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Accentro Real Estate AG

Annual Report Mar 20, 2019

12_10-k_2019-03-20_6325198e-d114-4880-a283-7d894cbbf14a.pdf

Annual Report

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ANNUAL REPORT 2018

ACCENTRO Real Estate AG ANNUAL REPORT

1 January – 31 December 2018

Overview Key Financial Data

ACCENTRO Real Estate AG 2018 2017
Income statement TEUR TEUR
Consolidated revenues total Group 205,608 159,299
Consolidated revenues without Gehrensee
revenues (2017: consolidated revenues for
Continuing Operation)
163,033 147,341
Gross profi t / loss (interim result) 43,162 44,319
EBIT 32,864 36,401
EBT 23,975 27,633
Consolidated income 18,301 20,317
Interest coverage ratio (ICR) 3.89 4.08
ACCENTRO Real Estate AG 31 December 2018 31 December 2017
Balance sheet ratios TEUR TEUR
Non-current assets 81,109 22,179
Current assets 393,096 325,605
Shareholders' equity 199,104 153,697
Equity ratio 42.0% 44.2%
Total assets 474,205 347,785
Loan to value (LtV) 50.6% 39.4%
ACCENTRO Real Estate AG
Company shares
Stock market segment Prime Standard
ISIN DE000A0KFKB3
German Securities Code Number (WKN) A0KFKB
Number of shares on 31 December 2018 32,437,934
Free fl oat 12.1%
Share price high (1 January – 31 December 2018)* EUR 11.50
Share price low (1 January – 31 December 2018)* EUR 7.62
Closing price on 28 December 2018* EUR 9.48
Market capitalisation on 28 December 2018* EUR 307,511,614

* Closing prices in Xetra trading

This annual report includes the consolidated fi nancial statements of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG and the combined management report and Group management report for the 2018 fi nancial year.

This translation of the original German version has been prepared for the convenience of our English-speaking shareholders.

The German version is authoritative.

The above-mentioned versions of the annual report are available as download at www.accentro.ag or may be requested free of charge by writing to: ACCENTRO Real Estate AG, Uhlandstr. 165, 10719 Berlin, Germany.

Content

REPORTS

  • Letter to the Shareholders
  • Report of the Supervisory Board
  • Corporate Governance Report
  • ACCENTRO Real Estate AG Stock Performance

COMBINED MANAGEMENT REPORT ANAGEMENT

  • Preliminary Remarks
  • Basic Structure of the Group
  • Economic Report
  • Report on the Individual Financial Statements of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG
  • Forecast, Opportunity and Risk Report
  • Internal Control System and Risk Management in Regard to the Group Accounting Process
  • Disclosures Pursuant to Sections 289a, 315a, German Commercial Code (HGB)
  • Corporate Governance Statement Pursuant to Sections 289f, 315d, German Commercial Code (HGB)
  • Remuneration Report
  • Closing Statement of the Management Board on the Dependency Report

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ONSOLIDATED

  • Consolidated Balance Sheet
  • Consolidated Income Statement
  • Consolidated Cash Flow Statement
  • Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
  • Notes
  • Responsibility Statement
  • Group Auditor's Report

FURTHER INFORMATION URTHER

  • Directors and Offi cers
  • Forward-looking Statements
  • Financial Calendar
  • Credits

Reports

  • Letter to the Shareholders
  • Report of the Supervisory Board
  • Corporate Governance Report
  • ACCENTRO Real Estate AG Stock Performance

Letter to the Shareholders

Dear Shareholders, Dear Ladies and Gentlemen,

Jacopo Mingazzini

During the year under review, we successfully continued our capital market activities and pushed forward with our expansion across Germany.

Having issued a bond over the amount of EUR 100 million in January 2018, we completed a capital increase of EUR 20 million in October. The funds were used to keep enlarging our portfolio in Leipzig, among other purposes. Apart from setting up a branch offi ce in Leipzig, we acquired a total of 504 residential units in the course of six transactions, some of which we already resold, generating tidy contributions to operation income. We set up another branch offi ce in the Ruhr, where we hold a 75% stake in a joint venture with Ruhrwert Immobilien und Beteiligungs GmbH. It acquired its fi rst asset in the region in Ratingen near Düsseldorf, while other properties in Cologne are owned outright by us.

Equally signifi cant were two major joint ventures, one in Hamburg and one in Berlin, in which we hold a minority stake each and whose properties sales we will handle. Due to our accounting and covenant structure, we would have had a hard time closing these property transactions under our own steam. The approach chosen instead secured the marketing volumes for us while limiting our equity capital commitment. It is an approach that we intend to keep using with selected partners whenever we become aware of lucrative portfolios that would be too large for us on our own (for the time being).

This strategy—combined with our stepped-up commitment in the fi eld of new-build property development—will substantially increase our service sector. As it is, the net income in this business unit more than doubled during the year under review, jumping from less than one million to EUR 2.2 million. What matters to us in the new-build construction segment is to steer clear of classic property development risks and to limit our exposure essentially to marketing risks. We are fi rmly convinced that new-build construction will play a key role in Germany's metro regions over the next ten years. In fact, we intend to capitalise on it.

Once again, we managed to increase our portfolio of inventory assets, which grew from EUR 304 million to EUR 345 million – and this despite a record sales volume of EUR 206 million. The increase lays the foundation for a continued sound performance going forward. Meanwhile, our net income fell slightly short of the forecast for 2018 as we ended the year with an EBIT of EUR 32.9 million rather than the targeted minimum of EUR 36 million. We are less than happy about that. Venturing forecasts, however, is never easy in our line of business which depends to 90% on sales and not on stable rental income. This being said only to put things in perspective.

Another highlight of the past year was the acquisition of an offi ce building for owner-occupancy – after a two-year search. The vacancy rate for commercial real estate in Berlin is now down to 2%. Demand outpaces supply by far. Rents and prices are skyrocketing. We are glad to be in a position to benefi t from the trend rather than being hurt by it. Sometime around year-end 2019, we will move into our new premises. We are very much looking forward to it.

The Management Board

Jacopo Mingazzini CEO

Report of the Supervisory Board

Dear Shareholders, Dear Ladies and Gentlemen,

Throughout the 2018 fi nancial year, the Supervisory Board of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG conscientiously fulfi lled the tasks assigned to it by law and by the Company's articles of association. Both regular meetings and one-off meetings were convened. The Supervisory Board assisted the Management Board in an advisory capacity, and monitored its activities. The Supervisory Board was always included comprehensively and promptly in important decisionmaking processes by the Management Board, was briefed on the business performance, the plans for expanding the business and all relevant issues concerning the Company, and made the necessary decisions. In fact, the Supervisory Board was directly involved in every decision of material signifi cance for the Company.

Changes in the Supervisory Board and the Management Board

The composition of the Supervisory Board remained unchanged during the 2018 fi nancial year.

Nor were there any senior staff changes on the Management Board of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG during the 2018 fi nancial year. Jacopo Mingazzini has been the sole member of the Company's Management Board since 1 September 2014.

Meetings

The Management Board reports to the Supervisory Board in joint sessions that are regularly convened.

During the reporting period, the Supervisory Board convened four meetings, specifi cally on 8 March, 15 May, 20 September and 4 December 2018. A continuous exchange of views between the Supervisory Board and the Management Board was maintained beyond the regularly scheduled meetings of the Supervisory Board. All decisions and actions requiring approval were discussed in depth, while resolutions were made on the basis of consultations and the resulting resolution proposals by the Management Board. The Supervisory Board therefore fulfi lled its tasks and duties in accordance with the law and the Articles of Association. All members of the Supervisory Board attended at least half of the board meetings. Confl icts of interests were neither identifi ed nor did any materialise for members of the Management Board and of the Supervisory Board during the fi nancial year concluded.

In addition, the Management Board briefed the Supervisory Board in the form of written quarterly reports on the Company's state of aff airs and course of business, its earnings, operational plans and other fundamental planning issues.

Under the articles of association, the Supervisory Board consists of three members. With this in mind, the Supervisory Board refrained from forming any committees. All members of the Supervisory Board were involved in all of the functions performed by the Board.

Corporate Governance

The Supervisory Board and the Management Board share the view that the German Corporate Governance Code (DCGK) contains standards for good and responsible governance that are recognised both nationally and internationally and are conducive to the proper management and monitoring of German listed companies.

Pursuant to Sec. 161, German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), the management board and supervisory board of a public company are required to issue an annual statement ("Declaration of Conformity") concerning the extent to which the company has been, and continues to be, in compliance with the recommendations issued by the Government Commission on the German Corporate Governance Code. The declaration refers to the Code of 7 February 2017 as amended, and as published in the electronic Federal Gazette ("Bundesanzeiger") on 24 April 2017. The full-length version of the declaration is available on the Company's homepage at www.accentro.ag and is moreover reprinted in this annual report.

Moreover, the Declaration of Conformity is published, together with the annual fi nancial statements and the management report as well as other required disclosures, in the Federal Gazette and has been fi led with the company register.

Individual and Consolidated Financial Statements

The General Meeting elected the auditing fi rm Ebner Stolz GmbH & Co. KG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft Steuerberatungsgesellschaft, Hamburg, as auditor for the fi nancial year beginning 1 January and ending 31 December 2018.

The auditor reviewed the company's annual fi nancial statements submitted by the Management Board and the consolidated fi nancial statements including the management report and the Group management report for the 2018 fi nancial year, and issued an unqualifi ed audit certifi cate for these.

The Management Board submitted the fi nancial statements and the management report, the consolidated fi nancial statements and the Group management report, the independent auditors' report regarding the audits of the fi nancial statements and the consolidated fi nancial statements along with the Management Board's proposal for the appropriation of net retained profi ts to the Supervisory Board in due time for its review. At its balance sheet meeting on 14 March 2019, the Supervisory Board deliberated and discussed the documents underlying the fi nancial statements and reports with the Management Board at length, focusing on issues relating to the valuation of current and non-current assets.

The auditor briefed the meeting on the essential fi ndings of the audits, and was on hand to answer additional questions raised by the Supervisory Board. Based on its independent review of the separate fi nancial statements, the consolidated fi nancial statements and the management reports for the Company and the Group, the Supervisory Board approves the auditor's audit fi ndings, and declares that, based on the conclusive fi ndings of its examinations, it has no objections to raise. By resolution dated 14 March 2019, the Supervisory Board approved the annual fi nancial statements, which are thereby adopted pursuant to Sec. 172, AktG, and the consolidated fi nancial statements.

Dependency Report 2018

The Supervisory Board examined and approved the dependent company report compiled by the Management Board pursuant to Sec. 312, AktG. Having concluded its examination, the Supervisory Board raised no objections to the statement by the Management Board at the end of its report pursuant to Sec. 312, AktG.

The auditor, which is the auditing fi rm Ebner Stolz GmbH & Co. KG in Hamburg, raised no objections in its audit of this report, and the result of the audit is consistent with the fi ndings of the Supervisory Board. The auditor issued an unqualifi ed audit certifi cate in this respect:

"On completion of our review and assessment in accordance with professional standards, we confi rm that

  1. the actual disclosures contained in the report are accurate, and

  2. the consideration paid by the Company for the legal transactions detailed in the report was not unreasonably high."

Members of the Supervisory Board

Pursuant to Sec. 96, AktG, the Supervisory Board is composed of shareholder representatives.

The Supervisory Board would like to thank the entire staff of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG for their faithful services, their deep commitment, and their high sense of loyalty.

Berlin, 14 March 2019

Axel Harloff Chairman of the Supervisory Board

Corporate Governance Report

Declaration of Conformity 2019

Pursuant to Section 161, German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), the management board and supervisory board of a public company are required to issue an annual statement ("Declaration of Conformity") concerning the extent to which the company has been, and continues to be, in compliance with the recommendations issued by the Government Commission on the German Corporate Governance Code. The subsequent Declaration refers to the Code of 7 February 2017 as amended, and as published in the Federal Gazette ("Bundesanzeiger") on 24 April 2017. For the full-length version of the Declaration, please go to the Company's homepage at www.accentro.ag.

The Management Board and the Supervisory Board of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG herewith declare the following:

"Since the last declaration of conformity was issued in March 2018, ACCENTRO Real Estate AG has complied with the recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code as amended, with exceptions detailed below, and intends to continue to comply with the Code recommendations in the coming year, with the following exceptions:

Code Section 2.3.3 (Broadcast over the Internet)

The Company did not transmit the 2018 Annual General Meeting, nor does it intend to transmit the 2019 Annual General Meeting through modern communication media.

Code Section 3.8 (D&O Insurance)

The D&O insurance taken out as a group contract does not currently provide any deductible for members of the Supervisory Board. The Company believes that a deductible of this type is not required to motivate the members of the Supervisory Board to properly perform their monitoring duties.

Code Section 4.1.3 (Compliance-Management- and Whistleblower-System)

The Management Board has opted not to set up a compliance-management-system and whistleblower-system at this time. Considering the manageable scope of the company structures and business processes as well as fl at its hierarchies, the need for a compliance management and whistleblower system has been relatively low so far. The close involvement of the Management Board in the main business transactions and projects as well as in the corporate workfl ows helps to ensure that emerging risks are monitored on an ongoing basis. The Company maintains a regular exchange between employees and the Management Board, and cultivates an internal trust-based corporate culture.

Code Section 4.1.5 (Diversity)

The Management Board of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG is committed to the promotion of female employees and the increased recruitment of female executives. However, the Management Board believes that the diversity aspect, which includes equal opportunity for women, should not be the decisive criterion for executive appointments. Rather, leadership and management skills as well as professional competence in the respective business divisions and spheres of ownership along with demonstrable professional experience should be prioritised in the best interest of the Company.

Code Section 4.2.1 (Composition of the Management Board)

In deviation of code section 4.2.1, the Management Board of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG currently consists of one person only. Both the Supervisory Board and the Management Board believe that the size of the Company justifi es the arrangement. Nonetheless, the Management Board and the Supervisory Board periodically check whether the development of the Company warrants an expansion of the Management Board.

Code Section 4.2.3 (Compensation)

The total compensation of the Management Board currently consists of fi xed and variable components but no remuneration components marked by long-term incentives and risk elements. Moreover, the recommendation that negative developments should be taken into account when determining the variable components of total compensation was and is not complied with. According to the Supervisory Board, neither of these aspects is necessary to ensure the loyalty of the Management Board and its commitment to the Company. Neither a cap on the amount of compensation nor a severance pay cap for former members of the Management Board have currently been agreed, as the Supervisory Board does not deem these necessary.

Code Section 5.1.2 (Composition of the Management Board, Age Limit, and Succession Planning)

Due to the age structure of the Management Board, no age limit or long-term succession planning is currently in place.

The Supervisory Board and Management Board expressly welcome all endeavours to counteract gender-based or any other form of discrimination, and to promote diversity in appropriate ways. When appointing members to the Management Board, the Supervisory Board places emphasis solely on the competence, qualifi cations and experience of eligible candidates, while other characteristics such as gender and nationality have been, and continue to be, without relevance for this kind of decision.

Code Sections 5.3.1, 5.3.2 and 5.3.3 (Committees)

The Supervisory Board has refrained from forming committees so far. Specifi cally, it has not formed, nor will it form, an audit committee or a nomination committee as it considers three Supervisory Board members a suffi cient number to function eff ectively in joint representation. Given the size of the Supervisory Board, it would moreover seem unreasonable to form committees, which must include at least two people or, for a quorum, at least three people.

Code Section 5.4.1 (Composition of the Supervisory Board)

The Company does not yet comply with the code's recommendation to formulate specifi c targets for the composition of the Supervisory Board as well as a competence profi le for the full Board and to publish these in the Corporate Governance Report, which targets specifi cally include the adequate representation of women. The legal provisions governing compliance with the mandated minimum representation of women will be complied with in the next elections of the Supervisory Board. The Supervisory Board believes that neither an age limit nor a maximum length of tenure is required to ensure the eff ectiveness and success of the Super visory Board's eff orts. The Supervisory Board will seek to determine to what extent these recommendations may be complied with in the future.

Code Section 5.4.2 (Composition of the Supervisory Board)

Dr. Dirk Hoff mann, currently member of the Supervisory Board, is chairman of the super visory board of Adler Real Estate AG, Berlin, as well as chairman of the supervisory board Westgrund Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin, and of Squadra Immobilien GmbH & Co. KGaA, Frankfurt am Main. Axel Harloff is chairman of the supervisory board of Consus Real Estate AG, Berlin, and member of the management board of ERWE Immobilien AG, Frankfurt am Main. Natig Ganiyev is not a supervisory board member of any stock corporation.

The Supervisory Board should have no members who serve in supervisory bodies of key competitors. This could have been the case with Dr. Dirk Hoff mann and Axel Harloff . However, there have been no signs of material confl icts of interest.

Code Section 7.1.2 (Discussion of Interim Reports by the Supervisory Board and Publication of Interim Reports)

At present, the Company's quarterly reports are not discussed with the Supervisory Board prior to publication. Once a quarter, the Management Board briefs the Supervisory Board in writing about the Company's state of aff airs and the course of its business.

ACCENTRO Real Estate AG principally publishes its interim reports 45 days after the end of the reporting period. In exceptional circumstances there may be a slight delay due to special organisational processes. The legal requirements set out in Sec. 115, German Securities Trading Act (WpHG), are complied with in any case."

Berlin, 1 March 2019

Management Board and Supervisory Board ACCENTRO Real Estate AG

ACCENTRO Real Estate AG Stock Performance

The year 2018 was marked by uncertainties regarding the growing geopolitical and economic tensions among the global powers. The trade row between the United States and China as well as with Europe, the inconclusive discussions about the looming Brexit and the uncertainty of Italy's economic development made investors more cautious.

The prospect of rising lending rates remained a cause for concern throughout the 2018 fi nancial year. In December 2018, the European Central Bank under Mario Draghi ended its bond purchases, but left the key lending rate unchanged at 0%.

The subdued sentiment on the fi nancial markets was refl ected in the performance of the German DAX stock index. Yet while the DAX lost 18% of its value as the year progressed, the ACCENTRO stock more or less bucked the trend and reported a growth of 16.2% by the end of the 2018 fi nancial year.

ACCENTRO Share Price Performance from 1 January to 31 December 2018

The ACCENTRO share price was EUR 8.16 on the fi rst trading day of 2018 (Xetra), increased by 16.2% over the course of the year and closed at EUR 9.48 on 28 December 2018, the last trading day of the 2018 fi nancial year.

The average daily trading volume (Xetra) of the ACCENTRO stock was 4,036 units during the 2018 fi nancial year. Overall, 1.02 million shares of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG were traded in the Xetra trading system between 2 January and 28 December 2018. The relatively low trading volume is mainly explained by the Company's rather small free fl oat of 12.1%.

In November 2018, ACCENTRO Real Estate AG announced that it would acquire up to 10,200 units of its own stock at a maximum total consideration of EUR 112,200 as part of a stockbased employee compensation plan. Between 26 November 2018 and 14 December 2018, a total of 6,887 units were bought back. The remaining 3,313 units were acquired after the end of the 2018 fi nancial year in January 2019. The units are issued to the Company's employees as free employee shares.

The market capitalisation of ACCENTRO AG rose by EUR 97.9 million during the 2018 fi nancial year, climbing from EUR 209.6 million to EUR 307.5 million. Apart from the 16.2% growth in share price, the increase is mainly due to the conversion of the bulk of the 2014/2019 convertible bond issued in March 2014 and to the cash capital increase by EUR 2.12 million undertaken in October 2018. The same factors explain the surge in the number of shares in circulation by 7,513,031 units.

Considering this 30.1% percent increase in the number of units since the beginning of the year, the 16.2% share price hike during the 2018 fi nancial year is a reassuring sign.

ACCENTRO share price development in the fi nancial year 2018

Shareholder Structure

By the end of the 2018 fi nancial year, the subscribed capital of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG totalled EUR 32.44 million. It represents 32,437,934 no-par value bearer shares.

This is up from 24,924,903 shares and a share capital of EUR 24,924,903 at the start of the fi nancial year on 1 January 2018.

As of 31 December 2018, a total of 83.1% of the ACCENTRO AG stock was held by Brookline Real Estate S.à r.l., while ADLER Real Estate AG owned 4.8% and the free fl oat accounted for 12.1%.

The chart below provides an overview of the shareholding structure:

Shareholder structure on 31 December 2018 (fi gures based on shareholder disclosures)

ACCENTRO Shares at a Glance

ACCENTRO Real Estate AG

Prime Standard
DE000A0KFKB3
A0KFKB
32,437,934
12.1%
EUR 11.50
EUR 7.62
EUR 9.48
EUR 307,511,614

* Closing prices in Xetra trading

Investor Relations Activities

Special priority was given to regular disclosures and the dialogue with the capital market during the 2018 fi nancial year. In that same 2018 fi nancial year now concluded, ACCENTRO Real Estate AG attended the following fi nancial analyst events:

  • 7 June 2018: Quirin Champions Conference 2018, Frankfurt am Main
  • 6 September 2018: SRC Forum Financials & Real Estate, Frankfurt am Main
  • 27 September 2018: 7th Baader Investment Conference, Munich
  • 26–28 November 2018: German Equity Forum, Frankfurt am Main
  • 11/12 December 2018: Munich Capital Markets Conference, Munich

The corporate development of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG is continuously monitored by analysts. The latest analyst assessments returned the following ratings for the ACCENTRO stock:

  • 9 November 2018: Quirin Privatbank, stock rating: "Buy", upside target EUR 13.40
  • 8 November 2018: SMC Research, stock rating: "Buy", upside target EUR 12.70
  • 7 November 2018: ODDO BHF, stock rating: "Hold", upside target EUR 10.70
  • 6 November 2018: Baader Helvea Equity Research, stock rating: "Buy", upside target EUR 13.10
  • 6 November 2018: SRC Research, stock rating: "Buy", upside target EUR 13.00

Annual Report 2018 · ACCENTRO Real Estate AG 19

Combined Management Report and Group Management Report

  • 24 Preliminary Remarks
  • 25 Basic Structure of the Group
  • 26 Economic Report
  • 36 Report on the Individual Financial Statements of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG
  • 40 Forecast, Opportunity and Risk Report
  • 49 Internal Control System and Risk Management5 in Regard to the Group Accounting Process
  • 50 Disclosures Pursuant to Sections 289a, 315a, German Commercial Code (HGB)
  • 56 Corporate Governance Statement Pursuant to Sections 289f, 315d, German Commercial Code (HGB)
  • 56 Remuneration Report
  • 57 Closing Statement of the Management Board on the Dependency Report

Preliminary Remarks

The consolidated fi nancial statements of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG (hereinafter "ACCENTRO AG") on which this report is based have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) the way they are to be applied in the European Union.

All monetary fi gures in this report are stated in Euro (EUR). Both individual and total fi gures represent values with the smallest rounding diff erence. Accordingly, adding the values of the individual line items may result in minor diff erences to the reported totals.

1 Basic Structure of the Group

1.1 Group Business Model, Objectives and Strategies

ACCENTRO AG is a listed property company focusing on residential real estate located in Germany. The business activities of ACCENTRO AG and its subsidiaries (hereinafter "ACCENTRO AG" or "ACCENTRO Group") are limited, geographically speaking, to real estate in Germany, particularly in economically attractive locations.

The business activities of the ACCENTRO Group include the operation and trading of residential properties and individual apartments, especially the retailing of apartments to owneroccupiers and buy-to-let investors within the framework of retail privatisations of housing portfolios. The focus here is on tenant-sensitive housing privatisations. At the same time, the ACCENTRO Group transacts block sales of residential units to institutional investors (portfolio sales) in order to exploit opportunities. The privatisation services provided by the ACCENTRO Group involve both the retailing of apartments from the proprietary property stock of the ACCENTRO Group and the delivery of privatisation services on behalf of third parties.

1.2 Group Structure and Control System

ACCENTRO AG is the parent company of the ACCENTRO Group. ACCENTRO AG acts as an operationally active holding company for a number of member companies in which the housing stock is concentrated, and for one service company focused on the business of housing privatisation. For companies in which it holds a controlling interest, ACCENTRO AG assumes the top-down responsibilities of corporate controlling, funding, and administration within the ACCENTRO Group. ACCENTRO AG's sphere of ownership includes core divisions such as Legal, Accounting, Controlling, Risk Management, Funding, Purchasing, Asset Management and IT.

The ACCENTRO Group consists of several property holding companies directly managed by ACCENTRO AG in which the real estate assets of the ACCENTRO Group are held. All of the companies are consolidated in the consolidated fi nancial statements of ACCENTRO AG, so that there are no non-consolidated subsidiaries. For a list of the individual subsidiaries and associates of ACCENTRO AG, please see the notes to the consolidated fi nancial statements.

ACCENTRO AG holds several strategic investments in property development companies which are not controlled by ACCENTRO AG and which are therefore not included as subsidiaries in its consolidated fi nancial statements. The pro-rata net income of these companies is reported as at-equity income in the income statement. Wherever the equity interest amounts to less than 20%, its contribution to operating income is reported as investment income.

The ACCENTRO AG Group's reporting to the Management Board makes no distinction by segments because the Group activities are limited exclusively to the buying and selling of residential real estate in Germany. Just like last year, this annual report therefore includes no segment reporting.

ACCENTRO AG uses the consolidated earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) as fi nancial performance indicator for corporate management purposes. Here, the key control variable is the sales performance of the properties, defi nitive factors including the number of condominium reservations placed by potential buyers, among others, and the actual selling prices realised. The latter is aggregated both as number of fl ats involved and as sales total. The other factors that the control system takes into account includes the operating income of each subportfolio or of each property. In addition, control variables such as the number of new clients, viewings, and reservations serve as early indicators of the Company's performance. For the purposes of management reporting, EBIT and sales are taken as basis, since the other control variables are used for the individual management of each property and cannot be aggregated at company level.

Factors aggregated on the level of the parent Group include prompt and regular updates on the liquidity position. The liquidity planning for the next 12 months is conducted on a rolling basis. This centrally controlled responsibility helps to monitor the fi nancial stability of the corporate Group. An integral part of this control is the continuous measurement of the liquidity fl ows on the level of each company.

Moreover, ACCENTRO AG has agreed to observe fi nancial covenants, which are elaborated in the notes to the consolidated fi nancial statements, in conjunction with its successful issuance of a corporate bond over EUR 100 million. For this reason, the ratios "loan to value" (LtV), "interest coverage" and the "debt-to-equity" for unsecured fi nancing arrangements are included as control variables.*

2 Economic Report

2.1 Macro-economic Development

The German economy grew by another 1.5% in 2018 year on year, according to a press release the Federal Statistical Offi ce published on 15 January 2019. The growth of the gross domestic product (GDP), adjusted for infl ation, which has been sustained for the past nine years, was said to have slowed down while still exceeding the ten-year average of +1.2%. The Federal Statistical Offi ce went on to say that positive growth impulses in 2018 originated primarily inside Germany again. Private consumer spending (+1.0%) and government spending (+1.1%), although they did increase year on year, grew at a signifi cantly slower rate than they had over the past three years.

