AI Terminal

MODULE: AI_ANALYST
Interactive Q&A, Risk Assessment, Summarization
MODULE: DATA_EXTRACT
Excel Export, XBRL Parsing, Table Digitization
MODULE: PEER_COMP
Sector Benchmarking, Sentiment Analysis
SYSTEM ACCESS LOCKED
Authenticate / Register Log In

CTT-Correios de Portugal

Annual Report Mar 7, 2018

1911_iss_2018-03-07_71abe3aa-c2f0-447a-b915-ddabdc0e99cb.pdf

Annual Report

Open in Viewer

Opens in native device viewer

Annual Report

2017

CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A. - Public Company Avenida D. João II, 13, 1999-001 LISBON - PORTUGAL Lisbon commercial registry and fiscal no. 500 077 568 Share Capital EUR 75,000,000.00

CHAIRMAN'S STATEMENT 5
VICE-CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS & CEO'S STATEMENT 6
CORPORATE BODIES AND MANAGEMENT 11
KEY FIGURES 14
AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS 17
PART I – MANAGEMENT REPORT 20
1.
STRATEGIC LINES 20
2.
BUSINESSES 24
2.1.
Economic, sectoral and regulatory environment 24
2.2.
Mail 37
2.3.
Express & Parcels 44
2.4.
Financial Services 47
2.5.
Banco CTT 48
3.
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND CTT SHARE PERFORMANCE 50
4.
HUMAN RESOURCES 65
5.
QUALITY, INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY IN CTT'S ACTIVITIES 68
5.1.
Quality of Service 68
5.2.
Innovation and development 69
5.3.
Sustainability 71
6.
SUBSEQUENT EVENTS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES 73
7.
PROPOSAL FOR THE APPROPRIATION OF RESULTS 75
8.
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY 75
PART II – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 79
Consolidated and individual financial statements 79
PART III –AUDIT REPORT AND REPORT AND OPINION OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE 193
CONTACTS 217

CHAIRMAN'S STATEMENT

In April 2017, the General Meeting of CTT elected a new Board of Directors for the 2017/2019 term of office that I am honoured to chair, and which is now reporting results relative to its first year of mandate.

First of all, I would like to thank the former members of the Board of Directors for their dedication and commitment in such an important period for CTT as the one of the first three years immediately after the privatisation.

CTT operates in a sector going through a comprehensive transformation. Mail volumes are undergoing a structural decline. More specifically, in Portugal, mail volumes have been declining since 2001 and today we deliver c. 50% of the items that were delivered at the peak. As such, there is the imperative need to transform the company in its organisation and structure, adapting it to the new reality where it operates, where there is a clear growing preference for digital communication over traditional mail.

At the end of 2017, we announced the launch of the Operational Transformation Plan, to be implemented until 2020. This plan is a direct response to the previously referred need of transformation in the mail business and implies both structural and processes adjustments in order to accommodate for lower levels of activity whilst maintaining what has always been CTT's DNA: the commitment of assuring the universal public service in close proximity to the population and quality standards aligned with the best practices in Europe.

Globally, we notice a trend for Mail business diversification to adjacent activities which allow postal operators to leverage on their unique assets and pursue growth and future sustainability. CTT is no exception and, even though Mail still represents more than 70% of the total revenues, the Company has been significantly investing in the development of its growth levers: Express & Parcels, in both Portugal and Spain, creating an integrated Iberian offer, and Banco CTT.

It is our drive and commitment that CTT continues to distinguish itself as it has done throughout its long history of close to 500 years. We aim to remain close to the population and maintain the confidence that the Portuguese feel towards the CTT brand. We intend to remain an employer of reference and a responsible Company concerned with environmental, social and economic sustainability.

I believe our Board of Directors and Executive Committee have the motivation, knowledge and necessary experience to successfully overcome the challenges ahead.

As a final note, I would like to assure my absolute commitment to continually develop our governance model according to the three guidelines which have been followed since the company was privatised: decision-making processes involving the active and informed participation of all members of the Board of Directors, transparency, rigour and responsibility in sharing and presenting information and a fair acknowledgment of the interests of all stakeholders.

António Gomes Mota

Chairman of the Board of Directors

VICE-CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS & CEO'S STATEMENT

I. Introduction

2017 was a very challenging year. The decline of mail volumes accelerated more than expected, increasing pressure on revenues, only partially offset by mix and price effects. Financial Services revenues (apart from Banco CTT) continued the declining trend. On the other hand, Express & Parcels and Banco CTT revenues grew, still from a relatively smaller base, but the build-up of their contribution to CTT's profitability requires time. The operating costs continued under pressure, given CTT's commitment to the Universal Service Obligation (USO) and the cost increase driven by the growth of non-postal businesses, which also leverage on CTT's Retail and Distribution networks.

All these facts and its implications demand a call for action (and not only incremental adjustments), designed around the launch of a sizeable Operational Transformation Plan as a key element. The long-term sustainability of its competitive advantages is dependent on an intense short-term effort of CTT and its stakeholders. This demanding period will require the mobilization of relevant resources and a strong state of resilience backed by the involvement and contribution of all stakeholders – shareholders, management, employees, partners, suppliers and communities.

A building block in sustaining the mid-term transformation of the company, the Transformation Plan launched in December 2017 is focused on the postal business with the objectives of (i) improving efficiency and profitability levels and (ii) reinforcing quality of service, in compliance with regulatory requirements. It is an important reinforcement of our strategy to preserve the value of the mail business in parallel with enhancing the development of the growth levers, Express & Parcels and Banco CTT. For CTT's sustainable future it is critical to innovate, modernise and continue to execute the business diversification, in order to grow revenues and absorb the reduction of its current dependence on the mail business.

In the coming years, CTT will undergo a significant and comprehensive change, in line with the postal sector globally. During this period of transformation, our goal will be to preserve and maximise the profitability of our assets and continue to gain the trust and recognition of all of our stakeholders.

II. Postal Sector transformation acceleration and its impacts on CTT

Digitalisation is the main driver of the structural decline of physical mail, which accelerated in Portugal in 2017. The trend is global, yet its speed was less pronounced in Portugal in the period of 2014-2016 (-3.7%) than in other European countries, namely those where the digitalisation of governmental communications is at a more advanced stage. However, the addressed mail volumes decline reached 5.6% in 2017, worse than the guidance range of -4% to -5%.

On the other hand, e-commerce growth has been impacting positively the last-mile delivery of parcels. Postal operators are developing their Express & Parcels offer, making it a key component of their growth strategy. The volume of parcels delivered by European operators has grown at an average of 8% per year between 2012 and 2016. In 2017, the volumes delivered by CTT in Portugal and in Spain have increased by more than 20%. We believe there is still a significant upside potential in these markets, since e-commerce parcels deliveries per capita in the markets where we operate are still much lower than those of other countries.

Globalisation presents opportunities and challenges to postal players, providing access to non-domestic markets and respective international flows but promoting an increase in competition. More specifically, in Portugal and Spain we are witnessing a phenomenon of "Iberisation", where companies increasingly view the Iberian market as one, addressing their needs at this level (over local solutions), including those needs related with last-mile delivery of parcels.

Finally, postal operators globally have been able to reinvent themselves taking advantage of their assets to explore additional sources of value. Business diversification has been requiring investment in growth levers and a new mindset, resulting in the noticeable lower dependence of postal operators on the traditional business. Non-mail businesses' "share" has been increasing significantly (62% of total revenues in 2016 vs. 51% in 2011), mainly accomplished through the growth of Parcels & Logistics and Financial Services. CTT has also been pursuing a similar diversification strategy, however, it is lagging vs. the sector due to the still limited penetration of e-commerce parcels in Portugal and Spain and the "early stage" of development of Banco CTT, which was only launched in 2016. The company results are still very dependent on the Mail business performance, which still represents more than 70% of our business.

III. 2017 Results

In 2017, CTT reported revenues of €714m, of which €16m resulted from the sale of the former head office building and €698m were recurring revenues (+0.4% growth vs. the previous year). This growth has been mainly driven by the positive evolution of Express & Parcels, Banco CTT and the acquisition of Transporta (a last mile cargo and logistics company).

Mail recurring revenues decreased by 1.1% (-€6m), totaling €527m. Addressed mail volumes declined 5.6% (vs. a decline of 4.2% in 2016) and unaddressed mail volumes reported a decrease of 1.1% (vs. growth of 5.1% in 2016). Price increase and a change in product mix demand to more added value products, such as registered and international mail, enabled us to partially offset the impact of the acceleration of mail volumes decline on revenues.

The Express & Parcels business in Portugal demonstrated a good performance in 2017, growing revenues by 7.7% to €82m. This increase is explained by a sustained growth of 3.3% in the CEP (Courier, Express & Parcels) business, the acquisition of Transporta (+€9m, since May 2017) and a still sharp decline of 20.7% in the banking documents transportation activity. In Spain the growth was even more pronounced, as revenues grew by 18.2% vs. 2016. The volumes growth in Portugal and Spain was 21.5% and 26.1%, respectively, mainly driven by e-commerce. It is important to note, however, that the impact of this volumes growth on revenues has been softened by the mix progressive bias to e-commerce products and increasing market competitive pressures on prices.

As far as Financial Services are concerned, revenues declined 12.7% vs. 2016 (-€9m), mainly as a result of the termination of the agreement with Altice at the end of 2016, the decrease in revenues from the payments business due to structural decline and competitive price pressures (-€2m) and lower insurance products placements (-€2m) due to the low interest rate environment. The decrease in Financial Services revenues is partially compensated by the growth in Banco CTT, which concluded its first full year of activity with revenues totaling €8m (vs. €1m in 2016).

If, on the one hand, topline results remained relatively stable, even taking into account the difficult context of acceleration of mail volumes decline in 2017 and the continued deterioration in the Financial Services business, on the other hand, we experienced an increase in operating costs in order to support the development of our growth levers which impacted the Company's profitability.

2017 recurring operating costs amounted to €608m (+5.6% vs. 2016). Transporta (+€10m), the other Express & Parcels activities (+€7m), where variable costs increased with more activity, and Banco CTT (+€6m) explain a large part of the recurring operating costs increase. But there were also increases in staff, energy and fuel costs in the Mail business.

As a result, we witnessed the decline in the Mail recurring EBITDA margin from 18.3% in 2016 to 14.9% in 2017. Since this core business still represents more than 70% of CTT's results, the Company's consolidated EBITDA margin was heavily impacted, decreasing from 17.2% to 12.9% in the corresponding period, with 2017 recurring EBITDA amounting to €90m. CTT's growth levers are showing positive evolution in revenues, but their contribution to profitability is still small.

IV. CTT strategy: transform the postal business and continue to develop CTT's growth levers

The acceleration in mail volumes decline determines the need of an increased urgency to restructure the postal business in order to add resilience to the strategic mid-term transformation of the Company, while we continue to develop the Express & Parcels and Banking businesses, the growth levers for the future.

Postal Business Restructuring

CTT has been implementing various efficiency measures in the past years, specifically through process automation in mail and parcels sorting, insourcing of previously outsourced activities and integration of Mail and Express & Parcels distribution networks. In parallel, our growth levers were being developed, sharing the utilisation of the two largest networks of CTT (Distribution and Retail) with the postal business, thus contributing to the Mail profitability. However, given the continuous and recent accelerated decline in mail volumes, it is mandatory to further explore optimisation measures and adjust our fixed cost structure to mid-term needs, while at the same time guaranteeing high-quality operational standards and compliance with USO requirements, maintaining the proximity with the Portuguese people and CTT's positive brand awareness and trust.

Once again, in 2017 CTT has surpassed the required Overall Quality of Service Indicator, having accomplished a result of 110.1, thus complying with its regulatory obligations which establishes a minimum of 100. It is important to note that regulation for the period of 2018 – 2020 is currently being reviewed by the Regulator to which concerns quality standards and pricing policies. A final decision has not been communicated yet.

The Operational Transformation Plan was constructed in this context and is based on 4 fundamental pillars: (i) Adjustment of Human Resources (HR) policies and deepening of the External Supplies and Services (ES&S) cost reduction efforts; (ii) Reinforcement of the HR optimisation programme and rationalisation of non-core assets (real estate); (iii) Optimisation of the Retail Network maintaining proximity to the citizens; (iv) Reengineering of the Distribution Network to improve operational efficiency and quality.

With the specific measures announced, CTT aims to adapt its structure to the dynamic reality of the businesses where it operates. These measures cover a significant part of the company's costs, since they target the Mail business whose costs represent c. 75% of the total, and have impacts across all cost categories (Staff, ES&S and Central structure). The expected contribution of these measures is estimated to be up to €45m in recurring EBITDA from 2020 onwards, requiring c. €55m of one-off costs and c. €25m of additional investment in the period to 2020.

Transform and develop non-postal businesses

Continuing and enhancing the efforts to reinvent CTT is critical, being essential to maintain our investments in the growth levers (Express & Parcels and Banco CTT) and in the modernisation of the company, developing new capabilities and tools that allow efficient work in a dynamic environment, improving technological and analytical capacities. The strategic objectives are the following:

i. Grow above market in parcels and value-added services (mail & parcels)

In 2017, the volumes delivered by CTT registered a double-digit increase in both Iberian markets (growth of 21.5% in Portugal and 26.1% in Spain). Regarding the Portuguese market, it is important to stress that CTT maintains its leadership position in the CEP market.

Following the recent (late 2016) launch of a new modular offer for Express & Parcels (e-segue), during 2017 we focused on customer acquisition and in further development of our leadership presence in this eco-system through (i) release of an app which allows a better interface and customer experience with a broad range of features available (track urgent orders, change orders, real time notifications at key moments of the delivery process, easy return solutions) and (ii) the launch of innovative capacities in the market (partnership with marketplaces, custom made solutions, pilots of parcel lockers and same-day delivery based on a crowd shipping model and an omni-channel platform).

In May, the acquisition of Transporta was concluded. This transaction fits CTT's strategy to capture growth opportunities in adjacent markets with potential synergies and creating a new growth platform within the last-mile logistics and cargo value chain. CTT is now providing an integrated solution for its customers' various logistics and delivery needs. The integration process has been progressing as planned, with a significant amount of operational synergies already captured in the integration of sales capacities, networks, infrastructure, fleet and support services.

We continue to work strongly on reinforcing our Iberian positioning. It is important to highlight that Tourline, CTT's Spanish Express & Parcel subsidiary, accomplished breakeven at EBITDA level in the last quarter of 2017, as planned. This was achieved due to the increase of the client base, expansion of the franchisee network and decrease of the unitary distribution cost. Given the Iberisation phenomenon described above, it is essential for CTT to have a solid presence in Spain and well integrated with its operations in Portugal.

ii. Continue Banco CTT's path towards breakeven

2017 was another positive year for Banco CTT. Compared with 2016, the number of current accounts has tripled to 226 thousand, deposits have more than doubled to €619m, and the number of customers also more than doubled to 285 thousand. Given these results, we can clearly say that Banco CTT has been very well received by the population.

During 2017 we launched the mortgage loan products, thus completing Banco CTT offer for mass market individuals. Aligned with Banco CTT's strategy, it has been designed as a simple and value product. Our offer includes innovative features such as an app which allows to initiate and develop a large part of the process without physical presence. The first contract was signed in March and growth has been consistent since then – at the end of the year Banco CTT had granted a total amount of €66m in mortgage credit.

The encouraging performance of Banco CTT is reflected in its revenues, which increased significantly (from €1m in 2016 to €8m in 2017) and contributed positively to CTT's revenues. Banco CTT has been able to keep a tight control in its costs and investments, but has not yet, as planned, reached breakeven.

iii. Stimulate sales and increase profitability

During 2017, we implemented the remaining initiatives defined under the 2016 Commercial Excellence programme, such as the reorganisation of our sales force by industry sector, the revision of the account planning methodology, and the creation and implementation of new mechanisms to identify sales opportunities and promote cross-selling. We have also reviewed pricing and profit maximisation guidelines. These components should be continuously analysed and adapted to guarantee the continued growth of CTT's topline and profitability.

iv. Upgrade technology and data management platform (analytics, digitalisation)

In 2017 we proceeded with the implementation of the Information Systems Strategic Plan which sets the profound transformation of IT applications and infrastructures. Amongst the implemented initiatives, we highlight the modernisation of our production and invoicing platforms, that are enabling significant upgrades in interfaces (starting at the mailman with devices that allow for digitalisation resulting in more agile processes) and analytics capacities, fundamental to manage a competitive business in today's world and upgrade customer experience through physical, phone, internet and app interaction.

V. Final remarks

In these challenging times, I would like to thank the dedication and commitment of every CTT employee. I also thank the cooperation and valuable contribution of our shareholders, clients and all remaining stakeholders. We are beginning a period that will require the contribution of all to ensure CTT sustainability.

I would like to reinforce CTT's commitment to the Operational Transformation Plan, executing investments and all other initiatives while complying with high quality standards and all regulatory obligations. It is my conviction that this plan and the development of Express & Parcels and Banco CTT businesses are absolutely necessary to guarantee the sustainable future of our Company. The coming period will be demanding, but I am confident that we will successfully deliver on our ambition.

Francisco de Lacerda

Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors & CEO

CORPORATE BODIES AND MANAGEMENT1

Board of Directors

Chairman: António Sarmento Gomes Mota
Vice-Chairman: Francisco José Queiroz de Barros de Lacerda (CEO)
Members2: Dionizia Maria Ribeiro Farinha Ferreira
Nuno
de
Carvalho
Fernandes
Thomaz
(Member
of
the
Audit
Committee)
José Manuel Baptista Fino
Céline Dora Judith Abecassis-Moedas
António Pedro Ferreira Vaz da Silva
Francisco Maria da Costa de Sousa de Macedo Simão
João Afonso Ramalho Sopas Pereira Bento
Maria Luísa Coutinho Ferreira Leite de Castro Anacoreta Correia
(Chairwoman of the Audit Committee)
Maria Belén Amatriain Corbi (Member of the Audit Committee)
Rafael Caldeira de Castel-Branco Valverde
Guy Patrick Guimarães de Goyri Pacheco3

Board of the General Meeting

Chairman: Júlio de Lemos de Castro Caldas
Vice-Chairman: Francisco Maria Freitas de Moraes Sarmento Ramalho

Remuneration Committee

Chairman: João Luís Ramalho de Carvalho Talone
Members: Rui Manuel Meireles dos Anjos Alpalhão
Manuel Fernando Macedo Alves Monteiro

1 As at the date of approval of this Annual Report.

2 (i) Rui Miguel de Oliveira Horta e Costa tendered his resignation as member of the Board of Directors on 08/02/2017. (ii) Ana Maria de Carvalho Jordão Ribeiro Monteiro de Macedo, Manuel Cabral de Abreu Castelo-Branco, Manuel Carlos de Melo Champalimaud and Diogo José Paredes Leite de Campos ceased their functions as Members of the Board of Directors on 20/04/2017. (iii) André Manuel Pereira Gorjão de Andrade Costa ceased his duties as Member of the Board of Directors (CFO) on 19/12/2017.

3 Co-opted by a decision of the Board of Directors of 19/12/2017 to complete the current term of office (pending ratification at the General Meeting) for the position of Member of the Board of Directors (CFO) to replace André Manuel Pereira Gorjão de Andrade Costa.

Executive Committee 4
Chairman: Francisco José Queiroz de Barros de Lacerda (CEO)
Members: Dionizia Maria Ribeiro Farinha Ferreira
António Pedro Ferreira Vaz da Silva
Francisco Maria da Costa de Sousa de Macedo Simão
Guy Patrick Guimarães de Goyri Pacheco (CFO)
Audit Committee
Chairwoman: Maria Luísa Coutinho Ferreira Leite de Castro Anacoreta Correia
Members: Nuno de Carvalho Fernandes Thomaz
Maria Belén Amatriain Corbi
Corporate Governance, Evaluation and Nominating Committee
Chairman: António Sarmento Gomes Mota
Members: José Manuel Baptista Fino
Céline Dora Judith Abecassis-Moedas5
João Afonso Ramalho Sopas Pereira Bento
Rafael Caldeira de Castel-Branco Valverde
Statutory Auditor
Statutory Auditor (ROC): KPMG & Associados, SROC, S.A., represented by Paulo Alexandre
Martins Quintas Paixão6
Alternate Statutory Auditor: Vítor Manuel da Cunha Ribeirinho

4 Members appointed for the 2017/2019 term of office by a decision of the Board of Directors of 20/04/2017.

5 Appointed as Member of the Corporate Governance, Evaluation and Nominating Committee by a deliberation of the Board of Directors of 14/02/2017 to replace Rui Miguel de Oliveira Horta e Costa. Re-elected for the 2017/2019 term of office.

6 Representative appointed by the firm KMPG & Associados – SROC, S.A. to replace Maria Cristina Santos Ferreira, former representative, effective as of 1 May 2017.

.

Management Organisation

KEY FIGURES

Economic and financial indicators (consolidated IFRS data)

€ thousand or %, except where indicated 2015 2016 2017 Δ% 17/16
Revenues (1) 727,180 695,060 697,932 0.4
Operating costs excluding depreciation, amortisation,
impairments, provisions and non recurring-costs
583,205 575,561 608,025 5.6
Recurring EBITDA (2) 143,975 119,499 89,906 -24.8
Recurring EBIT (2) 119,762 94,687 60,205 -36.4
Earnings before taxes and financial results 109,932 90,883 47,093 -48.2
EBT 104,610 85,245 42,093 -50.6
Net profit for the period 72,071 61,897 27,115 -56.2
Net profit attributable to equity holders 72,065 62,160 27,263 -56.1
Earnings per share (euro)(3) 0.48 0.42 0.18 -56.3
Recurring EBITDA margin 19.8% 17.2% 12.9% -4.3 p.p.
Recurring EBIT margin 16.5% 13.6% 8.6% -5.0 p.p.
Net profit margin 9.9% 8.9% 3.9% -5.0 p.p.
Capex 32,331 42,160 28,534 -32.3
Operating free cash flow (4) 68,322 2,915 38,523 1,221.5
31.12.2015 31.12.2016 31.12.2017 Δ% 17/16
Cash and cash equivalents 603,650 618,811 626,825 1.3
Net cash 278,999 295,306 360,930 22.2
Assets 1,119,472 1,316,697 1,608,765 22.2
Liabilities 867,637 1,083,370 1,424,774 31.5
Equity 251,835 233,327 183,991 -21.1
Share Capital 75,000 75,000 75,000 -
Number of shares 150,000,000 150,000,000 150,000,000 -

(1) Excluding non-recurring revenues.

(2) Before non-recurring revenues and costs.

(3) It is considered the number of shares outstanding excluding 1 own share (200,177 bought in 2015, 400,534 bought in 2016 and 600,530 attributed in 31 january 2017 to the Company's executive Board Members as long term variable remuneration for the 2014/2016 term of office).

(4) Cash flow excluding the change in net Financial Services payables, banking customer deposits and other loans, credit to Bank clients, third parties other receivables and payments related to Banco CTT, financial assets available for sale, investments held to maturity, deposits at the Bank of Portugal and other banking financial assets.

Recurring revenues and EBITDA per business unit

Operating Indicators

2015 2016 2017 Δ% 17/16
Mail
Addressed mail volumes (million items) 814.7 780.2 736.6 -5.6
Transactional mail 688.3 662.8 627.2 -5.4
Editorial mail 46.2 43.3 40.8 -5.6
Advertising mail 80.2 74.2 68.5 -7.6
Unaddressed mail volumes (million items) 473.4 497.8 492.1 -1.1
Express & Parcels
Portugal (million items) 14.4 14.6 17.7 21.5
Spain (million items) 14.0 12.3 15.5 26.1
Financial Services
Payments (number of transactions; millions) 61.5 57.6 53.7 -6.8
Savings and insurance (subscriptions and redemptions; € millions) 4,252.9 3,794.0 4,020.9 6.0
Banco CTT
Number of current accounts - 74,135 226,001 204.9
Client deposits (€m) - 253,945 619,230 143.8
Number of branches - 202 208 3.0
Staff
Staff (FTE) (1) 12,462 12,479 12,787 2.5
Retail, Transport and Delivery Networks
Post offices 619 615 608 -1.1
Postal agencies (partnership branches) 1,711 1,724 1,761 2.1
Payshop agents 3,939 4,202 4,394 4.6
Postal delivery offices 254 242 235 -2.9
Postal delivery routes 4,731 4,698 4,702 0.1
Fleet (number of vehicles) 3,530 3,609 3,626 0.5

(1) FTE = Full-time equivalent.

Sustainability Indicators

2015 2016 2017 Δ% 17/16
Customers
Customer satisfaction (%) 85.2 86.1 84.7 -1.4 p.p.
Total number of operating units certified (ISO standard and Retail and
Delivery Networks certification)
1,183 1,167 1,254 7.5
Retail and delivery networks certification (% coverage) 100 100 100 -
Overall Quality of Service Indicator (OQSI, points) (1) 205.8 122.9 110.1 -12.8
Staff
Number of accidents 949 979 1,072 9.5
Training (hours) 316,042 311,354 262,480 -15.7
Women in management positions (1st management level) (%) 35.3 32.4 31.6 -0.8 p.p.
Community/Environment
Value chain - contracts with environmental criteria (%) 99.2 99.4 98.7 -0.7 p.p.
Total CO2 emissions, scope 1 and 2 (kton.) (2) (3) 16.3 16.5 16.2 -1.4
Energy consumption (TJ) (2) (3) 381.3 384.9 386.4 0.4
Eco-friendly vehicles 304 326 353 8.3
Weight of Eco product range in Direct Mail line (%) (4) 34.3 37.1 37.4 0.3 p.p.
Investment in the Community (€ thousand) 908 1,236 1,144 -7.5

(1) The value of the 2016 OQSI published with the 2016 annual report (126.0) was recalculated according to the final Anacom decision of November 2017 relative to the formula for calculation of the indicators IQS4 - ordinary mail not delivered within 15 work days and IQS5 - priority mail not delivered within 10 work days.

(2) Includes acquisition of "green" energy (with zero carbon emissions).

(3) Indicators excluding Transporta and CORRE data.

(4) Volume.

AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS

CTT and its senior officers received the following awards and recognitions in 2017:

POSTAL INDUSTRY OSCARS (World Post & Parcels Awards)

CTT was again distinguished in the 2017 World Post & Parcels Awards with first prize in the Human Resource Management category for NAVEINFORMA, a process which allows any department of the company to communicate through images or written information in real time with all the employees in the computerised retail network and postal agencies, at no additional cost, using the NAVE computer system. CTT was also nominated in two other categories: Social Responsibility, for the project "Solidarity Santa Claus", and Technology, for the project "CTTADS.PT", which both received honourable mention as "highly recommended".

TRUSTED BRAND

For the 14th time, CTT was again distinguished as one of Portugal's Trusted Brands, in a study carried out by Reader's Digest magazine, with first place in the "Postal and Logistics Services" category, winning 85% of the votes.

SUPERBRANDS BRAND

CTT was one of the 34 brands distinguished nationally as a Superbrands brand, in the 13th edition of this international award.

CTT'S LEGAL SERVICES AMONG THE MOST INFLUENTIAL AND INNOVATIVE

CTT's legal services, through the Corporate and New Business team, were distinguished as one of the most innovative in-house legal services teams of the Iberian Peninsula, being included in the 2017 Legal 500 ranking of the best advocacy professionals, a ranking of lawyers and legal companies which is recognised worldwide.

BEST BUY AWARDPORTUGAL 2017/2018

In a study carried out by ICERTIAS - International Certification Association, CTT was elected by Portuguese internet users as the company which offers the best price-quality ratio in express delivery services; the company received the Best Buy Award medal.

BEST CONSUMER PAYMENTS SOLUTIONS PROVIDER PORTUGAL 2017

Payshop, the company responsible for providing CTT's payments business, was distinguished in the Global Business Awards 2017, winning the award in the category Best Consumer Payments Solutions Provider – Portugal 2017.

LOGISTICS EXCELLENCE AWARD

CTT received the 2017 Logistics Excellence Award for its New Architecture for the Production and Logistics Network (NARPEL) project. This is the most important logistics industry award in Portugal and is promoted by the Portuguese Logistics Association (APLOG) and the magazine Logística Moderna.

POSTEUROP INNOVATION AWARD

The cttads.pt solution was distinguished with the PostEurop Innovation Award 2017.

MARKETEERAWARDS 2017

CTT was named "Brand of the Year in the Corporate category" in the 9th edition of the Marketeer Awards. These awards are given to distinguish the best work being done in Portugal in the areas of strategy, communication, marketing and advertising.

WIPA GRAND PRIX

The stamp issue commemorating the Portuguese Canning Industry was awarded the WIPA Grand Prix 2017, decided by the prestigious jury of the Vienna International Philatelic Exhibition. This was the first issue of stamps anywhere in the world issued in real cans, and it was selected as the most beautiful of 2016.

APOM AWARDS 2017

The Portuguese Association of Museology (APOM) distinguished CTT as the cultural organisation of the year for the company's continuous efforts to disseminate Portugal's museum heritage through philately.

NEXOFIL GRAND PRIX

The souvenir sheet "Marian Sanctuaries – Fátima" was considered the "Best Souvenir Sheet of 2016" in the Nexofil Grand Prix gala. The Nexofil awards are granted by "El Eco" magazine, the oldest and most renowned Spanish philatelic and numismatic magazine, which has been published without interruption for 73 years.

FUNDACOM PRIZES

CTT, with CTT TV, won the Corporate Radio and Television category of the Fundacom Prizes, awarded for the best work in the field of organisational and strategic communications in Spanish and Portuguese. CTT also earned two honourable mentions: in the External Event (up to 1,000 persons) category, for the 2016 Employer Brand Assessment Day, and the In-House Publications category, for the magazine "Move-nos".

CTT'S LINES DISTINGUISHED IN THE 2017 BEST AWARDS OF THE PORTUGUESE ASSOCIATION OF CONTACT CENTRES 2017

The CTT and CTT Expresso lines were recently awarded the silver and bronze medals respectively in the APCC Best Awards 2017, in the Transports, Distribution and Logistics category. This is the 8th award won by CTT's Contact centre, and the 5th won by CTT Expresso's Contact centre, since 2010 in the top events related with this area, showing that CTT continues in the forefront of Contact centres in Portugal.

SOLID REPUTATION BRAND

CTT received a Reputation Sustainability Award after a study carried out by the consultant OnStrategy to identify and recognise those brands which have a sustained record of excellence and solidity in Portugal over 10 years.

WORLD LEADER IN THE SUSTAINABILITY RANKING

CTT won first place ex aequo in the postal, express and logistics sector of the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) ranking. This is the most important energy and carbon sustainability rating in the world.

GREEN PROJECT AWARDS

For the 3rd year running, CTT was distinguished in the most important national environmental award, the Portuguese Drivers' Challenge, organised by CTT, receiving honourable mention in the "Efficient Resource Management" category.

HUMAN RESOURCES PORTUGAL DISTINGUISHES CTT WITH TWO AWARDS

CTT won the Human Resources Portugal 2016 prize in the categories of "Gender equality", for promoting and defending gender equality, and "Seniors Management", for having the best policy for senior employees.

EXCELLENCE IN ROAD SAFETY AWARDS

CTT was distinguished in the 2017 Excellence in Road Safety Awards promoted by the European Road Safety Charter, for the Road Safety programme that the company has been applying since 2015. These awards, handed out every year by the European Commission, recognise the most outstanding road safety projects in Europe.

COUPS DE CŒUR AWARDS

CTT's car-pooling platform, set up to reduce emissions caused by employees who commute to work, was a finalist in the environment category of the 2017 PostEurop Coups de Cœur awards.

PART I – MANAGEMENT REPORT

1. STRATEGIC LINES

1.1. Industry trends

The postal industry is undergoing a profound transformation. Internationally we see the adaptation of existing companies to a business environment of constant change, and a competitive environment in which their traditional business is shrinking. CTT's strategy has been defined in the light of trends in the industry, adopting best practices and success strategies, and particularly considering the specific needs of the markets in which it operates.

Industry trends may be summarised in the following points:

  • i. Digitalisation substitution of physical processes and communications by digital technologies, with the specific consequence for the postal industry of a structural reduction in business.
  • ii. Growth of e-commerce exponential increase in online purchases, leading to greater requirements for parcel delivery and logistics operations.
  • iii. Globalisation, liberalisation and privatisation increased scope of activities and capacity of postal operators in an increasingly competitive environment, and driven by the need to guarantee results to the various stakeholders.
  • iv. Diversification entry into and development of alternative business areas to mail services, increasing the profitability of postal operators' assets – particularly distribution and retail networks – and reducing their dependence on mail.
  • v. Focus on efficiency constant operational improvement and optimisation of resources to maximise profitability, demanding flexible, agile technological architecture to allow services to be developed without prejudicing profitability levels.
  • vi. Internet of Postal Things developing the assets of postal operators (postmen and women acting as field force, extending vehicle fleets, proliferation of points in the physical network) for data collection and provision of services under a big data concept.

1.2. Strategic lines

CTT has been adopting a diversification strategy in line with industry trends, adapting its business model to compensate for the structural decline in mail. Nevertheless, CTT is still heavily dependent on its mail business (more than 70% of its revenues versus 40% for the industry – data from IPC's Global Industry Report 2017) and is in an initial transformation phase due to the still limited penetration of e-commerce parcels in the market in Portugal, and the fact that Banco CTT only started to operate in 2016.

CTT's 2017 results came under strong pressure due to a greater decrease in mail volumes than originally foreseen, and an increase in the operating costs of this business unit resulting from CTT's commitment to the Universal Postal Obligation and its support for the company's growth levers. The growth levers, Express & Parcels and Banco CTT, demonstrate that they have potential and are in

the process of growing, however they need more time before they can contribute to the Group's profitability – the contribution of Express & Parcels is still very limited, while Banco CTT is still on course to achieve break-even point.

It became therefore fundamental to review CTT's strategy to accommodate the consequences of these facts and urgently needed actions, and follow up on the strategic transformation of the company in the medium term. There is a need to give a strategic footing to the reformulation of the postal business, in order to adjust the fixed-costs structure to medium-term needs, so as to improve profitability and strengthen quality of service; at the same time, efforts must be continued and focused on transforming and developing non-postal business areas, particularly Express & Parcels and Banco CTT.

A. Reformulation of the postal business

The object of the Operational Transformation Plan is to make a strong contribution to the company's results, helping to counteract the impact of the mail volumes decline. This plan will be implemented gradually until 2020, with an annual saving expected from that year onwards of up to €45m. The Plan's initiatives cover the principal component of CTT's operating costs, the mail business unit in different cost categories (staff, external supplies and services, and central structure). Implementation of the Plan and realisation of the estimated savings involve an additional investment of around €25m and non-recurring costs of approximately €55m. Implementation will require the continuous involvement of the Executive Committee, and the Board of Directors will also monitor it closely through the Implementation Monitoring Committee created for that purpose which will be led by the Chairman of the Board and include Non-Executive Directors (including the Non-Executive Director representing the largest shareholder).

The plan can be summarised in 4 major initiatives:

  • 1. Adjust human resources policies and deepen the efforts to reduce external supplies and services costs:
  • a. adjust the remuneration and incentives system for the Board of Directors and employees.
  • b. reduce costs not related to the growth levers, such as: IT, rentals, utilities, communications and the vehicle fleet, supported by renegotiation of contracts and rationalisation of the use of services/premises.
  • 2. Strengthen the human resources optimisation programme (continued elimination of redundancies) and rationalise non-core assets (sale of non-core real estate to save associated costs).
  • 3. Optimise the retail network by converting post offices into postal agencies or closing post offices with low customer demand, while maintaining proximity to citizens, quality of service and compliance with regulatory obligations.
  • 4. Reorganise the distribution network to improve operational efficiency:
  • a. redesign the distribution network footprint and coverage to adapt it to changes in volumes and in the mix of postal items, and consequently streamline the transportation and fleet network, and concentrate postal delivery offices.
  • b. optimise operations and mail handling through the automation of sorting and sequencing processes, and reduce absenteeism while increasing staff flexibility.

B. Transform and grow non-postal businesses

The transformation of non-postal businesses requires not only the development of services but also a structure capable of capturing market opportunities and responding to customers' needs, which change constantly and increasingly. Thus, the modernisation of CTT's business model, leveraged on its existing platforms and capacities, is based among other things on the following completed, current or planned initiatives:

1. Above-market growth in parcels and value-added services (mail & parcels):

  • i. strengthening CTT's range of services in order to grow in the B2B (business to business) and B2C (business to consumer) markets in Portugal – in 2017, specific B2B services were developed for segments with greatest growth potential (e.g. shopping network); the CTT e-segue app was launched to allow centralised management of parcel deliveries (e.g. tracking the course of urgent parcels, changes during the course of a parcel, real-time notifications on the mail items/parcels); automated lockers for parcel delivery (parcel lockers) pilot was launched; partnership with OLX; preparation of the pilot for instant delivery based on a crowd-shipping model on a multi-channel platform.
  • ii. consolidation of the positioning of CTT as an Iberia-wide operator, to allow integrated market coverage – in the fourth quarter of 2017 Tourline reached breakeven, and in future this subsidiary shall focus on consolidating the position achieved and on ensuring that its structure and operations achieve the expected growth.
  • iii. capture of international flows focus on one-to-one partnerships with local operators for the last mile; developing the Interconnect project (a global e-commerce distribution network based on a partnership of international postal operators including CTT); revamping the current outbound portfolio focusing on exporting SME; and optimisation of customs clearance.
  • iv. exploration of opportunities in market niches with potential for synergy with CTT's operations, particularly logistics and cargo – completion of the acquisition of Transporta and its integration into CTT, etc.
  • v. developing specialist segments and business solutions (e.g. launch of the CTT Ads platform).

2. Continue Banco CTT's path towards breakeven

  • i. expansion of Banco CTT's footprint by attracting new customers and accounts and capturing deposits, maintaining a strategy of simplicity and transparency.
  • ii. accelerating the origination of a loan book entering the mortgage loans market with its own product launched in 2017, and solutions in partnership such as consumer credit and car loans.

  • iii. extending the portfolio of products and cross-selling, specifically insurance and transfers – e.g. the launch in 2017 of a health insurance product in partnership with Multicare.

  • iv. integration of Payshop and development of payment services migration of Payshop to Banco CTT and continuing the implementation of the Operational Transformation Plan for of the company (e.g. launch of a new site, provision of a new physical and virtual pre-payment service in Payshop agencies for purchases on the internet such as games and contents), developing the "virtual agent" project to provide information on recurrent expenditure through a web and mobile phone app, allowing users to make payments, etc..
  • v. developing digital channels, easy-to-use, convenient and secure solutions (e.g. creation of the Casa BCTT app to allow step-by-step monitoring, a messaging service with the Bank to obtain information on the mortgage credit process and upload lacking documents, etc.).

3. Stimulate sales and increase profitability:

  • i. strengthening the sales organisation reorganisation of sales teams for contract business, separating the sales forces (mail versus other businesses), redefinition of account planning methods and creation of new mechanisms to identify sales leads and increase cross-selling, review of the pricing model and margin/profitability optimisation policies and creation of a Sales Planning and Control department.
  • ii. protecting the Mail value through a active regulatory management.
    1. Upgrade technology and the data-management platform, enabling the Company to develop innovative, value-added offers, guarantee the quality of service and a continuous improvement in customer experience, guarantee efficiency and resource optimisation and strengthen the decision-making process by improving management information:
  • i. strategic IT project examples of measures implemented in 2017: all postmen were provided with mobile devices allowing processes such as paperless confirmation of registered mail and parcel delivery, and new apps (e.g. CTT App and ViaCTT App), implementation of a new sales and customer support system (CRM – Customer Relationship Management), carrying out pilot projects for process automation in support areas using Robotic Process Automation (RPA) technology, integration of Transporta's IT with CTT's IT and modernisation of management information.
  • ii. infrastructure renewal plan (new technological architecture, consolidation of servers, storage and back-office infrastructure, data security).

2. BUSINESSES

2.1. Economic, sectoral and regulatory environment

2.1.1. Economic environment

International

The IMF's forecasts for the world economy point to an acceleration of growth in 2017 (3.7%, as compared to 3.2% in 2016). This evolution resulted from the combined effect of acceleration of growth in both advanced economies (2.3% in 2017, in comparison to 1.7% in 2016) and in emerging and developing market economies (4.7% in 2017, 4.4% in 2016).

Growth in the USA was 2.3% in 2017, mainly due to the improvement of private investment and the recovery of exports. Economic growth in the United Kingdom decelerated (1.7% in 2017, compared with 1.9% in 2016) due to the slowdown in household expenditure. Emerging market economies accelerated, having continued to benefit from accommodating financial conditions and, in the case of commodity exporting economies, from the increase in commodity prices at the end of 2016. Although China grew 6.8%, the pace of credit growth in this country raises some concerns regarding medium-term financial stability. In the Euro area, GDP accelerated to 2.4%, due to the pick up in exports, reflecting strong external demand as a result of the recovery of the world economy. Investment may have been more subdued, in spite of financing conditions having remained favourable and the continued accommodative stance of the ECB's monetary policy. Private consumption maintained moderate growth, benefiting from the improvement in labour market conditions and the progress made in terms of reducing household indebtedness. Among the larger Euro area economies, Spain posted the strongest growth in 2017, at 3.1%, followed by Germany (2.5%), France (1.8%) and Italy (1.6%).

World trade saw robust growth in 2017, 4.7% compared to 2.5% in 2016. In 2017, the external demand for Portuguese goods and services accelerated considerably, registering an estimated growth of 4.8% (2.0% in 2016). The main driver of this acceleration was the higher growth in demand from the business partners of the Euro area and the USA.

In a context of contained inflationary pressure and low capacity utilisation rates in most advanced economies, monetary policy in 2017 was expansionary, particularly in the Euro area, Japan and the United Kingdom. In the US, on the contrary, following the start of monetary policy normalisation at the end of 2015, the Federal Reserve decided to raise the federal funds rate three times in 2017, more specifically in March, June and December. The ECB's Governing Council decided to extend until the end of the year its asset purchase programme launched in recent years and maintained its key interest rates unchanged at historically low levels.

Short-term interest rates in the Euro area continued decreasing to historically low levels during 2017, with the 3-month Euribor standing, on average, at -0.33% in 2017 (-0.26% in 2016). In 2017 there was an appreciation of the effective exchange rate of the Euro.

In annual average terms, the price of oil increased by more than 20% in 2017 relative to the previous year, interrupting the downward trend observed in the 2013-2016 period.

Looking ahead, the ECB expects the growth of world economic activity to remain generally stable. The prospects for the advanced economies point to a sustained expansion, with a slight slowdown over the next few years. In emerging economies, the prospects are becoming more buoyant,

underpinned by a slow strengthening of activity in commodity exporting countries, namely Brazil and Russia, and by resilient growth in India and China, although a slower growth trend is expected in the latter country. According to forecasts, the growth of world economic activity (excluding the Euro area) will be between 3.7% and 3.9%, over the time horizon to 2020.

National

According to the Preliminary 2017 National Quarterly and Annual Accounts of INE (National Statistics Institute), GDP grew by 2.7% in 2017 (1.6% in 2016). The contribution of domestic demand to the rate of change of GDP increased by 2.9 p.p. (1.6 p.p. in 2016), mainly reflecting the 8.4% acceleration in investment (0.8% in 2016) while private consumption increased slightly from 2.1% to 2.2%. The increased investment reflects mainly the 9.0% acceleration of Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) (1.5% in 2016), as the under construction GFCF was the component that contributed mostly to the developments in total GFCF with a 9.2% increase (after a reduction of 0.3% in 2016). Net external demand went from a zero contribution in 2016 to -0.2 p.p. in 2017, as both the exports and the imports of goods and services accelerated by 7.9% (4.4% and 4.2% in 2016, respectively). In nominal terms, the External Balance of Goods and Services represented 1.0% of GDP (1.1% in 2016), and there was a slight deterioration in the terms of trade.

Inflation, measured by the Harmonised Consumer Price Index (HCPI), increased significantly in 2017 to 1.6%, following an increase of 0.6% in 2016. Both the energy and non-energy component (with emphasis on the significant increase in the prices of services in tourism-related activities) contributed to the acceleration of prices in 2017.

In 2017, the labour market situation improved, with a rise in total employment of 3.3% (1.6% in 2016), higher than the growth in GDP, and a decrease in the unemployment rate to 8.9% (11.1% in the previous year).

In June 2017, the Council of the European Union decided, by recommendation of the European Commission, on the closure of the excessive deficit procedure to which Portugal had been subject since 2009. Following this decision, the Portuguese budgetary situation began to be analysed according to the rules of the preventive arm of the Stability and Growth Pact. For 2017, the general government deficit should be -1.4% of GDP, 0.1 p.p. of GDP below the target set by the 2017-2021 Stability Programme and 0.2 p.p. of GDP below the State Budget for 2017. This reduction resulted, on the one hand, from the increase in revenues, with emphasis on the increase in revenues from taxes on production and imports, in particular value added tax, and from social contributions, and on the other hand from the decrease in expenditure, namely the decrease in expenditure on social benefits (arising from the decrease in the unemployment rate) and on interest payments on the public debt.

2.1.2. Sectoral framework

2.1.2.1. Postal Sector

As in previous years, the paradigm of the transformation of the postal sector continues to be evident. Thus, the drive towards efficiency and business diversification remains the strategic focus of postal operators. The weight of the postal business is decreasing, accounting for less than 40% of the sector's revenues, while Parcels & Logistics and Financial Services are emerging as the main levers of growth in the sector.

Mail

With regard to Mail, there is a strong pressure on volumes, a trend that is observed in most postal operators and, consequently, is reflected in the decrease in revenues associated with the mail business. The following graph shows the relationship between volumes growth and revenue growth for a number of European postal operators in a sectoral trend analysis in 2014-2016 (2017 data for all operators not yet available).

26

The reality of the domestic market is similar to that of the international markets and there is a historical downward trend in all mail segments due to the digitalisation and, consequently, the substitution of mail by other means of communication. As can be seen in the graph below, which represents the evolution of mail volumes in Portugal, the decline was sharper in the editorial mail. In addition, in recent quarters there has been an acceleration of the decrease in addressed mail.

In response to the abrupt decline in volumes, postal operators have been focusing, among other initiatives, on changing their pricing strategies, and in recent years mail prices have been growing by between 6 and 8%. In Portugal there has also been an increase in prices, but CTT continues to be one of the incumbents with the lowest prices, as can be seen in the graph below, which compares the average prices per letter adjusted for purchasing power.

In addition, the competitive pressure in the postal sector resulting from the liberalisation of the postal markets reinforces the challenges for incumbent operators which, once subject to the obligations of their contracts, have greater difficulties in remaining competitive and maintaining their market shares. As can be seen in the table below, presenting the market share of the incumbent operators before and after the liberalisation of the postal market.

Express & Parcels

The Express & Parcels market has been countering the mail business landscape, both in the domestic market and in international markets, continuing to show signs of strong potential growth.

In 2016, Express & Parcels volumes grew about 8%, mostly driven by the volume of domestic B2C parcels. Until 2020, the growth in revenues of this market is expected to reach about 37% (with reference to the global Express & Parcels market in the "Global Postal Industry Report 2017" of IPC).

At a national level, there has also been a strong evolution in parcels volumes in the last few years. However, it is important to note that the growth of the parcels volumes when compared to international markets has been more moderate, since a large part of the market still refers to B2B parcels, little influenced by the growth of e-commerce, which in turn is the strong growth driver of this business.

In Portugal, the presence of companies on the internet is still incipient (40% have an online presence) and only 27% of these companies sell on this channel (Source: ACEPI / IDC "Annual Study of the Economy and Digital Society in Portugal", October 2017).

Notwithstanding, the weight of B2C parcels in the domestic market has been increasing, driven mainly by e-commerce. It is believed that the future is promising in terms of the Iberian market, since the degree of penetration of e-commerce is behind that of other markets, as can be seen in the graph below.

There are already signs of this evolution. Specifically in Portugal, an increasing number of Portuguese have access to the internet. This group is expected to represent more than 90% of the population in 2025. The number of Portuguese that buy online has increased significantly, with more than half of the population being expected to do so in 2025, and the volume spent on purchases increased about 170% from 2009 to 2017, being expected to double by 2025.

It is important to mention that 85% of the Portuguese that buy online have already made crossborder purchases and that 50% of the online purchases made by the Portuguese are made outside the country.

With regards to Spain, the market has grown significantly over the past few years, with the number of items sent having increased more than 50% between 2013 and 2016 (CAGR 2013-2016 of 16%). On the other hand, and in the same period, there has been an annual increase of 5% in operators' turnover, clearly showing the strong pressure that prices have been under (Source: Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia, "Análisis del sector postal y del sector de la mensajería y la paquetería").

Regarding e-commerce, signs of a strong evolution are also evident in Spain. The number of transactions doubled between 2013 and 2016, with an annual growth of 28% (CAGR 2013-2016). In the first half of 2017, the trend continued, with a year-on-year increase of 29%. As a result, the weight of e-commerce in retail sales has been increasing and it is expected to reach 6.5% in 2018.

In addition, the number of people that make online purchases has also been increasing, as well as the number of online purchases resulting in parcels.

2.1.2.2. Financial sector

Financial Markets

In light of the favourable macroeconomic environment, financial market sentiment remained strong in advanced economies, with gains in stock markets and a further reduction in price volatility. The European Central Bank (ECB) estimates that short-term interest rates, based on the 3-month EURIBOR, are expected to remain at around -0.3% in 2017 and 2018, -0.1% in 2019 and 0.1% in 2020. Market expectations regarding nominal yields on 10-year public debt bonds in the Euro area point to around 1.1% in 2017 and 2018, 1.4% in 2019 and 1.7% in 2020.

Source: Bank of Portugal, Statistical Bulletin – January 2018.

Currently, the reference interbank interest rate levels continue to reflect the stable nature of monetary policy, namely with respect to the ECB's asset purchase programme. Interest rates have remained unchanged since March 2016, with the interest rate in the deposit facility at -0.40%7 , the rate for the main refinancing operations at 0.00%7 and the marginal lending rate at 0.25%7 .

In 2018, financial market confidence sentiment is expected to remain anchored by prudent and conservative economic and monetary policies on both sides of the Atlantic. Two major risks will, however, remain: on the positive side, the advancement of the fiscal stimulus plan in the USA and, on the negative side, the advancement and consequences of the Brexit process.

Banking System

In a favourable context, both in terms of the macroeconomic conditions in Portugal, and the conditions in international financial markets, 2017 was a positive year for the Portuguese banking system, to the extent that it managed to reinforce its capability to perform its financial intermediation function on a regular basis. There was a significant reduction in non-performing loans (NPL), in nominal value and in percentage of loans, and a recovery of profitability, in spite of being affected in the short-term by operational adjustment processes of some institutions, with respect to staff costs. It is also important to mention the capacity for reinforcement of the prudential capital ratios.

Following processes involving the reduction of international activity and the capitalisation of some institutions, the asset reduction trend was maintained. In comparison with the first half of 2010, when they reached their maximum value, assets fell about 27.3%8 in the first half of 2017. In general, there was a reduction of the customer loan book (-1.4%8 in the first half) and an increase in the debt security portfolio (+1.5%8 in the first half), mainly of securities from sovereign debt issuers, with emphasis on Portuguese public debt securities. However, there was recently a trend towards an increase of the weight of Spanish and Italian public debt securities in the portfolio.

7 Bank of Portugal, Portuguese Banking System. Recent Developments – 3rd quarter 2017.

8 Bank of Portugal – Financial Stability Report – December 2017.

There was an increase in the importance of customers' deposits and a decrease in the weight of liabilities represented by securities in the financing of assets. The evolution of household deposits must be associated to the low interest rate context in new deposit operations, encouraging the channelling of resources to alternative, real and financial investments. The savings products issued by the State, offering higher rates of return than those of deposits, are noteworthy. The transformation ratio, defined by the quotient between loans (net of impairments) and customer deposits, fell 1.9 p.p. 9 in the first half of 2017 relative to the end of 2016, to stand at 93.6%9 . Relative to June 2010, the ratio fell about 65 p.p.9 . Financing from central banks increased 3%9 in the first half of 2017, being mainly associated to long-term refinancing operations (LTRO). The financing from the interbank market (net of investments and claims on other credit institutions), on the other hand, fell 3.7%9 in the first half of 2017.

In terms of liquidity, levels remain comfortable and exceed regulatory requirements. At the end of the first half of 2017, the liquidity cover ratio (LCR) of the banking system stood at 185%, which translates into an increase of 31 p.p.9 relative to the end of 2016. This essentially reflects the increase of the liquidity buffer and the slight decrease in net outflows. The liquidity buffer is mostly composed of public debt securities, claims on central banks and cash. The ratio observed for the banking system exceeds the minimum requirement of 100% applicable from 1 January 2018.

With regards to the profitability of the Portuguese banking system, results were once again positive in the first half of 2017, essentially due to a reduction of costs with impairments and provisions, particularly credit impairments, and to a stabilisation of the net interest income, which along with an asset reduction improvement trend contributed to the improvement of the return on assets (ROA). In a context of stabilisation of staff costs and amortisation, operating costs maintained a downward trend, with a decrease in general administrative costs (represents about 35%9 of total operating costs) and a stabilisation of staff costs (represents about 58%9 of total operating costs) influenced by non-recurring costs associated to restructuring processes in some institutions. In the first half of 2017, the level of operating efficiency of the Portuguese banking system improved relative to the same period of the previous year, which translated into a decrease of 1.49 p.p.of the cost-to-income ratio, to 60.5%9 .

The reduction of the loan book affected the generation of interest in operations with customers. In addition, there was a decline in the interest rate implicit in loans. On the other hand, there was a reduction in interest costs, resulting from the lower cost incurred with customer deposits, of the retail customer segment in particular, as well as a decrease in the payment of interest associated with securities issued by institutions. The spread in operations with customers, in domestic activity, increased slightly, resulting from a reduction in the average cost of deposits larger than the decrease in the interest rate implicit in the resident non-financial private sector's loan outstanding amounts.

Solvency levels maintained their reinforcement trend in the first half of 2017, with the own funds Common Equity Tier 1 (CET 1) ratio of the Portuguese banking sector standing at 13.2%, considering the transitional provisions laid down in Regulation No. 575/2013 of the European Union (Capital Requirement Regulation – CRR). The expected entry into force of a minimum requirement of 3% expect to occur during 2018, under Basel III, is likely to be met by Portuguese institutions, since the leverage ratio is well above this minimum value, even considering a more demanding capital Tier 1 definition (fully phased-in).

9 Bank of Portugal – Financial Stability Report – December 2017.

2.1.3. Regulatory Framework

2.1.3.1. Postal Sector

At the level of the European Union

The European Commission (EC) supported that the cross-border parcel delivery services are an essential element to enhance e-commerce across the entire EU. Within the scope of a package of measures to be developed to improve consumer and corporate access to digital goods and services, presented in 2016 by the EC on 20 December 2017, the European Council approved an agreement on the new rules relative to the cross-border parcel delivery services, aimed at increasing the transparency of prices and the regulatory supervision of these services. The agreement entails the publication by the European Commission, on a specific website for the purpose, of the public tariffs of the cross-border delivery service providers and grants the regulator more powers to monitor the parcel delivery market. The agreed text shall be formally approved by the European Parliament and then by the European Council and shall enter into force 20 days after its publication in the Official Journal of the EU.

In this context, European postal operators jointly implemented the Interconnect project, which essentially entails 5 commitments: flexible delivery options, return solutions, expansion of the track and trace system, better quality of service for the customer, and harmonised labels. The goal of this project is to thereby remove obstacles that dissuade consumers from making online purchases outside their country by equipping vendors with more flexible efficient delivery solutions with a single standard for customers and, as such, maximise growth potential in cross-border electronic commerce for postal operators and contribute to the development of the Single Digital Market.

At a national level

Pursuant to the Base XV of the Concession of the Universal Postal Service, on 15 September 2017, ANACOM approved the final decision on the objectives of postal network density and minimum services offer with which CTT should comply for the three-year period 2018-2020. The defined density objectives with respect to postal establishments and other points of access to the postal network, such as letter boxes, did not alter the objectives in force in the previous regulatory period, maintaining the assurance of the existence of availability and accessibility of the Universal Service provision entrusted to CTT.

In compliance with the criteria for formation of prices for the 2015-2017 period, as established by an ANACOM resolution of 21 November 2014, ANACOM approved the Universal Service price proposal presented by CTT on 31 January 2017, as later adjusted, by a resolution of 28 March 2017. The prices inherent to this proposal, which complied with the established price formation principles and criteria, became effective on 4 April 2017.

This update corresponded to an average annual variation of 2.4% in the price of the basket of letter mail, editorial mail and parcel services, not including the universal service offer to bulk mail senders, to which special prices apply.

As regards special prices for postal services included in the Universal Service that apply to bulk mail senders, these were also updated on 4 April 2017, following the proposal submitted to the Regulator on 24 March 2017.

Under the company's tariff policy for 2017, the mentioned updates correspond to an average annual variation of 1.9% in prices, also reflecting the effect of the updating of prices for reserved services (service of legal summons and notifications by post) and for special prices for bulk mail.

As the Universal Postal Service provider and in order to provide a standardised and nondiscriminatory service to operators that wish to use the Universal Service network, as of February 2016, CTT made available to postal operators with an individual license an offer to access its network that is deemed competitive and that safeguards the network's security and the Universal Service provision efficiency. This offer consists of a basic service of collection, transport, sorting and delivery of non-priority letter mail with a maximum weight of 2kg that allows items to be sent nationally or internationally using the Business Mail counters of Lisbon, Taveiro (Coimbra) and Maia (Porto) as access points.

Further regarding access to elements of the postal infrastructure by other postal operators, access is available as of March 2016 to deliveries to P.O. Boxes through which postal operators can directly drop-off mail addressed to P.O. Boxes located in CTT post offices, and the return service of mail found in the CTT network with postage from other operators.

In terms of the quality of the Universal Postal Service, following the new Postal Law, the measurement of quality indicators through a measurement system carried out by an independent external entity was initiated as of the 4th quarter of 2016, which is operated by an international company. Following some weaknesses detected in the measurement process, this entity is implementing a number of measures to improve the operation and stability of the new quality of service measurement system.

