(290)	-	(290)
Income from premium instalments	-	4,738	-	-	-	-	4,738
Income from investment in property, plant and equipment	-	-	-	68	-	-	68
Income from investments in group companies (Note 15)	-	-	-	-		-	-
Gains/(losses) on realisation of investments	-	-	8,019	-	-	-	8,019
Positive exchange differences	-	-	361	-	-	-	361
Gains on realisation and valuation of derivatives	-	-	9,101	-	-	-	9,101
Other	-	-	-	-	-	824	824
Balance at 31 December 2023	587	5,962	40,853	68	(290)	824	48,004

Expenses from property, plant and equipment and investments	Available-for-sale assets	Property, plant and equipment and investment property	Non-current dividends payable	Other	Total
Investment costs
Fixed income valuation	1,583	-	-	-	1,583
Realisation of equity instruments	2,412	-	-	-	2,412
Realisation of fixed-income instruments	2,519	-	-	-	2,519
Depreciation of investment property	-	28	-	-	28
Provision for investment impairment	-	-	-	-	-
Bank charges Long-term discounting of interest and dividends	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -

Negative exchange difference Derivative financial expenses	139 -	- -	- -	- 1,214	139 1,214
Investment management expenses and other	-	-	-	1,653	1,653
Losses on realisation and valuation of derivatives	-	-	-	9,026	9,026
Other	-	-	-	-	-
Balance at 31 December 2023	6,653	28	-	11,893	18,574

2022

Investment income	Cash and cash equivalents	Loans and receivables	Available -for-sale assets	Property, plant and equipment and investment property	Group companies and associates	Other	Total
Interest on fixed-income securities	-	-	17,301	-	-	-	17,301
Income on equity instruments	-	-	7,908	-	-	-	7,908
Derivatives revenue	-	-	573	-	-	-	573
Interest on loans with group companies (Note 15)	-	567	-	-	-	-	567
Interest on current accounts	10	-	-	-	-	-	10
Interest on bank deposits	-	280	-	-	-	-	280
Effect of change in investment value, group	-	-	-	-	110	-	110
Income from premium instalments	-	4,571	-	-	-	-	4,571
Income from investment in property, plant and equipment	-	-	-	127	-	-	127
Income from investments in group companies (Note 15)	-	-	-	-	16,000	-	16,000
Gains/(losses) on realisation of investments	-	-	12,647	-	-	-	12,647
Positive exchange differences	-	-	3,269	-	-	-	3,269
Derivative valuation	-	-	-	-	-	20,843	20,843
Other	-	-	-	-	-	223	223
Balance at 31 December 2022	10	5,418	41,698	127	16,110	21,066	84,429

Expenses from property, plant and equipment and investments	Available for-sale assets	Property, plant and equipment and investment property	Non-current dividends payable	Other	Total
Investment costs
Fixed income valuation	1,982	-	-	-	1,982
Realisation of equity instruments	2,540	-	-	-	2,540
Realisation of fixed-income instruments	2,924	-	-	-	2,924
Depreciation of investment property	-	28	-	-	28
Provision for investment impairment	-	-	-	-	-
Bank charges	-	-	-	131	131
Long-term discounting of interest and dividends	-	-	-	-	-
Negative exchange difference	(498)	-	-	-	(498)
Derivative financial expenses	-	-	-	1,376	1,376
Investment management expenses and other	-	-	-	2,062	2,062
Derivative valuation	-	-	-	20,843	20,843
Other	-	-	-	-	-
Balance at 31 December 2022	6,948	28	-	24,412	31,388

The "fixed income valuation" heading under Assets Available for Sale includes the monthly valuation differences of the hedge derivative operation during the year. The positive monthly differences are shown in the Income from investments table and the negative differences in the Expenditure for property, plant and equipment and investments table.

At 31 December 2023, the balance of "Income from investments in property, plant and equipment" in the above table included € 113 thousand in income from the lease arranged with group company Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones CAR, S.L.U. (see Note 15) (31 December 2022: € 107 thousand).

8.1.3 Information on the nature and level of risk associated with financial instruments

Market risk

The level of assumable risk for the financial investments undertaken by the Company is explained in the Investment Guidelines approved by the Board of Directors. This document describes the types of permitted assets for investment purposes, along with the maximum proportion of these assets within the portfolio, and authorises the Company's Investment Committee to undertake investments.

The Investment Committee, which meets monthly, is responsible for analysing the portfolio's performance, approving new lines of investment, verifying compliance with the investment guidelines and keeping the Board of Directors regularly informed.

Credit risk

The counterparties with which the Company acquires or may acquire significant positions must invariably undergo a prior scoring process. These counterparties include companies that provide insurance for large vehicle fleets and, in particular, reinsurance companies. For the latter, a minimum credit rating of "A" is required as a prerequisite for inclusion within the reinsurance programme. Exceptions to this solvency threshold, together with the reinsurance table for each year, are expressly approved by the Board of Directors.

The rating of the debt securities classified in the "available for sale" portfolio is an average rating of that assigned to the issuer by three of the main rating agencies (Moody's, Fitch and DBRS) and presents the following classification at the end of 2023 and 2022:

RATING – "Available for sale" portfolio	2023	2022
AAA	55,358	13,152
AA	55,302	11,207
A	318,801	269,331
BBB	295,553	298,083
BB	12,734	10,298
B	-	985
N/R	5,936	9,616
Total	743,684	612,672

Unrated positions are mainly composed of representative debt securities whose issuer does not have a rating, but which nevertheless have an issue rating appropriate to the Group's investment policies.

Liquidity risk

The Company treats liquidity risk as the potential temporary inability to honour its payment obligations within the agreed timeframes, due to such obligations maturing before receivables from customers fall due or before financial investments reach maturity. The Company generates daily liquidity from premium income.

The Company manages liquidity risk prudently. The Company is firmly committed to having sufficient liquidity to be able to honour its payments to suppliers, policyholders and counterparties in due course. Consequently, cash management is always carried out with the utmost prudence, avoiding at all times any possible overdraft or overlimit situation. Therefore, forecasts are systematically drawn up of expected cash generation and cash

requirements, which enable the Company's liquidity position to be determined and monitored on an ongoing basis.

Currency risk

At 31 December 2023, the Company had a foreign currency position of € 23,184 thousand (31 December 2022: € 23,121 thousand). They relate to direct investments in financial instruments quoted in those currencies and there is no currency hedging whatsoever.

9. Cash and cash equivalents

The composition of cash and cash equivalents at credit institutions, cheques and cash on hand at 31 December 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

	2023	2022
Cash at credit institutions (Note 8.1.1)	31,756	28,061
Cash on hand (Note 8.1.1)	1	1
Financial instruments maturing within 3 months	-	15,978
	31,757	44,040

Of the total balance of cash at banks at 31 December 2023 and 2022, a total of € 30,168 thousand and € 20,500 thousand, respectively, was held at Bankinter, S.A. (see Note 15).

At 31 December 2023 and 2022 a current account had been pledged to a reinsurer for a total of € 2,100 thousand to secure compliance with certain contractual obligations. The remaining amount of cash and cash equivalents is subject to no further restriction on its use and disposal.

The interest rate on the Company's current accounts is negotiated with each bank. In 2023, the current account in dollars earned an average yield of 4.80% for 2023 (1.98% in 2022) and the current account with Bankinter earned an average yield of 2.03% for 2023 (0.30% in 2022).

10. Technical provisions

The following table shows changes in 2023 and 2022 in each of the technical provisions shown in the accompanying balance sheets.

2023

	Provision for	Provision	Provision
	Unearned	for	for
	premiums	claims	Unexpired risks
Direct insurance
Balance at 31 December 2022	470,783	325,029	2,378
Allowances	483,431	411,890	2,686
Amounts utilised	(470,783)	(325,029)	(2,378)
Balance at 31 December 2023	483,431	411,890	2,686
Ceded and retroceded reinsurance
Balance at 31 December 2022	4,554	14,709	-
Allowances	4,621	24,593	-
Amounts utilised	(4,554)	(14,709)	-
Balance at 31 December 2023	4,621	24,593	-

2022

	Provision for	Provision	Provision for
	Unearned	for
	premiums	claims	Unexpired risks
Direct insurance
Balance at 31 December 2021	449,740	291,657	3,280
Allowances	470,783	325,029	2,378
Amounts utilised	(449,740)	(291,657)	(3,280)
Balance at 31 December 2022	470,783	325,029	2,378
Ceded and retroceded reinsurance
Balance at 31 December 2021	4,280	15,873	-
Allowances	4,554	14,709	-
Amounts utilised	(4,280)	(15,873)	-
Balance at 31 December 2022	4,554	14,709	-

(*) At the end of 2023 and 2022, this provision included € 6,837 thousand and € 6,837 thousand, respectively, as the provision for outstanding other insurance claims, a service provided by Línea Directa Asistencia, S.L.U. (see Note 15).

The provision for unexpired risks is there to supplement the provision for unearned premiums, if the latter is not enough to cover the cost of all the risks and expenses for which the insurance company is responsible over the period of coverage that has not elapsed upon reaching the end date of the financial year.

In 2023, the Company recognised a total of € 2,686 thousand for this item in the Health segment (€ 2,378 thousand in 2022).

The trend the in Company's benefit provision in 2023 without the reinsured and travel assistance guarantees, corresponding only to claims outstanding as at 31 December 2022 and broken down by line of business, is as follows:

	Provision at 31.12.2022	Net payments	Provision at 31.12.2023	Surplus (Deficit)
Motor, general liability insurance	217,020	122,463	112,877	(18,320)
Motor, other coverage	54,466	39,374	19,121	(4,029)
Home	25,686	21,831	7,690	(3,836)
Health	6,246	3,601	2,048	597
Total	303,418	187,269	141,736	(25,588)

Incurred but not reported (IBNR) claims are included in the provision at year-end 2023 and 2022.

The trend of the Company's benefit provision in 2022 without reinsured guarantees and travel assistance, corresponding only to claims outstanding as at 31 December 2021 and broken down by line of business, is as follows:

	Provision at 31.12.2021	Net payments	Provision at 31.12.2022	Surplus (Deficit)
Motor, general liability insurance	193,587	105,237	83,656	4,694
Motor, other coverage	52,360	32,089	14,545	5,726
Home	21,252	15,126	5,112	1,014
Health	4,163	2,525	689	949
Total	271,362	154,977	104,002	12,383

Claims incurred but not reported (IBNR) are included in the provision at the end of 2023 and 2022 for all segments, as the provision for outstanding, reported and unreported claims is calculated jointly using statistical methods.

11. Pension commitments

Under the terms of the collective bargaining agreement for the industry, the Company is required to take out a collective life insurance policy for all of its employees. This policy has been externalised in the form of a risk insurance policy renewable annually. This agreement resulted in total accrued insurance premiums of € 523 thousand in 2023 (€ 511 thousand in 2022).

The undertaking is also obligated to pay a retirement bonus, though only if the employee retires at the normal age of retirement while an active employee at the undertaking. This obligation is externalised in the form of a machete policy and therefore the Company does not recognise any provision in its financial statements.

At present, only those employees hired before 1 January 2017 who have decided not to migrate to the new system provided for under the agreement remain adhered to the existing system. This agreement resulted in total accrued insurance premiums of € 9 thousand in 2023 (€ 13 thousand in 2022). The mathematical provision amounted to € 209 thousand at 31 December 2023 (€ 212 million at 31 December 2022). Policy surrenders in 2023 amounted to € 11 thousand (2022: € 14 thousand).