The development of the German real estate market during the 2018 fi nancial year benefi ted from the European Central Bank's accommodative monetary policy. Economic experts do not expect to see that bank's initial interest rate hike before the end of 2019, at the earliest, and the real estate sector will continue to benefi t from the persistently favourable fi nancing conditions.

2.2 Developments of the German Housing Market

According to a survey on the real estate price trend in Germany that bulwiengesa AG published in January 2019, the housing market remains the driving force in the bulwiengesa Real Estate Index. The residential sub-index, which covers the most important market for ACCENTRO AG, continued to rise sharply in 2018, albeit at a slower rate than the previous year (6.8%, down from + 8.3%). Prices of condominiums, terraced houses and land outpaced the rent growth everywhere in Germany, yet according to bulwiengesa the market evidence suggests in no way that the market is overheating nationwide. The real estate sector benefi ted from the stable labour market, the positive demographics in the cities and the accommodative monetary policy of the European Central Bank, which ensured favourable terms of fi nancing.

Driven by an intensifying housing shortage, the low supply elasticity drove up real estate prices in the metropolises. According to the Federal Statistical Offi ce, the construction of 274,600

* Defi nition pursuant to the bond terms of the 2018/2021 bond (ISIN DE000A2G87E2)

new fl ats was approved during the fi rst eleven months of 2018, a year-on-year increase by 1.3% only or 3,600 fl ats in absolute terms. To cover the growing demand for residential accommodation, it is estimated that 400,000 new fl ats would have to be completed annually. The incumbent Federal Government had actually written the completion of around 1.5 million new fl ats until the year 2021 into its coalition agreement, which would break down into roughly 375,000 fl ats completed per year.

From our point of view, the discrepancy between required and actually completed fl ats is explained not least by the strained capacities of building authorities because it often takes months or indeed up to a year to obtain a planning permit. Staff shortages and tightening legal requirements are also factors prolonging the permit procedure by the competent authorities. Moreover, the lack of building land, high construction costs and a short supply in skilled labour in the construction industry are delaying the construction of urgently needed housing.

Still, German residential real estate remains as popular as ever among domestic and foreign investors despite the steady price growth. The sustained demand is attributable, on the one hand, to terms of fi nancing made attractive by the low level of interest rates and, on the other hand, to the lack of alternative investment opportunities of comparable appeal. According to a survey compiled by BNP Paribas Real Estate, nearly EUR 12.3 billion euros had been invested in largesized German residential portfolios by the end of the third quarter of 2018, which implies an increase by more than a third over prior-year period.

In Berlin, the key market for ACCENTRO AG, prices for existing attached houses climbed by 14% year on year, according to Deutsche Bank Research (DB Research). Despite this brisk rise, the price level remains low relative to other cities in Germany. For instance, the price tag of a terraced house in the metropolises of any of the West German federal states is still around 50% higher than in Berlin at the moment. That being said, prices for existing fl ats have gone up by more than 15% and prices for new-build fl ats by over 10%. According to Numbeo, Berlin (with square-metre prices outside the inner city at EUR 3,600) ranks twentieth on the list of most expensive cities in Europe. According to DB Research, the high price dynamics in Berlin are also driven by the blatant housing shortage, which in turn is explained by demographic growth, the lack of building land and a shortage of manpower in the building trade.

All of these factors are good reasons for ACCENTRO AG with its large stock of fl ats in Berlin to face the future with confi dence.

Rather than limiting our product spectrum to Berlin, we will continue to pursue the trajectory of recent years by expanding into other German metropolises and swarm cities.

2.3 Business Performance

Key Events During the 2018 Financial Year

The clearly positive business performance of the ACCENTRO Group in the 2018 fi nancial year evolved in a generally rather favourable market environment that was marked by keen demand for residential property, and not just in Germany's metro regions. A robust boom cycle informs both the situation on the letting end of the market and the demand for condominiums generated by owner-occupiers or buy-to-let investors.

In January 2018, ACCENTRO AG took advantage of the up-beat economic sentiment to obtain a bond in a nominal value of EUR 100 million on the capital market. The bond has a coupon rate of 3.75%. As early as the fi rst quarter of 2018, the 2014/2019 convertible bond was almost fully converted so that the remaining units were cancelled. This means that the most expensive fi nancing arrangement of the ACCENTRO Group was redeemed. In October 2018, ACCENTRO AG moreover succeeded in placing a cash capital increase of 2,120,000 shares, delivering a net cash infl ow of EUR 20 million.

In the prior year's forecast report, we made an EBIT prediction in the range of EUR 36 to 40 million, matched by a signifi cant increase in revenues. As far as the revenues go, we topped the forecast. However, the performance during the 2018 fi nancial year narrowly missed the EBIT target at EUR 32.9 million. It fell 8.6% short of the lower forecast limit of EUR 36 million. This is explained by delays that slowed certain privatisation projects. But at EUR 18.3 million, the ACCENTRO Group's annual net income maintained a high level.

By acquiring 866 units in the course of the 2018 fi nancial year, the Company laid the ground for continued stable revenues in its privatisation business.

2.4 Earnings, Financial Position and Assets

Earnings Position

The ACCENTRO Group's key revenue and earnings fi gures developed as follows during the 2018 fi nancial year:

2018
fi nancial year
2017
fi nancial year
EUR million EUR million
Revenues 205.6 147.3
EBIT 32.9 36.4
Consolidated income (in 2017, Continuing Operation) 18.3 20.3

As predicted, Group sales increased signifi cantly during the 2018 fi nancial year. The growth in sales amounted to EUR 58.3 million, which implies a year-on-year increase by 39.6%. But as planned, this brisk top line sales growth is not refl ected in the net income from sales and thus not in EBIT either. The underlying reason for this is the transfer of the Accentro Gehren see GmbH into a joint venture project for the further development of the premises and the creation of urgently needed residential accommodation. The real estate assets tied up in Accentro Gehrensee GmbH subgroup were contributed nearly at book value, which is why the revenue of c. EUR 42.3 million generated by the transaction had no material impact on net income. The plots sold (around 41,500 m² in Berlin-Lichtenberg) are earmarked for the development of residential buildings, and the zoning process for this purpose is currently under way. The sale and purchase agreement provides that ACCENTRO AG stays invested in the Accentro Gehrensee project with a 25% stake and a mezzanine loan, which means the Company will participate directly in future project planning achievements. Since the optimal exploitation of the building land necessitates a new local development plan, the project is not expected to be brought to a successful conclusion any time soon. When taking this one-off eff ect out of the equation, the sales total increased by around 10.8%, from EUR 147.3 million to EUR 163.3 million.

At EUR 32.9 million, the EBIT fell short of the forecast bracket of EUR 36 to 40 million quoted in the 2017 annual report. In the apartment retailing segment, the sales launch for real estate projects in Berlin were moved up into the 2019 fi nancial year. This was due to delays in obtaining planning permits and the fact that the construction industry is operating at capacity with negative ramifi cations for the planning of construction work and for refurbishment projects. The volume of the retailed apartments has remained stable year on year with 487 fl ats sold (2017: 488 fl ats; 2016: 288 fl ats). At the same time, sales increased to EUR 73.0 million (previous year: EUR 64.5 million). The share of large-scale real estate transactions, by contrast, dropped from 62% of the sales to 40% when ignoring the Gehrensee project's contribution to sales.

The net rental income experienced another modest increase of EUR 0.7 million as a result of the continuous portfolio expansion. The net service income, by contrast, shows a signifi cant increase by 141% over prior-year result to EUR 2.3 million. It was driven by the intensifi ed activities with collaborative ventures in new apartment sales and by a commission in return for brokering a large property portfolio held by an associate company in Berlin.

The other operating income of EUR 1.7 million imply a signifi cant drop by EUR 3.3 million year on year. The main factor here was the release of provisions amounting to EUR 0.7 million due to the elimination of litigation risks and warranty risks.

The other operating expenses in the amount of EUR 5.1 million (previous year: EUR 4.5 million) include, as they did the previous year, expenses for general advisory services, particularly in the areas of taxes, legal, and general strategic issues, among other expenses. Also recognised in this item are rental expenses for the Company's business premises, acquisition costs, as well as information, advertising and entertaining expenses. The year-on-year increase is due to one-off eff ects in the amount of EUR 0.5 million that were caused by the early termination of contractual relationships with service providers.

Total payroll and benefi t costs for the reporting period experienced another signifi cant yearon-year increase by EUR 1.3 million to EUR 4.6 million (previous year: EUR 3.3 million). As previously announced in the forecast report section of the 2017 annual report, this was caused by the continued expansion of the workforce, so that 12 more staff were on the payroll by 31 December 2018 than had been by year-end 2017, although not all of the jobs created represent full-time positions. Another reason for the rise in personnel expenses is the adjustment of salaries to the general situation on the labour market, which is characterised by short supply.

The net interest result of the 2018 fi nancial year was EUR –8.9 million, after EUR –8.8 million the previous year. Despite an increase in fi nancial liabilities and bonds by EUR 89.9 million, net interest income remained steady. This is due to the increase in interest income and the repayment of expensive fi nancing arrangements in the course of 2018. The reference period includes one-off eff ects in the amount of EUR 1.2 million from the premature repayment of loans and of the 2014/2018 bond. The interest coverage ratio* deteriorated from 4.08 to 3.89 year on year.

The earnings before taxes equalled EUR 24.0 million, thus undercutting the level of the previous fi nancial year (EUR 27.6 million) by 13.2%. Income tax expenses amounted to EUR 5.7 million during the reporting period and were therefore signifi cantly below the prior-year level (EUR 7.3 million). The tax ratio for the 2018 fi nancial year equals 23.7% (previous year: 26.5%). The main reason why the actual tax rate remains below the Group tax rate is the strateg to sell real estate by way of share deals, which benefi t from a lower tax regime.

For more details on the composition and amount of expenses and income, please see the notes to the consolidated fi nancial statements, section 5.15.

* EBITDA/net interest expense

Financial Position

2018
fi nancial year
2017
fi nancial year
EUR million EUR million
Cash fl ow from operating activities
Continuing Operation –48.4 –26.3
Discontinued Operation 1.1
Cash fl ow from investing activities
Continuing Operation –51.2 0.1
Discontinued Operation 22.5
Cash fl ow from fi nancing activities
Continuing Operation 111.4 –4.2
Discontinued Operation 0.0
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 11.8 –6.7
Increase in cash and cash equivalents from the addition
of fully consolidated companies
2.7 0.0
Change in restricted cash and cash equivalents/
adjustment of cash and cash equivalents
1.1 –1.3
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents from the disposal of fully
consolidated companies (2017: Discontinued Operation)
–6.7 –0.6
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period 6.5 15.1
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period 15.5 6.5

Key Figures from the Cash Flow Statement

During the 2018 fi nancial year, the cash fl ow from operating activities equalled EUR –48.4 million (previous year: EUR –25.2 million). It breaks down into cash fl ow from operations in the amount of EUR –0.7 million (previous year: EUR 46.6 million) and a net cash outfl ow toward the further expansion of the inventory assets in the amount of EUR –47.7 million (previous year: EUR –71.8 million). The negative operating cash fl ow is attributable to one real estate transaction for which the purchase price of EUR 11.2 million was not yet due by the balance sheet date. Liabilities decreased by EUR 9.6 million and tax payments of EUR 8.3 million impacted the operating cash fl ow. In addition, the prior-year result was signifi cantly infl uenced by non-cash expenses.

A positive impact on the cash fl ow from operating activities is generated by rent payments and the amounts deposited in return for inventory properties sold. The operating cash fl ow is burdened by the sum total of operating expenditures, including the income tax payments and payments toward the expansion of the inventory real estate assets. For more details on the amount and composition of the Group's cash fl ows, please see the consolidated cash fl ow statement and the notes to the consolidated fi nancial statements, section 5.18.

The cash fl ow from investing activities during the 2018 fi nancial year was negative at EUR 51.2 million (previous year: EUR 22.6 million). EUR 23.6 million were spent on an offi ce property in Berlin that will become the future ACCENTRO Group headquarters. EUR 9.7 million were used for the acquisition of non-consolidated corporate investments while EUR 7.9 million were granted in loans to associates and another EUR 10 million in granted loans are directly connected to a certain marketing agreement. The idea behind the latter is to develop additional sales channels.

The positive cash fl ow from fi nancing activities in the amount of EUR 111.4 million (2017 fi nancial year: EUR –4.2 million) essentially refl ects the issuance of a corporate bond that resulted in a cash infl ow of EUR 100.0 million (gross, before the deduction of transaction costs). A cash capital increase generated the infl ow of another EUR 20.0 million in fresh cash (before the deduction of transaction costs) while bank loans account for EUR 65.3 million in debt capital. EUR 62.4 million were used for payments of interest and principal while EUR 5.2 million fl owed back to the shareholders of ACCENTRO AG in dividend payments.

31 December 2018 31 December 2017
EUR million % EUR million %
Assets 474.2 100.0% 347.8 100.0%
Non-current assets 81.1 17.1% 22.2 6.4%
Current assets less liquid assets 377.6 79.6% 317.7 91.3%
Cash and cash equivalents 15.5 3.3% 7.9 2.3%
Debt and equity 474.2 100% 347.8 100.0%
Equity 199.1 42.0% 153.7 44.2%
Non-current liabilities 176.4 37.2% 43.4 12.5%
Current liabilities 98.7 20.8% 150.7 43.3%

Structure of Assets and Capital

The change of the principal shareholder and the concomitant takeover of ACCENTRO AG by Brookline Real Estate S.à r.l. from ADLER Real Estate AG as of 30 November 2017 triggered several change-of-control mechanisms. A number of facility agreements as well as the 2014/2019 convertible bond issued by ACCENTRO AG were subject to break options on the part of the creditors that remains eff ective beyond the balance sheet date of 31 December 2017, while the convertible bond was subject to an amended subscription right eff ective through 31 January 2018. Consequently, ACCENTRO AG reclassifi ed the convertible bond as well as the relevant non-current liabilities as current liabilities in the consolidated accounts as of 31 December 2017 in line with applicable IFRS regulations. Yet the lenders refrained from exercising their break options. In the fi rst quarter of 2018, the respective liabilities were reclassifi ed as non-current liabilities again. This compromises the comparability with the prior year comparative fi gures.

The debt-to-equity ratio (debt capital/total capital) largely matched the prior-year level of 58.0% by the end of the reporting year (previous year: 55.8%), which is mainly explained by a more or less uniform increase in shareholders' equity (+EUR 45.4 million) relative to the trend in liabilities (+EUR 81 million). Similarly, the loan-to-value ratio (LtV)* deteriorated in the wake of the bond issuance, rising to 50.3% year on year (2017, the previous year: 39.4%).

At 3.3%, the ratio of cash and cash equivalents to total assets was slightly above the level of the prior year balance sheet date (2.3%). This is explained by a 96.2% increase in cash and cash equivalents compared to 2017to the amount of EUR 15.5 million, while assets grew by 36.4%.

The Group was able to meet its fi nancial obligations at all times. A rolling cash plan enables us to recognise liquidity bottlenecks well ahead of time, and to undertake the necessary countermeasures, as the case may be.

* Defi nition pursuant to the 2018/2021 bond terms: net fi nancial liabilities/gross asset values. Because of its favourable conversion price, the 2014/2019 convertible bond was rated as equity capital.

The fi nancing schemes of ACCENTRO AG rest on several mainstays. In addition to bank loans collateralised by land charges, the Company employs capital-market-based fi nancing arrangements in the form of corporate bonds. On 26 January 2018, ACCENTRO AG successfully placed a corporate bond in a volume of EUR 100 million.

Due to the shifts, previously outlined in the note on comparables, between non-current and current liabilities that were caused by the change-of-control event in 2017, a direct comparison of the maturities of the accounts payable with the prior-year fi gures would be less than meaningful. See the notes to the consolidated fi nancial statements for a detailed drilldown of the liabilities that ignores the accounting eff ects of the change of control.

The liabilities from the convertible bonds issued in foregoing years were fully repaid through conversion and early redemption of the convertible bond in the amount of EUR 12.7 million. Cash and cash equivalents amounted to EUR 15.5 million as of 31 December 2018, compared to EUR 7.9 million by 31 December 2017. ACCENTRO AG assumes that all of the loans to be renegotiated during the 2019 fi nancial year will be renewed on a rotating basis or repaid. Considering the cash infl ow from the corporate bond placed in January 2018 and the funds from the cash capital increase of October 2018, ACCENTRO AG believes that its funding needs are secured for the 2019 fi nancial year as well. No fi nancing arrangements in foreign currencies were taken out by ACCENTRO AG.

In addition to the consolidated net income of 2018, the conversion of the 2014/2019 convertible bond and the cash capital increase undertaken in October 2018 led to a further increase in the shareholders' equity from EUR 153.7 million at the end of 2017 up to EUR 199.1 million as of 31 December 2018. At 42.0%, the equity ratio was more or less kept level with the prior-year fi gure (previous year: 44.2%) despite a 36.4% increase in total assets and a reduction in equity due to the dividend payment in the amount of EUR 5.2 million in May 2018.

Asset Position

Total assets increased signifi cantly by EUR 126.4 million (36.4%) to EUR 474.2 million (31 December 2017: EUR 347.8 million). Material changes to each balance sheet item are detailed in the summary below, and are subsequently elaborated.

31 December
2018
31 December
2017
Change
EUR million EUR million EUR million
Non-current assets 81.1 22.2 +58.9
Owner-occupied properties and buildings 23.4 0 +23.4
Non-current other receivables and other assets 28.8 0 +28.8
Other non-current assets 28.9 22.2 +6.7
Current assets 393.1 325.6 +67.5
Inventory properties 345.2 304.0 +41.2
Trade receivables 18.6 1.2 +17.4
Other current assets 29.3 20.4 +8.9
Equity 199.1 153.7 +45.4
Non-current liabilities 176.4 43.4 +133.0
Financial liabilities 175.3 43.4 +132.9
Other non-current liabilities 1.1 1.0 +0.1
Current liabilities 98.7 150.7 –52.0
Current fi nancial liabilities and bonds 55.9 98.9 –43.0
Other current liabilities and accrued expenses 42.8 51.8 –9.0

The non-current assets increased by EUR 58.9 million. The sum total includes EUR 23.4 million for an offi ce building in Berlin that was acquired in the summer of 2018 and that will serve as ACCENTRO AG's new head offi ce following structural alterations and customisation to meet the Company's needs. The Company is also in the process of procuring a planning consent for open areas on the property so as to permit their future development.

Non-current other receivables and other assets essentially comprise lendings to companies that are associated with ACCENTRO AG via equity investments or marketing agreements. Since ACCENTRO AG does not control these companies, they are not fully consolidated in the consolidated fi nancial statements of ACCENTRO AG.

The other non-current assets include essentially a non-depreciable goodwill in the amount of EUR 17.8 million, non-current purchase price receivables in the amount of EUR 2.4 million, and corporate investments in non-consolidated companies in the amount of EUR 7.7 million.

Current assets increased by EUR 67.5 million to EUR 393.1 million (previous year: EUR 325.6 million), and represent primarily the trading portfolio properties recognised in inventories. For 866 residential units acquired for a combined purchase price of EUR 163.3 million during the 2018 fi nancial year, the transfer of benefi ts and burdens took place in 2018. For another 177 residential units acquired for a purchase price of EUR 32.7 million, the sale and purchase agreements have already been signed, but the transfer of benefi ts and burdens will take place in 2019. At the same time, 1,615 residential units (previous year: 992 units) worth EUR 156.6 million in initial costs were sold (previous year: EUR 99.8 million), so that the inventory assets, taking into account the refurbishment measures completed in the course of the year, increased by EUR 41.2 million. It should be borne in mind that the acquisition in the previous year and the sale of the Gehrensee portfolio of 675 apartments that was concluded in 2018 distorts the presentation of ACCENTRO AG's operating performance with respect to acquisitions and disposals. If you ignore the Gehrensee transaction, ACCENTRO AG's track record shows 600 apartments bought during the previous year and 940 apartments sold during the year under review.

The increase in current trade receivables is mainly explained by the balance sheet date, as the purchase price receivable of EUR 11.2 million from a property portfolio sold at the end of the year is not due for payment until March 2019. In addition, the disposal of a real estate portfolio in Hanover caused trade receivables to increase. The purchase price receivable for this transaction was not yet due in full by the balance sheet date, although the transfer of benefi ts and burdens took place at the end of 2018.

The other current assets were composed as follows during the 2018 fi nancial year: The accounts receivable from operating costs not yet invoiced add up to EUR 8.1 million (EUR 6.0 million) while the cash position equals EUR 15.5 million (previous year: EUR 7.9 million). Shortterm loans amount to EUR 2.7 million, of which EUR 2.3 million had already been returned by the time these fi nancial statements were completed. EUR 1.1 million represent income tax receivables. The remaining accounts receivable break down into a number of minor amounts

General Statement on the Group's Business Situation

In the course of the 2018 fi nancial year, ACCENTRO AG succeeded both in placing a bond with a nominal value of EUR 100 million and in carrying out a cash capital increase by issuing 2,120,000 new shares. Together, the two measures generated a (gross) cash infl ow of EUR 120 million for ACCENTRO AG, considerably boosting the Company's fi nancial resources and options. The simultaneous redemption of the 2014/2019 convertible bond through conversion and cancellation also improved the refi nancing interest rate in the 2018 fi nancial year.

In the previous year's Group management report, we predicted a signifi cant increase in sales in the double-digit percentage range, and moderate growth in EBIT in the bandwidth of EUR 36 million to EUR 40 million. While achieving the sales target, at EUR 32.9 million the Company narrowly missed the EBIT forecast. The key reason for the failure to achieve the EBIT target is that originally planned sales launches had to be postponed until the 2019 fi nancial year.

That said, the targeted year-on-year growth in sales was achieved in the 2018 fi nancial year with a revenue total of EUR 205.6 million (previous year: EUR 151.5 million). It should be noted here that nearly EUR 43 million in sales represent the contribution of Accentro Gehrensee GmbH and its subsidiaries, which was recognised directly in equity with nearly the same amount and therefore implied no material increase in EBIT. All forecasts and analyses should therefore be based on an adjusted sales total of EUR 163.3 million that factors in the "Gehrensee eff ect."

Of course, we are not fully satisfi ed with the earnings performance as we missed the EBIT forecast. Then again, the prerequisites for a sustained positive fi nancial performance of the ACCENTRO Group were put in place during the 2018 fi nancial year through the continued expansion of the trading portfolio and the setup of several collaborative ventures. The outlook for 2019 is bright, we believe, because several projects were postponed from the 2018 fi nancial year to 2019.

Despite dividend payments and a substantial increase in total assets, the equity ratio remained stable on a high level of 42.0% (prior period: 44.2%).

2.5 Other Financial and Non-Financial Performance Indicators

The technical expertise and commitment of our employees and executives are material requirements for the business performance of ACCENTRO Group.

To help retain employee knowledge and skills, the ACCENTRO Group places a strong emphasis on attractive working conditions. These include in particular a competitive compensation system that is continuously monitored and adapted as required. Group employees also benefi t from options for continued professional development as needed or whenever the opportunity presents itself.

An important non-fi nancial success factor for ACCENTRO AG is the Company's reputation, particularly the reputation of its subsidiary ACCENTRO GmbH. ACCENTRO GmbH has been active in the privatisation business since 1999, and is Germany's market leader in this fi eld today.

For some years now, ACCENTRO GmbH has concentrated on the booming market of Berlin, exploiting its highly auspicious development. By setting up its own trading portfolio outside Berlin, ACCENTRO Group will keep expanding its position as attractive and reliable partner in the area of tenant-sensitive housing privatisation. The business success of ACCENTRO Group in the privatisation business is monitored by continuously keeping count of the condominiums sold, so that the trend in sales represents yet another, non-fi nancial performance indicator.

In a bid to widen its circle of buyers beyond the German-speaking clientele, ACCENTRO GmbH recently started an ongoing eff ort to expand its international footprint by engaging new groups of leads who are interested in German real estate but do not wish to buy entire portfolios.

3 Report on the Individual Financial Statements of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG

3.1 Basic Structure of the Company

ACCENTRO AG is a holding company. It controls the operations of subsidiaries that own the Group's real estate holdings outright. In addition, it is the parent company of a service provider focusing on the housing privatisation business. For companies in which it holds a controlling interest, ACCENTRO AG assumes the top-down responsibilities of corporate controlling, funding, and administration within the ACCENTRO Group. ACCENTRO AG's sphere of ownership includes core divisions such as Legal, Accounting, Controlling, Risk Management, Funding, Purchasing, Asset Management and IT.

The Company's business performance, along with its opportunities and risks, is inseparably linked to the economic development of the Group entities. To properly understand the economic development of ACCENTRO AG and its defi nitive infl uencing factors, it is therefore of the essence to consider the ACCENTRO Group as a whole. The reporting on the situation and the presentation of the opportunities and risks of the Group therefore apply essentially to ACCENTRO AG as an individual enterprise.

The individual fi nancial statement of ACCENTRO AG underlying this report was compiled according to the regulations of the German Commercial Code (HGB) for large stock corporations and the supplementary regulations of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG).

ACCENTRO AG is a residential property company listed on the regulated market and is also listed, inter alia, on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.

3.2 Business Performance

The continued positive business performance of the ACCENTRO Group and of ACCENTRO AG during the 2018 fi nancial year took place in a generally very favourable market environment that, in Germany's metro regions, was marked by keen demand for residential property. ACCENTRO AG was able to take advantage of the market environment in the 2018 fi nancial year to issue a EUR 100 million bond in January and to place a EUR 20.1 million cash capital increase in October.

ACCENTRO AG also managed to achieve its projected EBIT target due to anticipated profi t transfers and certain divestitures it undertook. The separate fi nancial statements of ACCENTRO AG show an EBIT of EUR 18.5 million, which exceeds the upper end of the EBIT forecast bracket of EUR 14 to 17 million.

Total payroll expenses increased by 43.4% or the equivalent of EUR 0.9 million. The average number of employees increased by 7 persons, an increase of 38.9%.

Profi t-transfer agreements with three subsidiaries generated a net income from investments in the amount of EUR 18.6 million (previous year: EUR 15.9 million).

Compared to the previous year, the net interest result is largely unchanged, with both interest income and interest expense having substantially increased.

3.3 Earnings, Financial Position and Assets

Earnings Position

ACCENTRO AG pursues its business activities through autonomous subsidiaries. As an operating holding company, the Company performs standard management, administrative and fi nancing functions for its Group companies. The earnings position of ACCENTRO AG is defi ned, on the one hand, by the contributions to operating income from equity investments, and, on the other hand, from its funding role within the Group and its expenses in this function.