According to the legal framework, the quality of service parameters and the performance objectives associated to the universal service provision, as well as the criteria to which the price formation must comply are set by the regulatory entity. On 11 January 2018, ANACOM approved a draft decision on the quality of service parameters applicable as of 1 July 2018 until the end of 2020. This draft decision provides for a reformulation of the quality of service indicators that CTT will have to comply with, defining, namely, a set of 24 indicators that compare with the 11 previous indicators, as well as the setting of more demanding objectives for some indicators. On the same date, ANACOM also approved a draft decision on the criteria for universal postal service price formation, for the 2018- 2020 three-year period. The new rules will be applied to the prices in force in 2019 and 2020, which must be updated according to the inflation value less 1.28 percentage points, also taking into consideration correction factors for inflation and volumes. The rules currently in force will be applied in 2018, which were defined by ANACOM in 2014. Within the scope of the public consultation which these draft decisions were submitted to, CTT is analysing their impact, taking into account the evolution of the decline in mail volumes and the changing needs of consumers, due to the new reality brought about by new information and communication technologies, and the future sustainability of the Universal Postal Service.

2.1.3.2. Financial Sector

New requirements and demands, with implications at various levels, namely on the business model, have been shaping the banking reality of the last few years.

The Basel Committee for the Banking Supervision (BCBS) published new Basel III reforms (also known informally as Basel IV) which include new rules for the calculation of risk weighted assets (RWA), more risk-sensitive standardised methods and greater limitations to the use of internal models. Regarding the changes to the calculation of RWA, these shall not be permitted, when based on internal models, to stay below the minimum capital floor limit of 72.5%. In all of the types of risk

included in the designated Pillar I, the calculation of the capital requirements of all banks, regardless of their business line, size or calculation model, shall be affected. In addition, this agreement also introduced new changes to the leverage ratio, through the inclusion of an additional buffer of own funds for the designated Globally Systematically Important Banks (G-SIBS). These changes increase banks' capital requirements, in order to improve the quality and capacity to absorb losses and resist contexts of liquidity shortage. As a result, these directives will have consequences for some European banks, due to the significant increase of their RWA, placing pressure on their capital ratios.

The implementation of the new accounting standard, known as International Financial Reporting Standard 9 - IFRS 9, as of January 2018, is a new challenge for the financial sector, mainly due to the new policy of constitution of impairments, which obliges financial institutions to report loan losses earlier. Banks shall thus have to define risk segments, plan the future performance of various contracts, project cash flows and, consequently, determine the different risk parameters that, for each time frame, depend on macroeconomic scenarios and models.

In addition to these new directives, there are two more that enter into force in 2018 and that may affect the performance of financial institutions, namely of payments (PSD2) and capital markets (MiFID II). PSD 2 (Payment Services Directive 2) is a European directive of payment services, whose objective is to allow for greater transparency and innovation in payment institutions. This new regulation will have a profound impact on the banking sector at a worldwide level, permitting any entity to have access to a payment account or current account (duly authorised by its account holder), with no bank intermediation required. In relation to MiFID II (Markets in Financial Instruments Directive), its objective is to strengthen the protection of the investor and enhance the transparency and quality of the operation of financial markets and services rendered, covering all the entities that are part of the financial instruments markets. This directive reinforces the duties of the financial institutions, namely with regard to the collection of client information, marketing and monitoring of financial instruments and, in addition, the duties of recording and registering communications between the financial institutions and their clients.

2.2. Mail

2.2.1. Business

The recurring revenues10 of the Mail business unit reached €527.5m in 2017, corresponding to a 1.1% decrease relative to 2016.

The retail network is also included in this business unit that in addition to postal, retail and convenience services renders services to the other business units as a sales channel. This business unit also includes the Mail upstream and downstream corporate solutions, namely printing & finishing, mailmanager, video encoding, hybrid mail and other solutions complementary to the Mail business. The services mentioned above are provided by CTT, S.A. (parent company), CTT Contacto and Mailtec Comunicação.

Million items
9M17 9M16 4Q17 4Q16 2017 2016
Transactional Mail 476.2 504.9 -5.7% 151.0 157.9 -4.3% 627.2 662.8 -5.4%
Editorial Mail 30.7 31.9 -3.8% 10.1 11.3 -10.9% 40.8 43.3 -5.6%
Advertising Mail 49.4 54.6 -9.5% 19.2 19.6 -2.2% 68.5 74.2 -7.6%
Addressed Mail 556.3 591.4 -5.9% 180.3 188.8 -4.5% 736.6 780.2 -5.6%
Unaddressed Mail 371.9 361.4 2.9% 120.2 136.3 -11.8% 492.1 497.8 -1.1%

Mail Volumes

The decline in revenues mainly reflects the evolution of addressed mail volumes which fell 5.6% in 2017, with a slowdown in decline in the 4th quarter (-4.5%) relative to the first nine months of the year (-5.9%).

The decrease in addressed mail volumes was mainly impacted by the decline in transactional mail volumes (-5.4%), whose downward trend moderated in the 4th quarter (-4.3%). The year-on-year decline in the last quarter was lower that the declines in the 2nd quarter (-7.6%) and in the 3rd quarter (-6.9%).

The annual evolution in transactional mail volumes (-5.4%) was due, in large part, to the decline in ordinary mail (-7.2%), whose impact is relevant since it represents 78% of the transactional mail volumes. The decline in the volume of this service deepened in the banking and insurance (-10.7%) and telecommunications and utilities (-8.5%) sectors, in line with the trend observed over the last few years in the behaviour of the large customers that replace physical mail with digital communication.

Registered mail volumes contributed with an increase of 0.5% to the evolution of transactional mail volumes after having decreased 8.8% in 2016 relative to 2015. In 2017 there was an increase in registered mail volumes with origin in some contractual customers of the industry and services sectors which counterbalanced the slight decline in consumption of the State and central and local Public Administration customers

The evolution of editorial mail volumes in 2017 (-5.6%) was mainly conditioned by the marked decline in volumes in the last quarter of the year (-10.9%) with origin (i) in a significant reduction of the number of items of publications that benefit from the reading incentive scheme that cover the

10 Including internal services and intra-group transactions which are eliminated for consolidation purposes.

regional and local press and (ii) in a reduction of the items from customers of an associative nature (orders, unions and other associations).

The updating of the prices of the basket of letter mail, editorial mail and parcel services occurred as of 4 April. The average annual price change for the Universal Service in 2017 was 1.9%, contributing to mitigate in part the effect of the volume decline on revenues.

Addressed advertising mail volumes decreased by 7.6% in 2017, registering a slight recovery in the 4th quarter (-2.2%) mainly caused by the growth in this period of the volume of items in campaigns conducted by a large customer.

The less favourable performance of unaddressed advertising mail volumes in the 4th quarter of 2017 relative to the same quarter of 2016 (-11.8%) brought about a slight decline in the volume for the year (-1.1%). The focus on the diversification of the portfolio of customers, namely on small, occasional customers that grew 25% relative to the previous year, did not enable counterbalancing the decline in the volumes from large customers, namely of the large-scale distribution and retail sectors. In the 4th quarter, some large customers did not conduct final year campaigns (anticipated or postponed until 2018), others reduced the coverage of the campaigns (resulting in lower volumes), others developed "2 in 1" campaigns thus decreasing their frequency and others opted to replace physical campaigns with digital campaigns.

The CTT Ads solution, launched in the 1st quarter, did not have any visible effects in 2017 on advertising mail volumes or revenues. In the 4th quarter, there was a strong campaign to attract new customers and the launch of a new offer in the portfolio - promotional gifts - which obtained a positive acceptance from the market.

Business Solutions

CTT offers a portfolio of corporate solutions that collectively generated an income of €8.8m in 2017, developing offers that combine physical and digital communication, such as: dematerialisation, proximity and business intelligence solutions, document production (through Mailtec Comunicação, the market leader in printing and enveloping), mail and document digitalisation, geographic and georeferencing solutions, the Online Receipts solution, as well as ViaCTT, a secure e-mail with controlled access.

In 2017, within the scope of the dematerialisation, proximity and business intelligence solutions, the CTT solution for this sector was presented at the National Meeting of Water and Sanitation Management Entities (ENEG), which aims to unify and simplify in a single service all the necessary competencies surrounding the billing process (meter readings, printing & finishing of invoicing and power cut notices, collection of invoices and sorting of returned mail).

In the document production area, the trend of shifting from black to colour printing continues, with considerable growth (+30%) in both continuous printing and cut-sheet printing. In this regard, a decision was made to rent a colour-printer, with cut-sheet inkjet technology that enters into operation in the 1st quarter of 2018 and that will meet the needs of the printing & finishing market, with a specific focus on price and colour production.

In 2017, the Recibos Online (Online Invoices) – a retail electronic invoice solution – exceeded three million processed invoices with the number of users registered on the recibosonline.pt portal having doubled relative to 2016. The fact that this solution has been available since July 2017 in more than 1,900 post offices and postal agencies contributed to this growth.

In 2017, CTT was selected by one of the largest Large-scale Distribution chains operating in Portugal to implement the Recibos Online solution in its stores, with availability to the public in general planned for the start of 2018. The partnership programme continued in 2017, with a Portuguese software development company specialised in retail invoicing joining the partnership, with the objective of integrating CTT's innovative solution in the software developed, simplifying and accelerating its distribution. Finally, in the 2nd half of 2017, the project involving the renewal of the web portal of Recibos Online and the development of the mobile application for Android and iOS was initiated.

Philately

In 2017, Philately generated €8.4m in revenues, which corresponded to an increase of 11.6% relative to the previous year due to various major national and international events having been translated into philatelic products with a significant commercial appeal. This evolution is the result of: the commemoration of the "Centenary of Fátima" event with a set of two dedicated issues and the publication of a thematic book, the launch of SLB (Sport Lisboa e Benfica) products in association with the football club, and a range of products designed to celebrate the 40 years of the "Star Wars" saga .

To finish the year on a high note, CTT won three quality awards: (i) Grand Prize of the 2017 WIPA World Exhibition, for the "Canning Industry" philatelic issue, ii) 2017 APOM (Portuguese Association of Museology) Prize attributed to CTT as "Cultural Institution of the year" - "For the relentless dissemination of the national museological heritage through Philately" and iii) Nexofil Grand Prize attributed to the philatelic souvenir sheet "Marian Sanctuaries - Fátima", considered the "Best Philatelic Souvenir Sheet of 2016".

The themes covered by the commemorative issues encompass various areas of human knowledge, as shown in the list below:

Issues and Editions 2017
Issues 2017
Figures from History and Culture

António Guterres – Secretary-General of the UN

800 years of the Foundation of the Dominican Order

Centenary of the Fátima Apparitions

Remembering Mário Soares

Lions Club international - 100 Years

Portugal in WW 1914-18

Universidade Católica Portuguesa - 50 Years

150 Years of the Abolition of the Death Penalty in Portugal

The Public Security Police - 150 Years

Mafra National Palace - Tricentennial

Biblioteca Joanina, the Library of University of Coimbra –

300 Years
Postal Service in Portugal - 500 Years
Historical and
Cultural Figures
Issues 2017
Visit of His Holiness Pope Francis

Fruits of Portugal

Historic Cafés (2nd Group)

Traditional Desserts of Portugal (1st Group)

Traditional Desserts of Portugal (1st Group) - Self-Adhesive

Our Cities - Porto (2nd Group)

Rally de Portugal - 50 Years

The Portuguese Textile Industry

Start Wars - 40 Years

Start Wars Saga (Self-Adhesive)

Archbishops of Braga (1st Group)

Cascais-European Youth Capital 2018

Portugal/North - Self-Adhesive

Madeira - Self-Adhesive

Idanha and Óbidos - UNESCO Creative Cities
Themes
Portugal-India Joint Issue

Portugal-Israel Joint Issue
International
Projection
Lisboa – Iberian-American Capital of Culture

UNESCO – 2017 International Year of Sustainable Tourism

Azores - Geopark

Madeira – Madeira's Peaks

Trees of the Mediterranean

EUROPA – Castles and Fortifications
Environment and
Sustainability
Editions
Fátima - 100 Years

The Portuguese Textile Industry

Historic Cafés of Portugal

Railway, Peoples and Memoirs

My 2017 Stamp Album

Portugal in Stamps 2017

2.2.2. Retail Network

The Retail Network is the key sales channel of CTT's products and services. In an increasingly digital economy, convenience and proximity will continue to play a relevant role in consumers' choices regarding interaction channels.

Management of business in the Retail Network is based on the following fundamental vectors: (i) development of the Mail business, namely added-value mail , (ii) channel of proximity for the marketing of financial services as a pillar for developing Banco CTT in particular and for the ongoing placement of public debt with the retail market through its network and (iii) provision of convenience services to the population, services of general interest, by taking on the role of local multi-service assistance, services to citizens, pension payments and other welfare services by postal money order and parcel pick-up and drop-off in the solutions offered for e-commerce.

In 2017, the strategy of rationalisation of the offer of third-party products, the reinforcement of partnerships in strategic segments and the strengthening of CTT's positioning as the single entity for the provision of proximity services was continued. Among the various initiatives carried out, the following are noteworthy:

  • Payment of the Mobility Social Subsidy in the Autonomous Regions of the Azores and Madeira. In 2017, CTT carried out more than 276,000 reimbursement operations (+8% more than the previous year);
  • Agreement with Casa Campião for the sale of the classical lottery in all post offices which generated annual revenues of about €5m;
  • New partnership with PhoneHouse for the marketing of mobile phones and accessories in 207 post offices;
  • Launch of the Electronic Notice of PO Boxes which offers greater convenience to customers who now receive an alert by SMS and/or email whenever they receive correspondence in their PO Box, thus avoiding unnecessary travel.
  • Development of actions to lease out space as a means of generating a profit from the preexisting infrastructures and liven up post offices space, allowing partners to test new markets, promote products and/or attract new customers, taking advantage of the 'normal' attendance of the post offices.
  • Ongoing commitment to the marketing of books, as the main anchor of the retail offer in post offices, and of the meuselo and meupostal personalised products.

In 2017, the implementation of the Kaizen methodology (culture of continuous improvement and elimination of waste in the creation of value) in the Retail Network was initiated. In this context, the Kaizen Daily - daily team management method - and the Kaizen project - method of reviewing post offices procedures aimed at simplifying and eliminating waste - are being developed. Involves review of processes dealing with notified objects, cash management, inventory management and customer service.

With regards to postal agencies, optimisation measures were put into practice with a view to offering customers greater convenience and the new management model that allows advancing saleable material without prior purchase to providers whose activity is classified as Local Government (usually Parish Councils) or Support for Public Administration (RIAC) was extended to another 31 postal agencies, bringing the total to 35.

At the end of 2017, the Retail Network was made up of 2,369 contact points, with 608 own post offices, 1,761 postal agencies and 1,899 stamp sales points. The offer of services, under selfservice and in some cases available 24 hours a day, is complemented by 175 automatic stamp vending machines and 14 automatic postal product vending machines.

2.2.3. Operations

In 2017 the management of operations remained focused on the reorganisation of the operational cycle, greater synergies between (mail, express & parcels) networks and improvement of operational efficiency.

Sorting

The sorting network is composed of 3 production and logistics centres, 7 logistics and delivery centres and 1 business mail centre. The activities of the production and logistics centres are carried out by 42 automated mail sorting machines (of which 24 are Mail sequencing machines, 2 Flats sorting machines and one "Rest Mail" machine) and 54 video encoding posts.

In 2017, a daily average of 1.9 million items (ordinary letter mail) were automatically sorted by delivery routes, of which about 1.8 million (80.6% of total volumes) were automatically sequenced (door to door).

Automation of the postal service continues to register high levels of address recognition, with flat letter mail achieving correct assignment rates of 95% for 7-digit postcodes and 69% for 10-digit postcodes.

The "Rest Mail" machine sorted more than 21 million items during 2017, which represented an increase of 48% relative to the previous year.

The Mailmanager solution continues to register sustained growth, with 17 million scanned images and 9.1 million full documents, which corresponds to an increase of 70% in the number of images produced relative to the previous year.

It is important to note the implementation of the NARPEL (New Architecture for the Production and Logistics Network) project, which involved operational changes: (i) in the mail and EMS routeing model, (ii) in the operational video encoding model, in the reinforcement of the activity of the North and the South sorting centres (through the transfer of 4 equipment which were installed in Pinheiro de Fora), (iii) a new sorting model, (iv) new layouts in the sorting centres and the creation of a new sorting and delivery office in Mirandela (which was added to the other 5 on the Mainland and Islands).

Regarding the GEO10 project, it is important to mention the addressing information, either by introducing the toponymy approved by the local government, or by integration of the data collected by CTT, totalling 4,785 million doors with identification and enabling a coverage of 98% of the Portuguese population and of 98% of the entire territory.

In terms of customs-related activities, which registered a significant growth as the Presentation-to-Customs Fee generated revenues of €2.2m, it is important to note the cooperation with the Brazilian postal operator in the exchange of electronic messages at customs clearance and the start of the dematerialisation of customs clearance notices sent electronically. Arising from the new rules imposed by the legal system of the Customs Code, on 19 June CTT became responsible for the process of preparing the Customs Declarations of Postal Consignment (DARP), with an impact on the operation of the Airmail Unit (EPA) and on the International Production Line (LPI) with the adequacy of the physical and human means allocated to this activity.

Transport

The transport network operates with 244 vehicles, which travel approximately 45.5 thousand km/day. In 2017, the national transport network covered a total of nearly 11 million km, thanks to ever more efficient vehicles acquired under the fleet renovation that has been carried out over the last few years.

Within the scope of the NARPEL project previously mentioned, operational efficiency gains were obtained from the logistics network with important contributions to the reduction of the kilometres covered and to the cost reduction in this transport activity. It is important to mention that this project won the 2017 logistics excellence award in Portugal attributed by the Portuguese Association of Logistics.

Regarding air and sea transport, the plane/cargo ship operation of the MAIS (Madeira Air Integrated Solutions) Group was begun, as an alternative solution to air freight by TAP, with gains in the optimisation and management of the operation and in the quality of service for the destination Madeira, increase in transport capacity and gains.

The Road Safety Programme was developed with regular monitoring of road accidents, the holding of practical training actions involving defensive training and the module on sustainability and energy efficiency. It is important to mention the attribution by the European Union of the "Excellence in Road Safety Award" to CTT for the current Road Safety Programme.

Delivery

The delivery network is made-up of 235 postal delivery offices (PDOs), including 60 delivery support offices (DSO) and 2 delivery support services (one in Lisbon and another in Coimbra), organised into 4,702 delivery routes, which cover around 244 thousand km/day.

In this area, it is important to mention the continuous reorganisation and optimisation of PDOs with the implementation of new and more efficient organisations. During 2017, 114 interventions took place in PDOs representing 37.3% of total volumes. Besides, 13 operating premises (DSO/PDO) were centralised, thereby contributing to a greater streamlining of production infrastructures in the distribution network.

The implementation of the MOGU (Motorisation of Urban Delivery Routes on Foot) project will contribute to the reduction of down time during delivery, where there are increasingly fewer items per point and also to better address the rise in volumes in the mail distribution network. It was implemented, in a first phase, in 4 PDOs in Lisbon and Oporto, and will be extended to other PDOs during 2018.

The project involving the dematerialisation of the delivery lists of items with track & trace (EMS and registered letters), by tracking their delivery through the use of PDAs (Personal Digital Assistants) was completed in November. These are now available on all delivery routes.

The availability of point-of-sale terminals in PDOs was also extended, reaching a total of 144 PDOs that use them, which provides customers with greater convenience for making payments.

As a result of the initiatives undertaken over the last few years aimed at maximising the capacity of the mail distribution network for the delivery of EMS, it is important to mention that in 2017 about 74% of all EMS volumes was delivered by the mail distribution network, as in 2016.

The Electric Vehicle for Urban Delivery (VEDUR) project was launched in July, representing a commitment to vehicles adapted to the new challenges of postal delivery. A pilot with an innovative electric tricycle was conducted in partnership with the Portuguese start-up UOU mobility, to replace postmen's delivery routes currently performed on scooters or on foot. The pilot, undertaken in PDO Aveiro, will allow the extension of this initiative and offer new equipment for use on an additional number of delivery routes. The advantages are indisputable, such as the ability for customisation with a local partner, the improved load capacity needed to cope with the growth of e-commerce and the enhancement of sustainable mobility with electric vehicles.

2.3. Express & Parcels

The recurring revenues11 of this business unit reached €134.6m in 2017, an increase of 11.4% relative to the previous year. This business unit encompasses the activities of CTT Expresso and Transporta in Portugal, Tourline Express in Spain and CORRE in Mozambique.

Portugal

The revenues of this business in Portugal12 grew 7.7% to stand at €81.8m, which includes €8.9m from Transporta (€7.8m of cargo, €1.0m of logistics and €0.1m in other income). The revenues in Portugal excluding Transporta and Altice remained practically unchanged relative to the previous year (+0.1%). This evolution resulted, on the one hand, from an increase of 3.3% in the CEP (Courier, Express & Parcels) business and, on the other hand, from a sharp decline in the banking business (-20.7%) which currently has a small weight (about 6.3%) in the global revenues of this business area in Portugal. It should be mentioned, however, that in the 4th quarter of 2017, the decline in the banking business abated due to the recovery of two of the largest customers which will allow in the near future to offset the effect of the reduction of the number of branches of the main banks on the revenues of this business.

The contribution of small businesses, mainly through the use of the remote sales channel (telemarketing, digital), was relevant for the evolution of revenues in 2017. Small businesses already represent about 10% of the revenues of the CEP business, and grew 17% relative to the previous year. The Retail Network and the postal agencies also made a significant contribution towards this performance, with an annual growth of 4% due to the increased efficiency in cross-selling and up-selling for the range of Express products. It is also important to note that in 2017 multi-annual contracts were renewed for periods between 2 and 3 years, representing approximately 10% of invoicing.

Volumes in Portugal reached a total of 17.7 million items in 2017, having grown 21.5% relative to 2016 (7.4%, excluding about 2.0 million items of Transporta). The performance of CTT Expresso resulted from the B2C segment due to the growth of activity of the main e-commerce customers, with emphasis on fashion and accessories, and from the B2B segment due to the acquisition of new customers in the retail sector and in the sector of logistics operators.

The CTT e-segue offer, launched in November 2016, gave the market convenience, flexibility and predictability based on fast information suited to the participants therein (mainly the recipient) and the possibility of interacting by changing delivery conditions (address, date and time slot). This offer, geared towards the e-commerce segment, by increasing the value proposal and the range of services directed at the e-buyer and by also focusing on the SME segment that is growing due to the positive evolution of the economy, will limit the effect of the average price reduction per item (growth of the number of small-sized items and competitive pressure in the key accounts segment).

The functionalities of the CTT e-segue were reinforced with the launch in October 2017 of the CTT e-segue App (available for Android and iOS), together with the introduction of new features (Live Tracking and multi-item dispatches).

11 Including internal services and intra-group transactions which are eliminated for consolidation purposes.

12 Including revenues from intra-group transactions with companies of other business units and Other operating income of Portugal, Spain and Mozambique.

It is important to highlight that in a survey of B2C customers (Source: Study on the CEP market in Portugal conducted by the Institute of Marketing Research (IMR), September 2017), 80 to 90% of the respondents, when questioned about which functionalities they considered "very relevant", replied that they were: delivery attempts, time windows of collection and delivery, notifications, changes of the delivery data and returns – which coincide with the main functionalities of the CTT e-segue service.

E-commerce is a fundamental driver for the growth of the parcels business. Its activity in CTT, in terms of delivered volumes (last mile) in Portugal, increased more than 30% in 2017.

The following initiatives are noteworthy:

  • continuation of contacts with potential international partners in order to develop the ecommerce business in the cross-border component, with emphasis on the partnerships with SingPost E-Commerce (SPEC), One World Express (OWE), E-Total / OTEL and Correios do Brasil.
  • launch in December and in partnership with the OLX Portal of a new solution that includes the dispatch, via Click & Ship, of the CTT e-Segue offer, with other payment/collection, return and verification services.
  • establishment of as partnership with Phone House, allowing the extension of the network of CTT delivery points to an additional 100 post offices, providing greater accessibility and convenience to online buyers to collect their parcels.
  • establishment of commercial partnerships with two national e-commerce platforms, aimed at offering their customers with online stores on these platforms automatic integration with CTT's shipping and delivery systems of their parcels.
  • launch in November of a pilot of automated lockers for parcel delivery Parcel Lockers, in the city of Lisbon, available in 5 locations of major circulation of people, constituting an improvement in the convenience of the CTT e-Segue offer.
  • launch in December of a pilot, still in a "controlled environment", regarding a dynamic delivery solution based on a mobile application and in an urban context, in Lisbon, aimed at meeting the quick delivery needs of e-commerce – Same Day & Instant Delivery. The actual pilot in the market will take place at the start of 2018.
  • holding of the 2nd "e-Commerce Day" of CTT in November, based on a conference on ecommerce development opportunities and prospects in Portugal, bringing together relevant partners and customers of CTT. It also involved the public launch of various innovative initiatives and solutions of CTT and the publication of the "CTT e-Commerce Report" on the e-commerce market in Portugal.
  • development and implementation of the various scheduled activities within the scope of the Interconnect programme, namely the holding of pilot tests with Standard Packets and Premium objects (in outbound and inbound terms) and the entry into production of Premium objects (inbound), aimed at the creation of a postal network involving more than 30 postal operators with an integrated offer of cross-border e-commerce services.

On 4 May 2017, CTT's acquisition of the total share capital of "Transporta – Transportes Porta a Porta S.A." was completed.

This acquisition falls under the expansion and diversification strategy, aimed at capturing growth opportunities in adjacent markets with business synergies with the CEP market. On the one hand, the fact that Transporta offers integrated logistics solutions and operates in the goods distribution and transport market in Portugal, allows CTT to expand and reinforce its presence in these markets. On the other hand, by focusing its operations on the >30kg cargo distribution and transport market, it allows CTT to widen its range of services provided and offer even more integrated solutions to its customers.

The process of integration of Transporta into CTT has been ongoing since May, aimed at recovering the sustainability of the company and improving its productive and operational efficiency. The aim is to capture synergies of various kinds: synergies in the migration of items between networks (moving items from the Transporta network to the CTT network and vice-versa according to the degree of competitiveness of each network in the various types of volumes), infrastructure and fleet synergies, as well as optimisations in network costs, human resources and other costs.

Spain

In Spain, the revenues of the business stood at €51.2m, +18.2% than in the previous year, which corresponds to an average price decrease of 5.8%. This decrease results from both the growth of the number of customers with lower prices (of a major customer in particular) and the change of the profile of items with the growth of e-commerce. Volumes increased 26.1%, resulting in 2017 becoming the year with the highest number of items in the history of Tourline.

The strategy outlined for the recovery of Tourline is based on two key principles: (i) growth of volumes, enabling the dilution of the fixed cost structure, and (ii) growth of the number of franchised post offices which allows, on the one hand, greater independence relative to large customers (usually with aggressive prices) and, on the other hand, reduce delivery costs when transferring own delivery to delivery by franchisees.

To this end, operational changes were made (profile of items, cut times and use of logistic platforms) providing capacity for greater growth in volumes, using current installed capacity.

For Tourline, the year of 2017 was marked by a strong and progressively higher growth of items at controlled costs, which allowed benefiting from economies of scale to reach the fourth quarter with a positive EBITDA, for the first time since the second quarter of 2013.

Mozambique

The year of 2017 was characterised by the political difficulties in the country and by the situation of armed conflict in the north central region which, although the situation is calmer, has not yet reached lasting peace. It is also important to note the slowdown in the inflation rate and the appreciation of the local currency versus the Euro/US Dollar which resulted in the closure of many companies operating in the Mozambican market.

CORRE increased its revenues and consolidated its position as the largest Mozambican logistics operator operating in the services sector. In order to address the lack of budget allocation for the various State sectors, CORRE intensified its collection model and restricted the application of credit concession policies.

The growth of revenues of the business in local currency (Metical) relative to 2016 reached 7.0%, +7.3 million Meticals due to the evolution of the banking business (+5.1 million Meticals; +8.8%). Revenues (excluding internal customers of the Group) in Euros reached €1.6m and grew 4.4% year-on-year, due to the unfavourable impact of the exchange rate.

2.4. Financial Services

In 2017, this business unit included all CTT, S.A.'s financial services that are focused on retail, as well as payment activities, directed at the business segment. They are provided through the Retail Network and the Payshop business with its vast network of agents. Revenues13 of this business unit reached €61.8m in 2017, -12.7% than in 2016. The decrease of €9.0m is mainly due to the recognition of €3.2m in 2016 relative to the memorandum of understanding concluded with Altice in 2015 and to the decrease in revenues from payment services, and insurance services and PPRs (Retirement Savings Plan) of €2.4m and €1.5m, respectively.

The last quarter of 2017 was marked at the end of October by the change in the savings area, of the Public Debt products of the responsibility of the Agência de Gestão da Tesouraria e da Dívida Pública - IGCP, E.P.E. (Portuguese Treasury and Debt Management Agency), with the Treasury Certificates Poupança Mais (CTPM) having been substituted by the new Treasury Certificates Poupança Crescimento (CTPC), reflecting the improvement of the Portuguese Public Debt rating. The placement of the new CTPC remained at levels below the previous CTPM, although the aggregate volume placed in the year could grow, increasing by €483m relative to the previous year, since the public debt products marketed by CTT maintained the interest rate advantage relative to most bank deposits whose average return stood at historically low levels, below 0.3%.

Therefore, in 2017, revenues for the savings segment essentially originated from the placement of Public Debt Certificates.

Public Debt Placement – 2017 (€million)

Postal money orders and transfers of funds, which represent about 15% of the total revenues of this business area, registered a decrease of 6.3% in revenues mainly due to the decrease in national money orders (-7.4%), namely those destined for payment of social benefits that have gradually been replaced by other forms of payment.

In the management of the payments business, the following is noteworthy in 2017:

The "virtual agent" project which, after signing the contract with the Portuguese startup OneBiller in the first half of the year, is under development. This project will materialise into an innovative application, with the ambition to bring the Portuguese ever closer to CTT's

13 Including internal services and intra-group transactions which are eliminated for consolidation purposes.

unique payment brand. It will be a web and mobile application that aims to consolidate and provide information on recurrent expenditure, helping users to manage all the costs and make all the payments at the distance of a click.

  • the launch of a new service of physical and virtual pre-payments for Internet purchases, an easy, quick and safe alternative to acquire games and other contents of internationally renowned brands, such as Sony PlayStation, Sony Plus, Nintendo and X-box. In the last quarter, PayShop sponsored the largest national gaming event, "Lisboa Games Week", with the objective of intensifying the association of these high notoriety brands to Payshop agents.
  • the extension of the PuDO Pick-up & Drop Off service, within the scope of the partnership between Payshop and Expresso of delivery and collection of express parcels at Payshop agents. This service is implemented at a total of 100 agents and during the year a total of 1,784 pick-ups were conducted.
  • the new mobility solutions whose objective is to increase the number of customers using the Public Transport ticketing system and provide solutions associated to parking, to companies whose activity consists of the management and operation of concessions related to parking spaces on the road and in underground and surface parking lots. In 2017, there were two companies subscribing to the parking solutions, ESSE and EPORTO, and Transportes Intermodais do Porto (TIP) confirmed the reinforcement of the ticketing solutions of Payshop.
  • the launch of the new Payshop website, more dynamic, effective and useful for stakeholders, whether they are final customers, Payshop agents or current or potential customers/suppliers.

In 2017, 54 million transactions relative to payment services were carried out, corresponding to revenues of €21.1m. It is important to mention the increase in the number of transactions, relative to 2016, of the following products: +29% in integrated solutions (on-site payments integrated with MB or direct debit) and +6% in Internet Related services (online Payshop references and pre-paid cards).

At the end of the year, the 50 best agents of the Payshop network were distinguished. The number of agents reached 4,394 in 2017.

2.5. Banco CTT

The revenues14 of this business unit reached €7.6m in 2017 (about €1.0m in 2016). At the end of 2017, Banco CTT reached a new historical mark, its first complete year of activity, totalling more than 20 months since its opening to the public in March 2016. It is present all over the country in 208 post offices and has the trust of about 285 thousand customers, through the opening of more than 226 thousand current accounts.

The focus on simplifying the everyday life of the Portuguese and the diversification of the offer in 2017, namely with the launch of Mortgage Loans, has allowed Banco CTT to reinforce the relationship of trust and proximity with its customers. This is confirmed by the continuous growth of banking activity, with emphasis on the capture of deposits worth more than €619m, of which about €409m correspond to current accounts, the success of the offer of Banco CTT Credit Cards, with more than 49 thousand cards issued, and the intermediation of Consumer Credit and Car Loans in partnership with Cetelem, available both at post offices and on the Bank's website, whose amount of loans granted exceeded €36m in 2017.

14 Including internal services and intra-group transactions which are eliminated for consolidation purposes.

In the 4th quarter of 2017, Banco CTT continued to reinforce its commitment to Mortgage Loans, having launched a new advertising campaign which ended on 26 November, and was present on various media, namely television, radio, outdoor, online and in-store communication, with the motto "Mortgage Loans as simple as it gets". The campaign emphasised the low spread, the simplicity of the conditions of access and the transparency of costs without needing to subscribe additional products. At the end of 2017, the amount of credit granted to customers came to about €79m, of which €66.1m refer to mortgage loans.

Banco CTT intends to provide its customers with accessible, convenient, reliable and innovative services. The objective for 2018 is to thus continue the strategy of simplicity, transparency and competitiveness for all its offer, in order to grow in terms of customers, resources and credit granted, solidifying its presence and enhancing its growth in the Portuguese banking sector.

On 4 January 2018, Banco CTT's share capital was increased from €125.0m to €131.4m, fully paidup by means of the transfer of all the shares representing the share capital of Payshop in the amount of €6.4m from CTT to Banco CTT.

3. ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL REVIEW AND CTT SHARE PERFORMANCE

3.1. Economic and financial review

This section summarises the consolidated results achieved by CTT and the consolidated assets, liabilities and financial position of the company as at 31 December 2017. It should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes, which have more detailed information. The present review includes the consolidation of the activities of the parent company and its subsidiaries as included in note 8 of the consolidated financial statements. In addition, a review is carried out by CTT without consolidating Banco CTT, which is treated as a financial investment to facilitate the analysis of the impact of Banco CTT on the CTT accounts. This also allows CTT to have an overview of the Balance Sheet excluding financial assets, which besides being specific are autonomous and segregated assets.

It is important to highlight the following relevant facts occurred during 2017 for a better understanding of the company accounts:

  • Banco CTT opened up to the public on 18 March 2016, currently having 208 branches in CTT post offices. Since the opening over 226 thousand current accounts were opened, with approximately 285 thousand clients, having been captured over €619.2m in deposits. Credit to bank clients amounted to a total of €79.3m as at 31 December 2017. The share capital is €125m.
  • In May 2017 CTT acquired the total share capital of "Transporta Transportes Porta a Porta, S.A." for the amount of €1.7m. This company offers integrated logistics solutions for the transport and delivery of goods in Portugal. This acquisition falls within the scope of CTT's expansion and diversification strategy, both through a new offer of delivery of items above 30 Kg and through the creation of a new growth platform for the company, within the cargo and last-mile logistics chain.

Staff costs include €1.1m relative to the human resources optimisation programme of Transporta aiming at the company's sustainability as well as at its productive efficiency and gradual operational integration within CTT group.

  • On 19 December 2017, CTT approved the operational transformation plan, the objectives of which are: optimising the retail network; reengineering the distribution network to improve operational efficiency; optimising operations and mail handling; and reinforcing the HR optimisation programme and the rationalisation of non-core assets. In 2017, provisions were made for:
  • Staff costs of €11.9m for the HR optimisation programme.
  • An amount of €1.7m to optimise the retail network.
  • The sale of real estate in Rua de S. José, in Lisbon, for €25m, that resulted in a pre-tax accounting gain of €16.2m, with a tax impact of €2.1m.

In the full year 2016, there were also other relevant facts that positively impacted the results of that year:

€9.6m were recognised, related to the memorandum of understanding entered into with Altice in June 2015.

The provision for onerous contracts was reversed (€6.5m), relating to Conde Redondo (due to the termination of the long-term lease agreement), Casal Ribeiro and Restauradores buildings (due to their requalification).

Consolidated revenues increased by 0.4% compared to 2016, driven by growth in the Express & Parcels segment (+€13.8m; + 11.4%) and by Banco CTT first full year of activity (+€6.7m).

The evolution of the revenues in 2017 was negatively affected by the gains related to the memorandum of understanding with Altice recognised in the previous year (€9.6m in 2016) and by the decrease in sales and services rendered in the Mail segment (-€5.1m; -1.0%), with mail volumes declining by 5.6%, and the decrease in the Financial Services segment (-€5.2m; -8.0%), especially due to the reduction in payment solutions, PPR (Retirement Savings Plans)and life and health insurance.

The operating activity generated a recurring EBITDA of €89.9m, -24.8% (-€29.6m) than that obtained in the previous year, with an EBITDA margin of 12.9% compared to 17.2% in 2016.

In the full year 2017, CTT achieved a consolidated net profit of €27.3m, -56.1% (-€34.9m) than in the previous year, corresponding to a consolidated net profit per share of €0.18, compared to €0.42 in 2016, contributing to this decrease the termination of the Altice agreement, the effect of the reversals of provisions in 2016 referred to above and the expenses provisioned in 2017 arising from the operational transformation plan in progress.

These results reflect a 5.6% increase (+€32.5m) in recurring operating expenses (excluding impairment, provisions, depreciation / amortisation and non-recurring expenses), of which €6.2m (+28.6%) relate to the Banco CTT segment, €10.3m relate to Transporta in the Express & Parcels segment and €13.3m (+3.1%) to the Mail segment.

Consolidated income statement
Thousand Euros 2017 2016 % 17/16
Revenues 697,932 695,060 0.4
Sales and services rendered 676,008 669,669 0.9
Sales 19,386 20,082 -3.5
Services rendered 656,622 649,586 1.1
Financial margin 3,390 26 12,938.5
Other operating income 18,534 25,365 -26.9
Operating costs excluding impairments, provisions,
depreciation/amortisation and non-recurring costs
608,025 575,561 5.6
Cost of sales 12,765 13,904 -8.2
External supplies and services 241,586 223,258 8.2
Staff costs 340,076 328,394 3.6
Other operating costs 13,598 10,005 35.9
Earnings before depreciation/amortisation,
impairments and provisions, non-recurring results,
interest and taxes (recurring EBITDA)
89,906 119,499 -24.8
Impairment of accounts receivable, net (614) 549 -211.8
Provisions, net 319 1,251 -74.5
Impairment of other financial banking assets (117) - n.a.
Impairment of non-depreciable assets - - n.a.
Depreciation/amortisation and impairment of
investments, net
(29,289) (26,611) 10.1
Earnings before non-recurring results, financial
income and taxes (recurring EBIT)
60,205 94,687 -36.4
Company restructuring (17,313) (10,588) 63.5
Costs associated to studies and advice services for
strategic projects
(10,904) (9,676) 12.7
Other non-recurring income and costs 15,106 16,459 -8.2
Earnings before interest and taxes 47,093 90,883 -48.2
Financial results, net (5,001) (5,869) 14.8
Gains/losses in associated companies - 230 -100.0
Earnings before taxes (EBT) 42,093 85,245 -50.6
Income tax for the period (14,977) (23,348) -35.9
Net profit before non-controlling interests 27,115 61,897 -56.2
Non-controlling interests (148) (263) 43.7
Net profit for the period attributable to equity holders 27,263 62,160 -56.1%

Note: Revenues and costs exclude non-recurring items.

3.1.1. Revenues

Thousand Euros 2017 2016 % 17/16
Mail 527,493 533,551 -1.1%
Express & Parcels 134,596 120,810 11.4%
Financial Services 61,800 70,761 -12.7%
Banco CTT 7,615 962 691.6%
CTT Central Structure 102,411 100,101 2.3%
Intragroup eliminations (135,983) (131,125) -3.7%
Revenues 697,932 695,060 0.4%

Note: Revenues exclude non-recurring items.

The Mail segment, which includes the letter mail postal service revenues of CTT, including the USO (Universal Service Obligation), represents the greatest weight in terms of revenues, amounting to €527.5m, with a decrease of 1.1% (-€6.1m) in the year 2017 in comparison to the previous year.

Sales decreased by €0.7m (-3.7%), mostly due to the decrease in retail products: mainly lottery by -€1.1m (-18.0%) as a consequence of supply problems arisen between the end of 2016 and the middle of the 2nd quarter of 2017, but also due to the drop of €0.5m (-12.9%) in merchandising. Conversely, philatelic products increased by €0.9m (+12.7%).

Services rendered decreased by €4.4m (-0.9%), continuing to be influenced by the evolution of addressed mail volumes which decreased by 5.6%. This decrease was mitigated by the average increase in the prices of the USO services of April 2017, which represents a 1.9% increase in 2017 vs the previous year, and by the effect of a change in the price mix as a result of the growth of higher added-value products, namely registered mail and "green mail".

It is also worth noticing the growth in prices and volumes of presentation-to-customs services (+€1.2m; +96.8%), and international mail (+€3.2m; +15.4%), with a favourable evolution of revenues generated by foreign operators, which contributed to the continuing growth trend of volumes received from Asian countries. In the opposite direction, it is important to point out the reductions verified in business solutions of printing & finishing (-€1.1m; -12.6%).

The other operating income in the Mail segment decreased by €0.9m (-2.2%).

The Express & Parcels segment with €134.6m of revenues recorded an increase of 11.4% (+€13.8m) compared to the previous year.

Services rendered increased €16.6m (+14.4%), reflecting a growth in Spain of €7.7m (+18.1%) and in Portugal of €8.9m (+12.6%), of which €8.8m concerning Transporta, with an increase in volumes from external customers of 26.1% in Spain and 21.5% in Portugal. In Mozambique services rendered recorded an increase of €0.1m (+4.4%) due to the evolution of the exchange rate, since in terms of MZN there was an increase of 7.0%, i.e. +7.3m MZN in revenues mainly due to the baking business growth and the price increase.

On a year-on-year comparison basis, it is to be noted the negative impact on other operating income of the termination of the memorandum of understanding entered into with Altice for an amount of €3.2m.

The Financial Services segment with €61.8m of revenues registered a 12.7% (-€9.0m) decrease when compared to the previous year.

Services rendered decreased by €5.2m (-8.0%), influenced by the declines of €2.4m in payment solutions (in particular invoices, mobile phones and ticketing), €1.7m in savings and insurance products (in particular in PPR and life and health insurance), and €0.6m in money orders and transfers.

Other operating income decreased by €3.7m (-77.1%), with -€3.2m (-100%) resulting from the termination of the memorandum of understanding with Altice and -€0.6m (-56.5%) derived from the improvements made in the direct allocation method of VAT deduction, with a lower impact than in 2016.

TheBanco CTT segment reached revenues of €7.6m (+€6.7m than in 2016, the Banco CTT opening year), which translated into €3.4m in financial margin and €4.2m mainly related to commissions received. The net interest income shows the profitability of the available-for-sale financial assets portfolio and the growing focus on the credit to customers. Health, life and multi-risk insurance, commissions for attracting consumer credit agreements and credit cards, as well as transactionality revenues contributed to the commissions received.

The CTT Central Structure shows an increase of €2.3m in revenues, due to a €2.2m increase in staff costs.

Thousand Euros 2017 2016 % 17/16
Cost of sales 12,765 13,904 -8.2
External supplies and services 241,586 223,258 8.2
Staff costs 340,076 328,394 3.6
Other operating costs 13,598 10,005 35.9
Operating costs 608,025 575,561 5.6

3.1.2. Operating costs 15

Note: Excluding non-recurring items.

Recurring operating costs amounted to €608.0m, +5.6% (+€32.5m) compared to the previous year. This year-on-year growth was mostly the result of +€17.1m from Express & Parcels due to the integration of Transporta (+€10.3m) and an increase in variable costs in Portugal and Spain (+€5.9m) related to traffic growth, +€6.2m from Banco CTT segment and +€5.2m of staff remuneration in the Mail segment, the main reasons being the increase in the services provided to the other segments in both the Retail and Distribution networks and the salary revision agreed with the organisations representing the workers.

The evolution of the operating costs in 2017 is broken down as follows:

a) The recurring cost of sales decreased €1.1m (-8.2%) following the sales evolution, namely in what concerns lottery and merchandising products.

15 Cost of sales + ES&S + Staff costs + other operating costs (excludes non-recurring items).

b) The recurring external supplies and services costs increased by 8.2% (+€18.3m) when compared to the previous year.

The cost reduction from initiatives of optimisation and rationalisation of operations, from the distribution networks integration, as well as other efficiency measures, didn't allow to absorb the recurring external supplies and services, especially due to:

  • Banco CTT segment activity increase (+€2.8m; +23.9%);
  • Integration of Transporta since May 2017 (+€7.8m);
  • Distribution and transport/routes costs increase in Tourline (+€4.8m, +17.1%) resulting from the volume growth and from the strengthening and the creation of new routes;
  • Energy and fuel costs increase (+€1.8m; +12.5%).
  • c) The recurring staff costs reached €340.1m, increasing €11.7m (+3.6%) when compared to the previous year, mainly due to the following additions: +€2.3m in staff costs related to the increase arising from the salary revision agreed with the organisations representing the workers with effect as of January 2017; +€2.7m (+30.4%) in fixed-term contract staff due to a higher operating activity; +€2.6m (+26.7%) in staff costs at Banco CTT segment, +€1.9m (+79.2%) related to the lower cut in the benefit associated with the "telephone subscription fee" and +€2.4m in staff costs at Transporta.
  • d) The recurring other operating costs increased by €3.6m (+35.9%), largely due to the increase in banking services costs (+€0.5m; +21.8%) and in unfavourable exchange rate differences (+€2.1m; +299.8%).
2017 - Operating costs by segment
Thousand Euros Mail Express &
Parcels
Financial
Services
Banco CTT CTT Central
Structure
Intragroup
eliminations
Operating
costs
External supplies and services 99,939 109,419 9,128 14,644 40,640 (32,183) 241,586
Staff costs 246,548 21,484 3,843 12,195 56,099 (92) 340,076
Other costs 55,043 2,356 18,040 1,174 5,671 (55,922) 26,363
Allocation to CTT central structure 47,515 - 271 - - (47,785) -
Operating costs 449,044 133,259 31,281 28,013 102,411 (135,983) 608,025

Operating costs by segment are as follows:

Note: excludes non-recurring items.

2016 - Operating costs by segment

Express & Financial CTT Central Intragroup Operating
Thousand Euros Mail Parcels Services Banco CTT Structure eliminations costs
External supplies and services 98,709 92,749 9,830 11,823 40,628 (30,482) 223,258
Staff costs 239,040 21,232 4,601 9,626 53,895 - 328,394
Other costs 54,177 2,190 18,164 338 5,579 (56,539) 23,909
Allocation to CTT central structure 43,800 - 304 - - (44,104) -
Operating costs 435,726 116,171 32,900 21,788 100,101 (131,125) 575,561

Note: Excluding non-recurring items.

The Mail segment recorded a significant amount of operating costs as it includes the functions of mail sorting, transport, delivery, sales, as well as the retail network, areas of major significance in terms of operating costs, particularly due to the number of allocated workers and assets. These operating activities also provide services to the other segments – sorting/transport and especially delivery of parcels for the Express & Parcels business unit, financial services and banking services rendered in the Retail Network, and commercial management and sales services provided to the

Group – thus increasing synergies via the scalability of the unique assets, in both the distribution and retail networks.

In 2017 the Mail segment recorded €449.0m of recurring operating costs, an increase of €13.3m (+3.1%) compared to the previous year, with special emphasis on the remunerations of fixed-term contract staff (+€2.9m; +35.5%) and permanent staff (+2,3m; +1,0%), electricity and fluids (+€1.3m; +11.6%), post office managers, delivery outsourcing and partnerships (+€0,4m; +8.0%), the main reasons being the increase in the activity of the other segments in both networks and the salary review agreed with the organisations representing the workers. Also, unfavourable exchange differences (+€2.4m; +698.5%) and costs with foreign operators (+€0.8m, +4.4%).

The Express & Parcels segment recorded an increase of €17.1m (+14.7%) in recurring operating costs, of which:

  • +€10.3m concerning Transporta largely due to subcontracting transport (€6.3m), rental of buildings (€0.6m) and staff costs (€2.4m);
  • +€4.8m related to the growth of transport/routes costs (+€2.6m; +31.4%) and delivery costs (+€2.3m; +11.3%)in Spain;
  • +€0.8m related to the increase in external subcontracting of EMS collection and delivery due to traffic volume increase;
  • +€0.3m for the use of synergies within the group, leading to an increase in the internal billing of the EMS collections and deliveries in the group.

The Financial Services segment reported a decrease of €1.6m (-4.9%) in recurring operating costs, with an emphasis on the cost reduction in the transport of valuables (-€0.4m; -12.2%), in Payshop agents' commissions (-€0.3m; -14.3%), in sales incentives (-€0.8m; -68.9%) and internal services provided by the retail network (-€0.4m; -3.4%). Conversely, it is important to mention the costs increase with banking services (+€0.3m; +28.4%).

The Banco CTT segment registered €28.0m in recurring costs in 2017, +€6.2m (+28.6%) than in 2016 due to the increase in the banking activity in relation to the previous year:

  • Staff costs of €12.2m (+€2.6m; +26.7%), mainly because 2017 was the first full year of activity, due to an increase in the headcount, sales incentives and multiple employment.
  • External supplies and services costs of €14.6m (+€2.8m; +23.9%), mainly related to transactionality systems (interbank fees for transaction services provided to customers), communications, IT systems and Contact Center.

The CTT Central Structure showed a cost increase of €2.3m (+2.3%), of which €2.2m are related to staff costs namely €1.9m due to the lower reduction in the benefit associated with the "telephone subscription fee" (in 2016 a €2.4m decrease of this liability was recognised and in 2017 the recognition was €0.5m).

3.1.3. Recurring EBITDA

The recurring EBITDA16 amounted to €89.9m, -24.8% (-€29.6m) than the one recorded last year.

16 Recurring EBITDA = Operating results + amortisation and depreciation + net change in provisions and impairment losses (does not include non-recurring revenues and costs, such as company restructuring, impairment of investment properties, provisions for onerous contracts and labour contingencies).

Recurring EBITDA by segment
mil euros 2017 2016 % 17/16
Correio 78,449 97,825 -19.8%
Expresso & Encomendas 1,337 4,639 -71.2%
Serviços Financeiros 30,519 37,861 -19.4%
Banco CTT (20,398) (20,826) 2.1%
EBITDA recorrente 89,906 119,499 -24.8%

Note: Excluding non-recurring items.

3.1.4. Non-recurring results

In 2017 CTT recorded negative non-recurring results of €13.1m, which include:

  • (i) Other operating income (+€16.3m), mainly those resulting from the sale of real estate at Rua de S. José, in Lisbon, and associated interests.
  • (ii) External supplies and services (-€9.9m):
  • -€9.3m of costs associated with studies and strategic projects, especially those related to Banco CTT (-€3.8m), to the Commercial Excellence programme (-€1.9m), to other strategic projects (-€0.8m), to the HR Talent Management plan and diverse consulting (-€1.9m);
  • -€0.6m of sales commission regarding the real estate of the Rua de S. José, in Lisbon.
  • (iii) Staff costs (-€14.7m), including:
  • -€11.9m related to the HR optimisation programme;
  • -€1.1m regarding the human resources optimisation process at Transporta;
  • -€0.6m resulting from the completion of the "Long-term variable remuneration Share Plan".
  • (iv) Other costs (-€0,6m), including:
  • -€0.4m refer to a donation.
  • (v) Net depreciation/amortisation, impairments and provisions amounting to -€4.3m, mainly concerning:
  • -€1.7m, a provision for optimisation of the Retail Network;
  • -€1.1m impairment of Mailtec's goodwill;
  • +€0.1m other impairments and provisions.

2017 Non-recurring results

Thousand Euros Mail Express &
Parcels
Financial
Services
Banco CTT Central
CTT Structure
Intragroup
eliminations
Others non
allocated
Total
Other operating income 2 - - - 16,345 - - 16,346
External supplies and services 2,688 195 7 3,780 3,226 - - 9,896
Staff Costs 10,069 1,645 148.9 - 2,801 - - 14,663
Other costs 25 - - - 530 - - 555
Non-recurring results that affect EBITDA (12,780) (1,840) (156) (3,780) 9,787 - - (8,768)
Depreciation/amortisation and impairment of
investments, net
1,580 - - - - - (199) 1,381
Impairment of accounts receivable, net - 484 - - - - - 484
Impairment of non-depreciable assets 1,133 - - - - - - 1,133
Provisions net 1,730 (144) - - (241) - - 1,345
Non-recurring results that affect EBIT (17,223) (2,180) (156) (3,780) 10,029 - 199 (13,111)
2016 Non-recurring results
Thousand Euros Mail Express &
Parcels
Financial
Services
Banco CTT Central
CTT Structure
Intragroup
eliminations
Others non
allocated
Total
Other operating income 36 - - - 1,726 - - 1,762
External supplies and services 2,230 - - 4,616 1,934 - - 8,779
Staff Costs 3,336 131 0.1 - 6,526 - - 9,993
Other costs 85 - - - 350 - - 435
Non-recurring results that affect EBITDA (5,615) (131) (0.1) (4,616) (7,084) - - (17,446)
Depreciation/amortisation and impairment of
investments, net
848 - - - - - 9 857
Impairment of accounts receivable, net - 594 - - - - - 594
Impairment of non-depreciable assets - - - - - - - -
Provisions net (6) (2,151) - - (12,935) - - (15,093)
Non-recurring results that affect EBIT (6,456) 1,425 (0.1) (4,616) 5,851 - (9) (3,805)

3.1.5. Financial results

The financial results reached a negative amount of €5.0m, representing an increase of 11.3% (+€0.6m) in relation to 2016.

Interest income and financial revenues decreased by 43.3% (-€0.3m) when compared to the previous year, due to the low remuneration rates of term deposits, to lower liquidity levels and to the preservation of a conservative policy regarding liquidity applications by CTT.

Financial costs incurred amounted to €5.4m, mainly incorporating the financial costs of €5.2m associated with the financial update of the employee benefits liability, as well as, but of little relevance, interest associated with financial leasing operations and bank loans (€0.2m).

Financial results
Thousand Euros 2017 2016 % 17/16
Interest income 381 672 -43.3
Interest expenses (5,381) (6,540) -17.7
Interest expenses (financial) (151) (217) -30.4
Interest costs with employee benefits
(accounting)
(5,231) (6,323) -17.3
Gains/losses in associated companies 0 230 -100.0
Financial results (5,001) (5,638) 11.3

3.1.6. Net profit

In 2017 CTT achieved a consolidated net profit attributable to equity holders of €27.3m, 56.1% lower than the one obtained in the previous year, corresponding to consolidated earnings of €0.18 per share and a net margin of 3.9% (8.9% in 2016). If the non-recurring effects in both years were excluded, the net profit would have decreased by 37.5%.

3.1.7. Capex

The Group's investment amounted to €28.5m, -32.3% (-€13.6m), compared to 2016, the year in which the initial phase of the launch of Banco CTT took place with significant investments in the opening of branches and in adapting the computer system ("Core Banking System"). In 2017, the following investments stand out: those associated to (i) Banco CTT, but with less expression, namely in computer systems, ATMs, works, furniture and other equipment to adapt the post offices, amounting to a total of €6.6m, (ii) the renewal and expansion of the fleet (€2.0m), (iii) the change of the SAP platform (€3.2m) and other IT transformation initiatives (€3.5m), (iv) the development of computer systems to support the Express & Parcels business (€2.3m) and (v) security and works in buildings and premises (€2.3m).

The company continues to invest in strategic IT systems development, such as management information, e-commerce and commercial excellence and in accounting and operational processes, which aim to provide the company with the necessary tools and agility to face the market challenges and the change, which occurs ever more rapidly and sometimes in a disruptive manner.

Consolidated statement of financial position
Thousand Euros 31.12.2017 31.12.2016 % 17/16
Non-current assets 678,474 452,618 49.9
Current assets 930,291 864,080 7.7
Total assets 1,608,765 1,316,697 22.2
Equity 183,991 233,327 -21.1
Total liabilities 1,424,774 1,083,370 31.5
Non-current liabilities 282,738 269,533 4.9
Current liabilities 1,142,037 813,837 40.3
Total equity and liabilities 1,608,765 1,316,697 22.2

3.1.8. Financial position

Total assets reached €1,608.8m (+€292.1m vs 31.12.2016), of which €449.9m (+€282.2m vs 31.12.2016) are related to applications, financial assets and credit held by Banco CTT broken down as follows:

  • €267.3m concerning investments held to maturity and financial assets available for sale;
  • €103.2m of other bank financial assets, mainly investments in credit institutions and in the interbank market; and
  • €79.3m of credit to bank clients, especially factoring operations, mortgage loans and other credits.

Total assets also include the increase in cash and cash equivalents by €8.0m (+1.3%).

Equity decreased by €49.3m (-21.1%) following the dividend distribution for the year 2016 (€72.0m), which occurred in May 2017, for a net profit of €62.2m in 2016 which compares with the net profit of €27.3m in 2017.

On 31st January 2017, a total of 600,530 own shares were granted to the Executive Directors of the Company, as long-term variable remuneration, having reduced its reserve by €5.1m and recorded a non-recurring cost of €0.6m.

The liabilities increased by €341.4m (+31.5%), of which the increase of €365.3m (+143,8%) in banking client deposits from Banco CTT should be emphasised, along with the reduction of €61.8m related to financial services payables.

Employee benefit liabilities (post-retirement and other long-term benefits) in 2017 amounted to €270.0m, a decrease of 0.8% (-€2.3m) when compared to December 2016, of which stand out:

  • the termination of the Share Plan as a long-term variable remuneration related to the 2014/2016 term of office (-€4.5m);
  • the reduction of the liability with other benefits by €0.9m, including the one related to the "telephone subscription fee" benefit of €0.5m;
  • the reduction of the suspension agreements amount by €2.2m;
  • the increase of €4.9m in Healthcare due mainly to the effect of actuarial losses;
  • the Pension plan of Transporta (€0.4m) recorded in 2017.
and other long-term employee benefits
Thousand Euros 31.12.2017 31.12.2016 % 17/16
Liabilities 270,020 272,317 -0.8
Healthcare 253,972 249,110 2.0
Staff (suspension agreements) 3,312 5,495 -39.7
Other long-term employee benefits 12,340 13,231 -6.7
Share plan 0 4,481 -100.0
Pension plan (Transporta) 356 0 n.a.
Other benefits 40 0 n.a.