For employees hired on or after 1 January 2017 and those who have decided to avail themselves of the new system, the Company has externalised its obligations by arranging a defined

contribution insurance policy covering more contingencies than the old system. Premiums accrued under this new policy totalled € 705 thousand during the period (€ 739 thousand in 2022), while a mathematical provision was € 6,275 thousand (€ 5.602 thousand in 2022).

There were no bailouts in 2023 and 2022. The mobilisation of the rights of employees who decided to take advantage of the new system became effective in 2020.

The Company also has a collective insurance policy in effect to formalise its retirement pension commitments with certain members of Senior Management. These defined contribution policies are also externalised and regular contributions are made for the different members of the group. In 2023, the policy accrued premiums of € 542 thousand and the mathematical provision at yearend was € 11,014 thousand.

In 2022, this policy accrued premiums of € 626 thousand and its mathematical provision at yearend amounted to € 9,554 thousand. A surrender totalling € 1,102 thousand also took place during the period. The contributions made to this policy are entirely voluntary for the Company and are made at the discretion of the Board of Directors.

The Company also has a defined contribution savings and retirement insurance policy in effect for members of Senior Management. This policy accrued premiums of € 74 thousand in 2023 and its mathematical provision at year-end came to € 746 thousand. In 2022, this policy accrued premiums of € 62 thousand and its mathematical provision at year-end was € 664 thousand.

12. Provision for payments under claim settlement agreements

This heading shows the estimated amount due to policyholders from the insurer of the injured party and the recoveries made by the latter upon enforcing the settlement agreements.

The following changes occurred during the year:

		Carrying amount
	2023	2022
Balance at the beginning of the year	25,338	21,915
Allowances (Note 21)	28,574	25,338
Amounts utilised (Note 21)	(25,338)	(21,915)
Balance at the end of the year	28,574	25,338

13. Debt and accounts payable

The heading "Debts and accounts payables" breaks down as follows at 31 December 2023 and 2022:

	2023	2022
Due on direct insurance business	2,818	2,490
Due to policyholders	1,752	2,009
Due to agents, brokers and intermediaries	1,066	481
Conditional claims	-	-
Due on reinsurance business (Note 8.1.1.2)	1,351	1,363
Other debts:	14,367	14,835
Personal income tax withholdings payable	2,060	1,960
VAT payable	292	77
Social security payable	2,799	2,676
Insurance Compensation Consortium payable	1,617	1,596
Tax payable on insurance premiums	6,492	6,288
Other taxes payable	1,107	2,238
Due to group companies and associates (Note 15)	168	276
Other debts	32,607	25,713
On goods delivered and services rendered	28,261	21,039
On securities lending	-	-
Outstanding remuneration	4,346	4,674
	51,311	44,677

At 31 December 2023 and 2022, there were no debts with Ambar Medline, S.L.U (see Note 15).

Below is the breakdown of receivables with group companies:

	2023	2022
Dividend payable	-	-
Trade payables to group companies	168	252
Deposit with Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones, CAR,	-	24
S.L.U. Total	168	276

Under the repo transactions described above, the Group retains both the risks and the rights of ownership of the asset. It therefore retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows from the financial asset, but assumes the contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to BBVA under the terms of the agreement signed with the bank.

The sub-heading "Outstanding remuneration" mainly shows provisions for accrued and uncollected incentives. It includes outstanding recurring incentives of an annual, quarterly or monthly nature amounting to € 4,160 thousand as at 31 December 2023 (€ 4,170 thousand at December 2022).

Information on the average payment period to suppliers. Final Provision Two of Law 31/2014, of 3 December

The following table provides the information required under Final Provision Two of Law 31/2014, of 3 December.

	2023	2022
	Days	Days
Average supplier payment period	22.57	20.82
Ratio of transactions paid	22.72	20.84
Ratio of transactions outstanding	19.64	20.24
	Amount (in thousand euro) Amount (in thousand euro)
Total payments made	264,378	254,386
Total payments outstanding	13,050	6,288

(*) When a figure is shown in brackets, it means that the amount is negative, representing either a faster average payment in relation to the maximum payment period prescribed by law, or otherwise that the outstanding transactions are, on average, at a point in time prior to reaching that maximum period.

	2023
	Days
Invoices paid within the legal limit	10,362
Percentage of total invoices	83.85 %
Total invoices	12,358
	Amount
	(thousands of euro)
Monetary volume within legal limit	248,634
Percentage of total monetary value of payments to suppliers	89.62 %
Total monetary value of invoices	277,428

The data shown in the table above on the average payment period to suppliers relate to trade payables on debts with suppliers of goods and services, excluding payments of claims in 2023 and 2022.

The term "average payment period to suppliers" means the time taken in paying, or the delay in paying, trade payables. This "average payment period to suppliers' is calculated as a ratio where the numerator is the sum of the ratio of transactions paid divided by the total amount of payments made plus the ratio of transactions outstanding divided by the total amount of payments outstanding, while the denominator is the total amount of payments made divided by the amount of payments outstanding.

The ratio of transactions paid is calculated as a ratio where the numerator is the sum of the products corresponding to the amounts paid divided by the number of days of payment (difference between the calendar days running from the end of the maximum legal payment period through to effective payment of the transaction), while denominator is the total amount of payments made.

Meanwhile, the ratio of transactions pending payment is a ratio where the numerator is the sum of the products corresponding to the amounts pending payment, divided by the number of days pending payment (difference between the calendar days running from the end of the maximum legal payment period through to the end date of the annual accounts), and the denominator is the total amount of payments pending.

In September 2022, Law 18/2022 amended Additional Provision Three, on the duty to disclose information contained in Law 15/2010, which in turn amended Law 3/2004, on measures to combat late payment in commercial transactions. This amendment states that listed companies must publish on their website, in addition to the average payment period, the monetary volume and the number of invoices paid in a period shorter than the legal maximum period, as well as the ratio of those invoices to the total number of invoices and the total monetary amount of payments made to suppliers.

Operating leases

The Company has several lease agreements in effect with third parties, mainly related to vehicle leasing. The total amount of expected future payments for 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	2023	2022
Within one year	929	1,422
Between 1 and 5 years	1,301	1,040
Beyond 5 years	-	-
Total future payments	2,230	2,462

14. Equity

The breakdown of the Company's equity in 2023 and 2022 and changes therein are shown in the accompanying statements of changes in equity.

On 29 April 2021, the Parent's shares were admitted to trading on the continuous market.

At 31 December 2023, the Parent's share capital amounted to € 43,537 thousand and was represented by 1,088,416,840 registered shares, each having a par value of € 0.04, all fully subscribed for and paid up and conferring the same rights and obligations.

The shareholders of the Parent Company holding a stake equal to or greater than 3% of the share capital as at 31 December 2023 and 2022 and considered significant shareholders according to prevailing law and regulations governing the securities market are as follows:

2023
	Number
	of shares	%
Cartival	216,553,770	19.90 %
Bankinter	189,555,907	17.42 %
Fernando Masaveu Herrero	58,570,346	5.38 %
Norbel Inversores SL	54,430,000	5.00 %
Lazard Asset Management	34,778,950	3.20 %
Brandes Investment Partners LP	32,674,276	3.00 %

2022
	Number
	of shares	%
Cartival	212,277,276	19.50 %
Bankinter	189,555,907	17.42 %
Fernando Masaveu Herrero	57,919,846	5.32 %
Lazard Asset Management	34,778,950	3.20 %

At 31 December 2023 and 2022, the Company had posted the minimum capital required under the Law on the Organisation and Supervision of Private Insurance to operate in authorised insurance segments.

a) Legal reserve

In accordance with prevailing commercial legislation, companies that obtain profits during the financial year must allocate 10% of these profits to the legal reserve until this reaches at least 20% of share capital. The legal reserve may be used to increase share capital but only in respect of the part of the reserve that exceeds 10% of share capital already increased. Aside from this purpose, and until the legal reserve exceeds 20% of share capital, it may only be used to offset losses and provided that no other reserves are available for this purpose.

At 31 December 2023 and 2022 the balance of this reserve was above the minimum requirement.

b) Voluntary reserves

At 31 December 2023 and 2022, the balance of these reserves was freely available and amounted to € 208,764 thousand and € 141,925 thousand, respectively.

c) Equalisation reserve and interim dividend

The equalisation reserve is a mandatory reserve prescribed by law and may only be used to cover deviations in terms of claims incurred.

At 31 December 2023, the balance of this reserve was € 43,839 thousand, net of the tax effect (€ 93,608 thousand, net of the tax effect in 2022). In 2023, a total of € 60,136 of the equalisation reserve was used due to the deviation in claims incurred during the year in respect of the claims ratio implicit in the estimated net reinsurance risk premium. In 2023, an interim reserve of € 7,430 thousand was posted, while in 2022 no interim reserve was posted or applied.

The equalisation reserve must be provided in each financial year for the amount of the security surcharge included in the premiums written, with the minimum limit provided for in the technical bases of the relevant insurance segments. In the case of the Company, the endowment is mandatory in the third-party liability insurance segment for motor land vehicles for 2% of the premium written in this segment until the reserve reaches at least 35% of the risk premiums for retained insurance activities.

The limit will be increased as and when necessary in accordance with the Company's own loss experience. For this purpose, the limit of the equalisation reserve within each risk or class shall be taken.

Changes in the equalisation reserve during the year were as follows:

2023
	Equalisation Reserve	Interim Equalisation Reserve
Balance at 31 December 2022	96,545	-
Endowments	7,430	(7,430)
Amounts utilised	(60,136)	-
Balance at 31 December 2023	43,839	(7,430)

2022
	Equalisation Reserve	Interim Equalisation Reserve
Balance at 31 December 2021	117,552	-
Endowments	7,120	(7,120)
Amounts utilised	(28,127)	-
Balance at 31 December 2022	96,545	(7,120)

With regard to interim dividends: the Board of Directors, at its meeting of 24 February 2023, resolved to pay a final dividend out of the profit for 2022 for a total of € 1,090 thousand. At 31 December 2023, there were no amounts outstanding.

d) Own shares

Since 29 April 2021, the date of the IPO, on which the Company was awarded 239,678 own shares in the exchange of Bankinter shares, it has made successive acquisitions, all disclosed to the CNMV to complete the full remuneration plan. More precisely, the Parent Company acquired a total of 795,643 treasury shares in 2021, at an average price of € 1.57 per share, representing 0.11% of the total number of shares issued (see Note 20).

Changes in treasury shares are as follows:

Thousand euro	Cost of purchase	Nominal value	Number of shares
Balance at 1 January 2021	1,247	32	795,643
Additions	221	9	224,000
Withdrawals	(450)	(18)	(362,732)
Balance at 31 December 2022	1,018	23	656,911
Balance at 1 January 2023	1,018	23	656,911
Additions	-	-	-
Withdrawals	(374)	(10)	(279,328)
Balance at 31 December 2023	644	13	377,583

These shares are held for use as a remuneration system for various groups of employees, as described in Note 22 c) to these separate financial statements. Firstly, there is a remuneration programme for members of the Management Committee in the form of three annual payments from the Company's IPO in 2021. These three payments are payable annually in April 2022, 2023 and 2024, and are paid in May of each year. Both in 2022 and 2023, Group employees were given the option to purchase shares in the Company through a flexible remuneration plan. Lastly, the annual remuneration of the Group's CEO includes a portion of her remuneration in the form of shares in the Company. The first delivery of shares took place in May 2023.