1 Jan. 2018 –
31 Dec. 2018
1 Jan. 2017 –
31 Dec. 2017
Change
TEUR TEUR TEUR
Other operating income 9,264 12,936 –3,672
Operating income 9,264 12,936 –3,672
Cost of materials –645 –117 –528
Total payroll and benefi t costs –2,995 –2,088 –907
Depreciation and amortisation of
intangible assets and property,
plant and equipment
–95 –47 –48
Write-downs on fi nancial invest
ments
–5 –4,600 4,595
Miscellaneous operating expenses –5,637 –2,970 –2,667
Net income from investments
(including profi t-shifting)
18,635 15,943 2,692
Income from securities 1 0 1
Operating income (EBIT) 18,524 19,057 –533
Net interest income 740 990 –250
Pre-tax profi t 19,264 20,047 –783
Income taxes –3,827 –3,337 –490
Profi t/loss for the year 15,437 16,710 –1,273

The earnings position of ACCENTRO AG developed as follows during the 2018 fi nancial year:

The other operating income dropped from EUR 12.9 million during the same period last year down to EUR 9.3 million. The income earned during the 2018 fi nancial year essentially breaks down in sales of subsidiaries in the amount of EUR 7.3 million, the dissolution of provisions in the amount of EUR 1.7 million, and EUR 1.2 million worth of miscellaneous other income.

The cost of materials was largely generated by expenses during the process of selling subsidiaries (EUR 0.6 million).

Total payroll and benefi t costs increased by EUR 0.9 million. ACCENTRO AG employed an average of 27 people (previous year: 18) during the 2018 fi nancial year.

The other operating expenses soared from EUR 3.0 million the previous year to EUR 5.6 million. The increase by EUR 2.6 million is mainly due to fees in the amount of EUR 1.5 million, which were generated by the bond issuance, and advisory costs of EUR 0.9 million incurred in the same context.

Net income from investments in the amount of EUR 18.6 million increased over prior year (EUR 15.9 million) due to higher income from profi t-transfer agreements.

The interest balance equalled EUR 0.7 million during the period under review (previous year: EUR 1.0 million). It was mainly infl uenced by an increase in interest expenses by EUR 2.4 million that is explained by the placement of the EUR 100 million bond in January 2018, and by an increase in interest income by EUR 2.2 million from lendings to subsidiaries.

As the pre-tax earnings amounted to EUR 19.3 million only (previous year: EUR 20.0 million), the income tax load remained on a relatively low level at EUR 3.8 million (previous year: EUR 3.3 million) because of largely tax-exempt income from divestitures.

Financial and Net Asset Position

The fi nancial and assets position of ACCENTRO AG is defi nitively characterised by its activities as fi nancial holding company. The following overview lists the main non-current assets, along with their year-on-year change:

31 Dec. 2018 31 Dec. 2017 Change
TEUR % TEUR % TEUR
Assets 311,777 100.0 169,509 100.0 142,268
Financial investments 45,539 14.6 19,103 11.3 26,436
Plant, equipment and software 282 0.1 101 0.1 181
Advance payments for fi nancial
investments
1,203 0.4 16,741 9.9 –15,538
Trade receivables 355 0.1 103 0.1 252
Receivables from affi liates 239,902 77.0 127,413 75.2 112,489
Receivables from equity invest
ments
4,701 1.5 35 0.0 4,666
Loans to third parties 10,165 3.3 207 0.1 9,958
Cash and cash equivalents 6,132 2.0 1,624 1.0 4,508
Other assets 3,498 1.0 4,182 2.3 –684
Liabilities 311,777 100 169,509 100 142,268
Equity 158,800 50.9 115,677 68.2 43,123
Borrowings/bank debt 100,008 32.1 12,879 7.6 87,129
Liabilities to affi liated companies 38,978 12.5 26,152 15.4 12,826
Provisions 10,470 3.4 13,969 8.3 –3,499
Other liabilities 3,521 1.1 832 0.5 2,689

Total assets increased by EUR 142.3 million from EUR 169.5 million to EUR 311.8 million. The asset and fi nancial position is defi nitively infl uenced by fi nancial investments, debt fi nancing via bonds, and the performance of receivables and payables vis-à-vis affi liates.

The development is primarily defi ned by the increase in receivables from affi liated companies and companies in which the Company holds an equity interest. It is caused by the application of funds from the assumption of the bond liabilities.

The accounts receivable from affi liates and equity investments doubled during the fi nancial year, increasing by EUR 117.1 million to EUR 244.6 million. The increase breaks down as follows:

  • The short-term loans to affi liates and equity investments increased by EUR 73.5 million to EUR 167.7 million.
  • Intercompany receivables increased by EUR 17.7 million to EUR 71.2 million. On the one hand, the profi t-shifting contracts of three companies caused the amount of EUR 18.6 million to be posted while, on the other hand, some of the costs fronted by ACCENTRO AG in the amount of EUR 1.0 million were repaid.

The liabilities from bonds and bank loans rose by EUR 87.1 million on balance during the 2018 fi nancial year. In January 2018, ACCENTRO AG successfully placed a corporate bond in the volume of EUR 100 million at an interest rate of 3.75%. The 2014/2019 convertible bond with a par value of EUR 12.9 million was almost fully converted during the fi rst quarter of 2018. ACCENTRO AG exercised its special termination right for the remaining non-converted units, so that the convertible bond is fully redeemed now.

The liabilities to affi liates increased by EUR 26.2 million to EUR 39.0 million. The primary reason for the increase is that two loans were taken out from two subsidiaries (EUR 13.6 million).

ACCENTRO AG complied with collateral agreements from facility agreements (covenants) and the bond terms of the 2018/2021 corporate bond placed in 2018.

The Company was able to meet its fi nancial obligations at any time during the 2018 fi nancial year.

The share capital and capital reserves of ACCENTRO AG increased as a result of the convertible bond conversions carried out in the year under review and a cash capital increase in October 2018. Specifi cally, the share capital increased by EUR 5.4 million due to the conversions and by EUR 2.1 million due to the cash capital increase. EUR 25.3 million were transferred from corporate actions to the capital reserve. Moreover, the net income caused the shareholders' equity of ACCENTRO AG to increase by EUR 15.4 million.

The distribution of a dividend in the amount of EUR 5.2 million had a converse eff ect. Yet the Company's shareholder equity rose to EUR 158.8 million overall. The equity ratio (shareholders' equity/total assets) decreased by 17.3% to 50.9% year-on-year (68.2%), as total assets grew by 83.9% much faster than equity did at a rate of 37.2%.

General Statement on the Company's Business Situation and Business Performance

The earnings position of the ACCENTRO Group, which is defi nitive for the fi nancial performance of ACCENTRO AG as its holding company, developed handsomely during the 2018 fi nancial year even if not all of the corporate objectives were achieved.

With this in mind, we are content with the earnings performance. The 2018 fi nancial year was expected to see an increase in total assets and an EBIT in the range of EUR 14 to 17 million. The total assets did grow swiftly, and the EBIT topped the upper end of the forecast bracket at EUR 18.5 million.

The prerequisites for a sustained positive fi nancial performance of the ACCENTRO Group were put in place during the 2018 fi nancial year through the continued expansion of the trading portfolio. We expect ACCENTRO AG's individual fi nancial statements to show a positive net income on a level with the previous year. The total assets are not expected to see serious growth going forward.

4 Forecast, Opportunity and Risk Report

Forecast Report

The following statements on the future business performance of ACCENTRO Group and the factors considered to be crucial in terms of the development of the market, the sector and the Company are based on the estimates made by the Management Board of ACCENTRO AG and the corporate planning decisions made in December 2018. In our planning eff orts, we assume that the economic and social parameters will remain largely unchanged while the moderate economic growth, the low unemployment trend and the low-interest cycle will continue. All forecasts are subject to the risk that the developments predicted may not actually occur in terms of either their scope or their general trend. The material risks to which ACCENTRO Group believes it is exposed are explained in the opportunity and risk report.

Backed by the forecasts of academic studies, we consider our assumption to be realistic. For instance, the spring report published by the ZIA German Property Federation on 19 February 2019 sees no evidence for an imminent fundamental trend reversal despite the fact that the current cycle is now in its eleventh year. Given the persistent shortfall in supply, the ZIA expects the price upsurge on Germany's residential property market to continue in 2019 and to see massive price hikes for residential property in the conurbations in particular. At the same time, the ZIA points out that evidence of excessive pricing is manifest most notably in class A cities, their greater areas and in a number of other major cities subject to keen demand, and these pricing spikes could result in corresponding adjustments. Then again, the federation cautioned that there are no signs of a real estate bubble that would aff ect Germany's market as a whole. The ZIA argues that crucial aspects like infl ated credit growth or runaway building activity are missing from the picture.

We share the ZIA's forecast in principle and regard the risk of a bubble as low. At the same time, the pronounced supply shortage has not gone away and will probably take many years to relieve. The risks associable with it should not be easily dismissed.

As in the 2018 fi nancial year, the corporate strategy and operating activities of the coming years will focus on the privatisation of residential real estate, and on the creation of homeownership options for a broad-based population cohort. In this line of business, ACCENTRO AG will focus on the privatisation of fl ats from its proprietary stock as well as on behalf of third parties. This is the focus of the acquisition strategy that ACCENTRO AG pursues.

In the 2019 fi nancial year, we expect the ACCENTRO Group to achieve a modest increase in revenues compared with the previous year's level when ignoring the sale of the Gehrensee portfolio (basis: EUR 163.3 million), combined with moderate growth in earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) in the low double-digit percentage range. Based on the completed expansion of the trading portfolio, and given the exclusive focus on privatisation activities, the earnings performance is expected to remain largely stable.

The continued expansion of the trading portfolio and the cash outfl ow for capital expenditures will probably push the operating cash fl ow back deep into the negative range during the 2019 fi nancial year because these investments are grouped with the operational division. The cash fl ow was indeed negative for the operational division in 2018, as predicted by the forecast report, adding up to EUR –48.4 million. The situation is unlikely to change in the foreseeable future because ACCENTRO AG plans to keep pursuing its steady expansion of the trading portfolio.

At the level of ACCENTRO AG, annual net income for the following year is expected to match the fi gure of the 2018 fi nancial year. The total assets are not expected to see any fast growth on the level of the individual fi nancial statements in 2019.

On top of that, we assume that the fi nancial covenants of the 2018/2021 bond will be fulfi lled during the 2019 fi nancial year.

In terms of employee retention, our plans for 2019 seek to continue the current strategy of trying to retain our employees long-term and to keep the churn rate to a minimum. As projected, the workforce increased by 12 staff , although it should be added that not all of these jobs created represent full-time positions. Five persons left the Company in the course of the 2018 fi nancial year. As expected, the fl uctuation is relatively low. The workforce is likely to keep growing at a modest pace in 2019 to stay abreast of the Company's ongoing growth.

Opportunity and Risk Report

Risk Management

The ACCENTRO Group's risk management system is geared towards securing the value-add potential of the Group's commercial activities and to permit their exploitation in such a way as to generate a sustained growth in going concern value. An integral component of this system is the fact that potentially adverse developments and events are addressed in a structured manner and at an early stage, thereby allowing the Management Board to initiate countermeasures in good time before signifi cant damage is done.

Having the function of detecting and communicating signifi cant risk factors promptly, particularly those that are highly relevant in terms of income and liquidity and that could therefore jeopardise the Group's continued existence, the ACCENTRO Group's risk management system is integrated in the planning, reporting and controlling processes of ACCENTRO AG at an organisational level. The system is managed on a centralised basis by ACCENTRO AG, and comprises the systematic identifi cation, analysis, assessment and monitoring of material risks by the Company's Management Board. In light of the Group's clearly defi ned corporate structures and business processes, the level of formalisation has so far been kept comparatively low for reasons of effi ciency.

The close involvement of the Management Board in the main business transactions and projects is to ensure that emerging risks are monitored on an ongoing basis. The monthly reporting to the Management Board explicitly addresses threats to which ACCENTRO AG is exposed, and proposes ways to minimise them.

The risk management system employed by ACCENTRO AG contains the following key elements:

  • a controlling and reporting system that is able to identify adverse business developments at an early stage, and to communicate them to the Company's management
  • periodic or event-related risk stock-taking
  • the documentation of relevant risks for the purposes of informing the Company's management on a regular or case-by-case basis
  • the periodic assessment of the identifi ed risks and the resolution of decisions on any countermeasures or the conscious acceptance of transparent risks by the Management Board of ACCENTRO AG

In addition, the Management Board has commissioned a third-party auditing company to carry out an internal audit to assess the eff ectiveness of the risk management on an ongoing basis and to suggest improvements.

The key elements of the risk management system are itemised in the subsequent overview of the risk management process:

    1. Defi nition of specifi cations: The Management Board defi nes the methodological and thematic prescriptions for the risk management system, while the Company's expectations are specifi ed and the risk awareness enhanced in the process.
    1. Risk identifi cation and analysis: All entrepreneurial risks are fully captured, analysed in regard to causes and eff ects, evaluated, and classifi ed in diff erent risk categories. In addition, appropriate countermeasures are identifi ed.
    1. Reporting: The Management Board is regularly and promptly briefed on existing threats and possible countermeasures. Within the framework of the reporting cycles, these briefings are scheduled spontaneously, weekly, monthly or quarterly, depending on the situation at hand and the respective threat analysis.
    1. Risk management: The Company will proactively respond to identifi ed, analysed and rated threats on the basis of executive decisions regarding controlling measures.
    1. Risk controlling: The purpose of risk controlling is the methodological and thematic planning, monitoring and controlling of the risk management system of ACCENTRO AG. Risk controlling covers all stages of the risk management process, and enables the Management Board to regularly update the methodological and thematic prescriptions for the risk management system.

Presentation of Individual Risks

The ACCENTRO Group is exposed to a wide variety of risks which, individually or collectively, could adversely aff ect the net asset, fi nancial and income situation of the Company and its continued economic performance. It needs to be remembered that the changes resulting from the composition of the various threats that were relevant for the ACCENTRO Group during the 2017 fi nancial year remained relevant in the 2018 fi nancial year. We believe that the subsequently listed risks ensure a rather exhaustive representation.

The main risks for our business model within the current market environment include specifi cally sales risks and risks arising from the property selection.

Company-specific Risks

a) Risks Arising from the Property Selection

The economic success of the ACCENTRO Group depends defi nitively on the selection and acquisition of properties suitable for the sale of apartments to owner-occupiers and buy-tolet-investors. This involves a certain risk of incorrectly appraising, or failing to detect, any negative structural, legal, commercial and other defects a property about to be purchased may have. Moreover, assumptions made in relation to the income potential of a given property could subsequently prove to be partially or wholly incorrect. In particular, the management of the respective property could fall short of the expected results, or apartments ear-marked for sale could prove impossible to sell in the planned quantity, on the planned terms, and/ or within the planned time frame, as a result of an incorrect assessment of the attractiveness of the property's location and other factors that investors deem crucial for their decision whether or not to buy.

These property-specifi c risks are addressed by conducting due diligences on the relevant properties. As part of the property assessment, factors such as expected renovation, maintenance and modernisation requirements and the earnings power and debt service coverage ratio are examined using standard banking benchmarks.

Especially in Germany's metro regions and in certain university cities, it is becoming noticeably more diffi cult to acquire real estate at reasonable prices. To cushion this eff ect, ACCENTRO AG is increasingly buying property outside the Berlin conurbation.

b) Letting Risks

Generally speaking, the letting risk represents a subordinate risk for ACCENTRO AG's business model, because vacant fl ats sell for higher prices than occupied fl ats. A more material risk poses the impairment of a property as a result of poor performance by third-party service providers in the area of property management. It is a risk addressed through active asset management and property management. This includes lettings management and steps taken to ensure the competitiveness of properties within the local occupier markets. Relevant steps include specifi cally the constant monitoring of the service providers, proper maintenance along with refurbishments and modernisation measures necessary to preserve or enhance the attractive ness of the properties for tenants and buyers.

c) Construction Risks

Going forward, the ACCENTRO Group expects risks in this area to increase signifi cantly. While construction risks used to be essentially limited to straightforward refurbishments and improvements for the purpose of enhancing the marketability of its housing stock, the Company has also engaged in costly major refurbishments and topping-up developments involving occupied real estate in several locations since 2016. This sort of activity is subject to noticeably higher coordination and investment requirements.

To the extent that construction measures are required for let properties or properties acquired for privatisation or leased by the Group, there is a risk that the resulting construction costs could signifi cantly exceed forecasts. This risk is countered through detailed construction cost planning and strict monitoring.

Uncertainties regarding whether, when and under what constraints and/or subsidiary conditions approval for the projects is granted under public construction law may contribute to the construction risks. This means that the Company relies to some extent on the discretion exercised by certain authorities and on the adequacy of that authority's human resources. It also means that disputes with residents and neighbours may signifi cantly delay or negatively impact the planning approval process. These circumstances may mean that planned construction measures cannot be executed for the price assumed, within the timeline planned, or not at all. That is why risk factors of this sort are thoroughly examined in the run-up to a given construction measure.

ACCENTRO AG hired employees with relevant experience to address these risks, and will continue to expand the staff capacity in this division going forward.

d) Sales and Marketing Risks

To the extent that the ACCENTRO Group relies on external sales partners in its apartment retailing activities, the commercial success of such sales depends to a high degree on the Group's ability to recruit qualifi ed estate agents and to retain them long-term. This is supposed to be achieved primarily by off ering attractive payment terms and by keeping a large property stock on hand.

Moreover, the business success of the ACCENTRO Group in the apartment retailing sector defi nitively hinges on the willingness of owner-occupiers and investors to purchase the apartments off ered for sale. The willingness to buy may be infl uenced, on the one hand, by developments within the sphere of the respective properties, such as a deterioration of the location's social environment or structural issues, but also by general developments, such as the economic situation and employment trends, on the other hand. There is a risk that developments such as these may impair a client's willingness to buy, so that apartments earmarked for sale could prove impossible to sell in the planned quantity, on the planned terms, and/or within the planned time frame.

e) Purchase Risks Arising from Marketing Agreements

Within the framework of its third-party sales activities, the ACCENTRO Group entered into a number of agreements that include purchase guarantees. Under these agreements, ACCENTRO agrees to take over any property assets unsold at the end of the marketing period defi ned in the respective agreement at a purchase price agreed with the property developer. The possibility of having to acquire these properties at the agreed purchase price plus the real estate transfer tax due for the acquisition exposes the Company to the risk that it may not reasonably hope to realise the usual margins when reselling the properties.

f) Risks Arising from Collaborative Ventures

The disposal of a 75% equity interest in the Gehrensee project as of 30 June 2018 and the acquisition of equity interests in development schemes in Brandenburg an der Havel and in Blankenfelde near Berlin in the course of 2018 has created a new risk situation going forward. Additional collaborative projects are planned for 2019. Substantial funds of ACCENTRO AG are tied up in these projects that will not be released until the projects are concluded. Any delay in the completion of a given project could cause liquidity risks for ACCENTRO. To manage this risk, the Management Board of ACCENTRO AG appointed a controller who is responsible for the equity investment management. On top of that, each project is assigned a dedicated inhouse project manager.

g) Financing, Liquidity and Interest Rate Risks

Within the framework of its business activities, the ACCENTRO Group is exposed to a number of fi nancing, liquidity, and interest rate risks that are addressed by the monitoring and controlling measures outlined below.

Extensive liquidity planning instruments both in the short- and medium-term sectors are used to match ongoing business processes with the planning data on the level of the parent Group, of the business units, and of key subsidiaries. The Management Board is regularly and exhaustively briefed about the current liquidity and the latest liquidity forecast.

In relation to the existing loans for fi nancing the properties held by the Group, the refi nancing of the ongoing business activities, and the new borrowing required to acquire additional properties, there is a risk that company-specifi c and market-specifi c developments may make it harder to borrow funds and/or make such borrowing possible only on less favourable terms. If this was to create issues for the repayment of current loans, creditors could initiate coercive realisations of mortgage collateral. Such fi re sales would create serious fi nancial issues for ACCENTRO AG. This risk is addressed, for one thing, by observing and analysing the fi nancing market. For instance, ACCENTRO AG diversifi es the Group's fi nancing risks by exploiting fi nancing alternatives in addition to classic loan fi nancing, e. g. by issuing corporate bonds or convertible bonds.

The success of the business activities currently pursued by the ACCENTRO Group is to a large degree infl uenced by the availability of fi nancing options. A restrictive lending policy of banks over extended periods of time could negatively impact the business performance and the growth of ACCENTRO Group. In order to address this risk, the ACCENTRO Group collaborates with various banks, and closely monitors fi nancing market trends. In addition, alternative funding options through the capital market are exploited in addition to bank fi nancing, including the issuance of bonds, for instance.

The privatisation segment is exposed to the risk that a measure may not have been completed at maturity and that a loan rollover is either impossible altogether or possible only on unfavourable terms and/or at increased costs. This risk is countered by repaying a disproportionally high amount through partial sales, and by negotiating longer loan terms. The ACCENTRO Group also signed loan agreements with more than one bank, so as to counter the associated risks.

The consolidated Group has taken out loans and issued corporate bonds in a total amount of approximately EUR 106.3 million (previous year: EUR 21.7 million) that are subject to covenants agreed with the banks or specifi ed in the bond terms with respect to debt service coverage ratios or debt-to-equity ratios (fi nancial covenants). The corporate bond over EUR 100 million is subject to the following covenants:

  • the debt-to-equity ratio (net fi nancial debt to assets) must not exceed 60%
  • the capital market indebtedness must not exceed 150% of the shareholders' equity before minority interests
  • an interest coverage ratio of 2 to 1 in the relation of adjusted EBITDA to net interest expense
  • a restriction of the dividend to 30% of the IFRS annual net income

Breaches of these covenants could trigger payments into blocked accounts or early repayment obligations on the basis of a contractually agreed escalation procedure. If certain credit terms were introduced, for instance in the event of a change of control, the corporate bond could be prematurely called for redemption. The Group uses appropriate monitoring methods to detect any early signs of a risk that covenants might be breached, and strives to prevent the breach through adequate countermeasures. All fi nancial covenants were upheld during the 2018 fi nancial year.

Interest rate risks exist for the liabilities intended for prolongation or refi nancing and the planned loans to fi nance properties. In the privatisation sector, sensitivity analyses are conducted both in the context of drafting the business plans and in line with the continuous risk monitoring, so as to be able to predict the possible ramifi cations of interest rate changes for the Group's economic performance. The ongoing disproportionate repayments from properties sold rarely make long fi xed-interest periods a sensible proposition.

The direct impact of changes in the general interest rate level on the Company's performance through changes in cash fl ow pose a small risk compared to the conceivable indirect impact of changes in the general interest rate level on real estate demand (for more details on this, see the elaboration on economic risks).

h) Bad Debt Risks

The risk of bad debts in connection with trading residential real estate is reduced by delaying the property handover in the apartment retailing business until the purchase price has been paid in full. This also applies whenever properties require refurbishment work. Given the broad customer structure especially in apartment retailing, bad debt risks in regard to the purchase price payment for retailed apartments play only a secondary role in this context when considered in isolation. Portfolio transactions occasionally take the form of sales on credit. However, credit periods are granted only after ACCENTRO AG has verifi ed the clients' solvency. Since the transfer of the title in the land register does not take place until the purchase price has been paid, the risk is limited to the reversion of the property title.

i) Legal Risks

In the context of their business activities, ACCENTRO Group companies may, in particular, become involved in legal disputes and be confronted by (potential) warranty and compensation claims without being able to enforce claims against third parties in their own right. Warranty risks arise specifi cally from cases in which no liability exemption was agreed in conjunction with property sales.

When selling individual apartments, ACCENTRO Group companies and their external sales partners also perform consultancy services that could lead to compensation claims from third parties.

Adequate provisions have been set aside for the legal risks to which the Group is currently exposed. We are not aware of any other legal risks at present, particularly no risks arising from legal disputes that could have a signifi cant adverse eff ect on the fi nancial position of the ACCENTRO Group

j) Internal Risks

The senior management roles of the ACCENTRO Group that supervise the business performance are staff ed with a comparatively small number of employees. Any loss of these employees, especially of the sole member of the Management Board, would cause signifi cant disruptions in the course of business.

Market-specific Risks

a) Economic Risks

The ACCENTRO Group has so far generated its revenues exclusively inside Germany. Here, particularly a deterioration in national economic conditions, combined with an increase in the number of unemployed, could lead to a (steep) drop in demand for real estate investments. Moreover, the market environment in Germany is also indirectly aff ected by global economic trends. In 2019, the main focus will be on the lingering trade dispute between the USA and the EU, the unclear situation surrounding the UK's withdrawal from the EU and the future development of the European Union.

The development of interest levels in Germany is particularly important for domestic real estate demand. An increase in interest rates would make property investments more diffi cult due to rising interest payments. This scenario would also drive up the borrowing costs for the loans taken out by the companies of the ACCENTRO Group, with a corresponding negative impact on earnings.

b) Sector Risks

Deterioration in the general conditions on the German property market could have a negative infl uence on the business performance of ACCENTRO Group. Softening property prices would make it harder to realise sales profi ts, and diminish the earnings in the privatisation sector. At the same time, additions of attractively priced properties could be limited, as potential sellers are unwilling to sell on account of the low price level.

Moreover, the development of the property sector is largely determined by the availability of fi nance instruments. A persistently restrictive lending policy could negatively impact the demand for real estate in general, and thus result in impairments for the inventory properties of the ACCENTRO Group, and in lower privatisation proceeds.

The demand for condominiums in Germany depends, in addition to the absolute and possibly negative demographic growth, on the trend in the number of persons per household.

c) Legal Parameters

As the business activities of the ACCENTRO Group are regulated by the specifi c legal parameters that apply to property, they may be adversely aff ected by amendments to national and/or European legislation or the changed interpretation or application of existing legislation, including tenancy laws, public construction laws, and tax laws. These include, without being limited to, rental law, public building law, and fi scal law.

So far, ACCENTRO has focused its activities primarily on the real estate market in Berlin. It is therefore of the essence to keep a close eye on the ramifi cations of political decisions for our core market in Berlin, most notably the developments in the area of historic district protection and the exercise of the right of fi rst refusal by the boroughs.

Risk Concentrations

The business success of the ACCENTRO Group is in some ways disproportionately dependent on a small number of projects and portfolios that account for a major share of its revenues. Aside from the client dependence that is generally associable with the fact, there is a risk that possible delays or issues arising in the context of the privatisation of this portfolio would disproportionately impact the business success of the ACCENTRO Group.

The ACCENTRO Group invests primarily in the real estate market in Berlin. Accordingly, if Berlin as real estate location was to develop a generally adverse trend, the development could defi nitively impair the assets, fi nances and earnings of the ACCENTRO Group. In its monthly report for February 2019, the Bundesbank warned against excessive pricing in the major cities, yet demand for fl ats in Berlin continues to grow rapidly.

Moreover, specifi c one-off risks keep arising in connection with construction work, especially the threats of cost overruns, project delays, payment default risks, which can arise in connection with building measure that involve portfolios acquired by the ACCENTRO Group, for instance within the framework of modernisations.

Other Influencing Factors

In addition to the risks identifi ed above, there are general infl uences that are unforeseeable, and that can therefore not be preempted. These include political changes, social infl uences, and force major such as natural disasters or terrorist attacks. These factors could have adverse eff ects on the economic environment, and could thus indirectly impair the future business performance of the ACCENTRO Group.