Liabilities with post-retirement benefits

3.1.9. Cash flow

The net change in cash and cash equivalents amounted to +€8.0m, which is mainly the result of:

  • +€283.1m in the operating cash flows related to Banco CTT;
  • +€67.3m in cash flows from operating activities (excluding the cash flows from financial services and Banco CTT);
  • -€57.6m in changes in financial services receivables/payables;
  • -€31.2m in payments related to tangible and intangible assets;
  • +€25.4m of other investment cash flows, of which €22.5m refer to real estate located at Rua de S. José, in Lisbon;
  • -€234.6m of Banco CTT's financial assets (includes available-for-sale financial assets, investments held to maturity and other bank financial assets of Banco CTT);
  • €72.0m of dividend payment.

The adjusted cash flow in 2017 was -€33.3m and adjusted operating free cash flow amounted to €38.5m, increasing from the €2.9m in 2016, due to the improvement in operating cash flow and the sale of real estate in Rua de S. José in Lisbon.

Cash flow
Reported Adjusted*
Thousand Euros 2017 2016% 17/16 2017 2016% 17/16
Cash flow from operating activities 291,077 268,217 8.5 44,329 23,750 86.6
Cash flow CTT excluding FS and Banco CTT 67,337 43,598 54.4
Banco CTT cash flow (23,009) (19,848) -15.9
Cash flow from investment activities (240,433) (185,602) -29.5 (5,805) (20,835) 72.1
Capex (31,219) (29,514) -5.8 (31,219) (29,514) -5.8
of which Banco CTT (5,380) (9,977) 46.1
Banco CTT financial assets** (234,627) (164,767) -42.4
Other 25,414 8,679 192.8 25,414 8,679 192.8
Operating free cash flow 50,645 82,616 -38.7 38,523 2,915 1,221.5
Cash flow from financing activities (71,947) (72,420) 0.7 (71,947) (72,420) 0.7
of which dividends (72,000) (70,265) -2.5 (72,000) (70,265) -2.5
Other*** 29,317 4,966 490.4 135 - n.a.
Net change in cash and cash equivalents 8,014 15,161 -47.1 (33,289) (69,505) 52.1

* Cash flow from operating activities excluding the changes in the financial services receivables/payables and Cash Flow Statement items: "Banking customer deposits and other loans", "Credit to bank clients", third parties "Other receivables/payments" regarding Banco CTT , "Financial assets available for sale", "Investments held to maturity", "Demand deposits at Bank of Portugal" and "Other banking financial assets".

** Including financial assets available for sale, investments held to maturity and investments in credit institutions held by Banco CTT.

*** These figures were not considered under Cash and equivalents in the Cash flow Statement. However, they are included in Cash and equivalents in the Balanced Sheet.

3.1.10. Financing

The company holds financial leasing operations (related to the acquisition of basic equipment and vehicles), bank loans in Corre in order to fund operating activities and a cash pooling system used within CTT scope, particularly by Tourline, to support the activity.

Net financial debt (excluding financial liabilities and assets of Banco CTT) is negative by €163.3m, if we include the liabilities with employee benefits is positive by €30.6m.

Net debt
Thousand Euros 31.12.2017 31.12.2016 % 17/16
Financial debt 10,378 9,807 5.8
Bank loans and other loans 10,322 8,813 17.1
Financial leasings 56 994 -94.4
Net cash 360,930 295,306 22.2
Net financial debt (350,551) (285,499) 22.8
Banking client deposits 619,230 253,945 143.8
Other banking financial assets 17,882 1,218 1,368.1
Financial assets (Banco CTT) (449,896) (167,700) 168.3
Net financial debt (excluding financial liabilities and
assets of Banco CTT)
(163,336) (198,036) -17.5
Net financial debt (excluding financial liabilities
and assets of Banco CTT)/EBITDA
-1.8 x -1.7 x 0.1 x
Liabilities with employee benefits 270,020 272,317 -0.8
Deferred tax assets related to employee benefits (76,045) (77,093) -1.4
Net debt (incl. Liabilities with employee benefits) 30,638 (2,813) -1,189.2
Net debt/EBITDA 0.3 x 0.0 x -0.3 x
Net cash
Thousand Euros 31.12.2017 31.12.2016 % 17/16
Net cash
(+) Cash and cash equivalents 626,825 618,811 1.3
(-) Net Financial Services payables (265,896) (323,506) -17.8
Net cash 360,930 295,306 22.2

3.1.11. Impact of Banco CTT results on the consolidated results

The analysis of the balance sheet and income statement without the full consolidation of Banco CTT allows for a clear view of the CTT Group without the assets / liabilities related to the activity of Banco CTT.

The economic and financial position of the CTT Group excluding Banco CTT from the consolidation perimeter, being accounted as a financial participation according to the equity method, would be as follows:

Consolidated income statement
Thousand Euros 2017 2016 % 17/16
Revenues 708,021 696,470 1.7
Operating costs (633,854) (578,582) 9.6
Earnings before financial income
and taxes
74,167 117,887 -37.1
Financial results (26,302) (27,077) 2.9
Gains/losses in associated
companies
(21,302) (21,208) -0.4
Earnings before taxes 47,865 90,811 -47.3
Income tax for the period (20,749) (28,914) -28.2
Net profit for the period 27,115 61,897 -56.2
Non-controlling interests (148) (263) 43.7
Net profit for the period
attributable to equity holders
27,263 62,160 -56.1
EBITDA 105,316 127,495 -17.4
Consolidated statement of financial position
Thousand Euros 31.12.2017 31.12.2016 % 17/16
Non-current assets 408,302 393,226 3.8
Current assets 567,562 669,901 -15.3
Total assets 975,864 1,063,127 -8.2
Equity 183,991 233,327 -21.1
Total liabilities 791,873 829,800 -4.6
Non-current liabilities 282,652 269,512 4.9
Current liabilities 509,221 560,288 -9.1
Total equity and liabilities 975,864 1,063,127 -8.2

Impact of the exclusion of Banco CTT from the consolidation perimeter on the economic position (Profit & Loss) in 2017:

  • +€27.1m of revenues and +€24.2m of EBITDA;
  • -€21.3m of financial results, which reflect the equity method of Banco CTT, due to the negative net profit.

Impact of the exclusion of Banco CTT from the consolidation perimeter on the financial position (Balance Sheet) in 2017:

  • -€632.9m on assets;
  • -€235.0m concerning cash and cash equivalents.

3.2. CTT share performance

In 2017, CTT paid a dividend of €0.48 per share and the CTT share price depreciated by 45.59%. Hence, the total shareholder return or TSR (capital gain + dividend, calculated on the basis of the share price as at 31 December 2016) was -40.68%. During this period, the PSI 20 had a total shareholder return of 19.32%.

In terms of share price appreciation, the best performer of the EU postal sector in 2017 was Deutsche Post, whose shares appreciated by 27.26%. On the same basis, the PSI 20 index appreciated by 15.15% in the year 2017.

1 Royal Mail share price in Euro.

Throughout the year 2017, circa 268 million CTT shares were traded, corresponding to a daily average of 1.05 million shares, which translates into an annualised turnover ratio of around 180% of the share capital, which is a strong measure of the share liquidity level. As at 29 December 2017, in the last trading session of the year, the closing price of the CTT shares was €3.507.

4. HUMAN RESOURCES

Human resources management continued to be driven by the following priorities: (i) definition and implementation of new, all-encompassing and consistent human capital development policies that promote skills and reward the performance and the agility of the Company, (ii) maintaining a sound social climate, (iii) continued investment in training and qualification, and (iv) optimisation and adequacy of staff to meet the evolving needs and challenges of the markets CTT operates in.

Current activity

As at 31 December 2017, the number CTT employees (permanent staff and on fixed-term contracts) was 12,163, fourteen more (+0.1%) than in 2016. This increase includes the 139 workers at Transporta, acquired by the company in May 2017. Excluding Transporta, the number of employees fell by 1.0% (-125) compared to 2016.

31.12.2017 31.12.2016 Δ 2017/2016
Mail 9,756 9,774 -18 -0.2%
Express & Parcels 1,094 1,027 67 6.5%
Financial Services 87 96 -9 -9.4%
Banco CTT 184 162 22 13.6%
Other 1,042 1,090 -48 -4.4%
Total, of which: 12,163 12,149 14 0.1%
Permanent 11,122 11,247 -125 -1.1%
Fixed-term contracts 1,041 902 139 15.4%
Total in Portugal 11,715 11,702 13 0.1%

Number of employees

Together, the operations and distribution departments (6,609 employees, of which 4,600 are delivery postmen) and the retail network (2,755 employees) represent around 77% of all CTT employees.

Employee turnover in 2017, excluding the integration of Transporta, shows a slightly higher number of employees leaving the company than new recruitments.

431 employees left the company, due to retirement (65) and death (25). The company recruited 138 new employees, 107 in Portugal (4 in CTT Expresso, 2 in Transporta, 36 in Banco CTT and 65 in CTT SA) and 31 abroad (in Tourline Express).

Among the employees leaving the company, it should be noted that 161 left in the context of the Human Resources Optimisation Programme, a part of the current Operational Transformation Plan.

The recruitment policy aimed to obtain competences lacking in the group which are indispensable for its strategic options (banking, commercial activities, IT, etc.).

On 28 June 2017, effective from January 2017 and therefore affecting the accounts for the first half, a Revision Agreement for CTT's 2016 Company Agreement was signed with the eleven Trade Unions represented in the company, agreeing a pay increase on the following terms: basic monthly salary up to €1,267.20, an increase of 1.0%; basic monthly salary between €1,267.21 and

€1,889.60, an increase of 0.75%; basic monthly salary between €1,889.61 and €2,772.30, an increase of 0.65%. An identical increase was applied in subsidiary companies.

It was also agreed to set the minimum monthly wage in the various Group companies at €600.00 with effect from 1 July 2017. This review of fixed remuneration represented an important adjustment for the lower levels of remuneration.

The Revision Agreement takes into account the importance of a climate of social stability and peace within the Company, which is a goal of both CTT and the signing Trade Unions, seeking to value employees' work.

Development of human capital

In the context of strengthening and developing the human capital required for the growth of CTT, the measures taken to promote the recruitment of employees with new skills and resources were extended, particularly to strengthen the growth areas.

In this context, the selection process for the 3rd edition of the Trainee Programme, Trainee 2017 – "Your potential moves us", was launched with a view to attracting and retaining young people of high potential, promoting their development within a structured overall programme, contributing to the rejuvenation of staff, fostering a mobility culture and positioning CTT as an "employer of first choice". This edition of the programme is now being implemented with 14 newly recruited trainees.

For the third consecutive year since CTT became established as a Public Company, a variable annual remuneration was allocated, at a lower level than the previous year, taking into account the company's results for 2016. This extraordinary bonus is paid on an individual basis, differentiated in consideration of personal merit and the levels of performance and absenteeism of the various functional groups. It was paid to more than 7,750 employees and totalled around 3.4 million euros.

Pursuing a policy of good practices in human resource management after the principles and objectives of a CTT talent model had been established, the 2017 talent management programme was put into effect, assessing competences and identifying potential for a number of management and employee positions in various departments and functional groups. Assessments and feedback sessions were held to analyse the management structure, and subsequently performance plans were developed for execution in the 2018-2019 period.

In terms of training, 2017 saw strong investment to bolster and promote skills geared toward i) attaining the stipulated goals and addressing new challenges, ii) gaining or developing knowledge in the new growth areas, such as the banking business, iii) professional and personal development, and iv) motivation, involvement and strengthening the commitment of employees to the company, its culture and values.

Training Volume per Programme

In 2017, a total of 262,000 hours of training were undertaken with 11,000 employees, with particular stress on the following areas: strategic alignment and professional integration; health and safety at work (especially for employees working in the operational departments and the retail network); banking (for teams in the post offices which began to provide Banco CTT services); and CTT services (especially for the Retail Network and the Contact Centre).

Distance training was of particular importance because of the gains in efficiency which it can generate; more than 14,000 training actions were carried out, representing 26% of the total number of hours of training executed in 2017, translating into an increase of 4% over the previous year.

5. QUALITY, INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY IN CTT'S ACTIVITIES

5.1. Quality of Service

In 2017, the perception of CTT customers of the quality of the postal service remained quite positive, with 84.7% of the customers who responded to the satisfaction survey considering that the overall quality of CTT was good or very good.

The OQSI (Overall Quality of Service Indicator) stood at 110.1 points, compared to a target of 100.

In 2017, there were continued efforts to keep management systems certified. In this context, the external certification audit of CTT Expresso occurred in April, and that of Mailtec in May. The audit for the maintenance of the certification of the sorting centres occurred in July, also with very positive results.

Services certification was maintained in all the post offices, postal delivery offices and 204 postal agencies, as was the quality and environment certification of the subsidiary company CTT Contacto after an external audit in November.

At the end of the year, CTT obtained its corporate certification, which recognises the compliance with the ISO requirements of cross-company human resources processes, IT, physical resources and security, procurement and logistics, all of which serve CTT's internal departments and certified management systems.

Contact Centre

In 2017 the telephone line (55%) and the e-mail channel (45%) of the Contact Centre were the means used most frequently by customers to contact the company; in recent years it has been noticed that the latter has grown at the expense of the former.

Overall, more than 2.6 million contacts were recorded, representing an increase of 20% over the previous year. There were 1.4 million answered telephone calls, which represents a year-on-year increase of 14% over 2016. This evolution was mainly due to an increase in contacts related to customs clearance (in e-commerce) and with searches for items. There were 1.2 million e-mail contacts, an increase of 28% over the previous year, related particularly with tracking items.

Of note are the awards made to CTT and CTT Expresso by the APCC (Portuguese Association of Contact centres) Best Awards 2017, in the Transport, Distribution and Logistics category (mentioned above); the main purpose of these awards is to recognise organisations in Portugal which have made the most noticeable efforts to adopt and implement good practices in the running of their Contact Centres, in strategic, operational and technological management and in human capital, contributing to recognition and appreciation of the industry in general.

5.2. Innovation and development

Today, with the vertiginous rate of progress in Information and Communication Technologies, all businesses are digital - including postal services, and they too are having to reinvent themselves. The paradigm has changed: on the one hand, everything that can be digitalised is being, and very quickly; on the other, it is now clearly the final user (e-buyer/addressee) who sets the pace (date, time, place and manner of delivery/receipt). Furthermore, the rate of digital transformation continues to accelerate, on various levels, through, for example: the Internet of Things, big Data, automation and artificial intelligence. CTT accepts these realities in order to transform them, by innovation, into new business opportunities.

Development of solutions, products and services

  • Reinforcement of theMail business:
  • launching the CTTAds.pt service for the design, production and contracting of advertising campaigns distributed using CTT network, including a new line of advertising services: "Brindes de Marca" which allows every customer to personalise the promotional material with its own logo. This service received the PostEurop Innovation Award for 2017.
  • availability of the newly developed features of the ViaCTT service, including access via an app.
  • extension of the Online Receipts service (ROL): present in more than 1,200 post offices and postal agencies, and a study on integrating the service with partners and major customers.
  • introduction of innovative printing technology to improve the Printing & Finishing service.
  • start-up of the VEDUR (Electric Urban Distribution Vehicle) project: pilot route with an innovative electric tricycle developed by a Portuguese startup company.
  • automatic feed system for the Rest Mail machine, based on the use of robots and an automated arm.
  • installation of the new bar-code reading system (able to capture the 5 faces of EMS objects), contributing to an increase in the productivity of the parcel sorting service and strengthening the revenue assurance by filing important information about each parcel.
  • The following advances have been made in e-commerce:
  • consolidation/expansion of the CTT e-segue system (and associated functions) to both contract and occasional customers and in the physical channels (CTT post offices and postal agencies), complemented with a dedicated app.
  • availability of parcel lockers for parcel deliveries in 5 high-volume locations, constituting an improvement in the convenience of the CTT e-segue service.
  • launch of a pilot for dynamic distribution based on a mobile application in the urban context (Lisbon), ensuring rapid delivery for e-commerce (Same Day & Instant Delivery).
  • integration of the CTT despatch services with various e-commerce platforms.
  • exploration of new partnerships to extend the geographical range of the Express2Me service.
  • execution of various activities/developments in the context of the Interconnect (eCIP) programme, particularly pilot tests with Standard packets and Premium items (outbound and inbound) and launch of production for Premium items (inbound).

  • Highlights in the financial area were the advances made in Banco CTT and Payshop:

  • The Mortgage product, based on the innovative Casa Banco CTT app, allows the customer to carry out the whole process of contracting the loan and purchasing the property, including uploading documents.
  • Payshop offers services in various areas and in its agents' network: new pre-paid services for online purchases of international brands, creation of a Virtual Agent in partnership with the Portuguese startup OneBiller, partnership with CTT Expresso to make the Payshop network available for delivery/collection of parcels and signing up new companies to its ticket purchasing services.

Corporate initiatives

  • Launch of a new application for smartphones (App CTT), offering more functions to allow the customer to personalise his stamps ("Meuselo") and postcards ("Meupostal"), and purchase tickets in advance for shows (Bilheteira). The customer can also obtain details of all despatches, tolls payable, information about CTT post offices and order the SIGA service.
  • Reformulation of the company's IT infrastructure in the following areas, allowing maintenance costs to be reduced.
  • Important features of the transformation of the company's IT:
  • new version S/4 Hana & Hybris Billing of the SAP environment. Current implementation will gradually be extended to the whole group and all its business.
  • introduction of the Robotic Process Automation (RPA) technology, which has speeded up organisational processes.
  • implementation of the customer and sales support system, with gradual inclusion of all group companies leading to synergies which will improve customer service.
  • providing CTT at various levels with advanced Big Data analytical tools, to leverage future projects resulting in greater efficiency and the creation of new products and services.
  • availability of the new portal allowing CTT customers to speed up their customs processes and receive constant feedback through a self-service option.
  • The "+Innovation by CTT" programme CTT's Innovation and Development Management System, offered the following:
  • in Ideas Management, 3 cycles of challenges were held, with more than 1,700 users and 700 ideas submitted - some of which led to concrete implementations and/or influenced current projects in the business units and operations departments.
  • in CTT Exterior Observatory, the identification of startup companies with solutions in line with CTT's objectives and strategy, resulting in various types of collaboration (pilot and/or technical/commercial partnerships).
  • in Exploratory Innovation, exploration, analysis and sharing with the organisation the most significant trends in various topics.

5.3. Sustainability

CTT was one of the first Portuguese companies in the postal industry to integrate the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) into its business strategy.

The Board of Directors includes four women (31% of the total), and CTT's administration and supervision organs comply with legal minimum. The company's equality plan was approved, including 17 measures in various areas.

The training offered reached 262,000 hours and the rate of absenteeism was 6.8%. A total of 1,072 accidents at work was reported (none fatal). Drivers' Challenge (to assess eco-efficient driving) involved 4,700 drivers and received an honourable mention in the Green Project Awards 2017.

A total of 130 volunteers and their family members were involved in 16 voluntary environmental and social actions. Community initiatives were supported with funding worth €1.1m, and a partnership programme was launched to offer preferential prices to CTT employees.

In climate change actions, CTT obtained Leadership level A in the Carbon Disclosure Project 2017, the most important international carbon exchange rating (only two Portuguese companies and two others in the postal industry reached this level); the company's carbon targets, absolute and intensity, were approved by SBTi – Science Based Target Initiative (the only company in the industry whose targets were approved) and CTT was the company with the greatest reduction in emissions in the industry worldwide, -76% (2008-2016).

CTT Expresso was the first Portuguese company in the industry to fully compensate its CO2 emissions, which it did by a participative vote in facebook which involved more than half a million people.

In the area of biodiversity, the 4th edition of the "A Tree for the Forest" project - a partnership between CTT and Quercus to help reforest critical areas of Portugal - reached more than 8 million people, with a record sale of 65,000 kits.

The eco-portfolio showed relative stability in DM Eco, with reasonable growth in "green" mail. CTT's eco-services now represent nearly 12% of its total turnover.

The CTT car-pooling platform, which seeks to reduce emissions from employees who commute to work, was a finalist in the environment category of the 2017 PostEurop Coups de Cœur awards.

Fuel consumption fell by 1.8%, electricity, gas and air-conditioning grew by 3.5%; overall energy consumption was stable (+0.4%). CO2 emissions in scopes 1 and 2 fell by 1.4%. The purchase of 40 electric vehicles and one hybrid vehicle brought the CTT ecological fleet up to 353 vehicles, the biggest in the country.

For the purposes of complying with the obligations set forth in article 508-G of the Portuguese Companies Code, as amended by Decree-Law no. 89/2017 of 28 July, CTT chose to disclose the information regarding the CTT Group's non-financial statements in the Sustainability Report. This report contains information that is sufficient for an understanding of the evolution, performance, position and impact of CTT Group activities, including environmental and social issues and those related to the workers, equality between women and men, non-discrimination, respect for human rights, the fight against corruption and attempted bribery.

The Sustainability Report is available on the CTT website at http://www.ctt.pt/ctt-e-investidores/sustentabilidade/politicas-relatoriosindices.html?com.dotmarketing.htmlpage.language=1#panel2-1.

6. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Subsequent events

Optimisation of the Retail Network

Aiming at the present and future sustainability of the company, the Board of Directors of CTT approved an Operational Transformation Plan that provides for, among other measures to be applied during its implementation, the optimisation of the presence of the postal customer service activity according to demand, always ensuring an adequate quality in the provision of services, namely the Universal Postal Service.

In a first stage (1st quarter of 2018), 25 CTT post offices (CTT Retail Network) were identified to be optimised resulting in an increase of 3 points of access, as 20 post offices were replaced by 23 postal agencies within the more than 2,360 Access Points existing countrywide. It is important to note that this optimisation does not jeopardise the presence of CTT and its capillarity throughout the national territory, fully complying with the criteria of geographical density this company is required to meet as the Universal Postal Service Concessionaire. CTT continues to guarantee a service of proximity to the populations and to its customers given the existing for the services it provides, namely the Universal Postal Service – including the payment of postal money orders for social benefits (retirement pensions and other), collection of utilities invoices, handling of ordinary and priority mail, receiving registered items and parcels, among others.

Share capital increase of Banco CTT

On 4 January 2018, Banco CTT's share capital increase of €6,400,000 was carried out by transferring to Banco CTT all the shares representing the share capital of Payshop (Portugal), S.A.. This operation is in line with the strategy of concentrating the CTT Group's business lines related to the financial sector at Banco CTT as well as with the project submitted to Banco de Portugal at the time of its creation and information transmitted at Capital Markets Day.

Additionally, on 7 March 2018, a new share capital increase was made in the amount of €25,000,000.00 (from €131,400,000.00 to €156,400,000.00), by means of the issuance of new shares without par value and for an issuance value of €1 each, to be fully subscribed and paid in cash by CTT as single shareholder. This is also in line with the 2016-2018 and 2017-2019 Plans approved by the Board of Directors of Banco CTT, as well as with the information transmitted in the Capital Markets Day.

Future perspectives

The year 2018 will be another challenging year as it will mark the beginning of the implementation of the Operational Transformation Plan, focused on improving the profitability, efficiency and quality levels of the postal business, while maintaining the proximity to the Portuguese population and complying with all regulatory obligations. It will address a large part of the CTT cost base, across all cost categories, and, although it is expected to have a positive contribution on recurring EBITDA, it will necessitate a significant amount (c. €20m in 2018) of restructuring costs and €25m of incremental Capex in the next couple of years. The plan is necessary to prepare the next wave of growth and operational efficiency of CTT, however, it will have a significant impact on dividend policy in the short term, due to the high one-off costs in the first two years of its implementation.

We believe that the rate of decline of mail volumes will continue to be affected predominantly by the structural trend toward electronic substitution, and less by macroeconomic factors. It should remain close to the trend observed during 2017, although it may still vary slightly depending on the behaviour of domestic consumption and e-government initiatives. Similar structural trends, are affecting the Financial Services business, namely payments and transfers.

The impact of Mail and Financial Services on the consolidated revenues should continue to be offset by strong growth in the parcels and banking businesses, although from what is still a very small base. Electronic commerce will continue to be the main driver of growth in the parcels business while for Banco CTT 2018 should be a year of the beginning of the monetisation of the strong customer acquisition, mainly through the offer of mortgage loans and consumer credit. Complementary acquisitions are also in consideration for Banco CTT to reduce time-to-market and to profitability.

In January 2018 a draft the decision published on quality of service requirements indicated that a set of much more demanding requirements is likely to be introduced, although the exact level and the corresponding negative impact of complying with those on CTT's operating cost base are still unclear.

Balance sheet optimisation measures, such as optimisation of working capital and sale of non-core assets will continue as announced in the operational transformation plan, with slight estimated positive contribution to CTT's earnings and cash flow.

7. PROPOSAL FOR THE APPROPRIATION OF RESULTS

Under the terms of article 23 of the Articles of Association of CTT - Correios de Portugal, S.A. ("CTT" or "Company"), the annual net profit, duly approved, will be appropriated as follows:

  • a) a minimum of 5% will be transferred to the legal reserve, until the required amount is reached;
  • b) a percentage will be distributed to the shareholders as dividends and as decided by the General Meeting;
  • c) the remaining amount will be appropriated as deliberated by the General Meeting in the interest of the Company.

Under the terms of article 295(1) of the Portuguese Companies Code ("PCC"), a minimum of 5% is intended for the constitution of the legal reserve and, if necessary, its reintegration until this reserve reaches 20% of the share capital. As the share capital is €75,000,000.00, 20% is calculated at € 15,000,000.00, whereby the legal reserve as at 31 December 2017 corresponds to the minimum amount required by the Articles of Association and the PCC.

Pursuant to article 294(1) of the PCC, save for another bylaw provision or a resolution passed with a majority of 3/4 of the votes corresponding to the share capital in a General Meeting called for that purpose, half of the financial year's distributable profits must be distributed to shareholders, as set out by law. CTT's Articles of Association contain no provision contrary to the referenced legal provision.

Distributable profits are the financial year's net profit after the constitution or increase of the legal reserve and after negative retained earnings have been covered, if applicable. As at 31 December 2017, the legal reserve is fully constituted and retained earnings are positive. For the financial year ended 31 December 2017, net profit for the year in the individual accounts amounted to €27,263,244.00.

Given the accounting rules in force, an amount of €1,702,843.00 is already reflected in the stated net profit regarding profit sharing with CTT employees.

Accordingly and in compliance with the provisions applicable under the law and the Articles of Association, the Board of Directors proposes that:

  • a) the net profit for the 2017 financial year, totalling €27,263,244.00, as per the individual financial statements, is allocated as follows: Dividends*………………………………………………………… €27,263,244.00;
  • b) an amount of €14,364,534.00 that is booked as Retained Earnings is appropriated in the form of dividends*;
  • c) an amount of €15,372,222.00 that is booked as Free Reserves is appropriated in the form of dividends*.
  • d) a maximum amount of €1,702,843.00 (already considered in the individual financial statements) is allocated to CTT employees (not including any of the members of the Board of Directors of CTT) as bonuses.

* distribution of €57,000,000.00 in dividends, which corresponds to €0.38 per share.

Lisbon, 7 March 2018

The Board of Directors,

8. DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

For the purposes of article 245(1)(c) of the Portuguese Securities Code, the members of the Board of Directors of CTT - Correios de Portugal, S.A. ("CTT") hereby declare that, to the best of their knowledge, the management report, the annual individual and consolidated accounts, the legal certification of accounts and other accounting documents i) were prepared in compliance with the applicable accounting standards, providing a true and fair view of the assets and liabilities, the financial position and the results of CTT and of the companies included in its consolidation perimeter, ii) faithfully describe the business evolution, the performance and position of CTT and of the companies included in the consolidation perimeter, and iii) contain a description of the major risks faced by CTT in its activity.

Lisbon, 7 March 2018

The Board of Directors

The (non-executive) Chairman of the Board of Directors

António Sarmento Gomes Mota

The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) & Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors

Francisco José Queiroz de Barros de Lacerda

The Member of the Board of Directors and of the Executive Committee

Dionizia Maria Ribeiro Farinha Ferreira

The (non-executive) Member of the Board of Directors and of the Audit Committee

Nuno de Carvalho Fernandes Thomaz

The (non-executive) Member of the Board of Directors

José Manuel Baptista Fino

The (non-executive) Member of the Board of Directors

Céline Dora Judith Abecassis-Moedas

The Member of the Board of Directors and of the Executive Committee

António Pedro Ferreira Vaz Silva

The Member of the Board of Directors and of the Executive Committee

Francisco Maria da Costa de Sousa de Macedo Simão

The (non-executive) Member of the Board of Directors

João Afonso Ramalho Sopas Pereira Bento

The (non-executive) Member of the Board of Directors and Chairwoman of the Audit Committee

Maria Luísa Coutinho Ferreira Leite Castro Anacoreta Correia

The (non-executive) Member of the Board of Directors and of the Audit Committee

Maria Belén Amatriain Corbi

The (non-executive) Member of the Board of Directors

Rafael Caldeira de Castel-Branco Valverde

The Member of the Board of Directors and of the Executive Committee

Guy Patrick Guimarães de Goyri Pacheco

(SIGNED ON THE ORIGINAL)

PART II – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Consolidated and individual financial statements

CTT-CORREIOS DE PORTUGAL, S.A.

CONSOLIDATED AND INDIVIDUAL STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 AND 31 DECEMBER 2016

Euros

Group Company
NOTES 31.12.2017 31.12.2016 31.12.2017 31.12.2016
ASSETS
Non-current assets
Tangible fixed assets 5 199,855,908 208,921,781 183,397,373 192,866,766
Investment properties 7 6,164,849 9,291,983 6,164,849 9,291,983
Intangible assets 6 47,501,684 38,916,723 19,789,332 14,803,744
Goodwill 9 9,523,180 7,700,739 - -
Investments in subsidiary companies 10 - - 124,181,057 102,976,700
Investments in associated companies
Other investments
11
13
296,260
1,503,572
296,260
1,503,572
295,779
1,503,572
295,779
1,503,572
Investments held to maturity 14 245,827,759 93,986,115 - -
Shareholders 51 - - 2,658,000 5,125,000
Other non-current assets 24 1,375,223 1,306,148 1,092,403 1,110,991
Credit to bank clients 20 64,263,948 - - -
Financial assets available for sale 15 3,175,180 4,473,614 - -
Other banking financial assets 16 11,831,122 - - -
Deferred tax assets 50 87,155,739 86,220,762 86,007,545 85,578,604
Total non-current assets 678,474,423 452,617,698 425,089,910 413,553,139
Current assets
Inventories 18 5,696,996 5,407,685 5,022,455 4,721,728
Accounts receivable 19 132,480,130 122,113,270 95,987,068 94,323,683
Credit to bank clients 20 15,083,442 7,103,905 - -
Shareholders 51 - - 3,755,511 3,722,399
Income taxes receivable 37 1,552,005 3,587,614 1,564,777 3,569,641
Deferrals 21 6,600,115 6,128,931 5,111,904 4,937,995
Investments held to maturity 14 15,721,373 1,108,428 - -
Other current assets 24 32,338,234 30,033,571 27,922,910 27,784,833
Financial assets available for sale 15 2,576,194 1,973,711 - -
Other banking financial assets 16 91,417,084 59,054,303 - -
Cash and cash equivalents 23 626,825,397 618,811,099 376,590,733 475,068,122
930,290,969 855,322,515 515,955,358 614,128,399
Non-current assets held for sale 22 - 8,756,999 - 8,756,999
Total current assets 930,290,969 864,079,515 515,955,358 622,885,398
Total assets 1,608,765,392 1,316,697,213 941,045,268 1,036,438,537
EQUITY AND LIABILITIES
Equity
Share capital 26 75,000,000 75,000,000 75,000,000 75,000,000
Own shares 27 (8) (5,097,536) (8) (5,097,536)
Reserves 27 79,947,883 34,891,671 79,897,560 34,878,197
Retained earnings 27 34,268,089 93,589,211 34,336,935 93,602,685
Other changes in equity 27 (32,634,996) (27,137,824) (32,653,520) (27,137,824)
Net profit 27,263,244 62,160,395 27,263,244 62,160,395
Equity attributable to equity holders 183,844,211 233,405,918 183,844,211 233,405,918
Non-controlling interests 30 146,738 (79,135) - -
Total equity 183,990,949 233,326,782 183,844,211 233,405,918
Liabilities
Non-current liabilities
Accounts payable 34 - 375,379 - 375,379
Medium and long term debt 31 73,689 127,145 - -
Employee benefits 32 252,919,533 250,445,608 252,595,578 250,445,608
Provisions 33 26,028,332 14,127,483 29,550,059 20,327,302
Deferrals 21 316,892 334,191 316,892 328,093
Deferred tax liabilities 50 3,399,121 4,123,146 3,368,115 4,086,530
Total non-current liabilities 282,737,567 269,532,952 285,830,644 275,562,913
Current liabilities - - - -
Accounts payable 34 384,533,294 444,863,700 361,001,085 426,559,977
Banking clients' deposits and other loans 35 619,229,680 253,944,840 - -
Shareholders 51 - - 12,821,447 7,341,360
Employee benefits 32 17,100,808 17,390,573 17,069,013 17,390,573
Short term debt 31 10,304,390 9,679,829 - 724,749
Deferrals 21 1,432,696 4,177,609 1,425,534 4,169,848
Other current liabilities 36 91,553,848 82,562,725 79,053,334 71,283,201
Other banking financial liabilities 16 17,882,160 1,218,205 - -
Total current liabilities 1,142,036,875 813,837,479 471,370,413 527,469,707
Total liabilities 1,424,774,442 1,083,370,431 757,201,057 803,032,619
Total equity and liabilities 1,608,765,392 1,316,697,213 941,045,268 1,036,438,537
Euros Group Company
Twelve months ended Three months ended Twelve months ended Three months ended
NOTES 31.12.2017 31.12.2016 31.12.2017 31.12.2016 31.12.2017 31.12.2016 31.12.2017 31.12.2016
Revenues 714,277,808 696,821,564 196,296,866 177,995,598 583,908,852 581,972,346 158,676,975 145,777,234
Sales and services rendered 4/40 676,007,522 669,668,571 174,738,334 172,407,094 523,146,929 531,057,316 131,770,987 134,466,373
Financial margin 41 3,389,566 26,051 1,286,975 57,443 - - - -
Other operating income 42 34,880,720 27,126,942 20,271,557 5,531,061 60,761,923 50,915,030 26,905,988 11,310,861
Operating costs (667,184,555) (605,938,692) (185,524,160) (157,474,393) (511,177,014) (479,459,501) (142,078,930) (123,541,799)
Cost of sales 18 (12,765,389) (13,906,199) (4,516,990) (3,644,134) (9,786,292) (10,974,792) (3,676,801) (2,778,799)
External supplies and services 43 (251,481,693) (232,037,064) (69,322,584) (61,967,575) (151,248,904) (147,577,382) (40,298,117) (38,080,515)
Staff costs 45 (354,739,819) (338,387,481) (97,239,677) (91,027,468) (313,470,667) (301,774,716) (86,775,925) (81,609,379)
Impairment of accounts receivable, net 46 (1,098,235) (45,623) (164,418) 19,735 (48,025) 547,695 (107,413) 182,638
Impairment of non-depreciable assets, net 9 (1,133,312) - (1,133,312) - (1,133,312) (2,402,186) (1,133,312) -
Impairment of other financial banking assets, net 46 (117,234) - (117,234) - - - - -
Provisions, net 33 (1,025,880) 16,343,680 (1,784,786) 8,877,961 (997,450) 13,805,988 (1,844,061) 6,738,555
Depreciation/amortisation and impairment of investments, net 47 (30,670,452) (27,468,094) (7,915,390) (7,562,231) (23,135,944) (22,479,167) (5,864,218) (6,148,896)
Other operating costs 48 (14,152,541) (10,437,910) (3,329,769) (2,170,681) (11,356,420) (8,604,940) (2,379,083) (1,845,404)
Earnings before financial income and taxes 47,093,253 90,882,873 10,772,706 20,521,205 72,731,838 102,512,845 16,598,045 22,235,435
Financial results (5,000,539) (5,638,167) (1,276,689) (1,658,727) (27,257,136) (16,612,738) (6,272,429) (3,691,998)
Interest expenses 49 (5,381,464) (6,540,106) (1,354,556) (1,737,672) (5,293,890) (6,466,598) (1,324,962) (1,718,438)
Interest income 49 380,925 671,599 77,867 78,945 444,227 733,475 93,897 95,628
Gains/losses in associated companies 10/11/12 - 230,340 - - (22,407,472) (10,879,615) (5,041,363) (2,069,188)
Earnings before taxes 42,092,714 85,244,706 9,496,017 18,862,478 45,474,702 85,900,107 10,325,616 18,543,437
Income tax for the period 50 (14,977,391) (23,347,639) (1,752,715) (2,761,819) (18,211,458) (23,739,712) (2,571,939) (2,417,717)
Net profit for the period 27,115,323 61,897,067 7,743,302 16,100,659 27,263,244 62,160,395 7,753,677 16,125,720
Net profit for the period attributable to:
Equity holders 27,263,244 62,160,395 7,753,677 16,125,720
Non-controlling interests 30 (147,921) (263,328) (10,375) (25,061)
Earnings per share: 29 0.18 0.42 0.05 0.11 0.18 0.42 0.05 0.11

CTT-CORREIOS DE PORTUGAL, S.A.

CONSOLIDATED AND INDIVIDUAL INCOME STATEMENT FOR THE TWELVE MONTH PERIODS ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 AND 31 DECEMBER 2016

Euros CONSOLIDATED AND INDIVIDUAL STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE TWELVE MONTH PERIODS ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 AND 31 DECEMBER 2016

Group Company
Twelve months ended Three months ended Twelve months ended Three months ended
NOTES 31.12.2017 31.12.2016 31.12.2017 31.12.2016 31.12.2017 31.12.2016 31.12.2017 31.12.2016
Net profit for the period 27,115,323 61,897,067 7,743,301 16,100,659 27,263,244 62,160,395 7,753,677 16,125,720
Adjustments from application of the equity method (non re-classifiable adjustment to profit and
loss)
27 18,482 19,820 2,308 19,820 73,855 19,820 18,373 19,820
Changes to fair value reserves 27 36,849 14,014 (2,458) 3,820 - - - -
Employee benefits (non re-classifiable adjustment to profit and loss) 27/32 (7,579,217) (11,827,990) (7,579,217) (11,827,990) (7,603,118) (11,827,990) (7,603,118) (11,827,990)
Deferred tax/Employee benefits (non re-classifiable adjustment to profit and loss) 27/50 2,082,045 3,334,998 2,082,045 3,334,998 2,087,423 3,334,998 2,087,423 3,334,998
Other changes in equity 27/30 6,775 49,777 1,497 (24,738) - 54,380 - (18,459)
Other comprehensive income for the period after taxes (5,435,066) (8,409,381) (5,495,826) (8,494,090) (5,441,841) (8,418,792) (5,497,322) (8,491,631)
Comprehensive income for the period 21,680,257 53,487,686 2,247,476 7,606,569 21,821,403 53,741,603 2,256,355 7,634,089
Attributable to non-controlling interests (141,146) (254,457) (8,879) (27,519)
Attributable to shareholders of CTT 21,821,403 53,742,143 2,256,354 7,634,089
÷
tt
NOTES Share capital Own Shares Reserves Other changes in
equity
Retained earnings Net profit for the year Non-controlling
interests
Total
Balance on 1 January 2016 75,000,000 (1,873,125) 33,384,112 (18,644,832) 91,727,994 72,065,283 175,322 251,834,754
Appropriation of net profit for the year of 2015
Acquisition of own shares
Dividends
28/30
27
-
-
-
-
-
(3,224,411)
-
-
-
-
-
-
72,065,283
(70,264,792)
-
(72,065,283)
-
-
-
-
-
(70,264,792)
(3,224,411)
-
Share plan 27/30 -
-
-
(3,224,411)
1,493,546
1,493,546
-
-
1,800,491
-
-
(72,065,283)
-
-
1,493,546
(71,995,658)
Actuarial gains/losses - Health Care, net from deferred taxes
Adjustments from the application of the equity method
Changes to fair value reserves
Net profit for the period
Other movements
27/30
27
27
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14,014
-
-
-
(8,492,992)
-
-
-
40,906
-
-
19,820
62,160,395
-
-
-
-
8,871
-
-
-
(263,328)
49,777
61,897,067
(8,492,992)
14,014
19,820
Comprehensive income for the period
Balance on 31 December 2016
75,000,000
-
-
(5,097,536)
34,891,671
14,014
(8,492,992)
(27,137,824)
93,589,211
60,726
62,160,395
62,160,395
(254,457)
(79,135)
233,326,782
53,487,686
Balance on 1 January 2017 75,000,000 (5,097,536) 34,891,671 (27,137,824) 93,589,211 62,160,395 (79,135) 233,326,782
Appropriation of net profit for the year of 2016
Attribution of own shares
Share capital decrease
Share capital increase
Dividends
28/30
27
27
27
49,500,000
(49,500,000)
-
-
-
5,097,527
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(4,480,638)
49,500,000
-
-
-
-
-
62,160,395
(49,500,000)
-
(72,000,000)
-
-
-
(62,160,395)
-
-
367,020
-
-
-
-
(72,000,000)
367,020
-
-
616,890
- 5,097,527 45,019,362 - (59,339,605) (62,160,395) 367,020 (71,016,090)
Actuarial gains/losses - Health Care, net from deferred taxes
Changes to fair value reserves
Other movements
27/30
27
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
36,849
-
(5,497,172)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
6,775
-
-
6,775
(5,497,172)
36,849
Adjustments from the application of the equity method
Comprehensive income for the period
Net profit for the period
27 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
36,849
-
-
(5,497,172)
18,482
18,482
-
27,263,244
27,263,244
-
-
(147,921)
(141,146)
21,680,257
18,482
27,115,323
Balance on 31 December 2017 75,000,000 (8) 79,947,883 (32,634,996) 34,268,089 27,263,244 146,738 183,990,949

CTT-CORREIOS DE PORTUGAL, S.A.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 AND 31 DECEMBER 2016

Euros

. . tt
CTT-CORREIOS DE PORTUGAL, S.A.
INDIVIDUAL STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2017 AND 31 DECEMBER 2016
Euros
NOTES Share capital Own Shares Reserves Other changes in
equity
Retained earnings Net profit for the year Total
Balance on 1 January 2016 75,000,000 (1,873,125) 33,384,652 (18,644,832) 91,727,994 72,065,283 251,659,972
Appropriation of net profit for the year of 2015
Acquisition of own shares
Share plan
Dividends
28
27
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
(3,224,411)
-
1,493,545
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
72,065,283
(70,264,792)
-
-
(72,065,283)
-
-
-
1,493,545
-
(70,264,792)
(3,224,411)
- (3,224,411) 1,493,545 - 1,800,491 (72,065,283) (71,995,658)
Actuarial gains/losses - Health Care, net from deferred taxes
Other movements
27
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(8,492,992)
54,380
-
-
-
54,380
(8,492,992)
Adjustments from the application of the equity method
Net profit for the period
27 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19,820
-
62,160,395
-
62,160,395
19,820
Comprehensive income for the period
Balance on 31 December 2016
-
75,000,000
-
(5,097,536)
34,878,197
-
(8,492,992)
(27,137,824)
74,200
93,602,685
62,160,395
62,160,395
53,741,603
233,405,918
Balance on 1 January 2017 75,000,000 (5,097,536) 34,878,197 (27,137,824) 93,602,685 62,160,395 233,405,918
Share capital decrease
Share capital increase
27
27
(49,500,000)
49,500,000
-
-
-
49,500,000
-
-
(49,500,000)
-
-
-
-
-
Appropriation of net profit for the year of 2016
Dividends
28 -
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
62,160,395
(72,000,000)
(62,160,395)
-
-
(72,000,000)
Acquisition of own shares
Disposal of own shares
27
27
-
-
5,097,527
-
-
(4,480,638)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
616,890
(0) 5,097,527 45,019,363 - (59,339,605) (62,160,395) (71,383,110)
Other movements 27 - - - - - - -
Actuarial gains/losses - Health Care, net from deferred taxes
Changes to fair value reserves
27
27
-
-
-
-
-
-
(5,515,695)
-
-
-
-
-
(5,515,695)
-
Adjustments from the application of the equity method 27 - - - - 73,855 - 73,855
Comprehensive income for the period
Net profit for the period
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
(5,515,695)
73,855
-
27,263,244
27,263,244
21,821,403
27,263,244
Balance on 31 December 2017 75,000,000 (8) 79,897,560 (32,653,520) 34,336,935 27,263,244 183,844,210

CTT-CORREIOS DE PORTUGAL, S.A.

CONSOLIDATED AND INDIVIDUAL CASH FLOW STATEMENT FOR THE TWELVE MONTH PERIODS ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2017 AND 31 DECEMBER 2016 Euro

Group Company
NOTES 31.12.2017 31.12.2016 31.12.2017 31.12.2016
Cash flow from operating activities
Collections from customers 655,317,131 635,704,808 536,059,315 528,435,377
Payments to suppliers (246,570,916) (248,660,942) (147,060,663) (162,807,260)
Payments to employees (324,501,764) (320,864,833) (283,736,046) (286,160,731)
Banking customer deposits and other loans 365,387,763 253,545,420 - -
Credit to bank clients (71,995,568) (7,103,546) - -
Cash flow generated by operations 377,636,646 312,620,906 105,262,605 79,467,386
Payments/receivables of income taxes
Other receivables/payments
(14,010,391)
(72,549,019)
(29,664,480)
(14,738,983)
(10,579,526)
(84,363,267)
(25,009,386)
(13,506,804)
Cash flow from operating activities (1)
291,077,236 268,217,444 10,319,812 40,951,196
Cash flow from investing activities
Receivables resulting from:
Tangible fixed assets - 239,510 - 239,510
Investment properties 4,057,971 4,944,750 4,057,971 4,944,750
Non-current assets held for sale 22,500,000 2,500,000 22,500,000 2,500,000
Financial assets available for sale 24,470,000 28,916,956 - -
Investments held to maturity 4,547,673 19,579,730 - -
Other banking financial assets 139,035,000 136,480,000 - -
Interest income 583,657 994,839 499,715 858,239
Dividends - - 7,348,350 7,930,641
Loans granted - - 2,250,000 9,649,364
Payments resulting from:
Tangible fixed assets (20,696,380) (13,347,974) (16,044,112) (10,680,428)
Intangible assets (10,522,634) (16,165,688) (4,285,698) (5,428,345)
Financial investments (1,728,091) - (47,234,500) (52,726,000)
Financial assets available for sale (23,933,418) (35,421,240) - -
Investments held to maturity (167,577,821) (115,350,055) - -
Demand deposits at Bank of Portugal (28,963,648) (3,792,333) - -
Other banking financial assets (182,205,000) (195,180,000) - -
Loans granted Cash flow from investing activities (2) -
(240,432,691)
-
(185,601,505)
(4,798,000)
(35,706,274)
(8,024,364)
(50,736,632)
Cash flow from financing activities
Receivables resulting from:
Loans obtained 9,274,084 8,343,271 - -
Payments resulting from:
Loans repaid (7,646,409) (5,480,000) - -
Interest expenses (547,800) (805,675) (366,178) (736,893)
Finance leases (1,027,115) (988,800) (724,749) (463,064)
Acquisition of own shares 27 - (3,224,411) - (3,224,411)
Dividends 28 (72,000,000) (70,264,792) (72,000,000) (70,264,792)
Cash flow from financing activities (3) (71,947,240) (72,420,408) (73,090,927) (74,689,161)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents (1+2+3) (21,302,695) 10,195,531 (98,477,389) (84,474,597)
Changes in the consolidation perimeter 134,862 - - -
Cash and equivalents at the beginning of the period 613,845,248 603,649,717 475,068,122 559,542,719
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period 23 592,677,416 613,845,248 376,590,733 475,068,122
Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period 592,677,416 613,845,248
Sight deposits at Bank of Portugal 32,755,981 3,792,334
Outstanding checks of Banco CTT / Checks clearing of Banco CTT 1,392,000 1,173,518
Cash and cash equivalents (Balance sheet) 626,825,397 618,811,099
1. INTRODUCTION 88
1.1-CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A. (parent company) 88
1.2-Business 89
2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 90
2.1 Basis of presentation 90
2.1.1
New standards or amendments adopted by the Group and the Company 91
2.1.2
New standards, amendments and interpretations issued, but without effective application to
the years starting on 1 January 2017 or not early adopted 91
2.1.2.1
The Group and the Company decided to opt for not having an early application of the
following standards and/or interpretations endorsed by the EU: 91
2.1.2.2
Standards, amendments and interpretations issued that are not yet effective for the Group
and the Company: 97
2.2 Consolidation principles 98
2.3 Segment reporting 99
2.4 Transactions and balances in foreign currency 99
2.5 Tangible fixed assets 100
2.6 Intangible assets 101
2.7 Investment properties 101
2.8 Impairment of tangible fixed assets and intangible assets, except goodwill 102
2.9 Goodwill 102
2.10
Concentration of corporate activities 103
2.11
Financial assets 104
2.11.1
Classification 104
2.11.2
Recognition and measurement 105
2.12
Equity 106
2.13
Financial liabilities 106
2.14
Offsetting financial instruments 106
2.15
Impairment of financial assets 106
2.16
Inventories 107
2.17
Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations 107
2.18
Distribution of dividends 108
2.19
Employee benefits 108
2.20
Share-based payments 111
2.21
Provisions and contingent liabilities 111
2.22
Revenue 113
2.23 Subsidies obtained 114
2.24 Leases 114
2.25 Borrowing costs 115
2.26 Taxes 115
2.27 Accrual basis 116
2.28 Judgements and estimates 116
2.29 Cash Flow Statement 117
2.30 Subsequent events 117
3. CHANGES TO ACCOUNTING POLICIES, ERRORS AND ESTIMATES 117
4. SEGMENT REPORTING 118
5. TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS 122
6. INTANGIBLE ASSETS 124
7. INVESTMENT PROPERTIES 127
8. COMPANIES INCLUDED IN THE CONSOLIDATION 128
9. GOODWILL 130
10. INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES 133
11. INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATED COMPANIES 134
12. INVESTMENTS IN JOINT VENTURES 135
13. OTHER INVESTMENTS 136
14. INVESTMENTS HELD TO MATURITY 136
15. FINANCIAL ASSETS AVAILABLE FOR SALE 137
16. OTHER BANKING FINANCIAL ASSETS 138
17. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT 139
18. INVENTORIES 145
19. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE 146
20. CREDIT TO BANKING CLIENTS 148
21. DEFERRALS 149
22. NON-CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS 150
23. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 151
24. OTHER NON-CURRENT AND CURRENT ASSETS 151
25. ACCUMULATED IMPAIRMENT LOSSES 152
26. EQUITY 154
27. OWN SHARES, RESERVES, OTHER CHANGES IN EQUITY AND RETAINED EARNINGS 156
28. DIVIDENDS 159
29. EARNINGS PER SHARE 159
30. NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS 160
31. DEBT 160
32. EMPLOYEE BENEFITS 162
33. PROVISIONS, GUARANTEES PROVIDED, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND COMMITMENTS 168
34. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE 172
35. BANKING CLIENTS' DEPOSITS AND OTHER LOANS 173
36. OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES 174
37. INCOME TAXES RECEIVABLE /PAYABLE 174
38. FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES 175
39. SUBSIDIES OBTAINED 176
40. SALES AND SERVICES RENDERED 177
41. FINANCIAL MARGIN 177
42. OTHER OPERATING INCOME 177
43. EXTERNAL SUPPLIES AND SERVICES 178
44. OPERATING LEASES 179
45. STAFF COSTS 180
46. IMPAIRMENT OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND IMPAIRMENT OF OTHER FINANCIAL
BANKING ASSETS 182
47. DEPRECIATION/ AMORTISATION (LOSSES/REVERSALS) 183
48. OTHER OPERATING COSTS 183
49. INTEREST EXPENSES AND INTEREST INCOME 183
50. INCOME TAX FOR THE PERIOD 184
51. RELATED PARTIES 187
52. FEES AND SERVICES OF THE EXTERNAL AUDITORS 189
53. INFORMATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS 189
54. PROVISION OF INSURANCE MEDIATION SERVICE 190
55. OTHER INFORMATION 191
56. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS 192

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1- CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A. (parent company)

CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A. – Sociedade Aberta ("CTT" or "Company"), with head office at Avenida D. João II, no. 13, 1999-001 in Lisbon, had its origin in the "Administração Geral dos Correios Telégrafos e Telefones" government department and its legal form is the result of successive reorganizations carried out by the Portuguese state business sector in the communications area.

Decree-Law no. 49.368 of 10 November 1969 founded the state-owned company CTT - Correios e Telecomunicações de Portugal, E. P., which started operating on 1 January 1970. By Decree-Law no. 87/92, of 14 May, CTT – Correios e Telecomunicações de Portugal, E. P., was transformed into a legal entity governed by private law, with the status of a state-owned public limited company. Finally, with the foundation of the former Telecom Portugal, S.A. by spin-off from Correios e Telecomunicações de Portugal, S.A. under Decree-Law 277/92 of 15 December, the Company's name was changed to the current CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A..

On 31 January 2013 the Portuguese State through the Order 2468/12 – SETF, of 28 December, determined the transfer of the investment owned by the Portuguese State in CTT to Parpública – Participações Públicas, SGPS, S.A..

At the General Meeting held on 30 October 2013, the registered capital of CTT was reduced to 75,000,000 Euros, being from that date onward represented by 150,000,000 shares, as a result of a stock split which was accomplished through the reduction of the nominal value from 4.99 Euros to 0.50 Euros.

During 2013, CTT's capital was opened to the private sector. Supported by Decree-Law no. 129/2013 of 6 September and the Resolution of the Council of Ministers ("RCM") no. 62-A/2013, of October 10, the RCM no. 62-B/2013, of 1 0 October and RCM no. 72-B/2013, of 14 November, the first phase of privatisation of the capital of CTT took place on 5 December 2013. From this date, 63.64% of the shares of CTT (95.5 million shares) were owned by the private sector, of which 14% (21 million shares) were sold in a Public Offering and 49.64% (74.5 million shares) by Institutional Direct Selling. On 31 December 2013 the Portuguese State, through Parpública - Participações Públicas, SGPS, S.A. held 36.36% of the shares of CTT, 30.00% by detention and 6.36% by allocation.

On 5 September 2014, the second phase of the privatisation of CTT took place. The shares held by Parpública - Participações Públicas, SGPS, S.A., which on that date represented 31.503% of CTT's capital, were subject to a private offering of Shares ("Equity Offering") via an accelerated book building process. The Equity Offering was addressed exclusively to institutional investors.

The shares of CTT are listed on Euronext Lisbon.

The financial statements attached herewith are expressed in Euros, as this is the functional currency of the Group and the Company.

These financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 7 March 2018.

1.2- Business

The main activity of CTT and its subsidiaries ("CTT Group" or "Group"): CTT - Expresso – Serviços Postais e Logística, S.A., Payshop (Portugal), S.A., CTT Contacto, S.A., Mailtec Comunicação, S.A., Corre – Correio Expresso de Moçambique, S.A., Banco CTT, S.A., Escrita Inteligente, S.A., Transporta – Transportes Porta a Porta, S.A. and Tourline Express Mensajería, SLU and its subsidiaries, is to ensure the provision of universal postal services, to render postal services and financial services. During 2015, within the scope of its financial services, CTT Group extended the scope of its activity with the establishment of Banco CTT, S.A., whose main activity is performing banking activities, including all the accessory, connected and similar operations compatible with the banking activity and allowed by law. The CTT Group also provides complementary services, such as the marketing of goods or provision of services on its own account or on behalf of third parties, provided that they are related with the normal operations of the public postal network, namely, the provision of information services, electronic communication networks and services, in which the Group acts as a Mobile Virtual Network Operator ("MVNO"), and the provision of public interest or general interest services.

The postal service is provided by CTT under the Concession contract of the Universal Postal Service signed on 1 September 2000 between the Portuguese State and CTT. In addition to the concessioned services, CTT can provide other postal services as well as develop other activities, particularly those which enable the use of the universal service network in a profitable manner, either directly or through incorporation or interests in companies or other forms of cooperation between companies. Within these activities it should be highlighted the provision of services of public interest or general interest subject to conditions to be agreed with the State.

Following the amendments introduced by Directive 2008/6/EC of 20 February 2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council to the regulatory framework that governs the provision of postal services, in 2012 the transposition into the national legal order took place through the adoption of Law no. 17/2012, of 26 April ( "new Postal Law" ), with the changes introduced in 2013 by Decree-Law no. 160/2013, of 19 November and by Law no. 16/2014, of 4 April, revoking the Law no. 102/99, of 26 July.

The new Postal Law establishes the legal regime for the provision of postal services in full competition in the national territory, as well as international services originating or terminating in the country.

Since the new Postal Law has become effective, the postal market in Portugal has been fully open to competition, eliminating areas within the universal service that were still reserved to the provider of the universal postal service, CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A.. However, for reasons of general interest, the following activities and services remained reserved: placement of mailboxes on public roads for the acceptance of mail, issuance and sale of postage stamps with the word "Portugal" and registered mail used in legal or administrative proceedings.

According to the new Postal Law the universal postal service includes the following services, of national and international scope:

  • A postal service for letter mail (excluding direct mail), books, catalogues, newspapers and other periodicals up to 2 kg;
  • A postal service for postal parcels up to 10 kg, as well as delivery in the country of parcels received from other Member States of the European Union weighing up to 20kg; and
  • A delivery service for registered items and a service for insured items.

As a result of the new Postal Law, the Portuguese Government has revised the basis of the concession, through the publication of Decree-Law no. 160/2013, of 19 November, after which the

Fourth Amendment to the concession contract of the universal postal service came into effect on 31 December 2013.

The concession contract signed between the Portuguese State and CTT on 1 September 2000, subsequently amended on 1 October 2001, 9 September 2003, 26 July 2006 and 31 December 2013, covers:

  • The universal postal service as defined above;
  • The reserved services: (i) the right to place mailboxes on public roads for the acceptance of mail, (ii) the issuance and sale of postage stamps with the word "Portugal" and (iii) the service of registered mail used in legal or administrative proceedings;
  • The provision of special payment orders which allows the transference of funds electronically and physically, at national and international level, designated by postal money order service, on an exclusive basis; and
  • Electronic Mailbox Service, on a non-exclusive basis.

