Investor Presentation • Mar 25, 2025
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generalfinance.it 1

FY2024 results and 2025-2027 Business Plan Presentation

This presentation has been prepared by Generalfinance and contains certain information of a forward-looking nature, projections, targets, and estimates that reflect Generalfinance management's current views related to future events. Forward-looking information not represent historical facts. Such information includes financial projections and estimates as well as related assumptions, information referring to plans, objectives, and expectations regarding future operations, products, and services, and information regarding future financial results. By their very nature, forward-looking information involves a certain amount of risk, uncertainty and assumptions so that actual results could differ significantly from those expressed or implied in forward-looking information. These forward-looking statements have been developed from scenarios based on a set of economic assumptions related to a given competitive and regulatory environment.
There are a variety of factors that may cause actual results and performance to be materially different from the explicit or implicit contents of any forward-looking statements and thus, such forward-looking statements are not a reliable indicator of futures performance. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise expect as may be required by applicable law. The information and opinions contained in this Presentation are provided as at the date hereof and are subject to change without notice. Neither this Presentation nor any part of it nor the fact of its distribution may form the basis of, or be relied on or in connection with, any contract or investment decision.
The information, statements and opinions contained in this Presentation are for information purposes only and do not constitute a public offer under any applicable legislation or an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to purchase or subscribe for securities or financial instruments or any advise or recommendation with respect to such securities or other financial instruments. None of the securities referred to herein have been, or will be, registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the securities laws of any State or other jurisdiction of the United States or in Australia, Canada or Japan or any jurisdiction where such an offer or solicitation would be unlawful (the "Other Countries"), and there will be no public offer of any such securities in the United States. This Presentation does not constitute or form apart of any offer or solicitation to purchase or subscribe for securities in the United States or the Other Countries.
Pursuant the consolidated law on financial intermediation of 24 February 1998 (article 154-bis, paragraph 2) Ugo Colombo, in his capacity as manager responsible for the preparation of the Company's financial reports declares that the accounting information contained in this Presentation reflects the Generalfinance documented results, financial accounts and accounting records. Neither the Company nor any of its or their respective representatives, directors or employees accept any liability whatsoever in connection with this Presentation or any of its contents or in relation to any loss arising from its use or from any reliance placed upon it.

Generalfinance: overview and 2024 results
2024 results: Balance Sheet, P&L, Funding and Capital
Digital, Low Risk Player
Business Plan 2025-2027: overview and initiatives
Business Plan 2025-2027: financials
Key Takeaways
Annex



Innovation, soundness, and strategic vision for a path to sustainable and international growth


The management team showed great executions skills in achieving financial targets and driving value creation for shareholders and stakeholders.




Stock price trend during the period 29.06.2022 - 26.02.2025; TSR: Total Shareholder Return (dividends related to 2024 profit non included) Peers include Banca Sistema, BFF, Banca Ifis, Illimity Bank
Source: Teleborsa Peers: average of the stock performance during the period 29.06.2022 – 26.02.2025