The breakdown of own shares at year-end 2022 and 2023 is as follows:

2023
Acquisition date	Type of acquisition	Instruments	Price	Market value (thousand euro)	Acquisition cost (thousand euro)
29/04/2021	Exchange	239,678	1.32	316	316
04/05/2021	Purchase	186,570	1.61	300	300
06/05/2021	Purchase	94,700	1.58	150	150
21/07/2021	Purchase	64,332	1.77	114	114
22/07/2021	Purchase	85,957	1.73	149	149
23/07/2021	Purchase	59,702	1.74	104	104
26/07/2021	Purchase	27,293	1.76	48	48
27/07/2021	Purchase	23,183	1.75	41	41
28/07/2021	Purchase	14,228	1.75	25	25
01/05/2022	Delivery	(157,592)	1.57	(247)	(247)
11/05/2022	Sale	(463)	1.26	(1)	(1)
26/05/2022	Sale	(1)	1.32	-	-
15/11/2022	Purchase	214,000	0.99	212	212
16/11/2022	Purchase	10,000	0.94	9	9
22/11/2022	Delivered to employees	(104,529)	0.99	(102)	(102)
22/12/2022	Delivered to employees	(100,147)	0.99	(98)	(98)
14/04/2023	Delivered to CEO	(14,455)	0.99	(14)	(14)
04/05/2023	Delivered to directors, 2nd payment	(148,102)	0.99	(146)	(178)
22/11/2023	Delivered to employees	(44,444)	0.82	(36)	(70)
22/12/2023	Delivered to employees	(72,327)	0.80	(57)	(113)
Total		377,583	1.33	766	644

2022
Acquisition date	Type of acquisition	Instruments	Price	Market value (thousand euro)	Acquisition cost (thousand euro)
29/04/2021	Exchange	239,678	1.32	316	316
04/05/2021	Purchase	186,570	1.61	300	300
06/05/2021	Purchase	94,700	1.58	150	150
21/07/2021	Purchase	64,332	1.77	114	114
22/07/2021	Purchase	85,957	1.73	150	150
23/07/2021	Purchase	59,702	1.74	104	104
26/07/2021	Purchase	27,293	1.76	48	48
27/07/2021	Purchase	23,183	1.75	41	41
28/07/2021	Purchase	14,228	1.75	24	24
01/05/2022	Delivery	(157,592)	1.57	(247)	(247)
11/05/2022	Sale	(463)	1.26	(1)	(1)
26/05/2022	Sale	(1)	1.32	-	-
15/11/2022	Purchase	214,000	0.99	212	212
16/11/2022	Purchase	10,000	0.94	9	9
22/11/2022	Delivered to employees	(104,529)	0.99	(103)	(103)
22/12/2022	Delivered to employees	(100,147)	0.99	(99)	(99)
Total		656,911	1.44	1,018	1,018

57 Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A. Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros

2023 individual financial statements (in thousand euro)

e) Valuation adjustments

The main item recognised off the statement of profit or loss is the valuation adjustments made to available-for-sale assets to reflect the amount of capital gains net of tax. Capital gains net of tax came to € -8,012 thousand at 31 December 2023 (€ -30,362 thousand in net gains at 31 December 2022).

f) Solvency

At the date of authorisation for issue of these annual accounts, the Company's directors can confirm that an internal assessment of risks and solvency has been carried out and that Línea Directa Aseguradora is compliant with overall solvency requirements based on its risk profile, approved risk tolerance limits and business strategy.

The Company has implemented processes that are commensurate with the nature, scale and complexity of the risks inherent in its business and that enable it to properly identify and assess all existing or potential risks to which it may be exposed in the short and long run.

The directors do not expect to encounter any significant obstacles that might impede the Company's compliance with regulatory solvency and minimum capital requirements and that might affect the application of the going concern principle and the continuity of the Company's operations. The directors have yet to draw up the solvency and financial condition report for 2023. The solvency and financial condition report of Línea Directa Aseguradora for 2023 was approved by the Board of Directors at its meeting held in March 2024.

15. Related party transactions

"Related parties", in addition to the dependent and associated entities, are considered the "key personnel" of the management of the Group (members of its Board of Directors and the Management Committee), as well as the shareholders who may directly or indirectly exercise control of the Group, as well as those with a significant influence on financial and operational decision-making as mentioned in ORDER EHA/3050/2004, of 15 September, on the information on related-party transactions to be disclosed by companies issuing securities admitted to trading on official secondary markets.

Following the admission to listing of Línea Directa Aseguradora on 29 April 2021, the Bankinter Group and all the companies comprising that group are considered Significant Shareholders. Prior to that date, the Línea Directa Group was part of the Bankinter Group, which held a 99.99% stake. From the day of admission to trading until 30 June 2021, and as indicated in Note 14, Bankinter's percentage of participation has been reduced to 17.42%, with no representative on the Group's Board of Directors since the date of IPO.

For the purposes of a better comparison of the information with related parties, Bankinter Group companies have been considered as significant shareholders in both 2023 and 2022.

The following transactions were carried out with related parties:

a) Direct insurance transactions

2023
Direct insurance	Premiums	Committees	Claims
Subsidiaries of the Company
Línea Directa Asistencia, S.L.U.	-	-	79,920
Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones CAR, S.L.U.	-	-	11,075
Ambar Medline, S.L.U.	-	222	-
LDA Reparaciones, S.L.U.	-	-	1,680
Significant shareholders	-	-	-
Bankinter, S.A.	626	5,224	-
Bankinter S.A., Sucursal en Portugal	87	-	-
Bankinter Consumer Finance, S.L.U.	12	13	-
Evo Banco, S.A.U.	-	107	-
Total at 31 December 2023	725	5,566	92,675

2022

Direct insurance	Premiums	Committees	Claims
Subsidiaries of the Company
Línea Directa Asistencia, S.L.U.	-	-	76,229
Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones CAR, S.L.U.	-	-	11,353
Ambar Medline, S.L.U.	-	158	-
LDA Reparaciones, S.L.U.	-	-	2,812
Significant shareholders	-	-	-
Bankinter, S.A.	596	5,783	-
Bankinter S.A., Sucursal en Portugal	80	-	-
Bankinter Consumer Finance, S.L.U.	361	16	-
Evo Banco, S.A.U.	-	110	-
Total at 31 December 2022	1,037	6,067	90,394

Claims-related transactions mainly relate to vehicle inspection services arranged with subsidiary company Línea Directa Asistencia, S.L.U., as well as roadside assistance and vehicle repair services by Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones CAR, S.L.U., a company that is also wholly owned by the Company.

Commission-based transactions accrue on the sale of Company policies through Bankinter, S.A., Bankinter S.A., Sucursal en Portugal, Evo Banco, S.A. and Ámbar Medline, S.L.U, the Company's exclusive agent.

b) Transactions due to services rendered and received

	2023
		Expenses	Income
Services rendered and received	Services received	Interest and financial services	Services rendered	Finance income and leases
Subsidiaries of the Company
Línea Directa Asistencia, S.L.U.	2,251	-	179	2,800
Moto Club LDA, S.L.U.	-	-	3	-
Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones CAR, S.L.U.	(2)	-	57	167
LDA Reparaciones, S.L.U.	-	-	7	429
Ambar Medline, S.L.U.	-	-	8	-
LDActivos, S.L.U.	-	-	29	550
Significant shareholder
Bankinter, S.A.	1,068	338	-	1,291
Bankinter Consumer Finance, S.L.U.	173	-	769	-
Bankinter, S.A. Sucursal em Portugal	43	-	-	-
Total at 31 December 2023	3,533	338	1,052	5,237

	2022
		Expenses	Income
Services rendered and received	Services received	Interest and financial services	Services rendered	Finance income and leases
Subsidiaries of the Company
Línea Directa Asistencia, S.L.U.	2,606	-	173	16,000
Moto Club LDA, S.L.U.	-	-	3	-
Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones CAR, S.L.U.	29	-	57	125
LDA Reparaciones, S.L.U.	-	-	8	-
Ambar Medline, S.L.U.	-	-	8	-
LDActivos, S.L.U.	-	-	29	550
Significant shareholder
Bankinter, S.A.	1,233	479	-	801
Bankinter Consumer Finance, S.L.U.	270	-	880	-
Bankinter, S.A. Sucursal em Portugal	43	-	-	-
Total at 31 December 2022	4,181	479	1,158	17,476

Transactions on services received from the subsidiary Línea Directa Asistencia, S.L.U. mainly relate to vehicle inspection services carried out prior to the arrangement of policies with policyholders, while financial income relates entirely to dividends charged to reserves distributed by this company (see Note 8.1.1.3).

Financial income received from LDActivos, S.L.U. is a product of the loan granted to that subsidiary by the Company, as described in Note 8.1.2) to these financial statements.

All transactions with Group companies were carried out at arm's length.

c) Balance sheet accounts with related parties

The following table shows balances with related parties at 31 December 2023 and 2022.

2023

	Notes	Group companies	Jointly controlled companies	Associates	Significant shareholders	Total
Assets
Equity instruments		68,904	-	-	10,550	79,454
Holdings in group companies	8.1.1.3	68,904	-	-	-	68,904
Available-for-sale assets – Equity instruments	8.1.1.1	-	-	-	10,550	10,550
Debt securities		21,528	-	-	4,747	26,275
Fixed-income securities	8.1.1.1	-	-	-	4,747	4,747
Loans	8.1.1.2	21,528	-	-	-	21,528
Cash and cash equivalents	9	-	-	-	30,169	30,169
Other receivables		39	-	-	416	455
Other receivables	8.1.1.2	39	-	-	416	455
Other assets		26	-	-	49	75
Accruals	8.1.1.1 and	26	-	-	49	75
At 31 December 2023	8.1.1.2	90,497	-	-	45,931	136,428
Liabilities
Due to agents, brokers and intermediaries	13	-	-	-	-	-
Dividend outstanding	13 and 14	-	-	-	-	-
Due to group companies and associates	13	192	-	-	303	495
Provision for claims	10	6,674	-	-	-	6,674
At 31 December 2023		6,866	-	-	303	7,169

	Notes	Group companies	Jointly controlled companies	Associates	Significant shareholders	Total
Assets
Equity instruments
Holdings in group companies	8.1.1.3	69,494	-	-	-	69,494
Available-for-sale assets – Equity instruments	8.1.1.1	-	-	-	10,175	10,175
Debt securities
Fixed-income securities	8.1.1.1	-	-	-	3,475	3,475
Loans	8.1.1.2	22,502	-	-	-	22,502
Cash and cash equivalents	9	-	-	-	20,500	20,500
Other receivables
Other receivables	8.1.1.2	142	-	-	447	589
Other assets
Accruals	8.1.1.1 and	14	-	-	34	48
At 31 December 2022	8.1.1.2	92,152	-	-	34,631	126,783
Liabilities
Due to agents, brokers and intermediaries	13	-	-	-	-	-
Dividend outstanding	13 and 14	-	-	-	-	-
Due to group companies and associates	13	276	-	-	470	746
Provision for claims	10	6,837	-	-	-	6,837
At 31 December 2022		7,113	-	-	470	7,583

16. Territorial distribution of the business

The Company operates entirely in Spain and Portugal. With respect to Portugal, the Group was authorised to operate in the Assistance segment on 25 September 2017. As this line of activity was residual and immaterial in both 2023 and 2022, it has not been deemed relevant to break down the information by geographical area.