As the Universal Postal Service incumbent operator, CTT remains the provider of universal postal services until 2020, ensuring the exclusivity of the reserved activities and services mentioned above.

Once the concession ends, in the event that it is not renewed to CTT, CTT may provide, together with any other operators, all the postal services, in a system of free competition, in accordance with a strategic and commercial policy, excluding the services granted by concession on an exclusive basis.

In summary, considering the legal and regulatory framework in force, CTT considers that there are no grounds for the introduction of any relevant change to the accounting policies of the Group and the Company.

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The significant accounting policies adopted by the Group and the Company in the preparation of the consolidated and individual financial statements are those mentioned hereinafter.

2.1 Basis of presentation

The consolidated and individual financial statements were prepared under the assumption of going concern and are prepared under the historical cost convention, in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards, as adopted by the European Union as at 31 December 2017.

These standards include the IFRS issued by the International Accounting Standards Board ("IASB"), the IAS issued by the International Accounting Standards Committee ("IASC") and the respective interpretations – IFRIC and SIC, issued, respectively, by the International Financial Reporting Interpretation Committee ("IFRIC") and by the Standing Interpretation Committee ("SIC"). Hereinafter, these standards and interpretations are generally referred to as "IFRS".

In addition to the standards that became effective as of 1 January 2017, described in Note 2.1.1, and which are set out in the accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the consolidated and individual financial statements as at 31 December 2017 and described in Note 2.2 through Note 2.30, there are additional issued standards and interpretations, described in Note 2.1.2, which did not became mandatory in the year starting on 1 January 2017.

2.1.1 New standards or amendments adopted by the Group and the Company

The standards and amendments recently issued, already effective and adopted by the Group and the Company in the preparation of these financial statements, are as follows:

  • Amendments to IAS 12 On 19 January 2016, and applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2017, IASB issued amendments clarifying the requirements on recognition of deferred tax assets for unrealised losses, to address diversity in practice (endorsed by EU Commission Regulation 1989/2017, 6 November).
  • Amendments to IAS 7 Disclosure initiative On 29 January 2016, and applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2017, IASB issued amendments which require companies to provide information about changes in their financing liabilities in order to provide information that helps the investors to better understand changes in a company's debt (endorsed by EU Commission Regulation 1990/2017, 6th November).
  • Improvements to IFRS (2014-2016) The annual improvements cycle 2014-2016, issued by IASB on 8 December 2016, introduce amendment to IFRS 12 (clarification of the scope of the Standard), with effective date for annual periods beginning on or after, 1 July 2018.

The Group and the Company had no impact from the adoption of these amendments on its financial statements.

2.1.2 New standards, amendments and interpretations issued, but without effective application to the years starting on 1 January 2017 or not early adopted

2.1.2.1 The Group and the Company decided to opt for not having an early application

of the following standards and/or interpretations endorsed by the EU:

IFRS 9 Financial instruments (issued in 2009 and revised in 2010, 2013 and 2014) - IFRS 9 was endorsed by EU Commission Regulation 2067/2016, 22nd December 2016 (with an effective date of application for periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018).

IFRS 9 (2009) introduces new requirements for the classification and measurement of financial assets. IFRS 9 (2010) introduces additions relating to financial liabilities. IFRS 9 (2013) introduces the hedging requirements. IFRS 9 (2014) introduces limited amendments to the classification and measurement requirements of IFRS 9 and new requirements to address the impairment of financial assets.

New requirements of IFRS 9

The IFRS 9 (2009) requirements represent a significant change from the existing requirements in IAS 39 in respect of financial assets. The standard contains three measurement categories for financial assets: amortised, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVTOCI) and fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL). A financial asset would be measured at amortised cost if it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets in order to collect contractual cash flows, and the asset's contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest (SPPI) on the principal outstanding. If the debt instrument that are SPPI are held under a business model whose objective achieved both by collecting contractual cash flows and by selling, the measurement would be at fair value through other

comprehensive income (FVOCI), keeping the revenue form interest presenting in profit or loss.

For an investment in an equity instrument that is not held for trading, the standard permits an irrevocable election, on initial recognition, on an individual share-by-share basis, to present all fair value changes from the investment in OCI (FVOCI). Those amounts recognised in OCI would ever be reclassified to profit or loss at a later date. However, dividends on such investments would be recognised in profit or loss, rather than OCI, unless they clearly represent a partial recovery of the cost of the investment.

All other financial assets, either the financial assets held under a business model of trading, either other financial instruments who do not comply with SPPI criteria, would be measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL). T

In this situation, includes Investments in equity instruments in respect of which an entity does not elect to present fair value changes in OCI that would be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss (FVTPL).

The standard requires derivatives embedded in contracts with a host that is a financial asset in the scope of the standard not to be separated; instead, the hybrid financial instrument is assessed in its entirety, confirming that exist embedded derivatives, it should be measured at fair value through profit and loss (FVTPL).

The standard eliminates the existing IAS 39 categories of held-to-maturity, available-forsale and loans and receivables.

IFRS 9 (2010) introduces a new requirement in respect of financial liabilities designated under the fair value option to generally present fair value changes that are attributable to the liability's credit risk in OCI rather than in profit or loss. Apart from this change, IFRS 9 (2010) largely carries forward without substantive amendment the guidance on classification and measurement of financial liabilities from IAS 39.

IFRS 9 (2013) introduces new requirements for hedge accounting that align hedge accounting more closely with risk management. The requirements also establish a more principles-based approach to hedge accounting and address inconsistencies and weaknesses in the hedge accounting model in IAS 39.

IFRS 9 established a new impairment model base on "expected losses" that replace the current "incurred losses" in IAS 39. So, loss event will no longer need to occur before an impairment allowance is recognised. This new model will accelerate recognition of losses form impairment on debt instruments held that are measured at amortised cost or FVOCI.

If the credit risk of financial asset has not increased significantly since its initial recognition, the financial asset will attract a loss allowance equal to 12 month expected credit losses.

If its credit risk has increased significantly, it will attract an allowance equal to lifetime expected credit losses thereby increasing the amount of impairment recognised.

As soon as the loss event occur (what is current define as "objective evidence of impairment"), the impairment allowance would be allocated directly to financial asset affected, which provide the same accounting treatment, from that point, similar to the current IAS 39, including the treatment of interest revenue.

The mandatory effective date of IFRS 9 is 1 January 2018.

Adoption of IFRS 9 by Banco CTT

Classification and measurement

The Bank assessed its financial assets at the date of transition testing its adherence to the business model defined as well as the economic objective intended (SPPI - Solely Payments of Principal and Interest test). The Bank does not expect to have categories reclassification in comparison to the previous standard.

Impairment

The adoption of IFRS 9 represents a significant change on the methodology and calculation of impairments in banks.

Due to the absence of a past records, the Bank will support the calculation based on benchmarking of parameters making the needed adjustments in order to migrate from the vision of loss incurred to the vision of expected credit loss (ECL).

The analysis framework of credit risk is based on a model of individual and collective analysis. In the collective analysis, basically, the Bank will consider that the probability of default (PD) is constant over the instrument's life and apply in stage 2 a methodology of survival rate to calculate a PD of each period of life that it is multiplied for the Loss Given Default (LGD), in turn, it is a function of excepted exposure in each period and the existing collateral in the operation. Finally, the Bank updates the expected value of the all periods considered (12 months in stage 1, life time in stage 2 and 3).

In the individual analysis, the Bank will begin by evaluating the existence of objective evidence of impairment. If it does not exist, the credit losses are treated as stage 1. If there is objective evidence of impairment, the impairment losses are calculated by comparing the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate of each contract and the accounting value for each credit. The losses are recorded against profit or loss.

In the portfolio of securities and cash and cash equivalents and financial investments, the impairments are calculated by assigning i) a probability of default that derives from the rating of the issuer or counterparty, and ii) a Loss Given Default (LGD) that results from market parameters.

Impact on transition

The Group estimates that the impact of the transition to IFRS 9 at Banco CTT will be a negative impact on retained earnings by approximately € 650 thousand, net of deferred tax, as a result of the impairment recognised on financial assets on the balance sheet as at 31 December 2017.

The quantification of the impact of the implementation of IFRS 9 on 1 January 2018 is still preliminary and may change considering that the Bank continues to improve and validate the models and framework, being this work, and quantification of the impacts still underway. In addition, new accounting policies, assumptions, judgments and estimation techniques used are subject to changes that may occur until the Bank settles the financial statements for the year 2018.

Adoption of IFRS 9 by the remaining companies of the Group

Classification and measurement

The Group does not expect to have categories reclassification in comparison to the previous standard.

Impairment

Regarding the remaining companies, the Group will apply the simplified method and register expected credit losses until maturity for all account receivables. The expected credit losses were calculated based on past records of credit losses throughout the period considered statically relevant estimating the rate of expected losses by companies and customer typology. The historical losses incurred were adjusted in order to reflect the differences between the expected economic conditions and those of the historical period used.

Regarding the cash and equivalents and financial investments, the impairments are calculated by assigning: i) a probability of default that derives from the rating of the issuer or counterparty, and ii) a Loss Given Default (LGD) that results from market parameters.

Impact on transition

The expected preliminary impact at the remaining companies of the Group, is a decrease of retained earnings approximately by € 500 thousands at 1 January 2018 from the cash and equivalents and financial investments impairments and a decrease up to € 750 thousands from the additional impairment on account receivables. These values are net of deferred tax.

IFRS 15 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers - The IASB, issued on 28 May 2014, IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Costumers. IFRS 15 was endorsed by EU Commission Regulation 1905/2016, 22 September 2016. This standard revokes IAS 11 Construction Contracts, IAS 18 – Revenue, IFRIC 13 – Customer Loyalty Programmes, IFRIC 18 – Transfers of Assets from Customers and SIC 31 – Revenue- Barter Transactions Involving Advertising Services. The effective date of application for periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018.

The revenue recognition model according to IFRS 15 is based on five steps in order to determine when the revenue should be recognised and the amount:

(i) Identify the contract with a customer; (ii) Identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) Determine the transaction price; (iv) Allocate the transaction price; and (v) Recognise revenue.

According to the new model, the revenue recognition depends on whether the "performance obligations" are satisfied over the period or, on the contrary, the control of the goods or services is transferred to the customer at a given point in time. The revenue should be recognised for the amount that the company expects to receive.

At the date of the publication of these consolidated and individual financial statements, the Group has already carried out a preliminary measurement of the impacts of the application of IFRS 15, highlighting the following impacts:

a) Sales of philatelic and pre-paid products

The revenue is currently recognised when the philatelic and pre-paid products are sold. Under IFRS 15, the revenue should be recognised only when the performance obligation is satisfied, i.e., only at the moment of the effective utilisation of the products for mail delivery purposes. However, as some of these products have never been used by the clients, for example the philatelic products for stamps collection, the CTT performed a customer survey in order to obtain information regarding the use pattern of these products and, in this way, the percentage of the products that are not expected to be used. In these situations, the revenue should be recognised at the time of the sale. In the remaining situations, the adoption of the IFRS 15 implies the deferral of the revenue given the current policy.

b) Rendering of postal services

The revenue from the rendering of postal services (mail and parcels) is currently recognised when the customer requests the service in our retail network. According to IFRS 15, the revenue should be recognised only when the performance obligation is satisfied, i.e., only when the mail or parcel is delivered to the final customer. The adoption of the IFRS 15 implies the deferral of the revenue given the current policy.

The presentation and disclosure requirements in IFRS 15 are more detailed and extended implying a higher level of disclosures associated to the revenue recognition given the current procedures, namely, the judgments performed.

The Group decided to adopt IFRS 15 using the cumulative effect method ("modified retrospective approach"), with the effect of the initial application of this standard recognised at the date of initial application (i.e. 1 January 2018). As a result, the Group will not apply the requirements of IFRS 15 to the comparative period presented.

The estimated preliminary impact of the IFRS 15 adoption, net of deferred taxes, is a decrease on retained earnings at 1 January 2018 between € 500,000 to € 1,000,000.

IFRS 16 – Leases - IFRS 16 – Leases - The IASB, issued on 13 January 2016, IFRS 16 Leases, effective (with early application if applied at the same time IFRS 15) for annual periods beginning on or after 1 July 2019. This new standard replaces IAS 17 Leases.

IFRS 16 removes the classification of leases as either operating leases or finance leases (for the lessee—the lease customer), introducing a single, on-balance sheet lease accounting model for lessees.

The lessee should recognise all leases on-balance sheet at the beginning of the contract, recognising:

  • o A right-of-use (RoU) asset representing its right to use the underlying asset during the contract period;
  • o A lease liability representing its obligation to make lease payments until the end of the contract.

The adoption of IFRS 16 will also imply impacts on income statement considering that the depreciations of RoU and interest will be recognised separately instead of the current recognition of the leases as external supplies and services.

The lessee may opt for the non application of this standard for:

o Short-term leases (less than 12 months) which do not contain purchase option;

o Leases of low-value assets.

At the date of the publication of these consolidated and individual financial statements, the Group has already carried out an inventory of the existing lease contracts that might include right-of-use assets and is currently performing a technical analysis of these contracts considering the new standard IFRS 16. Additionally, the Group is evaluating the impacts of the application of the different transition options and the recognition of the exemptions established in IFRS 16. Therefore, it is not possible to quantify the impacts inherent to the adoption of this standard. The Group decided not to apply the early adoption of IFRS 16 on 1 January 2018.

2.1.2.2 Standards, amendments and interpretations issued that are not yet effective for the Group and the Company:

  • IFRS 14 Regulatory Deferral Accounts The IASB issued on 30 January 2014 a standard that defines interim measures for those adopting IFRS for the first time and has activity with regulated tariff. The European Commission has decided not to launch the endorsement process of this interim standard and to wait for the final standard. This standard is not applicable to the Group or Company.
  • IFRIC 22 Foreign Currency Translations and Advance Consideration It has been issued on 8 December 2016, IFRIC 22, effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018. This new IFRIC 22 defines that, has been an advance in foreign currency for an asset, expense or revenue, applying paragraphs 21-22 of IAS 21, the date of the transaction for the purpose of determining the exchange rate to use on initial recognition of the related asset, expense or income (or part of it) is the date on which an entity initially recognises the non-monetary asset or non-monetary liability arising from the payment or receipt of advance consideration in a foreign currency (or if there are multiple payments or receives, the foreign currency exist at each advance consideration date). The Group and Company do not expect a significant impact form this interpretation.
  • IFRIC 23 Uncertainty over Income Tax Treatment On June 7, 2017 was issued an interpretation on how to handle, in an accounting manner, uncertainties about the tax treatment of income taxes, especially when tax legislation requires that a payment be made to the Authorities in the context of a tax dispute and the entity intends to appeal to appeal a tax examination which resulted in a payment to a taxation authority The interpretation has determined that the payment can be considered as a tax asset, if it is related to income taxes, in accordance with IAS 12 applying the criterion of probability defined by the standard as to the favourable outcome in favour of the entity on the matter concerned. In this context, the entity may use the most likely amount method or, if the resolution can dictate ranges of values, use the expected value method. IFRIC 23 becomes effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2019, with earlier application permitted. The Group and Company do not expect a significant impact form this interpretation.

  • Other Amendments It was also issued by IASB:

  • o On 20 June 2016, and applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018, amendments to IFRS 2 on Classification and Measurement of Share-based Payment Transactions.
  • o On 8 December2016, and applicable for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018, amendments to IAS 40 on Transfers of Investment Property to clarify whether an entity should transfer property under construction or development to, or from, investment property when there is a change in the use of such property which is supported by evidence other than specifically listed in paragraph 57 of IAS 40.
  • o The annual improvements cycle 2014-2016, issued by IASB on 8 December 2016, introduce amendments, with effective date for annual periods beginning on or after, 1 July 2018, to the standards IFRS 1 (deletion of short-term exemption for first-time adopters) and IAS 28 (measuring an associate or joint venture at fair value).
  • o The annual improvements cycle 2015-2017, issued by IASB on 12 December 2017, introduce amendments, with effective date for annual periods beginning on or after, 1 January 2019, to the standards IFRS 3 (remeasure its previously held interest in a joint operation when it obtains control of the business), IFRS 11 (not remeasure its previously held interest in a joint operation when it obtains joint control of the business), IAS 12 (accounts for all income tax consequences of dividend payments in the same way), IAS 23 (treat as part of general borrowings any borrowing originally made to develop an asset when the asset is ready for its intended use or sale).

The Group and the Company expect no impact from the adoption of these amendments on their financial statements.

2.2 Consolidation principles

Investments in companies in which the Group holds the control, in other words, where the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee, were consolidated in these financial statements by the full consolidation method. The companies consolidated by the full consolidation method are shown in Note 8.

Equity and net profit for the period corresponding to third-party participation in subsidiaries are reflected separately in the consolidated balance sheet and consolidated income statement in the caption Non-controlling interests. The gains and losses attributable to non-controlling interests are allocated to them.

The assets and liabilities of each Group company are recorded at fair value as of the date of acquisition, as established in IFRS 3. Any excess of cost over the fair value of the net assets and liabilities acquired is recognised as goodwill. If the difference between the cost and the fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired is negative, it is recorded as income of the year.

Transaction costs directly attributable to business combinations are immediately recognised in profit and loss.

Non-controlling interests include the third parties portion of the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities as of the date of acquisition of the subsidiaries.

The results of subsidiaries acquired or sold during the year are included in the consolidated income statement from the date of acquisition up to the date of disposal.

Whenever necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of the subsidiaries to be in accordance with the Group's accounting policies. Transactions (including unrealised gains and losses on sales between Group companies), balances and dividends distributed between Group companies are eliminated in the consolidation process.

2.3 Segment reporting

The Group presents the operational segments based on internal management information.

In accordance with IFRS 8, an operating segment is a Group component:

  • (i) that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses;
  • (ii) whose operating results are reviewed regularly by the entity's chief operating decision maker in order to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and assess its performance; and
  • (iii) for which discrete financial information is available.

2.4 Transactions and balances in foreign currency

Transactions in foreign currency (a currency different from the Group and the Company functional currency) are recorded at the exchange rates in force on the transaction date. At each reporting date, the carrying values of the monetary items in foreign currency are updated at the exchange rates on that date. The carrying values of non-monetary items recorded at historical cost in foreign currency are not updated.

Favourable and unfavourable currency translation differences arising from the use of different exchange rates in force on the transaction dates and those in force on the recovery, payment or reporting dates are recognised in the profit or loss for the year.

The exchange rates used in the translation of the financial statements expressed in foreign currency are the closing exchange rates for assets and liabilities and the average exchange rate for the year for income and expenses.

The following exchange rates were used in the translation of the balances and financial statements in foreign currency:

2017 2016
Close Average Close Average
Mozambican Metical (MZM) 70.57000 71.51167 74.54000 69.82333
United States Dollar (USD) 1.19930 1.13703 1.05430 1.10661
Special Drawing Right (SDR) 1.18747 1.19554 1.27534 1.25621

Source: Bank of Portugal

2.5 Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets are recorded at their acquisition or production cost, minus accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, where applicable. The acquisition cost includes: (i) the purchase price of the asset, (ii) the expenses directly attributable to the purchase, and (iii) the estimated costs of dismantlement or removal of the asset and restoration of the location (Notes 2.20 and 33).

The depreciation of tangible assets, minus their residual estimated value, is calculated in accordance with the straight line method, from the month when the assets are available for use, over their useful lives, which are determined according to their expected economic utility. The depreciation rates that are applied correspond, on average, to the following estimated useful lives for the different categories of assets:

Years of useful life
Buildings and other constructions $10 - 50$
Basic equipment $4 - 10$
Transport equipment $4 - 7$
Tools and utensils 4
Office equipment $3 - 10$
Other tangible fixed assets $5 - 10$

Land is not depreciated.

Depreciation terminates when the assets are re-classified as held for sale.

On each reporting date, the Group and the Company assess whether there is any indication that an asset might be impaired. Whenever such indicators exist, the tangible fixed assets are subject to impairment tests, where any excess of the carrying value relative to the recoverable amount, should this exist, is recognised in the consolidated income statement. The recoverable amount corresponds to the highest amount between the fair value of an asset minus the costs of selling it and its value in use.

Tangible fixed assets in progress correspond to tangible assets that are still under construction/production, and are recorded at acquisition or production cost. These assets are depreciated from the month when they fulfil the necessary conditions to be used for their intended purpose.

Costs related to maintenance and repair of current nature are recorded as costs in the period these are incurred. Major repairs which lead to increased benefits or increased in expected useful lifes are recorded as tangible assets and depreciated at the rates corresponding to their expected useful life. Any replaced component is identified and written off.

The gain or loss arising from the disposal of tangible fixed assets is defined by the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying amount of the assets and is recorded in the consolidated income statement under the heading Other revenues and operating gains or Other operating costs and losses.

2.6 Intangible assets

Intangible assets are registered at acquisition cost, minus amortisation and impairment losses, when applicable. Intangible assets are only recognised when it is probable that they will result in future economic benefits for the Group and the Company, and they can be measured reliably.

Intangible assets are essentially composed of expenses related to patents, software (whenever this is separable from the hardware and associated to projects where the generation of future economic benefits is quantifiable), licenses and other user rights. Also included are expenses related to the development of R&D projects whenever the intention and technical capacity to complete this development is demonstrated, for the purpose of the projects being available for marketing or use. Research costs incurred in the search of new technical or scientific knowledge or aimed at the search of alternative solutions, are recognised through profit or loss when incurred.

Intangible assets are amortised through the straight line method, from the month when they are available for use, during their expected useful life, which varies between 3 and 20 years:

Years of useful life
Development projects 3
Industrial property $3 - 20$
Software $3 - 10$

The exceptions to the above are assets related to industrial property, which are amortised over the period of time during which their exclusive use takes place and intangible assets with indefinite useful life, which are not amortised, but, rather, are subject to impairment tests on an annual basis and whenever there is indication that they might be impaired.

The Group and the Company perform impairment reviews whenever events or circumstances may indicate that the book value of the asset exceeds its recoverable amount, any impairment being recognised in the consolidated income statement. The recoverable amount is the higher of net selling price and value in use, the latter being calculated by the present value of the estimated future cash flows obtained from continued use of the asset and its sale at the end of its useful life.

Gains or losses arising from the divestment of tangible fixed assets, determined by the difference between the sales proceeds and the respective carrying value on the date of the divestment, are included in the consolidated income statement under the heading Other operating revenues or Other operating costs.

2.7 Investment properties

Investment properties are properties (land or buildings) held by the Group and the Company to obtain rentals or for capital appreciation or both, rather than for:

a) use in the production or supply of goods or services or for administrative purposes, or

b) sale in the ordinary course of business.

Investment properties comprise mainly properties that the Group and the Company did not affect to the rendering of services and holds to earn rentals or for capital appreciation.

An Investment property is initially measured at its acquisition or production cost, including any transaction costs which are directly attributable to it. After their initial recognition, investment properties are measured at cost less any accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, when applicable.

The depreciation rates are between 10 and 50 years.

The Group and the Company ensure that an annual assessment of assets qualified as investment properties is carried out in order to determine any impairment and to disclose their fair value.

Costs incurred in relation to investment properties, namely with maintenance, repairs, insurance and property taxes are recognised as costs for the period in which they are incurred. Improvements which are expected to generate additional future economic benefits are capitalised.

2.8 Impairment of tangible fixed assets and intangible assets, except goodwill

The Group and the Company carry out impairment assessments of its tangible and intangible assets, whenever any event or situation occurs, which may indicate that the amount by which the asset is recorded might not be recovered. In case there is any indication of the existence of such evidence, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to measure the extent of the impairment loss. When it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, then the recoverable amount of the cash generating unit to which this asset belongs is estimated.

The recoverable amount of the asset or cash generating unit is the highest value between (i) its fair value minus the costs of selling it and (ii) its value in use. The fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The value in use arises from the future estimated discounted cash flows of the assets during their estimated useful life. The discount rate used in the discounted cash flows reflects the current market assessments of the time value of money and the specific risk of the asset.

Whenever the carrying amount of the asset or cash generating unit is higher than its recoverable amount, an impairment loss is recognised. The impairment loss is recorded in the Consolidated and individual income statement.

The reversal of impairment losses recognised in prior years is recorded whenever there is evidence that the recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased, being recognised in the Consolidated and individual income statement. However, the reversal of the impairment loss is made up to the amount that would have been recognised (net of amortisation or depreciation) if the impairment loss had not been recorded in the previous years.

2.9 Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the acquisition cost compared with the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of each entity that is acquired and included by the full consolidation method, or subsidiary, on the respective acquisition date, in accordance with IFRS 3 (Revised) – Business Combinations. Under the exception provided by IFRS 1 – First-time Adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards, the Group has applied the provisions of

IFRS 3 only for the acquisitions made after 1 January 2009. The amounts of the goodwill corresponding to acquisitions before 1 January 2009 were kept at the net amounts presented on that date and, since this date, have been subject to impairment tests on an annual basis.

Goodwill is not amortised. In the assessment of the goodwill impairment, this value is allocated to the cash generating unit or units it refers to. The value in use is determined by discounting the estimated future cash flows of the cash generating unit. The recoverable amount of the cash generating units to which the goodwill refers is determined based on the assets' value in use and is calculated using valuation methodologies which are supported by discounted cash flow techniques, considering the market conditions, the time value and business risks. The discount rate used for discounting cash flows corresponds to the WACC before taxes ("Weighted Average Cost of Capital") estimated according to the rates and capital structures of the entities sector. The impairment tests are carried out on each reporting date, or earlier if impairment risk indicators were identified.

Impairment losses are not reversible.

In the sale of a cash generating unit, the corresponding goodwill is included in the determination of the capital gain or loss.

2.10 Concentration of corporate activities

Subsidiary and Associated companies

Investments in subsidiary and associated companies are recorded in the consolidated and individual balance sheet by the equity method (Note 10 and 11).

A subsidiary company is an entity over which the Group and/or the Company has significant influence, through participation in decisions concerning its financial and operating policies, having control or joint control, usually represented by more than half the voting rights.

On the other hand, an associated company is an entity over which the Group and/or the Company has significant influence, through participation in decisions concerning its financial and operating policies, but where the Group or the Company does not have control or joint control, which in general happens whenever the investment is between 20% and 50%.

In accordance with the equity method, the investments are initially recorded at their cost and subsequently adjusted by the value corresponding to the investment in the net profit or loss of the subsidiary and associated companies against Gain/losses in subsidiary and associated companies, and by other changes in equity in Other comprehensive income. Additionally, investments in subsidiary and associated companies may also be adjusted through the recognition of impairment losses. Whenever there are indications that the assets may be impaired, an assessment is carried out and the existing impairment losses are recorded in the income statement.

The excess of cost in relation to the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities of each subsidiary and/or associated company at the date of acquisition is recognised as goodwill and presented as part of the financial investment in the caption Investments in subsidiaries and/or associates. If the difference between cost and fair value of the assets and liabilities acquired is negative, it is recognised in the income statement under Gains/ losses in subsidiary and associated companies, after confirmation of the fair value.

Whenever the losses in subsidiary and/or associated companies exceed the investment made in these entities, the investment carrying value is reduced to zero and the recognition of future losses

will be discontinued, except in what concerns the part in which the Group and/or the Company incurs in any legal or constructive obligation of assuming all these losses on behalf of the subsidiary and/or associated company, in which case a provision is recorded.

The dividends received from subsidiary and associated companies are recorded as a decrease in the carrying value of Investments in subsidiary companies and Investments in associated companies, respectively.

With the exception of goodwill impairment, if the impairment losses recorded in previous years are no longer applicable, these are reversed.

Unrealised gains and losses on transactions with subsidiary and associated companies are eliminated in proportion to the Group's interest in the subsidiary and/or associated companies, recorded against the investment in the same entity. Unrealised losses are also eliminated but only up to the point that the losses do not reflect that the transferred asset is impaired.

Joint Ventures

Investments in joint ventures are recorded in the balance sheet by the equity method. The classification of the investments in joint ventures is determined based on the existence of a contractual agreement, which demonstrates and rules the joint control. In accordance with the equity method, the investments are initially recorded at their cost and subsequently adjusted by the value corresponding to the investment in the net profit or loss of the joint ventures against Gains/ losses in joint ventures, and by other changes in equity in Other comprehensive income.

Additionally, investments in joint ventures may also be adjusted through the recognition of impairment losses. Whenever there are indications that the assets may be impaired, an assessment is carried out and the existing impairment losses are recorded as costs in the consolidated income statement.

Unrealised gains and losses on transactions with joint ventures are eliminated in proportion to the Group's interest in the entities, recorded against the investment in the same entity. Unrealised losses are also eliminated but only up to the point that the losses do not reflect that the transferred asset is impaired.

2.11 Financial assets

2.11.1 Classification

The Group and the Company classify their financial assets in the following categories: loans and receivables and available for sale. The classification depends on the purpose for which the financial assets were acquired. Management determines the classification of its financial assets on initial recognition.

Loans and receivables

Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market. They are included in current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the end of the reporting period. These are classified as non-current assets. The Group and the Company loans and receivables comprise Accounts receivable, Cash and cash equivalents, Other non-current assets and Other current assets in the balance sheet.

Financial assets at fair value through profit and loss

This category includes: (i) financial assets recognised at fair value through profit and loss acquired mainly for the purpose of being traded in the short term and (ii) other financial assets designated upon initial recognition at fair value with changes recognised in profit and loss ("fair value option").

Financial assets available for sale

The financial assets available for sale are non-derivative financial assets which: (i) are designated as available for sale on initial recognition; or (ii) are not included in the remaining financial assets categories. These are recognised as non-current assets, except if there is the intention to sell within 12 months of the balance sheet date.

These financial assets are initially recognised at acquisition value. After initial recognition, the financial assets available for sale are subsequently carried at fair value, by reference to their market value at the balance sheet date, without any deduction of transaction costs which may be incurred until the sale. Whenever these investments are non-listed equity investments, and is not possible to estimate reliably the corresponding fair value, they are stated at cost net of any impairment losses.

Unrealised capital gains and losses are recognised directly in equity, until the financial asset is sold, received, or disposed of in any way, at which time the accumulated gain or loss previously recognised in equity is recognised in the net profit for the period.

Investments held to maturity

The investments classified as held to maturity are non-derivative assets with defined or determinable payment dates and fixed maturity, which the Group and the Company both intend and have the capacity to hold until maturity and which are not designated, on initial recognition, as assets at fair value through profit or loss or as financial assets available for sale.

The investments held to maturity are measured at amortised cost, according to the effective interest rate method and are net from impairment losses.

The impairment loss is measured as the difference between the assets carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows (considering the recovery period) discounted at the financial asset's original effective interest rate. These investments are presented in the balance sheet net of impairment losses. If the asset is a floating interest rate's asset, the discount rate to use in the determination of the correspondent impairment losses should be the effective interest rate, determined in accordance with each contract rules. Regarding the investments held to maturity, if, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases, and this decrease can be objectively associated to an event that occurred after the recognition of the impairment loss, the previously recognised impairment loss is reversed through the income of the period.

2.11.2 Recognition and measurement

Regular purchases and sales of financial assets are recognised on the trade-date – the date on which the Group and the Company commit to purchase or sell the asset. Investments are initially recognised at fair value plus transaction costs for all financial assets not carried at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets are derecognised when the rights to receive cash flows from the investments have expired or have been transferred and have transferred substantially all risks and rewards of ownership. Available-for-sale financial assets are subsequently carried at fair value, with the variation's counterpart of the fair value being presented in comprehensive income. Loans and receivables are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Dividends on available-for-sale equity instruments are recognised in the income statement as part of other income when the right to receive payments is established.

2.12 Equity

Costs related to the issuance of new shares are recognised directly in the share capital as a deduction from the value of the cash inflow.

Costs related to an issue of equity which has not been completed are recognised as expenditure.

2.13 Financial liabilities

Debt

Loans are recorded as liabilities at the carrying value received, net of issuance expenses, corresponding to the respective fair value on that date. They are subsequently measured at amortised cost, with the corresponding financial costs calculated based on the effective interest rate and stated through the income statement according to the accrual basis assumption, with the due and unpaid amounts as at the reporting date being classified under the item of Accounts payable (Note 34).

The effective interest rate is the rate that discounts future payments over the expected life of the financial instrument to the net carrying amount of the financial liability.

Accounts payable

Accounts payable classified as current liabilities are registered at their nominal value, which is substantially equivalent to their fair value.

Accounts payable classified as non-current liabilities, for which there is no contractual obligation to pay interest, are initially measured at their net present value and subsequently measured at their respective amortised cost, determined in accordance with the effective interest rate method.

Accounts payable (balances of suppliers and other creditors) are liabilities related to the acquisition of goods or services, in the normal course of its business. If their payment falls due within one year or less, then they are classified as current liabilities. Otherwise, they are classified as non-current liabilities.

2.14 Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the consolidated balance sheet, when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or realize the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

2.15 Impairment of financial assets

Assets carried at amortised cost

The Group and the Company assess at the end of each reporting period whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired and impairment losses are incurred only if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the asset (a

'loss event') and that loss event (or events) has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated.

Evidence of impairment may include indicators that the debtors or a group of debtors are experiencing significant financial difficulty, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, the probability that they will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation, and where observable data indicate that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows.

For the Loans and receivables category, the amount of the loss is measured as the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows discounted at the financial asset's original effective interest rate. The carrying amount of the asset is reduced and the amount of the loss is recognised in the income statement.

If, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised (such as an improvement in the debtor's credit rating), the reversal of the previously recognised impairment loss is recognised in the income statement.

Assets classified as available for sale

The Group and the Company assess at the end of each reporting period whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. In the case of equity investments classified as available for sale, a significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of the security below its cost is also evidence that the assets are impaired. If any such evidence exists for available-for-sale financial assets, the cumulative loss – measured as the difference between the acquisition cost and the current fair value, minus any impairment loss on that financial asset previously recognised in profit or loss – is removed from equity and recognised in profit or loss. Impairment losses recognised in the income statement in equity instruments are not reversed through the income statement.

2.16 Inventories

Goods and raw materials, subsidiary materials and consumables are valued at the lowest cost between the acquisition cost and net realisable value, using the weighted average cost as the method of assigning cost.

The acquisition cost includes the invoice price and transport and insurance costs.

Net realisable value corresponds to the normal selling price less costs to complete production and costs to sell.

Whenever cost exceeds net realizable value, the difference is recorded in the operating costs caption "Cost of sales".

2.17 Non-current assets held for sale and discontinued operations

Non-currents assets are classified as held for sale, if the respective carrying value is expected to be realized through their sale rather than through continued use. It is considered that this situation occurs only when: (i) the sale is highly probable and the asset is available for immediate sale in its present condition, (ii) there is a commitment to sell, and (iii) the sale is expected to be completed within a 12-month period.

Non-current assets, which are classified as held for sale, are measured at the lowest between the carrying value before this classification and fair value minus costs to sell. Whenever the fair value is less than the carrying value, the difference is recognised in the item Depreciation / amortisation and impairment of investments, net in the Income statement.

Non-current assets held for sale are presented in a separate caption in the balance sheet.

Non-current assets held for sale are not depreciated or amortised.

Earnings from discontinued operations are presented on a specific line, in the income statement, after Income tax and before Net profit for the year.

Whenever the Group and the Company are committed to a plan to sell a subsidiary, which involves the loss of control over it, all the assets and liabilities of that subsidiary are classified as held for sale, provided they meet the above requirements, even if, after the sale, the Group and the Company still keep a residual interest in the subsidiary.

2.18 Distribution of dividends

The distribution of dividends, when approved by the shareholders at the Annual General Meeting of the Company, is recognised as a liability.

2.19 Employee benefits

The Group and the Company adopt the accounting policy for the recognition of its responsibilities for the payment of post-retirement healthcare and other benefits, the criteria set out in IAS 19, namely using the Projected unit credit method (Note 32).

In order to obtain an estimate of the value of the liabilities (Present value of the defined benefit obligation) and the cost to be recognised in each period, an annual actuarial study is prepared by an independent entity under the assumptions considered appropriate and reasonable. The present value of the defined benefit obligation is recorded as a liability under Employee benefits.

Post-employment benefits – healthcare

IOS Plan

Workers who are integrated in "Caixa Geral de Aposentações" ("CGA", General Retirement Pension Fund) and workers who are beneficiaries of the Portuguese state pension scheme (recruited as permanent staff of the Company after 19 May 1992 and up to 31 December 2009) are entitled to the healthcare benefits established in the CTT Social Works Regulation. These benefits are extended to all permanent workers of the company, whether they are still working, or are pensioners, or in a situation of pre-retirement or retirement.

Workers hired by the company after 31 December 2009, are only entitled to the benefits provided for in the state pension scheme while they remain bound to the Company by an individual employment contract, having no rights when they become pensioners, or in a situation of preretirement or retirement.

Healthcare benefits include contributions to the cost of medication, medical and surgical and nursing services, as well as auxiliary diagnostic means and hospital services, as defined in the CTT Social Works Regulation.

The financing of the post-retirement healthcare plan is ensured mostly by the Company and by the beneficiaries' co-payment upon the use of certain services, and the remaining costs are covered by the fees paid by the beneficiaries.

The maintenance of the post-employment healthcare plan benefits requires that the beneficiaries (retirees and pensioners) pay a fee corresponding to 2.25% of their respective pension. Resulting from the amendment to the Healthcare Plan, the fee was unified and the same fee is paid for each family member enrolled. In certain special situations, an exemption from the payment of the fee may be granted, either for the beneficiaries or for family members.

The management of the healthcare plan is ensured by the IOS – Instituto das Obras Sociais (Institute of Social Works) and regulated by the CTT's Regulation of the Social Works, which in turn, hired Médis – Companhia Portuguesa de Seguros de Saúde, S.A. (Médis - Portuguese healthcare insurance company) to provide healthcare services. The contract with Médis has been in force since 1 January 2015.

Insurance policy

Following the Human Resources Optimization Programme, initiated in 2016, the Company assured the workers, as part of the incentive package, the maintenance of a Healthcare Plan through a health insurance with identical coverage and co-payments, as laid down in the Regulation of the Social Works (ROS), in accordance with the following criteria:

  • Workers aged 50 and over: maintenance of healthcare benefits for themselves and their family members enrolled according to ROS, through a health insurance policy, with payment of quotas in the same amount as they were paying (2.25% of their income), or higher if the future payments (if they will exist) will be higher, with mandatory delivery of income proof;
  • Workers under the age of 50: maintenance of healthcare benefits according to ROS, through a health insurance policy, for a period of two years, exempt from the payment of the quota, after which they will not benefit from any healthcare solution supported by the Company.

At present, the management of this plan is carried out by Médis - Companhia Portuguesa de Seguros de Saúde, S.A..

Post-employment benefits – Pension Plan

The company Transporta - Transportes Porta a Porta, S.A. pays to a closed group of employees in retirement situation, a supplementary retirement pension over the amounts paid by the Social Security.

At each reporting date, the Company maintains a liability based on an actuarial study prepared by a specialised and independent entity that quantifies the liabilities for the payment of supplementary pensions to employees of the company at the time it was acquired from the Portuguese State.

The present value of the defined benefit obligation and the cost of current services and past services are measured using the projected unit credit method.

As at 31 December 2017, there were 20 beneficiaries receiving this type of Complementary Pension Benefit.

Other long-term benefits

The Group and the Company also assumed, towards certain groups of workers, a series of constructive and contractual obligations, namely:

- Suspension of contracts, redeployment, pre-retirement contracts, and release from employment

The liability for the payment of salaries to employees in the above mentioned situations or equivalent, is fully recognised in the income statement at the time they move into these conditions.

- Telephone subscription fee

CTT has assumed the obligation of the life-long payment, to a closed group of retired workers and surviving spouses (4,482 beneficiaries as at 31 December 2017 and 4,724 beneficiaries as at 31 December 2016), of the telephone rental charges, to a monthly amount of 15.30 Euros. During the year ended 31 December 2013, the Board of Directors of CTT, decided to modify the economic benefit. Thus, from 1 January, 2014, the cash payment was replaced by a benefit in kind.

- Pensions for work accidents

The liabilities related to the payment of pensions for work accidents is restricted to workers integrated in CGA.

According to the legislation in force concerning employees integrated in CGA, CTT is liable for the costs incurred with pensions that have been attributed for damages resulting from accidents at work, and which have resulted in permanent disability or death of the worker. The value of these pensions is updated pursuant to a legal diploma.

The liabilities incurred up to 31 December 2015 will continue to be borne by CTT. As of 1 January 2016, CTT contracted an insurance policy to cover these responsibilities, as is already the case for Social Security workers.

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016 there were 67 and 67 beneficiaries, respectively, receiving this type of pension.

- Monthly life annuity

This is an annuity provided for in the family benefits legal system set out in Decree-Law no. 133- B/97 of 30 May, as amended by the Declaration of Rectification no. 15-F/97, of 30 September, amended by Decree-Law no. 248/99, of 2 July, no. 341/99 of 25 August, no. 250/2001, of 21 September, and no. 176/2003, of 2 August.

Beneficiaries are workers, still working or retired, who have descendants over 24 years old, with physical, organic, sensorial, motor or mental disabilities, who are in a situation that prevents them from normally providing for their subsistence through the exercise of professional activity. In the case of beneficiaries integrated in the CGA, the cost of the monthly life annuity is the responsibility of CTT.

As at 31 December 2017 there were 46 beneficiaries under these conditions (44 beneficiaries as at 31 December 2016), receiving a monthly amount of 176.76 Euros, 12 months a year. This amount is updated by an Implementing Order of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Labour and Social Security.

- Defined contribution plan – Open Pension Fund or Retirement Savings Plan

Following the remuneration model of the Statutory Bodies defined by the Remuneration Committee, a fixed monthly amount was determined to be allocated to an Open Pension Fund or Retirement Savings Plan to be attributed to the executive members of the Board of Directors.

This contribution falls into the definition of a defined contribution plan. Under a defined contribution plan, fixed contributions are paid into a fund but there is no legal or constructive obligation to further payments being made if the fund does not have sufficient assets to pay all of the employees' entitlements to post-employment benefits. The obligation is therefore effectively limited to the amount agreed to be contributed to the fund and the actuarial and investment risk is effectively placed on the employee. For defined contribution plans, the amount recognised in the period is the contribution payable in exchange for services rendered by employees during the period. Contributions to a defined contribution plan which are not expected to be wholly settled within 12 months after the end of the annual reporting period in which the employee renders the related service are discounted to their present value.

2.20 Share-based payments

The benefits granted to the executive members of the Board of Directors under the long-term remuneration plans are recorded in accordance with the requirements of IFRS 2 – Share-based payments.

In accordance with IFRS 2, the benefits granted to be paid on the basis of own shares (equity instruments), are recognised at fair value at the date of allocation.

Since it is not possible to estimate reliably the fair value of the services received from employees, their value is measured by reference to the fair value of equity instruments.

The fair value determined at the date of allocation of the benefit is recognised as a linear cost over the period in which it is acquired by the beneficiaries as a result of their services, with the corresponding increase in equity.

When settlement is made in cash, the value of these liabilities is determined at the time of assignment and subsequently updated, at the end of each reporting period, depending on the number of shares or stock options assigned and their fair value at the date of reporting. The liability is recorded in "Staff costs" and "Other liabilities", in a linear manner between the date of attribution and the maturity date, in proportion to the time elapsed between those dates.

2.21 Provisions and contingent liabilities

Provisions (Note 33) are recognised when, cumulatively: (i) there is a present obligation (legal or constructive) arising from a past event, (ii) it is probable that its payment will be demanded, and (iii) there is a reliable estimate of the value of this obligation.

The amount of the provisions corresponds to the present value of the obligation, with the financial updating being recorded as a financial cost under the heading Interest expenses (Note 49).

The provisions are reviewed on every reporting date and are adjusted in order to reflect the best estimate at that date.

Provision for financial investments

Whenever losses in the subsidiaries or associated companies exceed the investment made in these entities, the carrying value is reduced to zero and the recognition of future losses is discontinued, except in what concerns the part in which the Company incurs in any legal or constructive obligation to assume all these losses on behalf of the associated or subsidiary company, in which case a Provision is recorded for investments in associated companies.

Restructuring provisions

Restructuring provisions are made whenever a detailed formal restructuring plan has been approved by the Company and it has been launched or publicly disclosed, which identifies:

  • The business or part of the business concerned;
  • The main affected locations;
  • The location, function and approximate number of employees who will be compensated for the cease of their services;
  • The expenditures that will be undertaken;
  • When the plan will be implemented; and
  • It raised a valid expectation in those affected that it will carry out the restructuring by starting to implement that plan or announcing its main features to those affected by it.

The restructuring provision includes direct expenditures arising from the restructuring, which are those entailed by the restructuring, or not associated with the ongoing activities of the entity.

The restructuring provision does not include the costs of retraining or relocating continuing staff, marketing and investments in new systems and distribution networks and are recognised on the same basis as if they appeared independently of a restructuring in the period that they occur.

The expected gains on assets disposals are not taken into account in a restructuring provision measurement, even if the assets sale is seen as part of the restructuring.

Dismantling costs provisions

Provisions are made for dismantling costs, costs of removal of the asset and costs of restoration of the site of certain assets, when these assets are in use and it is possible to reliably estimate the respective obligation, or when there is a contractual commitment to restore the spaces rented by third parties. When the time value effect is material, the environmental liabilities that are not expected to be settled in the near future are measured at their present value.

Provisions for litigations in progress

A provision for litigation in progress is recorded when there is a reliable estimate of costs to be incurred due to legal actions brought by third parties, based on the evaluation of the probability of payment based on the opinion of the lawyers.

Provision for onerous contracts

A provision for onerous contracts is measured at the present cost whenever the unavoidable costs to satisfy the contract's obligations exceeds the expected financial benefits that will be received under the same.

Contingent assets and liabilities

Whenever any of the conditions for the recognition of provisions is not met, the events are disclosed as contingent liabilities (Note 33). Contingent liabilities are: (i) possible obligations which arise from past events and whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence, or not, of one or more future events that are uncertain and not fully under the Company's control, or (ii) present obligations which arise from past events, but which are not recognised because it is not probable that an outflow

of resources which incorporates economic benefits will be necessary to settle the obligation, or the value of the obligation cannot be measured with sufficient reliability. Contingent liabilities are disclosed unless the possibility of an outflow of resources is remote.

Contingent assets and liabilities are evaluated continuously to assure that the developments are reflected properly in the financial statements.

If it becomes probable that an outflow of future economic benefits will be demanded for an item previously treated as a contingent liability, a provision is recognised in the financial statements of the period when that change in probability occurs.

If it becomes virtually certain that an economic benefits inflow will occur, the asset and related revenue are recognised in the financial statements of the period when the change will probably occur.

The Company does not recognise contingent assets and liabilities.

2.22 Revenue

The revenue relative to sales, services rendered, royalties, interest and dividends (from investments not accounted for by the equity method), arising from the Company's normal business activity is measured at the fair value of the consideration that has been or will be received, which is defined as the sums established freely between the contractual parties on an independent basis, where, in relation to sales and services rendered, their fair value reflects any discounts granted and does not include Value Added Tax.

The recognition of revenue requires that (i) it is probable that the economic benefits associated to the transaction will flow to the Company, (ii) the amount of the revenue may be measured reliably, (iii) the costs that have been or will be incurred with the transaction may also be measured reliably, and (iv) the stage of completion of the services rendered/transaction can be measured reliably, in the case of the services rendered being recognised based on the percentage of completion.

Revenue from the sale of merchandising products and from postal business is recognised when the risks and benefits of ownership of the products are transferred to the buyer, which usually occurs at the time of the transaction.

Revenue from postal services is recognised at the moment the customer requests the service, since CTT has no information that would allow a reliable estimate of the amount concerning deliveries not made by the financial reporting date, although it is understood that this issue is not materially relevant, as the date of the service request does not significantly differ from the date of delivery.

The prices of the services rendered in the scope of the concession of the Universal Postal Service have been subject to regulation under a price agreement signed between CTT and ICP-ANACOM.

Fees from collections made and from the sale of financial products are recognised on the date that the client is charged. Only the fee from collections charged by CTT is recognised as revenue, as CTT acts as an agent.

Revenue from PO Boxes is recognised over the term of the contracts.

Revenue from the recharging of prepaid mobile phone services is deferred and recognised in earnings, according to the traffic of the specific client, during the period when the service is rendered.

Revenue and costs relative to international mail services, estimated based on surveys and indexes agreed with the corresponding postal operators, are recognised in provisional accounts in the month that the traffic occurs. Differences between the estimated and final amounts determined in agreement with those operators, which are not usually significant, are recognised in the consolidated income statement when the accounts become final.

Revenue from interest is recognised using the effective interest rate method, provided that it is probable that economic benefits will flow into the Group and the Company, and their amount can be measured reliably.

The Group and the Company register a portion of the interest received from deposits in other operating income, specifically interest from short-term deposits in the Financial Services segment. The Group and the Company consider the temporary investment of funds received and to be paid to third parties as one of the main operational objectives of its Financial Services segment. In the cash flow statement, this portion of interest is recognised as operational cash flow.

2.23 Subsidies obtained

Subsidies are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that they will be received and that the Group and the Company will comply with the conditions required for their attribution.

Investment subsidies associated to the acquisition or production of tangible fixed assets are initially recognised in non-current liabilities and are subsequently allocated, on a systematic basis, as revenue for the period, consistent and proportional to the depreciation of the assets acquired through these subsidies.

Operating subsidies, namely those for employee training, are recognised in the income statement, within the periods necessary to match them with the expenses incurred, to the extent that these subsidies are not refundable.

2.24 Leases

The classification of leases is done according to the substance of the transaction and not the form of the contract. Leases are classified as financial whenever their terms imply the substantial transfer to the lessee of all the risks and rewards associated to the ownership of the asset. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Tangible assets acquired through financial leasing contracts, as well as the corresponding liabilities payable to the lessor, are recorded in the balance sheet at the beginning of the lease at the lowest value between the fair value of the assets and the present value of the minimum lease payments. The discount rate used is the rate implicit in the lease. If this rate is not known, then the Group's financing rate for this type of investment is used. The policy for depreciation of these assets follows the rules applicable to tangible fixed assets owned by the Group and the Company. The interest included in the rents and in amortisation of fixed tangible assets is recognised in the consolidated income statement in the period to which they refer to.

For operating leases, the instalments that are owed are recognised as a cost in the income statement over the lease period (Note 44).

2.25 Borrowing costs

Financial charges related to loans are recognised in net profit, when incurred. However, interest expenses are capitalised when loans are directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of an asset that requires a substantial period of time (over one year) to reach its intended use.

2.26 Taxes

Corporate income tax ("IRC")

Corporate income tax corresponds to the sum of current taxes and deferred taxes. Current taxes and deferred taxes are recorded under net income, unless they refer to items recorded directly in equity. In these cases, deferred taxes are also recorded under equity.

Current tax payable is based on the taxable income for the period of the Group companies included in the consolidation, calculated in accordance with the tax criteria prevailing at the financial reporting date. Taxable income differs from accounting income, since it excludes various costs and revenues which will only be deductible or taxable in other financial years. Taxable income also excludes costs and revenues which will never be deductible or taxable.

Deferred taxes refer to temporary differences between the amounts of assets and liabilities for accounting purposes and the corresponding amounts for tax purposes.

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are recognised for deductible temporary differences. However, this recognition only takes place when there are reasonable expectations of sufficient future taxable profits to use these deferred tax assets, or when there are deferred tax liabilities whose reversal is expected in the same period that the deferred tax assets may be used. On each reporting date, a review is made of these deferred tax assets, which are adjusted according to expectations on their future use.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the tax rates which are in force on the date of the reversal of the corresponding temporary differences, based on the taxation rates (and tax legislation) which are enacted, formally or substantially, on the reporting date.

CTT is covered by the special regime applicable to the taxation of groups of companies, which includes all companies in which CTT holds, directly or indirectly, at least 90% of the share capital and which are simultaneously resident in Portugal and taxed under IRC except Escrita Inteligente, S.A. and Transporta – Transportes Porta a Porta, S.A.. The remaining companies are taxed individually according to their respective taxable income at the applicable tax rates.

Value Added Tax ("VAT")

For purposes of VAT, the Company follows the normal monthly regime, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph a) of no. 1 of article 41 of the Portuguese VAT Code, having various exempted operations in its activity that fall under the provisions of article 9 of the Portuguese VAT Code, as well as to other non-exempted operations which are subject to VAT, and for this reason, using the effective allocation method and the pro rata method. In a similar situation is also Banco CTT, which due to the nature of its operations practiced, essentially financial operations, also uses the pro rata method for VAT purposes. The other Group companies, with fiscal residence in Portugal, also follow the normal monthly regime, in accordance with the provisions of paragraph a) of no. 1 of article 41 of the Portuguese VAT Code, performing mostly non-exempted operations, thus being subject to VAT.

2.27 Accrual basis

Revenues and costs are recorded according to the accrual basis, and therefore, are recognised as they are generated, regardless of the time they are received or paid. Differences between the revenues and costs generated and the corresponding amounts invoiced are recorded in "Other current assets" or in "Other current liabilities". Deferred revenues and costs paid in advance are recorded under the heading Deferrals, under liabilities and assets, respectively.

2.28 Judgements and estimates

In the preparation of the consolidated and individual financial statements, judgements and estimates were used which affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and costs during the reporting period. The estimates and assumptions are determined based on the best existing knowledge and on the experience of past and/or current events considering certain assumptions relative to future events. However, situations might occur in subsequent periods which, due to not having been predictable on the date of approval of the financial statements, were not considered in these estimates. Changes to estimates which occur after the date of the financial statements will be corrected prospectively. For this reason and in view of the associated degree of uncertainty, the real outcome of the situations in question might differ from their corresponding estimates.

The main judgements and estimates made in the preparation of the financial statements arise in the following areas:

(i) Tangible fixed and intangible assets / estimated useful lives

Depreciation/amortisation is calculated on the acquisition cost using the straight line method, from the month when the asset is available for use. The depreciation/amortisation rates that are applied reflect the best knowledge on the estimated useful life of the assets. The residual values of the assets and their respective useful lives are reviewed and adjusted, when deemed necessary.

(ii) Impairment of Goodwill

Goodwill is tested at least once a year, with the purpose of verifying if it is impaired, in accordance with the policy referred in Note 2.9. The calculation of the recoverable amounts of the cash generating units involves a judgment and substantially relies on the analysis of the Management related to the future developments of the respective subsidiary. The assessment underlying the calculations that have been made uses assumptions based on the available information, both concerning the business and macro-economic environment. The variations of these assumptions can influence the results and consequent recording of impairments.

(iii) Impairment of accounts receivable

Impairment losses relative to bad debts are based on the assessment of the probability of recovery of balances of accounts receivable. This assessment is made according to the period of time of default, the credit history of the customer and other debtors, and the deterioration of the credit situation of the main customers and other debtors. Should the customers' financial conditions deteriorate, the impairment losses might be higher than expected.

(iv) Deferred taxes

The recognition of deferred tax assets assumes the existence of future net profit and taxable income. The deferred tax assets and liabilities were determined based on the tax legislation currently in force, or on legislation that has already been published for future application. Amendments to tax legislation may influence the value of the deferred taxes.

(v) Employee benefits

The determination of the liabilities related to the payment of post-employment benefits, namely with healthcare plans, requires the use of assumptions and estimates, including the use of actuarial projections, discount rates and other factors that could have an impact on the costs and liabilities associated to these benefits. Any changes in the assumptions used, which are described in Note 32, will have an impact in the carrying amount of the employees' benefits. CTT has a policy of periodically reviewing the major actuarial assumptions.

(vi) Provisions

The Group and the Company exercise considerable judgement in the measurement and recognition of provisions. Judgement is required in order to assess the probability of litigation having a successful outcome. Provisions are recorded when the current lawsuits are expected to lead to the outflow of funds, the loss is probable and may be estimated reasonably. Due to the uncertainties inherent to the process of assessment, actual losses might be different from those originally estimated in the provision. These estimates are subject to changes as new information becomes available. Reviews to the estimates of these losses might affect future results.

2.29 Cash Flow Statement

The Cash Flow Statement is prepared according to the direct method, through which cash receipts and payments relative to operating, investment and financing activities are disclosed.

Operating activities cover receipts from customers, payments to suppliers, payments to staff and other related to operating activity, namely income tax. Investment activities namely include acquisitions and divestments in participated companies, payments and receipts arising from the purchase and sale of assets, and receipts of interest and dividends. Financing activities include payments and receipts relative to loans received, financial lease contracts, interest paid and payments of dividends.

2.30 Subsequent events

Events occurring after the closing date until the date of approval of the financial statements by the Board of Directors, and which provide additional information about conditions existing at the date of the financial reporting, are reflected in the financial statements. Events occurring after the closing date, which indicate conditions arising after the date of the financial reporting, are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements, if considered relevant.

3. CHANGES TO ACCOUNTING POLICIES, ERRORS AND ESTIMATES

In the year ended 31 December 2017 there were no accounting policy changes and no material errors were recognised related to estimates made in preparing the financial statements of prior years.

The underlying estimates and assumptions were determined based on the best knowledge of the on-going events and transactions, at the time the financial statements were approved, as well as on the experience of past and/or current events. However, situations might occur in subsequent periods which, due to not having been predictable on the date of approval of the financial statements, were not considered in these estimates. Changes to estimates which occur after the date of the financial statements will be corrected prospectively. For this reason and in view of the

associated degree of uncertainty, the real outcome of the transactions in question might differ from their corresponding estimates.

4. SEGMENT REPORTING

In accordance with IFRS 8, the Group discloses the segment financial reporting.

The Board of Directors regularly reviews segmental reports, using them to assess and communicate each segment performance, as well as to decide on how to allocate resources.

The business of CTT is organised in the following segments:

  • Mail CTT, S.A. excluding financial services, but including the retail network, the sales department, the corporate and support areas, CTT Contacto, Mailtec Comunicação and Escrita Inteligente;
  • Express & Parcels includes CTT Expresso, Tourline, CORRE and Transporta;
  • Financial Services PayShop and CTT, S.A. Financial Services; and
  • Banco CTT Banco CTT, S.A..

