Annual Report • Mar 31, 2019
Annual Report
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Annual report and financial statements 31 March 2019
It invests mainly in unquoted venture capital holdings and aims to provide high long-term tax-free returns to shareholders through a combination of dividend yield and capital growth.
| Year ended 31 March: | 2019 | 2018 |
|---|---|---|
| Net assets | £82.7m | £84.3m |
| Net asset value per share | 94.2p | 94.0p |
| Return per share | ||
| Revenue | 1.8p | 1.9p |
| Capital | 3.8p | (4.0)p |
| Total | 5.6p | (2.1)p |
| Dividend per share for the year | ||
| Interim dividend | 2.0p | 2.0p |
| Proposed final dividend |
2.0p | 3.5p |
| Total | 4.0p | 5.5p |
| Cumulative return to shareholders since launch | ||
| Net asset value per share | 94.2p | 94.0p |
| Dividends paid per share* | 91.4p | 85.9p |
| Net asset value plus dividends paid per share | 185.6p | 179.9p |
| Mid-market share price at end of year | 86.0p | 89.5p |
| Share price discount to net asset value | 8.7% | 4.8% |
| Tax-free dividend yield (based on net asset value per share at the start of the year) |
4.3% | 5.2% |
*Excluding proposed final dividend payable on 19 July 2019
Definitions of the terms and alternative performance measures used in this report can be found in the Glossary of terms on page 45.
Results announced 16 May 2019 Shares quoted ex dividend 20 June 2019 Record date for final dividend 21 June 2019 Annual general meeting 15 July 2019, 12.00 noon, NVM Private Equity LLP, Time Central, 32 Gallowgate, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4SN Final dividend paid 19 July 2019
Northern 3 VCT has had a productive year during which ten new VCT–qualifying investments were completed and a successful public share offer was launched and fully subscribed.
Northern 3 VCT has had a productive year during which ten new VCT–qualifying investments were completed and a successful public share offer was launched and fully subscribed. Cashflow remained strong, supported by a number of notable investment sales and as a result, your company is well placed to support our evolving portfolio.
The net asset value (NAV) per share at 31 March 2019, after deducting dividends totalling 5.5 pence paid during the year, was 94.2 pence compared with 94.0 pence as at 31 March 2018. The total return per share for the year as shown in the income statement was 5.6 pence (last year minus 2.1 pence), equivalent to 6.0% of the opening NAV. The company's NAV total return over five years remains ahead of the UK equity market total return index which we use as a comparator.
We are continuing to build a portfolio of investments in innovative earlier stage UK companies with significant growth potential, with a view to achieving a capital return rather than income generation. The potential returns are attractive, however the investment holding period required will typically be longer and there may be greater fluctuations in short-term results. Paying regular dividends whilst seeking to sustain the NAV per share is a priority for your board and future distributions will continue to have regard to the level of returns generated. As stated in the latest half-yearly report, our medium-term aim, subject to regular review, is to provide a dividend yield of 4% per annum.
After careful consideration, we have proposed a final dividend of 2.0 pence in respect of the year, which together with the interim dividend of 2.0 pence paid in January makes a total of 4.0 pence. The total dividend equatesto a tax-free yield of 4.3% based on the opening NAV per share. The proposed final dividend will, subject to approval by shareholders at the annual general meeting, be paid on 19 July 2019 to shareholders on the register on 21 June 2019.
The rate of new investment has been encouraging over the past year with the ten new VCT-qualifying investments costing £6.3 million. Taken with follow-on investments totalling £3.7 million, the overall venture capital investment rate was £10.0 million for the second successive year. We expect to continue to allocate a significant proportion of our annual investment activity to providing additional growth capital to our existing portfolio companies. Around 50% by value of the unquoted portfolio consists of investments in more mature businesses acquired under previous iterations of the VCT scheme rules. Healthy gains were realised from the successful sales of several investments from the mature portfolio, a trend we hope will continue in the coming years as the earlier stage portfolio develops.
In the quoted venture capital portfolio, a number of investee companies made progress during the year, with valuations increasing overall accordingly. Both Cityfibre Infrastructure Holdings and Sinclair Pharma were the subjects of agreed takeover bids during the year, supporting the overall positive return.
Having reviewed the likely cash requirements over the coming years, we launched a 'top-up' share issue in January 2019 in order to maintain a comfortable margin of liquidity for future investment activity. We raised our full target of £6.6 million in 12 days and would like to thank all investors for the vote of confidence shown in Northern 3 VCT.
Our dividend investment scheme, under which dividends can be re-invested in new ordinary shares free of dealing costs and with the benefit of the tax reliefs available on new VCT share subscriptions, continues to operate. Shareholders who wish to join the scheme or amend their current participation in the scheme may obtain an updated scheme mandate form from NVM's website at www.nvm.co.uk.
We have maintained our policy of buying back our shares in the market, where necessary to maintain market liquidity, at a discount of 5% to NAV. During the year 2,565,184 shares, equivalent to approximately 2.9% of the opening share capital, were re-purchased for cancellation at an average cost of 88.5 pence per share.
The company has continued to meet the qualifying conditions laid down by HM Revenue & Customs for maintaining its approval as a VCT. The board reviews the company's compliance position on a regular basis with the manager. A professional firm of accountants which specialises in VCT compliance continues to act as independent adviser to the company on VCT taxation matters.
We have grown accustomed to frequent legislative change in recent years, however the past 12 months has provided a welcome period of stability with no further amendments to the VCT scheme rules proposed in the most recent Autumn Budget Statement. Previously announced measures are still being implemented on a phased basis and as previously reported, from April 2020 your company will be required to hold at least 80% of its funds in VCT qualifying assets (previously 70%). The board and our investment manager are monitoring progress towards this target very closely and are encouraged by the strong investment rate.
Until recently, most VCTs have submitted their potential investment opportunities to HMRC via the advanced assurance service, whereby an indicative opinion as to the qualifying nature of a proposed investment may be sought. HMRC has a long stated aim of limiting the focus of this non-statutory service to those cases which are deemed to be more subjective and to therefore encourage VCTs to self-assure their more straight-forward cases. Your board is encouraged that efforts to clarify how selfassurance should work in practice have recently resulted in HMRC issuing updates to their VCT guidance notes. In future, our intention is to self-assure cases which satisfy certain criteria and on which an opinion has been issued by a professional adviser.
We have been operating for some time against a backdrop of political and economic uncertainty and these conditions look set to continue for some time as the deadline for the UK to leave the European Union has been extended. The uncertainty created by this delay in conjunction with other macro-economic factors is causing a certain degree of volatility in financial markets. Whilst limited clarity has yet emerged as to the future trading relationship between the UK and the EU, our manager's approach has been to work with individual portfolio companies to assess specific risks and plan for a variety of potential outcomes. Our manager has a good record of dealing with periods of change and we remain confident in their ability to deliver good results for shareholders in the medium to long-term.
James Ferguson Chairman 16 May 2019
aged 71, was chairman and managing director of Stewart Ivory Limited from 1989 until 2000. He is chairman of Value & Income Trust plc, The Monks Investment Trust plc, North American Income Trust plc and The Scottish Oriental Smaller Companies Trust plc, a non-executive director of The Independent Investment Trust plc and a former deputy chairman of the Association of Investment Companies. He was appointed to the board in 2001 and became chairman in 2009.
aged 67, is managing partner of io solutions (e-business strategy advisers) and a governor of Teesside University. He was formerly chairman of Darlington Building Society, group chief executive of Whessoe plc and a non-executive director of NCFE Limited. He was appointed to the board in 2001.
aged 70, is executive chairman of NVM Private Equity LLP, which he co-founded in 1988. He is a non-executive director of Northern Venture Trust PLC and several unquoted companies and a member of the Association of Investment Companies' VCT Forum. He was appointed to the board in 2001.
aged 63, was until 2015 chief executive of Archangel Investors Limited, a Scottish based syndicate of individual private investors, and sits on the boards of numerous unquoted companies. He also advises two early stage funds and was previously a director of Noble Grossart Limited. He was appointed to the board in 2007.
James Bryce LLB Time Central 32 Gallowgate Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4SN Telephone: 0191 244 6000 Fax: 0191 244 6001 E-mail: [email protected]
Registered number 04280530
NVM Private Equity LLP Time Central 32 Gallowgate Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4SN
Brewin Dolphin Limited Time Central 32 Gallowgate Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4SR
KPMG LLP Saltire Court 20 Castle Terrace Edinburgh EH1 2EG
Philip Hare & Associates LLP 4–6 Staple Inn London WC1V 7QH
Reed Smith LLP Broadgate Tower 20 Primrose Street London EC2A 2RS
Panmure Gordon (UK) Limited One New Change London EC4M 9AF
Barclays Bank PLC Barclays House 5 St Ann's Street Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3DX
Equiniti Limited Aspect House Spencer Road Lancing BN99 6DA Shareholder helpline: 0800 028 2349
Northern 3 VCT PLC is a Venture Capital Trust (VCT) launched in September 2001. The company invests mainly in unquoted venture capital holdings, with its remaining assets invested in a portfolio of equity investments and bank deposits.
Northern 3 VCT PLC is managed by NVM Private Equity LLP (NVM), an independent specialist firm of venture capital managers based in Newcastle upon Tyne, Reading, London, Manchester and Birmingham. NVM also acts as manager or adviser of two other listed investment companies, Northern Venture Trust PLC and Northern 2 VCT PLC, and three limited partnerships, NV1 LP, NV2 LP and NVM Private Equity Vintage III LP. NVM has a total of over £400 million under management.
Northern 3 VCT is a member of the Association of Investment Companies (AIC).
Venture Capital Trusts (VCTs) were introduced by the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the November 1994 Budget, the relevant legislation now being contained in the Income Tax Act 2007. VCTs are intended to provide a means whereby private individuals can invest in small unquoted trading companies in the UK, with an incentive in the form of a range of tax benefits. With effect from 6 April 2006, the benefits to eligible investors include:
Subscribers for shares in VCTs between 6 April 2004 and 5 April 2006 were entitled to income tax relief at 40% rather than 30% and the shares had to be held for at least three years rather than five years. Prior to 6 April 2004, subscribers for shares in VCTs were entitled to income tax relief at 20% and could also obtain capital gains deferral relief. Capital gains deferred by pre-6 April 2004 subscriptions are not affected by the subsequent changes in VCT tax reliefs.
In order to maintain approved status, a VCT must comply on a continuing basis with the provisions of Section 274 of the Income Tax Act 2007; in particular, a VCT is required at all times to hold at least 70% by value of its investments (as defined in the legislation) in qualifying holdings, of which at least 70% (for investments made by funds raised after 5 April 2011 and for all investments made after 5 April 2018) must comprise eligible ordinary shares.
For this purpose a "qualifying holding" is an investment in new shares or securities of an unquoted company (which may however be quoted on AIM) which has a permanent establishment in the UK, is carrying on a qualifying trade, and whose gross assets and number of employees at the time of investment do not exceed prescribed limits.
The definition of "qualifying trade" excludes certain activities such as property investment and development, financial services and asset leasing. The Finance (No 2) Act 2015 contained a number of significant changes to the VCT rules for investments completed after its introduction, designed to secure approval of the VCT scheme by the European Commission. A company whose trade is more than seven years old (ten years for 'knowledge intensive' companies) will generally only qualify for VCT investment if it has previously received Stateaided risk finance before the end of the initial investing period or the new investment exceeds 10% of the total turnover for the past five years and the funds are used for new products and/ or geographical markets; there is a lifetime limit of £12 million (£20 million for 'knowledge intensive' companies) on the amount of Stateaid funding receivable by a company; and VCT funds may not be used by a company to acquire shares in another company or to acquire a business. A breach of the requirements may lead to a loss of VCT status.
The Finance Act 2018 contained further changes to the conditions for a VCT to maintain its approved status. The changes are designed to increase the level of qualifying investments made by VCTs and are being introduced on a phased basis. A non-exhaustive list of the main points is as follows:
The company's financial calendar for the year ending 31 March 2020 is as follows:
Half-yearly financial report for six months ending 30 September 2019 published
Interim dividend paid
Final dividend and results for year to 31 March 2020 announced; annual report and financial statements published
Annual general meeting; final dividend paid
The company's share price is carried daily in the Financial Times, the Daily Telegraph and the Newcastle Journal. The company's FTSE Actuaries classification is "Investment Companies - VCTs".
A range of shareholder information is provided on the internet at www.shareview.co.uk by the company's registrars, Equiniti Limited, including details of shareholdings, indicative share prices and information on recent dividends (see page 4 for contact details for Equiniti Limited).
Share price information can also be obtained via the NVM website at www.nvm.co.uk.
The company operates a dividend investment scheme, giving shareholders the option of investing their dividends in new ordinary shares in the company with the benefit of the tax reliefs currently available to VCT subscribers. Information about the dividend investment scheme can also be obtained from the Company Secretary (see page 4 for contact details).
The company continues to provide the option to shareholders to receive communications from the company electronically rather than by paper copy. Shareholders who wish to join the scheme, which is operated by the company's registrars, Equiniti Limited, should visit www.shareview.co.uk, register for a Shareview portfolio and select 'Email' as their preferred method of delivery of company communications.
The company's objective is to provide high long-term tax-free returns to investors through a combination of dividend yield and capital growth.
This report has been prepared by the directors in accordance with the requirements of Section 414 of the Companies Act 2006. The company's independent auditor is required by law to report on whether the information given in the strategic report and directors' report is consistent with the financial statements. The auditor's report is set out on pages 26 to 28.
The company's objective is to provide high long-term tax-free returns to investors through a combination of dividend yield and capital growth, by investing primarily in unquoted UK manufacturing, service and technology businesses which meet the manager's key criteria of good value, growth potential, strong management and ability to generate cash in the medium to long term.
The company's investment policy has been designed to enable the company to achieve its objective whilst complying with the qualifying conditions set out in the VCT rules, as amended by HM Government from time to time.
The directorsintend that the long-term disposition of the company's assets will be approximately 80% in a portfolio of VCT-qualifying unquoted and AIM-quoted investments and 20% in other investments selected with a view to producing an enhanced return while avoiding undue capital volatility, to provide a reserve of liquidity which will maximise the company's flexibility as to the timing of investment acquisitions and disposals, dividend payments and share buy-backs.
Within the VCT-qualifying portfolio, investments will be structured using various investment instruments, including ordinary and preference shares, loan stocks and convertible securities, to achieve an appropriate balance of income and capital growth. The selection of new investments will necessarily have regard to the VCT rules, which are designed to focus investment on earlier stage development capital opportunities.
The portfolio will be diversified by investing in a broad range of VCT-qualifying industry sectors and by holding investments in companies at different stages of maturity in the corporate development cycle. The normal investment holding period is expected to be in the range from three to ten years.
No single investment will normally represent in excess of 3% of the company's total assets at the time of acquisition. As investments are held with a view to long-term capital growth as well as income, it is possible that individual holdings may grow in value to the point where they represent a significantly higher proportion of total assets prior to a realisation opportunity being available.
Investments will normally be made using the company's equity shareholders' funds and it is not intended that the company will take on any long-term borrowings.