17. Tax position

Following the IPO of Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A. Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros in April 2021, Bankinter, S.A. ceased to be the Parent for VAT purposes of the Insurance Group, comprising Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A. Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros, and several of its subsidiaries (Línea Directa Asistencia S.L.U., Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones, CAR, S.L.U., Ambar Medline, S.L.U. and LDA Reparaciones), leading to the departure of this Insurance Group from the VAT Group 128/09. Simultaneously and uninterruptedly, the Boards of Directors of these Companies agreed to re-qualify themselves with effective date 1 April 2021 for the Special Regime of Chapter IX of the Title of Law 37/1992 on Value Added Tax, thus forming the new VAT Group 0130/21, whose Parent Company is Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A. Insurance and Reinsurance Company.

On 22 April 2015, Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A. notified the tax authorities of its decision to file consolidated tax returns, as permitted under the Spanish Corporate Income Tax Law, thus forming and becoming the parent of a new consolidated tax group (Tax Consolidation Group No. 486/15) comprising the following companies:

Parent	Tax no.
Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A. Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros	A80871031
Subsidiary	Tax no.
LDActivos, S.L.U.	B86322880
Línea Directa Asistencia, S.L.U.	B80136922
Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones CAR, S.L.U.	B84811553
Ambar Medline, S.L.U.	B85658573
Moto Club LDA, S.L.U.	B83868083
LDA Reparaciones, S.L.U.	B87619961

Law 27/2014 of 27 November, on income tax, sets, inter alia, the tax rate payable by the Group in 2023 and 2022 at 25%.

The reconciliation between accounting profit and taxable income for income tax purposes for 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

		2023	2022
	Statement of profit or loss	Income and expenses recognised directly in equity	Statement of profit or loss	Income and expenses recognised directly in equity
Accounting profit/(loss) for the year	(12,560)	-	70,681	-
Corporate income tax	(5,863)	-	17,652	-
Permanent differences:
- Increases	2,158	-	2,108	-
- Reductions	(4,187)	-	(17,116)	-
Taxable profit/(loss)	(20,452)	-	73,325	-
Temporary differences:
Originating in the year
- Increases	18,024	-	22,314	98,305
- Reductions	-	(29,801)	-	-
Originating in previous years
- Increases	52,706	-	4	-
- Reductions	(6,072)	-	(1,600)	-
Tax base	44,206	(29,801)	94,043	98,305

Details of current and deferred income tax expense recognised in the statement of profit or loss for 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	2023	2022
Current tax expense	11,373	22,754
Adjustments to deferred taxes	(17,237)	(5,102)
Corporate income tax expense	(5,864)	17,652

The income tax expense is the result of applying a tax rate of 25% for 2022 and 2023 to the accounting profit before tax, adjusted for permanent differences and reduced by deductions for the year, as follows:

	2023	2022
Accounting profit/(loss) before tax	(18,423)	88,333
Tax rate	25.00%	25.00%
Tax payable	(4,606)	22,083
Deductions on tax payable	(220)	(756)
Adjustment for settlement of previous year CIS	(530)	(24)
Non-deductible expenses	539	527
Non-qualifying income	(1,047)	(4,279)
Other deductions and amounts utilised, net	-	100
Corporate income tax expense	(5,864)	17,652

Statement of profit or loss

The permanent increases in 2023 are due to various transactions that are not deductible for corporate income tax purposes, specifically the contributions made by the company, linked to contingencies similar to pension plans, which are not tax deductible under article 14.2 of the Corporate Income Tax Act and the donations made by the company to the Línea Directa Foundation or other entities. The decreases in permanent differences in 2023 have their origin in the distribution of dividends made by Línea Directa Asistencia and the profits derived from repayments of shares for investments in companies and venture capital funds.

The amount of temporary differences arising in the year mainly consists of adjustments to provisions, which, according to Articles 13 and 14 of the Corporate Income Tax Law, are not deductible for tax purposes, as well as the application of part of the equalisation reserve. Reductions arising in prior years relate mainly to the reversal of positive adjustments to non-tax deductible provisions.

Income and expenses recognised directly in equity

Temporary changes originating in the year include the depreciation or revaluation of investments classified as available for sale.

Tax assets and liabilities

Tax assets and liabilities were as follows at 31 December 2023 and 2022:

	2023	2022
Receivable from the Tax Consolidation Group	1,918	2,297
Tax assets	13,904	25,971
Current tax	738	2,600
Corporate income tax – Tax Consolidation Group 2022 (Note 15)	82	1,650
Withholdings for the year	656	950
Deferred tax	13,166	23,371
Temporary differences	13,166	23,371
Tax liabilities	27,126	28,006
Current tax	11,384	-
Income tax payable – Tax Consolidation Group (Note 15)	11,384	-
Deferred tax	15,742	28,006
Temporary differences	15,742	28,006

Current tax assets correspond to the amount of corporate income tax to be refunded for the year 2022 and the corporate income tax withholdings for the year to be settled in the following year.

Tax assets due to temporary differences relate to temporary differences arising in the year and the tax effect on capital losses sustained on the "available-for-sale" investment portfolio. The temporary differences existing at 31 December 2023 will be reversed from 2024 onwards. Therefore, deferred corporate income tax is calculated by applying a tax rate of 25% to the deductible temporary differences arising at the end of the year (increases) and the reversal of deductible temporary differences from the previous year (reductions).

Current tax liabilities show the amount of corporate income tax payable for the year, net of payments on account.

At 31 December 2023 and 2022, deferred tax liabilities relate to the tax effect on:

The balance arising from the equalisation reserve at year-end of € 10,960 thousand (€ 24,137 thousand in 2022), which will be paid to the tax authorities in the year in which that provision is posted. The reduction in the amount is due to the application of part of the equalisation reserve in 2023.
The tax impact of capital gains on the "available-for-sale" investment portfolio amounting to € 4,782 thousand (€ 3,870 thousand in 2022).

The following table shows changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities in 2023:

			Originating in profit and loss		Originating in equity
	Balance at 31.12.2022	Additions	Withdrawals	Additions	Withdrawals	Balance at 31.12.2023
Deferred assets
Prepaid income tax	1,303	5,578	(1,518)	-	-	5,362
Capital losses on available-for-sale assets	13,991	-	-		(6,539)	7,452
Taxes deferred	6,161	-	-	-	(6,049)	112
Rights to deductions and rebates	168	-	-	64	-	232
Deductions to be applied	1,749	-	-		(1,749)	-
Tax deductions and bonuses to be credited	-	-	-	191	(191)	-
50% limit on utilisation of prior year tax losses	-	-	-	8		8
Total	23,371	5,578	(1,518)	263	(14,528)	13,166
Deferred liabilities						-
Tax effect of the Equalisation Reserve	(24,137)	-	-	-	13,177	(10,960)
Capital gains on the portfolio of available-for-sale assets	(3,870)	-	-	(912)		(4,782)
Liabilities – temporary differences from tax deduction for maintaining jobs	-	-	-	-	-	-
Total	(28,007)	-	-	(912)	13,177	(15,742)

Inspections in progress

The statute of limitations of the Company's taxes are open for the last four years.

In relation to the tax agency's last inspection (income tax for financial years 2011, 2012 and 2013), the assessments signed in protest were appealed before the Central Tax Appeals Board (TEAC) in 2019, which delivered its decision on 13 December 2022, partially upholding the Company's claim. The Company lodged a contentious-administrative appeal before the Audiencia Nacional on 1 February 2023 to continue appealing the part rejected by the TEAC. On 15 June 2023, the Company was notified of the opening of the period in which present the claim, which was ultimately filed on 12 July 2023.

On 14 November 2016, inspection proceedings were initiated in relation to the surcharges payable to the Insurance Compensation Consortium in relation to 2016. The Company was

notified of the findings of these proceedings on 22 December 2017. The Company presented the corresponding arguments in good time. On 21 June 2018, a resolution was received from the Directorate General of Insurance and Pension Funds (DGSFP). On 27 May 2019, an appeal was lodged with the High Court of Justice in Madrid. The Court's ruling was received on 23 April 2021, partially upholding the arguments made by the Company, which involved performing a specific test on particular files.

On 9 June 2021, the Company filed an appeal in cassation before the Supreme Court for the part of the ruling that was not upheld. This appeal was accepted for consideration. On 23 September 2022, the Supreme Court ruled in favour of the Directorate's opinion. In January 2023, the DGSFP contacted the Company to perform the test, which took place in February and March. The Company received the report on the performance of the test on 22 June 2023, in which it was dismissed. On 11 July 2023, the Company submitted comments on this report. Finally, on 14 November 2023, the Company received a decision rejecting its claims.

The Board of Directors does not believe that these proceedings will ultimately result in any significant contingency, control measure or any other risks that might have a significant impact on the Company's separate annual accounts.

18. Income and technical expenses by non-life insurance segment

Technical income and expenses for 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	Total	Motor, general liability insurance	Motor, other coverages	Home	Other insurance	Health
I.1.1. Direct insurance	973,281	371,593	421,091	149,430	783	30,384
I.1.3. Change in provision for outstanding premiums	(220)	(102)	(92)	(19)	-	(7)
I.2. Premiums from ceded reinsurance	(23,556)	(1,943)	(3,108)	(4,891)	(11)	(13,603)
I.3. Change in the provision for unearned premiums	(12,955)	(7,175)	(2,482)	(2,564)	1	(735)
I.3.1. Direct insurance	(12,955)	(7,175)	(2,482)	(2,564)	1	(735)
I.4. Change in the provision for unearned premiums on reinsurance	67	-	-	-	-	67
I. Total premiums earned, net of reinsurance	936,617	362,373	415,409	141,956	773	16,106
II.1. Income from investments in property, plant and equipment	68	44	24	-	-	-
II.2. Income from financial investments	31,105	15,913	8,512	4,028	23	2,629
II.3. Application of value adjustments for investments	(290)	(189)	(101)	-	-	-
II.3.2.Investments in property, plant and equipment	-	-	-	-	-	-
II.3.2.Financial investments	(290)	(189)	(101)	-	-	-
II.4. Gains/(losses) on realisation of investments	17,120	11,154	5,966	-	-	-
II.4.1.Investments in property, plant and equipment	-	-	-	-	-	-
II.4.2.Financial investments	17,120	11,154	5,966	-	-	-
II. Total investment income	48,003	26,922	14,401	4,028	23	2,629
III. Other technical income	-	-	-	-	-	-
IV.1. Claims paid	671,431	290,019	294,710	75,589	125	10,988
IV.1.1. Direct insurance	681,867	290,019	294,710	75,589	125	21,424
IV.1.3. Reinsurers' share	(10,436)	-	-	-	-	(10,436)
IV.2. Change in the provision for claims	76,976	62,386	6,601	7,330	(42)	701
IV.2.1. Direct insurance	86,860	68,192	6,573	10,723	(42)	1,414
IV.2.3. Reinsurers' share	(9,884)	(5,806)	28	(3,393)	-	(713)
IV.3. Claims-related expenses	56,539	32,121	7,325	14,326	-	2,767
IV. Total claims incurred in the period, net of reinsurance	804,946	384,526	308,636	97,245	83	14,456
V. Changes in technical provisions	-	-	-	-	-	-
VI. Profit sharing	393	-	-	-	393	-
VII.1. Acquisition expenses	185,292	63,943	73,539	35,991	36	11,783
VII.2. Administration expenses	22,826	1,578	14,456	5,875	23	894
VII.3. Reinsurance commissions and profit sharing	(114)	-	(72)	-	-	(42)
VII. Total net operating expenses	208,004	65,521	87,923	41,866	59	12,635
IX.1. Change in provision for insolvencies	-	-	-	-	-	-
IX.3. Change in provision for payments under claims settlement agreements	(27,198)	(28,040)	842	-	-	-
IX.4. Other technical expenses	5,105	502	4,600	-	-	3
IX. Other technical expenses	(22,093)	(27,538)	5,442	-	-	3
X.I. Investment management expenses	4,588	2,989	1,599	-	-	-
X.1.1.Expenses from managing investments in property, plant and equipment	1,653	1,077	576	-	-	-
X.1.2. Expenses from managing financial investments	2,935	1,912	1,023	-	-	-
X.2. Investment valuation adjustments	28	18	10	-	-	-
X.2.1. Depreciation of investments in property, plant and	28	18	10	-	-	-
equipment X.2.2. Impairment of investments in property, plant and	-	-	-	-	-	-
equipment X.2.3. From provisions for financial investments	-	-	-	-	-	-
X.3. Losses on investments	13,958	9,094	4,864	-	-	-
X.3.1. Losses on investments in property, plant and	-	-	-	-	-	-
equipment X.3.2. Losses on financial investments	13,958	9,094	4,864	-	-	-
X. Total investment expenses	18,574	12,101	6,473	-	-	-
Result of the non-life insurance technical account (I+II+III-IV-V-VI-VII-VIII-IX-X)	(25,204)	(45,315)	21,336	6,873	261	(8,359)