The segments cover the three CTT business areas, as follows:

  • Postal Market, covered by the Mail segment;
  • Express and Parcels Markets, covered by the Express & Parcels segment; and
  • Financial Market, covered by the Financial Services and Banco CTT segments.

Besides the above mentioned segments, there are two sales channels, which are common to all businesses and products, the Retail Network and the Sales Department. In this analysis, the Retail Network, which is connected to the obligations of the universal postal service concession, is incorporated in the Mail segment and integrates internal revenues related to the provision of services to other segments, as well as the sale in its network of third-party products and services.

The amounts reported in each business segment result from the aggregation of the subsidiaries and business units defined in each segment perimeter and the elimination of transactions between companies of the same segment.

The statement of financial position of each subsidiary and business unit is determined based on the amounts booked directly in the companies that compose the segment, including the elimination of balances between companies of the same segment, and excluding the allocation in the segments of the adjustments between segments.

The income statement for each business segment is based in the amounts booked directly in the companies' financial statements and related business units, adjusted by the elimination of transactions between companies of the same segment.

However, as CTT, S.A. has assets in more than one segment it was necessary to split its income and costs by the various operating segments. The Internal Services Rendered refers to services provided across the different CTT, S.A. business areas, and the income is calculated according to standard activities valued through internally set transfer prices.

Initially, CTT, S.A. operating costs are affected to the different segments by charging the internal transactions for the services mentioned above. After this initial allocation, cost relating to corporate and support areas (Central Structure CTT) previously unallocated, are allocated among the segments Mail and Financial Services according to the average number of CTT, S.A. employees affected to each of these segments.

With the allocation of all costs, the earnings before depreciation, provisions, impairments, financial results and taxes by segment in the 2017 and 2016 financial years are as follows:

2017
Euros Mail Express & Parcels Financial
Services
Banco CTT CTT Central
Structure
Intragroup
eliminations
Others non
allocated
Total
Revenues 527,494,738 134,596,177 61,799,767 7,614,948 108,968,040 (126,195,864) - 714,277,808
Sales and services rendered 485,704,806 132,573,459 60,698,101 - - (2,968,844) - 676,007,522
Sales 18,526,222 862,783 - - - (3,141) - 19,385,864
Services rendered 467,178,584 131,710,676 60,698,101 - - (2,965,703) - 656,621,658
Financial Margin - - - 3,389,566 - - - 3,389,566
Operating revenues external customers 26,124,670 2,022,718 1,018,498 4,225,383 30,798,378 (29,308,927) - 34,880,720
Internal services rendered 15,665,262 - 83,168 - 40,171,746 (55,920,176) - -
Allocation to CTT central structure - - - - 37,997,916 (37,997,916) - -
Operating costs 452,094,069 135,098,517 31,381,857 31,792,822 108,968,040 (126,195,864) - 633,139,442
External supplies and services 102,627,079 109,613,731 9,134,789 18,423,382 43,866,077 (32,183,365) - 251,481,693
Staff costs 256,616,143 23,128,602 3,991,741 12,194,947 58,900,759 (92,373) - 354,739,819
Other costs 16,433,849 2,356,184 1,708,837 1,174,493 5,246,600 (2,033) - 26,917,930
Internal services rendered 38,634,272 - 16,331,300 - 954,604 (55,920,176) - -
Allocation to CTT central structure 37,782,727 - 215,189 - - (37,997,916) - -
EBITDA(1) 75,400,669 (502,340) 30,417,910 (24,177,873) - - - 81,138,366
Depreciation/amortisation and impairment of
investments, net (15,600,860) (4,025,992) (883,255) (2,701,505) (7,539,378) - 80,539 (30,670,452)
Impairment of accounts receivable, net (1,098,235)
Impairment of non-depreciable assets (1,133,312) (1,133,312)
Impairment of other financial banking assets (117,234)
Provisions net (1,729,651) 703,771 (1,025,880)
Interest expenses (5,381,464)
Interest income 380,925
Gains/losses in associated companies -
Earnings before taxes 42,092,714
Income tax for the period (14,977,391)
Net profit for the period 27,115,323
Non-controlling interests (147,921)
Equity holders of parent company 27,263,244

(1) Operating results + depreciation/amortisation + provisions and impairment losses, net.

2016
Euros Mail Express & Parcels Financial
Services
Banco CTT CTT Central
Structure
Intragroup
eliminations
Others non
allocated
Total
Revenues 533,586,673 120,809,947 70,760,726 961,734 108,910,984 (138,208,500) - 696,821,564
Sales and services rendered 490,837,845 115,956,403 65,944,099 - 11,030 (3,080,807) - 669,668,571
Sales 19,247,627 837,524 - - - (2,893) - 20,082,259
Services rendered 471,590,218 115,118,878 65,944,099 - 11,030 (3,077,914) - 649,586,312
Financial Margin - - - 26,051 - - - 26,051
Operating revenues external customers 26,390,268 4,853,544 4,733,667 935,682 17,651,463 (27,437,682) - 27,126,942
Internal services rendered 16,358,560 - 82,960 - 40,060,406 (56,501,927) - -
Allocation to CTT central structure - - - - 51,188,085 (51,188,085) - -
Operating costs 448,411,842 116,302,249 32,948,637 26,403,442 108,910,984 (138,208,500) - 594,768,654
External supplies and services 100,938,902 92,749,459 9,830,286 16,439,019 42,561,221 (30,481,823) - 232,037,064
Staff costs 242,375,793 21,363,008 4,601,590 9,626,317 60,420,774 - - 338,387,481
Other costs 15,673,374 2,189,782 1,365,657 338,106 4,813,856 (36,666) - 24,344,109
Internal services rendered 38,588,353 - 16,798,440 - 1,115,133 (56,501,927) - -
Allocation to CTT central structure 50,835,421 - 352,664 - - (51,188,085) - -
EBITDA(1) 85,174,831 4,507,698 37,812,090 (25,441,708) - - - 102,052,910
Depreciation/amortisation and impairment of
investments, net (15,698,721) (2,736,099) (354,204) (1,541,550) (6,683,109) - (454,412) (27,468,094)
Impairment of accounts receivable, net (45,623)
Impairment of non-depreciable assets -
Provisions net 16,343,680
Interest expenses (6,540,106)
Interest income 671,599
Gains/losses in associated companies 230,340
Earnings before taxes 85,244,706
Income tax for the period (23,347,639)
Net profit for the period 61,897,067
Non-controlling interests (263,328)

Equity holders of parent company 62,160,395

(1) Operating results + depreciation/amortisation + provisions and impairment losses, net.

The revenues are detailed as follows:

Thousand Euros 2017 2016
Mail 527,495 533,587
Transactional mail 401,867 403,684
Editorial mail 15,514 15,952
Parcels (USO) 7,693 6,608
Advertising mail 28,365 29,596
Retail 12,079 17,758
Philately 8,350 7,480
Business Solutions 8,811 9,960
Other 44,816 42,549
Express & Parcels 134,596 120,810
Financial Services 61,800 70,761
Banco CTT 7,615 962
CTT Central Structure 109,968 108,911
Intragroup eliminations (127,196) (138,208)
714,278 696,822

The assets by segment are detailed as follows:

31.12.2017
Assets (Euros) Mail Express &
Parcels
Financial
Services
Banco CTT CTT Central
Structure
Non allocated
assets
Total
Intagible assets 3,104,896 5,005,423 630,934 20,999,811 7,631,667 10,128,953 47,501,684
Tangible fixed assets 165,561,819 14,477,996 2,624,504 193,349 15,141,231 1,857,009 199,855,908
Investment properties 6,164,849 6,164,849
Goodwill 6,161,326 2,955,753 406,101 9,523,180
Deferred tax assets 87,155,739 87,155,739
Accounts receivable 132,480,130 132,480,130
Credit to bank clients 79,347,390 79,347,390
Investments held to maturity 261,549,132 261,549,132
Financial assets available for sale 5,751,374 5,751,374
Other banking financial assets 103,248,206 103,248,206
Other assets 49,362,404 49,362,404
Cash and cash equivalents 626,825,397 626,825,397
Non-current assets held for sale - -
174,828,041 22,439,172 3,661,539 471,089,262 22,772,898 913,974,481 1,608,765,392
31.12.2016
Assets (Euros) Mail Express &
Parcels
Financial
Services
Banco CTT CTT Central
Structure
Non allocated
assets
Total
Intagible assets 2,688,799 3,989,255 383,266 18,455,823 7,853,454 5,546,126 38,916,723
Tangible fixed assets 172,040,917 13,822,493 711,568 59,727 14,920,468 7,366,608 208,921,781
Investment properties 9,291,983 9,291,983
Goodwill 7,294,638 406,101 7,700,739
Deferred tax assets 86,220,762 86,220,762
Accounts receivable 122,113,270 122,113,270
Credit to bank clients 7,103,905 7,103,905
Investments held to maturity 95,094,543 95,094,543
Financial assets available for sale 6,447,325 6,447,325
Other banking financial assets 59,054,303 59,054,303
Other assets 48,263,780 48,263,780
Cash and cash equivalents 618,811,099 618,811,099
Non-current assets held for sale 8,756,999 8,756,999
182,024,355 17,811,748 1,500,934 186,215,627 22,773,922 906,370,627 1,316,697,213

Debt by segment is detailed as follows:

31.12.2017
Other information (Euros) Mail Express & Parcels Financial Banco CTT CTT Central Total
Services Struture
Medium and long-term debt - 73,689 - - - 73,689
Bank loans - 49,596 - - - 49,596
Leasings - 24,093 - - - 24,093
Short-term debt - 10,304,390 - - - 10,304,390
Bank loans - 10,272,258 - - - 10,272,258
Leasings - 32,132 - - - 32,132
- 10,378,079 - - - 10,378,079
31.12.2016
Express & Financial CTT Central
Other information (Euros) Mail Parcels Services Banco CTT Struture Total
Medium and long-term debt - 127,145 - - - 127,145
Bank loans - 87,202 - - - 87,202
Leasings - 39,943 - - - 39,943
Short-term debt 724,749 8,955,080 - - - 9,679,829
Bank loans - 8,726,161 - - - 8,726,161
Leasings 724,749 228,919 - - - 953,668
724,749 9,082,224 - - - 9,806,973

The Group CTT is domiciled in Portugal. The result of its Sales and services rendered by geographical segment is disclosed below:

Thousand Euros 2017 2016
Revenue - Portugal 586,669 594,380
Revenue - other countries 89,339 75,289
676,008 669,669

5. TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movements occurred in Tangible fixed assets, as well as the respective accumulated depreciation, regarding the Group were as follows:

2017
Group Land and natural
resources
Buildings and other
constructions
Basic equipment Transport
equipment
Office equipment Other tangible fixed
assets
Tangible fixed
assets in progress
Advance payments
to suppliers
Total
Tangible fixed assets
Opening balance 36,903,717 334,909,767 140,435,199 3,269,073 59,021,936 25,037,425 5,016,467 3,351,405 607,944,990
Acquisitions - 300,889 5,013,385 81,568 2,087,373 741,212 2,277,480 475,458 10,977,364
Disposals - (8,315) (1,125,067) - (40,687) (137) - - (1,174,206)
Transfers and write-offs 1,396 6,396,121 1,673,849 - 750,365 (867,944) (5,793,379) (3,425,208) (1,264,800)
Adjustments - (44,923) (61,259) (247) (61,727) (21,887) - (10,547) (200,588)
Changes in the consolidation perimeter 197,025 1,102,206 731,285 30,889 417,295 1,151,444 - - 3,630,144
Closing balance 37,102,139 342,655,745 146,667,392 3,381,283 62,174,555 26,040,114 1,500,567 391,109 619,912,904
Accumulated depreciation
Opening balance 3,851,494 197,359,750 121,934,623 3,208,997 52,255,805 20,239,484 - - 398,850,154
Depreciation for the period - 9,924,796 7,139,729 34,044 3,426,663 1,113,660 - - 21,638,891
Disposals - (7,026) (1,096,952) - (40,236) (137) - - (1,144,351)
Transfers and write-offs - (39,113) (158,051) - (145,697) (712,315) - - (1,055,176)
Adjustments - 274 15,044 (404) 1,082 (6) - - 15,989
Changes in the consolidation perimeter - 422,804 459,736 28,437 218,784 572,388 - - 1,702,149
Closing balance 3,851,494 207,661,484 128,294,129 3,271,073 55,716,402 21,213,074 - - 420,007,656
Accumulated impairment
Opening balance - - - - - 173,055 - - 173,055
Other variations - - - - - (123,714) - - (123,714)
Closing balance - - - - - 49,340 - - 49,340
Net Tangible fixed assets 33,250,644 134,994,262 18,373,263 110,210 6,458,153 4,777,700 1,500,567 391,109 199,855,908
2016
Group Land and natural
resources
Buildings and other
constructions
Basic equipment Transport
equipment
Office equipment Other tangible fixed
assets
Tangible fixed
assets in progress
Advance payments
to suppliers
Total
Tangible fixed assets
Opening balance 37,306,577 337,982,013 138,002,341 3,273,327 54,961,400 23,252,352 1,971,616 1,398,408 598,148,034
Acquisitions - 313,458 6,625,240 9,719 4,156,018 1,937,614 8,381,884 2,888,955 24,312,888
Disposals (526,637) (3,885,980) (1,503,859) - (52,919) - - - (5,969,395)
Transfers and write-offs 123,778 675,516 (2,289,200) (8,174) 51,751 (115,897) (5,337,034) (812,692) (7,711,951)
Adjustments - (175,240) (399,323) (5,800) (94,314) (36,644) - (123,265) (834,586)
Closing balance 36,903,717 334,909,766 140,435,200 3,269,073 59,021,936 25,037,425 5,016,467 3,351,405 607,944,989
Accumulated depreciation
Opening balance 3,888,322 192,743,987 118,629,681 3,154,422 50,187,217 19,306,751 - - 387,910,380
Depreciation for the period - 9,180,124 7,410,835 66,457 2,621,487 1,111,546 - - 20,390,450
Disposals (36,827) (2,390,937) (1,481,994) - (52,919) - - - (3,962,677)
Transfers and write-offs - (2,172,820) (2,533,931) (8,174) (487,515) (173,533) - - (5,375,973)
Adjustments - (604) (89,968) (3,709) (12,465) (5,280) - - (112,027)
Closing balance 3,851,494 197,359,750 121,934,624 3,208,997 52,255,806 20,239,485 - - 398,850,154
Accumulated impairment
Opening balance - - - - - 296,769 - - 296,769
Other variations - - - - - (123,714) - - (123,714)
Closing balance - - - - - 173,055 - - 173,055
Net Tangible fixed assets 33,052,223 137,550,016 18,500,576 60,077 6,766,130 4,624,886 5,016,467 3,351,405 208,921,781

The depreciation recorded in the Group amounting to 21,638,891 Euros (20,390,450 Euros on 31 December 2016), is booked under the heading Depreciation/amortisation and impairment of investments, net (Note 47).

In the year ended 31 December 2017, the caption Changes in the consolidation perimeter in the Group, relates to the balances of the company Transporta – Transportes Porta a Porta, S.A. acquired in May 2017.

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movements occurred in Tangible fixed assets, as well as the respective accumulated depreciation, regarding the Company were as follows:

2017
Company Land and natural
resources
Buildings and other
constructions
Basic equipment Transport
equipment
Office equipment Other tangible fixed
assets
Tangible fixed
assets in progress
Advance payments
to suppliers
Total
Tangible fixed assets
Opening balance 35,086,846 319,344,985 109,195,010 2,479,246 51,783,751 23,411,104 5,016,467 2,494,530 548,811,940
Acquisitions - - 3,581,466 - 1,495,182 683,237 2,125,790 311,022 8,239,849
Disposals - - (1,036,167) - (33,169) - - - (1,069,336)
Transfers and write-offs 1,396 6,358,159 (66,657) - 1,039,168 365,278 (5,650,311) (2,404,833) (400,952)
Adjustments - (45,589) (84,268) - (63,633) (23,117) - (10,570) (227,177)
Closing balance 35,088,242 325,657,556 111,589,384 2,479,246 54,221,300 24,436,503 1,491,945 390,149 555,354,325
Accumulated depreciation
Opening balance 3,851,494 188,661,587 96,165,800 2,431,726 45,977,885 18,683,626 - - 355,772,119
Depreciation for the period - 9,407,384 4,347,471 27,397 2,714,981 1,059,192 - - 17,556,425
Disposals - - (1,030,230) - (32,717) - - - (1,062,947)
Transfers and write-offs - - (357,986) - - - - - (357,986)
Closing balance 3,851,494 198,068,971 99,125,056 2,459,124 48,660,149 19,742,818 - - 371,907,612
Accumulated impairment
Opening balance - - - - - 173,055 - - 173,055
Other variations - - - - - (123,714) - - (123,714)
Closing balance - - - - - 49,340 - - 49,340
Net Tangible fixed assets 31,236,748 127,588,585 12,464,328 20,123 5,561,151 4,644,344 1,491,945 390,149 183,397,373
2016
Company Land and natural
resources
Buildings and other
constructions
Basic equipment Transport
equipment
Office equipment Other tangible fixed
assets
Tangible fixed
assets in progress
Advance payments
to suppliers
Total
Tangible fixed assets
Opening balance 35,489,705 322,733,582 107,351,937 2,479,246 48,312,318 21,472,842 1,971,617 1,398,407 541,209,656
Acquisitions - - 5,552,134 - 3,444,701 1,918,240 8,376,038 2,032,080 21,323,193
Disposals (526,637) (3,885,980) (1,492,276) - - - - - (5,904,894)
Transfers and write-offs 123,778 669,671 (2,070,172) - 94,512 40,006 (5,331,188) (812,692) (7,286,085)
Adjustments - (172,289) (146,612) - (67,780) (19,984) - (123,265) (529,930)
Closing balance 35,086,846 319,344,985 109,195,010 2,479,246 51,783,751 23,411,104 5,016,467 2,494,530 548,811,940
Accumulated depreciation
Opening balance 3,888,321 184,477,527 94,533,371 2,369,138 44,176,849 17,624,015 - - 347,069,221
Depreciation for the period - 8,747,815 5,417,745 62,589 2,246,253 1,076,778 - - 17,551,180
Disposals (36,827) (2,390,937) (1,470,411) - - - - - (3,898,175)
Transfers and write-offs - (2,172,819) (2,314,904) - (445,217) (17,167) - - (4,950,106)
Closing balance 3,851,494 188,661,587 96,165,800 2,431,726 45,977,885 18,683,626 - - 355,772,119
Accumulated impairment
Opening balance - - - - - 296,769 - - 296,769
Other variations - - - - - (123,714) - - (123,714)
Closing balance - - - - - 173,055 - - 173,055
Net Tangible fixed assets 31,235,351 130,683,399 13,029,209 47,520 5,805,866 4,554,423 5,016,467 2,494,530 192,866,766

The depreciation recorded in the Company amounting to 17,556,425 Euros (17,551,180 Euros on 31 December 2016), is booked under the heading Depreciation/amortisation and impairment of investments, net (Note 47).

In the Group and the Company, as at 31 December 2017, Land and natural resources and Buildings and other constructions include 625,996 Euros (650,717 Euros as at 31 December 2016), related to land and property in co-ownership with MEO – Serviços de Comunicações e Multimédia, S.A..

During 2016, an exchange of land and property in co-ownership with MEO – Serviços de Comunicações e Multimédia, S.A. was performed and were accounted gains in the amount of 485,134 Euros.

According to the concession contract in force, after the latest amendments of 31 December 2013 (Note 1) at the end of the concession, the assets included in the public and private domain of the State revert automatically, at no cost, to the conceding entity. As the postal network belongs exclusively to CTT, not being a public domain asset, only the assets that belong to the State revert to it, and as such, at the end of the concession CTT will continue to own its assets. The Board of Directors, supported on CTT's accounting records and the statement of Directorate General of Treasury and Finance ("Direção Geral do Tesouro e Finanças"), the entity responsible for the Information System of Public Buildings ("Sistema de Informação de Imóveis do Estado" – SIIE) believes that CTT's assets do not include any public or private domain assets of the Portuguese State.

During the year ended 31 December 2017, the most significant movements in Tangible Fixed Assets were the following:

Buildings and other constructions:

The movements associated to additions and transfers relate to the capitalisation of repairs in own and third-party buildings of CTT, CTT Expresso and Tourline.

Basic equipment:

The amount of acquisitions mainly relates to the purchase of motorcycles, tricycles and quadricycles in the amount of 647 thousand Euros, vans and trucks worth approximately 1,242 thousand Euros, tractors and trailers in the amount of 116 thousand Euros, pallet trucks for 26 thousand Euros, ATMs amounting to 184 thousand Euros, IT equipment worth 942 thousand Euros, pallets for Rest Mail in the amount of 97 thousand Euros and upgrades to mail sorting machines in the amount of 131 thousand Euros by CTT. CTT Expresso recognised the upgrade of parcel sorting machines worth about 634 thousand Euros, vans and trucks worth approximately 213 thousand Euros and the purchase of pallet trucks for 47 thousand Euro. Payshop acquired 605 payment terminals in the amount of 162 thousand Euros. Tourline acquired pallets in the amount of 34

thousand Euros, IT equipment worth approximately 59 thousand Euros and PDAs amounting to 355 thousand Euros.

Office equipment:

The amount of acquisitions relates essentially to the purchase of safes and security doors totalling 80 thousand Euros, various office equipment worth about 71 thousand Euros, medium and large size equipment for about 460 thousand Euros and the acquisition of several micro-computing equipment for approximately 721 thousand Euros by CTT. Banco CTT acquired several office and IT equipment in the amount of 299 thousand Euros. CTT Expresso acquired medium and large size equipment for about 99 thousand Euros and several micro-computing equipment for approximately 76 thousand Euros. In addition, Tourline acquired office furniture worth 23 thousand Euros and several micro-computing equipment for approximately 21 thousand Euros.

Other tangible fixed assets:

The amount of acquisitions relates essentially to the acquisition by the Company of prevention and safety equipment in the amount of 342 thousand Euros.

Tangible fixed assets in progress:

The amounts under this heading are related to costs of improvements in own and third-party property.

The amounts recorded under write-offs, in the year ended 31 December 2016, with particular emphasis in Basic equipment, are mainly due to the write-offs of CTT assets that were fully depreciated and with considerably old.

In the Group and in the Company, as at 31 December 2016, the amount recorded under transfers of Land and natural resources and Buildings and other constructions include the total amount, net of depreciations, of 2,344,233 Euros regarding the transfer of real estate to non-current assets held for sale (Note 22).

The Group and the Company contractual commitments, related to Tangible fixed assets, are as follows:

Group Company
Hardware communications and SD-WAN 1,013,300 1,013,300
Hardware firewall networks 280,353 280,353
Safes and security doors 83,318 83,318
CCTV 57,152 57,152
Postal furniture 41,326 5,041
Solar panels 15,461 15,461
Upgrades to mail sorting machines 8,540 8,540
1,499,450 1,463,165

6. INTANGIBLE ASSETS

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movements which occurred in the main categories of the Group Intangible assets, as well as the respective accumulated amortisation, were as follows:

2017
Group Development
projects
Computer Software Industrial property Other intangible
assets
Intangible assets in
progress
Total
Intangible assets
Opening balance 4,372,923 69,732,469 11,722,559 444,739 8,870,277 95,142,968
Acquisitions - 2,776,195 1,569,908 - 13,167,265 17,513,369
Transfers and write-offs - 7,727,299 (16,833) - (8,802,367) (1,091,901)
Adjustments - - 21,516 - - 21,516
Changes in the consolidation perimeter 7,629 - - - 19,281 26,910
Closing balance 4,380,552 80,235,963 13,297,151 444,739 13,254,456 111,612,861
Accumulated amortisation
Opening balance 4,360,060 43,021,166 8,400,280 444,739 - 56,226,245
Amortisation for the period 10,495 8,740,207 361,397 - - 9,112,100
Transfers and write-offs - (1,218,272) (16,834) - - (1,235,106)
Adjustments - (454) 7,713 - - 7,259
Changes in the consolidation perimeter 679 - - - - 679
Closing balance 4,371,234 50,542,647 8,752,556 444,739 - 64,111,177
Net intangible assets 9,318 29,693,316 4,544,595 - 13,254,456 47,501,684
2016
Group Development
projects
Computer Software Industrial property Other intangible
assets
Intangible assets in
progress
Total
Intangible assets
Opening balance 4,372,923 48,455,024 12,004,296 444,739 12,175,413 77,452,395
Acquisitions - 7,715,502 17,573 - 10,114,453 17,847,528
Disposals - (15,490) - - - (15,490)
Transfers and write-offs - 13,235,156 1,893 - (13,419,588) (182,539)
Adjustments - (15,640) (301,202) - - (316,843)
Other movements - 357,918 - - - 357,918
Closing balance 4,372,923 69,732,469 11,722,559 444,739 8,870,277 95,142,968
Accumulated amortisation
Opening balance 4,350,412 36,912,898 8,120,329 444,739 - 49,828,379
Amortisation for the period 9,647 6,277,006 336,578 - - 6,623,231
Disposals - (15,490) - - - (15,490)
Transfers and write-offs - (150,959) (454) - - (151,413)
Adjustments - (2,289) (56,173) - - (58,463)
Closing balance 4,360,060 43,021,166 8,400,280 444,739 - 56,226,245
Net intangible assets 12,863 26,711,303 3,322,280 - 8,870,277 38,916,723

The amortisation in the Group for the year ended 31 December 2017, amounting to 9,112,100 Euros (6,623,231 Euros as at 31 December 2016) was recorded under Depreciation / amortisation and impairment of investments, net (Note 47).

In the year ended 31 December 2017, the caption Changes in the consolidation perimeter in the Group, relates to the balances of the company Transporta as at the acquisition date.

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movements which occurred in the main categories of the Company Intangible assets, as well as the respective accumulated amortisation, were as follows:

2017
Company Development
projects
Computer Software Industrial property Other intangible
assets
Intangible assets in
progress
Total
Intangible assets
Opening balance 3,717,326 41,477,392 3,585,840 - 5,546,126 54,326,686
Acquisitions - 37,315 1,557,100 - 9,051,417 10,645,832
Transfers and write-offs - 2,797,117 (16,833) - (4,468,590) (1,688,305)
Closing balance 3,717,326 44,311,825 5,126,108 - 10,128,953 63,284,212
Accumulated amortisation
Opening balance 3,704,463 32,768,108 3,050,370 - - 39,522,942
Amortisation for the period 9,647 5,583,543 66,867 - - 5,660,057
Transfers and write-offs - (1,671,286) (16,833) - - (1,688,119)
Closing balance 3,714,111 36,680,365 3,100,404 - - 43,494,880
Net intangible assets 3,216 7,631,460 2,025,704 - 10,128,953 19,789,332
2016
Company Development
projects
Computer Software Industrial property Other intangible
assets
Intangible assets in
progress
Total
Intangible assets
Opening balance 3,717,326 38,719,172 3,566,374 - 2,009,357 48,012,229
Acquisitions - 679,023 17,573 - 5,664,626 6,361,222
Transfers and write-offs - 2,094,837 1,893 - (2,127,856) (31,126)
Adjustments - (15,640) - - - (15,640)
Closing balance 3,717,326 41,477,392 3,585,840 - 5,546,126 54,326,686
Accumulated amortisation
Opening balance 3,694,816 28,347,075 3,009,661 - - 35,051,552
Amortisation for the period 9,647 4,423,323 40,604 - - 4,473,575
Adjustments - (2,289) 105 - - (2,184)
Closing balance 3,704,463 32,768,108 3,050,370 - - 39,522,942
Net intangible assets 12,863 8,709,284 535,470 - 5,546,126 14,803,744

The amortisation in the Company, for the year ended 31 December 2017, amounting to 5,660,057 Euros (4,473,575 Euros as at 31 December 2016) was recorded under Depreciation / amortisation and impairment of investments, net (Note 47).

The caption Industrial property in the Group includes the license of the trademark "Payshop International" of CTT Contacto, S.A., in the amount of 1,200,000 Euros. This license has an indefinite useful life, therefore it is not amortised.

The transfers occurred in the year ended 31 December 2017 from Intangible assets in progress to Computer software refer to IT projects, which were completed during the year.

The amounts of 797,116 Euros and 798,888 Euros were capitalised in computer software or in intangible assets in progress as at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, respectively, related to Company staff costs incurred in the development of these projects.

During the year ended 31 December 2017, the most significant movements of the Group companies in Intangible assets were the following:

Computer software:

The amount of acquisitions relate essentially to the purchase of software "OPCIS" in the amount of 96 thousand Euros, the acquisition of "SAP Licenças Crystal" for 135 thousand Euros and upgrades to "CBS – Core Banking System" in the amount of 2,007 thousand Euros by Banco CTT.

Industrial property:

The acquisitions under this heading relate essentially to the purchase of licenses "Service Desk Management" licenses in the amount of 453 thousand Euros, the acquisition of "Oracle CMR" licenses for 302 thousand Euros, "SingDoc" licences in the amount of 246 thousand Euros, "HP Data Protector" licences in the amount of 63 thousand Euros and "BigData" licenses in the amount of 263 thousand Euros by the Company.

As at 31 December 2017 the Group and the Company Intangible assets in progress, relate to IT projects which are under development, of which the most relevant are:

Group Company
SAP Hana & Hybris Billing 2,846,202 2,846,202
Management information - Software 901,204 901,204
NAVE evolution 736,189 736,189
BD SQL Server consolidation 622,975 622,975
Aplica Legacy adaptations 617,767 617,767
Mail products evolution 586,899 586,899
Mortgage loans - software 491,317 -
RAID - Software 453,856 453,856
X86 - Servers, storage e backup 342,239 342,239
Business Excellence - Software 292,317 292,317
CRM - Software 287,602 287,602
Security Identity Governance and Intelligence 230,791 -
FATCA/CRS 170,291 -
SAP developments 144,997 144,997
SADIP - Dynamics Change Plans 141,983 141,983
APARTADOS - Software 136,220 136,220
DOL - Treatment and generation of schedules 98,836 98,836
9,101,687 8,209,288

There are no Intangible assets with restricted ownership or any carrying value relative to any Intangible assets which have been given as a guarantee of liabilities.

Contractual commitments relative to the Group and the Company Intangible assets are as follows:

Group Company
CBS - Core Banking System 3,073,959 -
SAP S/4 Hana e SAP Hybris 1,519,633 1,519,633
SIG Postal 436,709 436,709
UAT Projects 161,760 -
Software servers 143,910 143,910
APP Mobile CTT 2.0 61,500 61,500
Worflow Solution 25,943 -
App Receipts Online 22,140 22,140
APP Mobility Android 20,295 20,295
Intranet Banco CTT 16,758 -
CRM - Microsoft Dynamics 12,413 -
Hybrid Mail 3,690 3,690
5,498,710 2,207,877

7. INVESTMENT PROPERTIES

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group and the Company have the following assets classified as investment properties:

2017
Group Company
Land and natural
resources
Buildings and other
constructions
Investment
properties in
progress
Total Land and natural
resources
Buildings and other
constructions
Investment
properties in
progress
Total
Investment properties
Opening balance 3,921,049 18,372,780 - 22,293,828 3,921,049 18,372,780 - 22,293,828
Additions - - 43,152 43,152 - - 43,152 43,152
Disposals (1,038,572) (6,591,606) - (7,630,178) (1,038,572) (6,591,606) - (7,630,178)
Transfers and write-offs - 43,152 (43,152) - - 43,152 (43,152) -
Closing balance 2,882,477 11,824,326 - 14,706,803 2,882,477 11,824,326 - 14,706,803
Accumulated depreciation
Opening balance 210,097 11,500,249 - 11,710,347 210,097 11,500,249 - 11,710,347
Depreciation for the period - 242,117 - 242,117 - 242,117 - 242,117
Disposals (43,557) (4,459,510) - (4,503,066) (43,557) (4,459,510) - (4,503,066)
Closing balance 166,541 7,282,857 - 7,449,397 166,541 7,282,857 - 7,449,397
Accumulated impairment
Opening balance - 1,291,498 - 1,291,498 - 1,291,498 - 1,291,498
Transfers/Adjustments - (198,942) - (198,942) - (198,942) - (198,942)
Closing balance - 1,092,556 - 1,092,556 - 1,092,556 - 1,092,556
Net Investment properties 2,715,936 3,448,913 - 6,164,849 2,715,936 3,448,913 - 6,164,849
2016
Group Company
Land and natural
resources
Buildings and other
constructions
Total Land and natural
resources
Buildings and other
constructions
Total
Investment properties
Opening balance 7,079,433 40,895,219 47,974,653 7,079,433 40,895,219 47,974,653
Disposals (890,140) (8,088,615) (8,978,754) (890,140) (8,088,615) (8,978,754)
Transfers and write-offs (2,268,245) (14,433,825) (16,702,070) (2,268,245) (14,433,825) (16,702,070)
Closing balance 3,921,049 18,372,780 22,293,828 3,921,049 18,372,780 22,293,828
Accumulated depreciation
Opening balance 239,427 26,669,509 26,908,936 239,427 26,669,509 26,908,936
Depreciation for the period - 569,250 569,250 - 569,250 569,250
Disposals (25,824) (5,432,025) (5,457,848) (25,824) (5,432,025) (5,457,848)
Transfers and write-offs (3,506) (10,306,485) (10,309,991) (3,506) (10,306,485) (10,309,991)
Closing balance 210,097 11,500,249 11,710,347 210,097 11,500,249 11,710,347
Accumulated impairment
Opening balance - 1,282,622 1,282,622 - 1,282,622 1,282,622
Transfers/Adjustments - 8,876 8,876 - 8,876 8,876
Closing balance - 1,291,498 1,291,498 - 1,291,498 1,291,498
Net Investment properties 3,710,951 5,581,032 9,291,983 3,710,951 5,581,032 9,291,983

These assets are not allocated to the Group and the Company operating activities, nor have a specific future use.

The market value of these assets, which are classified as investment property, in accordance with the valuations obtained at the end of the fiscal year 2017 which were conducted by independent entities, amounts to 10,643,200 Euros (13,190,970 Euros as at 31 December 2016).

In the year ended 31 December 2017, the amount of disposals relates to the sale of ten properties having the corresponding accounting gains, of 1.1 million Euros, been recorded in the caption Other operating income.

In the year ended 31 December 2016, the amount of disposals relates to the sale of six properties having the corresponding accounting gains, of 1.2 million Euros, been recorded in the caption Other operating income.

In the Group and in the Company, as at 31 December 2016, the amount recorded under transfers of Land and natural resources and Buildings and other constructions includes the total amount, net of depreciations, of 6,412,766 Euros regarding the transfer of real estate to non-current assets held for sale (Note 22).

Depreciation for the year ended on 31 December 2017, of 242,117 Euros (569,250 Euros on 31 December 2016) was recorded in the caption Depreciation/amortisation and impairment of investments, net (Note 47).

Impairment losses of the Company for the period amounting to (198,942) Euros (8,876 Euros on 31 December 2016) were recorded in the caption Depreciation/amortisation and impairment of investments, net (Note 47) and are explained by the market value reduction observed in some buildings.

8. COMPANIES INCLUDED IN THE CONSOLIDATION

Subsidiary companies

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the parent company, CTT - Correios de Portugal, S.A. and the following subsidiaries in which it holds control were included in the consolidation:

2017 2016
Percentage of ownership Percentage of ownership
Company name Place of business Head office Direct Indirect Total Direct Indirect Total
Parent company:
CTT - Correios de Portugal, S.A.
Portugal Av. D. João II N.º 13
1999-001 Lisboa
- - - - - -
Subsidiaries:
CTT Expresso - Serviços Postais e
Logística, S.A. ("CTT Expresso")
Portugal Lugar do Quintanilho
2664-500 São Julião do Tojal
100 - 100 100 - 100
Payshop Portugal, S.A.
("Payshop")
Portugal Av. D. João II N.º 13
1999-001 Lisboa
100 - 100 100 - 100
CTT Contacto, S.A.
("CTT Con")
Portugal Av. D. João II N.º 13
1999-001 Lisboa
100 - 100 100 - 100
Mailtec Comunicação , S.A.
("Mailtec TI")
Portugal Av. D. João II N.º 13
1999-001 Lisboa
100 - 100 100 - 100
Tourline Express Mensajería, SLU.
("TourLine")
Spain Calle Pedrosa C, 38-40 Hospitalet de
Llobregat (08908)- Barcelona - Spain
100 - 100 100 - 100
Correio Expresso de Moçambique, S.A.
("CORRE")
Mozambique Av. Zedequias Manganhela, 309
Maputo - Mozambique
50 - 50 50 - 50
Escrita Inteligente , S.A.
("RONL")
Portugal Av. D. João II N.º 13
1999-001 Lisboa
100 - 100 100 - 100
Banco CTT, S.A.
("BancoCTT")
Portugal Av. D. João II N.º 11
1999-001 Lisboa
100 - 100 100 - 100
Transporta - Transportes Porta a Porta, S.A.
("Transporta")
Portugal Estrada de São Marcos N.º 15
2735-521 Cacém
100 - 100 - - -

In relation to the company CORRE, as the Group has the right to variable returns arising from its involvement and the ability to affect those returns, it is included in the consolidation.

On 27 April 2017 the share capital of Banco CTT, S.A. was increased by 40,000,000 Euros, currently totalling 125,000,000 Euros.

On 4 May 2017, CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A., acquired 100% of the share capital of the company Transporta – Transportes Porta a Porta, S.A. for the amount of 1,728,091 Euros.

In June 2017, Tourline Express Mensajería, SLU was subject to an operation of reduction and increase of share capital as part of the recapitalization plan for this company. Following this operation, Tourline's share capital amounts to 500,000 Euros.

In August 2017 the subsidiary Corre - Correio Expresso de Moçambique, SA was subject to a capital increase by incorporation of credits of both shareholders in the total amount of 371,634 Euros.

On 17 March 2016, CTT Expresso, S.A. sold to CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A., 100% of the shareholding in the subsidiary Tourline Express Mensajería, SLU. This transaction had no impact on the consolidation perimeter.

Tourline Express Mensajería, SLU, was, on 5 May 2015, subject to a share capital increase of 1,000,000 Euros.

On 16 May 2016 and 24 October 2016, the share capital of Banco CTT, S.A. was increased by 26,000,000 Euros and 25,000,000 Euros, respectively, totalling 85,000,000 Euros in 2016.

Joint ventures

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group held the following interests in joint ventures, registered through the equity method:

2017 2016
Percentage of ownership Percentage of ownership
Company name Place of business Head office Direct Indirect Total Direct Indirect Total
NewPost, ACE Portugal Av. Fontes Pereira de Melo, 40
Lisboa
49 - 49 49 - 49
PTP & F, ACE Portugal Estrada Casal do Canas
Amadora
- 51 51 - 51 51

2017 2016

Associated companies

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group held the following interests in associated companies accounted for by the equity method:

Percentage of ownership Percentage of ownership
Company name Place of business Head office Direct Indirect Total Direct Indirect Total
Multicert - Serviços de Certificação Electrónica, S.A.
("Multicert")
Portugal R. do Centro Cultural, 2
Lisboa
20 - 20 20 - 20
Payshop Moçambique, S.A. (a) Mozambique R. da Sé, 114-4º.
Maputo - Mozambique
- - - - 35 35
Mafelosa, SL (b) Spain Castellon - Spain - 25 25 - 25 25
Urpacksur, SL (b) Spain Málaga - Spain - 30 30 - 30 30

(a) Company held by Payshop Portugal, S.A., which was liquidated during 2017. (b) Company held by Tourline Mensajeria, SLU, which currently has no activity.

Changes in the consolidation perimeter

During the year ended 31 December 2017, the consolidation perimeter was changed following the acquisition of the company Transporta – Transportes Porta a Porta, S.A. on 4 May 2017.

In accordance with IFRS 3 - Business Combinations, during the year ended on 31 December 2017, the Group carried out a new assessment of the fair value of the assets and the liabilities acquired, and the amount of future contingent payments corresponding to the earn-outs payable due to the generation of synergies and future revenues. Therefore, the initial Goodwill assessed on the date of the acquisition of Transporta was adjusted as shown below:

Initial recognition Adjustments Final recognition
Assts acquired 5,501,653 79,148 5,580,801
Liabilities acquired 3,908,463 - 3,908,463
Net assets acquired 1,593,190 79,148 1,672,338
Goodwill (Note 9) 134,901 2,820,852 2,955,753
Acquisition value 1,728,091 2,900,000 4,628,091

The main impacts on results as at 31 December 2017 are as follows and refer to the months from May to December:

Caption
Amount
Revenues
Operating costs
Earnings before financial income and taxes
Other captions
Income Statement - 31.12.2017
8,916,524
(11,579,690)
(2,663,166)
470,752
Net profit for the period (2,192,414)

9. GOODWILL

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group Goodwill was made up as follows:

Group
Year of
acquisition
2017 2016
Mailtec Comunicação, S.A. 2004 6,161,326 7,294,638
Payshop Portugal, S.A. 2004 406,101 406,101
Transporta, S.A. 2017 2,955,753 -
9,523,180 7,700,739

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movements in Goodwill were as follows:

Group
2017 2016
Opening balance 7,700,739 8,058,656
Acquisitions 2,955,753 -
Impairment (1,133,312) -
Final measurement of goodwill - (357,917)
Closing balance 9,523,180 7,700,739

The acquisitions in the period ended 31 December 2017 relate to the acquisition of the company Transporta and a Goodwill amounting to 2,955,753 Euros was recorded as a result of the initial recognition as well as the new valuation of the fair value of the assets acquired as determined in IFRS 3 - Business Combinations.

During the year ended 31 December 2017, as a result of the reduction in the business of Mailtec Comunicações, S.A., the Group reviewed the business evolution estimates, which were incorporated into the future cash flows used in the impairment test carried out in 2017, and an impairment loss amounting to 1,133,312 Euros relating to the Goodwill of the referred company was recorded.

During the year ended 31 December 2016 in accordance with IFRS 3 - Business Combinations, the initial Goodwill recognition of the purchase of Escrita Inteligente, S.A. was revised based on information that allowed that amount to be fully assigned to the fair value of the "Recibos Online" computer platform. As a result, the amount of 357,917 Euros was reclassified to Intangible Assets - Computer Programmes.

Goodwill impairment assessment

The recoverable amount of Goodwill is assessed annually or whenever there is indication of a possible loss of value. The recoverable amount is determined based on the value in use of the assets, computed using calculation methodologies supported by discounted cash flow techniques, considering the market conditions, the time value and business risks.

During the year ended 31 December 2017, in order to determine the recoverable amount of its investments, the Group performed impairment tests as at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016 based on the following assumptions:

2017
Company name Activity Base for
determining the
recoverable
amount
Explicit period
for cash flows
Discount rate
(WACC)
Perpetutiy
rate growth
Mailtec Comunicação, SA Documental services Equity Value/DCF 5 years 9.82% 1.00%
Payshop Portugal, SA Management of payment points network Equity Value/DCF 5 years 9.61% 1.00%
Transporta - Transportes Porta a Porta, SA Cargo and Logistics Equity Value/DCF 5 years 9.50% 1.00%
2016
Company Activity Base for
determining the
recoverable
amount
Explicit period for
cash flows
Discount rate
(WACC)
Perpetutiy
rate growth
Mailtec Comunicação, SA
Payshop Portugal, SA
Documental services
Management of payment points network
Equity Value/DCF
Equity Value/DCF
5 years
5 years
10.00%
10.82%
0.50%
0.50%

The decrease in the discount rate (WACC) for the year ended 31 December 2017 was a result of the decrease in the country's risk premium, measured by the yields' spreads of the Portuguese government bonds in relation to the risk-free bonds of the Eurozone.

The increase in the perpetuity growth rate "g" is related to the upward revision of the Portuguese GDP growth rate.

The cash flow projections were based on the historical performance and the medium and long-term business plans, approved by the Board of Directors. As a consequence of this impairment analysis, the Group concluded that as at 31 December 2017 there were impairment losses related to Goodwill of Mailtec Comunicação, S.A..

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the impairment losses registered in the Group are as follows:

2017
Year of
acquisition
Initial value
of Goodwill
Impairment
losses for the
period
Accumulated
impairment
losses
Disposals Carrying
value
Tourline Express Mensajería, SLU 2005 20,671,985 - 20,671,985 - -
Mailtec Comunicação, S.A. 2004 7,294,638 1,133,312 - - 6,161,326
27,966,623 1,133,312 20,671,985 - 6,161,326
2016
Year of
acquisition
Initial value
of Goodwill
Impairment
losses for the
period
Accumulated
impairment
losses
Disposals Carrying
value
Tourline Express Mensajería, SLU 2005 20,671,985 - 20,671,985 - -
Payshop Moçambique, S.A. (a) 2008 235,946 - 235,946 - -
20,907,931 - 20,907,931 - -

(a) Held by Payshop Portugal, S.A., a subsidiary of CTT Group

Sensitivity analyses were performed on the results of the impairment tests, namely regarding the following key assumptions: (i) perpetuity growth rate and (ii) discount rates.

The results of the sensitivity analyses for Payshop do not entail the existence of impairment indicators. Regarding Transporta, there is a greater sensitivity to the decrease in the perpetuity growth rate. As regards Mailtec Comunicação, there are signs of impairment, as follows, already reflected in the recognition of an impairment of 1,133,312 Euros:

Maitec Comunicação
(thousand euros)
Variation of sovereign risk and variation of perpetuity growth (g)
WACC
Impairment *
7.8%
8.8%
9.8% 10.8% 11.8%
0.25% 483 -622 -1,497 -2,208 -2,797
0.50% 689 -470 -1,382 -2,119 -2,727
g 1.00% 1,148 -137 -1,133 -1,928 -2,578
2.00% 2,302 674 -540 -1,481 -2,233
2.25% 2,655 916 -367 -1,353 -2,136

* impairment if negative

Payshop (thousand euros)

Variation of sovereign risk and variation of perpetuity growth (g)

WACC
Impairment * 7.6% 8.6% 9.6% 10.6% 11.6%
0.00% 57,510 50,686 45,282 40,897 37,267
0.50% 60,378 52,808 46,899 42,158 38,270
g 1.00% 63,680 55,210 48,705 43,551 39,368
1.50% 67,523 57,949 50,732 45,097 40,575
2.00% 72,052 61,103 53,027 46,823
41,907

* impairment if negative

Transporta (thousand euros)

Variation of sovereign risk and variation of perpetuity growth (g)

WACC
Impairment * 7.5% 8.5% 9.5% 10.5% 11.5%
0.00% 3,331 2,076 1,087 289 -368
0.50% 3,858 2,463 1,380 517 -188
g 1.00% 4,466
2,902
1,708 768 9
1.50% 5,175 3,403 2,077 1,048 226
2.00% 6,013 3,982 2,495 1,360 466

* impairment if negative

10. INVESTMENTS IN SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movements occurred in the Company in Investments in subsidiary companies were as follows:

Company
2017 2016
Investments in
subsidiary
companies
Provisions for
investments in
subsidiary companies
Total Investments in
subsidiary
companies
Provisions for
investments in
subsidiary companies
Total
Opening balance 102,976,700 (6,912,830) 96,063,870 65,166,836 - 65,166,836
Equity method (15,497,216) (6,910,256) (22,407,472) (4,683,536) (6,236,643) (10,920,179)
Distribution of dividends (7,143,238) - (7,143,238) (8,580,799) - (8,580,799)
Share capital increase 40,286,513 9,585,544 49,872,058 51,000,000 1,000,000 52,000,000
Acquisitions 4,628,091 - 4,628,091 2,402,186 - 2,402,186
Other (1,069,792) - (1,069,792) (2,327,987) (1,676,186) (4,004,173)
Closing balance 124,181,057 (4,237,541) 119,943,515 102,976,700 (6,912,830) 96,063,871

The caption Share capital increase includes the Banco CTT's share capital increases, occurred on 27 April 2017, in the amount of 40,000,000 Euros, and in 2016 in the total amount of 51,000,000 Euros.

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the detail by company of Investments in subsidiaries ofthe Company was as follows:

2017
Company %
held
Assets Liabilities Equity Net
profit
Goodwill Investments Provisions Proportion
of net profit
CTT Expresso,S.A. 100% 42,147,576 16,216,154 25,931,422 2,370,841 - 25,931,422 - 2,370,841
CTT Contacto, S.A. 100% 3,948,353 1,625,610 2,322,743 1,312,886 - 2,322,743 - 1,312,886
Payshop Portugal, S.A. 100% 10,354,680 4,413,468 5,941,212 4,124,840 406,101 5,941,212 - 4,124,840
Mailtec Comunicação S.A. 100% 5,660,047 1,947,563 3,712,484 33,106 6,161,326 3,712,484 - 33,106
CORRE - Correio Expresso Moçambique, S.A. 50% 1,449,800 1,326,799 123,001 (295,842) - 146,738 - (147,921)
Escrita Inteligente, S.A. 100% 173,802 131,759 42,043 (26,672) - 213,843 - (26,672)
Banco CTT, S.A. 100% 720,792,307 644,402,875 76,389,433 (21,301,635) - 76,389,433 - (21,301,635)
Tourline Express Mensajería, SLU 100% 21,435,314 23,559,031 (2,123,717) (6,503,280) - - 3,830,565 (6,503,280)
Transporta - Transportes Porta à Porta, S.A. 100% 7,523,653 7,930,629 (406,976) (2,636,795) 2,955,753 - 406,976 (2,018,689)
9,523,180 114,657,877 4,237,541 (22,156,524)
2016
Company %
held
Assets Liabilities Equity Net
profit
Goodwill Investments Provisions Proportion
of net profit
CTT Expresso,S.A. 100% 42,644,543 19,083,962 23,560,581 9,821,754 - 23,560,581 - 9,821,754
CTT Contacto, S.A. 100% 4,536,738 2,081,835 2,454,903 1,445,047 - 2,454,903 - 1,445,047
Payshop Portugal, S.A. 100% 9,644,371 2,375,635 7,268,736 5,452,364 406,101 7,268,736 - 5,452,364
Mailtec Comunicação S.A. 100% 6,686,450 2,761,244 3,925,206 245,828 7,294,638 3,925,206 - 245,828
CORRE - Correio Expresso Moçambique, S.A. 50% 1,799,265 1,640,994 (158,271) (526,656) - - 79,135 (263,328)
Escrita Inteligente, S.A. 100% 164,691 95,975 68,716 (11,448) - 412,316 - (11,448)
Banco CTT, S.A. 100% 318,633,790 260,979,572 57,654,218 (21,438,570) - 57,654,218 - (21,438,570)
Tourline Express Mensajería, SLU 100% 18,724,316 23,851,162 (5,126,846) (7,833,694) - - 6,833,694 (6,157,508)
7,700,739 95,275,961 6,912,830 (10,905,863)

As referred to Note 8, on 17 March 2016, CTT Expresso, S.A. sold CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A., 100% of its shareholding in the subsidiary Tourline Express Mensajería, SLU.

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the net income in subsidiary companies arising from the application of the equity method, and stated under Gains/losses from subsidiaries, associated companies and joint ventures in the Income statement were recognised against the following items on the balance sheet:

Company
2017 2016
Investment in subsidiaries
CTT Expresso,S.A. 2,370,841 9,821,754
CTT Contacto, S.A. 1,312,886 1,445,047
Payshop Portugal, S.A. 4,124,840 5,452,364
Mailtec Comunicação S.A. 33,106 245,828
CORRE - Correio Expresso Moçambique, S.A. (147,921) (184,193)
Escrita Inteligente, S.A. (198,472) (25,765)
Banco CTT, S.A. (21,301,635) (21,438,570)
Transporta - Transportes Porta à Porta, S.A. (1,690,861) -
(15,497,216) (4,683,536)
Provisions - Investment in subsidiaries
CORRE - Correio Expresso Moçambique, S.A. - (79,135)
Tourline Express Mensajería, SLU (6,503,280) (6,157,508)
Transporta - Transporte Porta à Porta, S.A. (406,976) -
(6,910,256) (6,236,643)
(22,407,472) (10,920,179)

11. INVESTMENTS IN ASSOCIATED COMPANIES

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group and the Company investments in associated companies had the following movements:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Gross carrying value
Opening balance 296,260 255,695 295,779 255,214
Equity method - proportion of net income - 40,565 - 40,565
Closing balance 296,260 296,260 295,779 295,779

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the detail by company of the Group and the Company investments in associated companies were as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Multicert, S.A. 295,779 295,779 295,779 295,779
Urpacksur, S.L. 481 481 - -
296,260 296,260 295,779 295,779
2017
Group %
held
Assets Liabilities Equity Net
profit
Investments Provisions Proportion
of net profit
Multicert - Serviços de Certificação Electrónica, S.A. (a) 20% 2,796,735 1,317,841 1,478,894 202,821 295,779 - n.a.
Mafelosa, SL (b) (c) 25% n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. - - n.a.
Urpacksur (b) (c) 30% n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 481 - n.a.
296,260 - -
(a) Data reported as at December 2015
(b) Companies held by Tourline Express Mensajeria

(c) Companies without activity

2016
Group %
held
Assets Liabilities Equity Net
profit
Investments Provisions Proportion
of net profit
Multicert - Serviços de Certificação Electrónica, S.A. (a) 20% 2,796,735 1,317,841 1,478,894 202,821 295,779 - 40,565
Payshop Moçambique, S.A. (b) 35% n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. - - n.a.
Mafelosa, SL (c) (d) 25% n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. - - n.a.
Urpacksur (c) (d) 30% n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 481 - n.a.
296,260 - 40,565

(a) Data reported as at December 2015

(b) Company held by Payshop Portugal, which is in liquidation process

(c) Companies held by Tourline Express Mensajeria

(d) Companies without activity

2017
Company %
held
Assets Liabilities Equity Net
profit
Investments Provisions Proportion
of net profit
Multicert - Serviços de Certificação Electrónica, S.A. (a) 20% 2,796,735 1,317,841 1,478,894 202,821 295,779
295,779
-
-
n.a.
-

(a) Data reported as at December 2015

2016
Company %
held
Assets Liabilities Equity Net
profit
Investments Provisions Proportion
of net profit
Multicert - Serviços de Certificação Electrónica, S.A. (a) 20% 2,796,735 1,317,841 1,478,894 202,821 295,779 - 40,565
295,779 - 40,565

(a) Data reported as at December 2015

During the year ended 31 December 2017, the company Payshop Mocambique, S.A. was liquidated.

The amount of 40,565 Euros, is related to the portion of 2015 income that had not been recognised in that year regarding Multicert, S.A.. No additional movements occurred in this participation since the company does not have updated financial information.

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the net income in associated companies arising from the application of the equity method, and stated under Gains/losses from subsidiaries, associated companies and joint ventures in the Income statement were recognised against the following items on the balance sheet:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Investment in associated companies
Multicert, S.A. - 40,565 - 40,565
Urpacksur, S.L. - - - -
- 40,565 - 40,565

12. INVESTMENTS IN JOINT VENTURES

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the detail of the Group and the Company investments in joint ventures were as follows:

2017
Group %
held
Assets Liabilities Equity Net
profit
Investments Provisions Proportion
of net profit
PTP & F, ACE
NewPost, ACE
51%
49%
-
377,886
-
377,886
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2016 - - -
Group %
held
Assets Liabilities Equity Net
profit
Investments Provisions Proportion
of net profit
PTP & F, ACE 51% 1,230 1,230 - - - - -
Ti-Post Prestação Serviços Informáticos, ACE (a) - - - - - - - -
NewPost, ACE (b) 49% 343,360 343,360 - - - - -
- - -

(a) The joint-venture has been dissolved during the year 2016

(b) Previously named Postal Network - Prestação de Serviços de Gestão de Infra-Estruturas de Comunicações, ACE

2017
Company %
held
Assets Liabilities Equity Net
profit
Investments Provisions Proportion
of net profit
NewPost, ACE 49% 377,886 377,886 - - -
-
-
-
-
-
2016
Company %
held
Assets Liabilities Equity Net
profit
Investments Provisions Proportion
of net profit
Ti-Post Prestação Serviços Informáticos, ACE (a) - - - - - - - -
NewPost, ACE (b) 49% 343,360 343,360 - - - - -
- - -

(a) The joint-venture has been dissolved during the year 2016

(b) Previously named Postal Network - Prestação de Serviços de Gestão de Infra-Estruturas de Comunicações, ACE

13.OTHER INVESTMENTS

The other investments include non-listed capital instruments whose fair value cannot be reliably measured. The amounts of these instruments recognised at cost as at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, in the Group and the Company, were as follows:

Group and Company
Company Head office 2017 2016
IPC-International Post Corporation Brussels - Belgium 6,157 6,157
Eurogiro Network Copenhagen - Denmark 124,435 124,435
Tagus Park Lisbon - Portugal 1,372,743 1,372,743
CEPT Copenhagen - Denmark 237 237
1,503,572 1,503,572

During the year, no impairment loss was recognised in these investments.

There are no market prices available for the mentioned investments and it is not possible to determine fair value in the period using comparable transactions. These instruments were not measured through discounted cash flows since these could not be reliably determined.

14. INVESTMENTS HELD TO MATURITY

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group Investments held to maturity included in current and non-current assets showed the following composition:

2017 2016
Non-current
Debt securities and other fixed-income securities
Public issuers 228,806,240 78,863,164
Other issuers 17,021,519 15,122,951
245,827,759 93,986,115
Current
Debt securities and other fixed-income securities
Public issuers 8,729,378 878,115
Other issuers 6,991,995 230,313
15,721,373 1,108,428
261,549,132 95,094,543

The analysis of the residual maturity of the investments held to maturity as at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, is detailed as follows:

2017
Current Non-current
Due within 3
months
Over 3 months and
less than 1 year
Over 1 year and less
than 3 years
Over 3 years Total
Debt securities and other fixed-income securities
Public issuers 3,645,824 5,083,554 32,678,233 196,128,007 237,535,618
Other issuers 1,683,085 5,308,910 14,603,866 2,417,653 24,013,514
5,328,909 10,392,464 47,282,099 198,545,660 261,549,132
2016
Current Non-current
Due within 3
months
Over 3 months and
less than 1 year
Over 1 year and less
than 3 years
Over 3 years Total
Debt securities and other fixed-income securities
Public issuers 878,115 - 12,256,862 66,606,302 79,741,279
Other issuers 22,818 207,495 - 15,122,951 15,353,264
900,933 207,495 12,256,862 81,729,253 95,094,543

15. FINANCIAL ASSETS AVAILABLE FOR SALE

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the composition of the Group heading Financial assets available for sale is as follows:

2017 2016
Non-current
Debt securities and other fixed-income securities
Public issuers 562,115 540,400
Other issuers 2,613,065 3,933,214
3,175,180 4,473,614
Current
Debt securities and other fixed-income securities
Public issuers 13,765 139,180
Other issuers 2,562,429 1,834,531
2,576,194 1,973,711
5,751,374 6,447,325

The analysis of the Financial assets available for sale and the corresponding residual maturity is detailed as follows:

2017
Cost (1) Fair value
reserve
Impairment losses Total
Debt securities and other fixed-income securities
Public-debt securities
National 545,545 30,335 - 575,880
Foreign - - - -
Other issuers
National 250,002 - - 250,002
Foreign 4,905,504 19,988 - 4,925,492
5,701,051 50,323 - 5,751,374

(1) Acquisition cost regarding shares and other equity instruments and amortised cost regarding debt securities.