Turnover includes future receivables; market average: Assifact, December 2024


Very strong profitability level, higher than 2024 guidance


| Statement (€mn) Income |
2021A | 2022A | 2023A | 2024A | YoY% | CAGR '21-'24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interest Margin |
6 2 |
3 7 |
9 0 |
12 4 |
37 8% |
25 7% |
| Commission Net |
17 7 |
23 6 |
27 2 |
36 4 |
7% 33 |
2% 27 |
| Net Banking Income |
23 9 |
30 9 |
36 2 |
48 8 |
34 9% |
26 8% |
| value adjustments / write-backs for credit risk Net |
(0 2) |
(1 2) |
(1 3) |
(1 2) |
(7 7%) |
1% 75 |
| Operating Costs |
(9 8) |
(13 2) |
(12 9) |
(16 0) |
24 0% |
17 9% |
| Profit Net |
9 5 |
10 9 |
15 1 |
21 1 |
40 0% |
30 7% |
| (€m) | 2021A | 2022A | 2023A | 2024A | YoY% | CAGR '21-'24 |
| Turnover | 1 402 9 , |
2 009 4 , |
2 559 3 , |
3 029 5 , |
4% 18 |
3% 29 |
| Disbursed Amount |
118 1 5 , |
674 0 1 , |
2 161 4 , |
2 393 6 , |
10 7% |
28 9% |
| LTV Pro-solvendo LTV |
7% 79 78 6% |
3% 83 81 6% |
5% 84 79 7% |
0% 79 9% 75 |
(6 4%) (4 8%) |
(0 3%) (1 2%) |
| Net Banking / (%) Income Average Loan |
9 6% |
8 7% |
8 5% |
9 1% |
6 1% |
(1 9%) |
| Margin Banking (%) Interest / Net Income |
0% 26 |
5% 23 |
8% 24 |
4% 25 |
2% 2 |
(0 9%) |
| Cost Income Ratio |
40 9% |
42 7% |
35 7% |
32 9% |
(8 0%) |
(7 0%) |
| ROE (%) |
42 0% |
23 7% |
29 3% |
35 8% |
21 9% |
(5 2%) |
| Balance Sheet (€mn) |
2021A | 2022A | 2023A | 2024A | YoY% | CAGR '21-'24 |
| Cash Cash Equivalents & |
33 5 |
43 7 |
21 7 |
122 4 |
465 0% |
54 0% |
| Financial Assets |
321 0 |
385 4 |
462 4 |
614 9 |
33 0% |
24 2% |
| Other Assets |
10 8 |
14 7 |
15 9 |
32 3 |
7% 102 |
8% 43 |
| Total Assets |
365 3 |
443 8 |
500 0 |
769 6 |
53 9% |
28 2% |
| Financial Liabilities |
314 6 |
368 4 |
409 4 |
635 2 |
2% 55 |
4% 26 |
| Other Liabilities |
18 7 |
18 6 |
24 2 |
54 3 |
124 1% |
42 7% |
| Liabilities Total |
333 3 |
387 0 |
433 6 |
689 5 |
0% 59 |
4% 27 |
| Shareholder's Equity |
32 0 |
56 8 |
66 4 |
80 1 |
20 6% |
35 8% |



RWA Density: RWA / Total Asset
Note: CET1 Ratio and Total Capital Ratio calculated taking into account net profit of the 2024, net of total dividends to be distributed (payout 50% of net profit)

Use of Funding: sum of financial liabilities (red) and refactoring non-recourse transactions (orange)
Securitization: included only for an amount equal to the credit lines approved by banks




Cost of Risk has been computed as Credit Risk Adjustments / Annual Disbursed Loans; Gross NPE («Non-Performing Exposure») Ratio has been computed as Gross NPE / Gross Loans to Customers


The Net Risk borne by Generalfinance on total financial assets as at December 31, 2024 was €278 mn.
Insurance: Allianz Trade (Credit Insurance) cap equal to 50x annual premiums for total €57 mn; Sace Guarantees for total €74 mn Personal guarantees: calculated by summing the smaller value between "Guarantee" and "Exposure" for each factoring relationship between Generalfinance and the seller Coverage ratio: Sum of guarantees / Financial Assets





Data LTM, as of December 2024
Total transactions: sum of Automaric Disponsal, Automatic Disbursement, Automatic settlement, Installments and Automated notifications

The peculiarity of Generalfinance's business model is the choice of Seller–Debtor, where clients (Sellers) typically have a low credit rating (turnaround situation) while the Debtors underlying customer loans refer to a high credit rating (normally investment grade)


1.00 1.75 2.50 3.25 4.00

1) Generalfinance data refers to December 31, 2024 (LTM); Assifact data refers to September 30, 2024;
2) Assifact data net of household debtors; 3) NewCo: New Company after the definition of the turnaraund plan

| e as h P |
1 2 Client Acquisition |
3 Assessment & pre qualification |
4 Proposal |
Negotiation and underwriting |
5 Credit decision |
6 Credit management |
7 Monitoring |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| es viti Acti |
Acquisition of ▪ ▪ new Clients Collection of ▪ Client data to check sales, turnover, customers, suppliers, etc.) ▪ Generate Client ▪ Report ▪ |
Customer ▪ assessment (economic and financial analysis, AML checks, Summary Report Process ▪ assessment (for distressed procedures) Debtor assessment (data collection, creditworthiness check) |
Overall file ▪ assessment (review of Summary Report ▪ and other relevant documents) Definition of a non-binding proposal, to be shared with the ▪ Client |
Forwarding of proposal to Client Discussion of any amendments within the decision-making scope of the Sales Office Sign-off of terms and conditions by the Client |
Additional data ▪ collection on the Assignor Review of ▪ Assignor/Assign ee assessment Credit decision ▪ on the maximum amount disbursable to Assignor and credit facilities to Debtors Signing of ▪ contract |
Acquisition / ▪ assignment of receivables , prepayments and relevant process management Relationship ▪ management with Assignor and Assigned Debtors Collection ▪ management |
Monitoring of ▪ factored receivables Monitoring of ▪ credit risk Management of ▪ outstanding receivables Monitoring of ▪ collections Reporting on ▪ information flows between corporate bodies |
| nt e m part e D |
CCO ▪ ▪ |
CLO ▪ |
Credit ▪ Committee ▪ |
CCO CLO |
Credit ▪ Committee |
COO ▪ |
CLO ▪ |