	Total	Motor, general liability insurance	Motor, other coverages	Home	Other insurance	Health
I.1.1. Direct insurance	946,679	356,046	416,741	143,713	1,097	29,082
I.1.3. Change in provision for outstanding premiums	(26)	(20)	(13)	(6)	-	13
I.2. Premiums from ceded reinsurance	(26,139)	(1,593)	(3,153)	(8,234)	(35)	(13,124)
I.3. Change in the provision for unearned premiums	(20,141)	(8,140)	(6,590)	(5,673)	3	259
I.3.1. Direct insurance	(20,141)	(8,140)	(6,590)	(5,673)	3	259
I.4. Change in the provision for unearned premiums on reinsurance	274	-	-	-	-	274
I. Total premiums earned, net of reinsurance	900,647	346,293	406,985	129,800	1,065	16,504
II.1. Income from investments in property, plant and	127	80	47	-	-	-
equipment II.2. Income from financial investments	34,702	16,851	9,897	5,119	39	2,796
II.3. Application of value adjustments for investments	110	69	41	-	-	-
II.3.2.Investments in property, plant and equipment	-	-	-	-	-	-
II.3.2.Financial investments	110	69	41	-	-	-
II.4. Gains/(losses) on realisation of investments	33,490	21,099	12,391	-	-	-
II.4.1.Investments in property, plant and equipment	-	-	-	-	-	-
II.4.2.Financial investments	33,490	21,099	12,391	-	-	-
II. Total investment income	68,429	38,099	22,376	5,119	39	2,796
III. Other technical income	-	-	-	-	-	-
IV.1. Claims paid	592,098	257,478	262,420	61,287	111	10,802
IV.1.1. Direct insurance	606,536	258,037	262,420	64,878	111	21,090
IV.1.3. Reinsurers' share	(14,438)	(559)	-	(3,591)	-	(10,288)
IV.2. Change in the provision for claims	34,536	19,635	6,244	7,947	(101)	811
IV.2.1. Direct insurance	33,372	20,697	6,250	4,934	(101)	1,592
IV.2.3. Reinsurers' share	1,164	(1,062)	(6)	3,013	-	(781)
IV.3. Claims-related expenses	57,881	34,319	8,050	12,804	-	2,708
IV. Total claims incurred in the period, net of reinsurance	684,515	311,432	276,714	82,038	10	14,321
V. Changes in technical provisions	-	-	-	-	-	-
VI. Profit sharing	637	-	-	-	637	-
VII.1. Acquisition expenses	180,012	60,427	70,936	36,121	54	12,474
VII.2. Administration expenses	25,632	6,160	12,506	5,869	11	1,086
VII.3. Reinsurance commissions and profit sharing	(4,232)	-	-	-	-	(4,232)
VII. Total net operating expenses	201,412	66,587	83,442	41,990	65	9,328
IX.1. Change in provision for insolvencies	-	-	-	-	-	-
IX.3. Change in provision for payments under claims	(22,750)	(23,380)	630	-	-	-
settlement agreements
IX.4. Other technical expenses	5,729	1,731	3,514	241	-	243
IX. Other technical expenses	(17,021)	(21,649)	4,144	241	-	243
X.I. Investment management expenses X.1.1.Expenses from managing investments in property,	5,053	3,183	1,870	-	-	-
plant and equipment	2,062	1,299	763	-	-	-
X.1.2. Expenses from managing financial investments	2,991	1,884	1,107	-	-	-
X.2. Investment valuation adjustments	28	18	10	-	-	-
X.2.1. Depreciation of investments in property, plant and equipment	28	18	10	-	-	-
X.2.2. Impairment of investments in property, plant and equipment	-	-	-	-	-	-
X.2.3. From provisions for financial investments	-	-	-	-	-	-
X.3. Losses on investments	26,307	16,573	9,734	-	-	-
X.3.1. Losses on investments in property, plant and	-	-	-	-	-	-
equipment X.3.2. Losses on financial investments	26,307	16,573	9,734	-	-	-
X. Total investment expenses	31,388	19,774	11,614	-	-	-
Result of the non-life insurance technical account (I+II+III-IV-V-VI-VII-VIII-IX-X)	68,145	8,248	53,447	10,650	392	(4,592)

19. Non-life insurance technical result by year of occurrence

Technical results by year of occurrence for non-life segments for the years ended 31 December 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

	Motor	Home	Health
I. Premiums earned (Direct)	793,124	148,717	30,158
Premiums net of cancellations	802,975	151,300	30,593
+/- Change in provisions for unearned premiums	(9,657)	(2,564)	(428)
+/- Change in provisions for outstanding premiums	(194)	(19)	(7)
II. Premiums from ceded reinsurance	5,051	4,891	13,536
Premiums net of cancellations	5,051	4,891	13,603
+/- Change in provisions for unearned premiums	-	-	(67)
A. Total premiums earned, net of reinsurance (I-II)	788,073	143,826	16,622
III. Claims incurred (Direct)	726,496	95,449	26,307
Benefits and expenses paid for claims incurred during the year, including attributable claims-related expenses	726,524	93,977	26,211
Technical provisions for claims incurred during the year	(28)	1,472	96
IV. Claims incurred from reinsurance (ceded)	3,518	2,110	11,500
Benefits and expenses paid on claims incurred during the year	3,518	2,110	11,452
Technical provisions for claims incurred during the year	-	-	48
B. Total net reinsurance claims incurred (III-IV)	722,978	93,339	14,807
V. Acquisition costs	137,482	35,991	11,783
VI. Administration expenses	16,034	5,875	894
VII. Other technical expenses and income	(22,097)	-	3
VIII. Commissions on ceded reinsurance	-	-	(42)
IX. Technical financial income net of the same expenses	22,749	4,028	2,629
Profit/(loss)	(43,575)	12,649	(8,194)

2022

		Motor	Home	Health
I.	Premiums earned (Direct)	767,514	139,879	28,675
	Premiums net of cancellations	782,277	145,558	29,305
	+/- Change in provisions for unearned premiums	(14,730)	(5,673)	(643)
	+/- Change in provisions for outstanding premiums	(33)	(6)	13
II.	Premiums from ceded reinsurance	4,745	8,234	12,850
	Premiums net of cancellations	4,745	8,234	13,124
	+/- Change in provisions for unearned premiums	-	-	(274)
	A. Total premiums earned, net of reinsurance (I-II)	762,769	131,645	15,825
III.	Claims incurred (Direct)	649,343	82,647	25,460
Benefits and expenses paid for claims incurred during the year, including attributable claims-related expenses		648,635	81,657	25,527
	Technical provisions for claims incurred during the year	708	990	(67)
IV.	Claims incurred from reinsurance (ceded)	2,061	386	11,104
Benefits and expenses paid on claims incurred during the year		2,061	386	11,137
	Technical provisions for claims incurred during the year	-	-	(33)
	B. Total net reinsurance claims incurred (III-IV)	647,282	82,261	14,356
V.	Acquisition costs	131,363	36,121	12,474
VI.	Administration expenses	18,666	5,869	1,086
VII.	Other technical expenses and income	(17,503)	241	243
VIII.	Commissions on ceded reinsurance	-	-	(4,232)
IX.	Technical financial income net of the same expenses	29,086	5,119	2,796
	Profit/(loss)	12,050	12,272	(5,306)

In the Health segment, a provision of € 2,686 thousand was posted in 2023 to cover unexpired risks (€ 2,378 thousand in 2022) (see Note 10).

In the other insurance segment, claims are settled at time of occurrence and there are no claims incurred arising from previous periods. Therefore, there is no difference between the technical account, which shows a positive result, and the account by time of occurrence, meaning it is not necessary to assign a provision for unexpired risks.

20. Remuneration and other benefits payable to the Bank's board of directors and Senior Management

a) Remuneration and benefits

The remuneration accrued by the Company's directors and Senior Management in 2023 amounted to € 1,012 thousand and € 3,391 thousand, respectively (€ 1,104 thousand and € 3,996 thousand, respectively, in 2022), as follows:

2023	Fixed salary	Variable salary	Remuneration in kind	Per diems/ allowances	Consolidated social security	Total
Senior management	2,819	286	225	-	61	3,391
Directors	822	4	19	167	-	1,012
Total	3,641	290	244	167	61	4,403

2022	Fixed salary	Variable salary	Remuneration in kind	Per diems/ allowances	Consolidated social security	Total
Senior management	3,371	380	187	-	58	3,996
Directors	830	22	31	221	-	1,104
Total	4,201	402	218	221	58	5,100

Senior management comprises the Group's Management Team, without counting the CEO, who qualifies as a director, along with the other board members.

The Directors section includes the remuneration of the members of the Board of Directors in their capacity as such and for their executive functions. The figures for 2022 include the remuneration for executive duties of the former CEO for the period running from 1 January 2022 to 17 February 2022, as well as the remuneration of the current CEO for her current functions as of 17 February 2022. The table does not include the compensation received by the former CEO due to his departure from the company, who in 2022 received € 405 thousand for this item, leaving € 270 thousand deferred over following three years. No information is shown for the former CEO in 2023, although during that year he did receive the first deferred payment of the compensation for his departure, the deferred payment of previous variables as well as the payment of consideration for the non-compete clause, amounting to € 194,301.

The "Fixed salary" item of Senior Management includes the amounts accrued for the departure of members of the Management Committee, in accordance with prevailing law and regulations.

The item "Variable salary" does not include amounts accrued during the year that are to be deferred to future years and which are subject to malus and clawback clauses. In 2022, the variable salary to be deferred over the next three years (2024, 2025 and 2026) was € 159 thousand for the Senior Management and € 15 thousand for the CEO, with the same amount being received in shares. The other directors do not have any variable salary. In 2023, the variable salary of the senior management to be deferred over the next three years (2025, 2026 and 2027) amounted to € 28 thousand. In the case of the Chief Executive Officer, the portion shown in the table relates to the non-deferred accrued portion of their salary, having accrued another portion in shares. The deferred amount corresponding to the following three years (2025, 2026 and 2027) is € 3 thousand in cash, receiving the same amount in shares.