2017
Current Non-current
Due within 3
months
Over 3 months
and less than 1
year
Over 1 year and less
than 3 years
Over 3 years Total
Debt securities and other fixed-income securities
Public-debt securities
National 13,765 - - 562,115 575,880
Foreign - - - - -
Other issuers
National 250,002 - - - 250,002
Foreign 239,942 2,072,485 2,500,506 112,559 4,925,492
503,709 2,072,485 2,500,506 674,674 5,751,374
2016
Cost (1) Fair value reserve Impairment losses Total
Debt securities and other fixed-income securities
Public-debt securities
National 679,406 174 - 679,580
Foreign - - - -

Other issuers

Foreign 5,754,445 13,300 - 5,767,745 6,433,851 13,474 - 6,447,325

(1) Acquisition cost regarding shares and other equity instruments and amortised cost regarding debt securities.

2016
Current Non-current
Due within 3
months
Over 3 months
and less than 1
year
Over 1 year and less
than 3 years
Over 3 years Total
Debt securities and other fixed-income securities
Public-debt securities
National 14,866 124,314 - 540,400 679,580
Foreign - - - - -
Other issuers
National - - - - -
Foreign 562,258 1,272,273 3,614,529 318,685 5,767,745
577,124 1,396,587 3,614,529 859,085 6,447,325

National - - - -

16.OTHER BANKING FINANCIAL ASSETS

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group headings Other banking financial assets and Other banking financial liabilities showed the following composition:

2017 2016
Non-current assets
Investments in credit institutions - -
Loans to credit institutions 11,831,122 -
11,831,122 -
Current assets
Investments in credit institutions 82,221,285 58,718,171
Loans to credit institutions 7,859,401 -
Other 1,336,398 336,132
91,417,084 59,054,303
103,248,206 59,054,303
Current liabilities
Other 17,882,160 1,218,205
17,882,160 1,218,205

Regarding the captions Investments in credit institutions and Loans to credit institutions, the scheduling by maturity is as follows:

2017 2016
Up to 3 months 16,716,838 42,111,692
From 3 to 6 months 16,078,185 4,500,135
From 6 to 12 months 57,285,663 12,106,344
From 1 to 3 years 7,473,850 -
Over 3 years 4,357,272 -
101,911,808 58,718,171

17. FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT

The Group and the Company activities imply exposure to financial risks. Financial risk is defined as the probability of obtaining results that are different from those expected, whether positive or negative, thus changing the net worth of the Group in a material and unexpected way. Risk management focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to mitigate the adverse effects arising from this unpredictability on the Group and the Company's financial performance.

Under the non-banking activity, financial risk management integrates the Risk Management System of the Group and the Company reporting directly to the Executive Committee. The departments of Finance and Risk Management and Accounting and Treasury ensure the centralised management of financing operations, investment of surplus liquidity, exchange transactions as well as the counterparty risk management of the Group and the monitoring of the foreign currency exchange rate risk, according to the policies approved by the Executive Committee. Additionally, they are responsible for the identification, assessment, proposal and implementation of mitigating measures of financial risks that the Group and the Company are exposed to. The Group and the Company are developing an integrated risk management system.

Under the banking activity, Banco CTT has an independent risk management system, based on a set of concepts, principles, rules and on an organizational model applicable and adjusted to the specificities and to the regulatory framework of its activity.

Banco CTT's risk management and internal control policy aims to maintain an adequate relationship between its equity and the activity developed, as well as the corresponding risk profile assessment / return by line of business.

In this context, it is relevant to monitor and control the main types of financial risks - credit, market, liquidity and operational – to which the Bank's activity is subject to.

The financial risks of particular importance include credit risk, market risk, interest and exchange rate risk as well as liquidity risk.

Credit risk

Credit risk essentially refers to the risk that a third party fails on its contractual obligations, resulting in financial losses to the Group and the Company. Thus, credit risk basically resides in the accounts receivable from customers and other debtors, related to its operating and treasury activities.

The deterioration of economic conditions or adversities which affect economies may lead to difficulty or incapacity of customers to pay their liabilities, with consequent negative effects on the net income of the Group companies. For this purpose, an effort has been made to reduce the average receivable term and amount of credit granted to clients.

Under the non-banking activity, credit risk management is based on a set of standards and guidelines, part of the Granting of credit to customers Regulation ("Regulamento de Concessão de Crédito a Clientes" (RCCC)) and comprises the processes of credit granting, monitoring and debt recovery.

Considering the guiding principles of the Group and the Company Risk Management, a methodology of credit risk assessment is defined which allows, a priori, and based on the information available at the time, to evaluate the Customer's capacity to comply with all its obligations on time and within the conditions established. Based on this evaluation, a credit limit is defined for the customer, whose progress is regularly monitored.

The credit risk in the accounts receivable is monitored on a regular basis by each business of the Group companies and monthly monitored by the Credit Committee with the purpose of limiting the credit granted to Customers, considering the respective profile and the ageing of receivable of each customer, ensuring the follow-up of the evolution of credit that has been granted and analysing the recoverability of the receivables.

Regarding Banco CTT, an impairment model was defined and implemented based on IAS 39 and the respective reference criteria of the Bank of Portugal defined in Circular Letter no. 2/2014. In addition, the model takes into account definitions and criteria that have been published by EBA and future IFRS 9 standards.

The monitoring of Banco CTT's credit risk profile, in particular with regard to the evolution of credit exposures and the monitoring of losses, is carried out on a regular basis by the Risk Committee. Compliance with approved credit requirements and limits are also subject to review on a regular basis.

The impairment losses for accounts receivable are calculated considering essentially: (i) the ageing of the accounts receivable; (ii) the risk profile of each client; and (iii) the financial situation of the client. The movement of impairment losses of accounts receivable is disclosed in Notes 25 and 46.

As at 31 December 2017, the Group and the Company believe that impairment losses in accounts receivable are adequately estimated and recorded in the financial statements.

In addition, within the scope of treasury activities, the credit risk essentially results from the cash deposits investments made both by the Group and the Company. With the purpose of reducing that risk, the Group and the Company policy is to invest in short/medium-term periods negotiated with

several financial institutions, all with a relatively high credit rating (considering the rating of the Portuguese Republic).

The Group and the Company credit risk quality, as at 31 December 2017, related to these types of assets (Cash and cash equivalents as stated in Note 23, excluding the cash value) whose counterparties are financial institutions are detailed as follows:

2017
Rating (1) Group Company
Aa3 30,330,358 364
A1 4,596 4,596
A3 33,629 -
Baa1 12,069,413 278,907
Baa1 (2) 455,588 455,588
Baa2 44,070,594 -
Baa3 550,357 545,536
Ba1 145,049,835 23,237,668
Ba2 24,107,215 15,771,398
Ba3 (3) 1,720 1,720
B1 7,699,033 7,041,699
B3 127,948,793 124,298,116
Caa2 182,804,795 180,311,057
Others (4) 1,948,642 338,137
546,744,210 352,284,422

(1) Rating assigned by Moody's.

(2) Conversion of BBB+ rating by Fitch.

(3) Conversion of BB- rating by Standard & Poor's.

(4) Others with no rating.

As at 31 December 2017, the Group and the Company caption Cash and cash equivalents included term deposits of 297,867,550 Euros and 294,082,565 Euros, respectively (385,211,431 Euros and 374,203,045 Euros as at 31 December 2016) (Note 23).

The following table includes the maximum exposure to credit risk associated with financial assets held by the Group and the Company. These amounts include only financial assets subject to credit risk and do not reconcile with the consolidated and individual balance sheet:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Non-current
Investments held to maturity 245,827,759 93,986,115 - -
Other assets 1,375,223 1,306,148 1,092,403 1,110,991
Credit to bank clients 64,263,948 - - -
Financial assets available for sale 3,175,180 4,473,614 - -
Financial assets available for sale 11,831,122 - - -
Current
Accounts receivable 132,480,130 122,113,270 95,987,068 94,323,683
Credit to bank clients 15,083,442 7,103,905 - -
Investments held to maturity 15,721,373 1,108,428 - -
Other assets 14,811,314 19,660,308 11,840,911 18,226,686
Financial assets available for sale 2,576,194 1,973,711 - -
Other banking financial assets 91,417,084 59,054,303 - -
Cash and cash equivalents 577,074,567 563,004,956 352,284,786 433,648,736
1,175,637,335 873,784,759 461,205,169 547,310,095

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk is essentially related to the interest obtained from the application of surplus liquidity and to the determination, through the impact of the discount rate, of the estimate of employee benefit liabilities. Gains arising from financial operations are important, therefore changes in interest rates have a direct impact on the Group and the Company Financial results.

In order to leverage the period/rate relationship on one hand and the risk/yield relationship on the other hand, the Group and the Company monitor the market trends on a regular and systematic basis. Cash investments follow criteria of financial risk diversification, both at term and institution levels, which are regularly reviewed and updated.

In the Group the investment of surplus liquidity, on 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, generated interest income of 255,800 Euros and 671,599 Euros, respectively (Note 49). Additionally, interest income is recorded for financial services in the caption Other operating income, in the years of 2017 and 2016, amounting to 215,312 Euros and 334,714 Euros, respectively (Note 42).

In the Company the investment of surplus liquidity, on 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, generated interest income of 192,699 Euros and 588,919 Euros, respectively (Note 49). Additionally, interest income is recorded for financial services in the caption Other operating income, in the years of 2017 and 2016, amounting to 215,312 Euros and 334,714 Euros, respectively (Note 42).

The Group and the Company generally negotiate their deposits at fixed rates, while loans are negotiated at variable rates. Due to the reduced amount of its loans, the Group and the Company believe that the difference between the financial assets fixed rate and the floating rate of the financial liabilities does not represent a significant potential impact on the income statement.

If the interest rates had a variation of 0.25 b.p., during the year ended 31 December 2017, the effect in the interest would have been 353 thousand Euros in the Group and 522 thousand Euros in the Company (544 thousand Euros and 708 thousand Euros as at 31 December 2016, respectively).

Foreign currency exchange rate risk

Under the non-banking activity, exchange rate risk is related to the existence of balances in currencies other than the Euro, in particular balances arising from transactions with foreign Postal Operators recorded in Special Drawing Rights (SDR) and the related changes on the fair value of the financial assets and liabilities, as a result of changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

The management of foreign exchange risk relies on the periodic monitoring of the degree of exposure to the exchange rate risk of assets and liabilities, with the reference of previously defined objectives based on the evolution of the international business activities.

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the net exposure (assets minus liabilities) of the Group amounted to 4,230,477 SDR (5,023,565 Euros at the exchange rate €/SDR 1.18747), and 3,351,568 SDR (4,274,389 Euros at the exchange rate €/SDR 1.27534), respectively.

As far as the Company is concerned, as at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the net exposure (assets minus liabilities) amounted to 3,578,740 SDR (4,249,646 Euros at the exchange rate €/SDR 1.18747), and 1,902,678 SDR (2,426,561 Euros at the exchange rate €/SDR 1.27534), respectively.

In the sensitivity analysis performed for the balances of accounts receivable and payable to foreign Postal Operators, on 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, assuming an increase / decrease in the exchange rate € / SDR of 10%, the Group's profit and losses would have been higher by 502,356 Euros and by 427,439 Euros, respectively. The impact on the Company's profit and losses would have been higher by 424,965 Euros and by 242,656 Euros, respectively.

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk may occur if the funding sources, such as cash balances, operating cash flows and cash flows from divestment operations, credit lines and cash flows obtained from financial operations, do not match the Group's financial needs, such as cash outflows for operating and financing activities and investments and shareholder remuneration. Based on the cash flow generated by operations and the available cash on hand, the Group and the Company believe that they have the capacity to meet their obligations.

Their main contractual obligations are related to the financing obtained (essentially financial leases) and respective interest, the operating leases and other non-contingent financial commitments.

The following tables detail the expected contractual obligations and financial commitments as at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016 for the Group and the Company and do not reconcile with the balance sheet:

2017
Group Due within 1 year Over 1 year and less
than 5 years
Over 5 years Total
Financial liabilities
Debts 10,314,256 80,412 - 10,394,668
Accounts payable 375,607,793 - - 375,607,793
Banking client deposits and other loans 619,229,680 - - 619,229,680
Other current liabilities 33,104,164 - - 33,104,164
Non-financial liabilities
Operating leases (Note 44) 7,741,799 5,508,903 - 13,250,702
Non-contingent financial commitments (1) 6,998,159 - - 6,998,159
1,052,995,851 5,589,315 - 1,058,585,166
2016
Group Due within 1 year Over 1 year and less
than 5 years
Over 5 years Total
Financial liabilities
Debts 9,688,092 137,072 - 9,825,163
Accounts payable 434,568,171 - - 434,568,171
Banking client deposits and other loans 253,944,840 - - 253,944,840
Other current liabilities 24,036,928 - - 24,036,928
Non-financial liabilities
Operating leases (Note 44) 10,401,717 11,439,870 - 21,841,587
Non-contingent financial commitments (1) 7,375,965 - - 7,375,965
740,015,712 11,576,941 - 751,592,654

(1) The non-contingent financial commitments are essentially related to contracts signed with tangible fixed assets and intangible assets suppliers and a corresponding liability has not been recognised in the balance sheet (Notes 5 and 6).

2017
Company Due within 1 year Over 1 year and less
than 5 years
Over 5 years Total
Financial liabilities
Debts - - - -
Accounts payable 352,024,409 - - 352,024,409
Other current liabilities 27,593,558 - - 27,593,558
Non-financial liabilities
Operating leases (Note 44) 6,695,559 4,624,406 - 11,319,965
Non-contingent financial commitments (1) 3,671,042 - - 3,671,042
389,984,567 4,624,406 - 394,608,973
2016
Company Due within 1 year Over 1 year and less
than 5 years
Over 5 years Total
Financial liabilities
Debts 725,593 - - 725,593
Accounts payable 416,423,188 - - 416,423,188
Other current liabilities 18,631,427 - - 18,631,427
Non-financial liabilities
Operating leases (Note 44) 8,776,335 8,239,453 - 17,015,788
Non-contingent financial commitments (1) 251,559 - - 251,559
444,808,102 8,239,453 - 453,047,555

(1) The non-contingent financial commitments are essentially related to contracts signed with tangible fixed assets and intangible assets suppliers and a corresponding liability has not been recognised in the balance sheet (Notes 5 and 6).

Capital risk

The Group and the Company manage their capital to safeguard the ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the cost of capital.

In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group and the Company may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, issue new debt or sell assets to reduce debt.

The balance of capital structure is monitored on the basis of the adjusted solvency ratio, calculated as: Equity / Liabilities.

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 2016, the Group and the Company maintained their high solvency ratio.

The solvency ratios at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016 were as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Equity 183,990,949 233,326,782 183,844,211 233,405,918
Liabilities 1,424,774,442 1,083,370,431 757,201,057 803,032,619
Amounts of third parties 265,895,845 323,505,539 265,895,845 323,505,539
Adjusted solvency ratio (1) 15.9% 30.7% 37.4% 48.7%

(1) Equity / (Liabilities - Amounts of third parties in Cash and cash quivalents)

The Group's solvency ratio, during the year ended 31 December 2017, was significantly impacted by Banco CTT's liabilities, namely by the caption Credit to banking clients, which justifies the reduction observed in this ratio. Therefore, if the effect of Banco CTT had not been considered the solvency ratio would be 35.0% and 46.1% in the years ended 31 December 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Regarding Banco CTT, the definition of the strategy to be adopted in terms of capital management is the responsibility of the Board of Directors.

Banco CTT has developed and formalised its methodology for the Internal Capital Assessment Adequacy Process (ICAAP), in order to ensure that the risks to which it is exposed are adequately assessed and that the internal capital it has is adequate in view of its risk profile. The methods and procedures adopted are based on the assessment and quantification of internal capital and the risks through quantitative and qualitative methods.

Banco CTT seeks to achieve high financial solidity by maintaining a total own funds ratio - the ratio between own capital and risk-weighted assets - comfortably above 8.625% (which includes capital

preservation buffer), corresponding to the legal minimum as set out in Directive no. 2013/36 / EU and EU Regulation no. 575 / 2013, adopted on 26 June 2013 by the European Parliament and the Council.

The referred EU Regulation no. 575 / 2013 comprises a set of transitional provisions allowing the phased application of the requirements, providing the possibility for credit institutions to gradually accommodate the new requirements both at the level of own funds and at the level of minimum capital ratios.

18. INVENTORIES

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group and the Company Inventories are detailed as follows:

2017
Group Company
Gross amount Impairment losses Net amount Gross amount Impairment losses Net amount
Merchandise 4,784,093 1,719,745 3,064,348 4,374,052 1,680,355 2,693,696
Raw, subsidiary and consumable materials 3,233,843 658,137 2,575,706 2,865,245 593,428 2,271,817
Advances on purchases 56,942 - 56,942 56,942 - 56,942
8,074,878 2,377,882 5,696,996 7,296,238 2,273,783 5,022,455
2016
Group Company
Gross amount Impairment losses Net amount Gross amount Impairment losses Net amount
Merchandise 4,561,582 1,565,187 2,996,395 4,048,936 1,483,947 2,564,990
Raw, subsidiary and consumable materials 2,944,342 579,327 2,365,015 2,642,023 531,560 2,110,463
Advances on purchases 46,275 - 46,275 46,275 - 46,275
7,552,199 2,144,514 5,407,685 6,737,234 2,015,507 4,721,728

Cost of sales

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the details of Cost of sales related to the Group and the Company, were as follows:

2017
Group Company
Merchandise Raw, subsidiary and
consumable materials
Total Merchandise Raw, subsidiary and
consumable materials
Total
Opening balance 4,561,582 2,944,342 7,505,924 4,048,936 2,642,023 6,690,959
Purchases 9,728,895 3,688,568 13,417,463 8,976,843 1,554,180 10,531,023
Offers (30,436) (29,002) (59,438) (30,436) (29,002) (59,438)
Adjustments (141,743) (253,489) (395,232) (141,743) (253,489) (395,232)
Impariment of inventories 235,799 78,809 314,608 196,409 61,867 258,276
Closing balance (4,784,093) (3,233,843) (8,017,937) (4,374,052) (2,865,245) (7,239,297)
Cost of sales 9,570,003 3,195,385 12,765,389 8,675,958 1,110,334 9,786,292
2016
Group Company
Merchandise Raw, subsidiary and
consumable materials
Total Merchandise Raw, subsidiary and
consumable materials
Total
Opening balance 4,618,877 2,670,454 7,289,331 4,080,012 2,340,692 6,420,704
Purchases 10,736,297 3,492,295 14,228,592 9,970,637 1,453,672 11,424,309
Offers (33,177) (19,695) (52,872) (33,177) (19,695) (52,872)
Adjustments (122,069) (142,439) (264,508) (122,068) (142,439) (264,507)
Closing balance (4,561,582) (2,944,342) (7,505,924) (4,048,936) (2,642,023) (6,690,959)
Cost of sales 10,836,112 3,070,087 13,906,199 9,971,173 1,003,619 10,974,792

Impairment

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movements in the Group Accumulated impairment losses (Note 25) were as follows:

2017
Group Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Closing balance
Merchandise 1,565,187 236,253 (455) (81,240) 1,719,745
Raw, subsidiary and consumable materials 579,327 78,810 - - 658,137
2,144,514 315,063 (455) (81,240) 2,377,882
2016
Group Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Closing balance
Merchandise 1,397,098 198,203 (438) (29,676) 1,565,187
Raw, subsidiary and consumable materials 565,513 21,592 (7,778) - 579,327
1,962,611 219,795 (8,216) (29,676) 2,144,514

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, impairment losses of inventories were recorded in the Group net of reversals amounting to 314,609 Euros and 211,579 Euros, respectively, in the caption Cost of sales.

In relation to the Company, during the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movements in Accumulated impairment losses (Note 25) were as follows:

2017
Company Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Closing balance
Merchandise 1,483,947 196,408 - - 1,680,355
Raw, subsidiary and consumable materials 531,560 61,868 - - 593,428
2,015,507 258,276 - - 2,273,783
2016
Company Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Closing balance
Merchandise 1,367,422 116,525 - - 1,483,947
Raw, subsidiary and consumable materials 509,968 21,592 - - 531,560
1,877,390 138,117 - - 2,015,507

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, impairment losses of inventories were recorded in the Company net of reversals amounting to 258,276 Euros and 138,117 Euros, respectively, in the caption Cost of sales.

19.ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016 the Group and the Company heading Accounts receivable showed the following composition:

Group Company
2017 2016 2016
Third parties 90,967,275 78,612,864 51,608,449 48,007,420
Postal operators 41,246,582 43,391,679 39,545,944 40,070,049
Group companies (1) 266,273 108,726 4,832,675 6,246,214
132,480,130 122,113,270 95,987,068 94,323,683

(1) Includes subsidiary, associated and joint-ventures companies.

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the ageing of accounts receivable is detailed as follows:

2017
Group Company
Gross amount Accumulated
impairment losses
Net amount Gross amount Accumulated
impairment losses
Net amount
Accounts receivable
Non-overdue 67,663,959 - 67,663,959 45,602,738 - 45,602,738
Overdue (1)
:
0-30 days 13,342,151 295,887 13,046,264 7,210,292 - 7,210,292
30-90 days 14,686,662 138,083 14,548,579 9,887,699 33,778 9,853,921
90-180 days 4,450,499 383,125 4,067,374 2,174,218 23,638 2,150,580
180-360 days 14,366,268 780,133 13,586,135 12,260,603 14,072 12,246,531
> 360 days 50,554,146 30,986,327 19,567,819 22,911,682 3,988,677 18,923,005
165,063,685 32,583,555 132,480,130 100,047,233 4,060,165 95,987,068
2016
Group Company
Gross amount Accumulated
impairment losses
Net amount Gross amount Accumulated
impairment losses
Net amount
Accounts receivable
Non-overdue 62,406,680 111,575 62,295,105 45,285,440 111,575 45,173,865
Overdue (1)
:
0-30 days 11,116,694 90,023 11,026,671 7,144,634 90,023 7,054,611
30-90 days 10,764,588 193,049 10,571,539 6,883,729 192,643 6,691,086
90-180 days 2,268,369 476,384 1,791,984 985,243 468,907 516,335
180-360 days 17,090,040 693,249 16,396,791 16,822,857 495,752 16,327,105
> 360 days 48,776,423 28,745,244 20,031,180 21,618,284 3,057,603 18,560,681
152,422,794 30,309,524 122,113,270 98,740,186 4,416,504 94,323,683

(1) The amounts regarding the foreign operators, although being overdue over 360 days, are within the normal period for the presentation and regularisation of the accounts.

The net amount of the accounts receivable balances overdue over 360 days is broken down as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Other accounts receivable 54,904 412,718 69,291 443,695
Foreign operators 19,512,914 18,350,981 18,853,715 16,849,505
Total 19,567,819 18,763,699 18,923,005 17,293,200
Foreign operators ‐ payable (Note 34) (18,570,644) (22,974,682) (18,175,152) (22,469,414)

The caption Foreign Operators relates to receivables associated with the distribution of postal items in Portugal with origin in other countries.

These operations fall within the scope of the regulations of the Universal Postal Union (UPU) that establishes the closing of the accounts on an annual basis which therefore is only made after the year end and originates the significant overdue balance with more than 360 days with these customers. It should also be mentioned that the referred regulation establishes a period of up to 22 months for the presentation of the accounts and, therefore, the foreign operators' balances reflect the expected trend of this specific business.

Regarding UPU regulations, the accounts between Foreign Operators are cleared by netting accounts. The credit risk is mitigated by the accounts payable balances related to these entities and by the advance payments on the net receivables of the year (Note 34).

The balance of national customers includes receivables of public entities and other clients that are also suppliers which will be netted with accounts payable balances and customers with debt payment plans.

For the national customers, the bank guarantees and advance deposits coverage over the customers receivables changed from 2.3% at the end of 2016 to 2.0% on 31 December 2017, in the Group and from 2.9% on 31 December 2016 to 2.6% at the end of 2017 in the Company.

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Advance deposits 1,432,003 1,483,105 1,417,512 1,466,813
Bank guarantees 361,239 314,478 54,753 81,253
Total 1,793,242 1,797,583 1,472,265 1,548,066

Impairment losses

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movement in the Group Accumulated impairment losses caption (Note 25) was as follows:

2017
Group Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Changes in the
consolidation perimeter
Closing balance
Accounts receivable 30,309,524 2,358,555 (1,302,268) (1,060,347) 2,278,091 32,583,555
30,309,524 2,358,555 (1,302,268) (1,060,347) 2,278,091 32,583,555
2016
Changes in the
Group Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations consolidation perimeter Closing balance
Accounts receivable 31,737,169 2,875,921 (2,267,005) (2,036,561) - 30,309,524
31,737,169 2,875,921 (2,267,005) (2,036,561) - 30,309,524

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, impairment losses of accounts receivable were recorded in the Group (net of reversals) amounting to 1,056,287 Euros and 608,918 Euros, respectively, in the caption Impairment of accounts receivable, net (Note 46).

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movement in Accumulated impairment losses caption (Note 25) of the Company was as follows:

2017
Company Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Closing balance
Accounts receivable 4,416,504 516,833 (496,575) (376,597) 4,060,165
4,416,504 516,833 (496,575) (376,597) 4,060,165
2016
Company Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Closing balance
Accounts receivable 4,621,988 352,246 (310,637) (247,093) 4,416,504
4,621,988 352,246 (310,637) (247,093) 4,416,504

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, impairment losses of accounts receivable were recorded in the Company (net of reversals) amounting to 20,258 Euros and 41,609 Euros, respectively, in the caption Impairment of accounts receivable, net (Note 46).

20.CREDIT TO BANKING CLIENTS

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group caption Credit to banking clients was detailed as follows:

Group
2017 2016
Performing loans 79,393,333 7,104,322
Mortgage Loans 66,145,178 -
Overdrafts 299,170 69,498
Other credits 12,948,985 7,034,824
Overdue loans 71,708 -
Credit risk impairment (117,651) (417)
79,347,390 7,103,905

The maturity analysis of the Credit to bank clients as at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016 is detailed as follows:

2017
Current Non-current
In cash Due within 3
months
Over 3 months
and less than 1
Total Over 1 year and
less than 3 years
Over 3 years Total Total
Mortgage loans - 465,166 1,355,830 1,820,996 3,677,318 60,586,630 64,263,948 66,084,944
Overdrafts 313,460 - - 313,460 - - - 313,460
Other credits - 12,948,986 - 12,948,986 - - - 12,948,986
313,460 13,414,152 1,355,830 15,083,442 3,677,318 60,586,630 64,263,948 79,347,390
2016
In cash Current
Due within 3
Over 3 months Total Over 1 year and Non-current
Over 3 years
Total Total
months and less than 1 less than 3 years
Mortgage loans - - - - - - - -
Overdrafts 69,498 - - 69,498 - - - 69,498
Other credits - 7,034,407 - 7,034,407 - - - 7,034,407
69,498 7,034,407 - 7,103,905 - - - 7,103,905

The breakdown of this heading by type of rate is as follows:

2017 2016
Fixed rate 370,878 69,498
Floating rate 79,094,163 7,034,824
79,465,041 7,104,322
Credit risk impairment (117,651) (417)
79,347,390 7,103,905

Impairment losses

During the year ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movement in the Group under the Accumulated impairment losses caption (Note 25) was as follows:

2017
Group Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Closing balance
Non-current assets
Credit to bank clients - 62,628 (3,550) - 59,078
- 62,628 (3,550) - 59,078
Current assets
Credit to bank clients 417 70,950 (12,794) - 58,573
417 70,950 (12,794) - 58,573
417 133,578 (16,344) - 117,651
2016
Group Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Closing balance
Current assets
Credit to bank clients - 417 - - 417
- 417 - - 417

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, impairment losses of Credit to banking clients were recorded in the Group (net of reversals) amounting to 117,234 Euros and to 417 Euros, respectively in the caption Impairment of accounts receivable, net (Note 46).

21.DEFERRALS

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Deferrals included in current assets and current and non-current liabilities of the Group and the Company showed the following composition:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Assets deferrals
Current
Rents payable 1,375,076 1,293,963 1,069,573 1,101,070
Meal allowances 1,615,852 1,668,745 1,615,852 1,668,745
Other 3,609,187 3,166,223 2,426,479 2,168,180
Diferimentos 6,600,115 6,128,931 5,111,904 4,937,995
Liabilities deferrals
Non-current
Investment subsidy 316,892 334,191 316,892 328,093
Diferimentos 316,892 334,191 316,892 328,093
Current
Deferred capital gains - 2,143,378 - 2,143,378
Phone-ix top ups 143,203 158,698 143,203 158,698
Deferred comissions - 799,062 - 799,062
Investment subsidy 17,299 17,299 11,201 11,201
Other 1,272,194 1,059,172 1,271,130 1,057,509
Diferimentos 1,432,696 4,177,609 1,425,534 4,169,848
1,749,588 4,511,800 1,742,426 4,497,941

In prior years, the Company sold certain properties, which were subsequently leased. The gains on these sales were deferred and were recognised over the period of the lease contracts.

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the amounts of 2,143,378 Euros and 3,394,833 Euros, respectively, were recognised under Other operating income in the income statement, in each year, related to the above-mentioned gains.

The amount recognised in the year ended 31 December 2016 includes 1,725,642 Euros regarding Conde Redondo building as a result of the lease contract termination.

In 2014 CTT signed an agreement with Cetelem, according to which CTT received an amount of 3 million Euros on the signing date of which an amount of 1 million Euros relates to an entry fee which was recognised at the beginning of the contract, the remaining 2 million Euros, for the nonrefundable fees were recognised over the period of the contract. As at 31 December 2017 no amount related to this contract was deferred.

22.NON-CURRENT ASSETS HELD FOR SALE AND DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

As at 31 December 2016, the amount of 8,756,999 Euros accounted in the caption Non-current assets held for sale related to real estate located in Rua de S. José, subject to a promissory purchase agreement in December 2016 which set the operation's completion within 12 months. According to IFRS 5 - Non-current Assets Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations, this amount was reclassified into this caption.

As described in the referred standard, the associated depreciations of the real estate have ceased.

As at 31 December 2017, following the conclusion of the above mentioned sale, there are no amounts recognised under this heading. The sale of these properties resulted in a capital gain of 16.2 million Euros.

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, there were no operations classified as discontinued operations.

23.CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, Cash and cash equivalents correspond to the value of cash, sight deposits, term deposits and cash investments on the monetary market, net of bank overdrafts and equivalent short-term bank financing, and is detailed as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Cash
Slight deposits
49,750,830
69,475,587
55,806,142
67,627,214
24,305,947
58,202,221
41,419,386
59,445,691
Deposits in other credit institutions 176,975,449 106,373,978 - -
Slight deposits in Banco of Portugal 32,755,981 3,792,334 - -
Term deposits 297,867,550 385,211,431 294,082,565 374,203,045
Cash and cash equivalents (Balance sheet) 626,825,397 618,811,099 376,590,733 475,068,122
Bank overdrafts - - - -
Sight deposits at Bank of Portugal (32,755,981) (3,792,334) - -
Outstanding checks / Checks clearing (1,392,000) (1,173,518) - -
Cash and cash equivalents (Cash flow statement) 592,677,416 613,845,248 376,590,733 475,068,122

The heading Sight deposits at Bank of Portugal includes mandatory deposits in order to meet the legal requirements to maintain a minimum cash reserve in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) No. 1358/2011 of European Central Bank of 14 December 2011, which states that the minimum cash requirements kept as demand deposits at Bank of Portugal amounts to 1% of deposits and other liabilities.

24.OTHER NON-CURRENT AND CURRENT ASSETS

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the headings Other non-current assets and Other current assets of the Group and the Company had the following composition:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Non-current
Advances to staff 364,521 420,140 364,521 420,140
Other receivables from staff 2,320,930 2,136,596 2,320,930 2,136,596
Labour compensation fund 306,025 157,157 193,682 107,674
Other non-current assets 170,477 340,541 - -
Impairment (1,786,730) (1,748,286) (1,786,730) (1,553,419)
1,375,223 1,306,148 1,092,403 1,110,991
Current
Advances to suppliers 775,903 426,429 436,268 413,045
Advances to staff 3,850,644 4,000,289 3,849,401 4,004,036
Postal financial services 4,449,539 8,611,516 4,449,539 8,611,516
State and other public entities 663,633 308,834 376,902 124
Debtors by accrued revenues 5,892,380 8,143,083 5,062,009 7,232,076
Amounts collected on CTT behalf 1,333,035 1,258,411 1,272,666 1,381,321
Guaranteed 232,678 223,370 - -
Advances to lawyers 167,295 150,041 - -
Debtors by asset disposals 152,157 111,294 152,157 111,294
Payshop agents 375,677 447,961 - -
Mobility allowances for Autonomous Regions 9,119,889 3,559,130 9,119,889 3,559,130
Office for media 378,139 1,602,406 378,139 1,602,406
Compensations 39,959 84,588 - -
Sundry debtors 235,145 227,969 234,240 227,969
Other current assets 12,007,258 9,051,927 9,118,565 7,418,691
Impairment (7,335,097) (8,173,677) (6,526,865) (6,776,775)
32,338,234 30,033,571 27,922,910 27,784,833

The amounts recorded in the caption Postal financial services refer to receivables from the redemption of savings products and the sale of insurance.

Debtors by accrued revenues

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the debtors by accrued revenues refer to accrued interest, amounts not invoiced namely regarding postal financial services, philatelic products, philatelic agents and other amounts.

Impairment

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movement in the Group Accumulated impairment losses (Note 25) was as follows:

2017
Group Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Transfers Changes in the
consolidation perimeter
Closing balance
Other current and non-current assets 9,921,963 487,781 (445,833) (1,168,880) -
326,796
9,121,827
9,921,963 487,781 (445,833) (1,168,880) -
326,796
9,121,827
2016
Group Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Transfers Changes in the
consolidation perimeter
Closing balance
Other current and non-current assets 10,095,004 524,261 (691,210) (6,092) -
-
9,921,963
INESC loan 396,761 - (396,761) - -
-
-
10,491,765 524,261 (1,087,971) (6,092) -
-
9,921,963

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, impairment losses (increases net of reversals) of Other current and non-current assets amounted to 41,948 Euros and (563,710) Euros, respectively, were booked under the heading Impairment of accounts receivable, net (Note 46).

Regarding the Company, during the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movement in the Accumulated impairment losses caption (Note 25) was as follows:

2017
Company Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Transfers Closing balance
Other current and non-current assets 8,330,194
8,330,194
446,102
446,102
(418,336)
(418,336)
(44,365)
(44,365)
-
-
8,313,595
8,313,595
2016
Company Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Transfers Closing balance
Other current and non-current assets
INESC loan
8,522,736
396,761
8,919,497
459,471
-
459,471
(652,013)
(396,761)
(1,048,774)
-
-
-
-
-
-
8,330,194
-
8,330,194

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, impairment losses of Other current and non-current assets were recorded in the Company (net of reversals) amounting to 27,766 Euros and (589,303) Euros, respectively in the caption Impairment of accounts receivable, net (Note 46).

25.ACCUMULATED IMPAIRMENT LOSSES

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the following movements occurred in the Group's impairment losses:

Group Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Transfers Changes in the
consolidation
perimeter
Closing balance
Non-current assets
Tangible fixed assets 173,055 - (123,714) - -
-
49,341
Investment properties 1,291,498
1,464,553
49,208
49,208
(248,150)
(371,864)
-
-
-
-
-
-
1,092,556
1,141,897
Credit to bank clients - 62,628 (3,550) - -
-
59,078
Other non-current assets 1,748,286 233,311 - (194,868) -
-
1,786,729
TA105019 - Imparidade 1,748,286 295,939 (3,550) (194,868) -
-
1,845,807
3,212,839 345,147 (375,414) (194,868) -
-
2,987,704
Current assets
Accounts receivable 30,309,524 2,358,555 (1,302,268) (1,060,347) -
2,278,091
32,583,555
Credit to bank clients 417 70,950 (12,794) - -
-
58,573
Other current assets 8,173,677
38,483,618
254,470
2,683,975
(445,833)
(1,760,895)
(2,034,359) (974,012) -
326,796
-
2,604,887
7,335,098
39,977,226
Merchandise
Raw, subsidiary and consumable
1,565,187
579,327
236,253
78,810
(455)
-
(81,240)
-
-
-
-
-
1,719,745
658,137
2,144,514 315,063 (455) (81,240) -
-
2,377,882
40,628,132 2,999,038 (1,761,350) (2,115,599) -
2,604,887
42,355,108
43,840,971 3,344,185 (2,136,764) (2,310,467) -
2,604,887
45,342,812
Group Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Transfers Closing balance
Non-current assets
Tangible fixed assets 296,769 - (123,714) - - 173,055
Investment properties 1,282,622 12,491 (3,615) - - 1,291,498
1,579,391 12,491 (127,329) - - 1,464,553
Other non-current assets 1,472,836 83,597 - - 191,853 1,748,286
INESC loan 347,021 - (347,021) - - -
TA105019 - Imparidade 1,819,857 83,597 (347,021) - 191,853 1,748,286
3,399,248 96,088 (474,350) - 191,853 3,212,839
Current assets
Accounts receivable 31,737,169 2,875,921 (2,267,005) (2,036,561) - 30,309,524
Credit to bank clients - 417 - - - 417
Other current assets 8,622,168 440,664 (691,210) (6,092) (191,853) 8,173,677
INESC loan 49,740 - (49,740) - - -
40,409,077 3,317,002 (3,007,955) (2,042,653) (191,853) 38,483,618
Merchandise 1,397,098 198,203 (438) (29,676) - 1,565,187
Raw, subsidiary and consumable 565,513 21,592 (7,778) - - 579,327
1,962,611 219,795 (8,216) (29,676) - 2,144,514
42,371,688 3,536,797 (3,016,171) (2,072,329) (191,853) 40,628,132
45,770,936 3,632,885 (3,490,521) (2,072,329) - 43,840,971

2017

Regarding the Company, during the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movement in the Accumulated impairment losses was as follows:

2017
Company Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Transfers Closing balance
Non-current assets
Tangible fixed assets 173,055 - (123,714) - - 49,341
Investment properties 1,291,498 49,208 (248,150) - - 1,092,556
1,464,553 49,208 (371,864) - - 1,141,897
Credit to bank clients - - - - - -
Other non-current assets 1,553,419 233,311 - - - 1,786,730
3,017,972 282,519 (371,864) - - 2,928,627
Current assets
Accounts receivable 4,416,504 516,833 (496,575) (376,597) - 4,060,165
Other current assets 6,776,775 212,791 (418,336) (44,365) - 6,526,865
11,193,279 729,624 (914,911) (420,962) - 10,587,030
Merchandise 1,483,947 196,408 - - - 1,680,355
Raw, subsidiary and consumable 531,560 61,868 - - - 593,428
2,015,507 258,276 - - - 2,273,783
13,208,786 987,900 (914,911) (420,962) - 12,860,813
16,226,758 1,270,419 (1,286,775) (420,962) - 15,789,440
2016
Company Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Transfers Closing balance
Non-current assets
Tangible fixed assets 296,769 - (123,714) - - 173,055
Investment properties 1,282,622 119,559 (110,683) - - 1,291,498
1,579,391 119,559 (234,397) - - 1,464,553
Other non-current assets 1,472,836 80,582 - - - 1,553,418
INESC loan 347,021 - (347,021) - - -
TA105019 - Imparidade 1,819,857 80,582 (347,021) - - 1,553,418
3,399,248 200,141 (581,418) - - 3,017,971
Current assets
Accounts receivable 4,621,988 352,246 (310,637) (247,093) - 4,416,504
Other current assets 7,049,900 378,889 (652,013) - - 6,776,776
INESC loan 49,740 - (49,740) - - -
11,721,628 731,135 (1,012,390) (247,093) - 11,193,280
Merchandise 1,367,422 116,525 - - - 1,483,947
Raw, subsidiary and consumable 509,968 21,592 - - - 531,560
1,877,390 138,117 - - - 2,015,507
13,599,018 869,252 (1,012,390) (247,093) - 13,208,787
16,998,266 1,069,393 (1,593,808) (247,093) - 16,226,758

26.EQUITY

As at 31 December 2017, the Company share capital was composed of 150,000,000 shares with the nominal value of 0.50 Euros each. The share capital is fully underwritten and paid-up.

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016 the Company's shareholders with greater than or equal to 2% shareholdings were as follows:

2017
Shareholder No. of shares % Nominal value
Gestmin SGPS, S.A. (1) 16,733,301 11.156% 8,366,651
Manuel Carlos de Melo Champalimaud 284,885 0.190% 142,443
Manuel Carlos de Melo Champalimaud (2) Total 17,018,186 11.345% 8,509,093
Global Portfolio Investments, S.L. (3) 8,492,745 5.662% 4,246,373
Indumenta Pueri, S.L. (3) Total 8,492,745 5.662% 4,246,373
Credit Suisse Group AG (4) Total 4,965,530 3.310% 2,482,765
Norges Bank Total 4,726,966 3.151% 2,363,483
BNP Paribas Asset Management, S.A. (5) Total 4,646,344 3.098% 2,323,172
Wellington Management Group LLP (6) Total 3,105,222 2.070% 1,552,611
Kairos Partners SGR SpA (7) Total 3,075,000 2.050% 1,537,500
CTT, S.A. (own shares) (8) Total 1 0.000% 0.50
Other shareholders Total 103,970,006 69.313% 51,985,003
Total 150,000,000 100.000% 75,000,000
  • (1) Includes 16,642,862 shares directly held by Gestmin SGPS, S.A. and 90,439 shares held by members of its Board of Directors (for this purpose, CTT assumes that the shareholdings of the members of the Board of Directors of Gestmin communicated in the notification to the Company on 4 January 2018 correspond to their shareholdings as at 31 December 2018) . Qualified shareholding directly and indirectly attributable to Manuel Carlos de Melo Champalimaud who holds the controlling interest in Gestmin.
  • (2) Qualified shareholding directly and indirectly attributable to Manuel Carlos de Melo Champalimaud.
  • (3) As per section 10 of the press release of 4 January 2018 available on CTT website (http://www.ctt.pt/contentAsset/rawdata/321d6a50-14fa-47e9-9d42-

94d17701a9f8/ficheiroPdf/Global%20Portfolio%2004Jan2018_EN.pdf?byInode=true ) Wilmington Capital, S.L., a subsidiary of Indumenta Pueri, S.L. which held the qualifying holding in CTT, transferred all its CTT titles to a sister company controlled by Indumenta Pueri, S.L. – Global Portfolio Investments, S.L.

  • (4) The full chain of the Credit Suisse Group AG controlled undertakings through which the voting rights and/or financial instruments are effectively held may be consulted at attachments of the qualifying holding press release of 21 November 2017, available at CTT website (http://www.ctt.pt/contentAsset/raw-data/68124fa8-3e13-4051-a36c-4cabc2009f96/ficheiroPdf/Credit%20Suisse%2021Nov2017_EN.pdf?byInode=true ).
  • (5) The full chain of the BNP Paribas Asset Management, S.A. controlled undertakings through which the voting rights and/or financial instruments are effectively held may be consulted at section 10 of the qualifying holding press release of 30 October 2017, available at CTT website (http://www.ctt.pt/contentAsset/raw-data/f68bfc42-2801-406c-996b-510b31319bcd/ficheiroPdf/BNP%20Paribas%20Qualif%20Hold%2030Oct2017_EN.pdf?byInode=true ).
  • (6) The full chain of the Wellington Management Group LLP controlled undertakings through which the voting rights and/or financial instruments are effectively held may be consulted in section 8 of the qualifying holding press release of 5 September 2017, available at CTT website (http://www.ctt.pt/contentAsset/raw-data/19f0d587-5a8b-4e33-8afdba914e4d88cd/ficheiroPdf/Wellington%20Managt%20Gr%20Qualif%20Hold%205Sep2017_EN.pdf?byInode=true ).
  • (7) The full chain of the Kairos Partners SGR SpA controlled undertakings through which the voting rights and/or financial instruments are effectively held may be consulted in section 8 of the qualifying holding press release of 10 November 2017, available at CTT website (http://www.ctt.pt/contentAsset/raw-data/f1388005-a56a-46ff-9527- 07b2277d8e7c/ficheiroPdf/Kairos%2010Nov2017_EN.pdf?byInode=true ).
  • (8) On 31 January 2017 and in execution of the Remuneration Committee's approved remuneration policy for the 2014-2016 term of office and the Company's Executive Director Share Award Plan approved by the General Meeting held on 5 May 2015, a total of 600,530 own shares representing 0.400% of the share capital was awarded to the Company's Executive Directors, as long-term variable remuneration. At the present date, CTT holds thus 1 own share corresponding to 0.000% of the share capital and with the nominal value of €0.50; the rights inherent to this share remain suspended pursuant to article 324 of the Portuguese Companies Code.
2016
Shareholder No. of shares % Nominal value
Gestmin SGPS, S.A. (1) 14,576,115 9.717% 7,288,058
Manuel Carlos de Melo Champalimaud 284,885 0 .190% 142,443
Manuel Carlos de Melo Champalimaud Total 14,861,000 9.907% 7,430,500
Standard Life Investments Limited (2) 9,910,580 6.607% 4,955,290
Ignis Investment Services Limited (2) 97,073 0.065% 48,537
Standard Life Investments (Holdings) Limited Total 10,007,653 6.672% 5,003,827
Allianz Global Investors GmbH(3) Total 7,552,637 5.035% 3,776,319
BNP Paribas Investment Partners Belgium S.A. (4) 0.833%
BNP Paribas Investment Partners Luxembourg S.A. (4) 2.972%
BNP Paribas Asset Management SAS (4) 1.197%
BNP Paribas Investment Partners S.A. Total 7,502,430 5.002% 3,751,215
Norges Bank Total 7,422,099 4.948% 3,711,050
BlackRock, Inc. (5) Total 4,961,965 3.308% 2,480,983
F&C Asset Management plc (6) 3,124,801 2.083% 1,562,401
Banco de Montreal (6) Total 3,124,801 2.083% 1,562,401
Kames Capital PLC (7) Total 3,022,170 2.015% 1,511,085
Wilmington Capital, S.L. (8) 3,020 ,368 2.014% 1,510,184
Indumenta Pueri, S.L. (8) Total 3,020,368 2.014% 1,510,184
CTT, S.A. (own shares) (9) Total 600,531 0.400% 300,266
Other shareholders Total 87,924,346 58.616% 43,962,173
Total 150,000,000 100.000% 75,000,000

(1) Shareholding directly and indirectly attributable to Manuel Carlos de Melo Champalimaud.

(2) Company held by Standard Life Investments (Holdings) Limited.

  • (3) Previously, Allianz Global Investors Europe GmbH.
  • (4) Companies controlled by BNP Paribas Investment Partners S.A..
  • (5) The full chain of BlackRock, Inc. controlled undertakings through which the voting rights and/or financial instruments are effectively held may be consulted at the attachments of the qualifying holding press releases, available at: http://www.ctt.pt/ctt-e-investidores/relacoes-com-

investidores/comunicados.html?com.dotmarketing.htmlpage.language=1#panel2-1

  • (6) This qualified shareholding is imputable to F&C Asset Management plc, as the entity with whom each of F&C Management Limited, F&C Investment Business Limited and F&C Managers Limited are in a dominion relationship. F&C Asset Management plc is under the dominion of BMO Global Asset Management (Europe) Limited which in turn is under the dominion of the Bank of Montreal.
  • (7) Kames Capital PLC is acting as investment manager for Scottish Equitable PLC, Royal County of Berkshire Pension Fund, Kames Capital Investment Company (Ireland) PLC and Kames Capital ICVC and is the nominated holder of the voting rights and custodian of the shares to which voting rights are attached.
  • (8) Wilmington Capital, S.L. is controlled by Indumenta Pueri, S.L..
  • (9) The voting rights inherent to own shares held by the Company are suspended pursuant to article 324 of the Portuguese Companies Code.

27.OWN SHARES, RESERVES, OTHER CHANGES IN EQUITY AND RETAINED EARNINGS

Own shares

The commercial legislation regarding own shares requires that a non-distributable reserve must be created for the same amount of the acquisition price of such shares. This reserve is not available for distribution while the shares stay in the Company's possession. In addition, the applicable accounting standards determine that the gains or losses obtained with the sale of such shares are recognised in reserves.

On 31 January 2017, and pursuant to the remuneration policy approved by the Remuneration Committee for the 2014-2016 term of office and the Share Plan to the executive members of the Board of Directors approved by the General Meeting on 5 May 2015, CTT granted a total of 600,530 own shares, representing 0.400% of the corresponding share capital, to the Company's executive members of the Board of Directors, as long-term variable remuneration regarding that term of office.

As at 31 December 2017, CTT held 1 own share, with a nominal value of 0.50 €, being all the inherent rights suspended pursuant to article 324 of the Portuguese Companies Code.

Own shares held by CTT are within the limits established by the Articles of Association of the Company and by the Portuguese Companies Code. These shares are recorded at acquisition cost.

In the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movements that occurred in this caption were as follows:

Quantity Value Average price
Balance at 31 December 2016
Acquisitions
600,531
-
5,097,536
-
8.488
-
Attribution (600,530) (5,097,527) 8.488
Balance at 31 December 2017 1 8 8.488
Quantity Value Average price
Balance at 31 December 2015
Acquisitions
Disposals
200,177
400,354
-
1,873,125
3,224,411
-
9.357
8.054
-

Reserves

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group's and Company's heading Reserves showed the following composition:

2017
Group Company
Legal reserves Own shares reserves Fair Value reserves Other reserves Total Legal reserves Own shares reserves Fair Value reserves Other reserves Total
Opening balance 18,072,559 5,097,536 13,474 11,708,102 34,891,671 18,072,559 5,097,536 - 11,708,102 34,878,197
Share capital decrease - - - 49,500,000 49,500,000 - - - 49,500,000 49,500,000
Transfers (3,072,559) - - 3,072,559 - (3,072,559) - - 3,072,559 -
Own shares attribution - (5,097,527) - 5,097,527 - - (5,097,527) - 5,097,527 -
Assets fair value - - 36,849 - 36,849 - - - - -
Share Plan (attribution) - - - (4,480,638) (4,480,638) - - - (4,480,638) (4,480,638)
Closing balance 15,000,000 8 50,323 64,897,551 79,947,883 15,000,000 8 - 64,897,551 79,897,560
2016
Group Company
Legal reserves Own shares reserves Fair Value
reserves
Other reserves Total Legal reserves Own shares reserves Fair Value
reserves
Other reserves Total
Opening balance 18,072,559 1,873,125 (540) 13,438,968 33,384,112 18,072,559 1,873,125 -
13,438,968
33,384,652
Own shares acquisitions -
3,224,411
- (3,224,411) - - 3,224,411 -
(3,224,411)
-
Assets fair value - -
14,014
- 14,014 - - -
-
-
Share Plan - -
-
1,493,546 1,493,546 - - -
1,493,546
1,493,546
Closing balance 18,072,559 5,097,536 13,474 11,708,102 34,891,671 18,072,559 5,097,536 -
11,708,102
34,878,197

As approved at the General Meeting of Shareholders, which was held on 20 April 2017, an operation of reduction and increase of CTT's share capital was performed according to the following terms:

(i) decrease in the share capital, to release capital surplus, from €75m to €25.5m, with the decrease in the amount of €49.5m to be transferred to free reserves (through the reduction of the nominal value of each share from €0.50 to €0.17), and the share capital increase from €25.5m to €75m, corresponding to an increase of €49.5m (through the increase of the nominal value of each share from €0.17 to €0.50 and considering that article 4 (1) and (2) of the Articles of Association of CTT remains unchanged) to be carried out by way of

incorporation of reserves mainly resulting from retained earnings arising from revaluations of tangible fixed assets, carried out under special legislation in the amount of € 44m and other retained earnings amounting to € 5.5m; and

(ii) adjustment of the amount of the Company's legal reserve, which will thus amount to €15m, by transferring the amount of €3m to free reserves.

Legal reserves

The commercial legislation establishes that at least 5% of the annual net profit must be allocated to reinforce the legal reserve, until it represents at least 20% of the share capital. This reserve is not distributable except in the event of the liquidation of the Company, but may be used to absorb losses after all the other reserves have been depleted, or incorporated in the share capital.

Own shares reserve (CTT, S.A.)

Following the attribution of own shares to executive members of the Board of Directors within the scope of the remuneration policy established by the Remuneration Committee for the 2014-2016 term of office, in January 2017, the corresponding reserve was reduced in the amount of 5,097,527 Euros.

As at 31 December 2017, this caption includes the amount of 8 Euros related to the creation of an unavailable reserve for the same amount of the acquisition price of the own shares held.

Other reserves

This heading records the profits transferred to reserves that are not imposed by the law or articles of association, nor constituted pursuant to contracts signed by the Company.

As at 31 December 2016, this heading recorded the amount recognised in the year related to the Share Plan that constitutes the long-term variable remuneration to be paid to the executive members of the Board of Directors under the new remuneration model of the Statutory Bodies defined by the Remuneration Committee, for a total amount of 4,480,638 Euros.

Retained earnings

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the following movements were made in the Group and the Company heading Retained earnings:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Opening balance 93,589,211 91,727,994 93,602,685 91,727,994
Application of the net profit of the prior year 62,160,395 72,065,283 62,160,395 72,065,283
Distribution of dividends (Note 28) (72,000,000) (70,264,792) (72,000,000) (70,264,792)
Share capital increase (49,500,000) - (49,500,000) -
Adjustments from the application of the equity method 18,482 19,820 73,855 19,820
Other movements - 40,906 - 54,380
Closing balance 34,268,089 93,589,211 34,336,935 93,602,685

Other changes in equity

The actuarial gains/losses associated to post-employment benefits, as well as the corresponding deferred taxes, are recognised in this heading (Note 32).

Thus, for the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movements occurred in this heading in the Group and in the Company were as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Opening balance (27,137,824) (18,644,832) (27,137,824) (18,644,832)
Actuarial gains/losses (Note 32) (7,579,217) (11,827,990) (7,603,118) (11,827,990)
Tax effect (Note 50) 2,082,045 3,334,998 2,087,423 3,334,998
Closing balance (32,634,996) (27,137,824) (32,653,520) (27,137,824)

28.DIVIDENDS

At the General Meeting of Shareholders, which was held on 20 April 2017, a dividend distribution of 72,000,000 Euros was approved, corresponding to a dividend per share of 0.48 Euros, regarding the financial year ended 31 December 2016. The dividend was paid on 19 May 2017. The dividend amount assigned to own shares was transferred to Retained earnings, totalling 0.48 Euros.

Assigned dividends 72,000,000
Dividends assigned to own shares (0.48)
Dividends paid 72,000,000

At the General Meeting of Shareholders held on 28 April 2016, a dividend distribution of 70,500,000 Euros was approved, corresponding to a dividend per share of 0.47 Euros, for the financial year ended 31 December 2015. The dividend was paid on 25 May 2016. The dividend amount assigned to own shares was transferred to Retained earnings, totalling 235,208 Euros.

29.EARNINGS PER SHARE

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the earnings per share were calculated as follows:

2017 2016
Net income for the period
Average number of ordinary shares
27,263,244
149,950,640
62,160,395
149,527,101
Earnings per share
Basic 0.18 0.42
Diluted 0.18 0.42

The average number of shares is detailed as follows:

2017 2016
Shares issued at begining of the period 150,000,000 150,000,000
Own shares effect 49,360 472,899
Average number of shares during the period 149,950,640 149,527,101

The basic earnings per share are calculated dividing the net profit attributable to equity holders of the parent company by the average ordinary shares, excluding the average number of own shares held by the Group.

As at 31 December 2017, the number of own shares held is 1 and its average number for the year ended 31 December 2017 is 49,360, reflecting the fact that the acquisition of own shares occurred in previous years and their attribution occurred on 31 January 2017.

There are no dilutive factors of earnings per share.

30.NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the following movements occurred in non-controlling interests:

2017 2016
Opening balance (79,135) 175,322
Net profit for the year attributable to non-controlling interest (147,921) (263,328)
Other movements 373,795 8,871
Closing balance 146,738 (79,135)

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, non-controlling interests related to the following companies:

2017 2016
Correio Expresso de Moçambique, S.A. 146,738 (79,135)
146,738 (79,135)

31.DEBT

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, Debt of the Group and the Company showed the following composition:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Non-current liabilities
Bank loans 49,596 87,202 - -
Leasing 24,093 39,943 - -
Financiamentos obtidos 73,689 127,145 - -
Current liabilities
Bank loans 10,272,258 8,726,161 - -
Leasing 32,132 953,668 - 724,749
Financiamentos obtidos 10,304,390 9,679,829 - 724,749
10,378,079 9,806,974 - 724,749

As at 31 December 2017, the interest rates applied to finance leases were between 0.625% and 4.50% (31 December 2016: between 0.23% and 0.51%) and the interest rates applied to other loans were between 1.49% and 2.25% (31 December 2016: 1.09% and 2.25%).

Bank loans and other loans

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the details of the Group bank loans were as follows:

Group 2017 2016
Amount used Amount used
Financing entity Limit Current Non-current Limit Current Non-current
Bank loans
Banco Sabadell (Spain) 400,000 - - 400,000 - -
BBVA (Spain) 500,000 - - 500,000 - -
Millennium BCP 10,750,000 10,272,258 - 9,750,000 8,726,161 -
BBVA / Bankinter 90,000,000 - - - - -
BIM - (Mozambique) - - - 218,270 - -
BIM - (Mozambique) 92,107 - 49,596 131,873 - 87,202
Other loans
BIM - (Mozambique) 42,511 - - 77,861 - -
Moza Banco (Mozambique) - - - 25,954 - -
101,784,618 10,272,258 49,596 11,103,958 8,726,161 87,202

On 27 September 2017, a financing contract between CTT and BBVA and Bankinter was signed, for an initial period of 5 years and for a total amount of 90 million Euros, with the possibility of using the funds until September 2018. As at 31 December 2017, no amount has been used, even though the Group maintains its intention to use the referred financing in 2018.