Assessment of the Overall Risk

A new fi nancing structure was created during the reporting period by issuing a corporate bond with a nominal value of EUR 100 million and by prematurely redeeming the 2014/2019 convertible bond. Doing so has noticeably improved the risk situation of the ACCENTRO Group in regard to fi nancing. With a view to the persistently auspicious market environment and the great marketing outlook, there are currently no signs of material risks to the ACCENTRO Group, and specifi cally no risks to the Group's going concern status.

Opportunities Created by Future Developments

Meanwhile, the ACCENTRO Group continued to expand its trading portfolio by acquiring new property during the 2018 fi nancial year. The portfolio now extends across Germany and include cities in Bavaria, the metro regions Hamburg and Leipzig, as well as the cities or campus towns of Cologne, Rostock and Berlin. Especially its strong position in Berlin gives ACCENTRO AG a great chance to keep exploiting the extraordinary dynamic of Berlin's housing market. In the course of the 2018 fi nancial year, we expanded our footprint in Leipzig and in the Rhine-Ruhr region, opening local branch offi ces. In fact, we set up a subsidiary for the Rhine-Ruhr region, ACCENTRO Rhein-Ruhr GmbH, which already transacted its fi rst property acquisition. The extensive geographic footprint of its privatisation segment makes ACCENTRO AG a fast-growing and reliable sales partner in its collaboration with business partners.

The sales activities are to be expanded in the new-build residential segment. To this end, it is planned to enter into new collaborative ventures with mid-market property developers for whom ACCENTRO would handle the apartment sales.

Its subsidiary ACCENTRO GmbH has a leading position in Germany's privatisation sector. This presents an opportunity for ACCENTRO AG, too, as it permits the Group to expand faster than the competition and simultaneously to have easier access to new properties earmarked for privatisation. The robust market position in connection with the demonstrable track record in apartment retailing also implies the chance to acquire new third-party contracts for privatisation services.

Taken together, the above factors form the basis for a successful implementation of the corporate strategy, and will keep facilitating fundraising eff orts both on the capital markets and among banks in the future.

Overall Assessment

In light of the anticipated development of Germany's housing demand and the generally auspicious parameters of the country's residential property market, the Company continues to see a growing business potential in future. This assessment is backed by the lively interest of owner-occupiers and buy-to-let investors in properties, particularly in condominiums, that are acquired either as buy-to-let investment or (in the case of owner-occupiers) as an integral component of a private pension plan. The latter aspect, by the way, is bound to gain in signifi cance, and substantially so.

The ACCENTRO Group intends to keep boosting its revenues through geographic expansion and commitments in joint ventures paired with the expansion of collaborative activities in the area of new-build construction projects. On the basis of a stable business performance and viable cost income ratios, the Company expects to see its income and fi nancial position to stabilise on a sustained high level.

5 Internal Control System and Risk Management in Regard to the Group Accounting Process

The fi nancial risk management of the ACCENTRO Group is geared towards managing and limiting the fi nancial risks arising from operating activities. In particular, this is intended to counter signifi cant bad debt losses that could jeopardise the Company's economic development. Another objective of fi nancial risk management is to ensure optimised Group fi nancing. The availability of suffi cient funds for the Company is monitored by a rolling liquidity control.

The appropriateness of the risk early warning system implemented by the Group is examined by the auditor in the course of the annual audit of ACCENTRO AG's external fi nancial reporting. Potential improvements identifi ed as a result are subsequently incorporated into the system.

To ensure the regularity of fi nancial reporting in its consolidated fi nancial statements, the Group management reports and the quarterly reports, ACCENTRO AG has integrated preventative and monitoring controls for the Company's accounting processes in its internal control system (IKS). These measures include the separation of functions, pre-defi ned approval principles and computer processes for the processing of accounting data. The key organisational measures are a component of the IKS handbook, which sets out the Company's core business processes. If necessary, special areas of accounting are covered by bringing in external consultants.

Starting in the 2016 fi nancial year, an internal audit system was implemented on the Group level of ACCENTRO AG to improve the effi ciency of the business processes. It assists the various departments of ACCENTRO AG in achieving their objectives by using a systematic and targetoriented approach to measure the effi ciency of the risk management, the controls, and the managing and monitoring processes, and to help with eff orts to enhance them. At the same time, it supports the Management Board of ACCENTRO AG in its control and supervisory functions. Two internal audits were carried out during the 2018 fi nancial year, and another two internal audits are being prepared for the 2019 fi nancial year.

The consistency of accounting processes of the subsidiaries included in the consolidated fi nancial statements is guaranteed by central coordination and execution of the accounting at the parent Company. The reliability of the IFRS accounting records of the consolidated companies and their consolidation in the Group accounting process is principally ensured by the centralised Group accounting done by the parent Company. The separate IFRS accounts of the companies included in the consolidation for the Group accounting process is reviewed by various experts at the parent Company before being reconciled with the Group's fi nancial statements.

6 Disclosures Pursuant to Sections 289a, 315a, German Commercial Code (HGB)

ACCENTRO AG is a stock corporation (Aktiengesellschaft) based in Germany and has issued voting shares that are listed on an organised market as defi ned by Sec. 2 Art. 7, German Securities Acquisition and Takeover Act (WpÜG), namely the Regulated Market of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Prime Standard).

Managing Body

The legal managing and representative body of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG is its Management Board. The composition of the Management Board and the appointment of its members are based on Articles 76, 84 and 85, German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), in conjunction with sec. 6 of the Company's Articles of Association. In accordance with these provisions, the Management Board is composed of one or several members. The Supervisory Board determines the number of members of the Management Board. The Supervisory Board may appoint up to fi ve Management Board members and specify a Management Board member to act as chairman. At the moment, the Company's Management Board consists of a single member.

In accordance with Section 84, AktG, the members of the Management Board are appointed by the Supervisory Board for a maximum term of fi ve years. They may be reappointed or their term be extended for a maximum of fi ve years in each case. At the moment, the contract signed with the sole member of the Management Board specifi es a term of three years. The appointment and reappointment of members requires a corresponding resolution by the Supervisory Board that principally has to be passed pursuant to the provisions of Section 84, AktG. The Supervisory Board may revoke the appointment of a Management Board member prior to the expiration of his or her term for good cause.

On 8 February 2018, the Supervisory Board resolved to appoint Jacopo Mingazzini as CEO of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG for another three years.

Amendment of the Articles of Association

In accordance with Section 179, AktG, any amendment to the Articles of Association requires a resolution by the General Meeting. This does not apply to amendments and additions to the Articles of Association that relate solely to their wording, the responsibility for which has been transferred to the Supervisory Board in accordance with Sec. 11, Art. 2, of the Articles of Association.

In accordance with Sec. 133 and 179, AktG, in conjunction with Sec. 13, Art. 3, of the Articles of Association, resolutions by the General Meeting on amendments to the Articles of Association require a simple majority of the votes cast and a simple majority of the share capital represented when the resolution is adopted, unless a larger majority is prescribed by law or the Articles of Association in a given case.

Capital Structure

Share Capital

The issued capital (share capital) of ACCENTRO AG amounted to EUR 32,431,047.00 as of 31 December 2018. It was composed of 32,431,047 no-par value bearer shares. There are no diff erent stock classes. At the start of the 2018 fi nancial year, the share capital amounted to EUR 24,924,903.00 and increased during the reporting period when the conversion rights from a convertible bond and ACCENTRO AG moved ahead with its cash capital increase.

Direct or Indirect Interests in the Company's Share Capital that Exceed 10% of its Voting Rights

On 30 November 2017, Brookline Real Estate S.à r.l. made a public announcement that it had taken control of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG pursuant to Sec. 35 , Art. 1, i.c.w. Sec. 29, Art. 2, and Sec. 30, Art. 1, German Act on Securities Acquisition and Takeovers (WpÜG). At the time ACCENTRO AG released its latest voting rights notifi cation, Brookline Real Estate S.à r.l. held more than 75% of the company stock.

Authorisation to Issue Bonds

In accordance with the resolution by the Annual General Meeting of 15 May 2018, the Management Board is also authorised, subject to the Supervisory Board's consent, to issue convertible bonds and/or warrant bonds or participation rights with or without conversion or subscription rights (also referred to collectively below as "bonds") over a total nominal amount of up to EUR 200,000,000.00 and with maturities of 20 years or less on one or more occasions up to and including 14 May 2023.

The bearers of bonds mentioned in the foregoing sentence can be granted conversion or subscription rights for up to 25,000,000 bearer shares of the Company with a proportionate share of the share capital in a total amount of EUR 25,000,000.00 or less. The conversion and subscription rights may be serviced from conditional capital resolved by the Annual General Meeting on 15 May 2018 or to be resolved by future Annual General Meetings from existing or future authorised capital and/or from a cash capital increase and/or from existing shares and/or may provide for a cash settlement instead of the delivery of shares. Whenever bonds are issued, shareholders are entitled to a statutory subscription right unless the subscription right is excluded in accordance with the provisions below.

The Management Board is authorised, subject to the Supervisory Board's consent, to exclude shareholders' statutory subscription rights in the following cases:

  • I. for fractional amounts arising from pre-emptive rights;
  • II. to off er convertible and/or warrant bonds and/or participation rights with conversion or preemptive rights for subscription to individual investors, provided that, in accordance with Sec. 186, Art. 3, Sent. 4, AktG, mutatis mutandis, the shares issued on account of these bonds do not exceed 10% of the existing share capital at the time this authorisation comes into effect or at the time of the resolution to exercise this authorisation, and provided further that the issue price of the bonds is not signifi cantly less than the hypothetical fair value of the bonds as calculated in line with recognised actuarial methods. The amount of 10% of the share capital must include the amount relating to shares issued or disposed of on the basis of a diff erent corresponding authorisation with pre-emption rights ruled out under direct or mutatis mutandis application of Sec. 186, Art. 3, Sent. 4, AktG, if such inclusion is required by law;
  • III. to offer subscription to individual investors provided that the issue price is not significantly less than the theoretical fair value of the profit participation certificates as calculated in line with recognised financial methods and provided that the profit participation certificates only have the characteristics of a debenture, i. e. if they do not constitute any shareholder rights in the Company, nor any conversion or pre-emption rights, do not grant any entitlement to the liquidation proceeds and if the amount of the interest yield is not based on the net profit for the period, balance sheet profit or dividend;
  • IV. to the extent that this is necessary, to grant bearers of conversion or pre-emption rights granted by the Company or companies in the Group to shares of the company pre-emption rights to bonds issued under this authorisation in the amount they would be entitled to after exercising their conversion or pre-emption rights or after satisfying any conversion obligation (dilution protection), or
  • V. if bonds are issued in exchange for non-cash contributions, particularly for the acquisition of companies, parts of companies and investments in companies, industrial property rights, such as patents, brands or licenses to these, or other product rights or other noncash contributions or bonds, convertible bonds and other fi nancial instruments, and the disapplication of subscription rights is mainly in the interests of the Company.

The Management Board is also responsible, with the approval of the Supervisory Board, for determining the further details of the issue and features of the bonds, including in particular the term, issue and exercise periods, termination, issue price, interest rate, denomination, adjustment of the subscription price and grounds for a conversion obligation.

Authorisation to Implement a 2017 Stock Option Program

Moreover, the Management Board was authorised through a resolution passed by the Annual General Meeting on 15 May 2017 to issue on one or more occasions before 14 May 2020 up to 1,800,000 options to current or new members of the board and the top tier management, which options entitle their bearers, subject to the options terms, to acquire new no-par value bearer shares in ACCENTRO Real Estate AG (2017 stock option program). To the extent that options are to be issued to members of the Company's Management Board, only the Supervisory Board is entitled to issue the options. The options issued under the 2017 stock option program can only be exercised within 10 years of the date on which they may be exercised for the fi rst time.

The Management Board of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG is authorised, assuming the Supervisory Board's consent—and the Supervisory Board alone being authorised if the Management Board itself is concerned—to specify the structural details of the 2017 stock option program. These include specifi cally:

  • I. defi ning the number of options issued to individual or groups of benefi ciaries,
  • II. regulating the handling of options in special cases (e. g. maternity/paternity leave or parental leave of a benefi ciary),
  • III. regulating other expiration reasons, exceptions to the expiration reasons, as well as the specifi c expiration rules,
  • IV. adjusting the share subscription/dilution protection in the context of corporate actions and conversion of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG,
  • V. specifi c issues concerning the departure of the benefi ciary,
  • VI. retirement or demise of the benefi ciary, etc.,
  • VII. the Company's possibilities for terminating the options, and
  • VIII. the proprietary investment of the benefi ciary in subscribed shares.

In the notes to the annual fi nancial statements or in the annual report, the Management Board must report on the utilization of the 2017 stock option program and the options granted to the benefi ciaries in this context for each fi nancial year in accordance with relevant statutory provisions. During the 2018 fi nancial year, the Management Board did not take advantage of its authorisation to use the 2017 stock option program.

Contingent Capital

Contingent Capital 2014 (Redemption of Convertible Bonds)

Further exercise of the conversion rights by bearers of convertible bonds initially reduced the Contingent Capital 2014 through the issuance of 5,393,031 no-par value shares down to EUR 4,894,395.00 during the 2018 fi nancial year.

Having received the Supervisory Board's consent on 16 February 2018, the Management Board cancelled all outstanding units of the 2014/2019 convertible bond as of 27 March 2018.

Shortly thereafter, on 15 May 2018, the Annual General Meeting resolved to cancel the remaining Contingent Capital 2014. The authorisation resolution of 27 February 2013 to issue convertible bonds and/or bonds with warrants and/or participation rights with conversion or subscription rights had expired on 26 February 2018. There were no outstanding conversion or subscription rights that had to be redeemed using this contingent capital.

Contingent Capital 2017 (Redemption of 2017 Stock Option Program)

To deliver on its stock option program, whose options are granted until 14 May 2020 based on the authorisation by the Annual General Meeting of 15 May 2017, the Company's share capital was increased by up to EUR 1,800,000.00 through the issuance of up to 1,800,000 new no-par-value bearer shares (Contingent Capital 2017). The Contingent Capital increase will go ahead only if bearers of the issued options exercise their right to subscribe shares of the Company, and if the Company draws on the Contingent Capital 2017 to settle these options.

Authorised Capital

Authorised Capital 2018

By resolution of the Annual General Meeting on 15 May 2018, the Authorised Capital 2015 was cancelled and replaced by new authorised capital, which authorises the Management Board, subject to the Supervisory Board's consent, to increase the share capital of the Company by a total of up to EUR 15,158,967.00 during a period ending 14 May 2023 by issuing new no-par value bearer shares on one or more occasions against contributions in cash and/or in kind (Authorised Capital 2018). While shareholders principally have a subscription right, it can be excluded in whole or in part with the Supervisory Board's consent. That said, the exclusion of the shareholders' subscription rights is permitted in the following instances only:

  • I. for capital increases against cash contributions if shares in the Company are traded on a stock market (regulated market or OTC or the successors to these segments), the shares issued do not exceed 10% of the share capital and the issue price of the new shares does not signifi cantly undercut the market price of shares in the Company of the same class and features already traded on the stock market within the meaning of Sec. 203, Art. 1 and 2, and Sec. 186, Art. 3, Sent. 4, AktG. The amount of 10% of the share capital must include the amount relating to shares issued or disposed during the eff ective period of this authorisation and until it is exercised on the basis of diff erent corresponding authorisations with pre-emptive rights ruled out under direct or implicit application of Sec. 186, Art. 3, Sent. 4, AktG, if such inclusion is required by law. For the purposes of this authorisation, the issue price for the purchase of new shares by an intermediary with the simultaneous obligation of such intermediary to off er the new shares for purchase by one or more third parties designated by the Company is deemed to be the amount that must be paid by the third party or third parties;
  • II. for capital increases against non-cash contributions, particularly for the acquisition of companies, parts of companies and investments in companies, industrial property rights, such as patents, brands or licenses to these, or other product rights or other non-cash contributions, including debenture bonds, convertible bonds and other fi nancial instruments;
  • III. to the extent required in order to grant holders or creditors of the debenture bonds with warrant or conversion rights or obligations issued by the Company or its Group companies subscription rights to new shares on the scale to which they would be entitled to these after exercising their option or conversion privileges or after having fulfi lled their warrant or conversion obligations; or
  • IV. for fractional amounts arising from subscription ratios.

The Management Board has also been authorised, with the Supervisory Board's consent, to determine the further content of share rights and the other details of the capital increase and its implementation, and to determine that the new shares in accordance with Sec. 186, Art. 5, AktG, must be assumed by a bank or a company operating pursuant to Sec. 53, Art. 1, Sent. 1 or Sec. 53b, Art. 1, Sent. 1 or Art. 7, German Banking Act (KWG), with the obligation of off ering them for subscription by shareholders.

The Supervisory Board was authorised to amend the Articles of Association to refl ect the respective scope of the share capital increase through the Authorised Capital 2018.

Transfer and Voting Right Restrictions

The shares of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG are not subject to any voting right restrictions in accordance with statutory provisions or the Articles of Association as of the balance sheet date. All shares issued as of 31 December 2018 carry full voting rights and each grant the holder one vote at the Annual General Meeting.

Share Buyback for Issuance of Employee Shares

With its notice of 20 November 2018 pursuant to Sec. 5, Art. 1, Letter a), Market Abuse Regulation (MAR), i.c.w. Sec. 2, Art. 1, Commission Delegated Regulation, the Company announced the start of a stock buyback program for the purpose of issuing free employee shares.

As part of this buyback program, the Company acquired 9,700 no-par value shares in the period from 26 November 2018 through 17 January 2019. The buy-backs were carried out via XETRA trading on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange under the management of a bank. The average purchase price was EUR 9.5862 per no-par-value share. Overall, the total consideration spent on shares amounted to EUR 92,986.14 (before transaction costs).

Impacts of Potential Takeover Bids

The Company is subject to the following signifi cant agreements that include provisions governing a change of control as could be brought about, for instance, by a takeover bid:

Financing Agreements

The ACCENTRO Group signed fi nancing agreements that include change-of-control provisions, which could come into play in the event of a successful takeover bid. These provisions stipulate that the borrower is obliged to notify the lender whenever a change of control has transpired. The lender may cite the change of control as good cause for terminating the credit relationship. By the reporting date, loans in an aggregate volume of EUR 86,961,000 were subject to change-of-control provisions. On occasion of the change of control that occurred on 30 November 2017, ACCENTRO Real Estate AG notifi ed the relevant lenders about the fact. None of the lenders have exercised their break option.

Convertible Bond

In addition to fi nancing agreements, the corporate bond 2018/2021 with an outstanding nominal value of EUR 100 million as at balance sheet date that was issued by ACCENTRO AG contains a change-of-control provision. Bondholders wishing to intervene have the option to demand early repayment of the bond at the price of 101% plus interest accrued on the principal amount.

ACCENTRO AG has not concluded any agreement that provides for the compensation of members of the Management Board or employees in the event of a takeover bid.

7 Corporate Governance Statement Pursuant to Sections 289f, 315d, German Commercial Code (HGB)

The Corporate Governance Statement pursuant to Sections 289f, 315d German Commercial Code (HGB) is published annually on the Company's homepage, and may be accessed via this hyperlink:

www.accentro.ag/en/investor-relations/corporate-governance/declaration-in-accordancewith-289f-hgb

8 Remuneration Report

The service contract with CEO Jacopo Mingazzini eff ective during the 2018 fi nancial year was signed for a three-year term. The contract was adjusted in March 2018.

The contract of Jacopo Mingazzini does not provide for an ordinary termination during the contract term. In the event of a change of control, however, the contract stipulates a break option.

The remuneration paid to the CEO consists of a fi xed annual basic remuneration and a variable bonus to be jointly defi ned by Management Board and Supervisory Board.

In addition, the CEO is granted a health insurance allowance, while an accident and disability insurance has also been taken out for him. The CEO moreover has the use of a company car, and ACCENTRO AG has taken out D&O and accident insurance policies on his behalf.

The following remuneration component as part of a long-term incentive plan was agreed between the main shareholder and the Management Board: On 3 July 2018, EMMALU GmbH announced its off -market acquisition of 272,851 shares in ACCENTRO AG. The company EMMALU GmbH is closely linked to ACCENTRO's CEO, Jacopo Mingazzini. The shares originated in the portfolio of ACCENTRO's main shareholder. Accordingly, this implies a transaction between the main shareholder and the CEO of ACCENTRO AG which is to be measured in accordance with IFRS 2 like a stock option at its fair value at the time it is granted and recognised as remuneration expense in the consolidated fi nancial statements of ACCENTRO AG throughout the lifetime of the option. The expense from this stock option compensation amounts to c. TEUR 1,200 over a term of 3 years, out of which total TEUR 135 had to be deferred in the 2018 fi nancial year.

The CEO has been granted neither pension commitments nor other retirement benefi ts. No arrangements for benefi ts upon early termination have been agreed with the CEO, except for a provision entitling the Company to release the CEO out of his duties during the statutory notice period and in the event of dismissal, subject to the continued payment of salary, and except for the CEO's right to demand immediate disbursement of the remuneration for the residual term in this case. The CEO's employment contract also prescribes a subsequent restraint on competition.

In addition to the reimbursement of their expenses, the members of the Supervisory Board receive a fi xed annual remuneration for each full fi nancial year they have served on the Supervisory Board.

For a detailed account of the total remuneration of the Management Board and Supervisory Board members and the individual compensation paid to the Management Board members, see the notes to the consolidated fi nancial statements and the Corporate Governance Report.

9 Closing Statement of the Management Board on the Dependency Report

The report on relations with affi liated companies pursuant to Sec. 312, AktG, includes the following closing statement by the Management Board:

"ACCENTRO Real Estate AG received appropriate consideration for the legal transactions listed in the report on relations with affi liated companies. ACCENTRO Real Estate AG has not been disadvantaged by measures taken or omitted at the instigation of, or in the interest of, the controlling company or any company affi liated with it.

This assessment is based on the circumstances known to us at the time of the reportable events."

Berlin, 14 March 2019

Jacopo Mingazzini Management Board

Consolidated Financial Statements

  • Consolidated Balance Sheet
  • Consolidated Income Statement
  • Consolidated Cash Flow Statement
  • Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
  • Notes
  • Responsibility Statement
  • Group Auditor's Report

Consolidated Balance Sheet

Notes 31 Dec. 2018 31 Dec. 2017
ACCENTRO Real Estate AG
Assets
TEUR TEUR
Non-current assets
Goodwill 5.1.1 17,776 17,776
Owner-occupied properties and buildings 5.1.2 23,366 0
Plant, equipment and EDP software 355 223
Non-current trade receivables 5.3 2,357 2,477
Non-current other receivables and other assets 5.1.3 28,814 0
Equity investments 5.1.6 4,231 1,247
Equity interests accounted for using the equity method 5.1.5 3,518 264
Deferred tax assets 5.10 692 193
Total non-current assets 22,179
Current assets
Inventory properties 5.2 345,241 304,027
Trade receivables 5.3 18,607 1,152
Other receivables and other current assets 5.3 12,709 11,568
Current income tax receivables 1,074 984
Cash and cash equivalents 5.4 15,464 7,875
Total current assets 393,096 325,605
Total assets
474,205

Consolidated Balance Sheet

Notes 31 Dec. 2018 31 Dec. 2017
ACCENTRO Real Estate AG
Equity
TEUR TEUR
Subscribed capital 5.5 32,431 24,925
Capital reserves 5.5 78,433 53,462
Retained earnings 5.5 86,284 73,576
Attributable to parent company shareholders 197,149 151,963
Attributable to non-controlling interest 1,956 1,734
Total equity 199,104 153,697
Liabilities TEUR TEUR
Non-current liabilities
Provisions 5.7 18 17
Financial liabilities 5.6 76,773 42,439
Bonds 5.6 98,561 0
Deferred income tax liabilities 5.10 1,080 969
Total non-current liabilities 176,431 43,426
Current liabilities
Provisions 5.7 843 2,271
Financial liabilities 5.6 54,357 86,882
Bonds 5.6 1,563 12,065
Advanced payments received 5.8 7,033 19,613
Current income tax liabilities 5.9 13,261 14,591
Trade payables 5.8 4,816 2,236
Other liabilities 5.8 16,798 13,005
Total current liabilities 98,669 150,662
Total equity and liabilities 474,205 347,785

Consolidated Income Statement

for the Financial Year Beginning on 1 January and Ending on 31 December 2018

ACCENTRO Real Estate AG Notes 1 Jan. 2018 –
31 Dec. 2018
1 Jan. 2017 –
31 Dec. 2017
TEUR TEUR
Revenues from sales of inventory properties 5.11 194,009 137,859
Expenses from sales of inventory properties 5.12 –160,924 –103,167
Capital gains from property sales 33,085 34,692
Letting revenues 5.11 8,806 7,769
Letting expenses 5.12 –2,676 –2,335
Net rental income 6,130 5,434
Revenues from services 2,794 1,714
Expenses from services 5.12 –511 –766
Net service income 2,282 947
Net income from companies accounted for using the
equity method
5.1.5 2 –14
Other operating income 5.15 1,663 3,260
Interim result 43,162 44,319
Total payroll and benefi t costs 5.13 –4,613 –3,339
Depreciation and amortisation of intangible assets and
property, plant and equipment
–349 –114
Impairments of inventories and accounts receivable 5.14 –205 0
Other operating expenses 5.15 –5,131 –4,465
EBIT (earnings before interest and income taxes) 32,864 36,401
Net income from equity investments 5.1.6 36 35
Interest income 944 304
Interest expenses –9,869 –9,107
Net interest income –8,924 –8,803
EBT (earnings before income taxes) 23,975 27,633
Income taxes 5.16 –5,675 –7,316
Earnings after taxes from discontinued operation 0 –197
Consolidated income 18,301 20,120
thereof attributable to non-controlling interests 103 –24
thereof attributable to shareholders of the parent company 18,197 20,144

Continued on page 65

Continued from page 64

Earnings per Share (Comprehensive Income) Notes 1 Jan. 2018 –
31 Dec. 2018
1 Jan. 2017 –
31 Dec. 2017
EUR EUR
unweighted
Basic net income
(32,431,047 shares; prior year: 24,924,903 shares)
5.17 0.56 0.81
weighted
Basic net income
(30,711,986 shares; prior year: 24,894,978 shares)
5.17 0.60 0.81
Diluted net income per share
(30,711,986 shares; prior year: 30,338,641 shares)
5.17 0.60 0.70

Consolidated Cash Flow Statement

for the Financial Year Beginning on 1 January and Ending on 31 December 2018

ACCENTRO Real Estate AG Notes 1 Jan. 2018 –
31 Dec. 2018
1 Jan. 2017 –
31 Dec. 2017
TEUR TEUR
Consolidated income 18,301 20,120
+ Depreciation / amortisation of non-current assets 349 114
– / + Net income from associates carried at equity / investment income –38 1,832
+ / – Increase / decrease in provisions –1,428 –759
+ / – Other non-cash expenses / income 18.149 9,766
– / + Increase / decrease in trade receivables and other assets that are not
attributable to investing or fi nancing activities
–18,131 –5,874
+ / – Increase / decrease in trade payables and other liabilities that are not
attributable to investing or fi nancing activities
–9,638 24,331
– / + Income from disposal of investment property 0 –35
– / + Gains / losses from disposals of subsidiaries 0 –327
+ / – Other income tax payments –8,299 –2,584
= Operating cash fl ow before de- /reinvestments in trading real estate portfolio 5.18 –735 46,583
– / + Cash investments in the trading real estate portfolio
(net after assumption of debt, some without cash eff ect)
5.18 –47,697 –71,783
= Cash fl ow from operating activities 5.18 –48,432 –25,200
thereof Continuing Operation –26,274
thereof Discontinued Operation 1,074
+ Proceeds from disposal of investment property (less costs of disposal) 0 5,119
+ Interest received 0 424
Cash outfl ows for investments in intangible assets –121 –5
Cash outfl ows for investments in property, plant and equipment –23,612 –116
Cash outfl ows for investments in investment properties 0 –181
Cash outfl ows for investments in non-current assets –9,689 –106
Disbursements of loans granted –17,867 0
+ Cash received from distributions / sales of shares consolidated at equity 86 4,200
+ Repayment of loans granted* 0 13,343
= Cash fl ow from investment activities 5.18 –51,204 22,679
thereof Continuing Operation 162
thereof Discontinued Operation 22,517

* Reclassifi cation of proceeds from granted loans from fi nancing activities to the cash fl ow from investment activities

Continued on page 67

Continued from page 66

ACCENTRO Real Estate AG Notes 1 Jan. 2018 –
31 Dec. 2018
1 Jan. 2017 –
31 Dec. 2017
TEUR TEUR
+ Payments made by shareholders 19,426 0
Dividend payments to shareholders –5,154 –3,731
+ Payments from issuing bonds and raising (fi nancial) loans 164,056 115,667
Repayment of bonds and (fi nancial) loans –62,447 –109,595
Interest paid –4,470 –6,771
+ Interest received 0 209
= Cash fl ow from fi nancing activities 5.18 111,410 –4,223
thereof Continuing Operation –4,248
thereof Discontinued Operation 25
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 11,774 –6,743
+ Increase in cash and cash equivalents from investments in
fully consolidated companies
5.18 2,716 0
Change in restricted cash and cash equivalents/adjustment of
cash and cash equivalents
5.18 1,091 –1,334
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents from the disposal of
fully consolidated companies
5.18 –6,659 –525
+ Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period 6,541 15,143
= Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period 15,464 6,541

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

for the Financial Year Beginning on 1 January and Ending on 31 December 2018

ACCENTRO Real Estate AG Subscribed
capital
Capital
reserve
Retained
earnings
Attributable
to parent
company
sharehol
ders
Non
controlling
interests
Total
TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR
As of 1 January 2018 24,925 53,462 73,576 1,734 153,696
Total consolidated income 18,197 18,197 103 18,301
Changes in non-controlling interests 118 118
Share purchases without change of status –334 –334 –334
Convertible bonds converted 5,393 7,375 12,768 12,768
Dividend payments –5,154 –5,154 –5,154
Cash capital increase 2,120 17,522 19,642 19,642
Stock option compensation 135 135 135
Repurchase of company shares –7 –60 –67 –67
As of 31 December 2018* 32,431 78,433 86,284 197,148 1,956 199,104

* Adding the values of the individual line items may result in slight diff erences compared to the sum totals posted.