The item "Per diems/allowances" for 2023 and 2022 shows the per diems received by all persons who sat on the Board of Directors during the financial year.

The item "Consolidated social security" includes a defined contribution savings and retirement scheme in the form of a savings policy for the Group's Senior Management. The savings policy in favour of the Group's senior management accrued € 61 thousand in company contributions and € 12 thousand in individual contributions from executives in 2023. Its mathematical provision at year-end 2023 amounted to € 746 thousand. In 2022, it accrued premiums amounting to € 58 thousand in company contributions and € 4 thousand in individual contributions from the executives. The mathematical provision at the end of that year was € 664 thousand.

The Group also has a collective insurance policy in effect to formalise its retirement pension commitments with certain members of Senior Management and the CEO. These defined contribution policies are also externalised and regular contributions are made for the different members of the group (Note 21). In 2023, this policy generated premium payments of € 542 thousand (€ 626 thousand in 2022) and no surrenders took place (€ 1,102 in surrenders in 2022). The mathematical provision for pensions for members of Senior Management amounted to € 11,014 thousand at 31 December 2023 (€ 10,656 thousand in 2022). The contributions made are not shown in the table above because they are non-vested remuneration, since there are events and circumstances that may entail their non-payment in the future.

In 2023, the Group paid € 32 thousand in D&O insurance premiums (€ 55 thousand in 2022) for members of Senior Management and other executives with decision-making powers at the Group.

At 31 December 2023 and 2022, no advances or loans had been granted by the Parent to the members of its Board of Directors or Senior Management and no obligations had been assumed on their behalf as way of guarantee or collateral.

21. Other expenses and other income

	2023	2022
Change in provision for payments under settlement agreements (Note 12)	3,236	3,423
Change in certain recoveries due to settlement agreements	(1,971)	(2,531)
Payments and recoveries under claim settlement agreements	(28,462)	(23,642)
Expenses recognised at destination	5,103	5,729
Total other technical expenses	(22,094)	(17,021)

Expenses shown on the technical account for 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

Other income and other expenses on the non-technical accounts are as follows:

	2023	2022
Costs of sending documentation to customers	43	43
Costs of distributing policies of other insurers	319	-
Total Other non-technical expenses	362	43
Intermediation income from credit cards and other insurers' policies	536	547
Commission payment for Insurance Compensation Consortium	639	629
Income from bank branch management	1,032	1,069
Income from management expenses passed on	622	622
Income from profit sharing in businesses delivered to Bankinter	329	450
Other sundry income	756	914
Total Other non-technical income	3,914	4,231

22. Other information

a) Guarantees with third parties

Guarantees provided to third parties amounted to € 46 thousand at 31 December 2023, mainly due to leases of industrial facilities (€ 1,874 thousand at 31 December 2022), and € 1,495 thousand in the form of court guarantees and deposits due on legal claims (€ 701 thousand at 31 December 2022).

b) Staff expenses and average number of employees

The breakdown of staff expenses in 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

	2023	2022
Wages and salaries	82,098	80,799
Termination benefits	3,627	4,921
Other staff expenses	23,700	22,171
	109,425	107,891

The average number of employees on the payroll in 2023 and 2022, broken down by job category, is as follows:

	2023				2022
	Total	Female	Male	Total	Female	Male
Managers	67	36	31	66	35	31
Expert professionals	343	164	179	345	165	180
Professionals	612	370	242	636	387	249
Staff	1,160	759	401	1	751	400
Total	2,182	1,329	853	2,198	1,338	860

Meanwhile, the distribution by gender of the Company's employees and directors, broken down by category and gender, was as follows at 31 December 2023 and 2022:

	2023			2022
	Total	Female	Male	Total	Female	Male
Directors	7	4	3	7	4	3
Managers	66	35	31	69	36	33
Expert professionals	338	160	178	340	163	177
Professionals	614	368	246	619	379	240
Staff	1,196	792	404	1,134	734	400
Total	2,221	1,359	862	2,169	1,316	853

The average number of employees with a degree of disability greater than or equal to 33% is 33 (33 employees in 2022).

c) Share-based remuneration plan

The Company's Chief Executive Officer and members of the Management Committee are included in an extraordinary remuneration plan of the Group, consisting of the delivery of shares over the three years following the IPO. The purpose of this Plan, which was approved at the General Shareholders' Meeting held on 18 March 2021, is to offer the subjects the possibility of receiving a certain number of shares in the three years following the date of IPO. Of the 13 participants in the Remuneration Plan, 12 are employees of the Company, while one of them is employed by another Group company, namely Línea Directa Asistencia. The main features of the plan are as follows:

i. The number of shares to be delivered per participant is the result of dividing € 100 thousand by the average share price over the thirty trading days following the date of the IPO. As this average price was € 1.6339, the number of shares to be delivered is 61,203 shares per participant. As there are thirteen participants in the Group's program, the remuneration plan would consist of the total distribution of 795,639 shares with a value of € 1,300 thousand, corresponding 734,436 shares to the 12 employees of the Company for a value of € 1,200 thousand.
ii. Term and vesting conditions: The plan guarantees the possibility of receiving 33% of the shares on the date of the first anniversary since the IPO (29 April 2022), the second batch of 33% on the second anniversary (29 April 2023), and the remaining 34% on the third anniversary (29 April 2024). To be entitled to each batch of shares, the participant must remain at the Company on the date of each of the three anniversaries, unless otherwise agreed or where their shares are protected in accordance with applicable law and regulations. If they do leave the Company, they will be entitled to keep any shares already received, unless such shares must be returned under the terms of the clawback clause.

The cost of the programme to the Company is recorded as a personnel expense and is offset by a reserve for treasury shares in equity in the balance sheet, which will be cancelled on the three anniversaries when the shares are delivered to the employees.

At 31 December 2022 and 2023, the staff expense accrued and recognised at the Company amounted to € 956 thousand. This allocation was made on the assumption that all plan members would meet the tenure condition on each anniversary.

The value of the incentive to be received in shares of the Company is assessed on the basis of the fair value of the equity instruments allocated at the grant date, considering the terms and conditions of the Plan. The number of equity instruments included when determining the amount of the transaction is adjusted each year through to the vesting date.

The Company had 377,582 treasury shares at 31 December 2023 with which to honour the Group's remuneration plan. Since 29 April 2021, the date of the IPO, on which the Company was awarded 239,678 own shares in the exchange of Bankinter shares, it has made successive acquisitions, all disclosed to the CNMV to complete the complete remuneration plan. The average purchase price of these shares was € 1.57 per share. Some shares were delivered in 2023, while the rest remain in equity. Details of treasury shares corresponding to the remuneration plan are as follows:

Acquisition date	Type of acquisition	Instrume nts	Price	Market value (thousand euro)	Acquisition cost (thousand euro)
29/04/2021	Exchange	239,678	1.32	316	316
04/05/2021	Purchase	186,570	1.61	300	300
06/05/2021	Purchase	94,700	1.58	150	150
21/07/2021	Purchase	64,332	1.77	114	114
22/07/2021	Purchase	85,957	1.73	150	150
23/07/2021	Purchase	59,702	1.74	104	104
26/07/2021	Purchase	27,293	1.76	48	48
27/07/2021	Purchase	23,183	1.75	41	41
28/07/2021	Purchase	14,228	1.75	24	24
01/05/2022	Delivery	(157,592)	1.57	(247)	(247)
11/05/2022	Sale	(463)	1.26	(1)	(1)
26/05/2022	Sale	(1)	1.32	-	-
15/11/2022	Purchase	214,000	0.99	212	212
16/11/2022	Purchase	10,000	0.94	9	9
22/11/2022	Delivered to employees	(104,529)	0.99	(102)	(102)
22/12/2022	Delivered to employees	(100,147)	0.99	(98)	(98)
14/04/2023	Delivered to CEO	(14,455)	0.99	(14)	(14)
04/05/2023	Delivered to directors, 2nd payment	(148,102)	0.99	(146)	(178)
22/11/2023	Delivered to employees	(44,444)	0.82	(36)	(70)
22/12/2023	Delivered to employees	(72,327)	0.80	(57)	(113)
Total		377,583	26.66	767	644

The Company will deliver the corresponding shares to the employee of the subsidiary Línea Directa Asistencia on the three anniversaries, with the cost being borne by the subsidiary and the Entity receiving cash as consideration for the fair value of the shares delivered.

d) Employee share plans under the Flexible Remuneration programme.

At year-end 2022 and 2023, employees were offered the opportunity to participate in a share purchase plan as part of their flexible remuneration, which was aimed at all employees of the Company with at least six months' tenure at the Company, excluding members of the Board of Directors.

They were two one-off programmes each lasting two months (November and December of 2022 and 2023), aimed at facilitating the acquisition of Línea Directa shares among employees through a flexible remuneration programme subject to a beneficial tax regime. The conditions for being able to include the plan in the flexible remuneration programme were as follows: the amount to be allocated would be capped at € 12,000 per year, the shares must be held for three years, and the delivery may not exceed the upper limit for overall remuneration in kind of 30% of the total remuneration, nor may the minimum wage be affected in any way.

The Plan was launched at a 5% discount on the share price. The Plan was approved by the Board of Directors in September and October of 2022 and 2023, following a report by the Appointments, Remuneration and Corporate Governance Committee.

Acquisition date	Type of acquisition	Instruments	Price	Market value (thousand euro)	Acquisition cost (thousand euro)
15/11/2022	Acquisition under the employee programme	214,000	0.99	211	211
16/11/2022	Acquisition under the employee programme	10,000	0.94	9	9
22/11/2022	Delivered to employees	(104,529)	0.96	(100)	(100)
22/12/2022	Delivered to employees	(100,147)	1.00	(100)	(100)
22/11/2023	Delivered to employees	(44,444)	0.82	(36)	(70)
22/12/2023	Delivered to employees	(72,327)	0.80	(57)	(113)
Total		(97,447)	0.92	(73)	(163)

Changes in treasury shares under the employee share ownership plan are as follows:

As the shares delivered exceeded the specific purchases for this programme by 97,447 shares, as shown in the table above, own shares left over from other plans were reallocated.

e) Audit fees

The following is a breakdown of the audit fees and other services provided by PricewaterhouseCoopers Auditores, S.L. during the year for the consolidated and separate financial statements of the consolidated companies (fees excluding expenses and VAT):

	2023	2022
Audit services*	279	241
Other services required by law	140	111
Other attest services	43	45
Total professional services	462	397

*The amount of audit services accrued refers to the audit fees for the annual financial statements of the entire Línea Directa Group.

The heading "Other services required by law" mainly shows the fees for the review of the report on the financial position and solvency of the parent and its subsidiaries, as well as for the independent external attest service under limited assurance of the Group's Non-Financial Statement (NFS).