The company is entitled to participate pro rata to net assets in all VCT-qualifying investment opportunities developed by NVM and regularly invests alongside other funds managed by NVM. Under a co-investment scheme introduced in 2006, NVM executives are required to invest personally alongside the funds in each VCTqualifying investment on a predetermined basis.
NVM has acted as the company's investment manager since inception. NVM has an experienced team of venture capital executives based in its offices in Newcastle upon Tyne, Reading, London, Manchester and Birmingham and currently has over £400 million under management.
The board's management engagement committee reviews the terms of NVM's appointment as investment manager on a regular basis. Further information about the terms of the management agreement with NVM and the remuneration payable to NVM is set out in the directors' report on pages 16 and 17 and in Note 3 to the financial statements.
During the year under review Northern 3 VCT recorded a total return, before dividends, of 5.6 pence per share (2018: return of minus 2.1 pence), equivalent to 6.0% of the opening net asset value per share of 94.0 pence. The movement in total net assets and net asset value per share is summarised in Table 2.
Total income from investments increased marginally to £2.5 million (2018: £2.4 million). The basic investment management fee payable to NVM was £1.6 million (2018: £1.5 million) and there was no performancerelated management fee payable in respect of the current year (2018: nil).
The net cash inflow from the venture capital portfolio during the year was £1.1 million, comprising disposal proceeds of £11.1 million less investments of £10.0 million. Portfolio cash flow over the past five years is summarised in Table 1.
After taking account of other cash flows, including dividend payments of £4.9 million, the company's total cash balances decreased in the year by £2.1 million to £19.4 million. In addition the company holds listed equity investments valued at £10.6 million, up from £6.9 million at 31 March 2018.
The directors have declared or proposed dividends totalling 4.0 pence per share in respect of the year, comprising a 1.5 pence revenue dividend and a 2.5 pence capital distribution.
During the year ended 31 March 2019, ten new holdings were added to the venture capital portfolio at a cost of £6.3 million, in addition to follow on investments for existing holdings totalling £3.7 million. The portfolio at 31 March 2019 comprised 57 holdings with an aggregate value of £59.2 million.
A summary of the venture capital holdings at 31 March 2019 is given on page 11, with information on the fifteen largest investments on pages 12 to 15.
| Year ended 31 March | New investment £000 |
Disposal proceeds £000 |
Net cash inflow/(outflow) £000 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | 11,167 | 20,356 | 9,189 |
| 2016 | 11,796 | 7,484 | (4,312) |
| 2017 | 5,620 | 11,324 | 5,704 |
| 2018 | 9,818 | 7,113 | (2,705) |
| 2019 | 10,021 | 11,127 | 1,106 |
| Total | 48,422 | 57,404 | 8,982 |
| Pence per ordinary |
||
|---|---|---|
| £000 | share | |
| Net asset value at 31 March 2018 | 84,260 | 94.0 |
| Net revenue (investment income less revenue expenses and tax) | 1,552 | 1.8 |
| Capital surplus arising on investments: | ||
| Realised net gains on disposals | 3,204 | 3.6 |
| Movements in fair value of investments | 1,195 | 1.3 |
| Expenses allocated to capital account (net of tax relief) | (971) | (1.1) |
| Total return for the year as shown in the income statement | 4,980 | 5.6 |
| Proceeds of issues of new shares (net of expenses) | 664 | – |
| Shares re-purchased for cancellation | (2,269) | 0.1 |
| Net movement for the year before dividends | 3,375 | 5.7 |
| Net asset value at 31 March 2019 before dividends recognised | 87,635 | 99.7 |
| Dividends recognised in the financial statements for the year | (4,904) | (5.5) |
| Net asset value at 31 March 2019 | 82,731 | 94.2 |
The new investments completed during the year were:
Newcells Biotech (£478,000) specialist testing services for the drug development sector, Newcastle upon Tyne
Seahawk Bidco (trading as Love Energy Savings) (£433,000) – business-to-business energy cost comparison and procurement service, Bolton
Details of investment disposals during the year are given in Note 9 on page 38. The most significant disposals (original cost or proceeds in excess of £0.5 million) are summarised in Table 3.
Wear Inns was sold to Aprirose, a specialist investment fund, delivering over two times the original cost over the life of the investment. Love Saving Group was the subject of a secondary management buy-out financed by Lloyds Development Capital (LDC), delivering a return of over 3.5 times the original cost over the life of the investment.
The opportunity was taken to re-invest £0.4 million alongside LDC in the newly formed acquisition vehicle which will continue the group's activities. Closerstill Group was also subject of a secondary buy-out led by Providence Equity Partners. Since the original investment was acquired Northern 3 VCT has participated in several refinancing rounds with the original investment ultimately delivering over 7 times its cost over the entire holding period. Lanner Group was sold to a multinational trade acquirer delivering a return of 2 times cost over the life of the investment.
In addition to the above unquoted investment sales, Graza and Volumatic Holdings redeemed loan stock totalling £1.1 million during the year.
In the AIM-quoted portfolio, there were two holdings subject to agreed takeovers during the year. The investments in Sinclair Pharma and Cityfibre Infrastructure Holdings were both sold, for proceeds representing 1.8 times the combined holding value as at 31 March 2018.
| IT/electronics | 44.0% |
|---|---|
| Consumer | 19.3% |
| Industrial/manufacturing | 6.2% |
| Services | 18.6% |
| Healthcare/biotechnology 11.1% | |
| Other | 0.8% |
| Company | Date of original investment |
Original cost £000 |
Sales proceeds £000 |
Realised surplus/ (deficit) £000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cityfibre Infrastructure Holdings – agreed takeover 2014 | 496 | 608 | 112 | |
| Closerstill Group – secondary buyout* | 2008 | 1,520 | 2,639 | 1,119 |
| Lanner Group – trade sale | 2010 | 251 | 498 | 247 |
| Love Saving Group – secondary buyout | 2015 | 1,017 | 3,233 | 2,216 |
| Sinclair Pharma – agreed takeover | 2007 | 957 | 1,147 | 190 |
| Wear Inns – institutional buyout | 2006 | 1,406 | 1,896 | 490 |
*including where applicable proceeds received on subsequent refinancing rounds which were reinvested in the holding.
| Category | Number of investments |
Valuation £000 |
% of portfolio by value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unquoted investments at directors' valuation | |||
| Earnings/revenue multiple | 14 | 24,908 | 42.0 |
| Price of a recent investment | 7 | 10,913 | 18.4 |
| Original cost | 14 | 10,374 | 17.6 |
| Original cost less provision | 6 | 4,076 | 6.9 |
| Quoted investments at bid price | 41 | 50,271 | 84.9 |
| Listed on London Stock Exchange | 1 | 250 | 0.4 |
| Quoted on AIM | 15 | 8,715 | 14.7 |
| Total | 57 | 59,236 | 100.0 |
The pie charts above show the composition of the venture capital portfolio at 31 March 2019 by value according to age, industry sector, financing stage and whether quoted or unquoted. The management buyout investments were completed before updates to the VCT rules prohibiting this type of investment activity were enacted, in November 2015.
Unquoted investments are valued in accordance with the accounting policy set out on page 34, which takes account of current industry guidelines for the valuation of venture capital portfolios. Where valuations are based on company earnings, audited historic results will be taken into account along with more recent unaudited information and projections where these are considered sufficiently reliable. For investments in earlier stage businesses, where a material arm's length transaction of securities has recently been concluded, this is usually taken as the starting point for fair value, and subsequently tested and recalibrated. Provision against cost is made where an investment is under-performing significantly.
As at 31 March 2019 the number of venture capital investments falling into each valuation category was as shown in Table 4.
*excludes dividend proposed but not yet paid
| Unquoted | 84.9% |
|---|---|
| AIM | 14.7% |
| London Stock Exchange | 0.4% |
The directors regard the following as the key indicators pertaining to the company's performance:
Net asset value and total return to shareholders: the charts at the bottom of the page opposite show the movement in net asset value and total return (net asset value plus cumulative dividends) per share over the past five financial years.
Dividend distributions: the charts at the bottom of this and the opposite page show the dividends (including proposed final dividend) declared in respect of each of the past five financial years and on a cumulative basis since inception.
Ongoing charges: the charts at the bottom of this page show total annual running expenses as a percentage of the average net assets attributable to shareholders for each of the past five financial years.
Maintenance of VCT qualifying status: the directors believe that the company has at all times since inception complied with the VCT qualifying conditions laid down by HM Revenue & Customs.
The board carries out a regular and robust review of the risk environment in which the company operates. The principal risks and uncertainties identified by the board which might affect the company's business model and future performance, and the steps taken with a view to their mitigation, are as follows:
Investment and liquidity risk: investment in smaller and unquoted companies, such as those in which the company invests, involves a higher degree of risk than investment in larger listed companies because they generally have limited product lines, markets and financial resources and may be more dependent on key individuals. The securities of smaller companies in which the company invests are typically unlisted, making them illiquid, and this may cause difficulties in valuing and disposing of the securities. The company may invest in businesses whose shares are quoted on AIM – the fact that a share is quoted on AIM does not mean that it can be readily traded and the spread between the buying and selling prices of such shares may be wide. Mitigation: the directors aim to limit the risk attaching to the portfolio as a whole by careful selection, close monitoring and timely realisation of investments, by carrying out rigorous due diligence procedures and maintaining a wide spread of holdings in terms of financing stage and industry sector. The board reviews the investment portfolio with the manager on a regular basis.
Financial risk: most of the company's investments involve a medium to long-term commitment and many are relatively illiquid. Mitigation: the directors consider that it is inappropriate to finance the company's activities through borrowing except on an occasional short-term basis. Accordingly they seek to maintain a proportion of the company's assets in cash or cash equivalents in order to be in a position to pursue new unquoted investment opportunities and to make follow-on investments in existing portfolio companies. The company has very little direct exposure to foreign currency risk and does not enter into derivative transactions.
Economic risk: events such as economic recession or general fluctuation in stock markets, exchange rates and interest rates may affect the valuation of investee companies and their ability to access adequate financial resources, as well as affecting the company's own share price and discount to net asset value. Mitigation: the company invests in a diversified portfolio of investments spanning various industry sectors, and maintains sufficient cash reserves to be able to provide additional funding to investee companies where appropriate.
Ongoing charges excluding performance fees (% of average net assets)
Stock market risk: some of the company's investments are quoted on the London Stock Exchange or AIM and will be subject to market fluctuations upwards and downwards. External factors such as terrorist activity can negatively impact stock markets worldwide. In times of adverse sentiment there may be very little, if any, market demand for shares in smaller companies quoted on AIM. Mitigation: the company's quoted investments are actively managed by specialist managers, including NVM in the case of the AIM-quoted investments, and the board keeps the portfolio and the actions taken under ongoing review.
Credit risk: the company holds a number of financial instruments and cash deposits and is dependent on the counterparties discharging their commitment. Mitigation: the directors review the creditworthiness of the counterparties to these instruments and cash deposits and seek to ensure there is no undue concentration of credit risk with any one party.
Legislative and regulatory risk: in order to maintain its approval as a VCT, the company is required to comply with current VCT legislation in the UK, which reflects the European Commission's State-aid rules. Changes to the UK legislation or the State-aid rules in the future could have an adverse effect on the company's ability to achieve satisfactory investment returns whilst retaining its VCT approval. Mitigation: the board and the manager monitor political developments and where appropriate seek to make representations either directly or through relevant trade bodies.
Internal control risk: the company's assets could be at risk in the absence of an appropriate internal control regime. Mitigation: the board regularly reviews the system of internal controls, both financial and non-financial, operated by the company and the manager. These include controls designed to ensure that the company's assets are safeguarded and that proper accounting records are maintained.
VCT qualifying status risk: while it is the intention of the directors that the company will be managed so as to continue to qualify as a VCT, there can be no guarantee that this status will be maintained. A failure to continue meeting the qualifying requirements could result in the loss of VCT tax relief, the company losing its exemption from corporation tax on capital gains, to shareholders being liable to pay income tax on dividends received from the company and, in certain circumstances, to shareholders being required to repay the initial income tax relief on their investment. Mitigation: the investment manager keeps the company's VCT qualifying status under continual review and its reports are reviewed by the board on a quarterly basis. The board has also retained Philip Hare & Associates LLP to undertake an independent VCT status monitoring role.
The company had no employees during the year and all the directors are male.
As an externally managed investment company, the company is not directly responsible for any greenhouse gas emissions.
Whilst there is currently uncertainty as to the outcome of the negotiations between the UK and the rest of the EU concerning a future trading relationship, we do not expect that this will have a significant impact on the operations of Northern 3 VCT itself. The potential effects on portfolio companies differ between cases, however NVM typically has a representative on the board of each unquoted investment and continues to work with investee management teams to plan for a range of possible outcomes.
We remain committed to expanding the portfolio of innovative earlier stage companies and believe that the potential returns from these investments in the medium to long-term are attractive.
