Foreign Filer Report • Sep 18, 2017
Foreign Filer Report
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Washington, D.C. 20549
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the month of September 2017
SANTANDER UK PLC (Translation of registrant's name into English)
2 Triton Square, Regent's Place, London NW1 3AN, England (Address of principal executive offices)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover Form 20-F or Form 40-F.
Form 20-F . . . .X. . . . Form 40-F . . . . . . . .
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant by furnishing the information contained in this Form is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
THE REGISTRANT HEREBY INCORPORATES ALL PARTS OF THIS REPORT ON FORM 6-K BY REFERENCE INTO REGISTRATION STATEMENT NO. 333-213861 FILED BY THE REGISTRANT WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON FORM F-3ASR UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933.
This Report on Form 6-K contains references to websites of the registrant and its affiliates. The registrant is not incorporating by reference any information posted on such websites.
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PART OF THE BANCO SANTANDER GROUP
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Santander UK plc and its subsidiaries (collectively Santander UK or the Santander UK group) operate primarily in the UK, and are part of Banco Santander (comprising Banco Santander SA and its subsidiaries). Santander UK plc is regulated by the UK Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and certain other companies within the Santander UK group are regulated by the FCA.
This Half Yearly Financial Report contains forward-looking statements that involve inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in such forwardlooking statements. See 'Forward-looking statements' in the Shareholder information section.
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| 2 | Introduction |
|---|---|
| 4 | Financial review |
| 14 | Risk review |
| 32 | Financial statements |
| 50 | Shareholder information |
| 52 | Other information for US investors |
None of the websites referred to in this Half Yearly Financial Report on Form 6-K for the six months ended 30 June 2017 (the Form 6-K), including where a link is provided, nor any of the information contained on such websites, is incorporated by reference herein.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Introduction
The Company sets out in this report a fair review of its business and a description of its principal risks and uncertainties, including a balanced and comprehensive analysis of the development and performance of the business in the first half of the year and of its position at the end of the period.
Santander UK plc (the Company) and its subsidiaries (collectively, Santander UK or the Santander UK group) is a major financial services provider, offering a wide range of personal financial products and services, and is a growing participant in the corporate banking market. The Company is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA).
We are progressing well with the implementation of a 'wide' ring-fence structure that will serve our retail, commercial and corporate customers. We believe this model provides greater certainty for our customers, while ensuring minimal disruption as we implement the changes required. This also maintains longer term flexibility for Santander UK, while lowering the overall programme implementation costs with the creation of the ring fence now involving the transfer of fewer customers.
The majority of our customer loans and assets as well as customer deposits and liabilities will remain within Santander UK plc, our principal ring-fenced bank. Prohibited activities which cannot be transacted within the ring-fence principally include our derivatives business with financial institutions and certain corporates, elements of our short term markets business and our branches in Jersey, Isle of Man and the US. Customers who cannot be served and services which are not permitted within a ring-fenced bank will be transferred to Banco Santander SA, or its London branch.
Customers who cannot be served and services which are not permitted within a ring-fenced bank will be transferred to Banco Santander SA, or its London branch. We intend to use a Part VII Ring-Fence Transfer Scheme to transfer the majority of the prohibited business of the Santander UK group to Banco Santander. We are on track to complete the implementation in advance of the legislative deadline of 1 January 2019, with implementation subject to regulatory and court approvals and various other authorisations.
Information on the development and performance of our business in H117 is set out in the 'Income statement review' section of the Financial review and information on our position at the end of the period is set out in the 'Balance sheet review' section of the Financial review.
We recently announced the appointment of two new Executive Directors. I would like to welcome Antonio Roman, Chief Financial Officer, and Javier San Felix, Head of Retail & Business Banking and Deputy CEO, to the Board of Santander UK.
We expect solid UK economic growth in 2017. However, we see greater uncertainty in the outlook, with the concern that some downside risks could materialise later this year and into 2018. The labour market remains strong, but higher inflation, largely from the lower value of sterling, is now reducing households' real earnings. This is likely to result in lower consumer spending growth which, when combined with a potentially more challenging macro environment, adds a degree of caution to our outlook.
We have therefore deliberately controlled growth in certain business areas and in particular those with higher margins and the potential for higher risk. We believe that our proactive risk management policies and low risk appetite will deliver resilient performance going forward.
Information on our principal risks and uncertainties is set out in the Risk review by type of risk. Except where noted, there has been no significant change to the description of these risks or key mitigating actions as set out in the 2016 Annual Report.
The directors of the Company's parent, Santander UK Group Holdings plc, manage the operations of the Santander UK Group Holdings plc group (which includes the Santander UK plc group) on a business division basis. Key performance indicators are not set, monitored or managed at the Santander UK plc group level. As a result, the Company's Directors believe that analysis using key performance indicators for the Company is not necessary or appropriate for an understanding of the development, performance or position of the Company. The development and performance of the business of the Santander UK plc group is set out in the 'Income statement review' section of the Financial review. The key performance indicators of the Santander UK Group Holdings plc group can be found on page 4 of its 2017 Half Yearly Financial Report, which does not form part of this report.
By Order of the Board
Nathan Bostock Director 13 September 2017
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Financial review
| 5 | Income statement review |
|---|---|
| 5 | Summarised Consolidated Income Statement |
| 6 | Profit before tax by segment |
| 6 | - Retail Banking |
| 8 | - Commercial Banking |
| 10 | - Global Corporate Banking |
| 11 | - Corporate Centre |
| 12 | Balance sheet review |
| 12 | Summarised Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet |
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Income statement Balance sheet review review
| Half year to | Half year to | |
|---|---|---|
| 30 June 2017 | 30 June 2016 | |
| £m | £m | |
| Net interest income | 1,922 | 1,773 |
| Non-interest income(1) | 591 | 671 |
| Total operating income | 2,513 | 2,444 |
| Operating expenses before impairment losses, provisions and charges | (1,215) | (1,205) |
| Impairment losses on loans and advances | (48) | (63) |
| Provisions for other liabilities and charges | (186) | (97) |
| Total operating impairment losses, provisions and charges | (234) | (160) |
| Profit before tax | 1,064 | 1,079 |
| Tax on profit | (323) | (307) |
| Profit after tax for the period | 741 | 772 |
| Attributable to: | ||
| Equity holders of the parent | 730 | 756 |
| Non-controlling interests | 11 | 16 |
(1) Comprised of Net fee and commission income and Net trading and other income.
Profit before tax was down 1%, with higher provisions for other liabilities and charges, offset by steady income growth, continued cost discipline, and good credit quality. By income statement line, the movements were:
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Financial review
This section contains a summary of our results, and commentary thereon, by income statement line item for each segment. The segmental information in this Half Yearly Financial Report reflects the reporting structure in place at the reporting date. For more, see Note 2 to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements.
Retail Banking offers a wide range of products and financial services to individuals and small businesses through a network of branches and ATMs, as well as through telephony, digital and intermediary channels. Retail Banking serves business banking customers, small businesses with an annual turnover of up to £6.5m, and Santander Consumer Finance, predominantly a vehicle finance business. Its main products are residential mortgage loans, savings and current accounts, credit cards and personal loans as well as insurance policies.
| Half year to 30 June 2017 £m |
Half year to 30 June 2016 £m |
|
|---|---|---|
| Net interest income | 1,730 | 1,531 |
| Non-interest income | 314 | 283 |
| Total operating income | 2,044 | 1,814 |
| Operating expenses before impairment losses, provisions and charges | (919) | (922) |
| Impairment losses on loans and advances | (39) | (34) |
| Provisions for other liabilities and charges | (155) | (77) |
| Total operating impairment losses, provisions and charges | (194) | (111) |
| Profit before tax | 931 | 781 |
Profit before tax increased by £150m to £931m in H117 (H116: £781m). By income statement line, the movements were:
| 30 June 2017 | 31 December 2016 | |
|---|---|---|
| £bn | £bn | |
| Customer loans | 168.2 | 168.6 |
| - of which mortgages | 154.1 | 154.3 |
| - of which business banking(1) | 2.0 | 2.3 |
| - of which consumer finance | 6.9 | 6.8 |
| - of which other unsecured lending | 5.2 | 5.2 |
| Risk-weighted assets (RWAs) | 43.9 | 43.6 |
| Customer deposits | 148.7 | 148.1 |
| - of which current accounts | 66.3 | 64.8 |
| - of which savings | 62.3 | 64.7 |
| - of which business banking accounts | 10.5 | 10.0 |
| - of which other retail products | 9.6 | 8.6 |
(1) Following a periodic review in Q117, a number of business banking customers were transferred to Commercial Banking, where their ongoing needs can be better served. The balance associated was c£200m. Prior periods have not been amended.
Business banking deposits increased £0.5bn, as we continue to deepen relationships with our SME customers and focus on growing our lending capabilities.
Retail Banking deposit spread narrowed, with a 30bps improvement to (0.27)% from (0.57)% in December 2016.
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review review
Income statement Balance sheet
| 30 June 2017 £bn |
Half year to 30 June 2016 £bn |
|---|---|
| 12.7 | |
| 0.6 | |
| (0.3) | (0.1) |
| 1.7 | 1.6 |
| 0.1 | 0.3 |
| Half year to 11.6 (0.2) |
(1) Gross and net lending figures exclude any assets purchased or transferred in the period.
We continued to focus our BTL book on non-professional landlords, as this segment is closely aligned with residential mortgages and accounts for the majority of the volume in the BTL market. In H117, we completed 2,728 BTL mortgages, representing 4% of the value of our new business flow, at an average LTV of 62%.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Financial review
Commercial Banking offers a wide range of products and financial services provided by relationship teams that are based in a network of regional Corporate Business Centres (CBCs) and through telephony and digital channels. The management of our customers is organised across two relationship teams - the Regional Corporate Bank (RCB) that covers trading businesses with annual turnover from £6.5m to £500m and Specialist Sector Groups (SSG) that cover real estate, housing finance, education, healthcare, and hotels. Commercial Banking products and services include loans, bank accounts, deposits, treasury services, invoice discounting, cash transmission, trade finance and asset finance.
| Half year to | Half year to | |
|---|---|---|
| 30 June 2017 | 30 June 2016 | |
| £m | £m | |
| Net interest income | 198 | 203 |
| Non-interest income | 44 | 41 |
| Total operating income | 242 | 244 |
| Operating expenses before impairment losses, provisions and charges | (109) | (113) |
| Impairment losses on loans and advances | (3) | (11) |
| Provisions for other liabilities and charges | (29) | - |
| Total operating impairment losses, provisions and charges | (32) | (11) |
| Profit before tax | 101 | 120 |
Profit before tax decreased by £19m to £101m in H117 (H116: £120m). By income statement line, the movements were:
Net interest income decreased 2%, with continued asset margin pressures, partially offset by customer lending growth.
Non-interest income increased 7% to £44m. Growth in asset restructuring fees, up 11%, international, up 13%, and digital and payment, up 10%, was partially offset by lower rates management fees.
Impairment losses on loans and advances were lower at £3m. Overall, the loan book continues to perform well and is supported by our prudent lending policy.
Provisions for other liabilities and charges increased to £29m, mainly due to conduct provisions taken in Q217.
| 30 June 2017 £bn |
31 December 2016 £bn |
|
|---|---|---|
| Customer loans(1) | 19.6 | 19.4 |
| RWAs | 20.1 | 20.4 |
| Customer deposits | 18.1 | 17.2 |
(1) Following a periodic review in Q117, a number of business banking customers were transferred to Commercial Banking, where their ongoing needs can be better served. The balance associated was c£200m. Prior periods have not been amended.
Customer loans were broadly flat at £19.6bn, with solid lending growth to trading business customers, offset by the continued active management of our CRE exposures amid economic uncertainty.
RWAs were lower, driven by the reduction of our CRE exposures.
We continue to attract deposit balances, through our strong customer relationships, supported by a comprehensive product range and competitive pricing.
| Half year to 30 June 2017 |
Half year to 30 June 2016 |
|
|---|---|---|
| New facilities (£bn) | 3.5 | 4.3 |
| Bank account openings (No.) | 1,621 | 1,314 |
| Online banking (Connect) active users (1) (No.) | 28,843 | 26,100 |
(1) Online banking (Connect) active users include both business banking and Commercial Banking customers.
We continue to open bank accounts and extend new facilities, despite a competitive environment and economic uncertainty. Our Relationship Managers are building their portfolios by leveraging our comprehensive suite of products and services.
There was a continuation in the pickup of our corporate banking platform 'Connect', with active users increasing 11% year on year.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Financial review
Global Corporate Banking (GCB) services corporate clients with a turnover of £500m and above per annum and financial institutions. GCB clients require specially tailored solutions and value-added services due to their size, complexity and sophistication. We provide these clients with products to manage currency fluctuations, protect against interest rate risk, and arrange capital markets finance and specialist trade finance solutions, as well as providing support to the rest of Santander UK's business segments.
| Half year to 30 June 2017 |
Half year to 30 June 2016 |
|
|---|---|---|
| £m | £m | |
| Net interest income | 40 | 39 |
| Non-interest income | 206 | 184 |
| Total operating income | 246 | 223 |
| Operating expenses before impairment losses, provisions and charges | (145) | (141) |
| Impairment losses on loans and advances | (9) | (21) |
| Provisions for other liabilities and charges | - | - |
| Total operating provisions and charges | (9) | (21) |
| Profit before tax | 92 | 61 |
Profit before tax increased by £31m to £92m in H117 (H116: £61m). By income statement line, the movements were:
| 30 June 2017 £bn |
31 December 2016 £bn |
|
|---|---|---|
| Customer loans | 6.5 | 5.7 |
| RWAs | 16.4 | 16.9 |
| Customer deposits | 4.4 | 4.1 |
Customer loans increased to £6.5bn, driven by our refinancing and origination activities relating to project and acquisition finance and transactional services, as well as increased client drawdowns.
RWAs were lower, driven by a decrease in counterparty credit and market risk that was partially offset by asset growth. RWAs attributable to customer loans were £8.0bn (2016: £7.5bn).
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Income statement Balance sheet
review review
Corporate Centre predominantly consists of the non-core corporate and treasury legacy portfolios. Corporate Centre is also responsible for managing capital and funding, balance sheet composition, structure and strategic liquidity risk. The non-core corporate and treasury legacy portfolios are being run-down and/or managed for value.
| Half year to 30 June 2017 £m |
Half year to 30 June 2016 £m |
|
|---|---|---|
| Net interest expense | (46) | - |
| Non-interest income | 27 | 163 |
| Total operating (expense)/income | (19) | 163 |
| Operating expenses before impairment losses, provisions and charges | (42) | (29) |
| Impairment releases on loans and advances | 3 | 3 |
| Provisions for other liabilities and charges | (2) | (20) |
| Total operating impairment releases, provisions and charges | 1 | (17) |
| (Loss)/profit before tax | (60) | 117 |
Profit before tax decreased by £177m to a loss of £60m in H117 (H116: £117m profit). By income statement line, the movements were:
Due to the lower interest rate environment, we envisage that net interest income from the structural hedge will continue to decrease as a result of maturing positions being reinvested at lower prevailing rates. The majority of new mortgage flows are left un-hedged to provide stable returns. The average duration of our fixed term new mortgage flows is about 2.5 years, with a total structural hedge position of c£80bn.
| 30 June 2017 £bn |
31 December 2016 £bn |
|
|---|---|---|
| Non-core customer loans | 6.0 | 6.5 |
| - of which Social Housing | 5.1 | 5.4 |
| RWAs | 6.8 | 6.7 |
| Customer deposits | 3.2 | 3.0 |
Non-core customer loans decreased £0.5bn, as we continue to implement our exit strategy from individual loans and leases in the non-core corporate and legacy portfolios.
RWAs were broadly flat with higher counterparty credit risk, partially offset by a reduction in non-core customer loans and the Vocalink Holdings Limited shareholder sale. RWAs attributable to non-core customer loans amounted to £1.1bn (2016: £1.3bn).
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Financial review
| 30 June 2017 | 31 December 2016 | |
|---|---|---|
| £m | £m | |
| Assets | ||
| Cash and balances at central banks | 18,255 | 17,107 |
| Trading assets | 34,423 | 30,035 |
| Derivative financial instruments | 21,611 | 25,471 |
| Financial assets designated at fair value | 2,161 | 2,140 |
| Loans and advances to banks | 4,404 | 4,348 |
| Loans and advances to customers | 199,799 | 199,738 |
| Loans and receivables securities | 1,424 | 257 |
| Available-for-sale securities | 9,574 | 10,561 |
| Held-to-maturity investments | 6,613 | 6,648 |
| Macro hedge of interest rate risk | 914 | 1,098 |
| Interest in other entities | 66 | 61 |
| Property, plant and equipment | 1,508 | 1,491 |
| Retirement benefit assets | 500 | 398 |
| Tax, intangibles and other assets | 3,669 | 3,789 |
| Total assets | 304,921 | 303,142 |
| Liabilities | ||
| Deposits by banks | 11,890 | 9,769 |
| Deposits by customers | 181,189 | 177,172 |
| Trading liabilities | 21,490 | 15,560 |
| Derivative financial instruments | 18,488 | 23,103 |
| Financial liabilities designated at fair value | 2,976 | 2,440 |
| Debt securities in issue | 43,997 | 50,346 |
| Subordinated liabilities | 4,109 | 4,303 |
| Macro hedge of interest rate risk | 281 | 350 |
| Retirement benefit obligations | 220 | 262 |
| Tax, other liabilities and provisions | 3,400 | 3,753 |
| Total liabilities | 288,040 | 287,058 |
| Equity | ||
| Total shareholders' equity | 16,719 | 15,934 |
| Non-controlling interests | 162 | 150 |
| Total equity | 16,881 | 16,084 |
| Total liabilities and equity | 304,921 | 303,142 |
A more detailed consolidated balance sheet is contained in the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements.
Cash and balances at central banks increased by 7% to £18,255m at 30 June 2017 (2016: £17,107m). The increase was mainly due to an increase in balances at central banks.
Trading assets increased by 15% to £34,423m at 30 June 2017 (2016: £30,035m). This is mainly attributable to higher levels of securities purchased under resale agreements and equities offset by decreased holdings of debt securities.
Derivative assets decreased by 15% to £21,611m at 30 June 2017 (2016: £25,471m). The decrease was mainly due to volatility in the fair value of interest rate and cross currency derivative assets principally driven by movements in yield curves and foreign exchange rates.
Loans and advances to customers were broadly flat at £199,799m at 30 June 2017 (2016: £199,738m), mainly driven by an increase in loans to UK companies, partially offset by a decrease in residential mortgages.
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Deposits by customers increased by 2% to £181,189m at 30 June 2017 (2016: £177,172m) as we focused on retaining and originating accounts held by more loyal customers, with continued net positive inflows to 1I2I3 Current Account, everyday bank accounts as well as corporate accounts.
Trading liabilities increased by 38% to £21,490m at 30 June 2017 (2016: £15,560m) mainly as a result of an increase in securities purchased under resale agreements, as part of normal trading activity.
Derivative liabilities decreased by 20% to £18,488m at 30 June 2017 (2016: £23,103m). The decrease was mainly due to volatility in the fair value of interest rate and cross currency derivative liabilities mainly driven by movements in yield curves and foreign exchange rates.
Debt securities in issue decreased by 13% to £43,997m at 30 June 2017 (2016: £50,346m) driven by maturities across the covered bonds, securitisation and Medium Term Notes programmes, partially offset by issuances under the US-SEC registered debt shelf.