The main items included under "Other attest services" relate to the issuance of the agreed-upon procedures report on the Group's Internal Control over Financial Reporting (ICFR) system, the limited review of the condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the year and limited reviews of the Group's subsidiaries.

f) Financial structure

At 31 December 2023 and 2022, the Company was the parent of the Línea Directa Aseguradora Group, whose subsidiaries are as follows:

Subsidiaries	Activity	Stake
Línea Directa Asistencia, S.L.U.	Vehicle inspections and roadside assistance	100 %
Moto Club LDA, S.L.U.	Sundry services related to motorcycles	100 %
Centro Avanzado de Reparaciones CAR, S.L.U.	Provision of vehicle repair services	100 %
Ambar Medline, S.L.U.	Insurance brokerage	100 %
LDActivos, S.L.U.	Asset management	100 %
LDA Reparaciones, S.L.U.	Repair of home insurance claims(*) Wound up in 2023	100 %

In turn, Línea Directa Aseguradora S.A., Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros, was part of the Bankinter Group and was consolidated commercially by global integration until the company's IPO on 29 April 2021.

On 17 July 2014, Fundación Línea Directa was founded through a non-refundable donation to the foundation's endowment fund. The Foundation strives to improve road safety by preventing and reducing road accidents, promoting responsible behaviour at the wheel, fostering education in road safety, getting involved in post-accident prevention, intervention and care activities for victims, while also carrying out whatever other actions may be conducive to the best achievement of its goals.

The subsidiary LDA Reparaciones S.L.U. ceased to operate in November 2023.

g) Information on the environment and on greenhouse gas emission allowances

The Company did not make any investments or incur any expenses in relation to environmental protection activities in 2023 and 2022.

The Company's directors consider that no significant contingencies exist when it comes to the environmental protection and improvement and do not consider it necessary to post any provision for environmental risks and expenses at 31 December 2023.

No amounts were allocated to these items in 2023, and nor were there any movements in expenses or provisions during the year. Moreover, no futures contracts were signed or subsidies received for greenhouse gas emission allowances.

Information on conflicts of interest affecting directors and their related persons

At the end of 2023 and 2022, none of the Company's directors, nor any person related to them within the meaning of Article 229 of the Capital Companies Law (Ley de Sociedades de Capital), notified the other directors of any conflict they may have, either directly or indirectly, with the Company's own interests.

h) Customer service

The legal regulatory framework for financial services provides customers with the appropriate level of protection to ensure confidence in the functioning of the markets. Notably, Order ECO/734/2004, of 11 March, on customer care and ombudsman departments and services of financial institutions, requires insurance undertakings to have a customer care department or service, in order to attend to and resolve complaints and claims presented by their customers wishing to exercise their legally recognised rights and interests.

The decision shall be reasoned and contain clear conclusions in respect of the request raised in each complaint or claim, based on the applicable contractual terms, rules on transparency and customer expectations, as well as good financial practices and usages.

In 2023, a total of 7,637 incidents were handled (5,809 incidents in 2022), 630 (8.25%) of which qualified as complaints (398 (6.85%) complaints in 2022) and 7,007 (91.75%) as grievances (5,411 (93.15%) grievances in 2022). Of the total, 21% related to Policy quoting and management, 63.39% to Accident management and 3.33% to the Roadside assistance service (2022: 20.86%, 69.48% and 3.10%, respectively).

The breakdown by type of case managed by the Group in 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

		2023	2022
	Number	% of total	Number	% of total
Complaints	630	8%	398	7%
Grievances	7,007	92%	5,411	93%
Total cases handled	7,637	100%	5,809	100%

The breakdown by department of the cases generated by the Group in 2023 and 2022 is as follows:

	2023		2022
	Number	% of total	Number	% of total
Quotations and Policy Management	1,605	21%	1,212	21%
Accident management	5,070	63%	4,036	69%
Roadside assistance service	255	3%	180	3%
Other	707	13%	381	7%
Total cases handled	7,637	100%	5,809	100%

Main issues raised by customers:

1. Rejection of damage claim following expert inspection.
1. Delays in processing and repairing damage.
1. Policy exclusions.
1. Policy cancellation, in relation to processing and reimbursement of unearned premiums.

Of the total complaints and claims received in 2023, 82.06% (82.10% in 2022) were considered founded and 39.86% valid (38.13% in 2022).

In 2023, a total of 488 cases were heard by the Consumer Ombudsman (428 cases in 2022). A decision was handed down against the insured claimants in 56.15 % of these cases, which relate to the following main grievances:

Application/interpretation of insurance cover and
Valuation/compensation of claims.

The percentage of decisions issued against the policyholders' interests was higher than in the previous year, as in 2023 214 of the 488 decisions issued were favourable to the policyholder, while in 2022 they were 287 of the 428, with percentages of 43.85% and 67.05% and revealing a percentage difference between years of 23.20%.

In his report, the Consumer Ombudsman calls for prompter handling of claims so that, between LINEA DIRECTA and the Consumer Ombudsman, they can be resolved ahead of the maximum deadlines prescribed by applicable law and regulations on consumer affairs, pursuant to Royal Legislative Decree 1/2007, of 16 November. It also suggests that the general terms and conditions of the policies, containing their delimitation of risks, exclusions and limitation of liability clauses, should be signed at the same time as the special terms and conditions, whether the product is arranged remotely or via traditional channels.

23. Objectives, policies and procedures for managing risks arising from insurance contracts

Insurance business risk attaches mainly to non-life insurance contracts, which in turn consists of premium sub-risk (risk of sufficiency of premiums) and reserve sub-risk (risk of sufficiency of technical provisions).

The Company manages reinsurance as a primary tool for mitigating the premium and reserve subrisks. Reinsurance also forms part of counterparty risk due to the risk of default of the amounts recoverable from the reinsurance companies.

Reinsurance policy

The reinsurance system used by the Group is based mainly on an Excess of Loss (XL) structure for each segment, so as to achieve protection against serious losses or catastrophic losses and events caused by natural phenomena not covered by the Insurance Compensation Consortium, using reinsurance to provide stability against this type of random natural catastrophes, for both occurrence and amount, and a quota share reinsurance contract for the health insurance segment signed in 2017.

On 1 September 2017, the Company entered into a quota share reinsurance contract for the health insurance business, which expires on 31 December 2029 and comes with a two-year renewal option. This contract includes an assignment of 50% of the premium income and claims cost of most of the policies of the Health segment.

Until 2022, the contract also included a table of fixed and variable reinsurance commissions payable to the Group. The fixed commission was calculated as a percentage of the premium ceded and as a fixed amount until 2022. The variable commission was calculated on the basis of the premiums assigned during the term of the contract of the year, and the performance of the claims ratio during the agreed years from 2022 onward. These commissions were capped. However, an addendum to the contract was signed in 2023, in which it was agreed that there would be no exchange of commissions between the parties.

It also envisions profit sharing at the Company if positive technical results are obtained.

In the case of the early termination, compensation will be paid due to cancellation by any of the parties if they are unable to reach an agreement or in any other situation that frustrates the continuation and normal performance of the contract. However, early termination clauses that may pose a threat to the effective transfer of risks and rewards relate in all cases to extremely remote situations.

The performance of the technical result and the credit recognised by the Company will depend on the changes in the main technical aggregates, such as premiums, claims incurred, and acquisition and administrative expenses. There may therefore be differences in respect of the business plan defined by the Group.

Reinsurers must be filed with the National Financial Services Commission, CNSF (Comisión Nacional de Servicios Financieros) and comply with strict security requirements. They must also possess outstanding ratings that demonstrate their financial solvency. Foreign entities must present a certificate of residence in Spain.

The criteria followed for establishing the reinsurance network requires at least an 'A' rating of reinsurance companies. However, a deposit clause will be included in contracts of reinsurance companies with an S&P of rating below AA-. Any exception is approved by the Board of Directors.

The ratings of the various entities that are included in the reinsurance network are reviewed on a quarterly basis, with monitoring of the credit risk ratings published by Standard & Poor's, to control any changes in probability of default of the commitments undertaken.

Premium sub-risk

The Technical Department of Línea Directa Aseguradora adjusts products and prices in accordance with the Company's general strategy. All these modifications are supported by actuarial analyses documented in the related technical notes and approved by the Technical Committee, which is the body responsible for managing this sub-risk. The Health segment is monitored by the Health Technical Area.

The Technical Committee takes operational decisions that affect prices and risk underwriting terms for the products offered by Línea Directa Aseguradora, ensuring that they are consistent with the strategy and objectives established by the Board of Directors. To do so, it considers the proposals presented by the Technical Department, also taking into account data on the position of the business and the outlook provided by the different business areas.

Reserve sub-risk

In accordance with IFRS 17, and as explained in the note on valuation methods, for the calculation of the incurred claims provision the company performs a Best Estimate calculation discounted to the risk-free curve, based on the company's experience and expert judgement with a risk margin thereon.

The Claims and Reserves Committee is responsible for managing the Company's reserve risk and reinsurance credit risk. It functions are to monitor the Company's reserves and provisions to ensure adequate coverage of claims, and to approve changes in the policies for the opening and provisioning of claims for all the different levels of coverage and guarantee, thus ensuring the adequacy of reserves, in accordance with the guidelines approved by the Company's Board of Directors.

Furthermore, to ensure that the Company complies with the obligations arising from Additional Provision 18 of Law 20/2015 of 14 July, and so that the technical provisions reflect the obligations arising from the contracts underwritten, the controls listed below have been put in place to post the provision for claims:

Analysis of the trend in subsequent periods of cost deviations of claims occurring before the end of each period. The analysis is carried out on the basis of claims incurred and reported at the end of the reference period. Its purpose is to check and to correct possible cost deviations that occur in claims of those referred to as "long tail", which are caused as a result of not having sufficient information at the reporting date to properly assess them.
Performance of monthly and quarterly forecasts of claim costs
The Company's reserves position is also analysed by independent consultants at least once a year, which is submitted to the Board of Directors.

Concentrations of insurance risk

The Company's insurance business is mainly located in Spain, with no particularly significant concentration in any given geographical area.

The following table shows the premium concentration for those autonomous communities of Spain with a concentration of above 5% for 2023 and 2022:

	2023	2022
Andalusia	23.36 %	23.20 %
Catalonia	21.17 %	20.80 %
Madrid	12.46 %	12.70 %
Valencian Community	12.11 %	12.20 %
Murcia	4.73 %	4.80 %
Other	26.17 %	26.30 %
Total	100.00 %	100.00 %

The Company's business focuses on non-life segments (mainly motor risks), which, in terms of insurance premiums, show the following distribution:

	2023
	Total	Risks – Motor	Home Risks	Risks – Other insurance	Risks – Health
Premiums written	973,281	792,684	149,430	783	30,384
Premiums ceded	(23,556)	(5,051)	(4,891)	(11)	(13,603)

	2022
	Total	Risks – Motor	Home Risks	Risks – Other insurance	Risks – Health
Premiums written	946,679	772,787	143,713	1,097	29,082
Premiums ceded	(26,139)	(4,746)	(8,234)	(35)	(13,124)

24. Events after the reporting period

No significant events have occurred after the end of 2023 and up to the date of authorisation for issue of these annual accounts.

LÍNEA DIRECTA ASEGURADORA S.A.

1. Business performance

In 2023, global economic activity remained buoyant despite the tightening of global monetary policy and multiple sources of geopolitical uncertainty. Israel's incursion into Gaza dominated the latter part of the year and the whole of the Middle East and the West are watching the situation closely due to the risk of a further escalation. In the meantime, there has still been no solution to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.

The year presented notable challenges, especially in cost management due to the sharp increase in inflation, which fed through to the statement of profit or loss in the cost of claims cost item. Despite the difficult economic conditions throughout the year and the decline in the number of customers, the Company achieved net earned reinsurance premiums for the year of € 937 million, up 3.99% on the previous year.