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

for the Financial Year Beginning on 1 January and Ending on 31 December 2017

ACCENTRO Real Estate AG Subscribed
capital
Capital
reserve
Retained
earnings
Attributable
to parent
company
sharehol
ders
Non
controlling
interests
Total
TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR
As of 1 January 2017 24,734 53,180 57,164 135,078 1,758 136,836
Total consolidated income 20,144 20,144 –24 20,120
Convertible bonds converted 191 282 473 473
Dividend payments –3,731 –3,731 –3,731
As of 31 December 2017* 24,925 53,462 73,576 151,963 1,734 153,696

* Adding the values of the individual line items may result in slight diff erences compared to the sum totals posted.

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

  • 1 Basic Information
  • 2 Signifi cant Accounting Policies
  • 3 Capital and Financial Risk Management
  • 4 Estimates and Accounting Decisions at the Company's Discretion
  • 5 Supplementary Notes to the Individual Items of the Financial Statements
  • 6 Events After the Reporting Date
  • 7 Other Disclosures

1 Basic Information

ACCENTRO Real Estate AG with its subsidiaries is a listed real estate group whose core business consists in trading residential real estate within the framework of housing privatisations. The Company's registered offi ce is located at Uhlandstr. 165 in 10719 Berlin, Germany. The Company shares are listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange for trading on the Regulated Market (Prime Standard).

As of 31 December 2018, ACCENTRO Real Estate AG acts as the operating holding company for a number of property vehicles.

On 30 November 2017, Brookline Real Estate S.à r.l. made a public announcement that it had taken control of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG pursuant to Sec. 35 , Art. 1, i.c.w. Sec. 29, Art. 2, and Sec. 30, Art. 1, German Act on Securities Acquisition and Takeovers (WpÜG).

These consolidated fi nancial statements will probably be released for publication at the end of the Supervisory Board meeting on 14 March 2019.

All amounts in the notes and tables are quoted in thousands of euros (TEUR) unless stated otherwise. The functional currency is the EURO; there are no signifi cant foreign currency transactions. Both individual and total fi gures represent values with the smallest rounding diff erence. Accordingly, adding the values of the individual line items may result in minor diff erences compared to the sum totals posted.

2 Significant Accounting Policies

The following section details the accounting policies applied in preparing the consolidated fi nancial statements.

2.1 Principles

The consolidated fi nancial statements for the 2018 fi nancial year of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG were prepared in accordance with the international accounting standards in the form of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adopted and published by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) as required in the European Union for capital marketoriented companies.

The requirements of the IFRS whose application is mandatory in the EU were met in full and provide a true and fair account of the net assets, fi nancial position and results of operations of the ACCENTRO Group. In order to improve the clarity of presentation, some balance sheet items are presented in aggregated form. These items are discussed in the notes.

The fi nancial years of the parent company, its subsidiaries, and its associates coincide with the respective calendar years. The fi nancial statements of the subsidiaries are uniformly compiled according to the same accounting policies.

The income statement is compiled in accordance with the nature of expense method and includes industry-standard drilldowns.

It was decided not to include a statement of comprehensive income because there are no other eff ects recognised directly in equity that should be posted with the other comprehensive income.

The accounting methods employed in the consolidated fi nancial statements are the same as those on which the consolidated fi nancial statements of 31 December 2017 were based, except for certain changes elaborated below.

Accounting Guidance Applied for the First Time during the 2018 Financial Year

Adoption of the following new or amended accounting standards and interpretations became mandatory for the fi rst time in the IFRS consolidated fi nancial statements for the 2018 fi nancial year:

Standard / interpretation amended / new new
IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts with customers new/
amended
see below
IFRS 9 Financial instruments new/
amended
see below
IFRS 2 Clarifi cations of classifi cation and measurement of
share-based payment transactions
amended n/a
IAS 40 Classifi cation of property under construction amended n/a
IFRS 4 Application of IFRS 9 and IFRS 4 on insurance contracts amended n/a
IASB 2014-2016 Improvement process IFRS 1, IFRS 12 and IAS 28 amended no material
eff ects
IFRIC 22 Foreign currency transactions and advance
consideration
new n/a

IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers

IFRS 15 establishes a comprehensive framework for the recognition of revenue from contracts with customers, specifi cally the amount of, and the time at which, the revenues should be recognised. It takes the place of existing guidelines for the recognition of revenues, including IAS 18 Revenues, IAS 11 Construction Contracts, and IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes.

Due to the Group's business model, the initial introduction of IFRS 15 did not necessitate any adjustments to the fi nancial reporting of the ACCENTRO Group.

At present, ACCENTRO reports the invoiced operating costs and income from service charges on a net basis. In real estate accounting practice, the reporting of operating costs and income from service charges is currently the subject of intensive debate and in some respects subject to controversy. Separate disclosure of expenses and income from passed-on operating service charges would increase revenues and letting expenses by c. EUR 4.5 million. Based on its total revenues of EUR 205.6 million in the 2018 fi nancial year (item 5.11), revenues would increase by around 2%, yet ACCENTRO AG has decided to keep using its current accounting practice.

IFRS 9 – Financial Instruments

The fi rst-time application of IFRS 9 has no material eff ects on the net assets, fi nancial and earnings position of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG. Investments in equity instruments are principally measured at fair value, with realised changes in value being shown in other comprehensive income in accordance with IFRS 9.4.1.4. There were no such changes in value to be recognised in the 2018 fi nancial year. Due to the fact that ACCENTRO only works with banks of high credit worthiness (e.g. its cash in banks is deposited essentially with cooperative banks), no (imputed) value adjustments of bank balances were recognised. Due to the business model used in the line of apartment retailing, the revenue is realised on receipt of payment, which makes value adjustments and bad-debt losses insignifi cant for the business model. Therefore, the switch from incurred loss (IAS 39) to expected loss (IFRS 9) model has no material eff ects, with ACCENTRO employing the so-called simplifi ed value adjustment model in accordance with IFRS 9.5.5.15. In portfolio trading or in conjunction with larger real estate package sales, a credit period might be agreed, which would cause accounts receivable to be recognised as of the balance sheet date. Such receivables are collateralised by land charges and therefore similarly subject to a negligible default risk only.

Changes in the fair value of investments in equity instruments are recognised directly in equity because they serve the strategic purpose of privatisation rather than being acquired or sold in order to generate trading profi ts.

Accounting Guidance already Published but not yet Subject to Mandatory Adoption

No accounting standards were applied early. The following accounting standards that have been published or amended by the IASB and, in some cases, not yet endorsed by the European Union will only be required to be adopted during the preparation of future fi nancial statements—subject to their endorsement by the European Union. Unless stated otherwise, the ramifi cations for the ACCENTRO consolidated fi nancial statements are currently under review.

Standard / interpretation Application
mandatory for
ACCENTRO AG
Adoption
by the EU
Prospective
eff ects
IFRS 16 Leasing 1 January 2019 yes no material eff ects
anticipated; see below
IFRIC 23 Interpretation concerning the
accounting for uncertainties in
income taxes
1 January 2019 yes none
IAS 28 Long-term equity investments in
associates and joint ventures
1 January 2019 no none
IFRS 9 Prepayment features with negative
compensation
1 January 2019 yes none

IFRS 16 – Leasing

IFRS 16 eliminates the previous distinction in the balance sheet recognition between operating and fi nance leases for the lessee. The lessee recognises for all leases a right to use an asset and a lease liability. The right of use is written down over the lease term in accordance with the regulations for intangible assets. The lease liability is accounted for in accordance with the provisions for fi nancial instruments in accordance with IFRS 9. In future, the presentation in the income statement will for all lease and leasehold relationships be shown as write-downs on the right of use and interest from the liability. Expenses for operating leases were allocated on a straight-line basis. For short-term leases and leased assets of low value, accounting requirements are relaxed. The disclosures in the notes will be expanded and should enable the addressee to assess the amount, timing and uncertainties in the context of leasing agreements. In line with its business model, the ACCENTRO Group does not enter into any major medium- or long-term rental/lease agreements as tenant or lessee. The other fi nancial obligations in 2018, which are identifi ed in item 5.19, amount to a total of c. TEUR 503 and mainly represent the rent for the business premises. In future, the application of IFRS 16 will lead to an increase in leasing liabilities and to the disclosure of rights of use of a maximum of TEUR 500 each, as well as to the annual depreciation of TEUR 150 at a maximum. Lease payments are recognised in cash fl ow from fi nancing activities. We assume that the fi rst-time adoption of IFRS 16 will have no eff ects on profi t.

2.2 Consolidation

a) Principles for Determining the Entities to be Included in Consolidation

The consolidated fi nancial statements present the parent Company, ACCENTRO Real Estate AG, and the subsidiaries that it controls and that are included in the basis of consolidation as one economic entity (IFRS 10).

A controlling interest in a subsidiary is given whenever ACCENTRO Real Estate AG benefi ts from variable returns from its commitment in the company or is entitled to such returns and has the power to control the returns through its decision-making authority over the company. Whether or not ACCENTRO Real Estate AG has decision-making authority over a given company is determined on the basis of that company's relevant activities and the infl uencing competencies of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG. The assessment considers voting rights as well as other contractual rights to control relevant activities, provided no economic or other obstacles stand in the way of exercising the existing rights. Decision-making authority based on voting rights is vested in ACCENTRO Real Estate AG if the latter holds, due to equity instruments or contractual agreements, more than 50% of the voting rights and if this share of the voting rights comes with robust decision-making authority in regard to the relevant activities. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated as of the date on which the Group acquires a controlling interest in the respective company. They are subject to fi nal consolidation whenever the control ceases.

Subsidiaries also principally include structured entities that are controlled by ACCENTRO Real Estate AG. Structured entities are entities where the assessment of control is dominated by factors other than voting rights or similar rights. There are currently two structured entities that the Group factually controls without having a voting rights majority. These represent property vehicles whose privatisation process and fi nancing arrangements were supervised and controlled by the ACCENTRO Group, so that the ACCENTRO Group participated defi nitively in variable returns.

b) Subsidiaries

All the subsidiaries of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG are included in the consolidated fi nancial statements. For a list of the companies included in the consolidation, please see section 2.2e. All the subsidiaries were fully consolidated and are included in the consolidated fi nancial statements of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG.

Acquired companies are recognised using the purchase method pursuant to IFRS 3 whenever the acquired company represents a business operation. In case the acquired company does not represent a business operation, it is consolidated pursuant to IFRS 10 as an acquisition of assets and liabilities. The decisive criterion for the qualifi cation of an acquired company as a business operation is usually the question of whether human resources will be taken over.

Interests in the subsidiary's equity that are held by other partners are recognised with the Group's equity as shares without controlling infl uence, unless they represent shares in consolidated trading partnerships held by outside shareholders. Non-controlling ownership interests in subsidiaries and the resulting profi ts or losses as well as the summarised fi nancial information of subsidiaries with signifi cant but non-controlling interests are disclosed in section 5.1.4.

The recognition and measurement methods of subsidiaries are applied uniformly throughout the Group while expenses, income, liabilities and capital are consolidated.

c) Joint Ventures

Joint arrangements (IFRS 11) are based on contractual agreements between two or more parties, and serve in turn as basis for a business activity that is subject to joint control by these parties. Joint control is established whenever the parties need to cooperate in order to control the relevant activities of the joint arrangement, and whenever decisions require the unanimous consent of the participating parties. In a joint arrangement taking the form of a joint venture, the parties that exercise joint control have rights to the net assets of the arrangement and obligations for the liabilities thereof.

The consolidated fi nancial statements of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG include six joint ventures (previous year: two) which are accounted for using the equity method pursuant to IAS 28.

d) Associates

Associates are entities over which ACCENTRO Real Estate AG has signifi cant but not controlling infl uence, be it directly or indirectly through subsidiaries. The term "signifi cant infl uence" refers to the power to participate in the fi nancial and operating policy decisions of another entity without controlling it. Signifi cant infl uence principally exists if ACCENTRO Real Estate AG in its role as investor holds at least 20% of the entity's voting rights, be it directly or indirectly through subsidiaries.

Investments in associates and joint ventures that are of signifi cance for the Group's assets, fi nancial and earnings position are taken into account in the consolidated fi nancial statements using the equity method. Disclosures on the risks associated with the interests that ACCENTRO Real Estate AG holds in joint ventures and associates are included along with summarised fi nancial information on these entities in section 5.1.5. The summarised fi nancial information for joint ventures and associates that are, on an individual basis, immaterial are presented in aggregate form.

ACCENTRO Real Estate AG invests in joint ventures or associates primarily for operational reasons. The idea is often to acquire a stake in a housing privatisation process. Given the analogy to the Company's primary operating activities, the result from at-equity investments is allocated to the cash fl ow from operations while the at-equity earnings are included in EBIT.

Starting in 2018, the recognition and measurement methods will be adjusted to uniform Group accounting and valuation methods in conjunction with the at-equity consolidation. This includes, inter alia, the capitalisation of borrowing costs for project developments tied up in associates.

e) Consolidated Group

The consolidated Group changed as follows since 31 December 2017:

No. of Subsidiaries Joint
ventures
Associates
As of 1 January 28 2 2
Acquisitions 3 6
Start-ups 8
Mergers/amalgamations/deletions –1 –2
Dispositions 9
As of 31 December 29 8 0

In January 2018, a 75% partnership interest in the subgroup ACCENTRO Gehrensee GmbH including fi ve subsidiaries was sold. The latter owns a property of around 41,500 m² in Berlin's Lichtenberg borough. The shares were purchased by a Berlin-based property developer, with whom the project is to be jointly continued and developed further. The company was renamed Belle Époque Quartier Gehrensee GmbH.

In addition, the equity interests in three subsidiaries (property holding companies) were sold in 2018.

The following list shows the companies included in the consolidated Group in addition to ACCENTRO Real Estate AG.

Company Domicile 31 Dec. 2018
Interest in
net assets
(in %)*
31 Dec. 2017
Interest in
net assets
(in %)*
ESTAVIS Wohneigentum GmbH** Berlin 100% 100%
ESTAVIS 43. Wohnen GmbH & Co. KG Berlin 100% 100%
ACCENTRO GmbH (Vermittlungsdienstleistungen)** Berlin 100% 100%
ACCENTRO Wohneigentum GmbH** Berlin 100% 100%
ACCENTRO 5.Wohneigentum GmbH** Berlin 100% 100%
MBG 2. Sachsen Wohnen GmbH** Berlin 100% 100%
ACCENTRO Verwaltungs GmbH** Berlin 100% 100%
Koppenstraße Wohneigentum GmbH** Berlin 100% 100%
ACCENTRO 2. Wohneigentum GmbH** Berlin 100% 100%
ACCENTRO 6. Wohneigentum GmbH** Berlin 100% 100%
ACCENTRO Sachsen GmbH
(formerly ACCENTRO 8. Wohneigentum GmbH)**
Berlin 100% 100%
Quartier Hasenheide GmbH** Berlin 100% 100%
ACCENTRO 11. Wohneigentum GmbH** Berlin 100% 100%
Phoenix F1 Neubrandenburgstrasse GmbH** Erlangen 100% 94.9%
Riehmers Hofgarten Grundbesitz GmbH
(formerly ACCENTRO 13. Wohneigentum GmbH)**
Berlin 100% 100%
Riehmers Dachgeschoss Grundbesitz GmbH
(formerly ACCENTRO 14. Wohneigentum GmbH,
set up in Q2 2018)**
Berlin 100%
Kantstraße 44, 45 Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH
(formerly ACCENTRO 15. Wohneigentum GmbH,
set up in Q2 2018)**
Berlin 100%
ACCENTRO 16. Wohneigentum GmbH
(set up in Q2 2018)
Berlin 100%
ACCENTRO 17. Wohneigentum GmbH
(set up in Q3 2018)
Berlin 100%
ACCENTRO 18. Wohneigentum GmbH
(set up in Q3 2018)
Berlin 100%
ACCENTRO 19. Wohneigentum GmbH
(set up in Q3 2018)
Berlin 100%

List of Equity Interests in Subsidiaries in Which Either ACCENTRO Real Estate AG or One of Its Subsidiaries Holds a Majority of the Capital Shares

* The disclosures in this table comply with the provisions of the German Commercial Code (HGB).

** The company takes advantage of the exemption pursuant to Sec. 264 Art. 3, German Commercial Code (HGB) (preparation, disclosure and audit).

List of Equity Interests in Subsidiaries in Which Either ACCENTRO Real Estate AG or One of Its Subsidiaries Holds a Majority of the Capital Shares

Company Domicile 31 Dec. 2018
Interest in
net assets
(in %)*
31 Dec. 2017
Interest in
net assets
(in %)*
Subsidiaries with Non-Controlling Interests
Uhlandstraße 79 Immobilien GmbH Berlin 50%
+ 1 vote
50%
+ 1 vote
ESTAVIS Beteiligungs GmbH & Co. KG Berlin 94% 94%
Kantstraße 130b/Leibnizstraße 36, 36a GbR Berlin 38.40% 38.40%
Kantstraße 130b/Leibnizstraße 36, 36a Immobilien
Gesellschaft mbH
Berlin 40.80% 40.80%
Johanniterstr. 3-6 Liegenschaften GmbH
(formerly Laxpan Six GmbH, acquired in Q1 2018)**
Berlin 80%
ACCENTRO Rhein-Ruhr GmbH
(set up in Q4 2018)
Oberhausen 75%
ACCENTRO 2. Sachsen GmbH
(set up in Q3 2018)
Berlin 49.9%
GeSoNa Verwaltungs GmbH & Co. KG Hermannstraße KG Berlin 69.8%
GeSoNa Verwaltungs GmbH Berlin 64.2%
Companies Derecognised during the Financial Year
ACCENTRO 12. Wohneigentum GmbH Berlin 0% 100%
ACCENTRO 3. Wohneigentum GmbH Berlin 0% 100%
ACCENTRO 10. Wohneigentum GmbH Berlin 0% 100%
ACCENTRO Gehrensee GmbH Berlin 25% 100%

* The disclosures in this table comply with the provisions of the German Commercial Code (HGB).

** The company takes advantage of the exemption pursuant to Sec. 264 Art. 3, German Commercial Code (HGB) (preparation, disclosure and audit).

Company Domicile 31 Dec. 2018
Interest in
net assets
(in %)
31 Dec. 2017
Interest in
net assets
(in %)
Wohneigentum Berlin GbR (joint venture) Berlin 33.33% 33.33%
Urbanstraße 5 Projekt GmbH (joint venture) Berlin 49% 49%
Havelländer Rosenensemble GmbH
(acquired in Q2 2018, joint venture)
44%
Gutshof Dahlewitz 1 GmbH (formerly Berner Group Blanko 4
GmbH, acquired in Q3 2018, joint venture)
44%
Gutshof Dahlewitz 2 GmbH (formerly Berner Group Blanko 5
GmbH, acquired in Q3 2018, joint venture)
Berlin 44%
Belle Époque Quartier Gehrensee GmbH (formerly
ACCENTRO Gehrensee GmbH, joint venture)
Berlin 25% 100%

List of Equity Interests Accounted for Using the Equity Method

* For explanatory notes, see item 5.1.5

2.3 Segment Reporting

The internal reporting to the ACCENTRO Real Estate AG Management Board, which is the highest management body as defi ned by IFRS (management approach) includes no drilldowns by regions or segments. The Group only deals in property located in Germany. Therefore, no geographical segmentation has been undertaken. Although individual sales could generate the equivalent of 10% of the sales proceeds of a fi nancial year with a single customer (as was the case, for example, with the sale of the so-called Gehrensee portfolio in 2018), this would not constitute a dependence within the meaning of IFRS 8.

2.4 Fair Value

Under IFRS 13, fair value is defi ned as the price at which an asset could be exchanged within the framework of an arm's-length transaction between knowledgeable, willing and independent market participants under current market conditions at the measurement date. The fair value may be determined using either the market-based approach, the cost-based approach, or the income-based approach. The fair value measurement maximises the use of defi nitive observable market-based inputs while minimising the use of unobservable inputs.

The measurement hierarchy divides into the following levels of inputs:

  • Level 1: Quoted (unadjusted) prices on active markets for identical assets and liabilities, assuming the entity has access to these active markets at the measurement date (IFRS 13 – Appendix A, IFRS 13.76)
  • Level 2: Directly or indirectly observable inputs not included within Level 1 (IFRS 13 – Appendix A, IFRS 13.81)
  • Level 3: Unobservable inputs (IFRS 13 Appendix A, IFRS 13.86)

If the various inputs are categorised into diff erent levels of the fair value hierarchy, they are broken up into signifi cant and insignifi cant inputs in the fi rst step of the measurement process. Next, the fair value measurement is categorised in its entirety on the level of the lowest level input that is signifi cant to the entire measurement (IFRS 13.73 ff .).

2.5 Impairment of Assets

The goodwill is reviewed at least once a year, and moreover whenever events or indicators suggest a possible impairment. Owner-occupied properties and buildings, other plant and equipment and intangible assets that are subject to depreciation or amortisation are tested for impairments whenever events or indicators suggest that their carrying value may not be recoverable. Impairment losses are recognised in the amount by which the carrying value of an asset exceeds its recoverable amount. The latter corresponds to the higher amount, derived from the fair value of the asset less the costs of disposal, and the discounted net cash fl ow from its continued use (value in use). In order to determine impairment, assets are combined at the lowest level to form cash-generating units for which cash fl ows can be identifi ed largely independently from the rest of the company. Goodwill impairment is determined at the level of the cash generating unit to which the respective goodwill is allocated.

If the reasons for impairment no longer apply, impairment losses can be reversed up to a maximum of the amortised cost of the respective asset. Goodwill impairment losses may not be reversed.

2.6 Owner-Occupied Properties and Buildings

Plots and buildings are recognised at cost value or production costs less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Subsequent acquisition costs are recognised whenever economic benefi ts associated with property, plant or equipment are likely to accrue for the Group in the future. Scheduled straight-line depreciation is based on the estimated useful lives of the assets. The useful life of the offi ce building is assumed to be 33 years. Depreciation is recognised in the consolidated income statement. The carrying amounts of property, plant and equipment are checked for impairment whenever there is an indication that the carrying amount of an asset may exceed its recoverable amount.

2.7 Financial Instruments

2.7.1 Financial Assets

Acquisitions and dispositions of fi nancial assets are aggregated as of the settlement date. These are recognised at their fair value at the time added while taking directly attributable transaction costs into account, unless they are recognised in income at fair value. The ACCENTRO Group currently only recognises loans and receivables that are measured at cost. Changes in the fair value of any fi nancial assets carried at fair value (in particular investments) are recognised directly in equity with no eff ect on net income. Dividends, on the other hand, are recognised at profi t or loss.

ACCENTRO uses the so-called simplifi ed impairment model in accordance with IFRS 9.5.5.15 and always calculates the impairment loss in the amount of the expected credit losses over the entire lifetime, taking into account collateral (e.g. in the case of sold real estate assets the outstanding land register transfer). As soon as it becomes apparent that a rental claim is uncollectable, the full amount will be derecognised in the income statement.

If the reasons for an impairment cease to apply, either in full or in part, the impairment is reversed up to a maximum of the amortised cost of the receivable and the amount of the reversal is recognised in income.

2.7.2 Financial Liabilities

On fi rst-time recognition, fi nancial liabilities other than derivatives are recognised at fair value less transaction costs. In subsequent periods, they are carried at amortised cost. Any diff erences between the amount disbursed (net transaction costs) and the settlement amount are recognised in income over the term of the respective liability in accordance with the eff ective interest method.