generalfinance.it 25

| Macro score | Indicator | Assessment details |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | BRI | Counterparty summary assessment considering the economic ▪ and financial aspects, the history of the company, the shareholders structure, etc. |
| CGS | ▪ Counterparty summary assessment considering the economic and financial aspects, the history of the company, the shareholders structure, etc. |
|
| Financial score |
Rating Score |
▪ Counterparty summary assessment considering the economic and financial aspects, the history of the company, the shareholders structure, etc. |
| Delinquency Score |
Probability of late payments over the next 12 months ▪ |
|
| Failure Score |
▪ Company probability of default over the next 12 months |
|
| 2 Payments score |
Paydex | Score on the counterparty's payment performance ▪ |
| Payline | Score on the counterparty's payment performance ▪ |
|
| 3 Credit |
Grade Allianz Trade |
Degree of credit insurability ▪ |
| insurability score |
DRA | ▪ Degree of credit insurability ▪ Coface – in progress |
| 4 Credit insurance |
Insurance | ▪ Insurance partnership with Allianz Trade to insure up to 100% of the credit cross, starting from amounts above 30k |

Given that the majority of Generalfinance's turnover is realized towards distressed Sellers, the Company can benefit from a reduction in risk, because of 3 main factors





Generalfinance boasts a portfolio quality, both in terms of Payment Conditions and Payment Delays, better than the rest of the market



| Profitability acceleration and sustainable value creation | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ~ €14 bn | >€83 mn | >€42 mn | ~ 32% |
~ 13% |
~ €33 mn |
~ 34% |
| Cumulative Turnover 2025-27 |
Cumulative Net Income 2025-27 |
Shareholder remuneration related to the 25'-27' period (€52 mn including 24' dividends) |
ROE 2027 | Total Capital Ratio 2027 |
Net Income 2027 |
Cost Income 2027 |
| Total dividends / market cap ~ 32% The five pillars of our acceleration program |
||||||
| 1 2 Strategic International consolidation of growth driven operations in by entry into the Italy in the Spanish and distressed / Swiss market special situations factoring market |
3 Strategic development of digital lending trough Workinvoice and proprietary digital platforms |
4 Diversification funding resources with the renewed credit lines to support growth |
5 of |
Enhancing and expanding agreements (banks, institutions, funds) to foster growth and strengthen the origination model |
Social impact of core business and strong governance to support growth



In the overall fast-growing factoring market (turnover in Italy is expected to grow from €289bn in 2024 to €300bn in 2025) Generalfinance focuses on special situations (companies classified into the UTP, forborne and past due categories by banks) with a portfolio of performing debtors

Potential turnover of factoring to distressed enterprises (€bn, 2022-2024E)(2)

2022A 2024E 2023A 34 38 40 Potential Distressed Factoring Generalfinance Market share 5.9% 6.7% 7.6% Potential Distressed Factoring Market €bn
2025E: Forecast data – "Forefact n.1 2025"
9.0
(1) Range of values estimated in the report of Allianz « Global Insolvency Outlook »
(2) Range of values estimated in the Deloitte report «Il Factoring come strumento per il rilancio delle imprese in crisi» Nov. 2023, mkt. share based on distressed segment




| Cumulative change over 2023 and 2024 |
Strongly increasing (+30% and more) |
Brazil Estonia Italy Japan |
Netherlands US |
Ireland Poland South Korea |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Noticeably increasing (+15% to +30%) |
Chile Turkey |
Lithuania | Australia France Germany Luxembourg New Zeland Norway Portugal |
Canada Finland Hungary UK Sweden |
||
| Increasing (0% to +15%) |
India Latvia |
Colombia Czechia Slovakia |
Austria Belgium Bulgaria Switzerland Romania |
Denmark Morocco Spain |
||
| Decreasing | China Russia Singapore |
South Africa | Taiwan | Honk-Kong | ||
| Very low level (more than - 20%) |
Low level (-20% to -5%) |
High level (-5% to +20%) |
Very high level (+20% and more) |
|||
| 2024 expected level compared to 2019 |