The financing negotiated with Spanish banks is intended to finance the operating activity of the subsidiary Tourline, subject to Eonia interest rate.

Leasings

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group and the Company have the following assets under finance leases:

2017
Group Company
Gross amount Depreciation/accumulate
d impairment losses
Carrying amount Gross amount Depreciation/accumulate
d impairment losses
Carrying amount
Transport equipment 316,422 173,916 142,506 - - -
316,422 173,916 142,506 - - -
2016
Group Company
Gross amount Depreciation/accumulate
d impairment losses
Carrying amount Gross amount Depreciation/accumulate
d impairment losses
Carrying amount
Land 9,425,895 815,990 8,609,905 7,798,567 815,990 6,982,577
Buildings and other constructions 4,963,685 1,498,212 3,465,473 81,701 33,616 48,085
Transport equipment 19,371 18,854 517 - - -
14,408,951 2,333,056 12,075,895 7,880,268 849,606 7,030,662

During the year ended 31 December 2017, the leasing contracts existing in CTT and CTT Expresso terminated, and both companies exercised the purchase option as provided in those contracts.

The leasing contracts existing in the Group relate to the leasing of vehicles used in the operational activity of the subsidiary Corre.

The monthly rents are calculated based on the initial contract value, and it is possible to exercise the call option by paying a residual value.

There are no other restrictions in the contracts that have been signed.

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group and the Company liabilities with financial lease contracts presented the following plan of due dates:

2017
Group Company
Capital Interest Total Capital Interest Total
Due within 1 year 32,132 9,866 41,998 - - -
Due between 1 to 5 years 24,093 6,723 30,816 - - -
Over 5 years - - - - - -
Total 56,224 16,589 72,813 - - -
2016
Group Company
Capital Interest Total Capital Interest Total
Due within 1 year 953,668 8,263 961,931 724,749 844 725,593
Due between 1 to 5 years 39,943 9,927 49,870 - - -
Over 5 years - - - - - -
Total 993,611 18,190 1,011,801 724,749 844 725,593

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the values paid by the Group in relation to leasing interest amounted to 1,776 Euros and 7,014 Euros, respectively. In the Company, for the same periods, the amounts paid were 802 Euros and 2,958 Euros, respectively.

32.EMPLOYEE BENEFITS

Liabilities related to employee benefits refer to (i) post-employment benefits – healthcare and pension plan (ii) other long-term benefits and (iii) other long-term benefits for the Statutory Bodies.

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group and the Company liabilities presented the following movement:

2017

Group Company
Liabilities Equity Liabilities Equity
Healthcare Pension Plan Other long-term
employee benefits
Other long-term
benefits statutory
bodies
Total Other long-term
benefits statutory
bodies
Total Healthcare Other long-term
employee benefits
Other long-term
benefits statutory
bodies
Total Other long-term
benefits statutory
bodies
Total
Opening balance
Movement of the period
Closing balance
249,110,199
4,862,187
253,972,386
-
355,750
355,750
18,725,982
(3,073,917)
15,652,065
-
40,140
40,140
267,836,181
2,184,160
270,020,341
4,480,638
(4,480,638)
-
272,316,819
(2,296,478)
270,020,341
249,110,199
4,862,187
253,972,386
18,725,982
(3,073,917)
15,652,065
-
40,140
40,140
267,836,181
1,828,410
269,664,591
4,480,638
(4,480,638)
-
272,316,819
(2,652,228)
269,664,591
2016
Group Company
Liabilities Equity Liabilities Equity
Healthcare Pension Plan Other long-term
employee benefits
Other long-term
benefits statutory
bodies
Total Other long-term
benefits statutory
bodies
Total Healthcare Other long-term
employee benefits
Other long-term
benefits statutory
bodies
Total Other long-term
benefits statutory
bodies
Total
Opening balance 236,806,000 - 23,039,344 - 259,845,344 2,987,092 262,832,436 236,806,000 23,000,540 - 259,806,540 2,987,092 262,793,632
Movement of the period
Closing balance
12,304,199
249,110,199
-
-
(4,313,362)
18,725,982
-
-
7,990,837
267,836,181
1,493,546
4,480,638
9,484,383
272,316,819
12,304,199
249,110,199
(4,274,558)
18,725,982
-
-
8,029,641
267,836,181
1,493,546
4,480,638
9,523,187
272,316,819

The heading Other long-term benefits essentially refers to the on-going staff reduction programme and to the benefit Pensions for work accidents.

The caption Other long-term benefits for the Statutory Bodies refers to the long-term variable remuneration assigned to the executive members of the Board of Directors.

The details of the Group and the Company liabilities related to employee benefits, considering their classification, are as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Equity (Other reserves) - 4,480,638 - 4,480,638
Non-current liabilities 252,919,533 250,445,608 252,595,578 250,445,608
Current liabilities 17,100,808 17,390,573 17,069,013 17,390,573
270,020,341 272,316,819 269,664,591 272,316,819

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the costs related to employee benefits recognised in the consolidated and individual income statement and the amount recognised directly in Other changes in equity were as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Costs for the period
Healthcare 7,458,167 10,439,535 7,458,167 10,439,535
Pension plan 3,748 - - -
Other long-term employee benefits 86,118 (873,135) 86,118 (878,989)
Other long-term benefits statutory bodies 657,030 1,493,546 657,030 1,493,546
8,205,063 11,059,946 8,201,315 11,054,092
Other changes in equity
Healthcare (7,603,118) (11,827,990) (7,603,118) (11,827,990)
Pension Plan 23,901 - - -
(7,579,217) (11,827,990) (7,603,118) (11,827,990)

Healthcare

As mentioned in Note 2.19, CTT is responsible for financing both healthcare plans applicable to certain employees – IOS Plan and Insurance policy.

In order to obtain the estimate of the liabilities and costs to be recognised for each period, an actuarial study is performed by an independent entity every year, based on the Projected Unit Credit method, and according to assumptions that are considered adequate and reasonable, an actuarial study has been performed as at 31 December 2017.

2017 2016
Financial assumptions
Discount rate
2.00% 2.00%
Salaries expected growth rate 2.25% 2.25%
Pensions growth rate Law no. 53-
B/2006
(with ∆ GDP < 2%)
Law no. 53-
B/2006
(with ∆ GDP < 2%)
Inflation rate
Health costs growth rate
1.50% 1.50%
- Infation rate 1.50% 1.50%
- Growth due to ageing 2.00% 2.00%
Demographic assumptions
Mortality table TV 88/90 TV 88/90
Disability table Swiss RE Swiss RE

The main assumptions followed in the Group and the Company actuarial study of both plans were:

The discount rate is estimated based on interest rates of private debt bonds with high credit rating ("AA" or equivalent) at the date of the balance sheet and with a duration equivalent to that of the liabilities with healthcare.

The discount rate is determined by the Group and the Company analysis of the evolution of the macroeconomic context and the constant need to match the actuarial and financial assumptions to that reality. Therefore since no significant changes have been observed, in comparison to the previous year, the discount rate was maintained in 2.00%.

The salaries expected growth rate is determined according to the salary policy defined by the Group and the Company.

The pensions expected growth rate is determined considering the estimated evolution of inflation and GDP growth rate.

The healthcare costs growth rate reflects the best estimate for the future evolution of these costs, considering the history of the plan's data.

The demographic assumptions are based on the mortality and disability tables considered appropriate for the actuarial assessment of this plan.

The evolution of the present value of the Group and the Company liabilities related to the healthcare plans has been as follows:

2017 2016 2015 2014 2013
Liabilities at the end of the period
IOS plan 250,622,728 246,367,140 236,806,000 241,166,000 263,371,000
Insurance policy 3,349,658 2,743,059 - - -
253,972,386 249,110,199 236,806,000 241,166,000 263,371,000

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movement which occurred in the present value of the defined benefits liability regarding the healthcare plans was as follows:

IOS Plan Insurance policy
Group and Company Group and Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Opening balance 246,367,140 236,806,000 2,743,059 -
Service cost of the year 4,533,000 3,977,000 - -
Interest cost of the year 4,829,000 5,793,000 53,000 -
Plan amendment (2,628,511) (1,373,524) 671,678 2,743,059
Pensioners contributions 4,840,725 4,985,801 17,481 -
(Payment of benefits) (14,342,805) (14,980,969) (97,728) -
(Other costs) (602,923) (668,158) (13,849) -
Actuarial (gains)/losses 7,627,101 11,827,990 (23,983) -
Closing balance 250,622,728 246,367,140 3,349,658 2,743,059

Under the human resources optimisation process, started in 2016 and reinforced in 2017, some employees are no longer considered in the IOS healthcare plan ("Instituto das Obras Sociais") being from that date onwards covered by an insurance policy with similar coverages of the IOS healthcare plan and the same monthly contributions and co-payments in the existing terms, as referred to in note 2.19. This revised plan has been considered as an amendment to the plan and therefore recognised in profit and loss under the caption Staff costs.

The total costs for the period were recognised as follows:

IOS Plan Insurance policy
Group and Company Group and Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Staff costs/employee benefits (Note 45) 1,301,566 1,935,318 657,829 2,043,059
Other costs 602,923 668,158 13,849 -
Interest expenses (Note 49) 4,829,000 5,793,000 53,000 -
6,733,489 8,396,476 724,678 2,043,059

As at 31 December 2017, regarding the IOS Plan, the actuarial (gains)/losses in the amount of 7,627,101 Euros (11,827,990 Euros as at 31 December 2016) were recognised in equity under Other changes in equity, net of deferred taxes of 2,093,639 Euros (3,334,998 Euros as at 31 December 2016).

In this respect, the amount of the actuarial (gains)/losses accounted in 31 December 2017 regarding the IOS Plan mainly refers to the projection of quotas below the expected and to the fact that the growth in healthcare costs per capita was higher than the expected growth rate.

In what refers to Insurance Policy, as at 31 December 2017, the amount of (23,983) Euros related to the actuarial (gains)/losses was recognised in equity under Other changes in equity, net of deferred taxes of 6,583 Euros.

The best estimate the Group and the Company have at this date for costs related to the healthcare plan, which they expect to recognise in the next annual period is 9,575 thousand Euros.

The sensitivity analysis performed for the healthcare plan leads to the following conclusions:

(i) If there was an increase of 1 b.p. in the growth rate of medical costs and keeping all other variables constant, the liabilities of the healthcare plan would be 314,985 thousand Euros, increasing by approximately 24%.

  • (ii) If the discount rate was reduced 25 b.p. and keeping all the remaining variables constant, the liabilities would increase by approximately 4%, amounting to 264,131 thousand Euros.
  • (iii) The use of adjusted mortality tables, differentiated between men and women (Men TV 73/77 (-2) and Women TV 88/90 (-3)), holding everything else constant, could translate into an increase of the health care plan liability for past services of about 5% amounting to a total of 266,783 thousand Euros.

Pension Plan

As mentioned in Note 2.19, the Group is responsible for the payment of cash benefits in the form of supplementary retirement pension contributions over the amounts paid by Social Security to a closed group of employees.

In order to obtain the estimate of the liabilities and costs to be recognised for each period, an actuarial study is performed by an independent entity every year, based on the Projected Unit Credit method, and according to assumptions that are considered adequate and reasonable, an actuarial study has been performed as at 31 December 2017.

The main assumptions followed in the Group actuarial study were:

2017
Financial assumptions
Discount rate 2.00%
Salaries growth rate (Suspension of contracts) 2.25%
Inflation rate 1.50%
Demographic assumptions
Mortality table TV 88/90
Disability rate Swiss RE

For the year ended 31 December 2017, the movement of Group liabilities with the Pension Plan was as follows:

Group
2017
Opening balance -
Changes in the consolidation perimeter 398,472
Service cost of the year 612
Interest cost of the year 3,136
(Payment of benefits) (22,569)
Actuarial (gains)/losses (23,901)
Closing balance 355,750

The total costs for the period were recognised as follows:

Group
2017
Staff costs/employee benefits (Note 45) 612
Other costs -
Interest expenses (Note 49) 3,136
3,748

The best estimate the Group has at this date for costs related to the pension plan, which it expects to recognise in the next annual period, is 7,100 Euros.

The sensitivity analysis performed in the year ended 31 December 2017 for the Pension Plan leads to the conclusion that if the discount rate were reduced by 25 b.p. and keeping all the remaining variables constant, the liabilities for past services would increase by approximately by 2%, amounting to 362,865 Euros.

Other long-term employee benefits

As mentioned in Note 2.19, in certain situations, the Group and the Company has liabilities related to the payment of salaries in situations of Suspension of contracts, redeployment and release of employment, the allocation of subsidies of Support for termination of professional activity (which was eliminated as of 1 April 2013), the payment of the Telephone subscription fee, Pensions for work accidents, and Monthly life annuity. In order to obtain the estimate of the value of these liabilities and the costs to be recognised for each period, every year, an actuarial study is made by an independent entity, based on the Projected Unit Credit method, and according to assumptions that are considered adequate and reasonable. As at 31 December 2017, an actuarial study was requested to an independent entity to assess the liabilities at the reporting date.

The main assumptions followed in the assessment of the Group and the Company liabilities were:

2017 2016
Financial assumptions
Discount rate
2.00% 2.00%
Salaries growth rate (Suspension of contracts) 2.25% 2.25%
Pensions growth rate
(Pension for work accidents, Monthly life annuity)
1.50% 1.50%
Inflation rate
Demographic assumptions
1.50% 1.50%
Mortality table
Disability rate
TV 88/90
Swiss RE
TV 88/90
Swiss RE

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movement of Group and the Company liabilities with other long-term employee benefits was as follows:

2017
2016 2017 2016
Suspension of contracts, redeployment and release of employment
Opening balance 5,494,833 8,234,231 5,494,833 8,195,426
Interest cost of the period 88,229 171,857 88,229 171,614
Liabilities relative to new beneficiaries 194,189 774,529 194,189 774,529
Curtailment (110,686) (616,318) (110,686) (616,318)
(Payment of benefits) (2,517,021) (3,505,008) (2,517,021) (3,460,349)
Actuarial (gains)/losses 162,327 435,541 162,327 429,930
Closing balance 3,311,871 5,494,833 3,311,871 5,494,833
Telephone subscription fee
Opening balance 2,105,828 4,518,270 2,105,828 4,518,270
Interest cost of the period 40,003 107,145 40,003 107,145
Curtailment - (1,513,395) - (1,513,395)
(Payment of benefits) (150,161) (173,293) (150,161) (173,293)
Actuarial (gains)/losses (492,331) (832,898) (492,331) (832,898)
Closing balance 1,503,339 2,105,828 1,503,339 2,105,828
Pension for work accidents
Opening balance 7,349,306 6,863,591 7,349,306 6,863,591
Interest cost of the period 142,677 166,338 142,677 166,338
(Payment of benefits) (393,246) (436,651) (393,246) (436,651)
Actuarial (gains)/losses (155,729) 756,028 (155,729) 756,028
Closing balance 6,943,008 7,349,306 6,943,008 7,349,306
Monthly life annuity
Opening balance 3,776,015 3,423,253 3,776,015 3,423,253
Interest cost of the period 74,573 84,398 74,573 84,398
(Payment of benefits) (99,608) (97,352) (99,608) (97,352)
Actuarial (gains)/losses 142,867 365,716 142,867 365,716
Closing balance 3,893,847 3,776,015 3,893,847 3,776,015
Total 15,652,065 18,725,982 15,652,065 18,725,982

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the total costs for the year were recognised as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Staff costs/employee benefits (Note 45)
Suspension of contracts, redeployment and release of employment 245,830 (178,324) 245,830 (183,935)
Telephone subscription fee (492,331) (2,346,293) (492,331) (2,346,293)
Pension for work accidents (155,729) 756,028 (155,729) 756,028
Monthly life annuity 142,867 365,716 142,867 365,716
(259,363) (1,402,873) (259,363) (1,408,484)
Interest expenses (Note 49) 345,482 529,738 345,482 529,495
86,118 (873,135) 86,118 (878,989)

In the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, following the analysis of the historical data of the monthly medical costs per beneficiary and the number of beneficiaries of the Telephone subscription fee performed by the independent expert, a liability reduction was recorded in the amount of 492,331 Euros and 2,346,293 Euros, respectively, in the heading Staff costs since it related to long-term employee benefits.

The liabilities related to new beneficiaries as well as the cut observed in the Suspension of contracts, redeployment and release of employment benefit occur under the referred human resources optimisation process, following agreements of suspension of employment contracts entered into or terminated in the meantime.

The actuarial (gains)/losses regarding long-term employee benefits recognised as at 31 December 2017 mainly relates to the movements in the beneficiary population which, according to IAS 19 – Employee benefits, were recognised in the caption Staff costs in the income statement.

The best estimate that the Company has at this date for costs with other long-term benefits, which it expects to recognise in the next year is 287,666 Euros.

The sensitivity analysis performed on 31 December 2017 for the Other long-term benefits leads to the conclusion that, if the discount rate was reduced by 25 b.p., keeping everything else constant,

this would give rise to an increase in liabilities for past services of approximately 2.8%, increasing to 16,090 thousand Euros.

Other long-term benefits for the Statutory Bodies

CTT approved, with effects as from 31 December 2017, the Remuneration Regulation for Members of the Statutory Bodies for the period 2017-2019, which defines the allocation of a long-term variable remuneration, to be paid in cash (note 2.19). The plan is now considered as "cash settlement" which, according to IFRS2, implies that the liability should be annually updated and any changes resulting therefrom should be recorded in the income statement.

The amount to be attributed to the members of the CTT Executive Committee is based on the results of the performance evaluation during the term of office (1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019), which consists of a comparison of the recorded performance of the Total Shareholder Return (TSR) of CTT shares and the TSR of a weighted peer group, composed of national and international companies (vesting conditions).

As a result, as at 31 December 2017, CTT recorded a cost of 40,140 Euros corresponding to the period from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017, booked against Other liabilities.

33.PROVISIONS, GUARANTEES PROVIDED, CONTINGENT LIABILITIES AND COMMITMENTS

Provisions

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, in order to face legal proceedings and other liabilities arising from past events, the Group and the Company recognised provisions, which showed the following movement:

2017
Group Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Transfers Changes in the
consolidation
perimeter
Closing balance
Non-current provisions
Litigations 4,838,552 2,316,092 (2,805,272) (1,140,292) 151,399 30,000 3,390,479
Restructuring - 1,729,651 - - - - 1,729,651
Other provisions 9,288,931 118,462 (333,053) (584,340) (151,399) - 8,338,601
Sub-total - caption "Provisions (increases)/reversals" 14,127,483 4,164,205 (3,138,325) (1,724,632) - 30,000 13,458,730
Investments in subsidiary and associated companies - - - - - - -
Restructuring - 13,101,590 (146,221) (1,052,197) - - 11,903,172
Other provisions - 666,430 - - - - 666,430
Provisões 14,127,483 17,932,225 (3,284,546) (2,776,829) - 30,000 26,028,332
2016
Changes in the
Group Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Transfers consolidation
perimeter
Closing balance
Non-current provisions
Litigations 9,102,699 1,929,078 (5,715,244) (2,093,786) 1,615,805 - 4,838,552
Onerous contracts 14,358,103 139,058 (6,613,918) (7,883,243) - - -
Other provisions 17,035,233 180,942 (6,263,597) (47,842) (1,615,805) - 9,288,931
Sub-total - caption "Provisions (increases)/reversals" 40,496,035 2,249,078 (18,592,759) (10,024,871) - - 14,127,483
Investments in subsidiary and associated companies 189,775 - (189,775) - - - -
Restructuring 46,522 - - (46,522) - - -
Provisões 40,732,332 2,249,078 (18,782,534) (10,071,393) - - 14,127,483

The net amount between increases and reversals of provisions was recorded in the consolidated income statement under the caption Provisions, net and amounted to (1,025,880) Euros and 16,343,680 Euros as at 31 December 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Company Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Transfers Closing balance
Non-current provisions
Litigations 4,486,591 1,995,738 (2,609,440) (1,081,475) 151,399 2,942,813
Restructuring - 1,729,651 - - - 1,729,651
Other provisions 8,927,881 37,772 (156,270) (409,637) (151,399) 8,248,347
Sub-total - caption "Provisions (increases)/reversals" 13,414,472 3,763,160 (2,765,710) (1,491,112) - 12,920,810
Investments in subsidiary and associated companies 6,912,830 6,910,256 - (9,585,544) - 4,237,541
Restructuring - 11,841,708 - - - 11,841,708
Other provisions - 550,000 - - - 550,000
Provisões 20,327,302 23,065,124 (2,765,710) (11,076,656) - 29,550,059
2016
Company Opening balance Increases Reversals Utilisations Transfers Closing balance
Non-current provisions
Litigations 8,312,828 1,661,889 (4,346,619) (2,057,169) 915,662 4,486,591
Onerous contracts 13,899,390 139,058 (6,607,600) (7,430,848) - -
Other provisions 14,513,084 - (4,652,716) (16,825) (915,662) 8,927,881
Sub-total - caption "Provisions (increases)/reversals" 36,725,302 1,800,947 (15,606,935) (9,504,842) - 13,414,472
Investments in subsidiary and associated companies - 6,912,830 - - - 6,912,830
Provisões 36,725,302 8,713,777 (15,606,935) (9,504,842) - 20,327,302

The net amount between increases and reversals of provisions was recorded in the individual income statement under the caption Provisions, net and amounted to (997,450) Euros and 13,805,988 Euros as at 31 December 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Litigations

The provisions for litigations were set up to face the liabilities resulting from lawsuits brought against the Group and the Company and are estimated based on information from their lawyers as well as on the termination of the mentioned lawsuits.

Restructuring

On 19 December 2017, CTT approved an Operational Transformation Plan, which emphasises the purposes of optimising the retail network and reinforcing the HR optimisation programme. As a result of this Transformation Plan, a provision for restructuring in the total amount of 13,571,359 Euros was recorded in the Company having 11,841,708 Euros been recorded against the caption Staff costs and the amount of 1,729,651 Euros was recognised under the heading Provisions, net in the income statement.

In addition, during the year ended 31 December 2017, a provision for restructuring was recognised in the accounts of the subsidiary Transporta – Transportes Porta a Porta, S.A., for 1,198,418 Euros, following the human resources optimisation and restructuring process. This provision was recorded under the heading Staff costs in the consolidated income statement.

Onerous Contracts

Following the termination of the Conde Redondo building lease contract, CTT recorded, in the first quarter of 2016, a reversal of the provision for onerous contracts regarding the lease contract of this building, in the amount of 2,913,557 Euros.

The utilisations relate to the payment of rents due during the period as well as part of the outstanding rents of the Conde Redondo building.

As a result of the restructuring of CTT retail network and the new sublease contracts, the associated profitability now exceeds the amount of the rents paid under the lease contracts in force, therefore, these contracts are no longer considered as onerous contracts.

Consequently, as at 31 December 2016 there are no amounts, at Group or Company level, recognised as onerous contracts.

Other provisions

As at 31 December 2017 the provision, in the Group and the Company, to cover any contingencies relating to labour litigation proceedings not included in the current court proceedings related to remuneration differences and attendance bonuses that can be claimed by workers, amounts to 7,882,083 Euros (8,130,479 as at 31 de December de 2016).

The reversals recognised in CTT, S.A., during the year ended 31 December 2016, include the result of the review of the calculation methodology associated with this provision through the

incorporation of additional historical data, namely, information regarding the outcome of the legal proceedings, which was maintained in 2017.

At CTT Expresso, S.A., as a result of the favourable outcome of the court actions, in 2016, the probability of the provision was revised and the total amount of the provision, amounting to 2.1 million Euros, was reversed. Therefore, in 2016, these proceedings become to be considered as contingent liabilities, as in 2017.

As at 31 December 2017, in addition to the previously mentioned situations, this heading also includes in the Group and the Company:

  • the amount of 90,000 Euros in the Company to cover costs of dismantlement of tangible fixed assets and/or removal of facilities and restoration of the site;
  • the amount of 670,757 Euros in the Group and 550,000 Euros in the Company, which arise from the assessment made by the management regarding the possibility of tax contingencies.

Investments in subsidiary and associated companies

The provision for investments in associated companies corresponds to the assumption by the Group of legal or constructive obligations regarding the associated company Payshop Moçambique, S.A.. The reversal recorded on 31 December 2017 results from the Group assessment in which it concluded that the previously existing obligations are no longer maintained.

The provision for investments in subsidiary companies corresponds to the assumption by the Company of legal or constructive obligations regarding the subsidiaries Transporta – Transportes Porta a Porta, S.A. and Tourline Express Mensajería, SLU in the year ended 31 December 2017 and the subsidiaries CORRE - Correio Expresso Moçambique, S.A. and Tourline Express Mensajería, SLU in the year ended 31 December 2016.

Guarantees provided

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group and the Company had provided bank guarantees to third parties as follows:

Group Company
Description 2017 2016 2017 2016
Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira 4,844,868 590,000 4,721,328 590,000
FUNDO DE PENSÕES DO BANCO SANTANDER TOTTA 3,030,174 3,030,174 3,030,174 3,030,174
PLANINOVA - Soc. Imobiliária, S.A. 2,033,582 2,033,582 2,033,582 2,033,582
LandSearch, Compra e Venda de Imóveis 1,792,886 1,792,886 1,792,886 1,792,886
NOVIMOVESTE - Fundo de Investimento Imobiliário 1,523,201 1,523,201 1,523,201 1,523,201
LUSIMOVESTE - Fundo de Investimento Imobiliário 1,274,355 1,274,355 1,274,355 1,274,355
Municipal Autarchies 188,491 183,677 186,487 183,677
TIP - Transportes Intermodais do Porto, ACE 150,000 50,000 - -
Courts 126,204 167,107 104,984 145,887
Solred 80,000 80,000 - -
ANA - Aeroportos de Portugal 68,000 34,000 68,000 34,000
INCM - Imprensa Nacional da Casa da Moeda 46,167 46,167 - -
Fonavi, Nave Hospitalet 40,477 40,477 - -
SPMS - Serviços Partilhados do Ministério da Saúde 30,180 30,180 30,180 30,180
EMEL, S.A. 26,984 19,384 7,600 -
Águas do Porto, E.M 10,720 10,720 - -
SMAS de Sintra 15,889 - - -
Águas do Norte 23,804 - 23,804 -
EPAL - Empresa Portuguesa de Águas Livres 21,433 21,433 - -
Serviços Intermunicipazilados Loures e Odivelas 17,000 - - -
Direção Geral do Tesouro e Finanças 16,867 16,867 16,867 16,867
Portugal Telecom, S.A. 16,658 16,658 16,658 16,658
Refer 16,460 - - -
Instituto de Gestão Financeira Segurança Social 16,406 16,406 16,406 16,406
Repsol 15,000 - - -
Other entities 14,103 29,992 - -
Administração Regional de Saúse - Lisboa e Vale do Tejo 13,086 - 13,086 -
ACT Autoridade Condições Trabalho 12,460 58,201 12,460 58,201
SMAS Torres Vedras 9,909 9,909 7,101 7,101
Instituto de Segurança Social 8,190 - 8,190 -
Promodois 6,273 6,273 6,273 6,273
TNT Express Worldwide 6,010 6,010 - -
Consejeria Salud 4,116 4,116 - -
Instituto do emprego e formação profissional 3,718 3,718 - -
Casa Pia de Lisboa, I.P. 1,863 - 1,863 -
IFADAP 1,746 1,746 1,746 1,746
Águas de Coimbra 870 870 870 870
Lisboagás, S.A. - 190,000 - -
Record Rent a Car (Cataluña, Levante) - 40,000 - -
SetGás, S.A. - 30,000 - -
Inmobiliaria Ederkin - 7,998 - -
Estradas de Portugal, EP - 5,000 - 5,000
15,508,150 11,371,107 14,898,100 10,767,064

Guarantees for lease Contracts

According to the terms of some lease contracts of the buildings occupied by the Company's services, at the moment that the Portuguese State ceased to hold the majority of the share capital of CTT, bank guarantees on first demand had to be provided.

These guarantees amount to 9,654,198 Euros as at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016 in the Group and the Company.

The amounts relating to the Portuguese Tax and Customs Authority ("Autoridade Tributária e Aduaneira") arise essentially from tax enforcement proceedings arising from the inspection process regarding VAT of fiscal year 2013.

Following the risk assessment carried out by its legal advisors, the Company provided bank guarantees under the opposition presented in the arbitral tribunal, considering these proceedings as contingent liabilities.

Commitments

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group subscribed promissory notes amounting to approximately 42.5 thousand Euros and 40.2 thousand Euros, respectively, for various credit institutions intended to secure complete and timely compliance with the corresponding financing contracts.

The Group and the Company also assumed financial commitments (comfort letters) in the amount of 1,170,769 Euros regarding the subsidiary Tourline and regarding the subsidiary Corre in the amount of 92,107 Euros, which are still active as at 31 December 2017.

As at 31 December 2017, the Group and the Company assumed commitments regarding the sponsoring of "Taça da Liga" (League Football Cup) in the amount of 0.5 million Euros.

In addition, the Group and the Company also assumed commitments relating to real estate rents under lease contracts and rents for operating and financial leases.

The Group and the Company contractual commitments related to Tangible fixed assets and Intangible assets are detailed respectively in Notes 5 and 6.

34.ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group and the Company heading Accounts payable showed the following composition:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Non-current
Other accounts payable - 375,379 - 375,379
- 375,379 - 375,379
Current
Advances from customers 2,989,508 3,039,657 2,968,359 3,025,041
CNP money orders 192,760,943 200,238,100 192,760,943 200,238,100
Suppliers 67,167,246 65,044,068 52,568,608 56,763,575
Invoices pending confirmation 10,783,684 8,559,890 6,827,573 5,188,920
Fixed assets suppliers 8,069,559 13,684,684 5,937,841 9,853,992
Invoices pending confirmation (fixed assets) 8,934,307 6,206,806 8,658,715 5,975,153
Values collected on behalf of third parties 10,307,613 8,955,667 7,686,289 6,524,493
Postal financial services 77,584,441 131,878,955 77,584,441 131,878,955
Advances regarding disposals 9,947 2,516,337 9,947 2,516,337
Other accounts payable 5,926,046 4,739,536 5,998,369 4,595,411
384,533,294 444,863,700 361,001,085 426,559,977
384,533,294 445,239,079 361,001,085 426,935,356

CNP money orders

The value of CNP money orders refers to the money orders received from the National Pensions Centre (CNP), whose payment date to the corresponding pensioners will occur in the month after the closing of the financial year.

Postal financial services

This heading records mainly the amounts collected related to taxes, insurance, savings certificates and other money orders. The decrease in caption as at 31 December 2017 is largely due to the fact that in December 2017 there was a decrease in the subscription of savings/treasury certificates compared to the same month of the previous year.

Advances regarding disposals

As at 31 December 2016 this heading mainly regards the deposit reinforcement provided in the agreement for the sale of real estate properties located at Rua de S. José.

Suppliers and fixed assets suppliers

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016 the Group and the Company heading Suppliers showed the following composition:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Other suppliers 30,726,477 24,775,505 16,050,954 15,350,811
Postal operators 36,431,299 40,255,896 35,546,803 39,112,081
Group companies (1) 9,470 12,667 970,851 2,300,683
67,167,246 65,044,068 52,568,608 56,763,575

(1) Includes subsidiary, associated and joint-ventures companies.

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the ageing of the Group and the Company balance of the headings Suppliers and Fixed assets suppliers is detailed as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Suppliers
Non-overdue 26,555,426 21,756,069 17,379,843 16,568,629
Overdue (1)
:
0-30 days 6,556,830 4,836,160 2,532,767 3,069,261
30-90 days 3,894,829 3,238,063 3,292,291 3,010,650
90-180 days 276,540 1,266,746 56,812 930,853
180-360 days 11,284,286 10,097,799 11,099,156 9,941,867
> 360 days 18,599,336 23,849,230 18,207,739 23,242,315
67,167,246 65,044,068 52,568,608 56,763,575

(1) The amounts regarding the foreign operators, although being overdue over 360 days, are within the normal period for the presentation and regularisation of the accounts.

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Fixed assets suppliers
Non-overdue 6,839,708 11,894,436 4,905,073 8,431,578
Overdue:
0-30 days 698,145 1,295,524 585,706 1,212,583
30-90 days 36,623 311,145 - 86,847
90-180 days 305,644 54,198 305,644 54,198
180-360 days 24,169 70,948 20,233 30,167
> 360 days 165,270 58,432 121,186 38,619
8,069,559 13,684,684 5,937,841 9,853,992

The current amount of accounts payable overdue over 360 days is as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Othersuppliers 28,692 874,548 32,587 772,902
Foreign operators 18,570,644 22,974,682 18,175,152 22,469,414
Total 18,599,336 23,849,230 18,207,739 23,242,315
Foreign operators ‐ receivable
(Note 19)
(19,512,914) (18,350,981) (18,853,715) (16,849,505)

The balances between Foreign Operators are cleared by netting accounts. These amounts refer to the accounts receivable balances related to these entities (Note 19).

35.BANKING CLIENTS' DEPOSITS AND OTHER LOANS

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the composition of the heading Banking clients' deposits and other loans in the Group is as follows:

Group
2017 2016
Sight deposits 408,639,274 114,041,001
Term deposits 129,945,220 131,417,483
Savings deposits 80,645,186 8,486,356
619,229,680 253,944,840

The above mentioned amounts relate to Banco CTT clients' deposits. As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the residual maturity of banking client deposits and other loans, is detailed as follows:

2017
No defined maturity Due within 3
months
Over 3 months and
less than 1 year
Over 1 year and less
than 3 years
Over 3 years Total
Sight deposits 408,639,274 - - - - 408,639,274
Term deposits - 63,510,961 66,434,259 - - 129,945,220
Savings deposits 80,645,186 - - - - 80,645,186
489,284,460 63,510,961 66,434,259 - - 619,229,680
2016
No defined maturity Due within 3
months
Over 3 months and
less than 1 year
Over 1 year and less
than 3 years
Over 3 years Total
Sight deposits 114,041,001 - - - - 114,041,001
Term deposits - 73,693,366 57,724,117 - - 131,417,483
Savings deposits 8,486,356 - - - - 8,486,356
122,527,357 73,693,366 57,724,117 - - 253,944,840

36.OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group and the Company heading Other current liabilities showed the following composition:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Current
Estimated holiday pay, holiday subsidy and other remunerations 45,127,383 43,661,282 39,755,716 39,083,054
Estimated supplies and external services 33,104,164 24,036,928 27,593,558 18,631,427
Staff 68,841 58,708 62,349 16,690
State and other public entities
Value Added Tax 3,204,066 2,460,642 2,539,807 1,806,370
Personal income tax withholdings 3,285,921 3,251,340 2,941,443 2,929,183
Social Security contributions 3,795,300 3,553,129 3,280,987 3,088,969
Caixa Geral de Aposentações 2,409,807 2,389,827 2,381,486 2,353,961
Local Authority taxes 491,565 554,515 483,485 554,515
Other taxes 46,338 8,534 330 143
Other 20,463 2,587,820 14,173 2,818,889
91,553,848 82,562,725 79,053,334 71,283,201

37. INCOME TAXES RECEIVABLE /PAYABLE

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016 the Group and the Company heading Income taxes receivable and Income taxes payable showed the following composition:

Group Company
2017 2016 2,017 2016
Current assets
Corporate income tax 1,552,005 3,587,614 1,564,777 3,569,641
Imposto a pagar 1,552,005 3,587,614 1,564,777 3,569,641

The Company's current assets and current liabilities relative to corporate income tax were calculated as follows:

Company
2017 2016
Estimated income tax (17,224,948) (19,644,847)
Estimated Group companies' income tax 2,969,128 695,532
Payments on account 14,981,579 21,720,696
Withholding taxes 839,018 798,260
1,564,777 3,569,641

38. FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES

As at 31 December 20176 and 31 December 2016, the categories of financial assets and liabilities regarding the Group were broken down as follows:

2017
Group Loans and
receivables
Available-for-sale
financial assets
Investments held to
maturity
Other financial
liabilities
Non-financial
assets/liabilities
Total
Assets
Other investments (Note 13) - 1,503,572 - - - 1,503,572
Non-current investments held to maturity (Note 14) - - 245,827,759 - - 245,827,759
Other non-current assets (note 24) 1,375,223 - - - - 1,375,223
Non-current financial assets available for sale (Note 15) - 3,175,180 - - - 3,175,180
Non-current credit to bank clients (Note 20) 64,263,948 - - - - 64,263,948
Other non-current banking financial assets (Note 16) 11,831,122 - - - - 11,831,122
Accounts receivable (Note 19) 132,480,130 - - - - 132,480,130
Current credit to bank clients (Note 20) 15,083,442 - - - - 15,083,442
Current investments held to maturity (Note 14) - - 15,721,373 - - 15,721,373
Other current assets (Note 24) 12,672,525 - - - 19,665,709 32,338,234
Current financial assets available for sale (Note 15) - 2,576,194 - - - 2,576,194
Other current banking financial assets (Note 16) 90,080,686 - - - 1,336,398 91,417,084
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 23) 626,825,397 - - - - 626,825,397
Total Financial assets 954,612,473 7,254,946 261,549,132 - 21,002,107 1,244,418,658
Liabilities
Medium and long term debt (Note 31) - - - 73,689 - 73,689
Current accounts payable (Note 34) - - - 375,607,793 8,925,501 384,533,294
Banking client deposits and other loans (Note 35) - - - 619,229,680 - 619,229,680
Short term debt (Note 31) - - - 10,304,390 - 10,304,390
Other current liabilities (Note 36) - - - 33,193,469 58,360,379 91,553,848
Total Financial liabilities - - - 1,038,409,021 67,285,880 1,105,694,901
2016
Group Loans and
receivables
Available-for-sale
financial assets
Investments held to
maturity
Other financial
liabilities
Non-financial
assets/liabilities
Total
Assets
Other investments (Note 13) - 1,503,572 - - - 1,503,572
Non-current investments held to maturity (Note 14) - - 93,986,115 - - 93,986,115
Other non-current assets (note 24) 1,306,148 - - - - 1,306,148
Non-current financial assets available for sale (Note 15) - 4,473,614 - - - 4,473,614
Accounts receivable (Note 19) 122,113,270 - - - - 122,113,270
Credit to bank clients (Note 20) 7,103,905 - - - - 7,103,905
Current investments held to maturity (Note 14) - - 1,108,428 - - 1,108,428
Other current assets (Note 24) 19,133,946 - - - 10,899,625 30,033,571
Current financial assets available for sale (Note 15) - 1,973,711 - - - 1,973,711
Other banking financial assets (Note 16) 58,718,171 - - - 336,132 59,054,303
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 23) 618,811,099 - - - - 618,811,099
Total Financial assets 827,186,539 7,950,897 95,094,543 - 11,235,757 941,467,736
Liabilities
Non-current accounts payable (Note 34) - - - - 375,379 375,379
Medium and long term debt (Note 31) - - - 127,145 - 127,145
Current accounts payable (Note 34) - - - 434,568,170 10,295,530 444,863,700
Banking client deposits and other loans (Note 35) - - - 253,944,840 - 253,944,840
Short term debt (Note 31) - - - 9,679,829 - 9,679,829
Other current liabilities (Note 36) - - - 26,683,455 55,879,270 82,562,725
Total Financial liabilities - - - 725,003,439 66,550,179 791,553,618

The Group believes that the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities is similar to its book value, with the exception of the following caption:

2017 2016
Book value
Fair value
Book value Fair value
Financial assets
Investments held to maturity 261,549,132 275,438,176 95,094,543 94,701,870

Regarding the Company, as at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the categories of financial assets and liabilities were broken down as follows:

2017
Company Loans and
receivables
Available-for-sale
financial assets
Investments held to
maturity
Other financial
liabilities
Non-financial
assets/liabilities
Total
Assets
Other investments (Note 13) - 1,503,572 - - - 1,503,572
Shareholders (Note 51) 6,368,047 - - - 45,464 6,413,511
Other non-current assets (Note 24) 1,092,403 - - - - 1,092,403
Accounts receivable (Note 19) 95,987,068 - - - - 95,987,068
Other current assets (Note 24) 11,840,911 - - - 16,081,999 27,922,910
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 23) 376,590,733 - - - - 376,590,733
Total Financial assets 491,879,162 1,503,572 - - 16,127,463 509,510,197
Liabilities
Current accounts payable (Note 34) - - - 352,024,409 8,976,676 361,001,085
Shareholders (Note 51) - - - - 12,821,447 12,821,447
Other current liabilities (Note 36) - - - 27,670,080 51,383,254 79,053,334
Total Financial liabilities - - - 379,694,489 73,181,377 452,875,866
2016
Company Loans and
receivables
Available-for-sale
financial assets
Investments held to
maturity
Other financial
liabilities
Non-financial
assets/liabilities
Total
Assets
Other investments (Note 13) - 1,503,572 - - - 1,503,572
Shareholders (Note 51) 8,025,158 - - - 822,241 8,847,398
Other non-current assets (Note 24) 1,110,991 - - - - 1,110,991
Accounts receivable (Note 19) 94,323,683 - - - - 94,323,683
Other current assets (Note 24) 18,226,686 - - - 9,558,147 27,784,833
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 23) 475,068,122 - - - - 475,068,122
Total Financial assets 596,754,640 1,503,572 - - 10,380,388 608,638,599
Liabilities
Non-curent accounts payable (Note 34) - - - - 375,379 375,379
Current accounts payable (Note 34) - - - 416,423,188 10,136,789 426,559,977
Shareholders (Note 51) - - - - 7,341,360 7,341,360
Short term debt (Note 31) - - - 724,749 - 724,749
Other current liabilities (Note 36) - - - 21,467,007 49,816,194 71,283,201
Total Financial liabilities - - - 438,614,944 67,669,722 506,284,666

The Company believes that the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities is similar to its book value.

39.SUBSIDIES OBTAINED

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the information regarding European Union subsidies or grants (Note 2.23) to the Group and the Company was as follows:

2017
Group Company
Attributed Value Value to be Accumulated Value to be Attributed Value Value not Accumulated Value to be
Subsidy value received received income used value received received revenues used
Investment subsidy 9,886,315 9,732,999 153,316 9,552,124 334,191 9,868,022 9,714,706 153,316 9,539,928 328,094
Operating subsidy 200,667 200,667 - 200,667 - 177,045 177,045 - 177,045 -
9,928,401 9,775,085 153,316 9,752,791 334,191 10,045,067 9,891,751 153,316 9,716,973 328,094
2016
Group Company
Attributed Value Value to be Accumulated Value to be Attributed Value Value not Accumulated Value to be
Subsidy value received received income used value received received revenues used
Investment subsidy 9,833,915 9,680,599 153,316 9,482,425 351,490 9,815,622 9,662,306 153,316 9,476,327 339,295
Operating subsidy 94,486 94,486 - 94,486 - 70,864 70,864 - 70,864 -
9,928,401 9,775,085 153,316 9,576,911 351,490 9,886,486 9,733,170 153,316 9,547,192 339,295

The amounts received as investment subsidy – FEDER - are recognised in the income statement, under the heading Other operating income, as the corresponding assets are amortised.

The financial contribution of the Instituto do Emprego e da Formação Profissional, I.P. ("Institute of Employment and Professional Training") ("IEFP"), received under the Employment Internships Programme configures the typology of Grants related to income or operational expenses and is recognised as revenue in the same period of the related expense.

The amounts received were initially deferred (Note 21) and transferred to the income statement to the caption Other operating income, to the extent that the expenses were recognised.

40.SALES AND SERVICES RENDERED

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the significant categories of the Company revenue were as follows:

Company
2017 2016
Sales 18,526,222 19,247,627
Mail services rendered 443,070,503 447,593,802
Postal financial services 48,474,325 51,693,802
Electronic vehicle identification devices 5,969,234 6,111,035
Telecommunication services 723,239 926,045
Other services 6,383,406 5,485,005
523,146,929 531,057,316

Other services fundamentally concern:

2017 2016
Photocopies Certification 226,771 226,737
Reg. Aut. Madeira transport allowance 741,443 829,740
Others Philately 98,888 125,822
Costums presentation tax 2,190,832 1,276,941
Corfax 110,253 160,908
Non-adressed mail 252,284 244,037
Portugal Telecom services 164,544 113,925
Digital mailRoom 500,894 337,383
Other services 2,097,497 2,169,512
6,383,406 5,485,005

41. FINANCIAL MARGIN

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the composition of the Group heading Financial margin was as follows:

Group
2017 2016
Interest and similar income 4,199,520 416,006
Interest on held to maturity investments 3,383,428 306,145
Interest on deposits at credit institutions 197,587 64,721
Interest on credit to bank clients 588,817 29,329
Interest on available for sale financial assets 29,688 15,811
Interest and similar charges 809,954 389,955
Interest from banking client's deposits 748,742 386,168
Other interest 61,212 3,787
3,389,566 26,051

42. OTHER OPERATING INCOME

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the composition of the Group and the Company heading Other operating income was as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Supplementary revenues 4,804,120 4,253,302 35,559,551 33,085,834
Altice agreement - 9,583,333 - 6,388,889
Early settlement discounts received 62,804 47,453 22,926 14,876
Gains inventories 8,734 24,671 8,734 12,373
Favourable exchange rate differences of assets and
liabilities other than financing
2,515,850 654,644 2,366,716 529,898
Income from financial investments 643,765 462,169 329,833 211,994
Income from non-financial investments 19,563,152 5,289,677 19,523,067 5,283,045
Income from services and commissions 4,138,846 614,028 - -
Interest income and expenses - financial services 215,312 334,714 215,312 334,714
VAT adjustments 2,188,084 3,981,197 2,188,084 3,981,197
Other 740,053 1,881,754 547,700 1,072,210
34,880,720 27,126,942 60,761,923 50,915,030

Regarding the Group and the Company, the interest related to the Financial Services segment is recognised under this caption (Note 2.22).

The amount related to VAT adjustments mainly results from the improvements made in the procedures of the VAT deduction methodology in the Company.

In the year ended 31 December 2017 the caption Income from non-financial investments of the Group and the Company included the accounting gains obtained on the sale of ten properties classified as Investment properties in the amount of 1.1 million Euros, as well as the gain in the amount of 16.2 million Euros regarding the sale of real estate properties located at Rua de S. José.

In the year ended 31 December 2016 the caption Income from non-financial investments of the Group and the Company included the gains obtained on the sale of six properties classified as Investment properties in the amount of 1.2 million Euros, as well as the gain in the amount of 1.7 million Euros regarding Conde Redondo building as a result of the lease contract termination.

Following the Memorandum of understanding signed with Altice and being the acquisition of PT Portugal completed by Altice, CTT received from Altice the agreed initial payment, which was recognised in the income statement over the period for the negotiation of the partnerships, as provided in the Memorandum. This recognition ended in December 2016.

Regarding the Company, the caption Supplementary revenues fundamentally relates to:

Company
2017 2016
Royalties 500,000 500,000
Services rendered to Group companies (1) 30,575,834 27,699,090
Rental of spaces in urban buildings 2,224,272 2,650,924
Other 2,259,445 2,235,819
35,559,551 33,085,834

(1) Includes subsidiary, associated and joint-ventures companies.

43. EXTERNAL SUPPLIES AND SERVICES

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the composition of the Group and the Company heading External supplies and services was as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Subcontracts 10,243,699 4,289,091 - -
Specialised services 67,228,192 65,860,067 41,168,361 40,885,082
Services rendered by Group companies (1) 101,207 103,071 4,607,138 4,811,859
Materials 2,641,626 2,362,427 1,676,094 1,565,699
Energy and fuel 16,772,935 14,977,762 14,600,102 13,012,223
Staff transportation 209,840 214,836 203,908 208,150
Transportation of goods 63,853,736 58,016,465 11,468,044 11,790,403
Rents
Vehicle operational lease 7,804,909 7,774,394 6,817,305 6,878,901
Other rental charge 30,181,897 27,031,283 24,752,781 22,811,547
Communication 2,310,829 2,399,224 855,246 1,275,034
Insurance 2,400,014 3,100,116 1,916,125 1,958,375
Royalties - 294,643 - -
Litigation and notary 241,937 321,881 182,674 220,920
Cleaning, hygiene and confort 4,008,772 3,967,060 3,630,280 3,633,811
Postal Agencies 4,979,992 4,514,987 4,998,387 4,532,203
Postal operators 20,332,867 18,271,388 19,179,315 17,326,163
Delivery subcontracting 6,091,867 5,786,536 6,091,867 5,786,536
Other services 12,077,180 12,751,658 5,746,928 7,628,235
Services rendered by Group companies (1) 194 175 3,354,349 3,252,241
Fornecimentos e serviços externos 251,481,693 232,037,064 151,248,904 147,577,382

(1) Includes subsidiary, associated and joint-ventures companies.

  • (i) Specialised services refer to the outsourcing contracts for the provision of IT services, the maintenance of IT equipment and external consultants;
  • (ii) Energy and fuel refers mainly to diesel for vehicles used in the operating process;
  • (iii) Transportation of goods refers to costs with the transportation of mail in several ways (sea, air, surface);
  • (iv) Rents mainly refer to costs with leased facilities from third parties and the operating lease of vehicles;
  • (v) Remuneration to postal operators refers to costs with peer postal operators.

44. OPERATING LEASES

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group and the Company maintained medium and long-term liabilities in operating lease contracts of vehicles, with penalty clauses in the case of cancellation. The total amount of the future payments relative to operating leases is as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Due within 1 year 7,741,799 10,401,717 6,695,559 8,776,335
Due between 1 to 5 years 5,508,903 11,439,870 4,624,406 8,239,453
Due over 5 years - - - -
13,250,702 21,841,587 11,319,965 17,015,788

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the costs incurred with operating lease contracts amounted to 7,804,909 Euros and to 7,774,394 Euros, respectively, by the Group, and 6,817,305 Euros and to 6,878,901 Euros, respectively, by the Company. These costs are recognised under the caption Supplies and external services in the income statement.

The operating leases relate to leasing agreements of short duration, in which the lessor transfers the temporary use of the asset to a third party upon payment of an income or rental.

Lease payments are made monthly by equal amounts during the period of the lease agreement and the recognition of the rent is considered as an expense which will also be performed on a linear basis (straight-line basis).

There is no recognition of any leased asset, because the lease is a rental in substance and there is no evidence that the lessee will obtain future economic benefits from the asset beyond the contract period.

The transfer of the legal ownership of the assets to the lessee at the end of the contract is not expected.

45.STAFF COSTS

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the composition of the Group and the Company heading Staff Costs was as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Statutory bodies remuneration 4,601,890 4,571,640 2,922,350 3,237,036
Staff remuneration 261,564,961 255,727,613 231,604,647 227,873,402
Employee benefits 2,607,370 4,292,549 2,571,758 4,251,938
Indemnities 16,506,980 6,634,938 14,824,913 6,390,333
Social Security charges 58,844,758 56,892,888 51,640,644 50,328,638
Occupational accident and health insurance 3,519,027 3,486,570 3,295,885 3,253,848
Social welfare costs 6,941,329 6,728,690 6,610,470 6,439,521
Other staff costs 153,504 52,593 - -
354,739,819 338,387,481 313,470,667 301,774,716

Remuneration of the statutory bodies

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the fixed and variable remunerations attributed to the members of the statutory bodies of the different companies of the Group, including CTT, were as follows:

2017
Group Board of Directors Audit Comittee Remuneration
Board
General Meeting of
Shareholders
Total
Short-term remuneration
Fixed remuneration 4,147,305 399,843 50,241 4,500 4,601,890
Annual variable remuneration - - - - -
4,147,305 399,843 50,241 4,500 4,601,890
Long-term remuneration
Defined contribution plan RSP 249,697 - - - 249,697
Long-term variable remuneration - Share Plan 657,030 - - - 657,030
906,727 - - - 906,727
5,054,032 399,843 50,241 4,500 5,508,617
2016
Group Board of Directors Audit Comittee Remuneration Board General Meeting of
Shareholders
Total
Short-term remuneration
Fixed remuneration 3,228,383 408,571 33,824 4,500 3,675,278
Annual variable remuneration 896,362 - - - 896,362
4,124,745 408,571 33,824 4,500 4,571,640
Long-term remuneration
Defined contribution plan RSP 223,500 - - - 223,500
Long-term variable remuneration - Share Plan 1,493,546 - - - 1,493,546
1,717,046 - - - 1,717,046
5,841,791 408,571 33,824 4,500 6,288,686
2017
Company Board of Directors Audit Comittee Remuneration
Board
General Meeting of
Shareholders
Total
Short-term remuneration
Fixed remuneration 2,657,766 209,843 50,241 4,500 2,922,350
Annual variable remuneration - - - - -
2,657,766 209,843 50,241 4,500 2,922,350
Long-term remuneration
Defined contribution plan RSP 214,697 - - - 214,697
Long-term variable remuneration - Share Plan 657,030 - - - 657,030
871,727 - - - 871,727
3,529,493 209,843 50,241 4,500 3,794,077
2016
Board of Directors Audit Comittee Remuneration Board General Meeting of
Shareholders
Total
2,083,779 218,571 33,824 4,500 2,340,674
896,362 - - - 896,362
2,980,141 218,571 33,824 4,500 3,237,036
188,500 - - - 188,500
1,493,546 - - - 1,493,546
1,682,046 - - - 1,682,046
4,662,187 218,571 33,824 4,500 4,919,082

Following the revision of the Remuneration Regulation for Members of the Statutory Bodies for the term of office 2017-2019, the terms of the Long-term Variable Remuneration were revised, with the payment being now made in cash, not in shares as in the previous plan. The plan is now considered as "cash settlement" which, according to IFRS2, implies that the liability should be annually updated and any changes resulting from the assessment should be recorded in the income statement.

The attribution and calculation of the Long-term Variable Remuneration are based on the results of the performance evaluation during the term of office (1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019), which consists of a comparison of the recorded performance of the Total Shareholder Return (TSR) of CTT shares and the TSR of a weighted peer group, composed of national and international companies.

The long-term variable remuneration attributed to the executive members of the Board of Directors will be paid at the end of the 2017-2019 term of office, and the amount of 40,140 Euros corresponds to the cost to be assumed in the period between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2017 and was set by an independent entity.

For the year ended 31 December 2017, and in accordance with the provisions of the Operational Transformation Plan, no estimate of Annual Variable Compensation was recorded for the members of the Statutory Bodies.

According to the remuneration model of the members of the Statutory Bodies defined by the Remuneration Committee for the 2014-2016 term of office and in compliance with the Share Plan to the executive members of the Board of Directors, 600,530 own shares were granted to the Company's executive members of the Board of Directors. The amount of 616,890 Euros recorded under the caption "Long-term variable remuneration – Share Plan" results from the de-recognition of the liability after the attribution of the shares, reflecting the difference between that liability, estimated on 31 December 2014, and the value of the own shares recorded in Equity granted to the statutory bodies on 31 January 2017.

Staff remuneration

The change in this heading is mainly a result of the salary review agreed with the workers' representative organisations with effect from January 2017 onwards, the increase in expenses with fixed-term contracted staff due to increased operational activity and the increase in expenses with the staff of Banco CTT and Transporta.

Employee benefits

The amount registered in the caption Employee benefits in the year ended 31 December 2017 mainly reflects the liability reduction related to IOS Healthcare Plan as well as the decrease of the long-term variable remuneration of the members of the Statutory Bodies.

Indemnities

In the year ended 31 December 2017 this caption includes:

  • the amounts of 2,848,093 Euros and 2,421,910 Euros regarding the Group and the Company, respectively, related to compensations paid to employees and directors for termination of employment contracts by mutual agreement;
  • the amount of 11.9 million Euros related to a provision recorded by the Group within the scope of the human resources optimisation programme, included in the announced Operational Transformation Plan;
  • the amount of 1,052,197 Euros related to the provision for restructuring recorded in Transporta, following the human resources optimisation process.

Social welfare cost

Social welfare costs relate almost entirely to health costs incurred by the Group and the Company with the active workers, as well as expenses related to Health and Safety at work. The increase in this caption results from changes that took place in CTT's Healthcare Plan following the revised Regulation of the Social Works (RSW) in 2015, according to which the fees that the beneficiaries pay to the system were increased by raising the monthly contributions and co-payments.

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group and the Company heading Staff costs includes the amounts of 880,491 Euros and 800,611 Euros, respectively, related to expenses with workers' representative bodies.

For the year ended 31 December 2017, the average number of staff of the Group and the Company was 12,538 and 11,029 employees, respectively (12,401 employees and 10,984 employees in the year ended 31 December 2016).