Financial liabilities are classifi ed as current if the Group does not have the unconditional right to settle the liability at a date that lies at least twelve months after the balance sheet date.

For the purpose of calculating the fair value, the expected future cash fl ow is discounted on the basis of a maturity-matched market interest rate. The individual features of the fi nancial instruments being measured are taken into account using standard credit and liquidity spreads.

2.8 Inventory Properties

The inventories of the ACCENTRO Group consist of real estate acquired for resale. Initial recognition is measured at the acquisition costs or construction costs, as the case may be. For the purpose of subsequent valuations, inventory properties are carried at cost value or net realisable value, whichever is lower. The cost includes the purchase price for the respective properties plus directly attributable expenses, such as brokerage fees, real property transfer taxes, notaries' fees and land register costs. Refurbishment costs that result in a material improvement in the marketability of the properties are capitalised. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. In the context of share deal transactions, the acquisition costs are determined individually by increasing the purchase price of the shares by the additional net assets.

From time to time, the condominium retailing business necessitates a breakdown of the acquisition costs incurred by each fl at during the property retailing process. The breakdown of the acquisition costs determines the gross profi t resulting from the disposal of a given fl at. The purchase price is broken down on the basis of the anticipated relative retail prices, the expectation being that the breakdown will show a constant margin for the fl ats. Accordingly, if a residential complex is acquired at a total consideration, the apartments with the highest expected selling price in absolute terms are allocated the relatively highest share of the acquisition costs.

2.9 Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are recognised at cost. For the purposes of the cash fl ow statement, cash and cash equivalents are composed of cash on hand, sight deposits placed with banks, and other short-term, highly liquid investments with a remaining term of no more than three months at the time of acquisition. Earmarked funds, e.g. purchase price portions that may only be used to repay loan obligations, are not included in cash and cash equivalents but are recognised under other receivables and other current assets.

2.10 Provisions

Provisions are recognised if the Company has a current legal or constructive obligation based on events in the past, if settlement of the obligation is likely to require an outfl ow of resources, and if the amount of the obligation can be reliably estimated. If the Company expects the reimbursement of an amount for which a provision has been recognised (e. g. under an insurance policy), it must record the right to reimbursement as a separate asset, providing that reimbursement is eff ectively guaranteed in the event that a claim is actually asserted on the respective obligation.

The Company recognises a provision for unprofi table business if the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligation under the respective contract are greater than the expected benefi ts from the contractual claim.

Provisions are measured at the amount of the probable outfl ow of resources. The measurement of non-current provisions includes the discounting at a risk-adequate interest rate.

2.11 Deferred Taxes

Deferred taxes are recognised in accordance with the liability method for temporary diff erences between the tax value and the IFRS book value of assets and liabilities, as well as for unused tax loss carryforwards. Deferred taxes are calculated by applying the rate that is expected to be in eff ect when the temporary diff erence is reversed in accordance with the information available at the end of the respective reporting period.

Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable income will be available against which temporary diff erences or tax loss carryforwards can be utilised.

Changes in deferred tax items are recognised in income. Exceptions to this include the addition in equity of deferred tax items as part of the purchase price allocation of company acquisitions and deferred tax items in connection with changes in value recognised as other comprehensive income, which are also recognised under "Other comprehensive income" in future.

2.12 Revenue Recognition

Given the nature of the business model, privatisation usually involves a single performance obligation under IFRS 15. The revenues from privatisation includes the amount invoiced for the sale of real estate held as inventory assets and is recognised upon transfer of control. This is generally the case when possession, benefi ts, duties and risks associated with the property are transferred (e.g. public safety requirements). In the case of the sale of specialpurpose entities, this date is generally the date on which the transfer of the shares in the respective entity is completed. In some cases, obligations to carry out subsequent renovation or improvement work are negotiated as part of a given sale. Such cases involve a separable performance obligation, which is not realised until it has been fulfi lled.

Rental income is recognised on an accrual basis in accordance with the terms of the underlying contracts. Rental income is recognised among revenues. The incidental expenses invoiced to tenants are off set against the corresponding expenses as the allocable expenses are considered to have been advanced in the interest of the tenants.

Interest income is recognised on a time proportion basis that takes into account the outstanding liability and the eff ective yield over the remaining term.

2.13 Brokerage Commission

Commissions for brokering an actual business contract are recognised by the Group as an expense whenever the brokered transaction has been fulfi lled. Any commission paid before this time is reported contract costs among the miscellaneous receivables.

2.14 Leases

All leases signed within the Group are structured as operating leases. The operating leases entered into involve motor vehicles, some offi ce and business equipment, and business premises. These leases do not contain purchase options. Leases for offi ce space contain extension options at standard market conditions. Payments made in connection with operating leases (less incentive payments by the lessor) are recognised in the income statement on a straightline basis over the term of the lease.

The Group acts as a lessor in connection with the leasing of properties. These agreements are classifi ed as operating leases:

2.15 Residual Interests and Dividend Distributions

ACCENTRO Real Estate AG includes subsidiaries in the legal form of partnerships in which it holds minority interests in its Group accounts. The partner position that the Group holds through these minority interests must be recognised in the Group accounts under IAS 32 as debt due to their statutory right to termination that cannot be contracted away. When these liabilities arise, they are measured at the present value of the partner's compensation claim. This is generally the amount of the partner's capital contribution. The liability is subsequently carried forward with the result distribution taken into account. The change in liability is recognised in the income statement unless it is based on capital contributions and withdrawals. If the adjustment results in a notional claim from the partner, it must be suspended until it would result in a liability against the partner again.

For corporations within the Group, liabilities for distributions to shareholders are only recognised in the period in which the corresponding resolution on the appropriation of net retained profi ts is adopted by the Annual General Meeting.

2.16 Cash Flow Statement

The cash fl ow statement shows the development of the Group's cash fl ows during the fi nancial year. The consolidated fi nancial statement uses the indirect method for a breakdown of the cash fl ow, with non-cash items deducted and cash items added to the consolidated income. The cash fl ow statement represents the cash fl ows from operating activities, from the investing activities, and from the fi nancing activities.

3 Capital and Financial Risk Management

Using its capital management, ACCENTRO Real Estate AG pursues the goal of sustainably strengthening the Group's liquidity and equity basis, providing funds for the Group's equityfi nanced growth and generating an appropriate return on capital employed. In the context of the ACCENTRO Group's property-related business activities, purchasing volumes are fi nanced as far as possible by debt capital in line with tax considerations as long as the relatively favourable refi nancing situation persists. The Group's accounting equity acts as a passive control criterion. The active control variables are revenues and EBIT.

Once a quarter, and ahead of large-scale transactions, the risk management department reviews the Group's capital structure. To this end, the cost of capital and the threat associated with each class of capital is taken into account. In order to satisfy the banking industry standards of the external capital requirements, the accounting ratios are regularly updated. These include principal repayment ratios for each asset, loan-to-value ratios, as well as contractually agreed balance relations and success relations.

Financial risk management (see also the elaborations in the Group management report) describes the management and limitation of the fi nancial risks resulting from the Group's operating activities. Particular risks include the liquidity risk (avoiding disruptions to solvency) and risk of default (risk of a loss if one contractual party fails to meet its contractual obligations).

Responsibility for the liquidity risk management lies with the Management Board, which has established an appropriate system for controlling short, medium and long-term fi nance and liquidity requirements. The Group controls liquidity risks by maintaining appropriate liquid funds, credit lines with banks and other facilities as well as constant monitoring of forecast and actual cash fl ows as part of ongoing, rolling liquidity controlling and by coordinating the maturity profi les of fi nancial assets and liabilities.

In order to avoid risks of default, the Group only enters into sales relationships with parties of sound creditworthiness. In order to further limit default risk, ownership of sold properties is generally not transferred to the buyer until the purchase price has been paid into an escrow account.

4 Estimates and Accounting Decisions at the Company's Discretion

In preparing the consolidated fi nancial statements, the Company uses forward-looking estimates and assumptions based on the conditions prevailing by the balance sheet date. The estimates thus obtained may deviate from the actual events going forward.

The following estimates were used for the recognition, measurement and disclosure of balance sheet items:

  • When classifying fi nancial liabilities as current or non-current, the latest corporate planning is used to analyse which liabilities are expected to be repaid within the next twelve months and should therefore be reported as current liabilities.
  • In estimating the net selling prices of properties held for trading, the calculation of realistic selling prices is subject to considerable uncertainty. Selling prices are estimated on the basis of the assessed attractiveness of micro-environments and the anticipated trend in purchasing power. The range of sales prices obviously depends on the location of a given trading property. The adequacy of a certain price and thus of the amount posted in the balance sheet are periodically reviewed and adjusted as needed.
  • There are a range of estimates as to possible future expenses to the Group in the context of the recognition of provisions.
  • Current and deferred taxes are necessarily recognised on the basis of estimates. Since the proper interpretation of complex tax issues is far from clear, diff erences between actual results and the assumptions or the future changes in the estimates may lead to changes in tax results in future periods.
  • To the extent that ACCENTRO invests in companies whose accounts were not yet fi nalised by the balance sheet date or unavailable for a more detailed insight, the best possible estimate is made to ensure uniform recognition and measurement methods.
  • The assessment of whether loans to associates are classifi ed as a fi nancial instrument to be separately recognised in accordance with IFRS 9 due to their structure (expected loss model), or whether they follow the rules for assets accounted for using the equity method in accordance with IAS 28.38 (incurred loss model).

Concerning the fi nancial reporting and valuation rules, ACCENTRO Real Estate AG made the following discretionary decisions concerning the basis of its accounts presentation:

  • Whenever real estate packages are added or sold, it is up to the Company to decide whether this involves the acquisition or disposal, respectively, of a business operation.
  • The initial recognition of fi nancial instruments (IFRS 9) calls for a decision as to which of the three measurement categories they are to be allocated to: recognised in income at fair value, recognised in equity at fair value (OCI) or recognised at amortised cost.
  • The companies Kantstraße 130b/Leibnizstraße 36, 36a GbR and Kantstraße 130b/Leibnizstraße 36, 36a Immobilien Gesellschaft mbH are itemised as Group subsidiaries under 5.1.4 although the Group only holds minority stakes of 38% and 41%, respectively, because the Group controls the key operating decisions and defi nitively participates in the returns through fi nancing arrangements and marketing agreements.
  • IFRS 5.32.c does not regularly apply to inventories acquired by way of a share deal, as the intention to resell is not tied to the legal structure but to the underlying portfolio of inventory properties.
  • The quality of restraints on disposal must be assessed with regard to their eff ect on the classifi cation as cash and cash equivalents. If restraints on disposal on the part of the banks restrict the free disposition of funds, they are removed from the cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet and/or in the cash fl ow statement.

Whenever errors in the accounting estimates and in the fair value measurements become apparent during the reporting periods following the balance sheet date, the provisions of IAS 8 apply. Accordingly, material omissions or misstatements are retroactively corrected for all prior reporting periods aff ected up to the current period's fi nancial statement whenever they could impact the economic decisions that the recipients of the statements may have made on the basis of the fi nancial statement.

5 Supplementary Notes to the Individual Items of the Financial Statements

5.1 Statement of Changes in Non-current Assets

5.1.1 Goodwill

The Company's goodwill was created by company acquisitions in the trading business during the 2007 and 2008 fi nancial years. The recoverability of the goodwill was derived from arm's length transactions (IFRS 13.24) using the model of the fair value less costs of disposal (IAS 36.6), specifi cally from the acquisition of the majority of shares in ACCENTRO Real Estate AG by Brookline Real Estate S.à r.l. toward the end of the previous year, and which refers almost exclusively to the "Trade" cash generating unit.

Accordingly, the use of a valuation method that was closer to the market made it unnecessary to apply the discounted cash fl ow method, so that no disclosures (e. g. disclosure of capitalisation interest) were made in the notes to the fi nancial statements. In 2016, 2017 and 2018, ACCENTRO also generated a substantial income from its trading business and intends to achieve equally high profi t contributions in the years to come to ensure that the intrinsic value of the goodwill is supported by the Company's economic development.

5.1.2 Owner-Occupied Properties and Buildings

A subsidiary of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG acquired an offi ce building in Berlin-Charlottenburg for the price of EUR 22 million plus incidental costs during the third quarter of 2018. The main part of the building with an overall fl oor area of around 2,900 square metres will be redeveloped and occupied by ACCENTRO as its new head offi ce at some point in the future. To this end, the lease agreements with the incumbent tenants were either terminated or not renewed.

The property is recognised as property, plant and equipment in accordance with IAS 16 and valued at initial cost including incidental costs for notary fees and real estate transfer tax. The scheduled depreciation is measured for a period of 33 years using the straight-line method.

In addition, one unit reported under inventory assets in the previous year was reclassifi ed for owner-occupancy and also depreciated over a 33-year period using the straight-line method.

The acquisition costs and incidental costs are allocated to the acquired plot and building as follows according to their appraised fair values:

31 December 2018 Owner-occupied
plots
Owner-occupied
buildings
Total
TEUR TEUR TEUR
Initial costs
Beginning of period 0 0 0
Additions 9,686 13,737 23,423
Disposals 0 0 0
Transfer items 0 117 117
End of period 9,686 13,854 23,540
Accumulated amortisation
Beginning of period 0 0 0
Additions 0 173 173
Disposals 0 0 0
End of period 0 173 173
Depreciated book value 9,686 13,681 23,366

5.1.3 Long-Term Trade Receivables, Other Receivables and Other Assets

Gathered in this item are various loans and fi nancial assets. Specifi cally, the item breaks down into loans to companies included at equity in ACCENTRO's consolidated fi nancial statements as associates in the amount of TEUR 14,859, loans to companies with which ACCENTRO is linked via marketing agreements in the amount of TEUR 10,140, loans in the amount of TEUR 3,345 to entities in which the Company holds equity interests and corporate investments with a percentage interest of 5% in the amount of TEUR 496.

31 Dec. 2018 31 Dec. 2017
TEUR TEUR
Long-term trade receivables
Purchase price receivables 2,357 2,477
Non-current other receivables and assets
Subordinated loan to the associate
Belle Époque Quartier Gehrensee GmbH
10,159 0
Loan to, and deferred interest receivable from,
a sales order in Potsdam
10,140 0
Subordinated loan to HRP Hamburg Residential GmbH 3,345 0
Loan to the associate Havelländer Rosenensemble 3,120 0
Loan to the associates Dahlewitz Projektgesellschaften 1,581 0
Equity interest (5.1%) in HRP Hamburg Residental GmbH 496 0
Total of non-current other receivables and other assets 28,814 0

The long-term trade receivables include a purchase price receivable due for payment at least by March 2020 from the sale of an inventory property yet to be developed (carrying amount as of 31 December 2018: TEUR 2,357; previous year: TEUR 2,477). The receivable is secured by the assignment of future purchase price claims unless these have already been granted as collateral to other lenders with seniority.

Included among the other receivables is a junior mezzanine loan to the associate Belle Époque Quartier Gehrensee GmbH over TEUR 10,159 with an interest rate of 10%. The loan and interest claim in connection with a sales order in Potsdam is subject to an interest rate of 7.5%, with shares and the open advance assignment of claims from shareholder loans pledged as collateral, and will have to be repaid by October 2021 at the latest. The subordinated loan granted to HRP Hamburg Residential GmbH at an interest rate of 2.89% and to be repaid by 2023, and the 5.1% equity interest in this same company are associable with the fi nancing of a residential portfolio of 321 residential units in an up-market location in Hamburg. In this context, ACCENTRO was granted the exclusive opportunity to handle the privatisation of 193 of these residential units. The reported loan receivables from two subordinated loans to the associate Havelländer Rosenensemble GmbH both bear 10% in interest and will be due for repayment by 31 December 2020.

In accordance with IAS 28.38, the loan to Belle Époque Quartier Gehrensee GmbH is included in the subsequent at-equity valuation due to its equity-replacing structure, although a separate balance sheet disclosure is retained. Other loans to associates qualify as fi nancial instruments in accordance with IFRS 9 on the basis of the collateral provided, and are measured at amortised cost.

5.1.4 Subsidiaries with Substantial but Non-Controlling Interests

The table below contains detailed information on subsidiaries of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG in which third parties hold signifi cant but non-controlling interests:

Name Capital share
of the non
controlling
interests in %
(voting rights,
in %)
Consolidated
income
representing
non-controlling
interests
Book value
of the non
controlling
interests as of
31 Dec. 2018
Dividends paid
out to the non
controlling in
terests during
the reporting
period
% TEUR TEUR TEUR
Corporations
Uhlandstraße 79 Immobilien
GmbH
50
+1 vote
34 175
Kantstraße 130b/Leibnizstraße
36, 36a Immobilien Gesell
schaft mbH
59 6 –78
Johanniterstr. 3-6 Liegenschaften
GmbH
20 66 1,839
ACCENTRO Rhein-Ruhr GmbH 25 0 6
ACCENTRO 2. Sachsen GmbH 50.1 –2 11
GeSoNa Verwaltungs GmbH 8 0 3
Total 103 1,956
Partnerships
Kantstraße 130b/
Leibnizstraße 36, 36a GbR*
61 0 –151
GeSoNa Verwaltungs
GmbH & Co. Hermannstr. KG
30.2 0 4,568

* recognised among the fi nancial liabilities

Listed below are the summarised fi nancial details of subsidiaries in which ACCENTRO Real Estate AG held substantial but non-controlling interests as of 31 December 2018 and as of 31 December 2017:

31 December 2018 Johanniterstr. 3-6
Liegenschaften
GmbH
ACCENTRO
2. Sachsen GmbH
GeSoNa
Verwaltungs
GmbH & Co.
Hermannstr. KG
TEUR TEUR TEUR
Total of current assets 25,617 3,778 24,775
Total of non-current assets 0 1 23
Total of current liabilities 672 566 2,041
Total of non-current liabilities 10,283 3,191 12,792
Earnings/revenues 631 0 0
Annual net income/net loss 328 –3 0
thereof attributable to the share
holders of ACCENTRO Real Estate
AG
262 –1 0
thereof attributable to the non
controlling interests
66 –2 0

Financial information on companies in which non-controlling interests are held is explained as of 31 December 2018, provided that the proportionate equity attributable to the other pro-rata interests is greater than TEUR 200, the balance sheet total of the respective company is greater than TEUR 1,000 or the pro-rata profi t/loss for the year is greater than TEUR 50. The net profi t shares of non-controlling interests in partnerships are recognised as profi t or loss in the consolidated income statement.

31 December 2017 Phoenix F1
Neubrandenburg
strasse GmbH
Kantstraße 130b/
Leibnizstraße 36,
36a GbR
Diverse minority
interests in
the special
purpose entities
of ACCENTRO
Gehrensee
TEUR TEUR TEUR
Total of current assets 12,724 315 42,681
Total of non-current assets 0 0 0
Total of current liabilities 2,338 59 16,506
Total of non-current liabilities 0 1 4,012
Earnings/revenues 8,786 1,841 0
Annual net income/net loss 1,760 224 –342
thereof attributable to the share
holders of ACCENTRO Real Estate
AG
1,670 149 –325
thereof attributable to the non
controlling interests
90 75 –17

5.1.5 Equity Interests Accounted for Using the Equity Method

The equity interests accounted for using the equity method performed as follows:

2018 2017
TEUR TEUR
Start of fi nancial year 264 472
Additions 3,261 6
Disposals –5 –200
Shares in gains and losses –2 –14
End of fi nancial year 3,518 264

During Q2 and Q3 2018, ACCENTRO AG acquired equity interests of 44% each in three companies (in Havelländer Rosenensemble GmbH for TEUR 89; in Gutshof Dahlewitz 1 GmbH and Gutshof Dahlewitz 2 GmbH for TEUR 22) for the purpose of acquiring, developing and marketing joint projects, and to thereby expand the Company's commitment on the real estate market.

With the share exchange and transfer agreement dated 22 January 2018, the equity interest of 75% in the ACCENTRO Gehrensee GmbH subgroup recognised among the Group's subsidiaries in the previous year was sold to a Berlin-based property developer and measured at a fair value of TEUR 3,150. The project will be continued as joint venture under the name Belle Époque Quartier Gehrensee GmbH.

The joint ventures are fi nanced by ACCENTRO, among other sponsors, see note 5.1.3. The business purpose of the joint ventures is normally the project planning and completion of residential real estate. ACCENTRO is committed in these joint ventures in order to generate value-added through housing privatisations in addition to the successful project completion in a general sense. In this context, ACCENTRO reviews the IFRS-compliant classifi cation of the property development in accordance with IAS 2 as inventory asset (possibly associated with partial realisation of profi ts in accordance with IFRS 15.35) or the recognition in accordance with IAS 40 as "income producing property" in the context of maintaining uniform Group recognition and measurement methods, with the recognition in this case being based on the acquisition and production costs. If a property development is classifi ed as inventory asset, the borrowing costs are capitalised in line with the industry standard. Expenses and income are consolidated in the pro-rata amount fi nanced by ACCENTRO and recognised in income.

The section below lists the summarised fi nancial information for the associates and joint ventures of signifi cance for ACCENTRO Real Estate AG along with a reconciliation to the book value of the interest held by ACCENTRO Real Estate AG as of 31 December 2018 and 31December 2017, appraised using the equity method:

31 December 2018 Urbanstraße 5
Projekt GmbH
Wohneigentum
Berlin GbR
Gutshof Dahle
witz 1 GmbH
Gutshof Dahle
witz 2 GmbH
Havelländer
Rosenensem
ble GmbH
Belle Époque
Quartier Geh
rensee GmbH
(Joint Venture) (Joint Venture) (Joint Venture) (Joint Venture) (Joint Venture) (Joint Venture)
TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR
Earnings/revenues 69 0 0 0 288 244
Profi t or loss for the year/
comprehensive income
–88 0 0 0 222 0
Total of current assets 3,394 449 0 0 12,862 49,372
Total of non-current assets 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total of current liabilities 1,073 0 0 0 208 109
Total of non-current liabilities 2,503 0 0 0 12,420 32,666
Net assets of the associate –182 449 0 0 233 16,706
ACCENTRO Real Estate AG's
interest in the net assets of the
associate
49.82% 33.33% 44.00% 44.00% 44.00% 25.00%
Book value of ACCENTRO Real
Estate AG's interest, appraised
using the equity method
0 156 11 11 89 3,250
31 December 2017 Malplaquetstr.
23
Grundstücks
verwaltungs
gesellschaft
mbH
Wohneigentum
SIAG Sechzehnte
Wohnen GmbH
Berlin GbR
& Co. KG
(joint venture)
Urbanstraße 5
Projekt GmbH
(joint venture)
TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR
Earnings/revenues 1 0 1,170 40
Profi t or loss for the year/
comprehensive income
–7 0 163 –89
Total of current assets 21 0 963 3,333
Total of non-current assets 1 0 0 0
Total of current liabilities 7 0 161 564
Total of non-current liabilities 0 0 11 2,833
Net assets of the associate 15 0 792 –64
ACCENTRO Real Estate AG's
interest in the net assets of the
associate
49.82% 47% 33.33% 49%
Book value of ACCENTRO Real
Estate AG's interest, appraised
using the equity method
0 0 264 0

For the risks and constraints to which ACCENTRO Real Estate AG is exposed by each of the associates and joint ventures, please see the elaborations in section 5.22.

5.1.6 Equity Investments

All things considered, ACCENTRO held interests of 5.1% each in fi ve equity investments as of 31 December 2018. The earnings from these equity investments added up to TEUR 36 during the 2018 fi nancial year. No changes in fair value to be shown in other comprehensive income were realised during the fi nancial year because the acquisitions made during the year have not yet experienced any signifi cant increase or loss in value. The equity investments were undertaken with the view of developing new housing privatisation opportunities.

31 Dec. 2018 31 Dec. 2017
TEUR TEUR
Delta Vivium I equity interest 2,683 0
Magnus Relda portfolio equity interest 1,121 1,121
Miscellaneous 427 126
Total 4,231 1,247

5.2 Inventory Properties

The Company's inventory properties include available-for-sale properties and downpayments for such properties. The item breaks down as follows:

31 Dec. 2018 31 Dec. 2017
TEUR TEUR
Ready-for-sale properties 340,167 285,403
Advanced payments 5,073 18,624
Total 345,241 304,027

The Company continued to invest in the expansion of the trading portfolio during the 2018 fi nancial year. For 866 residential units acquired for a combined purchase price of EUR 163.3 million, the transfer of benefi ts and burdens took place during the 2018 fi nancial year.

For another 177 residential units acquired for a purchase price of EUR 32.7 million, the sale and purchase agreements have already been signed, but the transfer of benefi ts and burdens will take place in 2019 and be reported for that same year. At the same time, 1,615 residential units worth EUR 156.6 million in initial costs were sold, so that the inventory assets, taking into account the refurbishment measures completed in the course of the year, increased by EUR 41.2 million.

Inventory properties with a carrying value of TEUR 203,560 (prior period: TEUR 171,959) are expected to be sold after more than twelve months, according to corporate planning.

The properties are measured at initial costs plus subsequent expenditures to restore their marketability. There were no reversals of impairment losses or write-downs on properties held as inventory assets during the 2018 fi nancial year. The recognised properties serve as collateral for fi nancial liabilities in the amount of EUR 256.1 million (prior period: EUR 277.3 million).

5.3 Trade Receivables and Other Receivables

Trade receivables represent purchase price receivables and into rent receivables. The development of trade receivables is shown in the following table:

31 Dec. 2018 31 Dec. 2017
TEUR TEUR
Trade receivables (gross) 21,958 3,725
Allowances –994 –96
Trade receivables (net) 20,964 3,629
thereof non-current 2,357 2,477
thereof current 18,607 1,152

The table below lists the trade receivables by maturity:

31 Dec. 2018 31 Dec. 2017
TEUR TEUR
Trade receivables 20,964 3,629
thereof neither written down as of the reporting date nor overdue 17,805 3,000
thereof neither written down as of the reporting date nor overdue
for another 30 days
424 149
thereof neither written down as of the reporting date nor overdue
for another 31 to 60 days
1,316 16
thereof neither written down as of the reporting date nor overdue
for another 61 to 90 days
350 142
thereof neither written down as of the reporting date nor overdue
for another 91 to 180 days
248 99
thereof neither written down as of the reporting date nor overdue
for another 181 to 360 days
257 160
thereof neither written down as of the reporting date nor overdue
for more than 360 days
565 62
Net value of written-down trade receivables 0 0

The default risk for receivables from tenants and buyers of residential units is rated as low.

The trade receivables include accounts receivable in the amount of TEUR 11,200 from the sale of a real estate portfolio that was closed toward the end of the year. Although the rights/ duties and control were transferred to the buyer as of 31 December 2018, ACCENTRO reserves the right to delay the change in the land register until the purchase price is paid in full.

2018 2017
TEUR TEUR
As of 1 January 96 58
Change in consolidated Group 4 1
Additions (write-downs) 926 46
Reversals –31 –9
As of 31 December 994 96

The one-off allowances for trade receivables developed as follows:

Allocations to value adjustments include the rent claim from the letting of a property as migrant shelter for which a one-off allowance was made as a precautionary measure.