The Factoring & Confirming market in Spain reached ~270 €bn in 2023 (~ 18.5% of GDP) with a turnover CAGR of ~10% between 19'-23'

(1) Source EuFederation
(2) Range of values estimated in the report of Allianz « Global Insolvency Outlook »

(1) Estimation of Alvarez & Marsal
(2) Range of values estimated in the report of Allianz « Global Insolvency Outlook »

Generalfinance S.p.A., announced in June 24' that has signed a contract for the acquisition of Workinvoice S.r.l., a leading operator and pioneer in the invoice trading market in Italy.
The Transaction provides for an initial consideration of EUR 6.6 million . Of this amount, EUR 2 million will be paid in cash and EUR 4.6 million will be settled in newly issued Generalfinance shares, valued at a unit price of EUR 10,96.
Expected closing by year and with the full integration of Workinvoice in Generalfinance.
Target organizational model


+18%
Chief Information Officer (CIO)
128


Turnover includes Future receivables ROE = Net Profit / (Equity - Net Profit) Cost income ratio 2022A: data adjusted (net of IPO costs)



Real GDP Growth: International Monetary Fund Inflation Rate: International Monetary Fund 3 Months Euribor: European Central Banks

Spread will stay substantially stable over the years.
Net Interest Income (NII) ~25% of the Net Banking Income in 2027.
Almost all funding available at variable rates (Euribor 1M, 3M and 6M).
All factoring contracts at variable rates (based on Euribor 3M).

(1) (Interest income + delayed payment Interest + other interest)/ average loans (current and previous year)
(2) Spread: average interest rate on seller – average cost of funding
(3) Calculated as (interest expense + interest of liquidity) / average financial liabilities (current and previous year)
(4) Calculated as Net Interest income/ average loans (current and previous year)






(2)
Cost income Ratio Workforce growth



infrastructure for efficiency and security

Platform evolution: developing digital projects for international expansion and business purposes
Data governance: enhancing data management and security
Organic growth : scaling up with new resources mainly in the IT development area
Cybersecurity: fostering cybersecurity system for built-in protection
Supporting
ESG strategies




Cost of funding Calculated as interest expense / average financial liabilities (current and previous year) Average Euribor 3 months: source Chatham Financial Funding Spread: Cost of funding – Average Euribor 3 months

| Income Statement (€mn) |
2024A | 2027E | Cagr '24-'27 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Margin Interest |
12 4 |
20 2 |
8% 17 |
| Commission Net |
36 4 |
59 1 |
6% 17 |
| Net Banking Income |
48 8 |
79 3 |
17.6% |
| Net value adjustments / write-backs for credit risk |
-1 2 |
-4 0 |
51 0% |
| Operating Costs |
-16 0 |
-27 1 |
19 2% |
| Profit Net |
21 .1 |
32 .5 |
15.5% |
| (€mn) | 2024A | 2027E | Cagr '24-'27 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turnover | 3 029 .5 , |
300 3 5 , |
20 .5% |
| - Italy | 3 029 5 , |
4 253 3 , |
12 0% |
| - Spain | - | 350 2 |
- |
| - Switzerland | - | 226 4 |
- |
| - Workinvoice | - | 470 4 |
- |
| Banking (%) Net Income / Average Loan |
1% 9 |
0% 8 |
(4 2%) |
| Interest Margin / Net Banking Income (%) |
25 4% |
25 5% |
0 2% |
| Cost Ratio Income |
32 9% |
34 2% |
1.4% |
| ROE (%) |
35 8% |
32 2% |
-3 4% |
| Balance Sheet (€mn) |
2024A | 2027E | Cagr '24-'27 |
| Cash Cash Equivalents & |
122 4 |
6 157 |
8 8% |
| Financial Assets |
614 9 |
1062 1 |
20 0% |
| Other Assets |
32 3 |
43 5 |
5% 10 |
| Total Assets |
769 6 |
1 263 2 , |
18 0% |
| Financial Liabilities |
635 2 |
1077 5 |
19 3% |
| Other Liabilities |
54 3 |
52 2 |
(1 3%) |
| Total Liabilities |
689 .5 |
129 1 .7 , |
17.9% |
| Equity Shareholder's |
80 .1 |
133 .5 |
6% 18 |

| Capital an RWA |
2024A | 2027E | Cagr '24-'27 |
|---|---|---|---|
| CET1 €mn |
67 8 |
107 9 |
16 7% |
| Total Capital €mn |
73 3 |
9 117 |
2% 17 |
| €mn RWA |
535 8 |
919 4 |
.7% 19 |
| (%) CET1 |
.7% 12 |
11.7% | (2 5%) |
| Total Capital (%) |
13 .7% |
12 8% |
(2 1%) |
| Credit Quality |
2024A | 2027E | Cagr '24-'27 |
| NPE Ratio (%) |
0 9% |
2 2% |
34 4% |
| Cost of Risk (bps) |
0 05% |
0 10% |
25 7% |