46. IMPAIRMENT OF ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND IMPAIRMENT OF OTHER FINANCIAL BANKING ASSETS

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the detail of Impairment of accounts receivable, net and Impairment of other financial banking assets, net of the Group and the Company was as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Impairment of accounts receivable
Impariment losses
Accounts receivable (Note 19) 2,358,555 2,875,921 516,833 352,246
Credit to bank clients (Note 20) - 417 - -
Other current and non-current assets (Note 24) 487,781 524,261 446,102 459,471
Total gastos de perdas por imparidade 2,846,336 3,400,599 962,936 811,717
Reversals of impairment losses
Accounts receivable (Note 19) 1,302,268 2,267,005 496,575 310,637
Other current and non-current assets (Note 24) 445,833 691,210 418,336 652,014
INESC loan (Note 24) - 396,761 - 396,761
Total rendimentos de perdas por imparidade 1,748,101 3,354,976 914,911 1,359,412
(1,098,235) (45,623) (48,025) 547,695
Impairment of other financial banking assets
Impariment losses
Credit to bank clients (Note 20) 133,578 - - -
133,578 - - -
Reversals of impairment losses
Credit to bank clients (Note 20) 16,344 - - -
16,344 - - -
(117,234) - - -
Net movement of the period (1,215,469) (45,623) (48,025) 547,695

47.DEPRECIATION/ AMORTISATION (LOSSES/REVERSALS)

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the detail of Depreciation/ amortisation and impairment losses, net, regarding the Group and the Company was as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Tangible fixed assets
Depreciation (Note 5) 21,638,891 20,390,450 17,556,425 17,551,180
Impairment losses (Note 5) (123,714) (123,714) (123,714) (123,714)
Intangible assets
Amortisation (Note 6) 9,112,100 6,623,232 5,660,057 4,473,575
Impairment losses (Note 6) - - - -
Investment properties
Depreciation (Note 7) 242,117 569,250 242,117 569,250
Impairment losses (Note 7) (198,942) 8,876 (198,942) 8,876
Depreciações / amortizações e imparidade d 30,670,452 27,468,094 23,135,944 22,479,167

48.OTHER OPERATING COSTS

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the breakdown of the Group and the Company heading Other operating costs was as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Taxes and other fees 2,277,710 2,365,876 2,020,176 2,196,431
Bad debts 466,592 319,779 437,709 111,525
Losses in inventories 407,846 312,732 407,846 310,233
Costs and losses from non-financial investments 30,410 31,190 6,309 31,190
Unfavourable exhange rate differences of assets 2,801,611 700,833 2,714,793 344,789
Donations 1,143,618 1,235,977 1,143,618 1,235,977
Bankingservices 2,742,873 2,241,982 2,578,610 2,132,215
Interest on arrears 15,909 42,534 14,193 42,221
Contractual penalties 109,699 - 109,699 -
Subscriptions 811,653 722,743 739,567 669,073
Expenses of services and commissions 1,092,236 192,611 - -
Deposits Guarantee Fund/Resolution unified Fund 4,257 680 - -
Indemnities 816,833 443,179 266,925 372,799
Other costs 1,431,294 1,827,794 916,975 1,158,487
Outros gastos e perdas operacionais 14,152,541 10,437,910 11,356,420 8,604,940

The caption "Taxes and other fees" in the Group includes the amounts of 1,199,218 Euros and 1,194,649 Euros, for the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, respectively, relating to ANACOM fees.

49. INTEREST EXPENSES AND INTEREST INCOME

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the heading Interest Expenses of the Group and the Company had the following detail:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Interest expenses
Bank loans 80,807 68,775 419 3,994
Financial leases 1,776 7,014 802 2,958
Other interest 65,212 137,272 64,377 136,948
Interest costs from employee benefits (Note 32) 5,230,618 6,322,738 5,227,482 6,322,495
Other interest costs 3,051 4,307 810 203
5,381,464 6,540,106 5,293,890 6,466,598

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the Group and the Company heading Interest income was detailed as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Interest income
Deposits in credit institutions 255,800 671,599 192,699 588,919
Loans to Group companies (1) - - 126,404 144,556
Other supplementary income 125,125 - 125,124 -
380,925 671,599 444,227 733,475

(1) Includes subsidiary, associated and joint-ventures companies.

50. INCOME TAX FOR THE PERIOD

Companies with head office in Portugal are subject to tax on their profit through Corporate Income Tax ("IRC") at the normal tax rate of 21%, whilst the municipal tax is established at a maximum rate of 1.5% of taxable profit, and State surcharge is 3% of taxable profit above 1,500,000 Euros and 5% of taxable profit above 7,500,000 up to 35,000,000 Euros and 7% of the taxable profit above 35,000,000 Euros. Tourline is subject to income taxes in Spain, through income tax (Impuesto sobre Sociedades - "IS") at a rate of 25%, and the subsidiary CORRE is subject to corporate income tax in Mozambique ("IRPC") at a rate of 32%.

Corporate income tax is levied on CTT and its subsidiaries CTT – Expresso, S.A., Mailtec Comunicação, S.A., Payshop Portugal, S.A, CTT Contacto, S.A. and Banco CTT, S.A., through the Special Regime for the Taxation of Groups of Companies ("RETGS"). The remaining companies are taxed individually.

Reconciliation of the income tax rate

For the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the reconciliation between the nominal rate and the effective income tax rate of the Group and the Company was as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Earnings before taxes 42,092,714 85,244,706 45,474,702 85,900,107
Nominal tax rate 21.0% 21.0% 21.0% 21.0%
8,839,470 17,901,388 9,549,687 18,039,022
Tax Benefits (480,197) (354,479) (384,609) (352,413)
Accounting capital gains/(losses) (3,654,534) (543,069) (3,647,877) (390,889)
Tax capital gains/(losses) 1,359,977 (908,568) 1,356,652 (909,083)
Equity method - (8,518) 4,705,569 2,284,719
Provisions not considered in the calculation of deferred taxes (24,714) (148,483) (12,447) (148,483)
Impairment losses and reversals 281,457 321,703 243,826 380,705
Other situations, net 1,494,582 (405,990) 1,145,330 (345,075)
Adjustments related with - autonomous taxation 969,175 1,386,243 694,971 1,356,233
Adjustments related with - Municipal Surcharge 1,046,514 1,233,829 886,016 947,754
Adjustments related with - State Surcharge 3,423,767 4,018,747 3,239,740 3,527,850
Impact of the change in income tax rate (deferred tax) 345,685 118,403 345,685 118,403
Tax losses without deferred tax 1,335,973 1,770,819 - -
Excess estimated income tax 40,236 (1,034,385) 88,915 (769,031)
Income taxes for the period 14,977,391 23,347,639 18,211,458 23,739,712
Effective tax rate 35.58% 27.39% 40.05% 27.64%
Income taxes for the period
Current tax 14,279,018 20,179,216 17,182,476 20,869,417
Deferred tax 658,137 4,202,808 940,067 3,639,326
Excess estimated income tax 40,236 (1,034,385) 88,915 (769,031)
14,977,391 23,347,639 18,211,458 23,739,712

In the year ended 31 December 2017, the heading Insufficiency/(Excess) estimated income tax mainly relates to the reimbursement of Autonomous Taxation of 2011 and 2012 in the amount of 347,036 Euros, the insufficiency of the income tax estimate of 2016 and 2015 amounting to 1,391,132 Euros and to the tax credit related to SIFIDE of 2015 in the amount of 1,079,208 Euros.

In the year ended 31 December 2016, the heading Excess estimated income tax and reimbursement of tax includes the amount of 268,898 Euros regarding the tax credit allocated under the SIFIDE programme of 2014 of CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A., the amount of 371,959 Euros related to the amortisations of Track&Trace software of 2008 which were considered, by Arbitral decision, deductible for Corporate Income Tax purposes. This heading also includes the amounts of 117,771 Euros and 267,672 Euros regarding the excess income tax estimate of 2015 of the Companies CTT, S.A. and CTT Expresso, S.A., respectively.

Deferred taxes

As at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the balance of the Group and the Company deferred tax assets and liabilities was composed as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Deferred tax assets
Employee benefits - healthcare 71,544,019 70,523,096 71,544,019 70,523,096
Employee benefits - pension plan 80,044 - - -
Employee benefits - other long-term benefits 4,409,187 5,301,326 4,409,187 5,301,326
Deferred accounting capital gains - 606,790 - 606,790
Impairment losses and provisions 6,753,261 3,030,558 6,709,312 2,990,166
Tax losses carried forward 688,388 327,183 - -
Impairment losses in tangible fixed assets 257,614 360,333 257,614 360,333
Long-term variable remuneration (EC) 11,308 - 11,308 -
Share Plan - 1,268,470 - 1,268,470
Land and buildings 494,805 1,847,637 494,805 1,847,637
Tangible assets' tax revaluation regime 2,581,300 2,680,786 2,581,300 2,680,786
Other 335,813 274,583 - -
87,155,739 86,220,762 86,007,545 85,578,604
Deferred tax liabilities
Revaluation of tangible fixed assets before IFRS 2,591,593 3,151,709 2,591,593 3,151,709
Suspended capital gains 776,522 934,821 776,522 934,821
Other 31,006 36,616 - -
3,399,121 4,123,146 3,368,115 4,086,530

Due to the access to the Tangible assets' tax revaluation regime, established in Decree Law no. 66/2016 of 3 November, the Company recognised a deferred tax asset in the amount of 2,680,786 Euros. Following the definitive assessments made during 2017, the initial amount was corrected and the amount of 2,581,300 Euros was recognised.

As at 31 December 2017, the expected amount of deferred tax assets and liabilities to be settled within 12 months is 3.3 million Euros and 0.7 million Euros, respectively, regarding the Group and the Company.

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the movements which occurred under the deferred tax headings of the Group and the Company were as follows:

Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Deferred tax assets
Opening balances 86,220,762 87,535,941 85,578,604 86,330,601
Effect on net profit
Employee benefits - healthcare (1,061,122) 29,917 (1,066,500) 29,917
Employee benefits - pension plan 80,044 - - -
Employee benefits - other long-term benefits (892,139) (1,230,552) (892,139) (1,221,627)
Deferred accounting gains (606,790) (1,116,452) (606,790) (1,116,452)
Impairment losses and provisions 3,722,704 (5,967,001) 3,719,146 (5,290,622)
Tax losses carried forward 361,204 2,857 - -
Impairment losses in tangible fixed assets (102,719) (45,040) (102,719) (45,040)
Long-term variable remuneration (EC) 11,364 - 11,364 -
Share plan (1,268,526) 421,330 (1,268,526) 421,330
Land and buildings (1,365,661) 454,713 (1,352,832) 454,713
Tangible assets' tax revaluation regime (86,657) 2,680,786 (99,486) 2,680,786
Other 61,230 119,265 - -
Effect on equity
Employee benefits 2,082,045 3,334,998 2,087,423 3,334,998
Closing balance 87,155,739 86,220,762 86,007,545 85,578,604
Group Company
2017 2016 2017 2016
Deferred tax liabilities
Opening balances 4,123,146 4,576,598 4,086,530 4,534,199
Effect on net profit
Revaluation of tangible fixed assets before IFRS
adoption
(560,116) (410,811) (560,116) (410,811)
Suspended capital gains (158,299) (36,858) (158,299) (36,858)
Other (5,610) (5,783) - -
Closing balance 3,399,121 4,123,146 3,368,115 4,086,530

The tax losses carried forward are related to the losses of the subsidiaries Tourline, Escrita Inteligente and Transporta are detailed as follows:

Company Tax losses Deferred tax assets
Tourline 42,078,971 -
Escrita Inteligente 64,718 13,591
Transporta 3,213,321 674,797
Total 45,357,009 688,388

Regarding Tourline, the tax losses of the years 2008, 2009 and 2011 may be reported in the next 15 years, the tax losses related to 2012, 2013 and 2014 may be carried forward in the next 18 years and the tax losses of the years 2015, 2016 and 2017 have no time limit for deduction. As far as Escrita Inteligente is concerned, the tax losses related to the years 2015 and 2016 may be carried forward in the next 12 years and the tax losses of 2017 may be reported in the next 5 years. Regarding Transporta, the tax loss refers to the year 2017 and may be carried forward in the next 5 years.

The sensitivity analysis performed allows us to conclude that a 1% reduction in the underlying rate of deferred tax would imply an increase in the income tax for the period of about 2.5 million Euros in the Group and in the Company.

SIFIDE

The Group and the Company policy for recognition of fiscal credits regarding SIFIDE is to recognise the credit at the moment of the effective receipt from the commission certification statement, certifying the eligibility of expenses presented in the applications for tax benefits.

Regarding the year ended 31 December 2015, for the expenses incurred with R&D of 3,358,151 Euros and e 1,437,765 Euros, the Group and the Company would have the possibility of benefiting from a tax deduction in corporate income tax estimated at 2,556,380 Euros and 996,844 Euros, respectively. According to the notification dated 9 February 2017 of the Certification Commission, a tax credit of 1,057,603 Euros was attributed to CTT.

For the year ended 31 December 2016, for the expenses incurred with R&D of 1,895,281 Euros and 1,677,058 Euros, the Group and the Company will have the possibility of benefiting from a tax deduction in corporate income tax estimated at 1,006,271 Euros and 826,237 Euros, respectively.

For the year ended 31 December 2017, the expenses incurred with R&D, of 1,432,825 Euros and 1,035,199 Euros, the Group and the Company will have the possibility of benefiting from a tax deduction in corporate income tax estimated at 590,740 Euros and 336,440 Euros, respectively.

Other information

Pursuant to the legislation in force in Portugal, income tax returns are subject to review and correction by the tax authorities for a period of four years (five years for Social Security), except

when there have been tax losses, tax benefits have been received, or when inspections, claims or challenges are in progress, in which cases, depending on the circumstances, these years are extended or suspended. Therefore, CTT's income tax returns from 2016 and onwards may still be reviewed and corrected, since the income tax returns prior to this date have already been inspected, even though the deadlines for the years 2014 and 2015 have not yet expired.

The Board of Directors of the Company believes that any corrections arising from reviews/inspections by the tax authorities of these income tax returns will not have a significant effect on the consolidated financial statements as at 31 December 2017.

51.RELATED PARTIES

The Regulation on Assessment and Control of transactions with CTT related parties defines related party as a qualified shareholder, officer, or even a third party related by any commercial or relevant personal interest and subsidiaries or associates or jointly controlled entities (joint ventures).

According to the Regulation, the significant transactions with related parties, as well as transactions that members of the Board of Directors of CTT and/or its subsidiaries conduct with CTT and/or its subsidiaries, must be previously approved by the Audit Committee of CTT.

The other related parties' transactions are communicated to the Audit Committee for the purpose of subsequent examination.

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the following transactions took place and the following balances existed with related parties, regarding the Group:

2017
Group Accounts receivable Accounts payable Revenues Costs Dividends
Shareholders - - - - 72,000,000
Other shareholders of Group companies
Associated companies 1,658 9,470 11,250 106,989 -
Jointly controlled 264,615 - 519,618 216 -
Members of the
Board of Directors - - - 4,147,305 -
Audit Committee - - - 399,843 -
Remuneration Committee - - - 50,241 -
General Meeting - - - 4,500 -
266,273 9,470 530,868 4,709,094 72,000,000
2016
Group Accounts receivable Accounts payable Revenues Costs Dividends
Shareholders - - - - 70,264,792
Other shareholders of Group companies
Associated companies 2,038 12,667 12,224 84,674 -
Jointly controlled 106,496 - 522,308 18,664 -
Members of the
Board of Directors - - - 4,124,745 -
Audit Committee - - - 408,571 -
Remuneration Committee - - - 33,824 -
General Meeting - - - 4,500 -
108,535 12,667 534,532 4,674,978 70,264,792

During the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the following transactions took place and the following balances existed with related parties, regarding the Company:

2017
Company Accounts receivable Shareholders and
Group companies (DB)
Accounts payable Shareholders and
Group companies (CB)
Revenues Costs Interest income Dividends
Shareholders - - - - - - - 72,000,000
Group companies
Subsidiaries 5,833,733 6,413,511 2,601,776 12,821,447 32,806,937 8,901,683 126,404 -
Associated companies 1,658 - 9,470 - 11,250 105,230 - -
Joint Ventures 264,615 - - - 519,618 - - -
Other related parties - - - - - - - -
Members of the
Board of Directors - - - - - 2,657,766 - -
Audit Committee - - - - - 209,843 - -
Remuneration Committee - - - - - 50,241 - -
General Meeting - - - - - 4,500 - -
6,100,006 6,413,511 2,611,246 12,821,447 33,337,805 11,929,263 126,404 72,000,000

DB - Debit balance; CB - Credit balance

2016
Company Accounts receivable Shareholders and
Group companies (DB)
Accounts payable Shareholders and
Group companies (CB)
Revenues Costs Interest income Dividends
Shareholders - - - - - - - 70,264,792
Group companies
Subsidiaries 6,178,794 8,847,399 3,930,691 7,341,360 30,989,108 9,200,339 144,556 -
Associated companies 2,038 - 9,223 - 12,224 84,262 - -
Joint Ventures 106,496 - - - 522,308 - - -
Other related parties 192 - - - - - - -
Members of the
Board of Directors - - - - - 2,980,141 - -
Audit Committee - - - - - 218,571 - -
Remuneration Board - - - - - 33,824 - -
General Meeting - - - - - 4,500 - -
6,287,520 8,847,399 3,939,914 7,341,360 31,523,640 12,521,637 144,556 70,264,792

DB - Debit balance; CB - Credit balance

Regarding the Company, as at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the nature and detail, by company of the Group, of the main debit and credit balances was as follows:

2017
Company Accounts receivable Shareholders and
Group companies (DB)
Total accounts
receivable
Accounts payable Shareholders and
Group companies (CB)
Total accounts
payable
Subsidiaries
Banco CTT, S.A. 310,169 - 310,169 9,069 11,131,017 11,140,086
CTT Expresso,S.A. 2,616,197 1,125,000 3,741,197 1,663,559 1,425,115 3,088,673
Payshop Portugal, S.A. 121,469 - 121,469 413,354 238,187 651,541
CTT Contacto, S.A. 318,404 490,511 808,915 326,359 - 326,359
Mailtec Comunicação S.A. 150,301 - 150,301 184,432 27,128 211,560
Escrita Inteligente, S.A. 119,059 - 119,059 - - -
CORRE - Correio Expresso Moçambique, S.A. 723,519 - 723,519 - - -
Tourline Express Mensajeria, S.A. 1,396,998 2,140,000 3,536,998 5,003 - 5,003
Transporta - Transportes Porta a Porta, S.A. 77,617 2,658,000 2,735,617 - - -
Associated companies
Multicert - Serviços de Certificação Electrónica, S.A. 1,658 - 1,658 9,470 - 9,470
Joint Ventures
NewPost, ACE 264,615 - 264,615 - - -
6,100,006 6,413,511 12,513,517 2,611,246 12,821,447 15,432,693

DB - Debit balance; CB - Credit balance

2016
Company Accounts receivable Shareholders and
Group companies (DB)
Total accounts
receivable
Accounts payable Shareholders and
Group companies (CB)
Total accounts
payable
Subsidiaries
Banco CTT, S.A. 289,844 - 289,844 - 7,120,649 7,120,649
CTT Expresso,S.A. 3,081,067 4,190,294 7,271,361 2,504,508 - 2,504,508
Payshop Portugal, S.A. 81,704 6,947 88,651 448,163 - 448,163
CTT Contacto, S.A. 339,331 650,158 989,489 388,326 139,152 527,478
Mailtec Comunicação S.A. 62,837 - 62,837 581,137 81,559 662,697
Escrita Inteligente, S.A. 76,399 - 76,399 - - -
CORRE - Correio Expresso Moçambique, S.A. 980,271 - 980,271 - - -
Tourline Express Mensajeria, S.A. 1,267,342 4,000,000 5,267,342 8,556 - 8,556
Associated companies
Multicert - Serviços de Certificação Electrónica, S.A. 2,038 - 2,038 9,223 - 9,223
Joint Ventures
Ti-Post Prestação Serviços Informáticos, ACE 1,778 - 1,778 - - -
NewPost, ACE 104,718 - 104,718 - - -
Other related parties
Payshop Moçambique, S.A.R.L. 192 - 192 - - -
6,287,520 8,847,399 15,134,919 3,939,914 7,341,360 11,281,274

DB - Debit balance; CB - Credit balance

As far as the Company is concerned, during the years ended 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016, the nature and detail, by company of the Group, of the main transactions was as follows:

2017
Company Assets Services to be Assets sold Sales and services Other operating Supplies and external Other operating Interest Income
acquired reinvoiced rendered revenues services costs
Subsidiaries
Banco CTT, S.A. - - - 497,014 515,567 - - -
CTT Expresso,S.A. - 17,865 234,106 287,017 24,140,279 1,837,933 - 24,870
Payshop Portugal, S.A. - - 20,916 65,800 863,055 4,343,145 - -
CTT Contacto, S.A. - 17,524 11,970 530,341 3,631,247 1,760,690 - -
Mailtec Comunicação S.A. - 1,056,895 - 245,183 621,262 952,969 - -
Escrita Inteligente, S.A. - - 12,480 - - - - -
CORRE - Correio Expresso Moçambique, S.A. - - - - 382,729 - - -
Tourline Express Mensajeria, S.A. 33,060 1,614 - 2,367 1,023,719 6,000 - 82,509
Transporta - Transportes Porta a Porta, S.A. - - - 1,358 - 947 - 19,025
Associated companies
Multicert - Serviços de Certificação Electrónica, S.A. - - - 11,250 - 105,230 - -
Joint Ventures
NewPost, ACE - - - - 519,618 - - -
33,060 1,093,897 279,472 1,640,330 31,697,475 9,006,913 - 126,404
2016
Company Assets Services to be Assets sold Sales and services Other operating Supplies and external Other operating Interest Income
acquired reinvoiced rendered revenues services costs
Subsidiaries
Banco CTT, S.A. - - 86,384 119,157 347,902 - - -
CTT Expresso,S.A. 75,885 58,755 234,711 284,972 22,423,193 1,999,192 22,422 113,885
Payshop Portugal, S.A. - - - 57,402 761,976 4,309,490 - 46
CTT Contacto, S.A. - 88,502 - 1,360,816 3,129,281 1,864,502 - -
Mailtec Comunicação S.A. - 1,274,504 - 250,022 813,715 998,374 - -
Escrita Inteligente, S.A. - - - - - - - -
CORRE - Correio Expresso Moçambique, S.A. - - - - 424,729 - - -
Tourline Express Mensajeria, S.A. 108,793 26,411 - 2,416 1,013,527 6,360 - 30,625
Associated companies
Multicert - Serviços de Certificação Electrónica, S.A. - - - 12,224 - 84,233 29 -
Joint Ventures
Ti-Post Prestação Serviços Informáticos, ACE - - - - - - - -
NewPost, ACE - - - - 522,308 - - -
Other related parties
Payshop Moçambique, S.A.R.L. - - - - - - - -
184,678 1,448,171 321,095 2,087,009 29,436,631 9,262,150 22,451 144,556

52. FEES AND SERVICES OF THE EXTERNAL AUDITORS

The information concerning the fees and services provided by the external auditors is detailed in items 46 and 47 of the Corporate governance report.

53. INFORMATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS

The environment is one of the relevant topics identified in the course of CTT stakeholders' materiality exercise and mapping and integrates the Sustainability strategy of the Group, from a perspective of risk and opportunity management. This approach and the related commitments assumed are expressed in statements and in CTT management standards, as shown in the Environment Policy, Policy of Energy, Carbon and Climate Change Management, Responsible Purchasing Policies and the Code of Conduct (internal) or Business & Biodiversity, Caring for Climate from United Nations and COP 21 Principles (external).

CTT actively participates in a wide range of environmental descriptors such as the energy efficiency, carbon and climate change management, certified environmental management systems, sustainable mobility and alternative fleets, biodiversity, waste management, responsible purchases or sustainable marketing, having been recognised with awards, both at national and international level. The campaigns carried out and the achievements are detailed in the "Sustainability Report of CTT".

In order to ensure the coverage of environmental liabilities arising from the Decree-Law no. 147/2008 of 29 July (Law of Environmental Responsibility), as amended by Decree-Law no. 245/2009 of 22 September, by Decree-Law no. 29A/2011 of 1 March and Decree-Law no. 60/2012 of 14 March, which establish the legal regime of liability for environmental damage, CTT

took out an insurance to cover civil liability in the amount of 1,000,000 Euros per damage and insured period.

To the extent of our knowledge, there are no current environmental liabilities or obligations, whether legal or constructive, related to environmental matters that should lead to the constitution of provisions.

54.PROVISION OF INSURANCE MEDIATION SERVICE

In accordance with the Regulatory Standard of the Instituto de Seguros de Portugal (Portuguese Insurance Institute) no. 15/2009-R of 30 December 2009, the Company discloses the relevant information regarding the activity of insurance mediation according to article 4 of the above mentioned Regulatory Standard.

a) Description of the accounting policies adopted for the recognition of revenue

The insurance agent recognises revenue in accordance with the rules in force, i.e. when the mediator closes accounts with the Insurance companies. The issuance and repayment of insurance are recorded in each Post Office accounting document and allocated to the respective account, according to the respective nature.

b) Indication of total revenue received detailed by nature

By nature 2017 2016
Cash 1,800,530 2,452,267
In-kind
1,800,530 2,452,267
By type 2017 2016
Commissions 1,800,530 2,452,267
Fees
Other remuneration
1,800,530 2,452,267

c) Indication of total revenues relating to insurance contracts intermediated by the Company detailed by Branch Life and Non-Life

2017
By entity Branch Life Branch Non-Life
Insurance Companies 1,687,736 112,794
Other mediators
Customers (other)
1,687,736 112,794

d) Indication of the existence of concentration levels at the level of insurance companies, other mediators, which are equal or greater than 25% of the total remuneration earned by the portfolio

By entity 2017 2016
Insurance Companies
FIDELIDADE 88.40% 90.10%
Other mediators
Customers (other)

e) Values of customers' accounts, at the beginning at the end of the year, as well as the volume handled over the year applicable to insurance intermediaries that handle funds related to insurance contracts

Accounts 'Customers' 2017 2016
Open Balance - -
Closing Balance - -
Volume handled
Debt 39,720,945 178,312,367
Credit 2,535,619 24,986,644

f) Accounts receivable and payable broken down by source

Accounts receivable
Accounts payable
By entity 2017 2016 2017 2016
Policyholders, insureds or beneficiaries
Insurance companies 406,681 2,806,435 37,907 31,594
Reinsurance undertakings
Other mediators
Customers (other)
Total 406,681 2,806,435 37,907 31,594

g) Indication of the aggregate amounts included in accounts receivable and payable

Accounts receivable Accounts payable
By entity 2017 2016 2017 2016
Funds received in order to be transferred to insurance
companies for payment of insurance premiums
2,535,619 24,986,644 2,198,490 23,109,246
Collecting funds in order to be transferred to insurance
companies for payment of insurance premiums
Funds entrusted to it by insurance companies in order to
be transferred to policyholders, insureds or beneficiaries
(or insurance companies in case the activity of
reinsurance mediation)
40,788,406 175,834,816 39,720,945 178,312,367
Remuneration in respect of insurance premiums already
collected and to be collected
Other mediators
Total 43,324,025 200,821,460 41,919,434 201,421,613

Note: The remaining paragraphs of the standard do not apply.

55. OTHER INFORMATION

Regulatory proceedings

In the daily operation of its business, CTT is regularly subject to inquiry from the supervisory entities for verification of compliance with current legislation and verification of procedures to ensure the provision of services, the Company adopts an attitude of collaboration by providing the necessary clarifications and due answer.

In this context, and following the statement of objections issued by the Competition Authority (AdC) in August 2016 on the basis of CTT's alleged set up of obstacles on the access to its postal network infrastructure by its competitors, to which CTT reacted within the legal deadline, as well as the investigation carried out by said authority, CTT, with the objective of responding to the competition concerns expressed by the AdC, presented, on 22 December 2017, under the terms and for the purposes set forth in article 23 of Law no. 19/2012, of 8 May (Competition Law), a set of commitments that consist in the extension of the scope of the Offer of Access to the Postal Network (Offer of Access), made available to the competing postal operators, as follows:

    1. Extension of the postal services covered by the Access Offer, namely the National Editorial Service, the Domestic Priority Service and the Domestic Registered Service;
    1. Introduction of new access points to the postal network, further downstream in the postal distribution chain, namely Destination Production and Logistics Centers and 218 Destination

Post Offices (with the exception of the Domestic Base Service weighing up to 50 g), whose mail is directly forwarded for delivery by postal workers through the Postal Delivery Offices;

    1. Introduction of faster delivery time in the case of access through the Destination Post Offices for the Domestic Basic Service items weighing more than 50 g and the Domestic Editorial Service;
    1. Possibility for a competing operator to be able to carry out additional mail processing tasks, namely the separation of mail by distribution area from the Postal Delivery Office and by street;
    1. Lower pricing for access to the network than that applied to final customers, with differentiated prices depending on the access point, mail service and mail processing tasks carried out by the competing operator.

The commitments submitted by CTT were subject to a public consultation, pending a final decision by the AdC, which will take into account the comments submitted by those interested in that consultation.

56.SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Retail Network optimisation

CTT's Board of Directors, aiming at the present and future sustainability of the company, approved an Operational Transformation Plan that provides, among other measures to be applied during its implementation, the optimisation of the presence of post offices according to the demand, always ensuring an adequate quality in the provision of services, namely the Universal Postal Service.

In a first phase (1st quarter of 2018), 25 CTT post offices (Access Points) were identified for optimisation, resulting in an increase of 3 access points which is a direct outcome of the reduction of 20 own post offices and the increase of 23 postal agencies that are part of the more than 2,360 access points existing throughout the country. It is important to note that this optimisation does not jeopardise the presence of CTT and its capillarity throughout the national territory or the full compliance with the criteria of geographical density required of the company as a Universal Postal Service provider. CTT will continue to ensure a proximity service to the populations and to its customers to meet the existing demand for the services provided by CTT, namely the Universal Postal Service – including the payment of postal money orders regarding social benefits (retirement pensions and all others), invoice collection, ordinary and priority mail, the reception of registered mail items and parcels, among others.

Share Capital increase in Banco CTT

On 4 January 2018, the share capital of Banco CTT was increase by 6,400,000 Euros through the transfer to Banco CTT of all the shares representing the share capital of Payshop (Portugal), SA. This operation is aligned with the strategy of concentrating the Group's business lines related to the financial sector at Banco CTT as well as with the project submitted to Banco de Portugal at the time of its creation and information transmitted at Capital Markets Day.

Additionally, on 7 March 2018, a new capital increase was made in the amount of 25,000,000 Euros (from 131,400,000 Euros to 156,400,000 Euros), through the issue of new shares without nominal value and with the issuance value of 1 Euro each, to be fully subscribed and paid in cash by the sole shareholder CTT. This operation is also in line with the 2016-2018 and 2017-2019 Plans approved by the Bank's Board of Directors, as well as with the information transmitted at Capital Markets Day.

PART III –AUDIT REPORT AND REPORT AND OPINION OF THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

KPMG & Associados - Sociedade de Revisores Oficiais de Contas, S.A. Edifício Monumental - Av. Praia da Vitória, 71 - A, 8º 1069-006 Lisboa - Portugal +351 210 110 000 | www.kpmg.pt

STATUTORY AUDITORS' REPORT AND AUDITORS' REPORT

(Free translation from a report originally issued in Portuguese language. In case of doubt the Portuguese version will always prevail.)

REPORT ON THE AUDIT OF THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Opinion

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A. (the Group), which comprise the consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2017 (showing a total of 1,608,765,392 euros and shareholders' equity of 183,990,949 euros, including noncontrolling interests of 146,738 euros and a profit attributable to the shareholders of the Entity of 27,263,244 euros), and the consolidated income statement by nature, consolidated statement of comprehensive income, consolidated statement of changes in equity and consolidated statement of cash flows for the year then ended, and the accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view, in all material respects, of the consolidated financial position of CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A. as at 31 December 2017 and of its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union.

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) and further technical and ethical standards and guidelines as issued by Ordem dos Revisores Oficiais de Contas (the Portuguese Institute of Statutory Auditors). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the "Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements" section below. We are independent of the entities that comprise the Group in accordance with the law and we have fulfilled other ethical requirements in accordance with the Ordem dos Revisores Oficiais de Contas' code of ethics.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Key audit matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current year. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

Revenue recognition
Risk Our Response
CTT is a listed company and the International
Standards on Auditing assume that there is an
increased risk of fraud related to revenue when
there is pressure over management to achieve
budgeted results.
Additionally, CTT is active in several business
areas (Post,
Express & Parcels, Financial
services and Banking) and the policies for the
recognition of revenue are different for each of
the area, as mentioned in notes 2.22 and 40.
Within the scope of our audit we performed,
among others, the following audit procedures:

Test the design and implementation of key
controls related to revenue recognition;

Test the operating effectiveness of controls
related
with
the
revenue
recognition
process;

Tests of details to the transactions (on a
sample basis) namely in relation to the
timing of revenue recognition;

Substantive analytical procedures and tests
of the journal entries in order to identify and
test the risk of fraud and possible override
of the implemented controls; and

Evaluation of the adequacy of disclosures
made by the Entity in relation to revenue
recognition,
taking
into
account
the
applicable accounting framework.

Employee benefits

The responsibilities with post-employment health benefits and other long-term benefits of employees and board members involve a significant degree of judgment in the definition of long term assumptions, which might result in significant variances of the amounts booked in the financial statements as referred to in notes 2.19, 2.28 and 32.

Risk Our Response

Within the scope of our audit we performed, among others, the following audit procedures:

  • Evaluation of the reasonableness of assumptions and estimates used in the actuarial computation and the methodology for the computation of the responsibility;
  • Comparison of the information provided by management to the independent actuary for the computation of the responsibility;
  • Evaluation of the competence, independence and integrity of the actuary hired by management; and
  • Evaluation of the adequacy of disclosures made by the Entity in relation to employee benefits, including the sensitivity analyses, taking into account the applicable accounting framework.

Provisions

Risk Our response

The provisions for labor contingencies included in the financial statements are based on the Board of Directors' best estimate about the timing and future cash outflows for their settlement, using assumptions that require judgment, as referred to in notes 2.21, 2.28 and 33.

Within the scope of our audit we performed, among others, the following audit procedures:

  • Analysis of the lawsuits brought against CTT by third parties and the contingencies identified by CTT, namely supporting information and replies to our confirmation requests from lawyers on the status of the lawsuits where CTT is involved;
  • Challenge the assumptions that support the estimates of the Board of Directors; and
  • Evaluation of the adequacy of the disclosures made by CTT in relation to the recognition of provisions, taking into account the applicable accounting framework.

Start of activity of Banco CTT (Bank)

Risk Our response
As referred in note 1.2 the Bank started its
activity at the end of 2015, and in 2017 continued
the strategy for investment, increase of the
number of branches and launch of new products.
The development stage of the activity of a bank
that is in its starting point is relevant for the audit
Among other procedures, we analyzed the
evolution of the activity during 2017, the revised
budget for 2018 and the new medium term
business plan as well as the adjustments
performed to the plan approved at the end of
2016.
strategy,
being
particularly
relevant
the
We discussed with the management the future
adjustment and monitoring of the financial model,
approved by the shareholder, to the market
expectations, namely regarding the development
of
credit
concession,
forms
of
financing,

of credit concession, forms of financing, shareholders' support and expected profitability.

Operational transformation plan

consideration risks and opportunities.

conditions in each moment, taking into

Risk Our response
As referred in notes 33, 45 and 56, CTT
communicated to the markets an operational
transformation
plan
with
the
objective
of
optimizing the growth and operational efficiency.
The main impacts of the plan in the financial
statements were:

Within the scope of our audit we performed,
among others, the following audit procedures:
Challenge
the
assumptions
supporting
Management's estimates;
Evaluation of the remaining impacts of the
operational
transformation
plan
and
Recognition of a restructuring provision of challenging the underlying assumptions;
11,841,708 euros; Discuss with Management the impact of the
Recognition of a 1,729,651 euros provision
related to costs to incur with the closure of
plan's measures, namely in the future plans
used in the impairment tests; and
branches to optimize the existing net of Evaluation of the adequacy of disclosures
  • related to provisions recognition, as well as subsequent events after 31 December 2017, taking into account the accounting framework.
  • branches to optimize the existing net of branches;
  • Decrease of the variable remuneration liability estimate.

Credit concession

Risk Our response
The Banco CTT started conceding housing loans
in March 2017.
Within the scope of our audit we performed,
among others, the following audit procedures:
This process was newly created by the bank,
based on an IT workflow developed with an
external partner.

Understanding
the
credit
concession
process, since the proposals reception until
the final booking, identifying the risks and
Due to the recent integration of this process,
defined objectives and related risks, we have
classified this area as a key audit matter.
related controls;

Analysis of the minutes of the Credit
Committee, where the proposals with higher
risk are discussed and the key guidelines for
the credit concession process are defined;

Analysis of the integration of processes
between the bank and the other partners, as
well as between the operational and
accounting systems;

Evaluation
of
the
design
and
implementation of controls related to the
credit concession process;

Analysis
of
the
impairment
model
implemented by the bank; and

Evaluation of disclosures made by the Entity
in
accordance
with
the
applicable
accounting framework.

Responsibilities of Management and the Supervisory Body for the Consolidated Financial Statements

Management is responsible for:

  • the preparation of consolidated financial statements that give a true and fair view of the Group's financial position, financial performance and the cash flows, in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union;
  • the preparation of the management report and the corporate governance report in accordance with applicable laws and regulations;
  • designing and maintaining an appropriate internal control system to enable the preparation of consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error;
  • the adoption of accounting policies and principles appropriate in the circumstances; and,
  • assessing the Group's ability to continue as a going concern, and disclosing, as applicable, the matters that may cast significant doubt about the Group's ability to continue as a going concern.

The supervisory body is responsible for overseeing the Group's financial reporting process.

Auditor´s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Consolidated Financial Statements

Our responsibility is to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatements whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors' report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

  • identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations or the override of internal control;
  • obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group's internal control;
  • evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management;
  • conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditors' report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditors' report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern;
  • evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation;
  • obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.
  • communicate with those charged with governance, including the supervisory body, regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit, and significant audit findings including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit;

  • determine, from the matters communicated with those charged with governance, including the supervisory body, those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current year and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditors' report unless law or regulation precludes their public disclosure; and,

  • provide the supervisory body with a statement that we have complied with the relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and communicate all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

Our responsibility also includes the verification that the information contained in the management report is consistent with the financial statements, and the verification of the requirements as provided in numbers 4 and 5 of article 451 of the Portuguese Companies' Code.

REPORT ON OTHER LEGAL AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

On the Management Report

Pursuant to article 451, nr. 3, al. (e) of the Portuguese Companies' Code, it is our opinion that the management report was prepared in accordance with the applicable legal and regulatory requirements and the information contained therein is consistent with the audited consolidated financial statements and, having regard to our knowledge and assessment of the Group, we have not identified any material misstatements.

On the Corporate Governance Report

Pursuant to article 451, nr. 4, of the Portuguese Companies' Code, it is our opinion that the corporate governance report includes the information required to the Group to provide under article 245-A of the Securities Code, and we have not identified any material misstatements on the information provided therein in compliance with paragraphs c), d), f), h), i) and m) of that article.

On the non-financial information defined in the article 66-B of the Portuguese Companies' Code

Pursuant to article 451, nr. 6, of the Portuguese Companies' Code, we inform that the Group has prepared a separate report where includes the non-financial information defined in article 66-B of the Portuguese Companies' Code, having that report being published with the management report.

On the additional matters provided in article nr. 10 of the Regulation (EU) nr. 537/2014

Pursuant to article 10 of the Regulation (EU) nr. 537/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 16 April 2014, and in addition to the key audit matters mentioned above, we also report the following::

— We were first appointed as auditors of CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A. (parent Entity of the Group) in the shareholders general assembly held on 5 May 2014 to complete the last year of the term of the three year period from 2012 to 2014. We were appointed at the shareholders' meeting on 5 May 2015 for the current term from 2015 to 2017;

  • Management as confirmed to us that they are not aware of any fraud or suspicion of fraud having occurred that has a material effect on the financial statements. In planning and executing our audit in accordance with ISAs we maintained professional skepticism, and we designed audit procedures to respond to the possibility of material misstatement in the consolidated financial statements due to fraud. As a result of our work, we have not identified any material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements due to fraud;
  • We confirm that the audit opinion we issue is consistent with the additional report that we prepared and delivered to the supervisory body of the Group on 6 March 2018; and
  • We declare that we have not provided any prohibited services as described in article 77, nr. 8 of the Ordem dos Revisores Oficiais de Contas statutes, and we have remained independent of the Group in conducting the audit.

Lisbon, 7 March 2018

SIGNED ON THE ORIGINAL

KPMG & Associados - Sociedade de Revisores Oficiais de Contas, S.A. (nr. 189) represented by Paulo Alexandre Martins Quintas Paixão (ROC nr. 1427)

KPMG & Associados - Sociedade de Revisores Oficiais de Contas, S.A. Edifício Monumental - Av. Praia da Vitória, 71 - A, 8º 1069-006 Lisboa - Portugal +351 210 110 000 | www.kpmg.pt

STATUTORY AUDITORS' REPORT AND AUDITORS' REPORT

(Free translation from a report originally issued in Portuguese language. In case of doubt the Portuguese version will always prevail.)

REPORT ON THE AUDIT OF THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Opinion

We have audited the accompanying financial statements of CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A. (the Entity or CTT), which comprise the statement of financial position as at 31 December 2017 (showing a total of 941,045,268 euros and shareholders' equity of 183,844,211 euros, including a profit of 27,263,244 euros), the income statement by nature, statement of comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity and statement of cash flows for the year then ended, and the accompanying notes to the financial statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies.

In our opinion, the accompanying financial statements give a true and fair view, in all material respects, of the financial position of CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A. as at 31 December 2017 and of its financial performance and its cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union.

Basis for Opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs) and further technical and ethical standards and guidelines as issued by Ordem dos Revisores Oficiais de Contas (the Portuguese Institute of Statutory Auditors). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the "Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements" section below. We are independent of the Entity in accordance with the law and we have fulfilled other ethical requirements in accordance with the Ordem dos Revisores Oficiais de Contas' code of ethics.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Key audit matters

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements of the current year. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.

Revenue recognition
Risk Our Response
CTT is a listed company and the International
Standards on Auditing assume that there is an
increased risk of fraud related to revenue when
there is pressure over management to achieve
budgeted results.
Additionally, CTT is active in several business
areas (Post and Financial Services) and the
policies for the recognition of revenue are
different for each of the area, as mentioned in
notes 2.22 and 40.
Within the scope of our audit we performed,
among others, the following audit procedures:

Test the design and implementation of key
controls related to revenue recognition;

Test the operating effectiveness of controls
related
with
the
revenue
recognition
process;

Tests of details to the transactions (on a
sample basis) namely in relation to the
timing of revenue recognition;

Substantive analytical procedures and tests
of the journal entries in order to identify and
test the risk of fraud and possible override
of the implemented controls; and

Evaluation of the adequacy of disclosures
made by the Entity in relation to revenue
recognition,
taking
into
account
the

applicable accounting framework.

Employee benefits

The responsibilities with post-employment health benefits and other long-term benefits of employees and board members involve a significant degree of judgment in the definition of long term assumptions, which might result in significant variances of the amounts booked in the financial statements as referred to in notes 2.19, 2.28 and 32.

Risk Our Response

Within the scope of our audit we performed, among others, the following audit procedures:

  • Evaluation of the reasonableness of assumptions and estimates used in the actuarial computation and the methodology for the computation of the responsibility;
  • Comparison of the information provided by management to the independent actuary for the computation of the responsibility;
  • Evaluation of the competence, independence and integrity of the actuary hired by management; and
  • Evaluation of the adequacy of disclosures made by the Entity in relation to employee benefits, including the sensitivity analyses, taking into account the applicable accounting framework.

Provisions

Risk Our response

Within the scope of our audit we performed, among others, the following audit procedures:

  • Analysis of the lawsuits brought against CTT by third parties and the contingencies identified by CTT, namely supporting information and replies to our confirmation requests from lawyers on the status of the lawsuits where CTT is involved;
  • Challenge the assumptions that support the estimates of the Board of Directors; and
  • Evaluation of the adequacy of the disclosures made by CTT in relation to the recognition of provisions, taking into account the applicable accounting framework.

settlement, using assumptions that require judgment, as referred to in notes 2.21, 2.28 and 33.

The provisions for labor contingencies included in the financial statements are based on the Board of Directors' best estimate about the timing and future cash outflows for their

Start of activity of Banco CTT (Bank)

As referred in note 1.2 the Bank started its activity at the end of 2015, and in 2017 continued the strategy for investment, increase of the number of branches and launch of new products.

The development stage of the activity of a bank that is in its starting point is relevant for the audit strategy, being particularly relevant the adjustment and monitoring of the financial model, approved by the shareholder, to the market conditions in each moment, taking into consideration risks and opportunities.

Risk Our response

In this area, our audit procedures included, among others, the following:

  • Analysis of the valuation methodology used, Dividend Discount Model (DDM), with the involvement of our valuation specialists;
  • Analysis of the computation of the recoverable amount of Banco CTT and of the main assumptions of the imparity model, namely the discount rate (cost of equity), the perpetuity growth rate, the Core Tier 1 requirements considered for the computation of profits available for distribution, dividends distributed and capital increases;
  • Test the mathematical accuracy of the impairment model;
  • Comparison of the financial projections with the budget and plan approved and presented to the Banco de Portugal;
  • Discuss with management the future expectations, namely in relation to credit concession, forms of financing and expected profitability;
  • Performance of sensitivity analyses to the main assumptions; and
  • Evaluation of the adequacy of disclosures made by the Entity in the financial statements.

4

Operational transformation plan

Risk Our response
As referred in notes 33, 45 and 56, CTT
communicated to the markets an operational
transformation
plan
with
the
objective
of
optimizing the growth and operational efficiency.
The main impacts of the plan in the financial
statements were:
Within the scope of our audit we performed,
among others, the following audit procedures:

Challenge
the
assumptions
supporting
Management's estimates;

Evaluation of the remaining impacts of the
operational
transformation
plan
and

Recognition of a restructuring provision of
11,841,708 euros;
challenging the underlying assumptions;

Discuss with Management the impact of the

Recognition of a 1,729,651 euros provision
related to costs to incur with the closure of
branches to optimize the existing net of
plan's measures, namely in the future plans
used in the impairment tests; and

Evaluation of the adequacy of disclosures
branches;

Decrease of the variable remuneration
liability estimate.
related to provisions recognition, as well as
subsequent events after 31 December
2017, taking into account the accounting

Responsibilities of Management and the Supervisory Body for the Financial Statements

framework.

Management is responsible for:

  • the preparation of financial statements that give a true and fair view of the Entity's financial position, financial performance and the cash flows, in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union;
  • the preparation of the management report and the corporate governance report in accordance with applicable laws and regulations;
  • designing and maintaining an appropriate internal control system to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error;
  • the adoption of accounting policies and principles appropriate in the circumstances; and,
  • assessing the Entity's ability to continue as a going concern, and disclosing, as applicable, the matters that may cast significant doubt about the Entity's ability to continue as a going concern.

The supervisory body is responsible for overseeing the Entity's financial reporting process.

Auditor´s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial Statements

Our responsibility is to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatements whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors' report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:

  • identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations or the override of internal control;
  • obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Entity's internal control;
  • evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by management;
  • conclude on the appropriateness of management's use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Entity's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditors' report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditors' report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Entity to cease to continue as a going concern;
  • evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation;
  • communicate with those charged with governance, including the supervisory body, regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit, and significant audit findings including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit;
  • determine, from the matters communicated with those charged with governance, including the supervisory body, those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements of the current year and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditors' report unless law or regulation precludes their public disclosure; and,

— provide the supervisory body with a statement that we have complied with the relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and communicate all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.

Our responsibility also includes the verification that the information contained in the management report is consistent with the financial statements, and the verification of the requirements as provided in numbers 4 and 5 of article 451 of the Portuguese Companies' Code.

REPORT ON OTHER LEGAL AND REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

On the Management Report

Pursuant to article 451, nr. 3, al. (e) of the Portuguese Companies' Code, it is our opinion that the management report was prepared in accordance with the applicable legal and regulatory requirements and the information contained therein is consistent with the audited financial statements and, having regard to our knowledge and assessment of the Entity, we have not identified any material misstatements.

On the Corporate Governance Report

Pursuant to article 451, nr. 4, of the Portuguese Companies' Code, it is our opinion that the corporate governance report includes the information required to the Entity to provide under article 245-A of the Securities Code, and we have not identified any material misstatements on the information provided therein in compliance with paragraphs c), d), f), h), i) and m) of that article.

On the non-financial information defined in the article 66-B of the Portuguese Companies' Code

Pursuant to article 451, nr. 6, of the Portuguese Companies' Code, we inform that the Entity has prepared a separate report where includes the non-financial information defined in article 66-B of the Portuguese Companies' Code, having that report being published with the management report.

On the additional matters provided in article 10 of the Regulation (EU) nr. 537/2014

Pursuant to article 10 of the Regulation (EU) nr. 537/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 16 April 2014, and in addition to the key audit matters mentioned above, we also report the following::

  • We were first appointed as auditors of the Entity in the shareholders general assembly held on 5 May 2014 to complete the last year of the term of the three year period from 2012 to 2014. We were appointed at the shareholders' meeting on 5 May 2015 for the current term from 2015 to 2017;
  • Management as confirmed to us that they are not aware of any fraud or suspicion of fraud having occurred that has a material effect on the financial statements. In planning and executing our audit in accordance with ISAs we maintained professional skepticism, and we designed audit procedures to respond to the possibility of material misstatement in the financial statements due to fraud. As a result of our work, we have not identified any material misstatement of the financial statements due to fraud;

  • We confirm that the audit opinion we issue is consistent with the additional report that we prepared and delivered to the supervisory body of the Entity on 6 March 2018; and

  • We declare that we have not provided any prohibited services as described in article 77, nr. 8 of the Ordem dos Revisores Oficiais de Contas statutes, and we have remained independent of the Entity in conducting the audit.

Lisbon, 7 March 2018

SIGNED ON THE ORIGINAL

KPMG & Associados - Sociedade de Revisores Oficiais de Contas, S.A. (nr. 189) represented by Paulo Alexandre Martins Quintas Paixão (ROC nr. 1427)

AUDIT COMMITTEE

Report and Opinion of the Audit Committee

- 2017 Financial Year -

1. Introduction

In compliance with the provisions of Article 423-F(1)(g) of the Portuguese Companies Code ("PCC") and article 5(5) of Internal Regulation of the Audit Committee ("AUC" or "Committee"), of CTT-Correios de Portugal, S.A. ("CTT" or "Company"), this body is hereby submitting its report of the supervisory and oversight activities carried out during the 2017 financial year and giving its opinion on the CTT Annual Report for the financial year ended on 31 December 2017, as well as on the respective Proposal for the Appropriation of Results, both presented by the Board of Directors.

2. Activities Carried Out

During the 2017 financial year, the AUC held 18 meetings at which all its members were present.

In order to ensure the full accomplishment of its mission, throughout the year, the Commission carried out various activities within the scope of its competences and in the fulfilment of its duties and responsibilities, with emphasis on the following in each of its main areas of intervention:

Monitor the functioning of the Company and ensure compliance with the law, the regulations and the articles of association

The regular monitoring of the evolution of the activity of the Company and its main subsidiaries was carried out in particular through:

(i) the participation of its members in the Board of Directors meetings; (ii) the contacts with the Executive Committee, especially the participation in the meetings of approval of accounts; (iii) other contacts with Company Directors as deemed necessary and timely by the AUC, particularly with the Chief Financial Officer and other senior officers of the Company such as the Heads of the Accounting & Treasury, Planning & Control, Finance & Risk, Legal Services and Audit & Quality Departments, including the Head of Compliance; and (iv) meetings with the Statutory Auditor.

In the performance of its duties the Committee also examined the documents distributed to support its work and obtained the information and clarifications to the questions raised in the analysis of such documents, especially those considered timely and adequate on the compliance of the Articles of Association and the applicable legal and regulatory provisions. The Committee did not come across any constraints or limitations to its action.

Supervising the quality and integrity of the financial information in the statements of accounts

Within the competences laid down in Article 423-F(1)(c) to (f) of the PCC, particularly for the purpose of supervising the compliance with accounting policies, criteria and practices, and reliability of the financial information, the following main actions were carried out:

(i) Regular monitoring of the preparation and disclosure of the financial information as well as assessment of the accounting principles and standards and respective amendments, including the supervision of their compliance, as well as of the estimates and judgements, the proceedings and the valuation criteria used; (ii) Monitoring of the new IFRS and their impacts on CTT; (iii) Analysis of the impact of the subsidiaries accounts on CTT accounts; (iv) Monitoring of the relevant financial and operating indicators; (v) Analysis of the Annual Report of the 2016 financial year as well as of the Corporate Governance Report, including opinion on same and on the Proposal for the Appropriation of Results submitted to the Annual General Meeting of Shareholders held on 20 April 2017; and (vi) Analysis of the consolidated and individual quarterly and half-yearly accounts of the 2017 financial year.

Overseeing the internal audit, internal control and risk management systems

In the scope of the oversight of the effectiveness of the risk management, internal control and internal audit systems, as well as the assessment of their functioning and their procedures, the following aspects should be noted:

(i) Follow-up of the work of the Audit & Quality Department on internal audit and compliance issues, and of the implementation of the recommendations issued; (ii) Approval of the Audit & Quality Department Activity Plan; (iii) Follow-up of the preparation of the Report on the Prevention of Money Laundering and Terrorism Financing ("PML/PTF") as laid down in Notices no. 9/2012 and no.2/2014 of the Bank of Portugal, on which an opinion was issued, and a PML/PTF self-evaluation questionnaire appreciated that was sent to the Bank of Portugal; (iv) Follow-up of the work related to the assessment, control and management of the main risks and vulnerabilities identified by the Company and the respective mitigation plans; (v) Follow-up of the litigation underway and other closed relevant contingencies; (vi) Assessment of the Reports on the Violation of the Code of

Conduct; (vii) Assessment of the Activity Report of the Ethics Committee and of the Whistleblowing Reports; and (viii) Preliminary assessment of the transactions with related parties, whenever required under the Regulation on Related Parties' Transactions, and subsequent assessment in the case of the other transactions with related parties, as provided for in same Regulation.

Supervising the performance of the duties of the Statutory Auditor

Regarding the supervision of the independence and the work of the Statutory Auditor of the CTT Group companies, KPMG & Associados, SROC, S.A. ("KPMG"), the AUC carried out several activities, of which the following stand out:

(i) Analysis of the proposal for the contracting of statutory audit services and prior authorisation for the provision of non-audit services by the Statutory Auditor to companies of the CTT Group in 2017; (ii) Assessment of the KPMG 2017 audit plan, including the methodology, timeline and corresponding work team; (iii) Assessment of the Statutory Auditor's Report and Audit Reports on the 2016 consolidated and individual Financial Statements; (iv) Appraisal of the Statutory Auditor's Additional Report for the 2016 financial year; (v) Assessment of the Limited Review Report regarding the consolidated Financial Statements as at 30 June 2017; (vi) Assessment of the preparatory work and matters considered relevant in the Statutory Auditor's Report of 2017; (vii) Assessment of the Statutory Auditor's recommendations, following the audit of the 2016 Financial Statements, on accounting and internal control aspects and of the information of the Company on the implementation of these recommendations; and (viii) Assessment of KPMG's activity and independence, appreciation of its letter of independence, and issuance of the Activity and Independence Assessment Report for the 2016 financial year.

3. Declaration of Conformity

Under the provisions of article 245(1)(c) of the Portuguese Securities Code ("PSC"), the members of the Audit Committee of CTT identified hereafter, in the framework of the duties they are assigned with, hereby state that, to the best of their knowledge, the information in the Management Report, the annual consolidated and individual Statements of Accounts, the Statutory Auditor's Report and Auditor's Report of consolidated accounts, and the Statutory Auditor's Report and Auditor's Report of individual accounts, and other consolidated and individual Financial Statements related documents required by law or regulation, regarding the financial year ended on 31 December 2017:

i. was prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards, giving a true and fair view of the assets and liabilities, the financial situation and the results of CTT and the companies included in its consolidation perimeter; and

ii. the Management Report, in particular, faithfully describes the business evolution, the performance and position of CTT and the companies included in its consolidation perimeter and contains a description of the major risks and uncertainties they are faced with.

4. Opinion on the Annual Report for the 2017 financial year

The AUC has reviewed the Management Report and the consolidated and individual Financial Statements for the financial year ended on 31 December 2017, including the statement of financial position, the income statements by nature, the statement of comprehensive income, the statement of changes in equity and the cash flow statement, as well as the notes attached thereto, all of which deserve its approval.

The consolidated and individual Financial Statements were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as adopted by the European Union on 31 December 2017.

The AUC also analysed the Corporate Governance Report, taking into account the provisions of article 420(5) of the PCC and article 245-A of the PSC, and the Sustainability Report, pursuant to articles 66-B and 508-G of the PCC.

The AUC appraised with special attention the terms of the Statutory Auditor's Report and of the Audit Reports on (i) the auditing of the consolidated and individual Financial Statements approved by the Board of Directors and issued on 7 March 2018 by KPMG & Associados–Sociedade de Revisores Oficiais de Contas, S.A., which express a favourable opinion on said Financial Statements, with no limitations or qualifications and (ii) the compliance with other legal and regulatory requirements applicable to the Management Report, the Corporate Governance Report and to the Sustainability Report, which express compliance with said requirements in force. The AUC also noted that the Statutory Auditor's Report and the Audit Reports include the additional information required in Article 10 of Regulation (EU) No 537/2014, particularly the so-called "Audit-Relevant Matters" which, in the case of the Company, KPMG defined as being:

  • i. Recognition of revenue;
  • ii. Employee benefits;
  • iii. Provisions;
  • iv. Start of activity of Banco CTT;
  • v. Operational transformation plan;
  • vi. Granting of credit (in the consolidated accounts).

Given the above-mentioned data and the action carried out, as well as in compliance with the provisions of article 423-F(1)(g), article 420(5) and (6), applicable by reference to the provisions of article 423-F(2), and article 452, all of the PCC, the Audit Committee hereby states that, to the best of its knowledge:

  • the Management Report,
  • the consolidated and individual Financial Statements,
  • the Proposal for the Appropriation of Results,
  • the Corporate Governance Report,
  • the Sustainability Report, and
  • the Statutory Auditor's Report on the consolidated and individual accounts

comply with the applicable legal and accounting rules and the Articles of Association. Accordingly, the Committee agrees with same and recommends that the General Meeting of CTT approves them.

Lisbon, 7 March 2018

The Audit Committee of CTT – Correios de Portugal, S.A.,

Maria Luísa Coutinho Ferreira Leite de Castro Anacoreta Correia (Chairwoman)

Nuno de Carvalho Fernandes Thomaz (Member)

Maria Belén Amatriain Corbi (Member)

(SIGNED ON THE ORIGINAL)

CONTACTS

REGISTERED OFFICE

Avenida D. João II, n.º 13 1999-001 Lisboa PORTUGAL Telefone: +351 210 471 836 Fax: +351 210 471 996

Customers

Email: [email protected] CTT Line 707 26 26 26 Workdays and Saturdays from 8h to 22h

Market Relations Representative

Guy Pacheco

Investor Relations Department

Peter Tsvetkov Email: [email protected] Telephone: +351 210 471 087 Fax: +351 210 471 996

Media

Brand and Communication Media Advisory Fernando Marante Email: [email protected] Telephone: +351 210 471 800

Talk to a Data Expert

Have a question? We'll get back to you promptly.