The miscellaneous receivables and other assets include:

31 Dec. 2018 31 Dec. 2017
TEUR TEUR
Receivables from operating costs not yet invoiced 8,064 5,977
Down-payments on inventory properties earmarked for sale 0 3,292
Sales tax receivables 975 975
Receivables from investment companies 409 496
Loan receivables from former associates sold together with the
companies
2,323 0
Restricted-use cash in banks 175 119
Miscellaneous other receivables 763 709
Total current assets and miscellaneous receivables 12,709 11,568

The sales tax refund claim vis-à-vis the inland revenue offi ce in the amount of TEUR 975 (previous year: TEUR 975) is based on a tax reclaim in connection with the tax law rulings concerning developer projects and the area of governance subject to Sec. 13b, Turnover Tax Act (UStG). This account receivable is matched by accounts payable in the amount of TEUR 975. With a view to applicable statutory rules and regulations, ACCENTRO Real Estate AG assumes that the inland revenue authorities will request corrected invoices from former suppliers.

Moreover, there are receivables in the amount of TEUR 2,323 from the sale of two subsidiaries and the related sale of the shareholder loans. The amount was repaid in January 2019.

Other receivables are subject to allowances in the amount of TEUR 31 (previous year: TEUR 31).

5.4 Cash and Cash Equivalents

The cash and cash equivalents item represents predominantly bank balances held at call.

5.5 Equity Capital

The issued capital (share capital) of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG amounted to EUR 32,437,934.00 as of 31 December 2018. It was composed of 32,437,934 no-par value bearer shares. There are no diff erent stock classes. At the start of the 2018 fi nancial year, the share capital amounted to EUR 24,924,903.00 and increased by EUR 5,393,031.00 during the reporting period when the conversion rights from a convertible bond issued by ACCENTRO Real Estate AG were exercised and grew by another EUR 2,120,000.00 after the cash capital increase.

Amount No-par value
shares
Purpose
TEUR in thousands
Contingent Capital 2014 Expired on 26 February 2018
Contingent Capital 2017 1,800 1,800 Servicing the stock option plan
(currently inactive)
Authorisation to issue bonds* 200,000 25,000 Issuance of convertible bonds
and/or bonds with warrants/
participation rights
Authorised Capital 2018* 15,159 15,159 Capital increase against cash and
non-cash contributions
(until 14 May 2023)

ACCENTRO AG has the following authorised and conditional capital at its disposal:

* Subject to approval by the Supervisory Board

Other than that, we refer you to the Group management report for mandatory disclosures pursuant to Sec. 315a, Art. 1, German Commercial Code (HGB).

5.6 Financial Liabilities and Bonds

The table below lists the Group's current and non-current fi nancial liabilities as well as its bonds:

31 Dec. 18 31 Dec. 17
(fi nancial)
31 Dec. 2017
TEUR TEUR TEUR
Non-current fi nancial liabilities
Liabilities to banks 76,773 68,822 42,439
Bond liabilities 98,561 12,065 0
Total non-current fi nancial liabilities 175,334 80,887 42,439
Current fi nancial liabilities
Liabilities to banks 54,357 60,499 86,882
Bond liabilities 1,563 0 12,065
Total current fi nancial liabilities 55,920 60,499 98,947
Total fi nancial liabilities 231,253 141,386 141,386

Liabilities to Banks

During the previous year, the change of the principal shareholder that took place on 30 November 2017 and the concomitant takeover of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG by Brookline Real Estate S.à r.l. triggered the right to terminate for good cause several facility agreements due to existing change-of-control provisions. In accordance with IAS 1.74, all fi nancial liabilities that have not been approved by the bank as of the balance sheet date had to be classifi ed as current. This was refl ected in the recognition of current fi nancial liabilities in the amount of TEUR 86,882. During the previous year, no fi nancial institution took advantage of its right to act on the change-of-control provision.

To make it easier to compare the asset and fi nancial position, the breakdown of maturities introduced the previous year has been retained in this section in order to ensure a consistent presentation of the current year. According to the latter, current fi nancial liabilities in the amount of TEUR 60,499 had to be recognised the previous year (column: 31 Dec. 2017 (fi nancial) ). The carrying amount of non-current fi nancial liabilities to banks would break down into loan amounts with remaining terms of more than one and up to fi ve years (TEUR 71,618; previous year: TEUR 63,265) and those with remaining terms of more than fi ve years (TEUR 5,154; previous year: TEUR 5,557).

The modest decline in current fi nancial liabilities by TEUR 4,579 — when ignoring the changeof-control provisions — is primarily explained by the fact that inventory properties were earmarked for sale in the 2019 fi nancial year by the Company's sales planning, which includes prepayments of the associated loan debt. The share of repayments from property sales itemised among the current fi nancial liabilities amounts to a projected total of TEUR 54,357 for the 2019 fi nancial year.

Bond Liabilities

On 5 March 2014, the Company issued 6,000,000 convertible bonds with a par value of EUR 2.50 each (2014/2019 convertible bond). The original par value of the bearer bonds was TEUR 15,000. The convertible bond drew an interest of 6.25% and would originally have matured on 27 March 2019. On 16 February 2018, ACCENTRO AG announced the early termination of the 2014/2019 convertible bond, which was recognised among the current fi nancial liabilities during the previous fi nancial year, in accordance with the bond terms because of the insignifi cance of the nominal amount still outstanding. The outstanding partial amount of TEUR 107 was repaid in full on 27 March 2018, net of the accrued interest.

In January and February 2018, the bulk of the outstanding convertible bond certifi cates were exchanged for shares by conversion.

On 23 January 2018, ACCENTRO Real Estate AG successfully concluded placement of a threeyear corporate bond. The aggregate par value that was placed totals EUR 100 million. The corporate bond has an annual interest rate of 3.75%. The interest is paid semi-annually. The net issue proceeds will primarily be used to fi nance the acquisition of new real estate assets. The reported carrying amount of the bond of TEUR 98,561 represents the issue proceeds, net of the transaction costs that accrued over the term of the bond and that are calculated using the eff ective interest method.

The current liabilities include outstanding interest on bonds in the amount of TEUR 1,563.

Securities and Financial Covenants

Liabilities to banks are secured in a carrying amount of TEUR 256,184 (previous year: TEUR 277,297) by the real estate portfolio for whose fi nancing they were taken out, and by the rent and sales receivables associable with these properties. This real estate portfolio consists of properties from the inventory assets. There are also some restricted accounts in the amount of TEUR 2,280 (prior period: TEUR 4,515) of which TEUR 175 are recognised among the other assets and TEUR 1,948 among the cash and cash equivalents.

In addition, fi nancial liabilities worth TEUR 106,286 (previous year: TEUR 21,717) are subject to contractual covenants toward the compliance with certain fi nancial ratios (fi nancial covenants) that concern the bond and certain bank loans as of 31 December 2018. The fi nancial ratios refer essentially to industry-standard covenants relating to the limitation of net debt and to so-called debt service cover ratios, meaning the capacity to sustain the anticipated debt service from rents collected. Whenever apartments are sold, the Group member companies are moreover obliged to repay the relevant loans prematurely.

The bond issued in 2019 obligates the Company, inter alia, to maintain an interest coverage ratio (section 11.3 of the bond terms) of 2.0 maximum and to maintain a certain equity ratio, so that the Company's ability to pay dividends may be compromised.

Non-compliance with fi nancial ratios may prompt termination or the mandatory deposit of additional collateral. All fi nancial covenants were upheld during the 2018 fi nancial year.

Interest Expenses

For liabilities toward banks, non-bank lenders and the inland revenue offi ce, interest expenses recognised in income in an amount of TEUR 5,028 (previous year: TEUR 6,826) were incurred, while the bonds generated TEUR 4,841 (previous year: TEUR 2,281) in interest expenses recognised in income and other expenses. The interest expense was matched by TEUR 944 (previous year: TEUR 304) in interest earned.

5.7 Provisions

31 Dec.
2017
Consumed Dissolved Added 31 Dec.
2018
TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR
Provisions for
warranty obligations
1,140 0 1,140 0 0
Provisions for payroll costs 223 221 0 389 390
Provisions for miscellaneous costs 908 167 698 409 452
Provisions for record
keeping obligations
17 0 0 0 17
Total 2,288 388 1,838 797 860

Provisions developed as follows during the 2018 fi nancial year:

Provision for warranty obligations includes a guarantee to the purchaser of the company ESTAVIS Berlin Hohenschönhausen GmbH, which was sold in the 2015 fi nancial year, in the amount of TEUR 1,140 was reversed due to the elimination of the obligation.

The provisions for payroll costs that existed as of 31 December 2018 concern essentially bonus and premium payments as well as holiday accruals.

Provisions for miscellaneous costs include essentially provisions for bonus payments in the amount of TEUR 240 (previous year: TEUR 180) as well as provisions for Supervisory Board remunerations in the amount of TEUR 177 (previous year: TEUR 188).

Other provisions in a carrying amount of TEUR 843 (previous year: TEUR 2,271) are expected to result in a cash outfl ow during the coming twelve months.

The other provisions are appraised in an amount that would have to be paid, according to reasonable assumptions, to settle the obligation by the balance sheet date or would have to be paid at the time of transfer if the obligation was transferred to a third-party. Risks and uncertainties are taken into account by applying adequate appraisal methods while also considering the probability of occurrence.

31 Dec.
2016
Consumed Dissolved Added 31 Dec.
2017
TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR
Provisions for
warranty obligations
1,640 0 500 0 1,140
Provisions for
payroll costs
216 117 54 178 223
Provisions for
miscellaneous costs
1,174 370 320 424 908
Provisions for record- keeping
obligations
17 0 0 0 17
Total 3,047 487 874 602 2,288

During the 2017 fi nancial year, the provisions developed as follows:

The representation below shows the development of trade payables, advance payments received and other liabilities:

31 Dec. 2018 31 Dec. 2017
TEUR TEUR
Trade payables 4,816 2,236
Down-payments received 7,033 19,613
Outstanding invoices 9,373 11,249
Compensation claims of non-controlling shareholders
in partnerships
4,568 0
Liabilities pursuant to Sec. 13b, UStG 975 975
Loans by non-controlling companies to subsidiaries 797 88
Liabilities from security deposits 365 199
Liabilities to related parties 0 3
Miscellaneous liabilities 720 490
Other liabilities 16,798 13,005

The down-payments received break down into operating costs not yet invoiced in the amount of TEUR 6,597 (previous year: TEUR 5,217) and down-payment for plots available for sale in the amount of TEUR 436 (previous year: TEUR 14,396).

Liabilities in the amount of TEUR 975 (previous year: TEUR 975) are matched by a recognised sales tax refund claim vis-à-vis the inland revenue offi ce that is based on a tax reclaim in connection with the latest tax law rulings concerning developer projects and the area of governance subject to Sec. 13b, Turnover Tax Act (UStG). With a view to applicable statutory rules and regulations, ACCENTRO Real Estate AG assumes that the inland revenue authorities will request corrected invoices from former suppliers.

5.9 Current Income Tax Liabilities

The current income tax liabilities in the amount of TEUR 13,261 (previous year: TEUR 14,591) include corporation tax liabilities in the amount of TEUR 6,673 (previous year: TEUR 7,159) and trade tax liabilities in the amount of TEUR 6,588 (previous year: TEUR 7,432).

5.10 Deferred Taxes

The following deferred taxes are recognised in the balance sheet:

31 Dec. 2018 31 Dec. 2017
TEUR TEUR
Deferred tax assets 692 193
Deferred tax liabilities 1,080 969

Deferred taxes developed as follows:

2017 2016
TEUR TEUR
Deferred tax liabilities –969 –851
Deferred tax assets 193 408
Balance of deferred taxes at start of fi nancial year –776 –443
Expense (–) / income (+) reported under tax expense 186 –52
Disposals from the fi nal consolidation of property vehicles 202 33
Reclassifi cation from non-current assets held for sale to inventory
properties
0 –314
Balance of deferred taxes at end of fi nancial year –388 –776

The deferred taxes break down as follows:

Diff erences relating to investment
property
fi nancial
liabilities
losses
carried forward
Total
TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR
31 December 2017
(prior to closing) –
deferred tax liabilities
–590 –848 0 –1,438
31 December 2017
(prior to closing) –
deferred tax assets
0 58 604 662
31 December 2017 (after closing) –776
Amounts recognised under tax
expense
–52 –133 –384 186
Disposals from the fi nal
consolidation of property vehicles
0 220 –18 202
31 December 2018
(prior to closing) –
deferred tax liabilities
–642 –981 –169 –1,792
31 December 2018
(prior to closing) –
deferred tax assets
0 63 1,341 1,404
31 December 2018 (after closing) –388

The deferred tax liabilities result essentially from deviations between tax valuations and IFRS-based valuations of fi nancial liabilities (eff ective interest method).

Deferred tax assets from tax loss carryforwards are recognised with the amount of future taxable profi t where the realisation of the corresponding tax benefi ts is likely to be required.

5.11 Revenues

2018 2017
TEUR TEUR
Revenues from sales of inventory property 194,009 137,859
Revenues from services 2,794 1,714
Rental income from inventory property 8,684 7,769
Rental income from properties held as property, plant and equipment 122 0
Total Continuing Operation 205,609 147,341
Rental income from Discontinued Operation 0 334
Revenue from sales of investment property 0 3,783
Total Discontinued Operation 0 4,117

The increase in revenues from the sale of inventory properties is due to the expansion of retail privatisations, on the one hand, and to the sales of subsidiaries and the associated property assets, on the other hand.

The rental income increased by TEUR 1,037. This is explained by the ongoing successful expansion of the Trading Portfolio by adding inventory properties.

5.12 Cost of Materials

2018 2017
TEUR TEUR
Expenses for sales of inventory property 160,924 103,167
Expenses from services 511 766
Management costs of inventory property 2,667 2,335
Management costs of properties in property, plant and equipment 9 0
Total Continuing Operation 164,111 106,268
Management costs for the Discontinued Operation 0 182
Expenses from sales of investment property 0 3,752
Total Discontinued Operation 0 3,934
Total 164,111 110,202

The increased turnover is also refl ected in the higher initial costs of the properties sold and in the construction costs.

The management costs of the properties developed in line with the development of the portfolio size of the respective property holdings.

5.13 Staff Costs

The Group employed an average of 45 people (previous year: 37) during the 2018 fi nancial year.

The total payroll and benefi t costs break down as follows:

2018 2017
TEUR TEUR
Salaries and other benefi ts 4,112 3,004
Employer contributions to statutory social insurance 501 335
Total 4,613 3,339

The rise in payroll and benefi t costs by TEUR 1,274 since the 2017 fi nancial year is due, on the one hand, to the increased workforce and, on the other hand, to participation in the employee profi t-sharing plan.

Contributions to the statutory pension insurance scheme during the 2018 fi nancial year added up to TEUR 217 (previous year: TEUR 166).

5.14 Impairments of Inventories and Accounts Receivable

In the year under review, impairment losses of TEUR 31 were recognized on miscellaneous receivables in the amount of TEUR 205 (previous year: TEUR 0), with allowances for rent receivables being shown in the item "Management costs of inventory property." No allowances were recognised for inventory properties during the year under review.

5.15 Other Operating Income and Expenses

Other operating income can be broken down as follows:

2018 2017
Continuing
Operation
2017
Discontinued
Operation
TEUR TEUR TEUR
Income from the dissolution of provisions and
deferred liabilities
796 1,234 0
Income from the dissolution of allowances 31 71 0
Miscellaneous other operating income 835 1,955 381
Total 1,663 3,260 381
Other operating expenses can be broken down as follows:
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------------------------------------------------
2018 2017
Continuing
Operation
2017
Discontinued
Operation
TEUR TEUR TEUR
Legal and professional fees 1,127 1,530 20
Information, advertising and entertaining expenses 1,313 882 0
Expenses for compiling and auditing the fi nancial
statements
408 457 0
EDP expenses 472 379 0
Rental expenses 282 268 0
Miscellaneous other operating expenses 1,529 949 1
Total 5,131 4,465 21

The advisory costs for general advisory services in the amount of TEUR 1,127 (previous year: TEUR 1,530) break down mainly into tax advisory services, capital market transactions, property transactions, legal counsel and general consultancy on general strategic issues.

The remaining other operating expenses in the amount of TEUR 1,529 (previous year: TEUR 949) include, inter alia, expenditures for things like offi ce supplies, travel expenses, motor vehicle costs, and continued professional development costs in an aggregate amount of TEUR 409 plus expenses for members of the Supervisory Board in the amount of TEUR 163. Moreover, the item includes one-off eff ects in the amount of TEUR 500 occasioned by premature terminations of contracts.

5.16 Income Tax

The income tax expense recognised for the Continuing Operation in the Income Statement consists of current and deferred taxes as follows:

2018 2017
TEUR TEUR
Current income tax expense 5,861 7,355
Deferred income tax expense/income –186 –39
Total 5,675 7,316

The current income tax expense includes TEUR 206 in tax expenses for prior years (reference period: TEUR 1,164 in tax income).

The reported tax expense diff ers from the theoretical amount calculated by applying the Group's average income tax rate to its earnings before taxes:

Tax Reconciliation
Continuing Operation 2018 2017
TEUR TEUR
Pre-tax profi t 23,975 27,633
Taxes calculated based on the parent company's
income tax rate (30.175%)
7,234 8,338
Trade tax eff ects 364 –27
Account balance of tax-free income / non-deductible expenses –2,411 –506
Value adjustment / non-recognition of deferred tax assets 616 761
Write-up / subsequent recognition of deferred tax assets –337 –39
Taxes for previous years 206 –1,164
Other factors 3 –47
Reported income tax expense 5,675 7,316

The imputed tax rate of 23.7% (previous year: 26.5%) for 2018 is signifi cantly infl uenced by the sale of property companies in the legal form of German private limited companies (GmbH), which, being corporations, are not subject to income taxation of their entire profi ts at the time of sale.

5.17 Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share are calculated as the ratio of the net profi t attributable to the shareholders of the parent company to the average number of shares in circulation during the fi nancial year, not including treasury shares held by the company.

2018 2017
Continuing
Operation
2017
Discontinued
Operation
2017
Comprehen
sive income
Consolidated income TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR
Net profi t before minority interests – basic 18,301 20,317 –197 20,144
Interest expenses on convertible bonds 2 1,422 0 1,422
Consolidated income before minority
interests – diluted
18,303 21,739 –197 21,566
Number of shares in thousands in thousands in thousands in thousands
Unweighted number of shares outstanding 32,431 24,925 24,925 24,925
Weighted number of shares outstanding – basic 30,712 24,895 24,895 24,895
Eff ect of the conversion of convertible bonds 0 5,444 5,444 5,444
Weighted number of shares – diluted 30,711 30,339 30,339 30,339
Earnings per share (EPS) EUR EUR EUR EUR
unweighted – basic 0.56 0.82 –0.01 0.81
weighted – basic 0.60 0.82 –0.01 0.81
weighted – diluted 0.60 0.72 –0.02 0.70

The 2014/2019 convertible bond issued by the Company was almost entirely converted during the fi rst quarter of 2018 while the remaining shares were cancelled. As at balance sheet date, no conversion rights existed in conjunction with the 2014/2019 convertible bond (previous year: 5,150,107 conversion rights) that may dilute the earnings per share. Thus, the diluted net income is identical to the basic net income.

5.18 Cash Flow Statement

The cash fl ow statement distinguishes between cash fl ows from operating activities, from the investing activities, and from the fi nancing activities. The cash fl ow from current operations is measured using the indirect method.

The cash fl ow from operating activities calculated using this method is negative at TEUR 48,432 thousand (previous year: negative TEUR 25,200 thousand). The cash fl ow from current operations was primarily defi ned by the continued set-up of the trading portfolio according to plan. Due to investments in the trading portfolio and disposals, changes in inventory assets amounted to TEUR 41,214 (previous year: TEUR 80,462), with TEUR 47.697 representing an actual cash outfl ow during the year under review. The main non-cash changes in inventory assets that occurred during the fi nancial year relate to the sale of the Gehrensee portfolio by way of an exchange of shares and the acquisition of property companies (share deal) where the liabilities taken over together with the acquired company reduce the purchase price to be paid and therefore the cash outfl ow.

TEUR
Portfolio as of 31 December 2017 304,027
Net change 47,697
Non-cash change –6,483
Portfolio as of 31 December 2018 345,241

The cash infl ow from companies valued at-equity in 2017 concerned the former portfolio segment and is recognised among the cash fl ow from investing activities. The net equity investments committed in this context show a very close operative analogy to the business activities of ACCENTRO AG, which is why dividends from companies valued at equity are recognised in the cash fl ow from operating activities for the 2018 fi nancial year.

Within the cash fl ow statement, cash and cash equivalents were adjusted by TEUR 1,334 over prior year. In some cases, bank accounts are subject to restraints on disposal, although the restraint often applies not to the entire, but only a partial amount deposited in a given bank account. If such bank accounts (or partial amounts) fail to meet the criteria for cash and cash equivalents under IAS 7, they are reclassifi ed from cash and cash equivalents to a separate line, which was also done for the previous year to enhance comparability. These are purchase prices which are shown in the operating cash fl ow but which are not yet at the Company's disposal as of the balance sheet date because certain interest and repayment portions have to be paid out of these funds. The previous year's presentation has been adjusted accordingly.

The cash fl ow from investing activities adds up to TEUR –51,204 (reference period: TEUR 22,679). Out of this amount, TEUR 23,612 including incidental costs were invested in an offi ce property in Berlin that will become ACCENTRO's future head offi ce. TEUR 9,689 were invested in equity investments and TEUR 17,867 were granted as loans to companies in which ACCENTRO holds equity interests and to companies that ACCENTRO is affi liated with via marketing agreements. For the 2017 fi nancial year, repayments of granted loans were reclassifi ed by moving them from "cash fl ow from fi nancing activities" to "cash fl ow from investing activities" whenever they related exclusively to the Company's discontinued operation.

The cash fl ow from fi nancing activities adds up to TEUR 111,410 (reference period: TEUR –4,223) and essentially includes disbursements toward the repayment of fi nancial liabilities in the amount of TEUR 62,447 (previous year: TEUR 109,595) and interest payments in the amount of TEUR 4,470 (previous year: TEUR 6,771). It is matched by cash infl ows from loan fi nance and the issuance of a bond in the amount of TEUR 164,056 (previous year: TEUR 115,667). During the 2018 fi nancial year, TEUR 19,426 were collected via a cash capital increase whereas the cash outfl ow from dividend payments amounted to TEUR 5,154 (previous year: TEUR 3,731).

Cash and cash equivalents increased by TEUR 2,716 due to the addition of three companies to the basis of consolidation of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG.

Eight fully consolidated companies were sold and one company merged into a non-consolidated company in the course of the 2018 fi nancial year. The Company's cash funds declined by TEUR 6,659 in this context.

In accordance with IAS 7, a reconciliation of the Group's fi nancial liabilities from 31 December 2017 to 31 December 2018 is presented below:

Reconciliation Accounts
31 Dec. 2017 cash
eff ective
not cash
eff ective
31 Dec. 2018
TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR
Financial liabilities 129,321 –26 1,834 131,129
Bonds 12,065 97,870 –9,811 100,124
Total debt from fi nancing activities 141,386 97,844 –7,977 231,253

The column "not cash-eff ective" mainly contains non-cash discount eff ects from the application of the eff ective interest rate method and non-cash conversions.

5.19 Other Financial Obligations and Contingent Liabilities

Pursuant to IAS 17, the company has entered into non-cancellable operating leases relating to business premises, offi ce equipment and motor vehicles.

The future cumulative minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases are as follows:

31 Dec. 2018 31 Dec. 2017
TEUR TEUR
Up to 1 year 307 244
Between 1 and 5 years 196 61
More than 5 years 0 0
Total 503 305

In addition, there are obligations from purchase agreements involving the acquisition of apartment buildings in Berlin, Leipzig and Hamburg, among other places, in the amount of TEUR 39,238, as well as from a share purchase agreement in the amount of TEUR 21,881. The trend is expected to continue throughout the fi rst half-year of 2019.

Group member companies are liable, in their role as partners, for the debt of a civil-law partner ship in the amount of TEUR 150 (previous year: TEUR 171).

5.20 Minimum Lease Payments from Operating Leasing Agreements

Disclosures on operating leasing in accordance with IAS 17.56

Claims to minimum lease payments from long-term operating leasing agreements are a standard aspect of letting commercial real estate. The leases signed for residential real estate, by contrast, generally have a statutory notice period of three months. They include no other claims to minimum lease payments. In the property intended as ACCENTRO's future place of business, all lease agreements with incumbent tenants were either terminated or not renewed.

up to 1 year 1 to 5 years more than
5 years
TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR
Total of the future minimum lease
payments due to non-cancellable
operating lease contracts as lessor as
of 31 December 2018
2,936 2,936 0 0
Total of the future minimum lease
payments due to non-cancellable
operating lease contracts as lessor as
of 31 December 2017
2,601 2,601 0 0

5.21 Additional Information on Financial Instruments

a) Classes and Measurement Categories

The table below shows the carrying amounts and fair values of fi nancial assets and fi nancial liabilities, including their levels within the fair value hierarchy. It includes no fair value details on those fi nancial assets and fi nancial liabilities that were not measured at fair value wherever the carrying amount represents an adequate approximation of the respective fair value. The fi rst-time adoption of IFRS 9 had no material eff ects.

Book value Fair value
31 December 2018 FVOCI* –
equity instru
ments
Financial
assets at
amortised
costs
Other
fi nancial
liabilities
Total Total
TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR
Assets
Equity investments 4,231 4,231 4,231
Long-term trade receivables 2,357 2,357 2,357
Non-current other receivables and other
assets
28,814 28,814 28,814
Trade receivables 18,607 18,607 18,607
Miscellaneous receivables and assets 10,660 10,660 10,660
Total fi nancial assets 4,231 60,438 64,669 64,669
Liabilities
Long-term payables to banks 76,773 76,773 76,773
Bond liabilities 98,561 98,561 100,160
Short-term payables to banks and to
bond holders
55,920 55,920 55,920
Trade payables 4,816 4,816 4,816
Other short-term payables 4,984 4,984 4,984
Total fi nancial liabilities 241,054 241,054 241,054

* Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income

Fair value
31 December 2017 FVOCI* –
equity instru
ments
Financial
assets at
amortised
costs
Other
fi nancial
liabilities
Total Total
TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR
Assets
Equity investments 1,247 1,247 1,247
Trade receivables 1,152 1,152 1,152
Miscellaneous receivables and assets 6,317 6,317 6,317
Total fi nancial assets 1,247 15,344 16,591 16,591
Liabilities
Long-term payables to banks 42,439 42,439 42,439
Bond liabilities 12,065 12,065 12,065
Short-term payables to banks and to
bond holders
86,882 86,882 86,882
Trade payables 2,236 2,236 2,236
Other short-term payables 12,869 12,869 12,869
Total fi nancial liabilities 156,491 156,491 156,491

* Fair Value through Other Comprehensive Income

Trade receivables and other receivables have maturities of short-term character. Accordingly, their book values equalled their fair value by the balance sheet date. The same applies, mutatis mutandis, to the trade payables and the other current liabilities. The ACCENTRO Group's non-current and current payables vis-à-vis banks were measured at fair value on initial recognition, minus the transaction costs, the fair values always equalling the acquisition costs. The accounts payable of recently acquired companies vis-à-vis banks were measured at fair value on initial recognition.