Dividend yield 2024 calculated as dividend / average share price of the last 30 days, as of 26th Feb 2025; dividend yield 2022 – 2023: as reported in the press release





Generalfinance's Turnover data refers to December 31, 2024 Assifact's Turnover data refers to December 31, 2024


Generalfinance's Turnover data refers to December 31, 2024 Assifact's Turnover data refers to December 31, 2024 1) Household debtors have not been included


SIMPLE AND TRANSPARENT P&L PAIRED WITH ALMOST NO VOLATILITY OF FAIR VALUE / CREDIT ADJUSTMENT
| ited | emarket sdir storage CERTIFIED |
|---|---|
| GENERAL NOR |
| PRO SOLVENDO TRANSACTION |
Formula | Accounting P&L |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Invoice's nominal value |
100 000 |
a | |
| Advance rate |
80 00% , |
b | |
| disbursed Gross amount |
80 000 |
c = a x b | |
| Maturity of disbursed (days) amount |
68 | e | |
| Contractual interest rate |
50% 5 , |
f | |
| Interest revenues |
843 8 , |
g = ( c x f x (e+2) ) / 365 |
Prepayment |
| DSO | 70 | h | |
| Monthly commission rate |
0 45% , |
i | |
| Commission revenues |
1050 00 , |
l = a x i x (h/30) |
Prepayment |
| Total revenues |
1893 8 , |
l m = g + |
Prepayment |
| disbursed Net amount |
78 106 2 , |
n = c - m | |
| Delay in payment (days) |
5 | o | |
| in interest Delay payment rate |
00% 6 |
p | |
| Delay in payment commission rate |
, 0 50% , |
q | |
| in interest Delay payment revenues |
65 8 , |
r = ( c x p x o) / 365 |
basis Cash |
| Delay in payment commission revenues |
83 3 , |
s = a x q x (o/30) | Cash basis |
| Delay in payment total revenues |
149 1 , |
t = r + s |
Cash basis |
| Non-advance amount |
20 000 |
u = a - c | |
| settlement Net |
19 850 9 , |
v = u - t |

The offsetting mechanism is a specific technicality of the Factoring Agreement, which is elaborated consistently with the Assifact standard
"The Factor will be entitled to retain sums and set off the debts (of every kind) due by the Factor to the Seller against the Receivables (of every kind) due from the Seller to the Factor, including the Receivables due from the Seller to third parties and assigned to/guaranteed by the Factor.
Should the Seller default on any of its payment obligations, the Factor will be able to treat its Receivables as liquid and payable, even if not already fallen due. Offsets by the Seller require the prior written consent of the Factor".
A PRACTICAL EXAMPLE:
Seller A
| ID Borrower | Nominal Value (A) | LTV (B) | Disbursement (C) = (A x B) |
Unpaid | Amount Collected (D) |
Amounts not advanced to be settled (D - C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | Yes | - | - |
| 2 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 3 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 4 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 5 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 6 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 7 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 8 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 9 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 10 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 1.000.000,00 | 800.000,00 | 900.000,00 | 180.000,00 | |||
| Debts of the Factor Unpaid debts |
180.000,00 | |||||
| compensated | 80.000,00 | |||||
| Netting to be liquidated | 100.000,00 | |||||
In FY 2021, Generalfinance paid an average advance equal to 80% of Turnover. With regard to the prosolvendo factoring, Generalfinance is entitled to set off amounts owed by the Sellers to it against amounts owed by Generalfinance to the Sellers based on specific clauses included in the factoring agreement.
The Company has a high Debtor/Seller ratio equal to 58, growing steadily over the last 3 financial years, against an average of the Italian factoring market calculated excluding private assigned Debtors - equal to 101 , which expands the possibilities of offsetting between receivables and debit items against the Sellers as part of pro-solvendo transactions.






Ugo Colombo Chief Financlal Officer Investor Relator
+39 0158484396 [email protected]
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