J K Bryce Secretary 16 May 2019
55.3% 11.1% 8.2% 25.4%
56.6% 10.0% 11.8% 21.6%
as at 31 March 2019
| Cost | Valuation | % of net assets | |
|---|---|---|---|
| £000 | £000 | by value | |
| Fifteen largest venture capital investments (see pages 12 to 15) | |||
| Sorted Holdings | 2,542 | 3,393 | 4.1 |
| MSQ Partners Group | 1,478 | 3,082 | 3.7 |
| Lineup Systems Agilitas IT Holdings |
974 1,448 |
2,910 2,888 |
3.5 3.5 |
| No 1 Lounges | 1,748 | 2,614 | 3.2 |
| Ideagen* | 541 | 2,190 | 2.6 |
| Volumatic Holdings | 1,078 | 2,110 | 2.6 |
| SHE Software Group | 1,850 | 2,083 | 2.5 |
| Entertainment Magpie Group | 1,360 | 1,733 | 2.1 |
| Currentbody.com | 1,270 | 1,634 | 2.0 |
| It's All Good | 1,131 | 1,606 | 1.9 |
| Idox* | 530 | 1,587 | 1.9 |
| Knowledgemotion | 1,437 | 1,561 | 1.9 |
| Biological Preparations Group | 1,915 | 1,553 | 1.9 |
| AVID Technology Group | 1,210 | 1,537 | 1.9 |
| 20,512 | 32,481 | 39.3 | |
| Other venture capital investments | |||
| Intelling Group | 1,118 | 1,506 | 1.8 |
| Medovate | 1,432 | 1,432 | 1.7 |
| Soda Software Labs | 1,301 | 1,301 | 1.6 |
| Intuitive Holding | 1,293 | 1,260 | 1.5 |
| Customs Connect Group Channel Mum |
1,320 955 |
1,146 1,083 |
1.4 1.3 |
| Axial Systems Holdings | 1,293 | 1,074 | 1.3 |
| ECO Animal Health* | 497 | 989 | 1.2 |
| Clarilis | 981 | 981 | 1.2 |
| Grip-UK | 952 | 952 | 1.2 |
| Rockar | 883 | 883 | 1.1 |
| Ridge Pharma | 870 | 870 | 1.1 |
| Buoyant Upholstery | 907 | 829 | 1.0 |
| Contego Solutions | 777 | 777 | 0.9 |
| Administrate | 720 | 720 | 0.9 |
| Primal Food | 955 | 716 | 0.9 |
| Cello Health* | 349 | 690 | 0.8 |
| Haystack Dryers | 1,284 | 688 | 0.8 |
| Pure Pet Food | 641 | 641 | 0.8 |
| Eckoh Brady |
528 732 |
629 570 |
0.8 0.7 |
| Adept Telecom* | 235 | 530 | 0.6 |
| Life's Great Group | 528 | 528 | 0.6 |
| Arnlea Holdings | 1,138 | 510 | 0.6 |
| Fresh Approach (UK) Holdings | 1,286 | 494 | 0.6 |
| Volo Commerce | 1,088 | 480 | 0.6 |
| Newcells Biotech | 478 | 478 | 0.6 |
| Nasstar* | 202 | 467 | 0.6 |
| Graza | 454 | 454 | 0.5 |
| Netcall* | 546 | 440 | 0.5 |
| Seahawk Bidco | 433 | 433 | 0.5 |
| Thanksbox | 384 | 384 | 0.5 |
| Lending works | 719 | 360 | 0.4 |
| Ablatus Therapeutics Gentronix |
318 468 |
318 270 |
0.4 0.3 |
| Vectura Group** | 247 | 250 | 0.3 |
| Angle* | 131 | 206 | 0.2 |
| Synectics* | 171 | 186 | 0.2 |
| Collagen Solutions* | 271 | 143 | 0.2 |
| Pebble Beach Systems* | 564 | 59 | 0.1 |
| Velocity Composites* | 95 | 27 | 0.0 |
| Summit Corporation* | 122 | 1 | 0.0 |
| Total venture capital investments | 50,178 | 59,236 | 71.6 |
| Listed equity investments | 10,467 | 10,575 | 12.8 |
| Total fixed asset investments | 60,645 | 69,811 | 84.4 |
| Net current assets | 12,920 | 15.6 | |
| Net assets | 82,731 | 100.0 |
*Quoted on AIM **Listed on London Stock Exchange
| Cost | £2,542,000 |
|---|---|
| Valuation | £3,393,000 |
| Basis of valuation | Price of a recent investment |
| Equity held | 6.9% (NVM funds total 22.5%) |
| Business/location | Delivery management software platform serving the e-commerce market, Manchester |
| History | Development capital financing, May 2016, led by NVM Private Equity |
| Other NVM funds investing |
Northern Venture Trust, Northern 2 VCT |
| Income in year | Dividends nil, loan stock interest nil |
| Year ended 31 May | 2018 £m |
2017 £m |
|---|---|---|
| Sales | 2.2 | 2.5 |
| EBITDA | (3.6) | (2.3) |
| Loss before tax | (5.3) | (3.2) |
| Loss after tax | (5.3) | (3.2) |
| Net liabilities | (1.0) | – |
| Cost | £1,478,000 |
|---|---|
| Valuation | £3,082,000 |
| Basis of valuation | Earnings multiple |
| Equity held | 7.2% (NVM funds total 38.7%) |
| Business/location | Marketing and communications agency group, London |
| History | Management buy-out financing, July 2014, led by NVM Private Equity |
| Other NVM funds investing |
Northern Venture Trust, Northern 2 VCT, NV2 LP |
| Income in year | Dividends nil, loan stock interest £130,000 |
| Year ended 28 February | 2018* £m |
2017* £m |
|---|---|---|
| Sales | 74.9 | 86.4 |
| EBITDA | 5.3 | 5.3 |
| Profit before tax | 1.2 | 0.3 |
| Profit after tax | 1.2 | 0.2 |
| Net assets | 1.0 | 0.1 |
*excluding discontinued operations
| Cost | £974,000 |
|---|---|
| Valuation | £2,910,000 |
| Basis of valuation | Revenue multiple |
| Equity held | 17.4% (NVM funds total 52.2%) |
| Business/location | Multi-channel advertising and media software, London |
| History | Development capital financing, December 2011, led by NVM Private Equity |
| Other NVM funds investing |
Northern Venture Trust, Northern 2 VCT |
| Income in year | Dividends nil, loan stock interest £24,000 |
| Year ended 30 June | 2018 £m |
2017 £m |
|---|---|---|
| Sales | 9.3 | 8.6 |
| EBITDA | 0.6 | 0.4 |
| Profit/(loss) before tax | 0.1 | (0.1) |
| Profit after tax | 0.1 | – |
| Net liabilities | (0.1) | (0.2) |
Note: "EBITDA" is defined as earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation.
| Cost | £1,448,000 |
|---|---|
| Valuation | £2,888,000 |
| Basis of valuation | Earnings multiple |
| Equity held | 12.5% (NVM funds total 55.3%) |
| Business/location | Provider of outsourced IT inventory management services, Nottingham |
| History | Management buy-out financing, June 2014, led by NVM Private Equity |
| Other NVM funds investing |
Northern Venture Trust, Northern 2 VCT, NV2 LP |
| Income in year | Dividends nil, loan stock interest £100,000 |
| Year ended 31 March | 2018 £m |
2017 £m |
|---|---|---|
| Sales | 9.5 | 7.7 |
| EBITDA | 2.0 | 1.3 |
| Profit/(loss) before tax | 0.6 | (0.1) |
| Profit/(loss) after tax | 0.5 | (0.1) |
| Net assets | 0.9 | 0.4 |
| Cost | £1,748,000 |
|---|---|
| Valuation | £2,614,000 |
| Basis of valuation | Earnings multiple |
| Equity held | 7.9% (NVM funds total 38.6%) |
| Business/location | Operator of airport lounges and related services, London |
| History | Development capital financing, March 2014, led by NVM Private Equity |
| Other NVM funds investing |
Northern Venture Trust, Northern 2 VCT, NV1 LP |
| Income in year | Dividends nil, loan stock interest nil |
| Year ended 31 December | 2017 £m |
2016 £m |
|---|---|---|
| Sales | 22.8 | 22.9 |
| EBITDA | 3.4 | 3.1 |
| Loss before tax | (0.7) | (0.1) |
| (Loss)/profit after tax | (0.7) | 0.5 |
| Net (liabilities)/assets | (0.6) | – |
| Cost | £541,000 |
|---|---|
| Valuation | £2,190,000 |
| Basis of valuation | Bid price (AIM) |
| Equity held | 0.8% (NVM funds total 0.9%) |
| Business/location | Supplier of information management software to highly regulated industries, Ruddington |
| History | Holding acquired through a share placing on AIM in 2015 |
| Other NVM funds investing |
Northern Venture Trust, Northern 2 VCT |
| Income in year | Dividends £4,000, loan stock interest nil |
| Year ended 30 April | 2018 £m |
2017 £m |
|---|---|---|
| Sales | 36.1 | 27.1 |
| EBITDA | 9.1 | 6.7 |
| Profit before tax | 1.4 | 0.7 |
| Profit after tax | 1.5 | 0.7 |
| Net assets | 50.5 | 46.4 |
| Cost | £1,078,000 |
|---|---|
| Valuation | £2,110,000 |
| Basis of valuation | Earnings multiple |
| Equity held | 16.9% (NVM funds total 50.6%) |
| Business/location | Manufacturer of intelligent cash handling equipment, Coventry |
| History | Management buy-out, March 2012, led by NVM Private Equity |
| Other NVM funds investing |
Northern Venture Trust, Northern 2 VCT |
| Income in year | Dividends nil, loan stock interest £69,000 |
SHE Software Group
| Cost | £1,850,000 |
|---|---|
| Valuation | £2,083,000 |
| Basis of valuation | Price of a recent investment |
| Equity held | 10.8% (NVM funds total 33.6%) |
| Business/location | Health and safety platform provider, East Kilbride |
| History | Development capital financing, February 2018, led by NVM Private Equity |
| Other NVM funds investing |
Northern Venture Trust, Northern 2 VCT |
| Income in year | Dividends nil, loan stock interest nil |
| Year ended 31 March | 2018 £m |
2017 £m |
|---|---|---|
| Sales | 3.5 | 2.4 |
| EBITDA | (0.5) | 0.4 |
| Loss before tax | (0.9) | – |
| Loss after tax | (0.9) | (0.1) |
| Net assets | 2.6 | 0.5 |
| Year ended 31 March | 2018 £m |
2017 £m |
|---|---|---|
| Sales | 5.6 | 6.3 |
| EBITDA | 0.6 | 1.0 |
| Loss before tax | (0.3) | – |
| Loss after tax | (0.3) | – |
| Net assets | 1.4 | 1.8 |
| Cost | £1,360,000 |
|---|---|
| Valuation | £1,733,000 |
| Basis of valuation | Earnings multiple |
| Equity held | 8.6% (NVM funds total 38.2%) |
| Business/location | Re-commerce website for pre-owned entertainment media and electronic items, Manchester |
| History | Management buy-out, September 2015, led by NVM Private Equity |
| Other NVM funds investing |
Northern Venture Trust, Northern 2 VCT, NV2 LP |
| Income in year | Dividends nil, loan stock interest nil |
| Year ended 31 May | 2018* £m |
2017 £m |
|---|---|---|
| Sales | 109.5 | 101.1 |
| EBITDA | 1.7 | 2.3 |
| Loss before tax | (2.3) | (1.0) |
| Loss after tax | (2.3) | (1.0) |
| Net (liabilities)/assets | (5.2) | 0.5 |
*excludes discontinued operations
| Cost | £1,131,000 |
|---|---|
| Valuation | £1,606,000 |
| Basis of valuation | Earnings multiple |
| Equity held | 9.8% (NVM funds total 30.2%) |
| Business/location | Manufacturer of premium savoury snack products, Gateshead |
| History | Development capital financing, February 2014, led by NVM Private Equity |
| Other NVM funds investing |
Northern Venture Trust, Northern 2 VCT |
| Income in year | Dividends nil, loan stock interest £77,000 |
| Year ended 31 December | 2017 £m |
2016 £m |
|---|---|---|
| Sales | 23.5 | 18.0 |
| EBITDA | 1.2 | 2.0 |
| Profit before tax | – | 1.1 |
| Profit after tax | – | 0.9 |
| Net assets | 1.4 | 1.3 |
Note: "EBITDA" is defined as earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation.
| Cost | £1,270,000 |
|---|---|
| Valuation | £1,634,000 |
| Basis of valuation | Revenue multiple |
| Equity held | 7.5% (NVM funds total 23.5%) |
| Business/location | Online market place for home use beauty devices, Cheadle |
| History | Development capital financing, March 2018, led by NVM Private Equity |
| Other NVM funds investing |
Northern Venture Trust, Northern 2 VCT |
| Income in year | Dividends nil, loan stock interest nil |
The company has yet to file its first full annual report and financial statements.
| Cost | £530,000 |
|---|---|
| Valuation | £1,587,000 |
| Basis of valuation | Bid price (AIM) |
| Equity held | 1.1% (NVM funds total 1.8%) |
| Business/location | Document content software, London |
| History | Holding acquired through a share placing on AIM in 2000 |
| Other NVM funds investing |
Northern Venture Trust |
| Income in year | Dividends £29,000, loan stock interest nil |
| Year ended 31 October | 2018 £m |
2017 £m |
|---|---|---|
| Sales | 67.4 | 73.8 |
| EBITDA | 14.0 | 16.1 |
| (Loss)/profit before tax | (29.5) | 2.8 |
| (Loss)/profit after tax | (27.0) | 2.1 |
| Net assets | 49.8 | 88.6 |
| Cost | £1,437,000 |
|---|---|
| Valuation | £1,561,000 |
| Basis of valuation | Price of a recent investment |
| Equity held | 7.4% (NVM funds total 23.1%) |
| Business/location | Online educational content platform, London |
| History | Development capital financing, July 2017, led by NVM Private Equity |
| Other NVM funds investing |
Northern Venture Trust, Northern 2 VCT |
| Income in year | Dividends nil, loan stock interest nil |
| Year ended 31 December | 2017 £m |
2016 £m |
|---|---|---|
| Sales | 0.6 | 0.3 |
| EBITDA | (0.1) | (0.4) |
| Loss before tax | (0.5) | (0.5) |
| Loss after tax | (0.4) | (0.4) |
| Net assets/(liabilities) | 2.5 | (0.1) |
| Cost | £1,915,000 |
|---|---|
| Valuation | £1,553,000 |
| Basis of valuation | Earnings multiple |
| Equity held | 14.1% (NVM funds total 47.5%) |
| Business/location | Developer and supplier of products based on microbial, antimicrobial, plant extract and enzyme technology, Cardiff |
| History | Management buy-out financing, March 2015, led by NVM Private Equity |
| Other NVM funds investing |
Northern Venture Trust, Northern 2 VCT |
| Income in year | Dividends £23,000, loan stock interest £149,000 |
| Year ended 31 December | 2017* £m |
2016 £m |
|---|---|---|
| Sales | 6.3 | 5.4 |
| EBITDA | 0.7 | 0.6 |
| Loss before tax | (0.8) | (1.1) |
| Loss after tax | (0.9) | (1.0) |
| Net liabilities | (1.4) | (0.6) |
*excludes exceptional costs
| Cost | £1,210,000 |
|---|---|
| Valuation | £1,537,000 |
| Basis of valuation | Price of a recent investment |
| Equity held | 9.6% (NVM funds total 30.7%) |
| Business/location | Manufacturer of electric vehicle components, Cramlington |
| History | Development capital financing, July 2016, led by NVM Private Equity |
| Other NVM funds investing |
Northern Venture Trust, Northern 2 VCT |
| Income in year | Dividends nil, loan stock interest £49,000 |
| Year ended 31 January | 2018 £m |
2017 £m |
|---|---|---|
| Sales | 4.9 | 3.0 |
| EBITDA | (0.2) | (0.8) |
| Loss before tax | (0.9) | (1.2) |
| Loss after tax | (0.4) | (1.0) |
| Net liabilities | (1.5) | (1.9) |
The directors have managed the affairs of the company with the intention of maintaining its status as an approved venture capital trust.
The directors present their report and the audited financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2019.
The principal activity of the company during the year was the making of long-term equity and loan investments, mainly in unquoted companies.
The directors have managed the affairs of the company with the intention of maintaining its status as an approved venture capital trust for the purposes of Section 274 of the Income Tax Act 2007. The directors consider that the company was not at any time up to the date of this report a close company within the meaning of Chapter 2 of Part 10 of the Corporation Tax Act 2010. The company's registered number is 04280530.
The directors are required by the articles of association to propose an ordinary resolution at the company's annual general meeting in 2024 that the company should continue as a venture capital trust for a further five year period, and at each fifth subsequent annual general meeting thereafter. If any such resolution is not passed, the directors shall within four months convene an extraordinary general meeting to consider proposals for the reorganisation or winding-up of the company.
The statement on corporate governance set out on pages 20 to 24 is included in the directors' report by reference.
The return on ordinary activities after tax for the year of £4,980,000 as shown in the income statement has been transferred to reserves.