Going forward, the book value of all long-term and short-term payables vis-à-vis banks as of the balance sheet date equals the amount that application of the eff ective interest method would return as amortised costs. Taking into account the swift repayment of loans inherent in the business model, the fair value more or less matches the amortised cost in subsequent periods.

The bond without conversion rights was measured at fair value minus transaction costs on initial recognition, the value matching the initial costs including transaction costs, and thereafter at amortised costs using the eff ective interest method as of the balance sheet date. The bonds with conversion rights were measured at fair value on initial recognition, with a marketconsistent comparative interest rate taken into account and with transaction costs deducted. This present value represents the debt component of the bonds, which is posted in the bond liabilities. Their book value represents a revaluation using the eff ective interest method.

With the exception of the bond classifi ed as tier III instrument, the fair values of the fi nancial assets and liabilities were measured by discounting fi nancial surpluses or cash outfl ows. The fair value of the bond was obtained from the market price at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.

Loans and Receivables (LaR) Financial Liabilities measured at
Amortized Cost (AmC)
2018 2017 2018 2017
TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR
Interest income 944 304 0 0
Interest expenses 0 9,869 –9,107
Gains or losses on impairments 205 – 47 0
Gains or losses on derecognition of
liabilities
0 7 1,054
Net earnings 1,149 264 9,869 –8,053

Net earnings in line with IAS 39 measurement categories are therefore as folows:

b) Financial Risks

The Group's business activities expose it to a variety of risks. These include specifi cally liquidity risks. Wherever relevant, variable-rate loans are only concluded on a minor scale while fi xed-rate loans are generally repaid before the end of the fi xed-interest period in line with the business model. There are no material default risks or interest rate risks. Targeted fi nancial risk management is intended to minimise the negative eff ects of these risks on the Group's net asset, fi nancial and earnings situation and cash fl ows. For a description of the risk management system, please see section 4 in the Group management report.

Liquidity Risk

The following tables show the undiscounted, contractually agreed interest and principal payments of the fi nancial liabilities within the scope of IFRS 7:

31 December 2018
Book value Total cash
outfl ow
Cash out
fl ow up to
1 year
Cash out
fl ow 1 to 3
years
Cash out
fl ow 3 to 5
years
Cash out
fl ow after
5 years
TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR
Cash outfl ow for fi nancial
liabilities and bond
231,253 245,378 60,397 172,748 1,595 10,598
Trade payables 4,816 4,816 4,816
Other liabilities 4,984 4,984 4,984
Cash outfl ow for trade
payables and other
liabilities
21,038 21,038 21,038
Cash outfl ow for liabilities
within scope of IFRS 7
262,091 276,216 91,235 172,748 1,595 10,598
31 December 2017
Book value Total cash
outfl ow
Cash out
fl ow up to
1 year
Cash out
fl ow 1 to 3
years
Cash out
fl ow 3 to 5
years
Cash out
fl ow after
5 years
TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR
Cash outfl ow for fi nancial
liabilities
141,386 137,782 68,764 57,640 7,344 4,034
Trade payables 2,236 2,236 2,236
Other liabilities 12,869 12,869 12,869
Cash outfl ow for trade
payables and other
liabilities
15,105 15,105 15,105
Cash outfl ow for liabilities
within scope of IFRS 7
156,491 152,887 83,869 57,640 7,344 4,034

The interest rates at the respective balance sheet date were used to determine interest payments for interest-bearing loans with variable interest rates in future reporting periods. At the moment, the ACCENTRO Group is not exposed to signifi cant interest rate risks.

The share of repayments from retail property sales itemised among the current fi nancial liabilities amounts to TEUR 54,357 for the 2019 fi nancial year. Short-term cash outfl ows in a total amount of TEUR 60,397 are anticipated in 2019, with interest and scheduled repayments taken into account.

The ACCENTRO Group kept cash and cash equivalents of TEUR 15,464 (previous period: TEUR 7,875) on hand as of the balance sheet data to cover its cash outfl ows. An additional TEUR 18,607 in trade receivables and an estimated TEUR 141,680 worth of inventory properties can be liquidated within one year. Short-term payables from operating costs in the amount of TEUR 6,597 not yet settled are matched by short-term receivables in the amount of TEUR 8,064 for operating costs not yet settled.

Financial Covenants

The Group has credit agreements and corporate bonds totalling around EUR 106.3 million (previous year: EUR 21.7 million) that require compliance with certain fi nancial covenants (e.g. debt service coverage ratios, debt ratios, minimum annual net rents or subordinated debt-toequity, change of control). Breaches of these requirements could trigger payments into blocked accounts or early repayment obligations on the basis of a contractually agreed escalation procedure. Possible breaches of contract concerning the fi nancial covenants are remedied directly with the banks, with whom the Group remains in close contact. Moreover, the Group uses appropriate monitoring methods to detect any early signs of a risk that covenants might be breached, and strives to prevent the breach through adequate countermeasures.

The main existing fi nancial covenants are detailed in section 5.6 of the notes to the consolidated fi nancial statements.

The ACCENTRO Group's is currently not exposed to any material bad debt risks as a result of its original business model. However, several long-term loans were granted to associates and associated companies, some of which are subordinated and not fully collateralised (see item 5.1.3). As a rule, ACCENTRO provides privatisation or advisory services to borrowers and is thus involved in the operational management of the companies and knows how to assess default risks at an early stage. ACCENTRO deems the default risks very low as of the balance sheet date.

5.22 Related-Party Transactions

One subsidiary of ACCENTRO Group (ESTAVIS Wohneigentum GmbH) is a fully liable partner of the Wohneigentum Berlin GbR joint venture. As of the reporting date, there are accounts receivable from the Wohneigentum Berlin GbR in the amount of TEUR 3.

The Management Board of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG received the following compensation and benefi ts:

2018 2017
Fixed Variable Equity
based
Total Fixed Variable Total
TEUR TEUR TEU TEUR TEUR TEUR TEUR
Jacopo Mingazzini 330 280 134 744 283 358 641

Collectively, the total remuneration disbursed to the CEO amounted to TEUR 620 for the 2018 fi nancial year. This remuneration includes, in addition to the paid-out fi xed remuneration plus non-cash remuneration in the amount of TEUR 330, the bonus claimed for the previous year in the amount of TEUR 280.

On 3 July 2018, EMMALU GmbH announced its off -market acquisition of 272,851 shares in ACCENTRO Real Estate AG. The company EMMALU GmbH is closely linked to ACCENTRO's CEO, Jacopo Mingazzini. The shares originated in the portfolio of ACCENTRO's main shareholder. Accordingly, this implies a transaction between the main shareholder and the CEO of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG. For fi nancial reporting purposes, however, these facts and circumstances should be attributed to ACCENTRO pursuant to IFRS 2 even though ACCENTRO is not a contractual partner here. The majority shareholder is bound to a standstill agreement because the majority shareholder will have to redeem the shares at the originally agreed purchase price if the share price were to fall. As a result of the standstill obligation, this transaction qualifi es as a stock option model for reporting purposes (parameters used: strike price: EUR 7.33; term: 3 years; volatility: 43.87%; dividend yield: 2%; risk-free interest rate: –0.54%). The expense from this stock option compensation amounts to c. TEUR 1,200 over a term of 3 years, out of which total c. TEUR 134 had to be deferred in the 2018 fi nancial year.

The expenses toward the remuneration of the sole member of the Management Board recognised in the consolidated fi nancial statements amounted to TEUR 804 in the year under review, and break down into TEUR 330 (salary and non-cash remuneration) and the bonus provision recognised in the fi nancial statement (TEUR 240), as well as a one-off bonus payment over TEUR 100 for the 2017 fi nancial year that was recognised as expense in the 2018 fi nancial year. In addition, the stock option compensation described above resulted in payroll and benefi t costs of TEUR 134 also attributable to the period. The bonus for the 2018 fi nancial year was not yet due for payment during the year under review.

The Member of the Supervisory Board were exclusively paid fi xed remunerations for the fi nancial years shown:

2018 2017
Fixed Fixed
TEUR TEUR
Axel Harloff (Chairman) 60 60
Dr. Dirk Hoff mann (Deputy Chairman) 45 45
Natig Ganiyev 30 2.5
Carsten Wolff (until 8 December 2017) 0 27.5
Total 135 135

6 Events After the Reporting Date

No events of material significance for ACCENTRO AG or its Group companies transpired between the end of the 2018 financial year and the date in the 2019 financial year when the financial statements were approved.

7 Other Disclosures

The auditor was paid the following remuneration for services provided to the ACCENTRO Group:

2018 2017
TEUR TEUR
Audits of fi nancial statements 274 276*
Other assurance services 0 0
Tax advisory services 0 0
Other services 277** 14
Total 551 290

* Out of the sum total of professional fees and expenses for auditor services, TEUR 48 represent the previous year.

** Other benefi ts include an insurance premium of TEUR 229 that was passed on in connection with the issuance of a comfort letter.

The declaration on the Corporate Governance Code in accordance with Sec. 161, AktG, was issued in March 2019 and made permanently available to the shareholders on the homepage of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG (www.accentro.ag).

Berlin, 14 March 2019

Jacopo Mingazzini Management Board

Notes CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Responsibility Statement

To the best of our knowledge, and in accordance with the applicable reporting principles, the consolidated fi nancial statements give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, fi nancial position, and profi t or loss of the Group, while the Group management report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the Group's business and state of aff airs, together with a description of the principal opportunities and risks associated with the Group's prospective development going forward.

Berlin, 14 March 2019

Jacopo Mingazzini Management Board

Group Auditor's Report

Report on the audit of the consolidated financial statements and of the Group Management Report

Audit Opinions

We have audited the consolidated fi nancial statements of ACCENTRO Real Estate Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin, and its subsidiaries (the Group), which comprise the consolidated statement of fi nancial position as of December 31, 2018, and the consolidated statement of comprehensive income, consolidated statement of changes in equity and consolidated statement of cash fl ows for the fi nancial year from January 1 to December 31, 2018, and notes to the consolidated fi nancial statements, including a summary of signifi cant accounting policies.

In addition, we have audited the Group Management Report which is combined with the management report (following: "Group Management Report") of ACCENTRO Real Estate Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin, for the fi nancial year from January 1 to December 31, 2018. In accordance with the German legal requirements we have not audited the content of the corporate governance statement published in accordance with section 315d HGB, which is referred to in the Group Management Report.

In our opinion, on the basis of the knowledge obtained in the audit,

  • the accompanying consolidated fi nancial statements comply, in all material respects, with the International Financial reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the EU, and the additional requirements of German commercial law pursuant to § 315e Abs. 1 HGB and, in compliance with these requirements, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, and fi nancial position of the Group as of December 31, 2018, and of its fi nancial performance for the fi nancial year from January 1 to December 31, 2018, and
  • the accompanying Group Management Report as a whole provides an appropriate view of the Group's position. In all material respects, this Group Management Report is consistent with the consolidated fi nancial statements, complies with German legal requirements and appropriately presents the opportunities and risks of future development. Our opinion on the Group Management Report does not cover the content of the corporate governance statement published on the ACCENTRO Real Estate AG website in accordance with section 315 d HGB, which is referred to in Chapter 6 of the Group Management Report.

Pursuant to § 322 Abs. 3 Satz 1 HGB, we declare that our audit has not led to any reservations relating to the legal compliance of the consolidated fi nancial statements and of the Group Management Report.

Basis for the Audit Opinions

We conducted our audit of the consolidated fi nancial statements and of the Group Management Report in accordance with § 317 HGB and the EU Audit Regulation (No. 537/2014, referred to subsequently as "EU Audit Regulation") and in compliance with German Generally Accepted Standards for Financial Statement Audits promulgated by the Institut der Wirtschaftsprüfer (IDW). Our responsibilities under those requirements are further described in the "Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements and of the Group Management Report" section of our auditor's report. We are independent of the group entities in accordance with the requirements of European law and German commercial and professional law, and we have fulfi lled our other German professional responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. In addition, in accordance with Article 10 (2) point (f) of

the EU Audit Regulation, we declare that we have not provided non-audit services prohibited under Article 5 (1) of the EU Audit Regulation. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is suffi cient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinions on the consolidated fi nancial statements and on the Group Management Report.

Key Audit Matters in the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most signifi cance in our audit of the consolidated fi nancial statements for the fi nancial year from January 1 to December 31, 2018. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated fi nancial statements as a whole, and in forming our audit opinion thereon; we do not provide a separate audit opinion on these matters.

In the following, we describe what we consider to be the key audit matters:

  • 1) Revenue recognition from the sales of inventory properties
  • 2) Recognition and measurement of inventory properties

On 1) Revenue recognition from the sale of inventory properties

a) Risk for the consolidated fi nancial statements

As of December 31, 2018, the ACCENTRO Real Estate AG Group reports revenues from the sale of inventory properties in the amount of EUR 194,00 Mio., which account for 94.4% of total revenues. Revenues are generated by way of individual privatization and so-called real estate portfolio sales, whereby the audit risk of these two distribution channels must be assessed diff erently. While for single-privatization the revenue recognition is mostly based on standardized purchase contracts and less judgmental and less complex accounting decisions, real estate portfolio sales generally require a case-by-case assessment based on the respective sale and purchase agreement due to their higher level of complexity in terms of revenue recognition.

The information provided by the company for the recognition of revenue is reported in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements "2.12" and "5.11" as well as in sections 2.3 "Business Development" and 2.4 "Earnings, Financial and Net Asset Position" of the Group Management Report.

Management makes use of tax, legal and accounting expertise by third party experts for the sale of larger real estate portfolios. Depending on the terms of the contract, a sale may be subject to collateral agreements, be designed by way of an asset or share deal and/ or the benefi cial ownership of the real estate portfolio may be transferred before receipt of a purchase price, whereby management is signifi cantly involved in the drafting of the contract.

In the case of individual privatisations, the transfer of benefi ts and burdens of the property and thus the revenue recognition usually takes place upon receipt of the purchase price by the group or on a notary trust account, but may also depend on the fulfi lment of further requirements.

Group Auditor's Report CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The risk for the consolidated fi nancial statements lies in improper recognition of revenues. Taking into account the substantial impact of each real estate portfolio sale and the large number of privatization sales in temporal proximity to year end, the risk of signifi cant errors in the revenue recognition from these sales transactions is of particular relevance for our audit.

b) Auditor's response and conclusions

The examination of the revenue recognition of sales of real estate portfolios takes place on a case-by-case basis through critical appraisal of the contract. In 2018 13 sales were completed as so-called portfolio sales. By way of a case-by-case examination, we assessed all portfolio purchase agreements, in particular with regard to proper revenue recognition. The Group's appraisal of the contractual arrangements by obtaining legal advice from knowledgeable third parties is suffi ciently documented and justifi ed to substantiate the revenue recognition of real estate portfolio sales in the fi nancial statements.

For revenue recognition from individual privatizations, we obtained an understanding of the processes implemented in the Group to ensure the completeness and accuracy of revenue recognition and have assessed the internal controls for appropriateness. We conducted appropriate tests to assess the eff ectiveness of the controls identifi ed during the process. For property sales from individual privatizations close to the balance sheet date, we examined the purchase agreements and verifi ed the incoming payments in an random sample to ensure that sales were correctly recognized in the reporting year.

Our audit did not lead to any material reservations relating to the recognition of revenues.

On 2) Recognition and measurement of inventory properties

a) Risk for the consolidated fi nancial statements

As of 31 December 2018, the Group reported EUR 345.2 million in inventory properties as material assets. The share of the balance sheet total amounts to around 72.8%. Properties acquired for the purpose of short-term privatization and sale are reported as inventory properties. In most cases, the transfer of benefi ts and burdens and thus control of the inventory properties is linked to the payment of the purchase price, in some cases also to the fulfi lment of further conditions. In addition to the purchase price, the incidental acquisition costs, typically real estate transfer tax, notary fees and brokerage commissions, are to be recognised in full and correctly at the time of acquisition. The costs of the construction and maintenance measures carried out to make the property ready for sale are recognised as subsequent acquisition costs. The acquisition costs are to be allocated to the individual residential units of the acquired inventory properties in accordance with the expected sales prices and in an appropriate procedure in such a way that a largely consistent realisation of margins is ensured upon their sale. When individual residential units are sold, the proportionate acquisition costs allocated to these units are to be fully derecognised from the inventory properties. On the basis of the expected selling prices, an assessment must be made as of the balance sheet date as to whether there are any impairment risks on disposal which must be taken into account by write-downs.

The Company's disclosures on the balance sheet presentation of inventory properties are contained in Notes "2.8" and "5.2" to the consolidated fi nancial statements and in section "2.4 Results of operations, fi nancial position and net assets" of the Group Management Report. Due to the material absolute and relative amount, the correct recognition and measurement of inventory properties is of particular importance for the consolidated fi nancial statements and thus for our audit.

b) Auditor's response and conclusions

We have obtained an understanding of the processes implemented in the Group to ensure the completeness and accuracy of the recognition and the measurement of the inventory properties, the appropriate allocation of acquisition costs to the acquired residential units and the correct derecognition of the carrying amounts or residential units upon sale and subsequently assessed their appropriateness. We have performed tests to evaluate the effectiveness of the controls identifi ed in the process. For the major purchases of inventory properties in the year under review, we have verifi ed the transfer of ownership and the determination of acquisition costs on the basis of the purchase agreements and the supporting documents for the ancillary acquisition costs. For the material sales in the year under review, we have fully tested the derecognition of the related inventory values and for the remaining sales in samples on the basis of a margin analysis. In the case of the inventory properties that have already been held by the group for a longer time, we have verifi ed that no material impairment risks exist based of the sales and margins realized and planned.

In our opinion, the processes implemented in the Group to ensure proper recognition and measurement of inventory properties are appropriate. Our audit did not lead to any reservations relating to the recognition and measurement of inventory properties.

Other Information

Management is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises:

  • the corporate governance statement published on the website of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG, Berlin, which is referred to in Chapter 6 of the Group Management Report
  • The Responsibility Statement regarding the consolidated fi nancial statements and the Group Management Report.
  • the Corporate Governance Report in accordance with No. 3.10 of the German Corporate Governance Code.
  • the remaining parts of the annual report, with the exception of the audited consolidated fi nancial statements and Group Management Report and our auditor's report.

Our audit opinions on the consolidated fi nancial statements and on the Group Management Report do not cover the other information, and consequently we do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in so doing, to consider whether the other information

  • is materially inconsistent with the consolidated fi nancial statements, with the Group Management Report or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or
  • otherwise appears to be materially misstated.

If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

Responsibilities of Management and the Supervisory Board for the Consolidated Financial Statements and the Group Management Report

Management is responsible for the preparation of the consolidated fi nancial statements that comply, in all material respects, with IFRSs as adopted by the EU and the additional requirements of German commercial law pursuant to § 315e Abs. 1 HGB and that the consolidated fi nancial statements, in compliance with these requirements, give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, fi nancial position, and fi nancial performance of the Group. In addition, management is responsible for such internal control as management has determined necessary to enable the preparation of consolidated fi nancial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the consolidated fi nancial statements, management is responsible for assessing the Group's ability to continue as a going concern. It also has the responsibility for disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern. In addition, management is responsible for fi nancial reporting based on the going concern basis of accounting unless there is an intention to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or there is no realistic alternative but to do so.

Furthermore, management is responsible for the preparation of the Group Management Report that, as a whole, provides an appropriate view of the Group's position and is, in all material respects, consistent with the consolidated fi nancial statements, complies with German legal requirements, and appropriately presents the opportunities and risks of future development. In addition, management is responsible for such arrangements and measures (systems) as they have considered necessary to enable the preparation of a Group Management Report that is in accordance with the applicable German legal requirements, and to be able to provide suffi cient appropriate evidence for the assertions in the Group Management Report.

The supervisory board is responsible for overseeing the Group's fi nancial reporting process for the preparation of the consolidated fi nancial statements and of the Group Management Report.

Auditor's Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements and of the Group Management Report

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated fi nancial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and whether the Group Management Report as a whole provides an appropriate view of the Group's position and, in all material respects, is consistent with the consolidated fi nancial statements and the knowledge obtained in the audit, complies with the German legal requirements and appropriately presents the opportunities and risks of future development, as well as to issue an auditor's report that includes our audit opinions on the consolidated fi nancial statements and on the Group Management Report.

Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with § 317 HGB and the EU Audit Regulation and in compliance with German Generally Accepted Standards for Financial Statement Audits promulgated by the Institut der Wirtschaftsprüfer (IDW) will always detect a material misstatement. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to infl uence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated fi nancial statements and this Group Management Report.

We exercise professional judgment and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:

  • Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated fi nancial statements and of the Group Management Report, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is suffi cient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinions. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
  • Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit of the consolidated fi nancial statements and of arrangements and measures (systems) relevant to the audit of the Group Management Report in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an audit opinion on the eff ectiveness of these systems.
  • Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used by management and the reasonableness of estimates made by management and related disclosures.
  • Conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast signifi cant doubt on the Group's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in the auditor's report to the related disclosures in the consolidated fi nancial statements and in the Group Management Report or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our respective audit opinions. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to be able to continue as a going concern.
  • Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated fi nancial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the consolidated fi nancial statements present the underlying transactions and events in a manner that the consolidated fi nancial statements give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, fi nancial position and fi nancial performance of the Group in compliance with IFRSs as adopted by the EU and the additional requirements of German commercial law pursuant to § 315e Abs. 1 HGB.
  • Obtain suffi cient appropriate audit evidence regarding the fi nancial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express opinions on the consolidated fi nancial statements and on the Group Management Report. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinions.
  • Evaluate the consistency of the Group Management Report with the consolidated fi nancial statements, its conformity with law, and the view of the Group's position it provides.
  • Perform audit procedures on the prospective information presented by management in the Group Management Report. On the basis of suffi cient appropriate audit evidence we evaluate, in particular, the signifi cant assumptions used by management as a basis for the prospective information, and evaluate the proper derivation of the prospective information from these assumptions. We do not express a separate audit opinion on the prospective information and on the assumptions used as a basis. There is a substantial unavoidable risk that future events will diff er materially from the prospective information.

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and signifi cant audit fi ndings, including any signifi cant defi ciencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with the relevant independence requirements, and communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, the related safeguards.

From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most signifi cance in the audit of the consolidated fi nancial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter.

Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements

Further Information pursuant to Article 10 of the EU Audit Regulation

We were elected as group auditor by the annual general meeting on May 15, 2018. We were engaged by the supervisory board on January 28, 2019. We have been the group auditor of ACCENTRO Real Estate Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin, without interruption since the short fi scal year 2014.

We declare that the audit opinions expressed in this auditor's report are consistent with the additional report to the audit committee pursuant to Article 11 of the EU Audit Regulation (long-form audit report).

German Public Auditor Responsible for the Engagement

The German Public Auditor responsible for the engagement is Florian Riedl.

Hamburg, March 14, 2019

Ebner Stolz GmbH & Co. KG Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft Steuerberatungsgesellschaft

Dirk Schützenmeister Florian Riedl Wirtschaftsprüfer Wirtschaftsprüfer

(German Public Auditor) (German Public Auditor)

Further Information

  • Directors and Offi cers
  • Forward-looking Statements
  • Financial Calendar
  • Credits

Directors and Officers

Supervisory Board

Axel Harloff (Chairman)

  • Member of the Supervisory Board since 1 September 2014
  • Merchant
  • Other mandates:
  • Chairman of the Supervisory Board of CONSUS Real Estate AG, Berlin
  • Member of the Management Board of ERWE Immobilien AG, Frankfurt am Main

Dr. Dirk Hoffmann (Deputy Chairman)

  • Member of the Supervisory Board since 1 September 2014
  • Attorney at law
  • Other mandates:
  • Chairman of the Supervisory Board of ADLER Real Estate AG, Berlin
  • Chairman of the Supervisory Board of WESTGRUND Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin
  • Chairman of the Supervisory Board of SQUADRA Immobilien GmbH & Co. KGaA, Frankfurt am Main

Natig Ganiyev

  • Member of the Supervisory Board since 1 December 2017
  • Managing Director of Vestigo Capital Advisors LLP, London
  • Other mandates:
  • Director Brookline Capital GP Limited, Guernsey
  • Board Member of Malta Montenegro Wind Power JV Ltd, Ta' Xbiex, Malta

Management Board

Jacopo Mingazzini

  • Initial appointment: 16 March 2012
  • Current appointment ends: 15 March 2021
  • Merchant

Forward-looking Statements

This annual report contains specifi c forward-looking statements. A forward-looking statement is any statement that does not relate to historical facts and events. This applies, in particular, to statements relating to future fi nancial earning capacity, plans and expectations with respect to the business and management of ACCENTRO Real Estate AG, growth, profi tability and the general economic and regulatory conditions and other factors to which ACCENTRO is exposed.

Forward-looking statements are based on current estimates and assumptions made by the company to the best of its knowledge. Such forward-looking statements are based on assumptions and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause the actual results including the net asset, fi nancial and earnings situation of ACCENTRO to diff er materially from or disappoint expectations expressed or implied by these statements. The operating activities of ACCENTRO are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may also cause a forwardlooking statement, estimate or prediction to become inaccurate.

Financial Calendar

2019

3 May 2019 Quarterly Statement for the Period 1 January through 31 March 2019
14 May 2019 Annual General Meeting, Berlin
12 June 2019 Quirin Champions 2019 investor conference, Frankfurt
8 August 2019 Half-Year Financial Report 2019
3 September 2019 SRC Forum Financials & Real Estate 2019, Frankfurt
23–26 September 2019 Baader Investment Conference 2019, Munich
6 November 2019 Quarterly Statement for the Period
1 January through 30 September 2019

All dates are provisional. Please check our website www.accentro.ag for confi rmation.

ACCENTRO Real Estate AG Uhlandstr. 165 10719 Berlin, Germany Phone: +49 (0)30 887 181 - 0 Telefax: +49 (0)30 887 181 - 11 E-Mail: [email protected] Home: www.accentro.ag

Management Board

Jacopo Mingazzini

Chairman of the Supervisory Board

Axel Harloff , Hamburg

Contact

ACCENTRO Real Estate AG Investor & Public Relations Phone: +49 (0)30 887 181 - 799 Telefax: +49 (0)30 887 181 - 779 E-Mail: [email protected]

Concept, Editing, Layout

Goldmund Kommunikation, Berlin www.goldmund-kommunikation.de

Photo

Management Board: Die Hoff otografen

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