The technical result revealed a loss of € -25.2 million, down 137% on the profit obtained in 2022. The main factor driving this decline was the increase in the claims ratio during the year to 85.94%, compared to 76.00% in 2022, due to inflationary pressures on the cost of claims. In particular, the cost of claims was heavily impacted by the sharp increase in repair and replacement costs, higher expenditure on personal injury claims and higher hospital charges.

The financial result amounted to € 29.4 million, down 20.5% on the previous year, mainly due to the reduction in net realised capital gains. In 2020, these capital gains mainly include gains on foreign currency profiting from the rise in the dollar and gains from the sale of investment funds prior to the introduction of IFRS 9, in order to avoid volatility in the result by recognising changes in valuation through the statement of profit or loss for this type of financial asset. The average rate of return was 2.61% for fixed income securities and 4.75% for equities.

The Company has continued to pursue its investment policy with the aim of guaranteeing the security, liquidity and profitability of its investments, applying principles of dispersion and diversification and ensuring a suitable mix of investment maturities (terms) in respect of the technical liabilities to be covered, in a bid to mitigate market, credit, liquidity and cash flow risks.

2. Financial position and equity

The solvency ratio, calculated in accordance with Solvency II regulations, was 180% at the end of 2023, compared to 188% in 2022.

3. Outlook for 2024

The outlook for the coming quarters is of a gentle and gradual acceleration in economic activity within Spain, driven by a steady improvement in the European and global context, rallying levels of confidence and, looking further ahead to 2025–2026, less of a macroeconomic impact from the ongoing tightening of monetary policy.

In any case, GDP growth will be significantly lower than in 2023, as pre-pandemic levels of activity have already been exceeded.

Moreover, GDP growth has been slightly downgraded by the Bank of Spain in 2024 and 2025, owing, among other factors, to a less favourable outlook for future consumption developments.

Headline inflation is expected to remain on a slightly rising path in early 2024 and to resume a declining path from the second part of the year onwards. This outlook is largely determined by the expected trend in energy prices moving forward and is conditional (in an upward sense) on the authorities lifting the main measures in place to mitigate the effects of the inflationary upturn. Meanwhile, core inflation is expected to gradually retreat, given the likely decline in energy and food commodity prices and the downward trend in producer prices.

In the insurance context, the cost of claims in the Motor business is expected to be somewhat lower in 2024, albeit still high. The injury scale has been adjusted to 3.8% and rising repair costs are now beginning to slow.

This year, Linea Directa will continue its transformation into a multi-product, customer-centric, more commercially capable, digital and efficient company. These actions, coupled with the positive market momentum, should increase revenue growth across the various segments in which the Company operates.

The actions undertaken in 2023 and the technical measures adopted to reduce the impact of inflation and to reverse the trend in the claims ratio will lead to steady improvements.

Last but not least, efficiency and productivity will be key features of our roadmap as always, as we work to further improve our management ratios. Improved efficiency will allow us to grow and become more agile, while deploying our strategy with a greater impact, improving our costs structure, and offering better products at more competitive prices.

4. Information on deferred payments to suppliers

The Company settles payments to suppliers before the legal deadlines (30 days) and in certain specific cases as per the conditions explicitly agreed upon with the suppliers, without in any case exceeding 60 days. The average payment period to suppliers is 22.57 days.

5. Transactions with treasury shares

a) Share-based remuneration plan

1. The number of shares to be delivered per participant is the result of dividing € 100 thousand by the average share price over the thirty trading days following the date of the IPO. As this average price was € 1.6339, the number of shares to be delivered is 61,203 shares per participant. As there are thirteen participants in the Group's program, the remuneration plan would consist of the total distribution of 795,639 shares with a value of € 1,300 thousand, corresponding 734,436 shares to the 12 employees of the Company for a value of € 1,200 thousand.
1. Term and vesting conditions: The plan guarantees the possibility of receiving 33% of the shares on the date of the first anniversary since the IPO (29 April 2022), the second batch of 33% on the second anniversary (29 April 2023), and the remaining 34% on the third anniversary (29 April 2024). To be entitled to each batch of shares, the participant must remain at the Company on the date of each of the three anniversaries, unless otherwise agreed or where their shares are protected in accordance with applicable law and regulations. If they do leave the Company, they will be entitled to keep any shares already received, unless such shares must be returned under the terms of the clawback clause.

At year-end 2023 and 2022, the staff expense accrued and recognised at the Company amounted to € 978 thousand. This allocation was made on the assumption that all plan members would meet the tenure condition on each anniversary.

The Company had 637,586 treasury shares at 31 December 2022 with which to honour the Group's remuneration plan. Since 29 April 2021, the date of the IPO, on which the Company was awarded 239,678 own shares in the exchange of Bankinter shares, it has made successive acquisitions, all disclosed to the CNMV to complete the complete remuneration plan. The average purchase price of these shares was € 1.57 per share. Some shares were delivered in 2022, while the rest remain in equity.

b) Employee share plans under the Flexible Remuneration programme.

At year-end 2022 and 2023, employees were offered the opportunity to partake in a share purchase plan as part of their flexible remuneration. The plan was aimed at all employees of the Parent Company (not including other group companies) with a minimum of six months' tenure, and did not apply to members of the Board of Directors.

6. Use of derivative financial instruments

At year-end 2023, the Company held an interest rate swap (IRS) to hedge against rising interest rates for an initial term of 10 years. It has been found to be fully compliant with the effectiveness criteria for this type of financial instrument.

7. Events after the reporting date

There have been no significant events subsequent to the reporting date.

8. Research and development

The Company continued to engage in research and development activities in 2023, involving the development of advanced IT applications applied to motor insurance management.

9. Information on employees

At 31 December 2023, the Company's workforce comprised 1,359 women and 862 men, of whom 33 were employees with a degree of disability equal to or greater than 33%.

10. Complaints and Consumer Ombudsman

In accordance with Order ECO/734/2004 of 11 March, the Línea Directa Customer Service Department and the Consumer Ombudsman have drawn up reports to explain their activities and performance in 2022. These reports are summarised below:

a) Complaints and grievances – 2023

Main issues raised by customers:

1. Rejection of damage claim following expert inspection.
1. Delays in handling cases, carrying out appraisals and valuations and repairing damage.
1. Policy exclusions.
1. Policy cancellation, in relation to processing and reimbursement of unearned premiums.

Of the total complaints and claims received in 2023, 82.06% (82.10% in 2022) were considered founded and 39.86% valid (38.13% in 2022).

b) Consumer Ombudsman:

Application/interpretation of insurance cover and
Valuation/compensation of claims.

11. Other non-financial information

The Company is exempt from disclosing the non-financial information set out in Law 11/2018, of 28 December, as this information is included in a separate report, namely the consolidated nonfinancial statement for 2023 of the Línea Directa Aseguradora Group, the scope of consolidation of which includes the Company. The consolidated annual accounts, together with the consolidated management report in which this statement is included, will be filed with the Mercantile Registry of Madrid.

12. Annual corporate governance report, ICFR and annual report on director remuneration

For the purposes of Article 538 of the Corporate Enterprises Act, the consolidated Management Report includes the Annual Corporate Governance Report (ACGR), Internal Control over Financial Reporting (ICFR) and the Annual Report on Director Remuneration (ARDR) of Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A., Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros, all for the year ended 2023. Both reports are available and can be consulted in full on the website of the Spanish National Securities Market Commission (Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores, or CNMV) and on the corporate website.

The Board of Directors of LÍNEA DIRECTA ASEGURADORA, S.A. COMPAÑÍA DE SEGUROS Y REASEGUROS, at its meeting of 29 February 2023, and in compliance with the requirements set out in Article 253 of the Revised Text of the Capital Enterprises Law and Article 37 of the Commercial Code, drew up and authorised for issue the annual financial statements of LINEA DIRECTA ASEGURADORA, S.A. COMPAÑÍA DE SEGUROS Y REASEGUROS and the Management Report contained herein, in relation to financial year 2023.

Mr Alfonso Botín-Sanz de Sautuola y Naveda Chairman	Ms Patricia Ayuela de Rueda Director
Ms Rita Estevez Luaña	Ms Elena Otero-Novas Miranda
Director	Director
Mr John de Zulueta Greenebaum	Ms Ana María Plaza Arregui
Director	Director
Mr Fernando Masaveu Herrero Director

ATTESTATION to put on record that the annual accounts do not bear the signatures, either in handwritten form or by recognised electronic signature, of any of the directors, owing to material impossibility as a result of the technical restrictions arising from the formatting (and labelling) requirements set out in Commission Delegated Regulation EU 2018/815.

Mr Pablo González-Schwitters Grimaldo

Secretary to the Board of Directors

AI Terminal

Linea Directa Aseguradora S.A.

1851_10-k-afs_2024-03-04_f1a9bcbe-5b43-4a43-9b36-ecd71192ce65.pdf

Index

1. EXTERNAL AUDITOR'S REPORT 3. MANAGEMENT REPORT 2023

Independent auditor's report on the annual accounts

Report on the annual accounts

Opinion

Basis for opinion

Key audit matters

Key audit matters How our audit addressed the key audit matters

Other information: Management report

Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the annual accounts

Report on other legal and regulatory requirements

Report to the audit commission

Appointment period

Services provided

Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A. Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros Balance sheet at 31 December 2023 and 2022

Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A. Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros Balance sheet at 31 December 2023 and 2022

Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A. Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros Statement of profit or loss for the years ended

December 2023 and 2022

Línea Directa Aseguradora, S.A. Compañía de Seguros y Reaseguros Statement of profit or loss for the years ended

Statement of changes in equity for the years 2023 and 2022

Statements of recognised income and expense

Statement of changes in equity for the years 2023 and 2022

Statement of changes in total equity

Statements of cash flow for the years 2023 and 2022

1. Overview of the Company and its activities

2. Basis of preparation of the annual accounts

a) Regulatory financial reporting framework applicable to the Company

B) Fair presentation

c) Critical aspects regarding the valuation and estimation of uncertainty

d) Accounting principles

e) Comparison of information

f) Grouping of items

g) Error correction

h) Changes in accounting standards

i) Income and expense recognition criteria

3. Distribution of earnings

4. Recognition and measurement standards

a) Intangible assets

Software

Other

b) Property, plant and equipment and investment property

Property, plant and equipment and investment property Rate

c) Prepaid commissions and other capitalised acquisition expenses

d) Financial instruments

d.1) Financial assets

Cash and cash equivalents

Loans and receivables

Holdings in group companies and associates

Available-for-sale financial assets

Derecognition of financial assets

Dividend distribution

System for measuring financial instruments for accounting and supervisory purposes

d.2) Financial liabilities

Debt and accounts payable

Derecognition of financial liabilities

e) Hedge accounting

Fair value hedges

Interest rate hedges

Measuring hedge effectiveness

f) Income tax

g) Technical provisions

Provision for unearned premiums

Provision for unexpired risks

Provisions for claims

Equalisation reserve

h) Reinsurers' share of technical provisions

i) Termination benefits

j) Employee benefits

Defined contributions

Defined benefit plans

Payments for share-based services and goods

k) Provision and credit for payments and recoveries under settlement agreements

l) Non-technical income and expenses

m) Related-party transactions

n) Provisions and contingencies

o) Income and expenditure – reclassification of expenditure by purpose

Direct insurance