The final dividend for the year ended 31 March 2018 of 3.5 pence and an interim dividend of 2.0 pence per share in respect of the year ended 31 March 2019 were paid during the year at a cost of £4,904,000 and have been charged to reserves.
The directors have proposed a final dividend of 2.0 pence per share for the year ended 31 March 2019. Subject to approval of the final dividend at the annual general meeting, the dividend will be paid on 19 July 2019 to shareholders on the register on 21 June 2019.
Each of the directors who held office at the date of approval of this directors' report confirms that, so far as he is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the company's auditor is unaware and that he has taken all the steps that he could reasonably be expected to have taken as a director in order to make himself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the company's auditor is aware of that information.
In accordance with principle 21 of the AIC Code of Corporate Governance, the directors have assessed the prospects of the company over the three year period to March 2022. The directors consider that for the purpose of this exercise it is not practical or meaningful to look forward over a period of more than three years and that the period is appropriate for a business of the company's nature and size.
In making their assessment the directors have carried out a robust review of the risk environment in which the company operates, including those risks which might threaten its business model or future performance and the steps taken with a view to their mitigation (see page 10 for further details on risk management). The directors have considered the ability of the company to comply on an ongoing basis with the conditions for maintaining VCT approved status. The directors have also considered the nature of the company's business, including its substantial reserve of cash and near-cash investments, the potential of its venture capital portfolio to generate future income and capital proceeds and the ability of the directors to control the level of future cash outflows arising from share-buy backs, dividends and investments. As detailed on page 22, the management engagement committee has also considered the company's relationship with the investment manager, NVM, by reference to the performance of the venture capital portfolio and the expertise demonstrated by NVM in venture capital investment.
Taking into account the company's current position and principal risks, the directors have concluded that there is a reasonable expectation that the company will be able to continue in operation over the three year period and meet its liabilities as they fall due over that period.
After making the necessary enquiries, including those made during the preparation of the statement on long-term viability above, the directors believe that it is reasonable to expect that the company will continue to be able to meet its liabilities as and when they fall due for a period of at least 12 months, therefore it is appropriate to apply the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.
None of the directors has a contract of service with the company and, except as mentioned below under the heading "Management", no contract or arrangement subsisted during or at the end of the year in which any director was materially interested and which was significant in relation to the company's business.
The company has, as permitted by the Companies Act 2006, maintained insurance cover on behalf of the directors and secretary indemnifying them against certain liabilities which may be incurred by any of them in relation to the company.
NVM has acted as investment adviser and manager to the company since incorporation. The principal terms of the company's management agreement with NVM are set out in Note 3 to the financial statements. Mr T R Levett, who is a director of Northern 3 VCT, is also an equity partner in NVM.
The management engagement committee carries out a regular review of the terms of NVM's appointment with a view to ensuring that NVM's remuneration is set at an appropriate level, having regard to the nature of the work carried out and general market practice.
As required by the Listing Rules, the directors confirm that in their opinion the continuing appointment of NVM as investment manager on the terms agreed is in the interests of the company's shareholders as a whole. In reaching this conclusion the directors have taken into account the performance of the investment portfolio and the efficient and effective service provided by NVM to the company.
The remuneration receivable by NVM and its executives by virtue of NVM's management agreement with Northern 3 VCT comprises the following:
Basic management fee: NVM is entitled to receive a basic annual management fee equivalent to 2.06% of net assets, calculated half-yearly as at 31 March and 30 September. The fee arrangements were amended during the current year such that the fee due on the value of liquid assets above the threshold of £20 million will attract a reduced rate of 1% per annum. In the year ended 31 March 2019 the basic annual management fee was £1,587,000 (preceding year: £1,534,000).
Performance-related management fee: NVM is entitled to receive an annual performancerelated management fee equivalent to 14.2% of the total return in excess of a formula-driven hurdle rate, details of whose composition are set out in Note 3 to the financial statements. The hurdle rate for the year ended 31 March 2019 was 5.7% (preceding year: 5.7%). There was no performance-related management fee due for the year ended 31 March 2019 (preceding year: nil).
Accounting and secretarial fee: NVM provides accounting, administrative and secretarial services to the company for a fee of £56,000 per annum, linked to the movement in the RPI. The fee payable in respect of the preceding year was £54,000.
The total remuneration payable to NVM by Northern 3 VCT in respect of the year, comprising the basic management fee and the accounting and secretarial fee, was £1,643,000.
Under current tax legislation the fees paid by the company to NVM are not subject to VAT. The total annual running costs of the company, including the basic management fee and the accounting and secretarial fee but excluding the performance-related management fee, are capped at 2.9% of average net assets and any excess will be refunded to the company by way of a reduction in NVM's basic management fee. The annual running costs of the company for the year ended 31 March 2019 were equivalent to 2.32% of average net assets (preceding year: 2.37%).
Under the management agreement, NVM is entitled to receive fees from investee companies in respect of the arrangement of investments and the provision of non-executive directors and other advisory services. NVM is responsible for paying the due diligence and other costs incurred in connection with proposed investments which for whatever reason do not proceed to completion.
In the year ended 31 March 2019 the arrangement fees receivable by NVM from investee companies which were attributable to investments made by Northern 3 VCT amounted to £288,000 (preceding year: £246,000), and directors' and monitoring fees amounted to £325,000 (preceding year: £259,000).
Since 2006 the company has, together with the other VCT funds managed by NVM, participated in a co-investment scheme with the objective of enabling NVM to recruit, retain and incentivise its key investment executives. Under the scheme, executives are required to invest personally (and on the same terms as the company and other funds managed by NVM) in the ordinary share capital of every unquoted investee company in which the company invests. The shares held by executives can only be sold at such time as the funds managed by NVM sell their shares and any prior ranking loan notes or preference shares held by the funds having been repaid. The executives participating in the scheme jointly subscribe for 5.0% of the non-yielding ordinary shares available to the NVM funds, except in the case of investments where there is no class of yielding securities, in which case the executives jointly subscribe for 1.0% of the non-yielding ordinary shares available to the NVM funds. At 31 March 2019 NVM executives held investments in 47 investee companies acquired at a total cost of £1,134,000 of which £329,000 was attributable to investments made by Northern 3 VCT.
During the year the company purchased for cancellation 2,565,184 of its own shares, representing 2.9% of the called-up share capital of the company at the beginning of the year, for a consideration of £2,269,000. Purchases were made in line with the company's policy of purchasing available shares at a discount to net asset value.
At the 2018 annual general meeting, held in July 2018, shareholders authorised the company to purchase in the market up to 8,966,237 ordinary shares (equivalent to approximately 10% of the then issued ordinary share capital) at a minimum price of 5.0 pence per share and a maximum price per share of not more than 105% of the average market value for the ordinary shares in the company for the five business days prior to the date on which the ordinary shares were purchased. As at 31 March 2019 this authority remained effective in respect of 6,521,053 shares; the authority will lapse at the conclusion of the 2019 annual general meeting of the company on 15 July 2019.
During the year the company issued 769,316 new ordinary shares for a cash consideration of £702,000 pursuant to the company's dividend investment scheme.
Movements in fixed asset investments during the year are set out in Note 8 to the financial statements.
Notice of the 2019 annual general meeting to be held on 15 July 2019 is set out in a separate circular to shareholders along with explanatory comments on the resolutions.
No disclosures of major shareholdings had been made to the company under Disclosure and Transparency Rule 5 (Vote Holder and Issuer Notification Rules) as at the date of this report.
KPMG LLP have indicated their willingness to continue as auditor of the company and resolutions to re-appoint them and to authorise the audit committee to fix their remuneration will be proposed at the annual general meeting.
By order of the Board
J K Bryce
Secretary 16 May 2019
This report has been prepared by the directors in accordance with the requirements of Section 410 of the Companies Act 2006.
The company's independent auditor, KPMG LLP, is required to give its opinion on certain information included in this report, as indicated below. The auditor's report on these and other matters is set out on pages 26 to 28.
The company is required by the Companies Act 2006 to seek shareholders' approval of the directors' remuneration policy at least every three years, or in the event of a change in the policy if sooner. The directors' remuneration policy has remained unchanged since it was approved by shareholders at the annual general meeting held on 4 July 2018 and, unless there is a change in the policy, it is the current intention of the directors that a resolution for the approval of the directors' remuneration policy will next be considered at the annual general meeting to be held in July 2021.
The board currently comprises four directors, all of whom are non-executive. The board does not have a separate remuneration committee, as the company has no employees or executive directors. The board has established a nomination committee, chaired by Mr J G D Ferguson and comprising all of the directors, which meets annually (or more frequently if required) to consider the selection and appointment of directors and to make recommendations to the board as to the level of directors' fees. The board has not retained external advisers in relation to remuneration matters but has access to information about directors' fees paid by other companies of a similar size and type. No views which are relevant to the formulation of the directors' remuneration policy have been expressed to the company by shareholders, whether at a general meeting or otherwise.
The board considers that directors' fees should reflect the time commitment required and the high level of responsibility borne by directors, and should be broadly comparable to those paid by similar companies. It is not considered appropriate that directors' remuneration should be performance-related, and none of the directors is eligible for bonuses, pension benefits, share options, long-term incentive schemes or other benefits in respect of their services as nonexecutive directors of the company.
(Mr T R Levett, who is an equity partner in NVM, has an interest in the co-investment scheme referred to in the directors' report on page 17.)
The articles of association place an overall limit (currently £100,000 per annum) on directors' remuneration. The articles of association provide that directors shall retire and be subject to re-election at the first annual general meeting after their appointment and that any director who was not appointed or re-appointed at one of the preceding two annual general meetings shall retire and be subject to re-election at each annual general meeting. None of the directors has a service contract with the company. On being appointed or re-elected, directors receive a letter from the company setting out the terms of their appointment and their specific duties and responsibilities. A director's appointment may be terminated on three months' notice being given by the company and in certain other circumstances. A director who ceases to hold office is not entitled to receive any payment other than accrued fees (if any) for past services.
The fees paid to individual directors in respect of the years ended 31 March 2019 and 31 March 2018, which represent the entire remuneration payable to directors, are shown in Table 1.
The interests of the directors of the company (including the interests of their connected persons) in the issued ordinary shares of the company, at the beginning of the year, at end of the year and at the date of this report are shown in Table 2.
All of the directors' share interests were held beneficially.
The company has not set out any formal requirements or guidelines to directors concerning their ownership of shares in the company.
As the company has no employees, the directors do not consider it appropriate to present a table comparing remuneration paid to employees with distributions to shareholders.
The graph opposite compares the total return (assuming re-investment of all dividends) to shareholders in the company over the five years ended 31 March 2019 with the total return from a broad UK equity market index over the same period.
At the annual general meeting on 4 July 2018 the resolution to approve the directors' remuneration report for the year ended 31 March 2018 was approved by a show of hands. 94.3% of the proxy votes received in relation to the resolution were either for or discretionary.
In accordance with the directors' remuneration policy, directors' fees were reviewed by the nomination committee during its meeting on 15 February 2019, when it was recommended that fees should be increased to £27,500 per annum for the chairman of the board, £24,000 per annum for the chair of the audit committee and £22,000 for other directors with effect from 1 April 2019, to reflect inflation and the respective roles.
J G D Ferguson Chairman of the Nomination Committee 16 May 2019
| Year ended 31 March 2019 |
Year ended 31 March 2018 |
|
|---|---|---|
| J G D Ferguson (Chairman) | 25,000 | 25,000 |
| C J Fleetwood | 20,000 | 20,000 |
| T R Levett* | – | – |
| J M O Waddell | 20,000 | 20,000 |
| Total | 65,000 | 65,000 |
*Mr T R Levett waived his entitlement to directors' fees in respect of both years.
| 16 May 2019 | 31 March 2019 | 31 March 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| J G D Ferguson (Chairman) | 656,374 | 656,374 | 656,374 |
| C J Fleetwood | 81,835 | 75,305 | 75,305 |
| T R Levett | 314,626 | 298,301 | 298,301 |
| J M O Waddell | 23,657 | 23,657 | 22,295 |
The board of Northern 3 VCT PLC has considered the principles and recommendations of the Association of Investment Companies Code of Corporate Governance (AIC Code) by reference to the related Association of Investment Companies Corporate Governance Guide for Investment Companies (AIC Guide). The AIC Code, as explained by the AIC Guide, addresses all the principles set out in the UK Corporate Governance Code, as well assetting out additional principles and recommendations on issues that are of specific relevance to the company. The AIC Code can be viewed at www.theaic.co.uk/ aic-code-of-corporate-governance-0.
The board considers that reporting in accordance with the principles and recommendations of the AIC Code, and by reference to the AIC Guide (which incorporates the UK Corporate Governance Code), will provide better information to shareholders.
The company is committed to maintaining high standards in corporate governance and during the year ended 31 March 2019 complied with the recommendations of the AIC Code and the relevant provisions of the UK Corporate Governance Code, except as set out below.
The UK Corporate Governance Code includes provisions relating to the role of the chief executive, executive directors' remuneration and the need for an internal audit function. For the reasons set out in the AIC Guide, and in the preamble to the UK Corporate Governance Code, the board considers these provisions are not relevant to the position of Northern 3 VCT PLC, which is an externally managed venture capital trust. The company has therefore not reported further in respect of these provisions.
The company has a board of four non-executive directors, the majority of whom are considered to be independent of the company's investment manager, NVM Private Equity LLP (NVM). The board meets regularly in person or by conference call five times each year, and on other occasions as required. The board is responsible to shareholders for the effective stewardship of the company's affairs and has a formal schedule of matters specifically reserved for its decision which include:
A brief biographical summary of each director is given on page 4.
The chairman, Mr J G D Ferguson, leads the board in the determination of its strategy and in the achievement of its objectives. The chairman is responsible for organising the business of the board, ensuring its effectiveness and setting its agenda, and has no involvement in the day to day business of the company. He facilitates the effective contribution of the directors and ensures that they receive accurate, timely and clear information and that they communicate effectively with shareholders.
The board has established a formal process, led by the chairman, for the annual evaluation of the performance of the board, its principal committees and individual directors. The directors are made aware on appointment that their performance will be subject to regular evaluation. The performance of the chairman is evaluated by a meeting of the other board members under the leadership of Mr C J Fleetwood, the senior independent director of the company.
The company secretary, Mr J K Bryce, is responsible for advising the board through the chairman on all governance matters. Mr J K Bryce was appointed on 1 April 2018 following the retirement of the previous company secretary, Mr C D Mellor. All of the directors have access to the advice and services of the company secretary, who has administrative responsibility for the meetings of the board and its committees. Directors may also take independent professional advice at the company's expense where necessary in the performance of their duties. As all of the directors are non-executive, it is not considered appropriate to identify a member of the board as the senior non-executive director of the company.
The company's articles of association and the schedule of matters reserved to the board for decision provide that the appointment and removal of the company secretary is a matter for the board.
The articles of association provide that directors shall retire and be subject to re-election at the first annual general meeting after their appointment and that any director who was not appointed or re-appointed at one of the preceding two annual general meetings shall retire and be subject to re-election at each annual general meeting.
The board regularly reviews the independence of its members and is satisfied that the company's directors are independent in character and judgement and there are no relationships or circumstances which could affect their objectivity (with the exception of Mr T R Levett who is an equity partner in NVM, the company's investment manager).