Total shareholders' equity increased by 5% to £16,719m at 30 June 2017 (2016: £15,934m). The increase was attributable to the issuance of AT1 capital, the profit for the period, actuarial gains on the defined benefit pension funds and the valuation of available for sale securities, partially offset by dividends approved, valuation of cash flow hedges and own credit adjustments.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Risk review
| 15 | Risk governance |
|---|---|
| 16 | Credit risk |
| 16 | Santander UK group level |
| 17 | Retail Banking |
| 20 | Other segments |
| 24 | Market risk |
| 24 | Trading market risk |
| 24 | Banking market risk |
| 25 | Liquidity risk |
| 28 | Capital risk |
| 30 | Other key risks |
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| Risk governance |
Credit risk | Market risk | Liquidity risk | Capital risk | Other key risks |
As a financial services provider, managing risk is a core part of our day-to-day activities. To be able to manage our business effectively, it is critical that we understand and control risk in everything we do. We aim to use a prudent approach and advanced risk management techniques to help us deliver robust financial performance and build sustainable value for our stakeholders.
We aim to keep a predictable medium-low risk profile, consistent with our business model. This is key to achieving our strategic objectives.
There were no significant changes in our risk governance as described in the 2016 Annual Report.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Risk review
In H117, there were no significant changes in the way we manage credit risk as described in the 2016 Annual Report.
In this section we analyse our credit risk profile and performance. We begin by discussing credit risk at a Santander UK group level and then cover Retail Banking separately from our other segments: Commercial Banking, Global Corporate Banking and Corporate Centre.
| Customer loans | NPLs(1)(2) | NPL ratio | NPL coverage(3) | Gross write-offs(4) | Impairment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £bn | £m | % | % | £m | loss allowances £m |
|
| 30 June 2017 | ||||||
| Retail Banking: | 168.2 | 2,177 | 1.29 | 25 | 106 | 553 |
| – Residential mortgages | 154.1 | 1,936 | 1.26 | 13 | 11 | 251 |
| – Business banking | 2.0 | 121 | 6.05 | 48 | 13 | 58 |
| – Consumer finance | 6.9 | 33 | 0.48 | 239 | 21 | 79 |
| – Other unsecured lending | 5.2 | 87 | 1.67 | 190 | 61 | 165 |
| Commercial Banking | 19.6 | 358 | 1.83 | 57 | 12 | 204 |
| Global Corporate Banking | 6.5 | 80 | 1.23 | 81 | - | 65 |
| Corporate Centre | 6.0 | 26 | 0.43 | 162 | 17 | 42 |
| 200.3 | 2,641 | 1.32 | 33 | 135 | 864 | |
| 31 December 2016 | ||||||
| Retail Banking: | 168.6 | 2,340 | 1.39 | 25(5) | 210 | 583(5) |
| – Residential mortgages | 154.3 | 2,110 | 1.37 | 13 | 33 | 279 |
| – Business banking | 2.3 | 108 | 4.70 | 53 | 24 | 57 |
| – Consumer finance | 6.8 | 32 | 0.47 | 244(5) | 30 | 78(5) |
| – Other unsecured lending | 5.2 | 90 | 1.73 | 188 | 123 | 169 |
| Commercial Banking | 19.4 | 518 | 2.67 | 42 | 10 | 220 |
| Global Corporate Banking | 5.7 | 63 | 1.11 | 90 | - | 57 |
| Corporate Centre | 6.5 | 73 | 1.12 | 84 | 51 | 61 |
| 200.2 | 2,994 | 1.50 | 31(5) | 271 | 921(5) |
(1) We define NPLs in the 'Credit risk management' section in the 2016 Annual Report. (2) All NPLs continue accruing interest.
(3) Impairment loss allowances as a percentage of NPLs. Impairment loss allowances relate to early arrears and performing assets (i.e. the incurred but not observed provision) as well as NPLs, so the ratio can exceed 100%.
(4) 30 June 2017 reflects 6 months of gross write-offs and 31 December 2016 reflects 12 months of gross write-offs. (5) In H117, we reclassified our provisions for residual value and voluntary termination from the consumer finance impairment loss allowance. To facilitate comparison with the current period, the 31 December 2016 consumer finance impairment loss allowance of £146m and NPL coverage ratio of 456% were amended to £78m and 244% respectively. This reclassification was also reflected in the Retail Banking and total impairment loss allowance and NPL coverage ratios.
At 30 June 2017 total corporate lending, comprising business banking, Commercial Banking and Global Corporate Banking, was £28.1bn (2016: £27.4bn). The NPL ratio for corporate lending was 1.99% (2016: 2.51%), the NPL coverage ratio was 58% (2016: 48%), gross write-offs were £25m (2016: £34m) and impairment loss allowances were £327m (2016: £334m).
The NPL ratio improved by 18bps to 1.32% (2016: 1.50%) and continued to perform well, supported by our prudent lending criteria and proactive management actions:
The improvement in the Retail Banking NPL ratio to 1.29% (2016: 1.39%) was driven by the strong credit quality of our portfolio and the ongoing resilience of the UK economy. The loan loss rate remained low at 0.02% (2016: 0.01%).
The NPL ratio for Commercial Banking decreased to 1.83% from 2.67% primarily due to the full repayment of three impaired loans and the write-off of some pre-2009 vintages. The loan loss rate in Commercial Banking improved to 0.10% (2016: 0.15%).
In Global Corporate Banking, the NPL ratio of 1.23% (2016: 1.11%) was impacted by a single loan of £20m that moved to non-performance.
The NPL ratio for the Corporate Centre decreased to 0.43% (2016: 1.12%), reflecting the ongoing sale and run-off of the non-core corporate and legacy portfolios.
For more on the credit performance of our key portfolios by business segment, see the 'Retail Banking – credit risk review' and 'Other segments – credit risk review' sections.
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| Risk governance |
Credit risk | Market risk | Liquidity risk | Capital risk | Other key risks |
In this table, 'home movers' include both existing customers moving house and taking out a new mortgage with us, and customers who switch their mortgage to us when they move house. 'Remortgagers' are external customers who are remortgaging with us. We have not included internal remortgages, further advances and any flexible mortgage drawdowns in the new business figures.
| Stock | New business | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 June 2017 | 31 December 2016 | Half year to 30 June 2017 | Half year to 30 June 2016 | |||||
| £m | % | £m | % | £m | % | £m | % | |
| First-time buyers | 28,812 | 19 | 29,143 | 19 | 1,840 | 17 | 1,970 | 16 |
| Home movers | 68,214 | 44 | 68,158 | 44 | 4,954 | 45 | 5,487 | 45 |
| Remortgagers | 50,190 | 33 | 50,325 | 33 | 3,673 | 34 | 3,361 | 28 |
| Buy-to-let | 6,923 | 4 | 6,648 | 4 | 447 | 4 | 1,268 | 11 |
| 154,139 | 100 | 154,274 | 100 | 10,914 | 100 | 12,086 | 100 |
Mortgage lending balances decreased £135m, reflecting management pricing actions in late 2016 that impacted new mortgage completions in H117. We retained c. 75% of mortgages reaching the end of their incentive period.
We continued to focus our buy-to-let book on non-professional landlords, as this segment is closely aligned with residential mortgages and accounts for the majority of the volume in the buy-to-let market. In H117, we completed 2,728 buy-to-let mortgages, representing 4% of the value of our new business flow, at an average LTV of 62%.
In addition to the new business included in the table above, there were £11.6bn (H116: £9.1bn) of internal remortgages where we kept existing customers on new mortgages. We also provided £0.7bn (H116: £0.6bn) of further advances and flexible mortgage drawdowns.
The interest rate profile of our mortgage asset stock was:
| 30 June 2017 31 December 2016 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £m | % | £m | % | ||
| Fixed rate | 96,132 | 62 | 91,817 | 59 | |
| Variable rate | 31,714 | 21 | 33,627 | 22 | |
| Standard Variable Rate (SVR) | 26,293 | 17 | 28,830 | 19 | |
| 154,139 | 100 | 154,274 | 100 |
30 June 2017 compared to 31 December 2016
The SVR attrition of £2,537m in H117 was lower than the £3,464m in H116.
The Santander UK new business data in these tables cover H117 compared with FY16. The Council of Mortgage Lenders (CML) new business data for H117 covers the three months ended 31 March 2017. The percentages are calculated on a value-weighted basis.
| UK region | 30 June 2017 31 December 2016 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Santander UK | CML | Santander UK | CML | ||||
| Stock | New business | New business | Stock | New business | New business | ||
| % | % | % | % | % | % | ||
| London | 24 | 25 | 18 | 24 | 27 | 18 | |
| Midlands and East Anglia | 13 | 14 | 17 | 13 | 13 | 17 | |
| North | 15 | 12 | 17 | 15 | 12 | 17 | |
| Northern Ireland | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Scotland | 4 | 4 | 6 | 5 | 3 | 7 | |
| South East excluding London | 31 | 34 | 29 | 30 | 34 | 28 | |
| South West, Wales and other | 11 | 10 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 12 | |
| 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
The average loan size for new business was broadly in line with 2016, at £198,000 (FY16: £198,000) for the UK overall, £263,000 (FY16: £264,000) for the South East including London and £146,000 (2016: £144,000) for the rest of the UK. The loan-to-income multiple of mortgage lending in H117 also increased slightly to 3.18 (FY16: 3.16).
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Risk review
Loan-to-value analysis
This table shows the LTV distribution for new business and mortgage asset stock. We used our estimate of the property's value at the balance sheet date. We have included fees added to the loan in the calculation. If the product is on flexible terms, the calculation only includes the drawn loan amount, not undrawn limits.
| LTV | 30 June 2017 | 31 December 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New business | Stock | New business | Stock | |
| % | % | % | % | |
| Up to 50% | 18 | 46 | 17 | 46 |
| >50–75% | 43 | 41 | 43 | 41 |
| >75–85% | 19 | 8 | 23 | 8 |
| >85–100% | 20 | 4 | 17 | 4 |
| >100% | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Simple average(1) LTV (indexed) | 63 | 43 | 65 | 43 |
| (1) Unweighted average of LTV of all accounts. |
In H117 the proportion of lending with an LTV of over 85% increased to 20% (2016: 17%) mainly due to the lower proportion of buy-to-let new business typically written at lower LTVs. At 30 June 2017, the parts of the loans in negative equity which were effectively uncollateralised before taking account of impairment loss allowances reduced to £259m (2016: £285m).
| 30 June 2017 £m |
31 December 2016 £m |
|
|---|---|---|
| Mortgage loans and advances to customers of which: | 154,139 | 154,274 |
| Performing(1) | 151,039 | 150,895 |
| Early arrears: | 1,164 | 1,269 |
| – 31 to 60 days | 721 | 793 |
| – 61 to 90 days | 443 | 476 |
| NPLs: (2)(3) | 1,936 | 2,110 |
| – By arrears | 1,464 | 1,578 |
| – By bankruptcy | 17 | 21 |
| – By maturity default | 296 | 316 |
| – By forbearance | 127 | 160 |
| – By properties in possession (PIPs) | 32 | 35 |
| (1) Excludes mortgages where the customer did not pay for between 31 and 90 days, arrears, bankruptcy, maturity default, forbearance and PIPs NPLs. Includes £2,745m of mortgages (2016: £2,959m) where the customer |
did not pay for 30 days or less.
(2) We define NPLs in the 'Credit risk management' section of the 2016 Annual Report. (3) All NPLs are in the UK and continue accruing interest.
The balances at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016, analysed by their payment status at the period-end and the forbearance we applied, were:
| Capitalisation | Term extension | Interest-only | Total | Impairment loss allowances |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| 30 June 2017 | |||||
| In arrears | 266 | 71 | 187 | 524 | 21 |
| Performing | 424 | 208 | 453 | 1,085 | 6 |
| 690 | 279 | 640 | 1,609 | 27 | |
| Proportion of portfolio | 0.4% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 1.0% | |
| 31 December 2016 | |||||
| In arrears | 293 | 78 | 226 | 597 | 24 |
| Performing | 466 | 222 | 481 | 1,169 | 7 |
| 759 | 300 | 707 | 1,766 | 31 | |
| Proportion of portfolio | 0.5% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 1.1% |
(1) We base forbearance type on the first forbearance on the accounts. Tables only show accounts that were open at the period-end.
At 30 June 2017, the total stock of forbearance reduced by 9% as a result of a continued improvement in arrears performance and favourable market conditions.
At 30 June 2017, there were £4.8bn (2016: £5.1bn) of other mortgages on the balance sheet that we have modified since January 2008. We agreed these modifications in order to maintain a good relationship with the customer. The customers were not showing any signs of financial difficulty at the time, so did not classify these changes as forbearance.
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| Risk |
governance Credit risk Market risk Liquidity risk Capital risk Other key risks
For a description of the types of mortgage that have higher risk or stand out for different reasons, see the 'Credit risk' section of the Risk review of the 2016 Annual Report.
| Portfolio of particular interest(1) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Interest-only | Part interest-only, part repayment |
Flexible(2) | LTV >100% | Buy-to-let | Other portfolio(3) |
||
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | ||
| 30 June 2017 | ||||||||
| Mortgage portfolio | 154,139 | 40,174 | 14,160 | 15,851 | 1,690 | 6,923 | 92,834 | |
| Performing | 151,039 | 38,771 | 13,734 | 15,504 | 1,500 | 6,891 | 91,820 | |
| Early arrears: | ||||||||
| – 31 to 60 days | 721 | 320 | 96 | 56 | 26 | 8 | 295 | |
| – 61 to 90 days | 443 | 202 | 59 | 41 | 20 | 6 | 177 | |
| NPLs | 1,936 | 881 | 271 | 250 | 144 | 18 | 542 | |
| NPL ratio | 1.26% | 2.19% | 1.91% | 1.58% | 8.52% | 0.26% | 0.58% | |
| PIPs | 32 | 17 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 1 | 7 | |
| 31 December 2016 | ||||||||
| Mortgage portfolio | 154,274 | 41,707 | 14,535 | 16,853 | 1,873 | 6,648 | 90,570 | |
| Performing | 150,895 | 40,185 | 14,066 | 16,472 | 1,661 | 6,621 | 89,483 | |
| Early arrears: | ||||||||
| – 31 to 60 days | 793 | 360 | 111 | 71 | 33 | 7 | 314 | |
| – 61 to 90 days | 476 | 224 | 70 | 45 | 22 | 2 | 191 | |
| NPLs | 2,110 | 938 | 288 | 265 | 157 | 18 | 582 | |
| NPL ratio | 1.37% | 2.25% | 1.98% | 1.57% | 8.38% | 0.27% | 0.64% | |
| PIPs | 35 | 15 | 7 | 4 | 13 | 1 | 9 |
(1) Where a loan falls into more than one category, we have included it in all the categories that apply. As a result, the sum of the mortgages in the segments of particular interest and the other portfolio does not agree to the total mortgage portfolio.
(2) Includes legacy Alliance & Leicester flexible loans that work in a more limited way than our current Flexi loan product. (3) Includes other loans that are not in any segment of particular interest.
In H117, the value and proportion of interest-only loans together with part interest-only, part repayment loans reduced, reflecting our strategy to manage down the overall exposure to this lending profile. In addition the value and proportion of flexible mortgages also reduced as they are no longer offered on new mortgages.
The forbearance started in H117 was £161m (H116: £192m), which is in line with the overall reduction seen in flows into forbearance in H117. We keep the performance and profile of the accounts under review.
In H117 business banking lending reduced slightly to £2.0bn (2016: £2.3bn), mainly due to the transfer of a number of business banking customers (associated balances of £0.2bn) to Commercial Banking, where their ongoing needs can be better served. This followed a periodic review in H117 and the year-end position has not been amended. The reduction contributed to an increase in the NPL ratio to 6.05% (2016: 4.70%).
Consumer finance and other unsecured lending balances were broadly flat at £6.9bn (2016: £6.8bn) and £5.2bn (2016: £5.2bn) respectively, in part as a result of controlled management actions in an increasingly competitive environment. The NPL ratios for consumer finance and other unsecured lending balances were 0.48% (2016: 0.47%) and 1.67% (2016: 1.73%) respectively. In H117, we reclassified our provisions for residual value and voluntary termination from the consumer finance impairment loss allowance. The 31 December 2016 consumer finance impairment loss allowance of £146m and NPL coverage ratio of 456% were amended to £78m and 244% respectively.
At 30 June 2017 forbearance across business banking, consumer finance and other unsecured lending increased by 6% to £179m (2016: £169m).
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Risk review
These tables show our credit risk exposure according to our internal rating scale (see 'Credit quality' in the 'Santander UK group level – credit risk review' section of the 2016 Annual Report) for each portfolio. On this scale, the higher the rating, the better the quality of the counterparty.
| 9 (AAA to AA-) |
8 (A+ to A) |
7 (A- to BBB+) |
6 (BBB to BBB-) |
5 (BB+ to BB-) |
4 (B+ to B) |
1 to 3 (B- to D) |
Other(1) | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| 30 June 2017 | |||||||||
| Commercial Banking | 1,301 | 1,782 | 492 | 9,254 | 6,862 | 3,800 | 594 | 87 | 24,172 |
| Global Corporate Banking | 1,968 | 6,092 | 10,203 | 9,906 | 4,824 | 70 | 66 | - | 33,129 |
| Corporate Centre | 36,389 | 3,607 | 1,059 | 452 | 194 | 63 | 21 | 451 | 42,236 |
| 31 December 2016 | |||||||||
| Commercial Banking | 1,377 | 1,611 | 861 | 8,678 | 6,973 | 3,640 | 651 | 131 | 23,922 |
| Global Corporate Banking | 1,668 | 9,016 | 9,237 | 10,090 | 4,345 | 56 | 75 | 1 | 34,488 |
| Corporate Centre | 39,386 | 4,638 | 1,519 | 583 | 215 | 69 | 63 | 480 | 46,953 |
(1) Consists of smaller exposures mainly in the commercial mortgage portfolio. We use scorecards for them, instead of a rating model.
We classify geographical location according to country of risk – in other words, the country where each counterparty has its main business activity or assets unless there is a full risk transfer guarantee in place, in which case we use the guarantor's country of domicile instead. If our clients have operations in many countries, we use their country of incorporation.
| UK £m |
Peripheral eurozone £m |
Rest of Europe £m |
US £m |
Rest of World £m |
Total £m |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 June 2017 Commercial Banking Global Corporate Banking Corporate Centre |
24,053 22,108 31,718 |
24 2,190 12 |
93 5,007 2,899 |
1 1,032 5,145 |
1 2,792 2,462 |
24,172 33,129 42,236 |
| 31 December 2016 Commercial Banking Global Corporate Banking Corporate Centre |
23,782 22,407 36,173 |
18 2,374 5 |
65 4,254 3,105 |
57 1,248 4,933 |
- 4,205 2,737 |
23,922 34,488 46,953 |
Commercial Banking
In H117, our committed exposures increased, with increased demand from medium sized corporate customers partially offset by active management of Commercial Real Estate exposures amid economic uncertainty:
In H117, our committed exposures decreased, with growth in our Large Corporate portfolio more than offset by reductions in our Sovereign and Supranational and Financial Institutions portfolios:
In H117, committed exposures decreased to £42.2bn (2016: £47.0bn), driven by our Sovereign and Supranational portfolio. Exposures in our Sovereign and Supranational portfolio are mainly cash at central banks and highly-rated liquid assets we hold as part of normal liquid asset portfolio management. The decrease in the overall exposure to £30.0bn (2016: £34.5bn) was driven by a reduction in UK deposits.
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| Risk |
governance Credit risk Market risk Liquidity risk Capital risk Other key risks
We monitor exposures that show potentially higher risk characteristics using our Watchlist process (described in 'Risk monitoring' in the 'Credit risk management' section of the 2016 Annual Report). The table below shows the exposures we monitor, and those we classify as non-performing by portfolio at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016:
| Committed exposure | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Watchlist | Observed | |||||
| Performing | Enhanced Monitoring |
Proactive Management |
Non-performing exposure(1) |
Total(2) | impairment loss allowances |
|
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| 30 June 2017 | ||||||
| Commercial Banking | 22,215 | 1,077 | 509 | 371 | 24,172 | 165 |
| Global Corporate Banking | 31,775 | 1,209 | 59 | 86 | 33,129 | 41 |
| Corporate Centre | 42,174 | 23 | 13 | 26 | 42,236 | 16 |
| Total observed impairment loss allowances | 222 | |||||
| Allowance for IBNO(3) | 89 | |||||
| Total impairment loss allowances | 311 | |||||
| 31 December 2016 | ||||||
| Commercial Banking | 21,810 | 1,192 | 380 | 540 | 23,922 | 183 |
| Global Corporate Banking | 33,486 | 861 | 72 | 69 | 34,488 | 33 |
| Corporate Centre | 46,687 | 184 | 9 | 73 | 46,953 | 31 |
| Total observed impairment loss allowances | 247 | |||||
| Allowance for IBNO(3) | 91 | |||||
| Total impairment loss allowances | 338 |
(1) Non-performing exposure includes committed facilities and derivative exposures.
(2) Includes committed facilities and derivatives. We define 'Enhanced Monitoring' and 'Proactive Management' in the 'Risk monitoring' section of the 2016 Annual Report.
(3) Allowance for IBNO losses as described in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the 2016 Annual Report.
In our SME and mid corporate portfolio, exposures subject to enhanced monitoring reduced to £712m (2016: £892m), whilst exposures subject to proactive management increased to £425m (2016: £331m), primarily driven by the addition of a large trading customer. Non-performing exposures reduced to £286m (2016: £361m) due to successful exits on two larger cases.
In our Commercial Real Estate portfolio, exposures subject to enhanced monitoring increased to £257m (2016: £161m) primarily due to our prudent policy for facilities approaching maturity where refinance is being finalised and exposures subject to proactive management increased to £84m (2016: £49m). Non-performing exposures reduced to £85m (2016: £179m) primarily driven by the full repayment of a loan of £50m that moved to non-performance in 2016. The portfolio remains well covered with an NPL coverage ratio of 63% and low write-offs of £7m.
In our Social Housing portfolio, exposures subject to enhanced monitoring reduced to £108m (2016: £139m).
In our Large Corporate portfolio, exposures subject to enhanced monitoring remained stable at £656m (2016: £659m). Exposures subject to proactive management decreased to £58m (2016: £70m). Non-performing exposures increased to £86m (2016: £69m) due to the movement of a single exposure to non-performing.
In our Financial Institutions portfolio, exposures subject to enhanced monitoring increased to £553m (2016: £202m) due to the redrawing of a secured loan transaction by an existing Watchlist customer. This loan is over-collateralised with high quality assets and is puttable on a quarterly basis.
In our Legacy Portfolios in run-off portfolio, non-performing exposures reduced to £26m (2016: £73m) driven by the sale of a shipping asset.
In our Social Housing portfolio, there were no exposures subject to enhanced monitoring (2016: £164m) due to the resolution of governance issues that had impacted two customers.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Risk review
We only make forbearance arrangements for lending to customers.
| Commercial Banking |
Global Corporate Banking |
Corporate Centre |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| £m | £m | £m | |
| 30 June 2017 | |||
| Stock(1) | |||
| – Term extension | 131 | 58 | - |
| – Interest-only | 145 | - | 17 |
| – Other payment rescheduling | 146 | 10 | 14 |
| 422 | 68 | 31 | |
| Of which: | |||
| – Non-performing | 281 | 60 | 14 |
| – Performing | 141 | 8 | 17 |
| 422 | 68 | 31 | |
| Proportion of portfolio | 1.7% | 0.2% | 2.8% |
| 31 December 2016 | |||
| Stock(1) | |||
| – Term extension | 168 | 11 | 1 |
| – Interest-only | 158 | - | 20 |
| – Other payment rescheduling | 208 | 10 | 16 |
| 534 | 21 | 37 | |
| Of which: | |||
| – Non-performing | 344 | 10 | 15 |
| – Performing | 190 | 11 | 22 |
| 534 | 21 | 37 | |
| Proportion of portfolio | 2.2% | 0.1% | 2.7% |
(1) We base forbearance type on the first forbearance we applied. Tables only show accounts open at the period end.
Commercial Banking
At 30 June 2017, the cumulative forbearance stock reduced to £422m (2016: £534m). This decrease was mainly due to the successful resolution of NPL cases in the period and one performing case exiting forbearance according to defined criteria.
The accounts in forbearance as a percentage of the portfolio reduced to 1.7% (2016: 2.2%). At 30 June 2017, 78% (2016: 78%) of the cumulative forbearance stock had entered forbearance before default.
At 30 June 2017, there were three forborne cases totalling £68m (2016: two cases totalling £21m), of which £60m (2016: £10m) was classified as NPL. This increase in forbearance was driven from one deal that was classified as NPL in 2016.
At 30 June 2017 and 2016, we had only made forbearance arrangements for the Legacy Portfolios in run-off.
At 30 June 2017, the cumulative forbearance stock in our Legacy Portfolios in run-off decreased slightly to £31m (2016: £37m).
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| Risk |
governance Credit risk Market risk Liquidity risk Capital risk Other key risks
The table below shows the main Commercial Real Estate credit performance metrics at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016:
| Customer loans(1) | NPLs(2) | NPL ratio | NPL coverage(3) | Gross write-offs | Impairment loss allowances |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £bn | £m | % | % | £m | £m | |
| 30 June 2017 | 8.7 | 92 | 1.06 | 63 | 7 | 58 |
| 31 December 2016 | 9.0 | 180 | 2.00 | 32 | 1 | 58 |
(1) Comprises commercial real estate drawn loans in the business banking portfolio of our Retail Banking segment of £284m (2016: £365m) and in the Commercial Real Estate portfolio of our Commercial Banking segment of £8,457m (2016: £8,678m).
(2) All NPLs continue accruing interest.
(3) Impairment loss allowances as a percentage of NPLs. Impairment loss allowances relate to early arrears and performing assets (i.e. the IBNO provision) as well as NPLs, so the ratio can exceed 100%.
At 30 June 2017, our NPL ratio was 1.06% (2016: 2.00%) reflecting our conservative credit risk policy. The reduction in the ratio was driven by the full repayment of a £50m loan that had moved to non-performance in 2016, alongside other repayments and the write off of some smaller pre-2009 vintage cases. Commercial Real Estate loans written before 2009 totalled £468m (2016: £543m). The pre-2009 loans were written on market terms which, compared with more recent times and following a significant tightening in our lending criteria, included higher original LTVs, lower interest coverage and exposure to development risk.
The tables below show LTVs (based on the drawn balance and our latest estimate of the property's current value) at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016:
| Loans and advances to customers | 30 June 2017 | 31 December 2016 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £m | % | £m | % | ||
| <=70% | 7,702 | 88 | 7,886 | 88 | |
| >70–100% | 89 | 1 | 194 | 2 | |
| >100% i.e. negative equity | 41 | - | 88 | 1 | |
| Standardised portfolio(1) | 687 | 8 | 652 | 7 | |
| Total with collateral | 8,519 | 97 | 8,820 | 98 | |
| Development loans | 222 | 3 | 223 | 2 | |
| 8,741 | 100 | 9,043 | 100 |
The table below shows the sector analysis of the portfolio at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016:
| Sector | 30 June 2017 | 31 December 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| £m | % | £m | % | |
| Office | 2,164 | 25 | 2,359 | 26 |
| Retail | 1,668 | 19 | 1,739 | 19 |
| Industrial | 1,276 | 15 | 1,274 | 14 |
| Residential | 1,012 | 11 | 1,016 | 11 |
| Mixed use | 1,196 | 14 | 1,184 | 13 |
| Student accommodation | 216 | 2 | 224 | 3 |
| Hotels and leisure | 353 | 4 | 389 | 5 |
| Other | 169 | 2 | 206 | 2 |
| Standardised portfolio(1) | 687 | 8 | 652 | 7 |
| 8,741 | 100 | 9,043 | 100 |
(1) Consists of smaller value transactions, mainly commercial mortgages.
The Commercial Real Estate portfolio of £8,741m (2016: £9,043m) is well diversified across sectors, with no significant regional or single name concentration, representing 31% (2016: 33%) of our total lending to corporates and 4% (2016: 4%) of total customer loans. At 30 June 2017, the LTV profile of the portfolio remained conservative with £7,702m (2016: £7,886m) of the non-standardised portfolio assets at or below 70% LTV. Loans with development risk were only 3% (2016: 2%) of the total Commercial Real Estate portfolio. Development lending is typically on a non-speculative basis with significant pre-lets in place and/or presales in place.
In H117, no new business was written above 70% LTV (H116: nil), and 83% (H116: 96%) was written at or below 60% LTV. At 30 June 2017, the average LTV of the non-standardised portfolio, weighted by exposure, was 49% (2016: 50%). The weighted average LTV of new deals, which excludes the standardised portfolio, in H117 was 50% (2016: 48%). The average loan balance at 30 June 2017 remains at £4.8m (2016: £4.8m).
For Commercial Real Estate loans approaching maturity, we look at the prospects of refinancing the loan on current market terms and applicable credit policy. Where this seems unlikely we put the case on our Watchlist. At 30 June 2017, Commercial Real Estate loans of £1,340m (2016: £1,408m) were due to mature within 12 months. Of these, £51m, i.e. 4% (2016: £161m, i.e. 11%), had an LTV ratio higher than is acceptable under our current credit policy. At 30 June 2017, all of this (2016: £149m) had been put on our Watchlist or recorded as NPL and had an impairment loss allowance of £24m (2016: £31m).
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Risk review
In H117, there were no significant changes in the way we manage market risk as described in the 2016 Annual Report.
In this section we analyse our key trading and banking market risk metrics.
NIM sensitivity to +50bps was £241m and to -50bps was £(114)m (2016: £240m and £(82) m)
Economic Value of Equity (EVE) sensitivity to +50bps was £159m and to -50bps was £(270) m (2016: £54m and £(30)m)
This table shows our Internal VaR for exposure to each of the main classes of risk at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016. The VaR figures show how much the fair values of all our tradeable instruments could have changed. Since trading instruments are recorded at fair value, these are also the amounts by which they could have increased or reduced our net income.
| Trading instruments | Period-end exposure | Average exposure | Highest exposure | Lowest exposure | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 June | 31 December | 30 June | 31 December | 30 June | 31 December | 30 June | 31 December | |
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| Interest rate risks(1) | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 1.7 |
| Equity risks(2) | 0.4 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 2.0 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.6 |
| Credit (spread) risks(3) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Foreign exchange risks | 0.2 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 2.2 | - | 0.1 |
| Correlation offsets(4) | (0.7) | (2.3) | (1.2) | (2.0) | - | - | - | - |
| Total correlated one-day VaR | 3.3 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 1.7 |
(1) This measures the effect of changes in interest rates and how volatile they are. The effects are on cash instruments, securities and derivatives. This includes swap spread risk (the difference between swap rates and government bond rates), basis risk (changes in interest rate tenor basis) and inflation risk (changes in inflation rates).
(2) This measures the effect of changes in equity prices, volatility and dividends on stock and derivatives.
(3) This measures the effect of changes in the credit spread of corporate bonds and credit derivatives.
(4) The highest and lowest exposures for each risk type did not necessarily happen on the same day as the highest and lowest total correlated one-day VaR. It is impossible to calculate a corresponding correlation offset effect, so we have not included it in the table.
The table below shows how our base case income and valuation would be affected by a 50 basis point parallel shift (both upwards and downwards) applied instantaneously to the yield curve at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016.
| 30 June 2017 | 31 December 2016 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| +50bps | -50bps | +50bps | -50bps | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| NIM sensitivity | 241 | (114) | 240 | (82) |
| EVE sensitivity | 159 | (270) | 54 | (30) |
There was no significant change in the underlying risk position in H117. The movement in NIM and EVE sensitivities in H117 was largely due to changes in our underlying models used for risk measurement purposes. The models have been updated to better reflect the risks inherent in the current low interest rate environment, including the possibility of negative interest rates in the UK.
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| Risk governance |
Credit risk | Market risk | Liquidity risk | Capital risk | Other key risks |
Liquidity risk management Liquidity risk review - LCR was 133% (2016: 139%) In H117, there were no significant changes in the way we manage liquidity risk as described in the 2016 Annual Report.
In this section we analyse our Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) and our wholesale funding profile. We also provide details on asset encumbrance.
This table shows our LCR, and Liquidity Risk Appetite (LRA) reflecting the stress testing methodology in place at that time.
| LCR | LRA(1) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 June | 31 December | 30 June | 31 December | |
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | |
| Eligible liquidity pool (liquidity value) | 48.5 | 50.1 | 44.4 | 45.2 |
| Net stress outflows | (36.5) | (36.0) | (27.4) | (27.3) |
| Surplus | 12.0 | 14.1 | 17.0 | 17.9 |
| Eligible liquidity pool as a percentage of anticipated net cash flows | 133% | 139% | 162% | 166% |
(1) The LRA is a two-month Santander UK specific requirement.
At 30 June 2017, the value of the assets in our LCR eligible liquidity pool was £50.1bn (2016: £50.7bn) on a carrying value and £48.5bn (2016: £50.1bn) on a liquidity value.
Our LCR was 133% (2016: 139%), reflecting prudent liquidity planning, partially offset by the EU adoption of Regulatory Technical Standards for assessing additional collateral outflows on derivative contracts. Our LCR eligible liquidity pool significantly exceeded wholesale funding of less than one year, with a coverage ratio of 269% at 30 June 2017 (2016: 237%).
Our Retail Banking and Commercial Banking activities are mostly funded by customer deposits. The rest is funded through wholesale markets.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Risk review
This table shows our main sources of wholesale funding. It does not include securities financing repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements. The table is based on exchange rates at issue and scheduled repayments. It does not reflect the final contractual maturity of the funding.
| <=1 month | >1 and | >3 and | >6 and | >9 and | Sub-total | >1 and | >2 and | >5 years | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <=3 months | <= 6 months | <=9 months | <=12 months | <=1 year | <=2 years | <=5 years | ||||
| £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | |
| 30 June 2017 | ||||||||||
| Downstreamed from Santander UK Group Holdings plc to Santander UK plc(1) | ||||||||||
| Senior unsecured – public benchmark | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.8 | 1.5 | 5.3 |
| – privately placed | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Subordinated liabilities and equity (inc. AT1) | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 3.1 |
| - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.5 | 4.9 | 3.1 | 8.5 | |
| Other Santander UK plc | ||||||||||
| Deposits by banks | - | 0.1 | 0.2 | - | - | 0.3 | - | - | - | 0.3 |
| Senior unsecured – public benchmark | - | 0.9 | - | 0.8 | - | 1.7 | 3.7 | 4.8 | 1.4 | 11.6 |
| – privately placed | - | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.6 | - | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 2.8 |
| Covered bonds | - | - | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 3.3 | - | 7.8 | 3.3 | 14.4 |
| Securitisation and structured issuance(2) | 1.4 | - | 0.9 | - | 0.4 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 1.0 | - | 5.0 |
| Term Funding Scheme | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7.5 | - | 7.5 |
| Subordinated liabilities | - | - | - | 0.1 | - | 0.1 | 0.1 | - | 2.4 | 2.6 |
| 1.4 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 9.3 | 6.0 | 21.6 | 7.3 | 44.2 | |
| Other group entities | ||||||||||
| Deposits by banks | 0.7 | 0.4 | - | - | - | 1.1 | - | - | - | 1.1 |
| Certificates of deposit and commercial paper | 2.2 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 7.6 | - | - | - | 7.6 |
| Senior unsecured – privately placed | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.0 |
| Securitisation and structured issuance(3) | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.3 | - | 1.6 |
| 3.0 | 3.5 | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 9.3 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 11.3 | |
| Total at 30 June 2017 | 4.4 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 3.1 | 1.7 | 18.6 | 7.3 | 27.3 | 10.8 | 64.0 |
| Of which: – secured | 1.5 | 0.1 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 6.6 | 2.0 | 16.6 | 3.3 | 28.5 |
| – unsecured | 2.9 | 4.8 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 12.0 | 5.3 | 10.7 | 7.5 | 35.5 |
| Total at 31 December 2016 | 6.5 | 4.6 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 3.1 | 21.4 | 7.0 | 24.0 | 12.8 | 65.2 |
| Of which: – secured | 2.1 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 1.6 | 2.5 | 8.9 | 4.0 | 11.7 | 4.7 | 29.3 |
| – unsecured | 4.4 | 4.0 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 12.5 | 3.0 | 12.3 | 8.1 | 35.9 |
(1) Currently all our senior debt issued out of Santander UK Group Holdings plc is downstreamed into Santander UK plc on an equivalent rankings basis (e.g. senior unsecured is downstreamed as senior unsecured, subordinated capital instruments are downstreamed as subordinated capital instruments, etc.). However, under the end-state MREL / TLAC regime, senior unsecured debt issued out of Santander UK Group Holdings plc will be downstreamed in a form that is subordinated to senior unsecured debt, but senior to subordinated capital instruments issued out of Santander UK plc. (2) This includes funding from mortgage-backed securitisation vehicles where Santander UK plc is the asset originator.
(3) This includes funding from asset-backed securitisation vehicles where entities other than Santander UK plc are the asset originator.
In H117, our external term issuance (sterling equivalent) was:
| Sterling | US Dollar | Euro | Other | Total H117 | Total H116 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | £bn | |
| Downstreamed from Santander UK Group Holdings plc to Santander UK plc | ||||||
| Senior unsecured – public benchmark | - | 0.8 | 0.4 | - | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| – privately placed | - | - | - | 0.1 | 0.1 | - |
| Subordinated debt and equity (including AT1 issuance) | 0.5 | - | - | - | 0.5 | - |
| 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 1.2 | |
| Other Santander UK plc | ||||||
| Securitisations | - | - | - | - | - | 0.6 |
| Covered bonds | 1.0 | - | - | - | 1.0 | - |
| Term Funding Scheme | 3.0 | - | - | - | 3.0 | - |
| 4.0 | - | - | - | 4.0 | 0.6 | |
| Other group entities | ||||||
| Securitisations | - | - | - | - | - | 0.5 |
| Covered bonds | - | - | - | - | - | 0.8 |
| Senior unsecured – public benchmark | - | - | - | - | - | 1.4 |
| – privately placed | 0.1 | - | - | - | 0.1 | 1.0 |
| 0.1 | - | - | - | 0.1 | 3.7 | |
| Total gross issuances | 4.6 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 5.9 | 5.5 |
H117 presented a positive market environment for issuance despite the continuing backdrop of global geo-political tensions and other political issues causing intermittent volatility. Any concerns around events such as the French and UK elections and Brexit negotiations were quickly shrugged off by the market. Equities proved resilient and remained high, the Bank of England and the European Central Bank kept their broader monetary policy unchanged and we continued to see robust performance of credit markets across the capital structure. In April 2017 we took advantage of the strong market appetite for higher risk products and issued £500m of Perpetual Capital Securities to our immediate parent.
In H117, our total term funding was £5.9bn (H116: £5.5bn), of which £2.4bn (H116: £5.5bn) was medium-term issuance, and maturities were £6.3bn (H116: £5.5bn). We drew down a further £3.0bn from the Term Funding Scheme in the period, with a total drawdown outstanding of £7.5bn (2016: £4.5bn). At 30 June 2017 the total drawdowns of UK Treasury Bills under the Funding for Lending Scheme remained at £3.2bn (2016: £3.2bn). At 30 June 2017, 71% (2016: 67%) of wholesale funding had a maturity over one year, with an overall residual duration of 42 months (2016: 41 months).