The AIC Code recommends that where a director has served for more than nine years, the board should state its reasons for believing that the individual remains independent. The board is of the view that a term of service in excess of nine years is not in itself prejudicial to a director's ability to carry out his/her duties effectively and from an independent perspective; the nature of the company's business is such that individual directors' experience and continuity of board membership can significantly enhance the effectiveness of the board as a whole. However the board has as a matter of good practice adopted the AIC Code recommendation that directors who have served for more than nine years should seek annual re-election, and acknowledges that regular refreshment of its membership is desirable.
The board has appointed three standing committees to make recommendations to the board in specific areas. The board does not have a separate remuneration committee, as the company has no employees or executive directors. Detailed information relating to the remuneration of directorsis given in the directors' remuneration report on pages 18 and 19.
During the year the audit committee comprised:
Mr C J Fleetwood (Chairman) Mr J G D Ferguson Mr J M O Waddell
The audit committee's terms of reference include the following roles and responsibilities:
making recommendations to the board in relation to the appointment, re-appointment and removal of the external auditor and approving the remuneration and terms of engagement of the external auditor;
reviewing and monitoring the external auditor's independence and objectivity and the effectiveness of the audit process, taking into consideration relevant UK professional and regulatory requirements;
The committee reviews its terms of reference and its effectiveness annually and recommends to the board any changes required as a result of the review. The terms of reference are available on request from the company secretary and on the NVM website, www.nvm.co.uk. The audit committee ordinarily meets three times per year and has direct access to KPMG LLP, the company's external auditor. The board considers that the members of the committee are independent and have collectively the skills and experience required to discharge their duties effectively, and that the chairman of the committee meets the requirements of the UK Corporate Governance Code as to recent and relevant financial experience.
The company does not have an independent internal audit function as it is not deemed appropriate given the size of the company and the nature of the company's business. However, the committee considers annually whether there is a need for such a function and if so would recommend this to the board. During the year ended 31 March 2019 the audit committee discharged its responsibilities by:
The key areas of risk that have been identified and considered by the audit committee in relation to the business activities and financial statements of the company are as follows:
These issues were discussed with the investment manager and the auditor at the pre-year end audit planning meeting and at the conclusion of the audit of the financial statements.
Valuation of unquoted investments: the investment manager confirmed to the audit committee that the investment valuations had been carried out consistently with prior periods and in accordance with published industry guidelines, taking account of the latest available information about investee companies and current market data. The audit committee reviewed the estimates and judgements used in the investment valuations and was satisfied that the final valuations are appropriate.
Venture capital trust status: the investment manager confirmed to the audit committee that the conditions for maintaining the company's status as an approved venture capital trust had been complied with throughout the year. The position was also confirmed and reported on by Philip Hare & Associates LLP in its capacity as adviser to the company on taxation matters and the relevant report was reviewed by the audit committee.
The investment manager and auditor confirmed to the audit committee that they were not aware of any material misstatements. Having reviewed the reports received from the manager and auditor, the audit committee is satisfied that the key areas of risk and judgement have been appropriately addressed in the financial statements and that the significant assumptions used in determining the value of assets and liabilities have been properly appraised and are sufficiently robust. The committee considers that KPMG LLP has carried out its duties as auditor in a diligent and professional manner.
The committee regularly reviews and monitors the auditor's effectiveness and independence. KPMG LLP has confirmed that it is independent of the company and has complied with the applicable auditing standards. KPMG LLP together with its predecessor KPMG Audit Plc has held office as auditor for 16 years; in accordance with professional guidelines the engagement leader is rotated after at most five years, and the current partner has served for four years. As part of its review, the committee considers the nature and extent of non-audit services supplied by the auditor, all of which must be approved by the committee. The audit committee also considers the requirements and deadlines for mandatory audit tendering and rotation; under current regulations the last period for which KPMG LLP will be permitted to act as auditor of the company will be the year ending 31 March 2023.
During the year the nomination committee comprised: Mr J G D Ferguson (Chairman) Mr C J Fleetwood Mr T R Levett
Mr J M O Waddell
The nomination committee considers the selection and appointment of directors and makes annual recommendations to the board as to the level of directors' fees. The committee monitors the balance of skills, knowledge, diversity and experience offered by board members, and satisfies itself that they are able to devote sufficient time to carry out their role efficiently and effectively. When recommending new appointments to the board the committee draws on its members' extensive business experience and range of contacts to identify suitable candidates, and would consider the use of formal advertisements and external consultants where appropriate. New directors are provided with briefing material relating to the company, its investment manager and the venture capital industry as well as to their own legal responsibilities as directors. The committee has written terms of reference which are reviewed annually and are available on request from the company secretary and on the NVM website, www.nvm.co.uk.
During the year the management engagement committee comprised:
Mr J G D Ferguson (Chairman) Mr C J Fleetwood Mr J M O Waddell
The management engagement committee undertakes a periodic review of the performance of the investment manager, NVM, and of the terms of the management agreement including the level of fees payable and the length of the notice period. The principal terms of the agreement are set out in Note 3 to the financial statements on page 35.
Following the latest review by the committee, the board concluded that the continuing appointment of NVM was in the interests of the company and its shareholders as a whole. NVM has demonstrated its commitment to and expertise in venture capital investment over an extended period, as a result of which the company has established a consistent long-term performance record. NVM has also performed its company secretarial and accounting duties efficiently and effectively.
Table 1 sets out the number of substantive board and committee meetings held during the year ended 31 March 2019 and the number attended by each director compared with the maximum possible attendance.
The board aims to ensure that the company takes a positive approach to corporate responsibility, in relation both to itself and to the companies it invests in. This entails maintaining a responsible attitude to ethical, environmental, governance and social issues, and the encouragement of good practice in investee companies. The board seeks to avoid investing in companies which do not operate within relevant ethical, environmental and social legislation or otherwise fail to comply with appropriate industry standards.
In fulfilment of the Chairman's obligations under the UK Corporate Governance Code, the Chairman gives feedback to the board on any issues raised with him by shareholders with a view to ensuring that members of the board develop an understanding of the views of shareholders about their company. The board recognises the value of maintaining regular communications with shareholders. Formal reports are sent to shareholders at the half-year and year-end stages, and an opportunity is given to shareholders at the annual general meeting to question the board and the investment manager on matters relating to the company's operation and performance. The manager holds an annual VCT investor seminar to which shareholders are invited. Proxy voting figures for each resolution are announced at general meetings and are made available publicly following the relevant meeting.
Further information can also be obtained via the NVM website at www.nvm.co.uk.
| Board | Audit committee |
Nomination committee |
Management engagement committee |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of meetings held | 5* | 3 | 1 | 1 |
| Attendance (actual/possible): | ||||
| J G D Ferguson (Chairman) | 5/5 | 3/3 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| C J Fleetwood | 5/5 | 3/3 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| T R Levett | 4/5 | N/A | 1/1 | N/A |
| J M O Waddell | 5/5 | 3/3 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
*In addition to the five meetings of the board held in person during the year, there were a further four meetings held by conference call.
The directors have overall responsibility for ensuring that there are in place robust systems of internal control, both financial and nonfinancial, and for reviewing their effectiveness. The purpose of the internal financial controls is to ensure that proper accounting records are maintained, the company's assets are safeguarded and the financial information used within the business and for publication is accurate and reliable; such a system can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss. The board regularly reviews financial performance and results with the investment manager. Responsibility for accounting and secretarial services has been contractually delegated to NVM under the management agreement. NVM has established its own system of internal controls in relation to these matters, details of which have been reviewed by the audit committee.
Non-financial internal controls include the systems of operational and compliance controls maintained by the investment manager in relation to the company's business as well as the management of key risks as referred to in the section headed "Risk management" below.
The directors confirm that by means of the procedures set out above, and in accordance with "Internal Controls: Guidance for Directors on the Combined Code", published by the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, they have established a continuing process for identifying, evaluating and managing the significant potential risks faced by the company and have reviewed the effectiveness of the internal control systems. This process has been in place throughout and subsequent to the accounting period under review.
Risk management is discussed in the strategic report on page 10.
As at 31 March 2019 87,866,505 ordinary shares were in issue (as at that date none of the issued shares were held by the company as treasury shares). Subject to any suspension or abrogation of rights pursuant to relevant law or the company's articles of association, the shares confer on their holders (other than the company in respect of any treasury shares) the following principal rights:
(c) the right to receive notice of and to attend and speak and vote in person or by proxy
at any general meeting of the company. On a show of hands every member present or represented and voting has one vote and on a poll every member present or represented and voting has one vote for every share of which that member is the holder; the appointment of a proxy must be received not less than 48 hours before the time of the holding of the relevant meeting or adjourned meeting or, in the case of a poll taken otherwise than at or on the same day as the relevant meeting or adjourned meeting, be received after the poll has been demanded and not less than 24 hours before the time appointed for the taking of the poll.
These rights can be suspended. If a member, or any other person appearing to be interested in shares held by that member, has failed to comply within the time limits specified in the company's articles of association with a notice pursuant to Section 793 of the Companies Act 2006 (notice by company requiring information about interests in its shares), the company can until the default ceases suspend the right to attend and speak and vote at a general meeting and if the shares represent at least 0.25% of their class the company can also withhold any dividend or other money payable in respect of the shares (without any obligation to pay interest) and refuse to accept certain transfers of the relevant shares.
Shareholders, either alone or with other shareholders, have other rights as set out in the company's articles of association and in the Companies Act 2006.
A member may choose whether his shares are evidenced by share certificates (certificated shares) or held in electronic (uncertificated) form in CREST (the UK electronic settlement system). Any member may transfer all or any of his shares, subject in the case of certificated shares to the rules set out in the company's articles of association or in the case of uncertificated shares to the regulations governing the operation of CREST (which allow the directors to refuse to register a transfer as therein set out); the transferor remains the holder of the shares until the name of the transferee is entered in the register of members. The directors may refuse to register a transfer of certificated shares in favour of more than four persons jointly or where there is no adequate evidence of ownership or the transfer is not duly stamped (if so required). The directors may also refuse to register a share transfer if it is in respect of a certificated share which is not fully paid up or on which the company has a lien provided that, where the share transfer is in respect of any share admitted to the Official List maintained by the UK Listing Authority, any such discretion may not be exercised so as to prevent dealings taking place on an open and proper basis, or if in the opinion of the directors (and with the concurrence of the UK Listing Authority) exceptional circumstances so warrant, provided that the exercise of such power will not disturb the market in those shares. Whilst there are no squeeze-out and sell out rules relating to the shares in the company's articles of association, shareholders are subject to the compulsory acquisition provisions in Sections 974 to 991 of the Companies Act 2006.
The company's articles of association may be amended by the members of the company by special resolution (requiring a majority of at least 75% of the persons voting on the relevant resolution).
A person may be appointed as a director of the company by the shareholders in a general meeting by ordinary resolution (requiring a simple majority of the persons voting on the relevant resolution) or by the directors; no person, other than a director retiring by rotation or otherwise, shall be appointed or reappointed a director at any general meeting unless he is recommended by the directors or, not less than seven or more than 42 clear days before the date appointed for the meeting, notice is given to the company of the intention to propose that person for appointment or re-appointment in the form and manner set out in the company's articles of association.
Each director who is appointed by the directors (and who has not been elected as a director of the company by the members at a general meeting held in the interval since his appointment as a director of the company) is to be subject to election as a director of the company by the members at the first annual general meeting of the company following his appointment. At each annual general meeting of the company, any director who was not appointed or re-appointed at one of the preceding two annual general meetings shall retire and be subject to re-election.
The Companies Act 2006 allows shareholders in general meeting by ordinary resolution (requiring a simple majority of the persons voting on the relevant resolution) to remove any director before the expiration of his or her period of office, but without prejudice to any claim for damages which the director may have for breach of any contract of service between him or her and the company.
A person also ceases to be a director if he or she resigns in writing, ceases to be a director by virtue of any provision of the Companies Act, becomes prohibited by law from being a director, becomes bankrupt or is the subject of a relevant insolvency procedure, or becomes of unsound mind, or if the board so decides following at least six months' absence without leave or if he or she becomes subject to relevant procedures under the mental health laws, as set out in the company's articles of association.
The company's articles of association specify that, subject to the provisions of the Companies Act 2006 and articles of association of the company and any directions given by shareholders by special resolution, the business of the company is to be managed by the directors, who may exercise all the powers of the company, whether relating to the management of the business or not, except where the Companies Act 2006 or the articles of association of the company otherwise require. In particular the directors may exercise on behalf of the company its powers to purchase its own shares to the extent permitted by shareholders. Authority was given at the company's 2018 annual general meeting to make market purchases of up to 8,966,237 ordinary shares at any time up to the 2019 annual general meeting and otherwise on the terms set out in the relevant resolution, and authority is being sought at the annual general meeting to be held on 15 July 2019 as set out in a separate circular.
By order of the Board
J K Bryce
Secretary 16 May 2019
The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law they have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with UK Accounting Standards, including FRS 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland".
Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and of its profit or loss for the year.
In preparing the financial statements, the directors are required to:
The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are responsible for such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and have general responsibility for taking such steps as are reasonably open to them to safeguard the assets of the company and to prevent and detect fraud and other irregularities.
Under applicable law and regulations, the directors are also responsible for preparing a strategic report, directors' report, directors' remuneration report and corporate governance statement that comply with that law and those regulations.
The directors are responsible for the maintenance and integrity of the corporate and financial information included on the company's website. Legislation in the UK governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation in other jurisdictions.
We confirm that to the best of our knowledge:
We consider the annual report and accounts, taken as a whole, is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the company's position and performance, business model and strategy.
J K Bryce
Secretary 16 May 2019
We have audited the financial statements of Northern 3 VCT PLC ("the company") for the year ended 31 March 2019 which comprise the income statement, balance sheet, statement of changes in equity, statement of cash flows, and the related notes, including the accounting policies in Note 1.
In our opinion the financial statements:
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) ("ISAs (UK)") and applicable law. Our responsibilities are described below. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is a sufficient and appropriate basis for our opinion. Our audit opinion is consistent with our report to the audit committee.
We were first appointed as auditor by the directors on 17 June 2003. The period of total uninterrupted engagement is for the 16 financial years ended 31 March 2019. We have fulfilled our ethical responsibilities under, and we remain independent of the company in accordance with, UK ethical requirements including the FRC Ethical Standard as applied to listed public interest entities. No non-audit services prohibited by that standard were provided.
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due to fraud) identified by us, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy; the allocation of resources in the audit; and directing the efforts of the engagement team. We summarise below the key audit matters in arriving at our audit opinion above, together with our key audit procedures to address those matters and, as required for public interest entities, our results from those procedures. These matters were addressed, and our results are based on procedures undertaken, in the context of, and solely for the purpose of, our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and consequently are incidental to that opinion, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.
Refer to pages 3 (chairman's statement) and 10 (strategic report)
All audits assess and challenge the reasonableness of estimates, in particular as described in valuation of unquoted investments below, and related disclosures and the appropriateness of the going concern basis of preparation of the financial statements. All of these depend on assessments of the future economic environment and the company's future prospects and performance.