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| Risk |
governance Credit risk Market risk Liquidity risk Capital risk Other key risks
We have issued prime retail mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securitised products to a diverse investor base through our mortgage-backed and other asset-backed funding programmes. For more on this, see Notes 11 and 19 to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements.
We have raised funding with mortgage-backed notes, both issued to third parties and retained (the latter being central bank eligible collateral for funding purposes in other Bank of England facilities), and other asset-backed notes. We also have a covered bond programme. Under this, we issue securities to investors secured by a pool of residential mortgages.
Our level of encumbrance from external and internal issuance of securitisations and covered bonds decreased in H117 as planned. This reflected greater maturities than new issues in the period. We expect our overall level of encumbrance to continue to decrease in H217.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Risk review
In H117, there were no significant changes in the way we manage capital risk as described in the 2016 Annual Report.
The scope of our capital adequacy We set out below a brief update on emerging regulation.
Capital risk review
We then analyse our capital resources and key capital ratios.
CET1 capital ratio was 12.1% (2016: 11.6%)
Total capital resources were £ 17.1bn (2016: £16.2bn)
In March 2017, the Bank of England confirmed Santander UK's non-binding Minimum Requirements for Eligible Liabilities (MREL). The indicative requirements (excluding any CET1 combined buffer requirements) equate to 6% of leverage exposures from 1 January 2019, 20.9% of RWAs from 1 January 2020 and 25.9% of RWAs from 1 January 2022.
These requirements are in line with our expectations, and may change at the end of the transitional period. We plan to meet the MREL largely through the issuance of senior unsecured debt from our holding company. This debt will then be downstreamed to the operating company in a compliant form. We have made good progress, with £5.6bn of senior unsecured debt issued from our holding company to date (H117: £1.3bn).
In June 2017, the FPC increased the UK countercyclical capital buffer from 0% to 0.5%, with binding effect from 27 June 2018. The FPC also expects to increase the buffer to 1% at its meeting in November 2017, with a 12 month implementation period absent any material change in the macroeconomic outlook.
The tables below are consistent with our regulatory filings for 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016. Our key capital ratios were:
| 30 June 2017 | 31 December 2016 | |
|---|---|---|
| % | % | |
| CET1 capital ratio | 12.1 | 11.6 |
| AT1 | 2.3 | 1.8 |
| Grandfathered Tier 1 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Tier 2 | 4.3 | 4.3 |
| Total capital ratio | 19.6 | 18.5 |
The total subordination available to Santander UK plc bondholders was 19.6% (2016: 18.5%) of RWAs.
We complied with the PRA's capital adequacy rules throughout H117 and FY16.
The CET1 capital ratio of 12.1% (2016: 11.6%) improved by 50bps in H117, with stable profit and lower RWAs, which fell by £0.4bn to £87.2bn (2016: £87.6bn). The UK leverage ratio increased by 30bps to 4.4% (2016: 4.1%), with higher CET1 capital and the issuance of £500m of Perpetual Capital Securities that were priced in March 2017 with the transaction settling in April 2017.
Our total capital ratio increased to 19.6% at 30 June 2017 (2016: 18.5%), which also reflected the impact of higher CET1 capital and the Perpetual Capital Securities issuance. These were partially offset by the transitional reduction in the recognition of Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital instruments issued by Santander UK plc under the CRD IV Minority Interest rules, which are being phased in at 20% increments over a five year period.
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| Risk |
governance Credit risk Market risk Liquidity risk Capital risk Other key risks
The table below is consistent with our regulatory filings for 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016. We manage our capital on a CRD IV basis. During H117 and FY16, we held capital over and above our regulatory requirements, and managed internal capital allocations and targets in accordance with our capital and risk management policies.
This table provides an analysis of our regulatory capital.
| 30 June 2017 | 31 December 2016 |
|---|---|
| £m | £m |
| CET1 capital before regulatory adjustments 14,586 |
14,285 |
| Total regulatory adjustments to CET1 (3,999) |
(4,084) |
| CET1 capital 10,587 |
10,201 |
| AT1 capital 2,744 |
2,271 |
| Tier 1 capital 13,331 |
12,472 |
| Tier 2 capital 3,741 |
3,772 |
| Total regulatory capital 17,072 |
16,244 |
Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Risk review
| Overview | Key metrics | |
|---|---|---|
| Other key risks In H117, there were no significant changes in the way we manage and monitor other key risks, as described in the 2016 Annual Report, except as set out below. |
In this section, we discuss pension risk, conduct risk, operational risk and financial crime risk. |
- Pension Deficit at Risk was £1,460m (2016: £1,688m) - PPI provision was £405m (2016: £457m) |
| - Operational risk losses were £40m in H117 (H116: £40m) |
The funding Deficit at Risk decreased to £1,460m (2016: £1,688m). In H117 the Scheme implemented additional equity hedging as a part of a review of the corporate trustee investment strategy.
At 30 June 2017, the interest rate hedging ratio on a funding basis was 55% (2016: 56%) and on an accounting basis was 70% (2016: 72%). The inflation rate hedging ratio of the Scheme on a funding basis was 61% (2016: 62%) and on an accounting basis was 93% (2016: 94%).
We continue to focus on achieving the right balance between risk and reward. In H117, overall asset returns were marginally positive. Our long-term objective is to reduce the risk of the Scheme and eliminate the deficit on a funding valuation basis.
The 31 March 2016 triennial funding valuation was concluded in early 2017. Santander UK plc has committed to continue to fund the Scheme at the current rate with the recovery plan extended for a further three years. In addition Santander UK plc has committed to make contingent contributions if the investment performance is lower than expected.
During H117, the accounting surplus of the Scheme and other funded arrangements increased to £319m (2016: £175m). In addition, there were unfunded defined benefit scheme liabilities of £39m at 30 June 2017 (2016: £39m). The improvement in the overall position was due to a decrease in liabilities caused mainly by a fall in implied inflation which reduced the value of future pension payments, together with ongoing deficit contributions and positive asset performance. This was partially offset by a fall in corporate bond yields, reducing the rate used to discount future pension obligations.
For more on our pension obligations, including the current asset allocation, see Note 16 to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements.
On an ongoing basis, our conduct risk dashboards provide a granular view of how our products and services are performing for customers. They continue to help senior management oversee and measure conduct risk across the business and to take action where necessary.
Our business units continue to assess the potential customer, client and market impacts of structural reform as part of our ring-fencing programme.
Risk
The remaining provision for PPI redress and related costs amounted to £405m (2016: £457m). In Q117, we made an additional provision of £32m relating to the final FCA rules and guidance published in March 2017. We also provided a net charge of £37m in Q217, following a review of claims handling procedures in relation to a specific PPI portfolio including the impact of a past business review.
governance Credit risk Market risk Liquidity risk Capital risk Other key risks
In line with our assumptions, monthly utilisation increased from the 2016 average following the confirmation of a deadline for customer complaints. We will continue to monitor our provision levels in respect of recent claims experience.
The remaining non-PPI related conduct provisions amounted to £51m including an additional provision of £35m in Q217, relating to the sale of interest rate derivatives. This charge follows an ongoing review regarding regulatory classification of certain customers eligible for redress.
For more on our provision for conduct remediation, including sensitivities, see Note 15 to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements. We explain more about these sensitivities in 'Critical accounting policies and areas of significant management judgement' in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report.
Operational losses In H117 operational losses for reportable events with an impact greater than £10,000, and excluding conduct risk events, totalled £40m (H116: £40m). Losses relating to 'Execution, delivery, and process management' include historic systems functionality and process issues. Consistent with industry experience, we continued to see a high volume of low value events in the 'External fraud' category which primarily related to card and online payment fraud.
We have made a number of operational risk enhancements as part of a final year of investment to embed the programme into business as usual. Our focus in H217 is to demonstrate effective operational risk management to the regulators.
In H117, in common with other large UK financial institutions and other organisations, we continued to be subject to cyber-attacks but have suffered no significant events. We are continually improving our systems, processes, controls and staff training to reduce cyber risk and to help protect our customers, systems and information. Our Cyber Resilience Programme operates with a layered defence approach, continually evolving and adapting to cyber threats.
We have increased our resources and are leveraging connections with Banco Santander's Cyber Security Operations Centre. Together with our world-class data centres, this provides us with a solid foundation to enable our digital transformation and support future growth within an environment of improved cyber resilience and with a reduction in legacy technology issues. For more on this, see the case study on cyber security in the 'Risk review' section within the 2016 Annual Report.
We are very sympathetic to customers who are victims of fraud and welcome all initiatives by the industry and the media to help raise awareness of this important issue. We invest substantial resources to protect customers and in trying to prevent fraud. Our dedicated fraud experts work to identify, prevent and detect scams, warn and notify customers, and use robust technology in our customer protection systems. We continually invest in the fight to counter increasingly sophisticated scams, we run an ongoing customer education campaign and we offer tips and advice on our online security centre - www.santander.co.uk/securitycentre. Our efforts are successful in preventing the vast majority of fraud and protecting customers' money.
In H117, we continued to implement our Financial Crime Transformation Programme and to address the requirements of new regulation, including the fourth money laundering directive. This was specifically around the following:
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Financial statements
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Financial statements
For the half year to 30 June 2017 and the half year to 30 June 2016
| Half year to | Half year to | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 30 June 2017 | 30 June 2016 | ||
| Notes | £m | £m | |
| Interest and similar income | 2,977 | 3,301 | |
| Interest expense and similar charges | (1,055) | (1,528) | |
| Net interest income | 1,922 | 1,773 | |
| Fee and commission income | 609 | 578 | |
| Fee and commission expense | (200) | (197) | |
| Net fee and commission income | 409 | 381 | |
| Net trading and other income | 3 | 182 | 290 |
| Total operating income | 2,513 | 2,444 | |
| Operating expenses before impairment losses, provisions and charges | 4 | (1,215) | (1,205) |
| Impairment losses on loans and advances | 5 | (48) | (63) |
| Provisions for other liabilities and charges | 5 | (186) | (97) |
| Total operating impairment losses, provisions and charges | (234) | (160) | |
| Profit before tax | 1,064 | 1,079 | |
| Tax on profit | 6 | (323) | (307) |
| Profit after tax for the period | 741 | 772 | |
| Attributable to: | |||
| Equity holders of the parent | 730 | 756 | |
| Non-controlling interests | 11 | 16 |
For the half year to 30 June 2017 and the half year to 30 June 2016
| Half year to 30 June 2017 |
Half year to 30 June 2016 |
|
|---|---|---|
| £m | £m | |
| Profit for the period | 741 | 772 |
| Other comprehensive income: | ||
| Other comprehensive income that may be reclassified to profit or loss subsequently: | ||
| Available-for-sale securities: | ||
| - Change in fair value | 72 | (3) |
| - Income statement transfers | (48) | (115) |
| - Taxation | (5) | 17 |
| 19 | (101) | |
| Cash flow hedges: | ||
| - Effective portion of changes in fair value | (48) | 3,761 |
| - Income statement transfers | (124) | (2,994) |
| - Taxation | 48 | (205) |
| (124) | 562 | |
| Currency translation on foreign operations | - | (3) |
| Net other comprehensive income that may be reclassified to profit or loss subsequently | (105) | 458 |
| Other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified to profit or loss subsequently: | ||
| Pension remeasurement | 79 | (489) |
| Taxation | (20) | 126 |
| 59 | (363) | |
| Own credit adjustment: | ||
| - Transfers | (23) | - |
| - Taxation | 6 | - |
| (17) | - | |
| Net other comprehensive income that will not be reclassified to profit or loss subsequently | 42 | (363) |
| Total other comprehensive income for the period net of tax | (63) | 95 |
| Total comprehensive income for the period | 678 | 867 |
| Attributable to: | ||
| Equity holders of the parent | 666 | 856 |
| Non-controlling interests | 12 | 11 |
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Primary financial statements
Notes to the financial statements
At 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016
| Assets Cash and balances at central banks 18,255 17,107 Trading assets 8 34,423 30,035 Derivative financial instruments 9 21,611 25,471 Financial assets designated at fair value 2,161 2,140 Loans and advances to banks 4,404 4,348 Loans and advances to customers 10 199,799 199,738 Loans and receivables securities 1,424 257 Available-for-sale securities 9,574 10,561 Held-to-maturity investments 6,613 6,648 Macro hedge of interest rate risk 914 1,098 Interests in other entities 12 66 61 Intangible assets 2,334 2,316 Property, plant and equipment 1,508 1,491 Retirement benefit assets 16 500 398 Other assets 1,335 1,473 Total assets 304,921 303,142 Liabilities Deposits by banks 11,890 9,769 Deposits by customers 181,189 177,172 Trading liabilities 13 21,490 15,560 Derivative financial instruments 9 18,488 23,103 Financial liabilities designated at fair value 2,976 2,440 Debt securities in issue 14 43,997 50,346 Subordinated liabilities 4,109 4,303 Macro hedge of interest rate risk 281 350 Other liabilities 2,590 2,871 Provisions 15 595 700 Current tax liabilities 72 54 Deferred tax liabilities 143 128 Retirement benefit obligations 220 262 Total liabilities 288,040 287,058 Equity Share capital and other equity instruments 18 5,400 4,904 Share premium 5,620 5,620 Retained earnings 5,280 4,886 Other reserves 419 524 Total shareholders' equity 16,719 15,934 Non-controlling interests 162 150 Total equity 16,881 16,084 Total liabilities and equity 304,921 303,142 |
Notes | 30 June 2017 £m |
31 December 2016 £m |
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Financial statements
For the half year to 30 June 2017 and the half year to 30 June 2016
| Half year to | Half year to | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Notes | 30 June 2017 £m |
30 June 2016 £m |
|
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||
| Profit for the period | 741 | 772 | |
| Adjustments for: | |||
| Non-cash items included in profit | 678 | (31) | |
| Change in operating assets | (1,445) | (15,075) | |
| Change in operating liabilities | 5,442 | 14,099 | |
| Corporation taxes paid | (233) | (165) | |
| Effects of exchange rate differences | (132) | 2,211 | |
| Net cash flows from operating activities | 5,051 | 1,811 | |
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||
| Purchase of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets | (217) | (128) | |
| Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets | 24 | 44 | |
| Purchase of available-for-sale securities | (419) | (1,664) | |
| Proceeds from sale and redemption of available-for-sale securities | 1,186 | 1,634 | |
| Net cash flows from investing activities | 574 | (114) | |
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||
| Issue of AT1 capital securities | 18 | 500 | - |
| Issuance costs of AT1 capital securities | (4) | - | |
| Issue of debt securities | 2,237 | 4,585 | |
| Issuance costs of debt securities | (9) | (9) | |
| Repayment of debt securities | (6,418) | (5,082) | |
| Repurchase of other equity instruments | - | (7) | |
| Dividends paid on ordinary shares | 7 | (276) | (102) |
| Dividends paid on other equity instruments | 7 | (80) | (73) |
| Net cash flows from financing activities | (4,050) | (688) | |
| Change in cash and cash equivalents | 1,575 | 1,009 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period | 25,705 | 20,351 | |
| Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (254) | 994 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period | 27,026 | 22,354 | |
| Cash and cash equivalents consist of: | |||
| 30 June 2017 | 30 June 2016 | ||
| £m | £m | ||
| Cash and balances at central banks | 18,255 | 14,862 | |
| Less: regulatory minimum cash balances | (380) | (344) | |
| 17,875 | 14,518 | ||
| Net trading other cash equivalents | 6,775 | 5,440 | |
| Net non-trading other cash equivalents | 2,376 | 2,396 |
Cash and cash equivalents 27,026 22,354
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Primary financial statements
Notes to the financial statements
For the half year to 30 June 2017 and the half year to 30 June 2016
| Share capital & | Other reserves | Non | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| other equity | Share | Available-for | Cash flow | Currency | Retained | controlling | ||||
| Notes | instruments £m |
premium £m |
sale £m |
hedging £m |
translation £m |
earnings £m |
Total £m |
interests £m |
Total £m |
|
| 1 January 2017 | 4,904 | 5,620 | 48 | 471 | 5 | 4,886(1) | 15,934 | 150 | 16,084 | |
| Profit for the period | - | - | - | - | - | 730 | 730 | 11 | 741 | |
| Other comprehensive income, net of tax: | ||||||||||
| - Available-for-sale securities | - | - | 19 | - | - | - | 19 | - | 19 | |
| - Cash flow hedges | - | - | - | (124) | - | - | (124) | - | (124) | |
| - Pension remeasurement | 16 | - | - | - | - | - | 58 | 58 | 1 | 59 |
| - Own credit adjustment | - | - | - | - | - | (17) | (17) | - | (17) | |
| Total comprehensive income for the period | - | - | 19 | (124) | - | 771 | 666 | 12 | 678 | |
| Issue of AT1 capital securities | 18 | 496 | - | - | - | - | - | 496 | - | 496 |
| Dividends on ordinary shares | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | (323) | (323) | - | (323) |
| Dividends on other equity instruments | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | (80) | (80) | - | (80) |
| Tax on other equity instruments | 18 | - | - | - | - | - | 26 | 26 | - | 26 |
| 30 June 2017 | 5,400 | 5,620 | 67 | 347 | 5 | 5,280 | 16,719 | 162 | 16,881 | |
| 1 January 2016 | 4,911 | 5,620 | 52 | 254 | 8 | 4,679 | 15,524 | 135 | 15,659 | |
| Profit for the period | - | - | - | - | - | 756 | 756 | 16 | 772 | |
| Other comprehensive income, net of tax: | ||||||||||
| - Available-for-sale securities | - | - | (101) | - | - | - | (101) | - | (101) | |
| - Cash flow hedges | - | - | - | 562 | - | - | 562 | - | 562 | |
| - Pension remeasurement | 16 | - | - | - | - | - | (358) | (358) | (5) | (363) |
| - Currency translation on foreign operations | - | - | - | - | (3) | - | (3) | - | (3) | |
| Total comprehensive income for the period | - | - | (101) | 562 | (3) | 398 | 856 | 11 | 867 | |
| Repurchase of other equity instruments | 18 | (7) | - | - | - | - | - | (7) | - | (7) |
| Dividends on ordinary shares | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | (317) | (317) | - | (317) |
| Dividends on other equity instruments | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | (73) | (73) | - | (73) |
| Tax on other equity instruments | 18 | - | - | - | - | - | 15 | 15 | - | 15 |
| 30 June 2016 | 4,904 | 5,620 | (49) | 816 | 5 | 4,702 | 15,998 | 146 | 16,144 |
(1) The impact of the early adoption of IFRS 9 requirements for the presentation of gains and losses on such financial liabilities relating to own credit in other comprehensive income as described in Note 1, was £18m (net of tax).
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Financial statements
The financial information in these Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements does not constitute statutory accounts as defined in section 434 of the UK Companies Act 2006. Statutory accounts for the year ended 31 December 2016 have been delivered to the Registrar of Companies. The auditor's report on those accounts was unqualified, did not draw attention to any matters by way of emphasis and did not contain a statement under section 498(2) of the UK Companies Act 2006.
The Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with International Accounting Standard (IAS) 34 'Interim Financial Reporting', as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and adopted by the European Union, and the Disclosure Guidance and Transparency Rules of the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). They do not include all the information and disclosures normally required for full annual financial statements and should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Santander UK group for the year ended 31 December 2016 which were prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union. Those Consolidated Financial Statements were also prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the IASB including interpretations issued by the IFRS Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) of the IASB (together IFRS). The Santander UK group has also complied with its legal obligation to comply with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the European Union as there are no applicable differences between the two frameworks for the periods presented.
In preparing the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements management makes judgements, estimates and assumptions which impact the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Because of the inherent uncertainty in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may differ. Management continually evaluates the judgements, estimates and assumptions applied, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
Except as noted below, the same accounting policies, presentation and methods of computation are followed in these Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements as were applied in the presentation of the Santander UK group's 2016 Annual Report. Copies of the Santander UK group's 2016 Annual Report are available on the Santander UK group's website or upon request from Investor Relations, Santander UK plc, 2 Triton Square, Regent's Place, London NW1 3AN.
The Santander UK group designates certain financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss where they contain embedded derivatives or where associated derivatives used to economically hedge the risk are held at fair value. Following the endorsement of IFRS 9 'Financial Instruments' by the EU in December 2016, the Santander UK group has elected to early apply from 1 January 2017 the requirements for the presentation of gains and losses on such financial liabilities relating to own credit in other comprehensive income without applying the other requirements in IFRS 9. The own credit component of the cumulative fair value adjustment on financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss as at 1 January 2017 was £18m (net of tax) and is included in opening retained earnings. Comparatives have not been restated.
Except as noted below, there have been no other significant changes arising from new or revised standards and interpretations, and amendments thereto, which have been issued but which are not yet effective for the Santander UK group as were set out in the 2016 Annual Report.
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments – In the 2016 Annual Report, Santander UK provided detailed descriptions and explanations on how key IFRS 9 concepts will be implemented and included details of our proposed approaches for classification and measurement of financial assets and liabilities and hedge accounting and, in respect of the expected credit loss (ECL) methodology, proposed modelling techniques, judgements, and proposals for the incorporation of forward-looking information and the determination of a significant increase in credit risk.
Santander UK continues to make progress on developing and testing our ECL impairment models across the range of in-scope portfolios and formalising the governance framework to support the new operating model. A parallel-run will take place during H217 to provide assurances on the accuracy and completeness of the modelling process, whilst we implement the new operating model to ensure we can meet our range of disclosures relating to IFRS 9. We are also finalising the determination of the classification and measurement of financial assets. We expect to continue to apply IAS 39 hedge accounting until such time as further changes for macro hedge accounting rules are applicable.
It is not yet practicable to quantify the effect of IFRS 9 on these Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements. Santander UK group expects to quantify the effect of IFRS 9 during H217 and by no later than the end of the year.
IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers – In the 2016 Annual Report, Santander UK explained that revenue relating to lease contracts, insurance contracts and financial instruments is outside the scope of IFRS 15. In addition, a significant proportion of the recognition of Santander UK group's fee and commission income that is within the scope of the standard is not expected to change. Whilst the standard is not expected to have a significant impact on the Santander UK group's profitability, the impact of the standard is still being assessed. It is not yet practicable to quantify the effect of IFRS 15 on these Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements.
After making enquiries, the Directors have a reasonable expectation that the Santander UK group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for at least twelve months from the date that the balance sheet is signed. Having reassessed the principal risks and uncertainties, the Directors consider it appropriate to adopt the 'going concern' basis of accounting in preparing the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements.
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Primary financial statements
Notes to the financial statements
The preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and judgements that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements and the reported amount of income and expenses during the reporting period. Management evaluates its estimates and judgements on an ongoing basis. Management bases its estimates and judgements on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
There have been no significant changes in the basis upon which estimates have been determined compared to that applied in the 2016 Annual Report.
The Santander UK group's business is managed and reported on the basis of the following segments: Retail Banking, Commercial Banking, Global Corporate Banking and Corporate Centre. The Santander UK group's segments are strategic business units that offer different products and services. They are managed separately because each business requires different technology and marketing strategies. There has been no change to the descriptions of these segments and segmental accounting as set out in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report.
| Retail Banking |
Commercial Banking |
Global Corporate Banking |
Corporate Centre |
Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Half year to 30 June 2017 | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
| Net interest income/(expense) | 1,730 | 198 | 40 | (46) | 1,922 |
| Non-interest income(1) | 314 | 44 | 206 | 27 | 591 |
| Total operating income/(expense) | 2,044 | 242 | 246 | (19) | 2,513 |
| Operating expenses before impairment losses, provisions and charges | (919) | (109) | (145) | (42) | (1,215) |
| Impairment (losses)/releases on loans and advances | (39) | (3) | (9) | 3 | (48) |
| Provisions for other liabilities and charges | (155) | (29) | - | (2) | (186) |
| Total operating impairment (losses)/releases, provisions and charges | (194) | (32) | (9) | 1 | (234) |
| Profit/(loss) before tax | 931 | 101 | 92 | (60) | 1,064 |
| Revenue from external customers | 2,272 | 318 | 279 | (356) | 2,513 |
| Inter-segment revenue | (228) | (76) | (33) | 337 | - |
| Total operating income | 2,044 | 242 | 246 | (19) | 2,513 |
| Total assets(2) | 175,246 | 19,570 | 45,827 | 64,278 | 304,921 |
| Total liabilities | 150,394 | 18,074 | 39,234 | 80,338 | 288,040 |
| Half year to 30 June 2016(3) | |||||
| Net interest income | 1,531 | 203 | 39 | - | 1,773 |
| Non-interest income(1) | 283 | 41 | 184 | 163 | 671 |
| Total operating income | 1,814 | 244 | 223 | 163 | 2,444 |
| Operating expenses before impairment losses, provisions and charges | (922) | (113) | (141) | (29) | (1,205) |
| Impairment (losses)/releases on loans and advances | (34) | (11) | (21) | 3 | (63) |
| Provisions for other liabilities and charges | (77) | - | - | (20) | (97) |
| Total operating impairment losses, provisions and charges | (111) | (11) | (21) | (17) | (160) |
| Profit before tax | 781 | 120 | 61 | 117 | 1,079 |
| Revenue from external customers | 2,173 | 313 | 254 | (296) | 2,444 |
| Inter-segment revenue | (359) | (69) | (31) | 459 | - |
| Total operating income | 1,814 | 244 | 223 | 163 | 2,444 |
| 31 December 2016 | |||||
| Total assets(2) | 175,731 | 19,381 | 39,777 | 68,253 | 303,142 |
| Total liabilities | 149,793 | 17,203 | 36,506 | 83,556 | 287,058 |
| (1) Comprised of Net fee and commission income and Net trading and other income. |
(2) Includes customer loans, net of impairment loss allowances.
(3) Restated on the same basis as described in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Financial statements
| Half year to 30 June 2017 £m |
Half year to 30 June 2016 £m |
|
|---|---|---|
| Net trading and other income | 182 | 290 |
'Net trading and other income' includes the gain of £48m sterling equivalent in respect of the sale of the Vocalink shares. Santander UK was part of the consortium of banks that sold Vocalink Holdings Limited to Mastercard. Santander UK's stake in Vocalink Holdings Limited was 7.75%. Under the terms of the sale agreement, Santander UK will retain a shareholding of 0.775% for at least three years. In H116, 'Net trading and other income' included the gain of £119m sterling equivalent in respect of the sale of Visa shares.
In May 2016, as part of a liability management exercise, certain debt instruments were purchased pursuant to a tender offer. This had no significant impact on the income statement.
| Half year to 30 June 2017 £m |
Half year to 30 June 2016 £m |
|
|---|---|---|
| Staff costs | 566 | 545 |
| Other administration expenses | 493 | 522 |
| Depreciation, amortisation and impairment | 156 | 138 |
| 1,215 | 1,205 |
| Half year to | Half year to | |
|---|---|---|
| 30 June 2017 | 30 June 2016 | |
| £m | £m | |
| Impairment losses on loans and advances to customers | 76 | 108 |
| Recoveries of loans and advances, net of collection costs (Note 10) | (28) | (45) |
| 48 | 63 | |
| Provisions for other liabilities and charges (Note 15) | 181 | 97 |
| Provisions for residual value and voluntary termination | 5 | - |
| 186 | 97 | |
| 234 | 160 |
There were no impairment losses on loans and advances to banks, loans and receivables securities, available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity investments.
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Primary financial statements
Notes to the financial statements
The tax on profit before tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the basic corporation tax rate of the Company as follows:
| Half year to 30 June 2017 £m |
Half year to 30 June 2016 £m |
|
|---|---|---|
| Profit before tax | 1,064 | 1,079 |
| Tax calculated at a tax rate of 19.25% (H116: 20%) | 205 | 216 |
| Bank surcharge on profits | 77 | 77 |
| Net disallowable items and non-taxable income | 33 | 8 |
| Non-deductible UK Bank Levy | 18 | 17 |
| Effect of change in tax rate on deferred tax provision | - | (1) |
| Adjustment to prior period provisions | (10) | (10) |
| Tax charge | 323 | 307 |
Interim period corporation tax is accrued based on the estimated average annual effective corporation tax rate for the year of 30.4% (2016: 28.5%). The standard rate of UK corporation tax was 27.25% for banking entities and 19.25% for non-banking entities (2016: 28% for banking entities and 20% for nonbanking entities) following the introduction of an 8% surcharge to be applied to banking companies from 1 January 2016. Taxation for other jurisdictions is calculated at the rates prevailing in the relevant jurisdictions. The Finance (No.2) Act 2015, introduced reductions in the corporation tax rate from 20% to 19% in 2017 and 18% by 2020. Finance Act 2016, which was substantively enacted on 6 September 2016, introduced a further reduction in the standard rate of corporation tax rate to 17% from 2020. The effects of the changes in tax rates are included in the deferred tax balances at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016.
Dividends of £276m (H116: £102m) were paid on the Company's ordinary shares in issue during the period. An interim dividend of £323m was declared on 26 June 2017 on the Company's ordinary shares in issue.
| Half year to 30 June 2017 £m |
Half year to 30 June 2016 £m |
|
|---|---|---|
| £300m fixed/floating rate non-cumulative callable preference shares | 1 | 1 |
| £300m Step-up Callable Perpetual Reserve Capital Instruments | 17 | 17 |
| AT1 securities: | ||
| - £500m Perpetual Capital Securities | 7 | - |
| - £750m Perpetual Capital Securities | 28 | 28 |
| - £300m Perpetual Capital Securities | 11 | 12 |
| - £500m Perpetual Capital Securities | 16 | 15 |
| 80 | 73 |
| 30 June 2017 £m |
31 December 2016 £m |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Loans and advances to banks | - securities purchased under resale agreements | 1,580 | 2,757 |
| - other(1) | 4,502 | 4,721 | |
| Loans and advances to customers | - securities purchased under resale agreements | 14,315 | 7,955 |
| - other(1) | 1,768 | 2,368 | |
| Debt securities | 4,507 | 6,248 | |
| Equity securities | 7,751 | 5,986 | |
| 34,423 | 30,035 | ||
(1) Total 'other' comprises short-term loans of £1,279m (2016: £920m) and cash collateral of £4,991m (2016: £6,169m).
A significant portion of the debt and equity securities are held in our eligible liquidity pool. They comprise mainly of government bonds and quoted stocks.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Financial statements
| 30 June 2017 | 31 December 2016 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fair value | Fair value | |||||
| Notional amount | Assets | Liabilities | Notional amount | Assets | Liabilities | |
| Derivatives held for trading | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m |
| Exchange rate contracts | 146,818 | 2,983 | 4,955 | 165,521 | 3,664 | 6,022 |
| Interest rate contracts | 969,928 | 11,883 | 11,379 | 942,798 | 14,117 | 14,341 |
| Equity and credit contracts | 18,287 | 1,179 | 543 | 15,325 | 1,321 | 860 |
| Total derivatives held for trading | 1,135,033 | 16,045 | 16,877 | 1,123,644 | 19,102 | 21,223 |
| Derivatives held for hedging | ||||||
| Derivatives designated as fair value hedges: | ||||||
| Exchange rate contracts | 2,693 | 471 | - | 3,819 | 751 | - |
| Interest rate contracts | 57,882 | 1,321 | 1,499 | 70,849 | 1,578 | 1,790 |
| Equity derivative contracts | 81 | - | 3 | 74 | 4 | - |
| 60,656 | 1,792 | 1,502 | 74,742 | 2,333 | 1,790 | |
| Derivatives designated as cash flow hedges: | ||||||
| Exchange rate contracts | 23,894 | 3,639 | 8 | 23,786 | 3,907 | 8 |
| Interest rate contracts | 12,909 | 124 | 101 | 12,683 | 120 | 82 |
| Equity derivative contracts | 29 | 11 | - | 24 | 9 | - |
| 36,832 | 3,774 | 109 | 36,493 | 4,036 | 90 | |
| Total derivatives held for hedging | 97,488 | 5,566 | 1,611 | 111,235 | 6,369 | 1,880 |
| Total derivatives | 1,232,521 | 21,611 | 18,488 | 1,234,879 | 25,471 | 23,103 |
| 30 June 2017 £m |
31 December 2016 £m |
|
|---|---|---|
| Loans and advances to customers | 199,559 | 199,610 |
| Amounts due from fellow Banco Santander subsidiaries and joint ventures | 1,172 | 1,112 |
| Amounts due from Santander UK Group Holdings plc | 7 | 5 |
| Loans and advances to customers | 200,738 | 200,727 |
| Less: impairment loss allowances | (864) | (921) |
| Less: residual value and voluntary termination provisions(1) | (75) | (68) |
| Net loans and advances to customers | 199,799 | 199,738 |
(1) In H117, we reclassified our provisions for residual value and voluntary termination classified within the Finance lease impairment loss allowances category. In order to facilitate comparison with the current period, prior year comparatives were amended.
Movement in impairment loss allowances:
| Loans secured on residential property £m |
Corporate loans £m |
Finance leases £m |
Other unsecured advances £m |
Total £m |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| At 1 January 2017 | 279 | 382 | 45 | 215 | 921 |
| (Release)/charge to the income statement | (18) | 12 | 17 | 65 | 76 |
| Write-offs and other items(2) | (10) | (38) | (16) | (69) | (133) |
| At 30 June 2017 | 251 | 356 | 46 | 211 | 864 |
| At 1 January 2016 | 424 | 395 | 20 | 269 | 1,108 |
| (Release)/charge to the income statement | (54) | 35 | 3 | 124 | 108 |
| Write-offs and other items(2) | (16) | (15) | (15) | (115) | (161) |
| At 30 June 2016 | 354 | 415 | 8 | 278 | 1,055 |
(2) Mortgage write-offs exclude the effect of the unwind over time of the discounting in estimating losses, as described in the accounting policy 'Impairment of financial assets' in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report. Mortgage write-offs including this effect were £11m (H116: £18m).
| Loans secured on residential property £m |
Corporate loans £m |
Finance leases £m |
Other unsecured advances £m |
Total £m |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30 June 2017 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 21 | 28 |
| 30 June 2016 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 40 | 45 |
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Primary financial statements
Notes to the financial statements
The gross assets securitised at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016 under the structures described below were:
| 30 June 2017 £m |
31 December 2016 £m |
|
|---|---|---|
| Master Trust Structures: | ||
| - Holmes | 4,947 | 5,560 |
| - Fosse | 6,499 | 7,182 |
| - Langton | 4,595 | 5,211 |
| Other securitisation structures: | ||
| - Motor | 851 | 1,117 |
| - Auto ABS UK Loans | 1,112 | 1,260 |
| 18,004 | 20,330 |
In H117, there were no issuances (H116: £1.2bn) from Holmes Master Issuer plc. Mortgage-backed notes totalling £0.7bn (H116: £2.9bn) equivalent were redeemed during the period.
In H117 and H116 there were no issuances from Fosse Master Issuer plc. Mortgage-backed notes totalling £0.7bn (H116: £0.8bn) equivalent were redeemed during the period.
In H117 and H116 there were no issuances from any of the Langton issuing companies. No mortgage-backed notes (H116: £1.9bn) were redeemed during the period.
Motor
In H117 and H116 there were no issuances from the Motor securitisation structures. Asset-backed notes totalling £0.2bn (H116: £0.3bn) equivalent were redeemed during the period.
In H117, £0.5bn of asset-backed notes (H116: £0.5bn) were issued from Auto ABS UK Loans. Additionally, £0.7bn of asset-backed notes (H116: £0.4bn) were redeemed during the period.
In H117, there were issuances of £1.0bn (H116: £0.8bn) from the covered bond programme. Mortgage-backed notes totalling £1.8bn (H116: £nil) equivalent were redeemed during the period.
The Santander UK group has interests in subsidiaries, associates, joint ventures and unconsolidated structured entities, as set out in Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report. The unconsolidated structured entities include Abbey National Capital Trust I and Abbey National Capital LP I, which are 100% owned finance subsidiaries (as defined in Regulation S-X under the US Securities Act 1933, as amended) of Santander UK plc. On 7 February 2000, Abbey National Capital Trust I issued US\$1bn of 8.963% Non-cumulative Trust Preferred Securities, which have been registered under the US Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Abbey National Capital Trust I serves solely as a passive vehicle holding the partnership preferred securities issued by Abbey National Capital LP I and each has passed all the rights relating to such partnership preferred securities to the holders of trust preferred securities issued by Abbey National Capital Trust I. All of the trust preferred securities and the partnership preferred securities have been fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a subordinated basis by Santander UK plc. The terms of the securities do not include any significant restrictions on the ability of Santander UK plc to obtain funds, by dividend or loan, from any subsidiary.
| 30 June 2017 | 31 December 2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| £m | £m | ||
| Deposits by banks: | - securities sold under repurchase agreements | 676 | 780 |
| - other(1) | 2,969 | 3,420 | |
| Deposits by customers: | - securities sold under repurchase agreements | 13,928 | 8,018 |
| - other(1) | 407 | 541 | |
| Short positions in securities and unsettled trades | 3,510 | 2,801 | |
| 21,490 | 15,560 | ||
| (1) Comprises cash collateral of £3,371m (2016: £3,535m) and short-term deposits of £5m (2016: £426m). |
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Financial statements
| 30 June 2017 £m |
31 December 2016 £m |
|
|---|---|---|
| Medium-term notes | 18,175 | 20,995 |
| Covered bond programme | 15,961 | 16,628 |
| Certificates of deposit | 4,401 | 5,217 |
| Securitisation programmes | 5,460 | 7,506 |
| 43,997 | 50,346 |
| Conduct remediation | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PPI | Wealth and Investment | Other products | Regulatory-related | Vacant property | Other | Total | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| At 1 January 2017 | 457 | 22 | 14 | 96 | 47 | 64 | 700 |
| Additional provisions | 69 | - | 35 | 2 | 6 | 69 | 181 |
| Used during the period | (121) | (27) | (2) | (53) | (5) | (87) | (295) |
| Transfers | - | 9 | - | - | - | - | 9 |
| At 30 June 2017 | 405 | 4 | 47 | 45 | 48 | 46 | 595 |
| At 1 January 2016 | 465 | 146 | 26 | 93 | 68 | 72 | 870 |
| Additional provisions | - | - | - | 36 | 1 | 60 | 97 |
| Used during the period | (61) | (34) | (10) | (47) | (7) | (60) | (219) |
| At 30 June 2016 | 404 | 112 | 16 | 82 | 62 | 72 | 748 |
The table below sets out the key drivers of the Payment Protection Insurance (PPI) provision balance and forecast assumptions used in calculating the provision, as well as the sensitivity of the provision to changes in the assumptions.
| Cumulative to 30 June 2017 |
Future expected | Sensitivity analysis Increase/decrease in provision |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Inbound complaints(1) ('000) | 1,402 | 412 | 25 = £9m |
| Outbound contact ('000) | 406 | 342 | 25 = £15m |
| Response rate to outbound contact | 35% | 91% | 1% = £2.2m |
| Average uphold rate per claim(2) | 58% | 74% | 1% = £3.5m |
| Average redress per claim(3) | £1,657 | £643 | £100 = £54m |
(1) Excludes invalid claims where the complainant has not held a PPI policy. (2) Claims include inbound and responses to outbound contact.