In addition, we are required to consider the other information presented in the annual report including the principal risks disclosures and the viability statement and to consider the directors' statement that the annual report and financial statements taken as a whole is fair, balanced and understandable and provides the information necessary for shareholders to assess the company's position and performance, business model and strategy.
Brexit is one of the most significant economic events for the UK and at the date of this report its effects are subject to unprecedented levels of uncertainty of outcomes, with the full range of possible effects unknown.
We developed a standardised firm-wide approach to the consideration of the uncertainties arising from Brexit in planning and performing our audits.
Our procedures included:
Our results: As reported under valuation of unquoted investments, we found the resulting estimates and related disclosures in respect of the degree of estimation and sensitivity to key assumptions made when valuing the unquoted investments to be acceptable. We also found disclosures in relation to going concern to be acceptable. However, no audit should be expected to predict the unknowable factors or all possible future implications for a company and this is particularly the case in relation to Brexit.
Refer to page 21 (audit committee section of the corporate governance statement), page 34 (accounting policies) and pages 30 to 44 (financial disclosures).
56.2% of the company's total assets (by value) is held in investments where no quoted market price is available. Unquoted investments are measured at fair value, which is established in accordance with the International Private Equity and Venture Capital Valuation Guidelines by using measurements of value such as prices of recent orderly transactions, earnings multiples and net assets. There is a significant risk over valuation of these investments.
Our procedures included:
Our results: We found the company's valuation of unquoted investments to be acceptable (2018: acceptable).
Materiality for the financial statements as a whole was set at £894,000 (2018: £843,950), determined with reference to a benchmark of total assets, of which it represents 1% (2018: 1%).
We agreed to report to the audit committee any corrected or uncorrected identified misstatements exceeding £44,000 (2018: £42,067), in addition to other identified misstatements that warranted reporting on qualitative grounds.
Our audit of the company was undertaken to the materiality level specified above and was performed at the head office of the manager NVM Private Equity LLP, in Newcastle upon Tyne, and KPMG LLP in Edinburgh.
The directors have prepared the financial statements on the going concern basis as they do not intend to liquidate the company or to cease its operations, and as they have concluded that the company's financial position means that this is realistic. They have also concluded that there are no material uncertainties that could have cast significant doubt over its ability to continue as a going concern for at least a year from the date of approval of the financial statements ("the going concern period").
Our responsibility is to conclude on the appropriateness of the directors' conclusions and, had there been a material uncertainty related to going concern, to make reference to that in this audit report. However, as we cannot predict all future events or conditions and as subsequent events may result in outcomes that are inconsistent with judgements that were reasonable at the time they were made, the absence of reference to a material uncertainty in this auditor's report is not a guarantee that the company will continue in operation.
In our evaluation of the directors' conclusions, we considered the inherent risks to the company's business model, including the impact of Brexit, and analysed how those risks might affect the company's financial resources or ability to continue operations over the going concern period. We evaluated those risks and concluded that they were not significant enough to require us to perform additional audit procedures.
Based on this work, we are required to report to you if:
We have nothing to report in these respects, and we did not identify going concern as a key audit matter.
The directors are responsible for the other information presented in the annual report together with the financial statements. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion or, except as explicitly stated below, any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether, based on our financial statements audit work, the information therein is materially misstated or inconsistent with the financial statements or our audit knowledge. Based solely on that work we have not identified material misstatements in the other information.
Directors' remuneration report
In our opinion the part of the directors' remuneration report to be audited has been properly prepared in accordance with the Companies Act 2006.
Based on the knowledge we acquired during our financial statements audit, we have nothing material to add or draw attention to in relation to:
Under the Listing Rules we are required to review the statement of long-term viability. We have nothing to report in this respect.
Our work is limited to assessing these matters in the context of only the knowledge acquired during our financial statements audit. As we cannot predict all future events or conditions and as subsequent events may result in outcomes that are inconsistent with judgments that were reasonable at the time they were made, the absence of anything to report on these statements is not a guarantee as to the company's longer-term viability.
We are required to report to you if:
We are required to report to you if the Corporate Governance Statement does not properly disclose a departure from the 11 provisions of the UK Corporate Governance Code specified by the Listing Rulesfor our review.
We have nothing to report in these respects.
Under the Companies Act 2006, we are required to report to you if, in our opinion:
We have nothing to report in these respects.
Directors' responsibilities
As explained more fully in their statement set out on page 25, the directors are responsible for: the preparation of the financial statements including being satisfied that they give a true and fair view; such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error; assessing the company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern; and using the going concern basis of accounting unless they either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or other irregularities (see below), or error, and to issue our opinion in an auditor's report. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but does not guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud, other irregularities or error and are considered material if, individually or in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of the financial statements.
Irregularities – ability to detect We identified areas of laws and regulations that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the financial statements from our general commercial and sector experience and through discussion with the directors (as required by auditing standards).
We communicated identified laws and regulations throughout our team and remained alert to any indications of non-compliance throughout the audit.
The potential effect of these laws and regulations on the financial statements varies considerably.
Firstly, the company is subject to laws and regulations that directly affect the financial statements including financial reporting legislation (including related companies legislation), and its qualification as a Venture Capital Trust under UK tax legislation, any breach of which could lead to the company losing various deductions and exemptions from UK corporation tax, and we assessed the extent of compliance with these laws and regulations as part of our procedures on the related financial statement items.
Secondly, the company is subject to many other laws and regulations where the consequences of non-compliance could have a material effect on amounts or disclosures in the financial statements, for instance through the imposition of fines or litigation. We identified the following areas as those most likely to have such an effect: the Listing Rules and certain aspects of company legislation recognising the financial and regulated nature of the company's activities and its legal form. Auditing standards limit the required audit procedures to identify noncompliance with these laws and regulations to enquiry of the directors and inspection of regulatory and legal correspondence, if any. These limited procedures did not identify actual or suspected non-compliance.
Owing to the inherent limitations of an audit, there is an unavoidable risk that we may not have detected some material misstatements in the financial statements, even though we have properly planned and performed our audit in accordance with auditing standards. For example, the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations (irregularities) is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely the inherently limited procedures required by auditing standards would identify it. In addition, as with any audit, there remained a higher risk of non-detection of irregularities, as these may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal controls. We are not responsible for preventing non-compliance and cannot be expected to detect non-compliance with all laws and regulations.
This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
(Senior Statutory Auditor) for and on behalf of KPMG LLP, Statutory Auditor Chartered Accountants KPMG LLP Saltire Court 20 Castle Terrace Edinburgh EH1 2EG
16 May 2019
for the year ended 31 March 2019
| Year ended 31 March 2019 | Year ended 31 March 2018 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | Capital | Total | Revenue | Capital | Total | ||
| Notes | £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | |
| Gain on disposal of investments | 8 | – | 3,204 | 3,204 | – | 698 | 698 |
| Movements in fair value of investments | 8 | – | 1,195 | 1,195 | – | (2,892) | (2,892) |
| – | 4,399 | 4,399 | – | (2,194) | (2,194) | ||
| Income | 2 | 2,541 | – | 2,541 | 2,436 | – | 2,436 |
| Investment management fee | 3 | (397) | (1,190) | (1,587) | (384) | (1,150) | (1,534) |
| Other expenses | 4 | (373) | – | (373) | (335) | (11) | (346) |
| Return on ordinary activities before tax | 1,771 | 3,209 | 4,980 | 1,717 | (3,355) | (1,638) | |
| Tax on return on ordinary activities | 5 | (219) | 219 | – | (209) | 209 | – |
| Return on ordinary activities after tax | 1,552 | 3,428 | 4,980 | 1,508 | (3,146) | (1,638) | |
| Return per share | 7 | 1.8p | 3.8p | 5.6p | 1.9p | (4.0)p | (2.1)p |
| Dividends paid/proposed | |||||||
| in respect of the year | 6 | 1.5p | 2.5p | 4.0p | 1.5p | 4.0p | 5.5p |
The total column of this statement is the statement of total comprehensive income of the company prepared in accordance with FRS 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland". The supplementary revenue return and capital return columns have been prepared in accordance with the Statement of Recommended Practice "Financial Statements of Investment Trust Companies and Venture Capital Trusts" issued in November 2014 and updated in February 2018 with consequential amendments by the Association of Investment Companies ("AIC SORP").
There are no recognised gains or losses other than those disclosed in the income statement.
All items in the above statement derive from continuing operations.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
as at 31 March 2019
| Notes | 31 March 2019 £000 |
31 March 2018 £000 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed assets | |||
| Investments | 8 | 69,811 | 62,770 |
| Current assets | |||
| Debtors | 12 | 211 | 167 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 19,405 | 21,458 | |
| 19,616 | 21,625 | ||
| Creditors (amounts falling due within one year) | 13 | (6,696) | (135) |
| Net current assets | 12,920 | 21,490 | |
| Net assets | 82,731 | 84,260 | |
| Capital and reserves | |||
| Called-up equity share capital | 14 | 4,393 | 4,483 |
| Share premium | 15 | 840 | 214 |
| Capital redemption reserve | 15 | 299 | 171 |
| Capital reserve | 15 | 65,665 | 69,721 |
| Revaluation reserve | 15 | 9,166 | 8,463 |
| Revenue reserve | 15 | 2,368 | 1,208 |
| Total equity shareholders' funds | 82,731 | 84,260 | |
| Net asset value per share | 16 | 94.2p | 94.0p |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
The financial statements on pages 30 to 44 were approved by the directors on 16 May 2019 and are signed on their behalf by:
J G D Ferguson Director
for the year ended 31 March 2019
| Non-distributable reserves | Distributable reserves | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Called-up share capital |
Share premium |
Capital redemption reserve |
Revaluation reserve* |
Capital reserve |
Revenue reserve |
||||
| Notes | £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | ||
| At 1 April 2018 | 4,483 | 214 | 171 | 8,463 | 69,721 | 1,208 | 84,260 | ||
| Return on ordinary activities after tax | – | – | – | 703 | 2,725 | 1,552 | 4,980 | ||
| Dividends paid Net proceeds of share issues |
6 15 |
– 38 |
– 626 |
– – |
– – |
(4,512) – |
(392) – |
(4,904) 664 |
|
| Shares purchased for cancellation | 15 | (128) | – | 128 | – | (2,269) | – | (2,269) | |
| At 31 March 2019 | 4,393 | 840 | 299 | 9,166 | 65,665 | 2,368 | 82,731 |
| Year ended 31 March 2018 | Non-distributable reserves | Distributable reserves | Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capital | ||||||||
| Called-up | Share | redemption | Revaluation | Capital | Revenue | |||
| share capital | premium | reserve | reserve* | reserve | reserve | |||
| Notes | £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | |
| At 1 April 2017 | 3,290 | 2,223 | 113 | 12,124 | 50,850 | 1,292 | 69,892 | |
| Return on ordinary activities after tax | – | – | – | (3,661) | 515 | 1,508 | (1,638) | |
| Dividends paid | 6 | – | – | – | – | (6,127) | (1,592) | (7,719) |
| Net proceeds of share issues | 15 | 1,251 | 23,560 | – | – | – | – | 24,811 |
| Shares purchased for cancellation | 15 | (58) | – | 58 | – | (1,086) | – | (1,086) |
| Cancellation of share premium reserve 15 | – | (25,569) | – | – | 25,569 | – | – | |
| At 31 March 2018 | 4,483 | 214 | 171 | 8,463 | 69,721 | 1,208 | 84,260 |
*The revaluation reserve is generally non-distributable other than that part of the reserve relating to gains/losses on readily realisable quoted investments, which is distributable.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.
for the year ended 31 March 2019
| Year ended 31 March 2019 £000 |
Year ended 31 March 2018 £000 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||
| Return on ordinary activities before tax | 4,980 | (1,638) |
| Adjustments for: | ||
| Gain on disposal of investments | (3,204) | (698) |
| Movements in fair value of investments | (1,195) | 2,892 |
| (Increase)/decrease in debtors Increase/(decrease) in creditors |
(44) 68 |
485 (872) |
| Net cash inflow from operating activities | 605 | 169 |
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||
| Purchase of investments | (18,342) | (10,117) |
| Sale/repayment of investments | 15,700 | 7,870 |
| Net cash outflow from investing activities | (2,642) | (2,247) |
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||
| Issue of ordinary shares | 702 | 25,357 |
| Share issue expenses | (38) | (546) |
| Share subscriptions held pending allotment | 6,493 | (4,281) |
| Purchase of ordinary shares for cancellation | (2,269) | (1,086) |
| Equity dividends paid | (4,904) | (7,719) |
| Net cash (outflow)/inflow from financing activities | (16) | 11,725 |
| (Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents | (2,053) | 9,647 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 21,458 | 11,811 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 19,405 | 21,458 |
for the year ended 31 March 2019
A summary of the principal accounting policies, all of which have been consistently applied throughout the year and the preceding year, is set out below.
The financial statements have been prepared under FRS 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland" and in accordance with the Statement of Recommended Practice "Financial Statements of Investment Trust Companies and Venture Capital Trusts" issued in November 2014 and updated in February 2018 with consequential amendments by the Association of Investment Companies ("AIC SORP").
The company has adopted "Amendments to FRS 102 – Fair value hierarchy disclosures" issued by the Financial Reporting Council in March 2016.
The financial statements are prepared in sterling which is the functional currency of the company and rounded to the nearest £000.
The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis.
Disclosure is required of judgements and estimates made by management in applying the accounting policies that have a significant effect on the financial statements. While estimates are based on best judgement using information and financial data available, the actual outcome may differ from these estimates. A price sensitivity analysis is provided in the other price risk sensitivity section of Note 17 on pages 42 to 44.
The key estimate in the financial statements is the determination of the fair value of the unlisted investments by the directors as it significantly impacts the valuation of the unlisted investments at the balance sheet date. The fair valuation process involves estimates using inputs that are unobservable.
The key judgement in the valuation of the unquoted investments process is the directors' determination of the appropriate application of the International Private Equity and Venture Capital (IPEV) guidelines to each unlisted investment. The judgement applied in the selection of the methodology used for determining the fair value of each unlisted investment can have a significant impact upon the valuation.
Purchases and sales of investments are recognised in the financial statements at the date of transaction (trade date).
The company's investments have been designated by the directors as fair value through profit and loss at the time of acquisition and are measured at subsequent reporting dates at fair value. In the case of investments quoted on a recognised stock exchange, fair value is established by reference to the closing bid price on the relevant date or the last traded price, depending on the convention of the exchange on which the investment is quoted. In the case of unquoted investments, fair value is established in accordance with IPEV guidelines by using measurements of value such as price of recent transaction (subsequently recalibrated where necessary) and earnings or revenue multiples; where no reliable fair value can be estimated using such techniques, unquoted investments are carried at cost subject to provision for impairment where necessary. The key assumption for the price of a recent investment method is that the price obtained remains a reasonable proxy for fair value for a period of time such that an enterprise value can be inferred and subsequently recalibrated where necessary. The key assumptions for the multiples approach are the selection of the most appropriate earnings or revenue measure (historic or forecast) and the selection of the multiple itself which may be influenced by the multiples achieved by a range of comparable companies in either private or public transactions.