(3) The average redress per claim reduced from the cumulative average value at 30 June 2017 of £1,657 to a future expected average value of £643 due to the inclusion of Plevin cases in the provision, as well as a shift in the complaint mix to a greater proportion of storecards, which typically held lower average balances.
In November 2015, the FCA issued a Consultation Paper 15/39 (Rules and guidance on payment protection insurance complaints) which introduced the concept of unfair commission in relation to Plevin for customer redress plus a deadline by which customers would need to make their PPI complaints. On 2 August 2016, the FCA issued Consultation Paper 16/20 (Rules and Guidance on payment protection insurance complaints: Feedback on CP 15/39 and further consultation). The paper outlined the FCA's proposed approach to PPI in light of the 2014 decision of the Supreme Court in Plevin v Paragon Personal Finance Ltd (Plevin) and also recommended a two-year deadline period starting in June 2017, which was later than proposed in CP 15/39. The paper also included proposals in relation to how redress for Plevin-related claims should be calculated including consideration of how profit share arrangements should be reflected in commission levels. The final rules released on 2nd March 2017 in Policy Statement 17/3 (Payment Protection Insurance Complaints: Feedback on CP16/20 and final rules and guidance) confirmed that the two-year deadline period would start in August 2017. There is also now a requirement to proactively mail previously rejected complainants in scope of s140A of the Consumer Credit Act to explain they are eligible to complain again in light of Plevin. Lastly there are some clarifications to the profit share percentage calculations. These changes may impact on the future amounts expected to be paid.
The remaining provision for PPI redress and related costs amounted to £405m. In the first quarter of 2017, we made an additional provision of £32m relating to the final FCA rules and guidance published in Mar17. We also provided a net charge of £37m in the second quarter, following a review of claims handling procedures in relation to a specific PPI portfolio including the impact of a past business review. See Note 17.
In line with our assumptions, monthly utilisation increased from the 2016 average following the confirmation of a deadline for customer complaints. We will continue to monitor our provision levels in respect of recent claims experience.
The remaining non-PPI related conduct provisions amounted to £51m, including an additional provision of £35m in the second quarter, relating to the sale of interest rate derivatives. This charge follows an ongoing review regarding regulatory classification of certain customers eligible for redress.
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Primary financial statements
Notes to the financial statements
The amounts recognised in the balance sheet were as follows:
| 30 June 2017 £m |
31 December 2016 £m |
|
|---|---|---|
| Assets/(liabilities) | ||
| Funded defined benefit pension scheme – surplus | 500 | 398 |
| Funded defined benefit pension scheme – deficit | (181) | (223) |
| Unfunded defined benefit pension scheme | (39) | (39) |
| Total net assets | 280 | 136 |
An expense of £27m (H116: £26m) was recognised for defined contribution plans in the period, and is included in staff costs classified within operating expenses in the Income Statement. None of this amount was recognised in respect of key management personnel for H117 and H116.
The total amount charged to the income statement, including any amounts classified as redundancy costs was £23m (H116: £11m).
Movements in the present value of defined benefit obligations and fair value of scheme assets were as follows:
| 30 June 2017 | 30 June 2016 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present value of defined benefit obligations £m |
Fair value of scheme assets £m |
Present value of defined benefit obligations £m |
Fair value of scheme assets £m |
|
| Balance at 1 January | (11,082) | 11,218 | (9,004) | 9,450 |
| Income statement charge | (182) | 247 | (186) | 232 |
| Recognised in other comprehensive income | ||||
| - Return on plan assets (excluding amounts included in net interest expense) | - | 85 | - | 1,055 |
| - Actuarial movements arising from experience adjustments | 11 | - | 28 | - |
| - Actuarial movements arising from changes in financial assumptions | (17) | - | (1,572) | - |
| Benefits paid | 191 | (191) | 130 | (130) |
| Balance at 30 June | (11,079) | 11,359 | (10,604) | 10,607 |
The net assets recognised in the balance sheet was determined as follows:
| 30 June 2017 | 31 December 2016 | |
|---|---|---|
| £m | £m | |
| Present value of defined benefit obligations | (11,079) | (11,082) |
| Fair value of scheme assets | 11,359 | 11,218 |
| Net defined benefit assets | 280 | 136 |
The 31 March 2016 triennial funding valuation was concluded in early 2017. Santander UK plc has committed to continue to fund the Scheme at the current rate with the recovery plan extended for a further three years. In addition Santander UK plc has committed to make contingent contributions if the investment performance is lower than expected.
There have been no significant changes to the method for setting the principal actuarial assumptions used as set out in Note 34 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Financial statements
| 30 June 2017 £m |
31 December 2016 £m |
|
|---|---|---|
| Guarantees given to third parties | 1,435 | 1,859 |
| Formal standby facilities, credit lines and other commitments | 42,131 | 41,616 |
| 43,566 | 43,475 | |
There have been no significant changes to the contingent liabilities as set out in Note 35 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report, except as follows:
Santander UK plc has fully and unconditionally guaranteed the unsubordinated liabilities of each of Abbey National Treasury Services plc and Cater Allen Limited, both of which are wholly owned subsidiaries of the Santander UK group, that have been or will be incurred before 31 December 2018.
Note 15 details our provisions including those in relation to PPI. In relation to a specific PPI portfolio of complaints, following a review of legal and regulatory responsibilities, including consultation with external professional advisers, it is not currently considered that the likelihood of Santander UK group incurring a liability is probable and as such no provision is held. There are a number of factual and legal issues to be resolved in relation to this portfolio which may impact the amount or timing of any liability. These issues create uncertainties which mean that it is not currently possible to make a reliable estimate of the financial effect, if any, that may arise.
| 30 June 2017 £m |
31 December 2016 £m |
|
|---|---|---|
| Ordinary share capital | 3,105 | 3,105 |
| £300m fixed/floating rate non-cumulative callable preference shares | 14 | 14 |
| £300m Step-up Callable Perpetual Reserve Capital Instruments | 235 | 235 |
| AT1 securities: | ||
| - £500m Perpetual Capital Securities | 496 | - |
| - £750m Perpetual Capital Securities | 750 | 750 |
| - £300m Perpetual Capital Securities | 300 | 300 |
| - £500m Perpetual Capital Securities | 500 | 500 |
| 5,400 | 4,904 |
On 10 April 2017, the Company issued £500m Perpetual Capital Securities, all of which were subscribed by the Company's immediate parent, Santander UK Group Holdings plc. The securities are perpetual and pay a distribution rate on 24 March, June, September and December. At each distribution payment date, the Company can decide whether to pay the distribution rate, which is non-cumulative, in whole or in part. The distribution rate is 6.75% per annum until 24 June 2024; thereafter, the distribution rate resets every five years to a rate of 5.792% per annum above the then prevailing 5 year sterling mid swap rate. The Perpetual Capital Securities will be automatically written down should the Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio of the Santander UK prudential consolidation group as defined in the PRA's rules fall below 7%. The Perpetual Capital Securities are redeemable at the option of the Company on 24 June 2024 or on any reset date thereafter. No such redemption may be made without the consent of the PRA.
As described in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report, Santander UK plc and certain of its subsidiaries enter into securitisation transactions whereby portfolios of residential mortgage loans and other loans are purchased by or assigned to structured securitisation companies, and have been funded through the issue of mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities. Holders of the securities are only entitled to obtain payments of principal and interest to the extent that the resources of the securitisation companies are sufficient to support such payments and the holders of the securities have agreed in writing not to seek recourse in any other form. At 30 June 2017, £1,450m (2016: £363m) of loans were so assigned by the Santander UK group.
Santander UK plc also has a covered bond programme, whereby securities are issued to investors and are secured by a pool of residential mortgages. At 30 June 2017, the pool of residential mortgages for the covered bond programme was £19,989m (2016: £20,263m).
At 30 June 2017, total notes issued externally from secured programmes (securitisations and covered bonds) decreased to £21,421m (2016: £24,134m), including gross issuance of £1,000m (H116: £1,147m) and redemptions of £3,538m (H116: £2,227m). At 30 June 2017, a total of £4,841m (2016: £4,998m) of notes issued under securitisation and covered bond programmes had also been retained internally, a proportion of which had been used as collateral for raising funds via third party bilateral secured funding transactions, which totalled £1,834m at 30 June 2017 (2016: £2,764m), or for creating collateral which could in the future be used for liquidity purposes.
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Primary financial statements
Notes to the financial statements
The Santander UK group categorises assets and liabilities measured at fair value within the fair value hierarchy based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as described in Note 43(a) to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report.
The following table analyses the fair value of the financial instruments carried at amortised cost at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016. It does not include fair value information for financial assets and financial liabilities carried at amortised cost if the carrying amount is a reasonable approximation of fair value. Details of the valuation methodology of the financial assets and financial liabilities carried at amortised cost can be found in Note 43(c) to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report.
| Balance sheet category | 30 June 2017 | 31 December 2016 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fair value £m |
Carrying value £m |
Fair value £m |
Carrying value £m |
||
| Assets | |||||
| Loans and advances to banks | 4,351 | 4,404 | 4,215 | 4,348 | |
| Loans and advances to | |||||
| customers | Advances secured on residential property | 157,009 | 154,295 | 157,961 | 154,448 |
| Corporate loans | 31,281 | 31,302 | 31,590 | 31,596 | |
| Other advances | 14,204 | 14,202 | 13,685 | 13,694 | |
| 202,494 | 199,799 | 203,236 | 199,738 | ||
| Loans and receivables | |||||
| securities | 1,444 | 1,424 | 272 | 257 | |
| Held-to-maturity investments | 6,433 | 6,613 | 6,436 | 6,648 | |
| Liabilities | |||||
| Deposits by banks | Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 1,090 | 1,077 | 2,406 | 2,384 |
| Other deposits | 10,827 | 10,813 | 7,392 | 7,385 | |
| 11,917 | 11,890 | 9,798 | 9,769 | ||
| Deposits by customers | Current and demand accounts | 92,542 | 92,542 | 91,162 | 91,162 |
| Savings accounts | 62,831 | 62,698 | 58,461 | 58,305 | |
| Time deposits | 25,481 | 25,447 | 27,260 | 27,203 | |
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 572 | 502 | 582 | 502 | |
| 181,426 | 181,189 | 177,465 | 177,172 | ||
| Debt securities in issue | Bonds and medium-term notes | 40,301 | 38,537 | 44,643 | 42,840 |
| Securitisation programmes | 5,507 | 5,460 | 7,606 | 7,506 | |
| 45,808 | 43,997 | 52,249 | 50,346 | ||
| Subordinated liabilities | 4,491 | 4,109 | 4,562 | 4,303 |
The following tables summarise the fair values of the financial assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value at 30 June 2017 and 31 December 2016, analysed by their levels in the fair value hierarchy – Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3.
Transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy are reported at the beginning of the period in which they occur.
During H117 there were no transfers of financial instruments between Levels 1, 2 and 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Transfers relating to 2016 are disclosed in Note 43(d) to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report.
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| Balance sheet category | 30 June 2017 | 31 December 2016 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Level 1 £m |
Level 2 £m |
Level 3 £m |
Total £m |
Level 1 £m |
Level 2 £m |
Level 3 £m |
Total £m |
Valuation technique |
||
| Assets | ||||||||||
| Trading assets | Loans and advances to banks Loans and advances to |
- | 6,082 | - | 6,082 | - | 7,478 | - | 7,478 | A |
| customers Debt securities Equity securities |
1,202 4,507 7,751 |
14,881 - - |
- - - |
16,083 4,507 7,751 |
762 6,248 5,986 |
9,561 - - |
- - - |
10,323 6,248 5,986 |
A - - |
|
| Derivative assets | Exchange rate contracts Interest rate contracts Equity and credit contracts |
- - - |
7,072 13,313 1,131 |
21 15 59 |
7,093 13,328 1,190 |
- 1 - |
8,300 15,795 1,272 |
22 19 62 |
8,322 15,815 1,334 |
A A & C B & D |
| Financial assets designated at fair value |
Loans and advances to customers Debt securities |
- - |
1,510 399 |
64 188 |
1,574 587 |
- - |
1,668 208 |
63 201 |
1,731 409 |
A A & B |
| Available-for-sale securities | Equity securities Debt securities |
19 9,503 |
9 2 |
41 - |
69 9,505 |
17 10,449 |
63 - |
32 - |
112 10,449 |
B C |
| Total assets at fair value | 22,982 | 44,399 | 388 | 67,769 | 23,463 | 44,345 | 399 | 68,207 | ||
| Liabilities Trading liabilities |
Deposits by banks Deposits by customers Short positions |
- - 3,510 |
3,645 14,335 - |
- - - |
3,645 14,335 3,510 |
- - 2,801 |
4,200 8,559 - |
- - - |
4,200 8,559 2,801 |
A A - |
| Derivative liabilities | Exchange rate contracts Interest rate contracts Equity and credit contracts |
- - 1 |
4,943 12,972 503 |
20 7 42 |
4,963 12,979 546 |
- - 1 |
6,009 16,202 817 |
21 11 42 |
6,030 16,213 860 |
A A & C B & D |
| Financial liabilities designated at fair value |
Debt securities in issue Structured deposits |
- - |
2,161 809 |
6 - |
2,167 809 |
- - |
1,908 526 |
6 - |
1,914 526 |
A A |
| Total liabilities at fair value | 3,511 | 39,368 | 75 | 42,954 | 2,802 | 38,221 | 80 | 41,103 |
The main valuation techniques employed in internal models to measure the fair value of the financial instruments are disclosed in Note 43(e) to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report. The Santander UK group did not make any material changes to the valuation techniques and internal models it used during H117.
The internal models incorporate assumptions that the Santander UK group believes would be made by a market participant to establish fair value. Fair value adjustments are adopted when the Santander UK group considers that there are additional factors that would be considered by a market participant that are not incorporated in the valuation model.
The Santander UK group classifies fair value adjustments as either 'risk-related' or 'model-related'. The fair value adjustments form part of the portfolio fair value and are included in the balance sheet values of the product types to which they have been applied. The majority of these adjustments relate to Global Corporate Banking. The magnitude and types of fair value adjustment adopted by Global Corporate Banking are listed in the following table:
| 30 June 2017 | 31 December 2016 | |
|---|---|---|
| £m | £m | |
| Risk-related: | ||
| - Bid-offer and trade specific adjustments | 42 | 37 |
| - Uncertainty | 43 | 49 |
| - Credit risk adjustment | 43 | 50 |
| - Funding fair value adjustment | 10 | 20 |
| 138 | 156 | |
| Model-related | 2 | 1 |
| Day One profit | 1 | 4 |
| 141 | 161 |
Risk-related adjustments are driven, in part, by the magnitude of the Santander UK group's market or credit risk exposure, and by external market factors, such as the size of market spreads. For further details, see the 'Risk-related adjustments' section in Note 43(f) to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report.
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Primary financial statements
Notes to the financial statements
There have been no significant changes to the valuation techniques set out in Note 43(i) to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the movement between opening and closing balances of Level 3 financial instruments, measured at fair value using a valuation technique with significant unobservable inputs:
| Assets | Liabilities | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Derivatives | Fair value through P&L |
Available-for sale |
Total | Derivatives | Fair value through P&L |
Total | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| At 1 January 2017 | 103 | 264 | 32 | 399 | (74) | (6) | (80) |
| Total gains/(losses) recognised in profit/(loss): | |||||||
| - Fair value movements | 6 | (9) | - | (3) | (7) | - | (7) |
| - Foreign exchange and other movements | (5) | - | - | (5) | 5 | - | 5 |
| Gains recognised in other comprehensive income | - | - | 9 | 9 | - | - | - |
| Sales | - | (3) | - | (3) | - | - | - |
| Settlements | (9) | - | - | (9) | 7 | - | 7 |
| At 30 June 2017 | 95 | 252 | 41 | 388 | (69) | (6) | (75) |
| Gains/(losses) recognised in profit/(loss) relating to assets and liabilities held at the end of the period |
1 | (9) | - | (8) | (2) | - | (2) |
| At 1 January 2016 | 188 | 267 | 100 | 555 | (105) | (5) | (110) |
| Total gains/(losses) recognised in profit/(loss): | |||||||
| - Fair value movements | (2) | 36 | - | 34 | 8 | (1) | 7 |
| - Foreign exchange and other movements | 1 | - | - | 1 | - | (1) | (1) |
| Gains recognised in other comprehensive income | - | - | 19 | 19 | - | - | - |
| Additions | - | - | 25 | 25 | - | - | - |
| Sales | - | - | (119) | (119) | - | - | - |
| Settlements | (20) | (15) | - | (35) | 15 | - | 15 |
| At 30 June 2016 | 167 | 288 | 25 | 480 | (82) | (7) | (89) |
| Gains/(losses) recognised in profit/(loss) relating to assets and liabilities held at the end of the period |
(1) | 36 | - | 35 | 8 | (2) | 6 |
As discussed above, the fair value of financial instruments are, in certain circumstances, measured using valuation techniques that incorporate assumptions that are not evidenced by prices from observable current market transactions in the same instrument and are not based on observable market data and, as such require the application of a degree of judgement. Changing one or more of the inputs to the valuation models to reasonably possible alternative assumptions would change the fair values significantly. There has been no significant change to the unobservable inputs and sensitivities used in Level 3 fair values as set out in Note 43(i) to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report.
The financial position and performance of the Santander UK group have not been materially affected in H117 by any related party transactions, or changes to related party transactions. In addition, transactions with pension schemes operated by the Santander UK group are described in Note 34 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2016 Annual Report. These transactions were made in the ordinary course of business and substantially on the same terms as for comparable transactions with third party counterparties and within limits acceptable to the PRA. Such transactions do not involve more than the normal risk of collectability or present any unfavourable features.
There have been no significant events between 30 June 2017 and the date of approval of these financial statements which would require a change to or additional disclosure in the financial statements.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Shareholder information
| 51 | Forward-looking statements |
|---|---|
| 51 | Selected financial data |
| 51 | Glossary |
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| statements | Forward-looking | Selected financial data |
Glossary |
result of new information, future events or otherwise. For more, see the Risk factors set out on page 276 of the 2016 20-F.
| 30 June 2017(1) % |
31 December 2016 % |
|
|---|---|---|
| Capital ratios: | ||
| CET1 capital ratio | 12.1 | 11.6 |
| Total capital ratio | 19.6 | 18.5 |
| Equity to assets ratio(2) | 4.61 | 4.60 |
| Ratio of earnings to fixed charges:(3) | ||
| - Excluding interest on retail deposits | 382 | 292 |
| - Including interest on retail deposits | 201 | 166 |
| Profitability ratios: | ||
| Return on assets(4) | 0.48 | 0.44 |
| Return on ordinary shareholders' equity(5) | 10.3 | 9.3 |
| Dividend payout ratio(6) | n/a | 46 |
(1) As described in Note 1 to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements, Santander UK elected to early apply the IFRS 9 requirement for the presentation of gains and losses on financial liabilities relating to own credit in other comprehensive income from 1 January 2017. The cumulative own credit adjustment component of the cumulative fair value adjustment on financial liabilities designated at fair value through profit or loss has been included in opening retained earnings. Comparatives have not been restated. We have not adopted the other requirements in IFRS 9.
(2) Average ordinary shareholders' equity divided by average total assets. Average balances are based on monthly data.
(3) For the purpose of calculating the ratios of earnings to fixed charges, earnings consist of profit from continuing operations before tax and before adjustment for non-controlling interests plus fixed charges. Fixed charges consist of interest expense, including the amortisation of discounts and premiums on debt securities in issue and related capitalised expenses and including or excluding interest on retail deposit as appropriate.