Gains and losses arising from changes in fair value of investments are recognised as part of the capital return within the income statement and allocated to the revaluation reserve. Transaction costs attributable to the acquisition or disposal of investments are charged to capital return within the income statement.
Those venture capital investments that may be termed associated undertakings are carried at fair value as determined by the directors in accordance with the company's normal policy and are not equity accounted as required by the Companies Act 2006. The directors consider that, as these investments are held as part of the company's portfolio with a view to the ultimate realisation of capital gains, equity accounting would not give a true and fair view of the company's interests in these investments. Quantification of the effect of this departure is not practicable. Carrying investments at fair value is specifically permitted under FRS 102 (Section 14.4B), where venture capital entities hold investments as part of a portfolio.
Dividends receivable on quoted equity shares are brought into account on the ex-dividend date. Dividends receivable on unquoted equity shares are brought into account when the company's right to receive payment is established and there is no reasonable doubt that payment will be received. Fixed income returns on non-equity shares and debt securities are recognised on an effective interest rate basis, provided there is no reasonable doubt that payment will be received in due course.
All expenses are accounted for on an accruals basis. Expenses are charged to revenue return within the income statement except that:
The revenue column of the income statement includes all income and revenue expenses of the company. The capital column includes realised and unrealised gains and losses on investments and that part of the investment management fee which is allocated to capital return.
UK corporation tax payable is provided on taxable profits at the current rate. The tax charge for the year is allocated between revenue return and capital return on the "marginal basis" as recommended in the SORP. Provision is made for deferred taxation on all timing differences calculated at the current rate of tax relevant to the benefit or liability.
Dividends payable are recognised as distributions in the financial statements when the company's liability to make payment has been established.
A provision is recognised in the balance sheet when the company has a legal or constructive obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation. No provision is established where a reliable estimate of the obligation cannot be made. Provisions are allocated to revenue or capital depending on the nature of the circumstances.
The following are accounted for in the capital reserve: gains or losses on the realisation of investments; realised and unrealised exchange differences of a capital nature; the cost of repurchasing ordinary shares, including stamp duty and transaction costs; and other capital charges and credits charged to this account in accordance with the above policies.
Changes in the fair value of investments are dealt with in this reserve.
| Year ended 31 March 2019 £000 |
Year ended 31 March 2018 £000 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Investment income: | ||
| Dividends from unquoted companies | 184 | 14 |
| Dividends from quoted companies | 432 | 603 |
| Property income distributions | 8 | 9 |
| Interest receivable: | ||
| Bank deposits* | 75 | 24 |
| Loans to unquoted companies | 1,842 | 1,786 |
| 2,541 | 2,436 |
*Denotes income arising from investments not designated as fair value through profit or loss at the time of acquisition.
| Year ended 31 March 2019 | Year ended 31 March 2018 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue £000 |
Capital £000 |
Total £000 |
Revenue £000 |
Capital £000 |
Total £000 |
|
| Basic investment management fee | 397 | 1,190 | 1,587 | 384 | 1,150 | 1,534 |
NVM Private Equity (NVM) provides investment management, secretarial and administrative services to the company under an agreement dated 24 September 2001, which may be terminated at any time by not less than 12 months' notice being given by either party.
NVM receives a basic management fee, payable quarterly in advance, at the rate of 2.06% per annum of net assets calculated half-yearly as at 31 March and 30 September. The fee arrangements were amended during the current year such that the fee due on the value of liquid assets above the threshold of £20 million will attract a reduced rate of 1% per annum. NVM also provides administrative and secretarial services to the company for a fee of £56,000 per annum (linked to the movement in the RPI). This fee is included in other expenses (see Note 4).
NVM is also entitled to receive a performance-related management fee equivalent to 14.2% of the amount, if any, by which the total return in each financial year (expressed as a percentage of opening net asset value) exceeds a performance hurdle. The hurdle is a composite rate based on 7% on average long-term investments and the higher of the Bank of England base rate and 3% on average cash and near-cash investments during the year. The hurdle rate for the year ended 31 March 2019 was 5.7% (year ended 31 March 2018: 5.7%).
Following a period in which net assets decline, a "high water mark" will apply to the calculation of the performance-related fee but will be then adjusted downwards to the extent that a positive return is achieved in the following financial year. The performance-related management fee is subject to an overall cap of 2.25% of net assets. Any performance related element of the investment management fee is charged 100% to capital return. There was no performance fee due in respect of the year to 31 March 2019 (2018: nil).
The total running costs of the company, excluding performance-related management fees and any irrecoverable VAT thereon, are capped at 2.9% of its net assets and NVM has agreed that any excess will be refunded by way of a reduction in its fees.
| Year ended 31 March 2019 £000 |
Year ended 31 March 2018 £000 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Administrative and secretarial services | 56 | 54 |
| Directors' remuneration | 65 | 65 |
| Auditor's remuneration – audit services | 25 | 20 |
| – non-audit services* | – | 2 |
| Legal and professional expenses | 25 | 42 |
| Share issue promoter's commission | 61 | 41 |
| Other expenses | 141 | 122 |
| 373 | 346 |
*the non-audit services provided by the auditor were tax compliance services (iXBRL tagging of financial statements).
Information on directors' remuneration is given in the directors' remuneration report on pages 18 and 19.
for the year ended 31 March 2019
| Year ended 31 March 2019 | Year ended 31 March 2018 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue | Capital | Total | Revenue | Capital | Total | |
| £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | |
| (a) Analysis of charge/(credit) for the year UK corporation tax payable/(recoverable) |
||||||
| on the return for the year | 219 | (219) | – | 209 | (209) | – |
| (b) Tax reconciliation | ||||||
| Return on ordinary activities before tax | 1,771 | 3,209 | 4,980 | 1,717 | (3,355) | (1,638) |
| Return on ordinary activities multiplied by the standard rate of UK corporation tax |
||||||
| of 19.0% (2018 19.0%) | 336 | 610 | 946 | 326 | (637) | (311) |
| Effect of: | ||||||
| Dividends not subject to tax | (117) | – | (117) | (117) | – | (117) |
| Capital returns not subject to tax Movements in fair value of investments |
– | (609) | (609) | – | (133) | (133) |
| not subject to tax | – | (227) | (227) | – | 550 | 550 |
| Increase in surplus management expenses | – | 7 | 7 | – | 11 | 11 |
| Tax charge/(credit) for the year | 219 | (219) | – | 209 | (209) | – |
The company has not recognised a deferred tax asset in respect of surplus management expenses carried forward of £2,594,000 (31 March 2018: £2,559,000), as the company may not generate sufficient taxable income in the foreseeable future to utilise these expenses. There is no other unprovided deferred taxation.
Approved venture capital trusts are exempt from tax on capital gains within the company. Since the directors intend that the company will continue to conduct its affairs so as to maintain its approval as a venture capital trust, no current or deferred tax has been provided in respect of any capital gains or losses arising on the revaluation or disposal of investments.
| Year ended 31 March 2019 | Year ended 31 March 2018 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenue £000 |
Capital £000 |
Total £000 |
Revenue £000 |
Capital £000 |
Total £000 |
|
| (a) Recognised as distributions in the financial statements for the year |
||||||
| Previous year's second interim dividend | – | – | – | – | 3,488 | 3,488 |
| Previous year's final dividend | 392 | 2,742 | 3,134 | 697 | 1,744 | 2,441 |
| Current year's first interim dividend | – | 1,770 | 1,770 | 895 | 895 | 1,790 |
| 392 | 4,512 | 4,904 | 1,592 | 6,127 | 7,719 | |
| (b) Paid and proposed in respect of the year | ||||||
| Interim paid – 2.0p (2018 2.0p) per share | – | 1,770 | 1,770 | 895 | 895 | 1,790 |
| Final proposed – 2.0p (2018 3.5p) per share | 1,425 | 475 | 1,900 | 448 | 2,690 | 3,138 |
| 1,425 | 2,245 | 3,670 | 1,343 | 3,585 | 4,928 |
The revenue dividends paid and proposed in respect of the year form the basis for determining whether the company has complied with the requirements of Section 274 of the Income Tax Act 2007 as to the distribution of investment income.
The calculation of the return per share is based on the profit on ordinary activities after tax for the year of £4,980,000 (2018: loss of £1,638,000) and on 89,416,452 (2018: 77,868,025) shares, being the weighted average number of shares in issue during the year.
All investments are designated as fair value through profit or loss on initial recognition, therefore all gains and losses arise on investments designated at fair value through profit or loss.
FRS 102 (including subsequent amendments issued in March 2016) requires an entity to classify fair value measurements using a fair value hierarchy that reflects the significance of the inputs used in making the measurements. The fair value hierarchy shall have the following classifications:
| 31 March 2019 £000 |
31 March 2018 £000 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Level 1 Quoted venture capital investments Listed equity investment funds Level 3 |
8,965 10,575 |
9,324 6,874 |
| Unquoted venture capital investments | 50,271 | 46,572 |
| 69,811 | 62,770 |
Movements in investments during the year are summarised as follows:
| Venture capital – unquoted Level 3 £000 |
Venture capital – quoted Level 1 £000 |
Listed equity Level 1 £000 |
Total £000 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Book cost at 1 April 2018 Fair value adjustment at 1 April 2018 |
39,910 6,662 |
7,215 2,109 |
7,182 (308) |
54,307 8,463 |
| Fair value at 1 April 2018 | 46,572 | 9,324 | 6,874 | 62,770 |
| Movements in the year: | ||||
| Purchases at cost | 10,022 | – | 8,320 | 18,342 |
| Disposals – proceeds | (9,373) | (1,754) | (4,573) | (15,700) |
| – net realised gains on disposal | 2,184 | 772 | 248 | 3,204 |
| Movements in fair value | 866 | 623 | (294) | 1,195 |
| Fair value at 31 March 2019 | 50,271 | 8,965 | 10,575 | 69,811 |
| Comprising: | ||||
| Book cost at 31 March 2019 | 44,416 | 5,762 | 10,467 | 60,645 |
| Fair value adjustment at 31 March 2019 | 5,855 | 3,203 | 108 | 9,166 |
| 50,271 | 8,965 | 10,575 | 69,811 | |
| Equity shares | 27,652 | 8,965 | 10,575 | 47,192 |
| Preference shares | 2,474 | – | – | 2,474 |
| Interest-bearing securities | 20,145 | – | – | 20,145 |
| 50,271 | 8,965 | 10,575 | 69,811 |
The gains and losses included in the above table have all been recognised in the income statement on page 30. The listed equity category in the table above comprises quoted investment funds which hold listed equity securities.
FRS 102 requires disclosure, by class of financial instrument, if the effect of changing one or more inputs to reasonably possible alternative assumptions would result in a significant change to the fair value measurement. The information used in determination of the fair value of Level 3 investments is chosen with reference to the specific underlying circumstances and position of each investee company. See Note 17 for details of the impact of sensitivity analysis on the financial statements.
At 31 March 2019 there were no commitments (31 March 2018: none) in respect of investments approved by the manager but not yet completed.
for the year ended 31 March 2019
Disposals of venture capital investments during the year were as follows:
| Original cost £000 |
Carrying value at 31 March 2018 £000 |
Disposal proceeds £000 |
Realised gain against carrying value £000 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cityfibre Infrastructure Holdings – disposal of entire holding | 496 | 311 | 608 | 297 |
| Love Saving Group – disposal of entire holding | 1,017 | 2,089 | 3,233 | 1,144 |
| Wear Inns – disposal of entire holding | 1,406 | 1,589 | 1,896 | 307 |
| Closerstill – disposal of entire holding | 1,520 | 1,985 | 2,639 | 654 |
| Sinclair Pharma – disposal of entire holding | 957 | 672 | 1,147 | 475 |
| Lanner Group – disposal of entire holding | 251 | 432 | 498 | 66 |
| Graza – repayment of loan stock | 921 | 921 | 921 | – |
| Other | 401 | 172 | 184 | 12 |
| 6,969 | 8,171 | 11,126 | 2,955 |
The cost and carrying value of material investments in unquoted companies held at 31 March 2019 are shown below. For this purpose any investment included in the table of the fifteen largest venture capital investments on page 11, or in the corresponding table in the previous year's annual report, is regarded as material.
| Total cost £000 |
31 March 2019 Carrying value £000 |
Total cost £000 |
31 March 2018 Carrying value £000 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sorted Holdings | ||||
| Ordinary shares | 2,388 | 3,239 | 1,367 | 2,218 |
| Loan stock | 154 | 154 | 154 | 154 |
| 2,542 | 3,393 | 1,521 | 2,372 | |
| MSQ Partners Group | ||||
| Ordinary shares | 182 | 1,786 | 182 | 930 |
| Loan stock | 1,296 | 1,296 | 1,296 | 1,296 |
| 1,478 | 3,082 | 1,478 | 2,226 | |
| Lineup Systems | ||||
| Ordinary shares | 174 | 2,110 | 174 | 2,110 |
| Loan stock | 800 | 800 | 800 | 800 |
| 974 | 2,910 | 974 | 2,910 | |
| Agilitas IT Holdings | ||||
| Ordinary shares | 196 | 1,636 | 196 | 1,016 |
| Loan stock | 1,252 | 1,252 | 1,252 | 1,252 |
| 1,448 | 2,888 | 1,448 | 2,268 | |
| No 1 Lounges | ||||
| Ordinary shares | 157 | 1,023 | 157 | 1,386 |
| Loan stock | 1,591 | 1,591 | 1,591 | 1,591 |
| 1,748 | 2,614 | 1,748 | 2,977 | |
| Volumatic Holdings | ||||
| Ordinary shares | 216 | 1,248 | 216 | 408 |
| Loan stock | 862 | 862 | 1,035 | 1,035 |
| 1,078 | 2,110 | 1,251 | 1,443 | |
| 31 March 2019 | 31 March 2018 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Carrying | Total | Carrying | ||
| cost | value | cost | value | ||
| £000 | £000 | £000 | £000 | ||
| SHE Software Group | |||||
| Ordinary shares | 1,850 | 2,083 | 895 | 895 | |
| 1,850 | 2,083 | 895 | 895 | ||
| Entertainment Magpie Group | |||||
| Ordinary shares | 152 | 524 | 152 | 1,402 | |
| Preference shares | 250 | 251 | 250 | 251 | |
| Loan stock | 958 | 958 | 958 | 958 | |
| 1,360 | 1,733 | 1,360 | 2,611 | ||
| Currentbody.com | |||||
| Ordinary shares | 182 | 546 | 182 | 182 | |
| Loan stock | 1,088 | 1,088 | 1,088 | 1,088 | |
| 1,270 | 1,634 | 1,270 | 1,270 | ||
| It's All Good | |||||
| Ordinary shares | 115 | 590 | 115 | 430 | |
| Loan stock | 1,016 | 1,016 | 1,016 | 1,016 | |
| 1,131 | 1,606 | 1,131 | 1,446 | ||
| Knowledgemotion | |||||
| Ordinary shares | 1,437 | 1,561 | 958 | 958 | |
| 1,437 | 1,561 | 958 | 958 | ||
| Biological Preparations Group | |||||
| Ordinary shares | 195 | – | 195 | – | |
| Preference shares | 308 | 141 | 308 | 167 | |
| Loan stock | 1,412 | 1,412 | 1,412 | 1,412 | |
| 1,915 | 1,553 | 1,915 | 1,579 | ||
| AVID Technology Group | |||||
| Ordinary shares | 355 | 682 | 60 | 60 | |
| Preference shares | 382 | 382 | 254 | 254 | |
| Loan stock | 473 | 473 | 318 | 318 | |
| 1,210 | 1,537 | 632 | 632 | ||
| Medovate | |||||
| Ordinary shares | 792 | 792 | 792 | 792 | |
| Loan stock | 640 | 640 | 640 | 640 | |
| 1,432 | 1,432 | 1,432 | 1,432 | ||
| Buoyant Upholstery | |||||
| Ordinary shares | 132 | 54 | 132 | 1,091 | |
| Loan stock | 775 907 |
775 829 |
775 907 |
775 1,866 |
|
| Love Saving Group Ordinary shares |
– | – | 179 | 1,251 | |
| Preference shares | – | – | 120 | 120 | |
| Loan stock | – | – | 718 | 718 | |
| – | – | 1,017 | 2,089 | ||
for the year ended 31 March 2019
| Total cost £000 |
31 March 2019 Carrying value £000 |
Total cost £000 |
31 March 2018 Carrying value £000 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Closerstill Group | ||||
| Ordinary shares | – | – | 1 | 466 |
| Preference shares | – | – | 291 | 291 |
| Loan stock | – | – | 1,228 | 1,228 |
| – | – | 1,520 | 1,985 | |
| Wear Inns | ||||
| Ordinary shares | – | – | 205 | – |
| Preference shares | – | – | 88 | 435 |
| Loan stock | – | – | 1,113 | 1,154 |
| – | – | 1,406 | 1,589 |
Additional information relating to material investments in unquoted companies is given on pages 12 to 15.
Details of shareholdings in those companies where the company's holding at 31 March 2019 represents (1) more than 20% of the allotted equity share capital of any class, (2) more than 20% of the total allotted share capital or (3) more than 20% of the assets of the company itself, are given below. The company named is incorporated in England.
| Company | Class of shares (nominal value £0.0001) |
Number held | Proportion of class held |
|---|---|---|---|
| Graza | Ordinary | 131,243 | 29.1% |
| 12. Debtors | 31 March 2019 £000 |
31 March 2018 £000 |
|---|---|---|
| Prepayments and accrued income | 211 | 167 |
| 31 March 2019 £000 |
31 March 2018 £000 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Accruals and deferred income Share subscriptions held pending allotment |
112 6,584 |
135 – |
| 6,696 | 135 |
| 31 March 2019 £000 |
31 March 2018 £000 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Allotted and fully paid: 87,866,505 (2018: 89,662,373) ordinary shares of 5.0p |
4,393 | 4,483 |
The capital of the company is managed in accordance with its investment policy with a view to the achievement of its investment objective, as set out on page 6. The company is not subject to externally imposed capital requirements.
During the year the company issued 769,316 ordinary shares of 5.0p for cash at an average premium of 86.3p per share. 2,565,184 shares were purchased for cancellation during the year at a cost of £2,269,000.
After the year end, on 2 April 2019, the company issued 7,162,551 ordinary shares for a consideration of £6,584,000, as a result of a top-up share offer launched during the year ended 31 March 2019.
| Share premium £000 |
Capital redemption reserve £000 |
Capital reserve £000 |
Revaluation reserve £000 |
Revenue reserve £000 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At 1 April 2018 | 214 | 171 | 69,721 | 8,463 | 1,208 |
| Premium on issue of ordinary shares | 664 | – | – | – | – |
| Share issue expenses | (38) | – | – | – | – |
| Shares purchased for cancellation | – | 128 | (2,269) | – | – |
| Realised on disposal of investments | – | – | 3,204 | – | – |
| Transfer on disposal of investments | – | – | 492 | (492) | – |
| Movements in fair value of investments | – | – | – | 1,195 | – |
| Management fee charged to capital net of associated tax | – | – | (971) | – | – |
| Revenue return on ordinary activities after tax | – | – | – | – | 1,552 |
| Dividends recognised in the year | – | – | (4,512) | – | (392) |
| At 31 March 2019 | 840 | 299 | 65,665 | 9,166 | 2,368 |
At 31 March 2019 distributable reserves amounted to £68,141,000 (31 March 2018: £70,621,000), comprising the capital reserve, the revenue reserve and that part of the revaluation reserve relating to holding gains/losses on readily realisable equity investments.
The calculation of net asset value per share as at 31 March 2019 is based on net assets of £82,731,000 (2018: £84,260,000) divided by the 87,866,505 (2018: 89,662,373) ordinary shares in issue at that date.
for the year ended 31 March 2019
The company's financial instruments comprise equity and interest-bearing investments, cash balances and liquid resources including debtors and creditors. The company holds financial assets in accordance with its investment policy of investing mainly in a portfolio of VCT-qualifying unquoted and AIM-quoted securities whilst holding a proportion of its assets in cash or near-cash investments in order to provide a reserve of liquidity.
Fixed asset investments (see Note 8) are valued at fair value. For quoted investments this is either bid price or the latest traded price, depending on the convention of the exchange on which the investment is quoted. Unquoted investments are carried at fair value as determined by the directors in accordance with current venture capital industry guidelines. The fair value of all other financial assets and liabilities is represented by their carrying value in the balance sheet.
In carrying on its investment activities, the company is exposed to various types of risk associated with the financial instruments and markets in which it invests. The most significant types of financial risk facing the company are market risk, other price sensitivity risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The company's approach to managing these risks is set out below together with a description of the nature and amount of the financial instruments held at the balance sheet date.
The company's strategy for managing investment risk is determined with regard to the company's investment objective, as outlined in the strategic report on page 6. The management of market risk is part of the investment management process and is a central feature of venture capital investment. The company's portfolio is managed in accordance with the policies and procedures described in the corporate governance statement on pages 20 to 24, having regard to the possible effects of adverse price movements, with the objective of maximising overall returns to shareholders. Investments in unquoted companies, by their nature, usually involve a higher degree of risk than investments in companies quoted on a recognised stock exchange, though the risk can be mitigated to a certain extent by diversifying the portfolio across business sectors and asset classes. The overall disposition of the company's assets is monitored by the board on a quarterly basis.
Details of the company's investment portfolio at the balance sheet date are set out on page 11. An analysis of investments between debt and equity instruments is given in Note 8.
23.6% (31 March 2018: 19.2%) by value of the company's net assets comprises equity securities listed on regulated stock exchanges. A 5% increase in the bid price of these securities as at 31 March 2019 would have increased net assets and the total return for the year by £977,000 (31 March 2018: £810,000); a corresponding fall would have reduced net assets and the total return for the year by the same amount.
60.8% (31 March 2018: 55.3%) by value of the company's net assets comprises investments in unquoted companies held at fair value. A sensitivity analysis is provided below which recognises that the valuation methodologies employed involve varying levels of subjectivity in their inputs. The sensitivity analysis applies a wider range of input variable sensitivity to the investments valued under either the multiple or cost less provision methodologies as they involve more significant subjective estimation than the price of a recent investment or cost based methods.
| At 31 March 2019 Valuation basis |
Fair value of unquoted investments £000 |
Variable input sensitivity % |
Impact £000* |
% of net assets |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Earnings/revenue multiple Price of a recent investment Original cost Original cost less provision |
24,908 10,913 10,374 4,076 |
+/- 10 +/- 5 +/- 5 +/- 10 |
2,491 546 519 408 |
3.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 |
| Total (+/-) | 50,271 | – | 3,964 | 4.8 |
| At 31 March 2018 Valuation basis |
||||
| Earnings/revenue multiple Price of a recent investment Original cost Original cost less provision |
27,519 3,957 14,317 780 |
+/- 10 +/- 5 +/- 5 +/- 10 |
2,752 198 716 78 |
3.3 0.2 0.8 0.1 |
| Total (+/-) | 46,573 | – | 3,744 | 4.4 |
*Impact on net assets and net return after taxation.
Some of the company's financial assets are interest-bearing, of which some are at fixed rates and some variable. As a result, the company is exposed to fair value interest rate risk due to fluctuations in the prevailing levels of market interest rates.
The table below summarises weighted average effective interest rates for the company's fixed rate interest-bearing financial instruments:
| 31 March 2019 Weighted |
31 March 2018 Weighted |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted | average | Weighted | average | |||
| Total | average | period for | Total | average | period for | |
| fixed rate | interest | which rate | fixed rate | interest | which rate | |
| portfolio | rate | is fixed | portfolio | rate | is fixed | |
| £000 | % | Years | £000 | % | Years | |
| Fixed-rate investments in unquoted companies | 9,500 | 8.5% | 3.0 | 11,601 | 9.5% | 2.9 |
It is considered that an increase or decrease of 25 basis points in interest rates as at the reporting date would not have had a significant effect on the company's net assets or total return for the year.
The company's floating rate investments comprise floating-rate loans to unquoted companies and cash held in interest-bearing deposit accounts. The benchmark rate which determines the rate of interest receivable is the UK bank base rate for interest bearing deposit accounts, which was 0.75% at 31 March 2019 (31 March 2018: 0.50%) and the LIBOR three month GBP rate for floating rate loans to unquoted companies, which was 0.84% at 31 March 2019 (31 March 2018: 0.72%). It is considered that an increase or decrease of 25 basis points in interest rates as at the reporting date would not have a significant effect on the company's net assets or total return for the year. The amounts held in floating rate investments at the balance sheet date were as follows:
| 31 March 2019 £000 |
31 March 2018 £000 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Floating rate loans to unquoted companies Interest-bearing deposit accounts |
10,645 19,405 |
11,855 21,458 |
| 30,050 | 33,313 |
for the year ended 31 March 2019
Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty to a financial instrument will fail to discharge an obligation or commitment that it has entered into with the company.
At 31 March 2019 the company's financial assets exposed to credit risk comprised the following:
| 31 March 2019 £000 |
31 March 2018 £000 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Fixed-rate investments in unquoted companies Floating rate loans to unquoted companies Interest-bearing deposit accounts Accrued dividends and interest receivable |
9,500 10,645 19,405 95 |
11,601 11,855 21,458 152 |
| 39,645 | 45,066 |
Credit risk relating to loans to and preference shares in unquoted companies is considered to be part of market risk.
Those assets of the company which are traded on recognised stock exchanges are held on the company's behalf a third party custodian (a nominee company of Brewin Dolphin Limited). Bankruptcy or insolvency of a custodian could cause the company's rights with respect to securities held by the custodian to be delayed or limited.
Credit risk arising on transactions with brokers relates to transactions in quoted securities awaiting settlement. Risk relating to unsettled transactions is considered to be low due to the short settlement period involved and the high credit quality of the brokers used. The board further mitigates the risk by monitoring the quality of service provided by the brokers.
The company's interest-bearing deposit accounts are maintained with major UK clearing banks.
There were no significant concentrations of credit risk to counterparties at 31 March 2019 or 31 March 2018.
The company's financial assets include investments in unquoted equity securities which are not traded on a recognised stock exchange and which generally may be illiquid. As a result, the company may not be able to realise some of its investments in these instruments quickly at an amount close to their fair value in order to meet its liquidity requirements, or to respond to specific events such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of any particular issuer.
The company's liquidity risk is managed on a continuing basis by the investment manager in accordance with policies and procedures laid down by the board. The company's overall liquidity risks are monitored on a quarterly basis by the board.
The company maintains sufficient investments in cash and readily realisable securities to pay accounts payable and accrued expenses. At 31 March 2019 these investments were valued at £29,980,000 (31 March 2018: £28,332,000).
At 31 March 2019 contingent assets not recognised in the financial statements in respect of potential deferred proceeds from the sale of investee companies amounted to approximately £210,000 (31 March 2018: £80,000). The extent to which these amounts will become receivable in due course is dependent on future events.
The company had no contingent liabilities at 31 March 2019 or 31 March 2018.
APMs are not prescribed by accounting standards but are industry specific performance measures which help users of the annual accounts and financial statements to better interpret and understand performance. Some of the terms in this glossary have been identified as APMs.
The sum of the published NAV per share plus cumulative dividends paid per share since the company was launched. We use this measure as it enables comparisons to be made between different VCTs over the whole life of each fund. The cumulative return per share for Northern 3 VCT as at 31 March 2019 comprises the NAV per share of 94.2 pence plus the cumulative dividends paid of 91.4 pence giving a result of 185.6 pence per share.
The total amount of shareholder dividend distributions paid since the company was launched.
The sum of the capital reserve, revenue reserve and that part of the revaluation reserve which is related to readily realisable investments.
The sum of dividends proposed or paid in respect of the last 12 months as at a given date expressed as a percentage of the net asset value per share at the start of the period. We use this measure as it shows the dividend income receivable by shareholders over a 12 month period expressed as a theoretical yield based on acquiring a single share at the NAV per share at the start of the period. The dividend yield as at 31 March 2019 is calculated by dividing the dividend per share paid or proposed over the preceeding 12 months of 4.0 pence by the NAV per share at the start of the period of 94.0 pence giving a result of 4.3%.
The date immediately preceding the record date for a given dividend. Shareholders who acquire their shares on or after the ex-dividend date will not be eligible to receive the relevant dividend.
The profit or loss on the sale of an investment during the year calculated by reference to the proceeds received on sale of the investment less the valuation of the investment at the last annual report date.
The theoretical return to a shareholder over a given period based on acquiring shares at the start of the period at the latest published NAV per share then utilising the proceeds of each dividend paid during the period to acquire further shares at the latest published NAV per share as at each ex-dividend date. We use this measure as it enables comparisons to be drawn against an investment index in order to benchmark performance. The result is plotted on page 19 and the calculation follows the method prescribed by the Association of Investment Companies (further details may be found here: www.theaic.co.uk/glossary/nav-total-return-performance).
The amount by which total assets of the company exceed its total liabilities. It is equal to the total equity shareholders' funds.
Net asset value divided by the number of ordinary shares.
The total of investment management fees and other expenses as shown in the income statement.
The cut-off date on which a shareholder needs to be beneficially entitled to a share on the share register of the company in order to qualify for a forthcoming dividend.
The theoretical return to a shareholder over a given period based on acquiring shares at the start of the period at the prevailing mid-market share price then utilising the proceeds of each dividend paid during the period to acquire further shares at the share price as at each ex-dividend date. We use this measure as it enables comparisons to be drawn against an investment index in order to benchmark performance. The result is plotted on page 19 and the calculation follows the method prescribed by the association of investment companies (further details may be found here: www.theaic.co.uk/ glossary/share-price-total-return-performance).
The total income, gain or loss on disposal of investments and movements in the fair value of investments less ongoing charges for the period, as shown in the income statement.
Time Central 32 Gallowgate Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4SN
T 0191 244 6000 F 0191 244 6001 E [email protected]
www.nvm.co.uk
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