(4) Profit after tax divided by average total assets. Average balances are based on monthly data.
(5) Profit after tax divided by average ordinary shareholders' equity. (6) Ordinary equity dividends approved divided by profit after tax attributable to equity holders of the parent.
Our glossary of industry and other main terms is set out beginning on page 306 of the 2016 20-F.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Other information for US investors
53 Risk Factors
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Risk factors
An investment in Santander UK plc (the Company) and its subsidiaries (us, we or Santander UK) involves a number of risks. A summary of the material risks are set out in the 'Shareholder information' section of the 2016 Annual Report. The principal risks described in these risk factors remain unchanged, except for the risk factors entitled "Exposure to UK political developments, including the outcome of the UK referendum on membership of the EU, could have a material adverse effect on us", "We are subject to substantial regulation and governmental oversight which could adversely affect our business and operations", "We are exposed to risk of loss from legal and regulatory proceedings", "Potential intervention by the FCA, the PRA, the CMA or an overseas regulator may occur, particularly in response to customer complaints" and "Competition with other financial institutions could adversely affect us", which have been replaced as follows:
On 23 June 2016, the UK held a non-binding referendum (the UK EU Referendum) on its membership in the EU, in which a majority voted for the UK to leave the EU. Immediately following the result, the UK and global stock and foreign exchange markets commenced a period of significant volatility, including a steep devaluation of the pound sterling, in addition to which there is now continuing uncertainty relating to the process, timing and negotiation of the UK's exit from, and future relationship with, the EU.
On 29 March 2017, the UK Prime Minister gave notice under Article 50(2) of the Treaty on European Union of the UK's intention to withdraw from the EU. The delivery of the Article 50(2) notice has triggered a two year period of negotiation which will determine the terms on which the UK will exit the EU and the new terms of the UK's relationship with the EU. Unless extended, the UK's EU membership will cease after this two year period. These negotiations with the EU, which formally commenced on 19 June 2017, are expected to run in parallel to standalone bilateral negotiations with the numerous individual countries and multilateral counterparties with which the UK currently has trading arrangements by virtue of its membership of the EU. The timing of, and process for, such negotiations and the resulting terms of the UK's future economic, trading and legal relationships are uncertain.
A general election in the UK was held on 8 June 2017 (the General Election). The General Election has resulted in a hung parliament with no one political party obtaining the majority required to form an outright government. On 26 June 2017 it was announced that the Conservative party had reached an agreement with the Democratic Unionist Party (the DUP) in order for the Conservative party to form a minority government with legislative support from the DUP. There is significant uncertainty created by a minority government and the long term effects of the General Election are difficult to predict. The outcome of the General Election could have a significant impact on the future international (including the UK's exit from the EU) and domestic political agendas of the government and the ability of the government to pass legislation in the House of Commons.
While the longer term effects of the UK EU Referendum are difficult to predict, the effects of the UK EU Referendum, in addition to the uncertainty created as a result of the outcome of the General Election, could include further financial instability and slower economic growth as well as higher unemployment and inflation, in the UK, at least in the short to medium term. For instance, the UK could lose access to the single EU market and to the global trade deals negotiated by the EU on behalf of its members and this could affect the attractiveness of the UK as a global investment centre and, as a result, could have a detrimental impact on UK growth. Sustained low or negative interest rates would put further pressure on our interest margins and adversely affect our profitability and prospects.
The UK EU Referendum has also given rise to calls for certain regions within the UK to preserve their place in the EU by separating from the UK. The outcome of the UK EU Referendum revived the political debate, for example, on a second referendum on Scottish independence. These developments, or the perception that they could occur, may have a material adverse effect on economic conditions and the stability of financial markets, and could significantly reduce market liquidity and restrict the ability of key market participants to operate in certain financial markets (for more information, see the risk factor entitled 'We are vulnerable to disruptions and volatility in the global financial markets").
Asset valuations, currency exchange rates and credit ratings may be particularly subject to increased market volatility. The major credit rating agencies have downgraded and changed their outlook to negative on the UK's sovereign credit rating following the UK EU Referendum. In addition after the UK EU Referendum, S&P Global Ratings and Moody's Investors Service affirmed the long-term credit ratings and changed the ratings outlooks of the operating companies of most major UK banks because of the medium term impact of political and market uncertainty (for more information, see the risk factor entitled 'An adverse movement in our external credit rating would likely increase our cost of funding, require us to post additional collateral or take other actions under some of our derivative contracts and adversely affect our interest margins and results of operations').
In addition, we are subject to substantial EU-derived regulation and oversight. There remains significant uncertainty as to the respective legal and regulatory environments in which we and our subsidiaries will operate when the UK is no longer a member of the EU, causing potentially divergent national laws and regulations across Europe should EU laws be replaced, in whole or in part, by UK laws on the same (or substantially similar) issues. For example, we are in the process of implementing a number of key restructuring and strategic initiatives, such as the ring-fencing of our retail banking activities, all of which will be carried out throughout this period of significant uncertainty. This may impact the prospects for successful execution and impose additional pressure on management (for more information, see the risk factor entitled 'We are subject to substantial regulation and governmental oversight which could adversely affect our business and operations'). Operationally, we and other financial institutions may no longer be able to rely on the European passporting framework for financial services and could be required to apply for authorisation in multiple EU jurisdictions, the costs, timing and viability of which is uncertain. This uncertainty, and any actions taken as a result of this uncertainty, as well as new or amended rules, may have a significant impact on our operations, profitability and business. In addition, the lack of clarity of the impact of the UK EU Referendum on foreign nationals' long-term residency permissions in the UK may make it challenging for us to retain and recruit adequate staff, which may adversely impact our business.
The UK political developments described above, along with any further changes in government structure and policies, may lead to further market volatility and changes to the fiscal, monetary and regulatory landscape in which we operate and could have a negative adverse effect on our financing availability and terms and, more generally, on our business, financial condition and results of operation.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Other information for US investors
As a financial services group, we are subject to extensive financial services laws, regulations, administrative actions and policies in the UK, the EU and each other location in which we operate, including in the US. As well as being subject to UK regulation, as part of the Banco Santander group, we are also impacted through regulation by the Banco de España (the Bank of Spain) and, at a corporate level, by the European Central Bank (ECB). The laws, regulations and policies to which we are subject may be changed at any time. In addition, the interpretation and the application of those laws, regulations and policies by regulators are also subject to change. Extensive legislation and implementing regulations affecting the financial services industry have recently been adopted in regions that directly or indirectly affect our business, including Spain, the US, the EU, Latin America and other jurisdictions.
The manner in which financial services laws, regulations and policies are applied to the operations of financial institutions is still evolving. Moreover, to the extent these laws, regulations and policies are implemented inconsistently in the UK, we may face higher compliance costs. Any legislative or regulatory actions and any required changes to our business operations resulting from such laws, regulations and policies as well as any deficiencies in our compliance with such laws, regulations and policies, could result in significant loss of revenue, limit our ability to pursue business opportunities in which we might otherwise consider engaging and limit our ability to provide certain products and services. They may also affect the value of assets that we hold, requiring us to increase our prices and therefore reduce demand for our products, impose additional compliance and other costs on us or otherwise adversely affect our businesses. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that future changes in laws, regulations and policies or in their interpretation or application will not adversely affect us.
During recent periods of market turmoil, there have been unprecedented levels of government and regulatory intervention and scrutiny, and changes to the regulations governing financial institutions and the conduct of business. In addition, in light of the financial crisis, regulatory and governmental authorities are considering, or may consider, further enhanced or new legal or regulatory requirements intended to prevent future crises or otherwise assure the stability of institutions under their supervision. This intensive approach to supervision is maintained by the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA).
Proposals and measures taken by governmental, tax and regulatory authorities and further future changes in supervision and regulation (in particular in the UK), which are beyond our control, could materially affect our business, the value of assets and operations and result in significant increases in operational costs. Products and services offered by us could also be affected. Changes in UK legislation and regulation to address the stability of the financial sector may also affect our competitive position, particularly if such changes are implemented before international consensus is reached on key issues affecting the industry. Although we work closely with our regulators and continually monitor the situation, future changes in law, regulation, fiscal or other policies can be unpredictable and are beyond our control. No assurance can be given generally that laws or regulations will be adopted, enforced or interpreted in a manner that will not have an adverse effect on our business.
On 18 December 2013, the Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act (the Banking Reform Act) was enacted. The Banking Reform Act implements the recommendations of the Independent Commission on Banking (ICB) and of the Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards. Among other things, the Banking Reform Act establishes a ring-fencing framework under the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA) pursuant to which UK banking groups that hold significant retail deposits are required to separate their retail banking activities from their wholesale banking activities by 1 January 2019, establishes a new Payment Systems Regulator (the PSR) and amends the Banking Act 2009 (the Banking Act) to include a bail-in stabilisation power forming part of the special resolution regime (for more information, see the risk factor entitled 'Bail-in and write down powers under the Banking Act and the BRRD may adversely affect our business and the value of securities we may issue').
On 7 July 2016, the PRA published a policy statement (PS20/16) entitled 'The implementation of ring-fencing: prudential requirements, intragroup arrangements and use of financial market infrastructures' containing final ring-fencing rules ahead of the implementation date for ring-fencing on 1 January 2019. The PRA expects firms to finalise their ring-fencing plans and highlight any changes as a result of the policy statement to the PRA. The PRA will keep the policy under review to assess whether changes may be required as a result of any regulatory change following the UK's exit from the EU.
Finally, the Banking Reform Act introduced a new form of transfer scheme, the ring-fencing transfer scheme, under Part VII of FSMA to enable UK banks to implement the ring-fencing requirements. This is a court process that requires (i) the PRA to approve the scheme (in consultation with the FCA); (ii) the appropriate regulatory authority in respect of each transferee to provide a certificate of adequate financial resources in relation to that transferee; and (iii) an independent expert (approved by the PRA, after consultation with the FCA) to provide a scheme report stating whether any adverse effect on persons affected by the scheme is likely to be greater than is reasonably necessary to achieve the ring-fencing purposes of the scheme. The PRA published its final statement of policy on its approach to ring-fencing transfer schemes on 4 March 2016.
The Santander UK group is subject to the ring-fencing requirement under the Banking Reform Act and, as a consequence, the Santander UK group will need to separate its core activities from its prohibited activities. The Santander UK group continues to work closely with regulators on developing its business and operating model to comply with the ring-fencing requirements. In light of the changeable macro-environment, the board of the Company concluded in December 2016 that we could provide greater certainty for our customers with a 'wide' ring-fence structure, rather than the 'narrow' ringfence structure originally envisaged as this will also allow us to maintain longer term flexibility. Under this revised model Santander UK plc, the ring-fenced bank, will serve our retail, commercial and corporate customers. The majority of our customer loans and assets as well as customer deposits and liabilities will remain within the Company, our principal ring-fenced bank. Prohibited activities which cannot continue to be transacted within the ring-fenced bank principally include our derivatives business with financial institutions and certain corporates, elements of our short term markets business and our branches in Jersey, Isle of Man and the United States (US). Abbey National Treasury Services plc will no longer constitute the non-ring fenced bank and its activities will be revised as part of the new ring-fenced model and customers who cannot be served or services which are not permitted within a ringfenced bank will be transferred to Banco Santander SA, or its London Branch. We intend to complete the implementation of our ring-fence plans well in advance of the legislative deadline of 1 January 2019. The ring-fencing model that the Santander UK group ultimately implements will depend on a number of factors including economic conditions in the UK and globally and will entail a legal and organisational restructuring of the Santander UK group's businesses and operations, including transfers of customers and transactions through a ring-fencing transfer scheme.
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Risk factors
In light of the scale and complexity of this process, the operational and execution risks for the Santander UK group may be material. This restructuring and migration of customers and transactions could have a material impact on how the Santander UK group conducts its business. The Santander UK group is unable to predict with certainty the attitudes and reaction of its customers.
The restructuring of the Santander UK group's business pursuant to the developing ring-fencing regime will take a substantial amount of time and cost to implement, the separation process and the structural changes which may be required could have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results, financial condition, profitability and prospects.
The European banking union is expected to be achieved through new harmonized banking rules (in a single rulebook) and a new institutional framework with stronger systems for both banking supervision and resolution that will be managed at a European level. Its two main pillars are the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) and the Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM).
The SSM (comprising both the ECB and the national competent authorities) is designed to assist in making the banking sector more transparent, unified and safer. On 4 November 2014, the ECB fully assumed its new supervisory responsibilities within the SSM, in particular direct supervision of 127 significant banks (at 2 December 2016) in the eurozone, including Banco Santander SA.
Regulation (EU) No. 806/2014 of the European Parliament and the Council of the EU (the SRM Regulation) became effective from 1 January 2015 and establishes uniform rules and a uniform procedure for the resolution of credit institutions and certain investment firms in the framework of the SRM and Single Resolution Fund (SRF). The new Single Resolution Board (SRB), which is the central decision-making body of the SRM fully assumed its resolution powers on 1 January 2016. The SRB is responsible for managing the SRF.
Further, regulations adopted towards achieving a banking and/or fiscal union in the EU and decisions adopted by the ECB in its capacity as Banco Santander SA's main supervisory authority may have a material impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations and may be impacted by the terms of the UK's exit from the EU (for more information, see the risk factor entitled 'Exposure to UK political developments, including the outcome of the UK referendum on membership of the EU, could have a material adverse effect on us').
On 29 January 2014, the European Commission (Commission) published proposals on structural measures to improve the resilience of EU credit institutions which included potential separation of certain trading activities from retail banking activities and a ban on proprietary trading. The proposal currently contemplates that EU Member States that have already implemented ring-fencing legislation may apply for a derogation from the separation of trading activities provisions included in the proposals if they can satisfy the Commission that such local legislation meets the objectives and requirements set out in the EU proposal. However, the European Parliament and Council are also considering a version of the proposal without the derogation provision. Notwithstanding the possible derogation referred to above, the adoption of this proposal in its current, or in an amended, form may require further changes to our structure and business although as a result of the UK EU Referendum, there is ongoing uncertainty regarding the continuing relevance of EU regulations and reforms in the UK (for more information, see the risk factor entitled 'Exposure to UK political developments, including the outcome of the UK referendum on membership of the EU, could have a material adverse effect on us').
On 16 August 2012, the EU regulation on over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives, central counterparties and trade repositories, referred to as the European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) came into force. EMIR introduced a number of requirements, including clearing obligations for certain classes of OTC derivatives, margin requirements for non-centrally cleared derivatives and various reporting and disclosure obligations. Certain details remain to be clarified in the further binding technical standards to be adopted by the Commission, which creates some uncertainty as to the final impact on us, however, the implementation of EMIR has already led and may yet lead to changes which may negatively impact our profit margins, require us to adjust our business practices or increase our costs (including compliance costs).
The revised and re-enacted Markets in Financial Instruments legislation (MiFID) replaces the existing MiFID framework and comprises the Directive 2014/65 of the European Parliament and of the Council, of 15 May 2014 and amending Directive 2002/92/EC and Directive 2011/61/EU (MiFID2) and the Regulation 600/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 and amending Regulation (EU) No 648/2012 (MiFIR). The substantive provisions of MiFID will be applicable on 3 January 2018 and will introduce an obligation to trade certain classes of OTC derivative contracts on trading venues. Certain details remain to be clarified in further binding technical standards to be adopted by the Commission. Although the full impact of MiFID2 and MiFIR on us is not yet known, MiFID2 and MiFIR may lead to changes which negatively impact our profit margins, require it to adjust its business practices or increase its costs (including compliance costs).
In the US, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Dodd-Frank Act) enacted in 2010, has been implemented in part and continues to be implemented by various US federal regulatory agencies. The Dodd-Frank Act, among other things, imposes a new regulatory framework on swap transactions, including swaps of the sort that we enter into, requires regulators to adopt new rules governing the retention of credit risk by securitisers or originators of securitisations and significantly expands the coverage and scope of regulations that limit affiliate transactions within a banking organisation. Over 2012-2015, the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the CFTC) and the US Prudential Regulators adopted a host of new regulations for swaps markets, including swap dealer registration, business conduct, mandatory clearing, exchange trading and margin regulations. Most of these regulations are either already effective or will come into effect in 2017. Abbey National Treasury Services plc, which became provisionally registered as a swap dealer with the CFTC on 4 November 2013, is currently subject to these regulations for its US facing swaps activities. These rules have already increased and could continue to increase the costs associated with our swaps business. In addition, certain cross-border regulatory conflicts could adversely affect the profitability of our swaps business by reducing the range of counterparties with which we can trade effectively.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Other information for US investors
In October 2014, US regulators adopted a joint final rule requiring sponsors of asset-backed securitisation transactions, which would include the Company in relation to its residential mortgage-backed securities programmes, to retain 5% of the credit risk of the assets subject to the securitisation. The rule permits sponsors to satisfy the risk retention requirement through the acquisition and retention of either 5% (measured by fair value) of the most subordinated interest in the securitisation, or 5% (measured by nominal value) of each tranche of interests issued by the securitisation, or some combination of the two. The rule also permits certain exceptions and methods of compliance in respect of specific types of asset-backed securities transactions. The final rule took effect for residential mortgage-backed securities transactions on 24 December 2015, and on 24 December 2016 for other securitisation transactions.
Within the Dodd-Frank Act, the so-called Volcker Rule prohibits 'banking entities', including the Santander UK group, from engaging in certain forms of proprietary trading or from sponsoring or investing in certain covered funds, in each case subject to certain exemptions, including exemptions permitting foreign banking entities to engage in trading and fund activities that take place solely outside of the US. The final rules contain exclusions and certain exemptions for market-making, hedging, underwriting, trading in US Government and agency obligations as well as certain foreign government obligations, trading solely outside the US, and also permit ownership interests in certain types of funds to be retained. On 10 December 2013, the US bank regulators issued final regulations implementing the Volcker Rule, and the Federal Reserve also issued an order extending the conformance period for all banking entities until 21 July 2015. On 7 July 2016 the US Federal Reserve announced an additional extension of the conformance period until 21 July 2017 to conform investments in and relationships with covered funds and certain foreign funds subject to the Volcker Rule that were in place prior to 31 December 2013, and additional extensions for illiquid funds may be requested. Banking entities must bring their activities and investments into compliance with the requirements of the Volcker Rule by the end of the applicable conformance period. We have assessed how the final rules implementing the Volcker Rule affect our businesses and have adopted the necessary measures to bring our activities into compliance with the rules.
Each of these aspects of the Dodd-Frank Act, as well as the changes in the US banking regulations, and increased uncertainty surrounding future changes, may directly and indirectly impact various aspects of our business. The full spectrum of risks that the Dodd-Frank Act, including the Volcker Rule, pose to us is not yet known, however, such risks could be material and we could be materially and adversely affected by them.
In the UK and elsewhere, there is continuing political, competitive and regulatory scrutiny of the banking industry. Political involvement in the regulatory process, in the behaviour and governance of the UK banking sector and in the major financial institutions in which the UK Government has a direct financial interest is likely to continue. The Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) is the UK's main competition authority responsible for ensuring that competition and markets work well for consumers. In addition, under the Banking Reform Act, as of 1 April 2015, the FCA has the power to enforce against breaches of the Competition Act 1998 and to refer markets to the CMA for in-depth investigation in the areas of financial services in the UK. As of 1 April 2015, the PSR also has an objective and powers equivalent to those of the FCA to promote competition in the payments industry.
In August 2016, the CMA published the final report in its market investigation into competition in the personal current account and SME retail banking markets, which identified a number of features of the markets for the supply of personal current accounts, business current accounts and SME lending that, in combination, were having an adverse effect on competition. The CMA is currently implementing a comprehensive package of remedies including, among other things, the introduction of requirements to prompt customers to review the services that they receive from their bank at certain trigger points and to promote customer awareness of account switching. Further work on overdraft charges is ongoing by the FCA, which remain under political scrutiny.
The FCA has recently announced a Strategic Review of Retail Banking Business Models to examine the business models used in the retail banking sector. Over the next year, the FCA will look at the business models of firms to identify any potential conduct or competition issues, explore how free-if-incredit banking is paid for and understand the impact of changes such as digital conversion and reduced branch usage on business models. The FCA will then consider potential consequences for its consumer protection and competition objectives. It intends to share the results of its analysis in Q2 2018. There can be no assurance that we will not be required to make changes to our business model as a result of this review, and that such changes would not materially and adversely affect us.
In addition, the FCA and PSR continue to undertake a number of competition related studies and reviews across a number of our businesses. Intervention as a result of these studies and reviews, in addition to regulatory reforms, investigations and court cases affecting the UK financial services industry, could have an adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and prospects, or our relations with our customers and potential customers.
There are a number of EU and UK proposals and measures targeted at preventing financial crime (including anti-money laundering (AML) and countering the financing of terrorism (CTF) provisions) which are expected to come into effect in 2017 and 2018.
As part of the EU's revision of its AML / CTF rules, Directive (EU) No 2015 / 849 (the Fourth EU Money Laundering Directive) and Regulation (EU) No 847 / 2015 (the EU Wire Transfer Regulation) will come into effect on 26 June 2017. The Fourth EU Money Laundering Directive replaces existing Directive (EC) No 60 / 2005 and significantly expands the existing AML / CTF regime applicable to financial institutions by, among other things:
The UK Government has consulted on its implementation of the Fourth EU Money Laundering Directive into national law and the amendments needed to the Persons with Significant Control regime and draft regulations are expected to be published in early 2017 for further consultation before the final rules are issued. However, the EU legislature is currently considering making further amendments to the new directive.
56 Santander UK plc
countries with less strict regimes.
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Risk factors
The EU Wire Transfer Regulation replaces the existing Regulation (EC) No 1781 / 2006. This regulation will apply to all transfers of funds in any currency which are sent or received by a payment service provider (PSP) or an intermediary PSP established in the EU, subject to certain exceptions for low-risk and low-value payments. The payer's PSP is required to ensure that any transfer of funds is accompanied by the identification information prescribed in the regulation and must verify the accuracy of this information from a reliable and independent source. Obligations are also imposed on the payee's PSP to implement effective procedures to detect whether the information about the payer or payee in the messaging or payment and settlement system is incomplete and to take a risk-based approach to determining whether to execute, reject or suspend a transfer of funds with missing information.
The UK Policing and Crime Act 2017 contains several measures to strengthen the enforcement of financial sanctions including enhanced criminal penalties and the power to impose monetary penalties for breaches of financial sanctions, deferred prosecution agreements and serious crime prevention orders for such breaches and the power to temporarily implement UN financial sanctions in the absence of EU implementing measures. The UK Policing and Crime Act 2017 received royal assent on 31 January 2017.
The UK Immigration Act 2016 requires banks to conduct immigration checks on their current account holders and report any persons unlawfully present in the UK to the Home Office. The Home Office may require the bank to close the accounts of such individuals as soon as reasonably practicable. The regulations implementing these changes are expected to be published in 2017.
Finally, the Criminal Finances Bill received Royal Assent in April 2017. The Criminal Finances Act 2017 (the CF Act) makes provision for a number of important changes to the law governing money laundering, civil recovery and enforcement powers concerning terrorist property. The CF Act introduces a new offence (modelled on the corporate offence under section 7 of the Bribery Act 2010), which will be committed by a corporation which fails to prevent the criminal facilitation of tax evasion by its associated persons (which includes its employees, agents and other persons who perform services for or on behalf of it) regardless of whether the tax is owed in the UK or another country. There is a defence where the corporation has put in place reasonable prevention procedures. If an offence is committed, unlimited financial penalties or ancillary orders could be imposed. The CF Act will come into force on 30 September 2017 by commencement and includes a range of further provisions targeted at improving the UK Government's ability to tackle money laundering and corruption, recover the proceeds of crime and counter terrorist financing and enable greater sharing of information between entities within the regulated sector and enforcement agencies.
The implementation of the foregoing measures (whether in their current form or as amended) will materially increase our regulatory and compliance burden. The proposed changes will require substantial amendments to our AML / CTF procedures and policies. The changes could adversely impact our business by increasing our operational and compliance costs and reducing the value of our assets and operations. Where the changes have extraterritorial effect, there may be difficulties in ensuring the compliance of entities over which we do not have full control or where the UK rules do not align easily with the local requirements. There is always a risk that the measures will not be implemented correctly or that individuals within the business will not be fully compliant with the new procedures. If there are breaches of these measures or existing law and regulation relating to financial crime, we could face significant administrative, regulatory and criminal sanctions as well as reputational damage which may have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition and prospects.
The EU General Data Protection Regulation (the GDPR) will have direct effect in all EU Member States from 25 May 2018 and will replace current EU data privacy laws. Although a number of basic existing principles will remain the same, the GDPR introduces new obligations on data controllers and rights for data subjects, including, among others:
The GDPR also introduces new fines and penalties for a breach of requirements, including fines for serious breaches of up to the higher of 4% of annual worldwide turnover or €20m and fines of up to the higher of 2% of annual worldwide turnover or €10m (whichever is highest) for other specified infringements. The GDPR identifies a list of points to consider when imposing fines (including the nature, gravity and duration of the infringement).
The implementation of the GDPR will require substantial amendments to our procedures and policies. The changes could adversely impact our business by increasing our operational and compliance costs. Further, there is a risk that the measures will not be implemented correctly or that individuals within the business will not be fully compliant with the new procedures. If there are breaches of these measures, we could face significant administrative and monetary sanctions as well as reputational damage which may have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition and prospects.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Other information for US investors
We face various issues that may give rise to risk of loss and damage from legal and regulatory proceedings (civil and/or criminal). These issues could include failing to comply with existing applicable legal and regulatory requirements or failing to implement properly new applicable law and regulation, and could result in claims against us or subject us to regulatory or criminal enforcement actions, fines and/or penalties. The current regulatory environment, with its increased supervisory focus and associated enforcement activity, combined with uncertainty about the evolution of the regulatory regime, may lead to material operational and compliance costs. These include the risk that:
We are from time to time subject to certain claims and party to certain legal proceedings brought by private individuals or regulators in the normal course of our business, including in connection with our lending activities, relationships with our employees and other commercial or tax matters. These can be brought against us under UK regulatory processes or in the UK courts, or under regulatory processes in other jurisdictions, such as the EU and the US, where some Santander UK group entities operate. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of legal matters and regulatory actions, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages, or where the cases present novel legal theories, involve a large number of parties or are in the early stages of discovery, we cannot state with confidence what the eventual outcome of these pending matters will be or what the eventual loss, fines and/or penalties related to each pending matter may be and these pending matters are not disclosed by name because they are under assessment. We believe that we have made adequate provisions related to these various claims and legal proceedings where we are reasonably able to estimate them. These provisions are reviewed periodically. However, in light of the uncertainties involved in such claims and proceedings, there can be no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not exceed the provisions currently accrued by us. As a result, the outcome of a particular matter may be material to our operating results for a particular period, depending upon, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and our level of income for that period.
The FCA carries out regular and frequent firm-specific and thematic reviews of the conduct of business by financial institutions including banks. An adverse finding by a regulator could result in the need for extensive changes in systems and controls, business policies, and practices coupled with suspension of sales, withdrawal of services, customer redress, fines and reputational damage.
Failure to manage adequately the risks arising in connection with our obligations under both existing applicable law and regulation and failing to implement properly new applicable law and regulation could result in significant losses including in relation to administrative, regulatory or criminal sanctions, as well as reputational damage, all of which may have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial condition and prospects.
The PRA and the FCA continue to have an outcome-focused regulatory approach. This involves proactive intervention, investigation and enforcement, and punitive penalties for infringement. As a result, we and other PRA-authorised or FCA-authorised firms continue to face increased regulatory scrutiny (resulting in increasing costs including supervision fees), and in the event of a breach of relevant law or regulation, we are likely to face stringent penalties.
The developing legal and regulatory regime in which we operate requires us to be compliant across all aspects of our business, including the training, authorisation and supervision of personnel, systems, processes and documentation. If we fail to be compliant with relevant law or regulation, there is a risk of an adverse impact on our business from more proactive regulatory intervention (including by any overseas regulator which establishes jurisdiction), investigation and enforcement activity leading to sanctions, fines or other action imposed by or agreed with the regulatory authorities, as well as increased costs associated with responding to regulatory inquiries and defending regulatory actions. Customers of financial services institutions, including our customers, may seek redress if they consider that they have suffered loss for example as a result of the misselling of a particular product, or through incorrect application of the terms and conditions of a particular product or in connection with a competition law infringement.
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Risk Factors
In particular, the FCA has operational objectives to protect consumers and to promote competition, and it is taking an interventionist approach in its increasing scrutiny of product terms and conditions and monitoring compliance with competition law. FSMA (as amended by the FS Act) gives the FCA the power to make temporary product intervention rules either to improve a firm's systems and controls in relation to product design, product management and implementation, or to address problems identified with products which may potentially cause significant detriment to consumers because of certain product features or firms' flawed governance and distribution strategies. Such rules may prevent firms from entering into product agreements with consumers until such problems have been rectified. Since April 2015 the FCA (and the PSR) also has concurrent competition law enforcement powers. This is in addition to the CMA, the UK's main competition authority, and the Commission which continue to have jurisdiction, respectively, to enforce competition law infringements in the UK or which have an effect on trade between EU Member States. Following a report by the National Audit Office, the CMA has stated it will seek to shift its focus toward enforcement of competition law breaches. As a result, the UK financial services sector now operates in an environment of heightened competition law scrutiny. Under the Financial Services Act 2010, the FCA also has the power to impose its own customer redress scheme on authorised firms, including us, if it considers that consumers have suffered loss or damage as a consequence of a regulatory failing, including misselling.
In recent years there has been FCA focus on the misselling of PPI. In November 2015, the FCA issued a consultation paper (CP15/39) outlining its proposed approach to PPI in light of the 2014 decision of the Supreme Court in Plevin v Paragon Personal Finance Ltd (Plevin) and its proposal to set a two year deadline for PPI claims. In Plevin, the Supreme Court ruled that a failure to disclose a large commission payment on a single premium PPI policy sold in connection with a secured personal loan made the relationship between the lender and the borrower unfair under section 140A of the Consumer Credit Act 1974 (CCA). We applied our interpretation of the proposed rules and guidance in CP15/39 to our assumptions, and made a £450m provision charge in December 2015, notwithstanding the ongoing nature of the consultation. New legislation was introduced in 2015 which has the effect of restricting the corporation tax deductibility for a large proportion of this cost (for more information see the risk factor entitled 'Changes in taxes and other assessments may adversely affect us').
In August 2016, the FCA issued feedback on CP15/39 and commenced a further consultation (CP16/20) on amendments to the proposed rules and guidance set out in CP15/39, addressing (among other things) the inclusion of profit share in the FCA's proposed approach to the assessment of fairness and redress and the extension of the deadline for making PPI-related complaints to the end of June 2019. In December 2016 we made an additional £114.2m provision charge, which represented our best estimate of the cost of future PPI complaints taking into account the FCA's proposals in CP16/20.
On 2 March 2017, the FCA published its policy statement (PS17/3) and final rules and guidance, confirming that there will be a two year deadline for PPI complaints, but that this will now take effect from 29 August 2017, with a consumer communications campaign to begin at this time also. The FCA's approach to Plevin/unfair relationships under s140A CCA remains largely as set out in CP16/20, so profit share is included in the FCA's approach to the assessment of fairness and redress. In addition, firms will now be required to write to customers whose misselling complaints were previously rejected, and who are within scope of s140A CCA, to inform them of their right to complain again in light of Plevin. The PPI provision was increased by a further £32.1m in March 2017 to take account of PS17/3 and the FCA's final rules and guidance. In June 2017, we made a further net charge of £37m, following a review of claims handling procedures in relation to a specific PPI portfolio including the impact of a past business review.
The ultimate financial impact on us of the claims arising from PPI complaints is still uncertain and will depend on a number of factors, including the impact of the Supreme Court's decision in Plevin, the implementation and application of the FCA's final rules and/or guidance arising set out in PS17/3, the outcome of the judicial review challenge against the FCA's final rules and guidance set out in PS17/3 by the claims management company "We Fight Any Claim", changes to FOS' approach to handling customer complaints (if any), the rate at which new complaints arise, the length of any complaints, the content and quality of the complaints (including the availability of supporting evidence) and the average uphold rates and redress costs. We can make no assurance that expenses associated with PPI complaints will not exceed the provisions made relating to these claims. More generally, we can make no assurance that estimates for potential liabilities, based on the key assumptions used, are correct, and the reserves taken as a result may prove inadequate. If additional expenses that exceed provisions for PPI liabilities or other provisions were to be incurred, these expenses could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and prospects.
For further information about the provisions for PPI complaint liabilities and other conduct remediation, see Note 15 to the Condensed Consolidated Interim Financial Statements. The above may be relevant to any future industry-wide misselling or other infringement that could affect our businesses. Any such issues may lead from time to time to: (i) significant costs or liabilities; and (ii) changes in the practices of such businesses which benefit customers at a cost to shareholders. Decisions taken by the FOS (or any equivalent overseas regulator that has jurisdiction) could, if applied to a wider class or grouping of customers, have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and prospects.
The Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Designated Consumer Bodies) Order 2013 (the Designated Consumer Bodies Order) was made on 16 December 2013 and came into force on 1 January 2014. The Designated Consumer Bodies Order designates the National Association of Citizens Advice Bureaux, the Consumers' Association, the General Consumer Council for Northern Ireland and the National Federation of Self Employed and Small Businesses as consumer bodies that may submit a 'super-complaint' to the FCA. A 'super-complaint' is a complaint made by any of these designated consumer bodies to the FCA on behalf of consumers of financial services where it considers that a feature, or a combination of features, of the market for financial services in the UK is seriously damaging the interests of these customers. Complaints about damage to the interests of individual consumers will continue to be dealt with by the FOS. If a 'super-complaint' were to be made against a Santander UK group entity by a designated consumer body under the Designated Consumer Bodies Order, any response published or action taken by the FCA could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and prospects.
Given the (i) requirement for compliance with an increasing volume of relevant law and regulation; (ii) more proactive regulatory intervention and enforcement and more punitive sanctions and penalties for infringement; (iii) inherent unpredictability of litigation; and (iv) evolution of the jurisdiction of FOS and related impacts, it is possible that related costs or liabilities could have a material adverse effect on our operating results, financial condition and prospects.
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Half Yearly Financial Report 2017 Other information for US investors
Competition with other financial institutions could adversely affect us
We face substantial competition in all parts of our business, including originating loans and attracting deposits through our banking subsidiaries. The competition in originating loans comes principally from other domestic and foreign banks, building societies, consumer finance companies, insurance companies and other lenders and purchasers of loans. The market for UK financial services is highly competitive and we face substantial competition in all parts of our business. As such, we constantly monitor competition, which arises from a number of financial institutions of different sizes and with a range of business models. Moreover, the financial crisis has and continues to reshape the banking landscape in the UK, reinforcing the importance of having a retail deposit funding base and being well capitalised. Our direct competitors have moved increasingly towards a policy of concentrating on the highest quality customers and there is strong competition for these customers.
Additionally, a large number of new entrants are increasingly entering the UK financial services market place. Again we identify and closely monitor this set of new entrants and take account of this in the firm's management actions. Their arrival has further intensified competition as they seek to gain market share in a number of banking sectors, including for example payments, investments, lending, foreign exchange and data aggregation. We also face competition from non-bank competitors, such as supermarkets, department stores, electronic money institutions and technology firms, and generally from other loan or credit providers. We also compete with the UK Government owned National Savings & Investments for deposits.
Further, the rise in customer use of internet and mobile banking platforms in recent years could negatively impact our investments in bank premises, equipment and personnel for our branch network. The persistence or acceleration of this shift in demand towards internet and mobile banking may necessitate changes to our retail distribution strategy, which may include closing and/or selling certain branches and restructuring our remaining branches and work force. These actions could lead to losses on these assets and may lead to increased expenditures to renovate, reconfigure or close a number of our remaining branches or to otherwise reform our retail distribution channel. Furthermore, our failure to swiftly and effectively implement such changes to our distribution strategy could have an adverse effect on our competitive position.
We expect competition to intensify in response to consumer demand, technological changes, the potential impact of consolidation, regulatory actions and other factors. For example, the Payment Services Directive II (PSD2) will open up access to customers' online account and payments data to third party providers. This will accelerate the digital disruption that is reshaping the financial services industry and enable the provision of entirely new types of services. There will be structural reform of the UK banking sector as banks implement the Banking Reform Act, which may lead to increased competition in UK Retail or wholesale banking activities. A strong political and regulatory will to foster consumer choice in financial services could lead to even greater competition (for more information, see the risk factor entitled 'We are subject to substantial regulation and government oversight which could adversely affect our business and operations'). There can be no assurance that this increased competition will not adversely affect our growth prospects, and therefore our operations.
If financial markets remain unstable, financial institution consolidation may continue (whether as a result of the UK Government taking ownership and control over other financial institutions in the UK or otherwise). Financial institution consolidation could also result from the UK Government's recent disposals of stakes in financial institutions it previously controlled and any future disposals of retained stakes in other financial institutions. Such consolidation, by increasing the size and capabilities of our competitors could adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and prospects. There can be no assurance that this will not adversely affect our growth prospects, and therefore our operations.
We consider competition in our management actions as appropriate, such as pricing and product decisions. Increasing competition could mean that we increase our rates offered on deposits or lower the rates we charge on loans, which could also have a material adverse effect on us, including our profitability. It may also negatively affect our business results and prospects by, among other things, limiting our ability to increase our customer base and expand our operations and increasing competition for investment opportunities.
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
Dated: 18 September 2017 By / s / Marc Boston
(Authorised Signatory)
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Exhibits
7.1 Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges for the six months ended 30 June 2017.1
1 Incorporated by reference into Registration Statement No. 333-213861 on Form F-3.
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Exhibit 7.1
Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
(i) Excluding interest on retail deposits
| Six months | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ended June 30 | Year ended December 31 | ||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | |
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| Profit on continuing operations before tax | 1,064 | 1,917 | 1,345 | 1,399 | 1,109 |
| Fixed charges: interest expense (B) (1) | 377 | 994 | 1,141 | 1,291 | 1,549 |
| Preference security dividend requirements of consolidated subsidiaries | — | (12) | — | — | — |
| Earnings before taxes and fixed charges (A) | 1,441 | 2,899 | 2,486 | 2,690 | 2,658 |
| Ratio of earnings to fixed charges (A/B) | 382 | 292 | 218 | 208 | 172 |
| Six months ended June 30 |
Year ended December 31 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017 £m |
2016 £m |
2015 £m |
2014 £m |
2013 £m |
|
| Profit on continuing operations before tax | 1,064 | 1,917 | 1,345 | 1,399 | 1,109 |
| Fixed charges: interest expense (B) (1) | 1,055 | 2,885 | 3,120 | 3,363 | 4,207 |
| Preference security dividend requirements of consolidated subsidiaries | — | (12) | — | — | — |
| Earnings before taxes and fixed charges (A) | 2,119 | 4,790 | 4,465 | 4,762 | 5,316 |
| Ratio of earnings to fixed charges (A/B) | 201 | 166 | 143 | 142 | 126 |
(1) Includes the amortisation of discounts and premiums on debt securities in issue.
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