Earnings Release • Jul 25, 2019
Earnings Release
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Increase in sales, recurring operating income (ROI) and free cash-flow:
Alexandre Bompard, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, declared: "Carrefour is showing a clear improvement in performance, half-year results are growing. This strong momentum is accompanied by an intensification of our transformation plan. We are multiplying concrete initiatives to better serve our customers: We are investing in prices to support their purchasing power, we are offering them a more extensive range of services and more innovative formats. To mark our commitment to ensuring that everyone has access to a healthy diet, we have made the food transition for all our raison d'être."
| H1 2019 KEY FIGURES (in €m) |
H1 20181 IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
H1 20191 IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
Variation | H1 2019 IFRS 5 post-IAS 29 post-IFRS 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales inc. VAT | 39,244 | 38,793 | +3.5% LFL | 38,849 |
| Recurring operating income (ROI) | 602 | 618 | +4.5%, +€27m (constant FX) |
624 |
| Recurring operating margin | 1.7% | 1.8% | +6bp | 1.8% |
| Adjusted net income, Group share | 135 | 179 | +€44m | 155 |
| Free cash-flow excl. exceptional items and discontinued operations |
(2,088) | (1,806) | +€282m | (1,350) |
| Net debt (incl. discontinued operations) | (5,970) | (5,958) | +€122m (constant FX) |
(5,958) |
Note: (1) IFRS 5 (China reclassified as discontinued operations), pre-IAS 29 (hyperinflation in Argentina) and pre-IFRS 16 (accounting for leases)
Carrefour's ambition to be the leader in the food transition for all, a pillar of the Carrefour 2022 transformation plan, is now included as a raison d'être in the Group's bylaws. This ambition takes form through new concrete actions:
Carrefour is implementing an international "Act for Change" program, making employees the main actors of the Group's transformation. The goal is to be simpler, more open and more collaborative. This program places the food transition and customer satisfaction at the center of each employee's actions and objectives.
Multiplication of initiatives to improve competitiveness: Carrefour is intensifying its efforts to better meet consumer needs and favor purchasing power.
Accelerating the overhaul of the hypermarket: Carrefour has systematized and internationalized the adaptation of hypermarkets in favor of more compact formats, specifically adapted to their catchment area.
Highlighting food expertise and significant adaptation of the non-food offer: The Group has undertaken the overhaul of its assortments, particularly in favor of Carrefour-branded products, which post positive sales momentum.
Accelerated deployment of the omnichannel ecosystem: Carrefour's strong digital investments resulted in another increase of more than +30% in e-commerce food sales in Q2 (excluding China).
Transformation of organizations: Within a profoundly revamped Carrefour ecosystem, the group has embarked on new initiatives to make its organizations more flexible and agile.
Operational efficiency and financial discipline: Carrefour is continuing its cost-saving drive across all geographies while strengthening the selectivity and productivity of its investments.
Carrefour China: Carrefour announced on June 25, 2019 the signing of an agreement to sell 80% of Carrefour China to the Chinese group Suning.com. This cash transaction values Carrefour China at an enterprise value of €1.4bn. The agreement provides liquidity windows for the residual stake of 20%.
Closing of the transaction is subject to approval by Chinese competition authorities and other customary conditions. It should be effective by the end of 2019.
The China operations have been accounted for as discontinued operations, as of January 1, 2019, in accordance with IFRS 5. The IFRS 5 standard provides that the classification as discontinued operations is also applied to the 2018 historical data for the income statement and cash-flow statement.
Cargo Property Assets: Carrefour announced on July 10, 2019, the signing of agreements to sell the entire capital of Cargo Property Assets to Argan, a listed property company specializing in logistics real estate. This transaction would be carried out under favorable conditions and would allow Carrefour to crystallize the value of the Cargo assets.
The transaction values the real estate assets held by Cargo Property Assets at €900m excluding transfer tax. Carrefour would receive a remuneration equivalent to about €290m for its 32% stake, about 80% of which in cash and 20% in Argan stock. Carrefour would thus hold about 5% of Argan's share capital.
The completion of the transaction is subject to the approval of Argan shareholders and other customary conditions. It should be effective by the end of 2019.
This transaction would contribute to achieving the objective to sell €500m of non-strategic real estate assets by 2020, as part of the Carrefour 2022 plan. At the end of July 2019, including Cargo, the Group has already concluded several transactions amounting to more than €490m.
The IAS 29 and IFRS 16 standards have been applied from July 1, 2018 and January 1, 2019 respectively. The H1 2018 accounts are therefore officially pre-IAS 29 and pre-IFRS 16, unlike the H1 2019 accounts which are post-IAS 29 and post-IFRS 16. For the sake of clarity and comparability, the comments on the income statement (IFRS 5) relate to pre-IAS 29 and pre-IFRS 16 data. Details of the income statement (IFRS 5) for H1 2019 post-IAS 29 and post-IFRS 16 are available in appendix of this press release.
On a like-for-like basis (LFL), second-quarter gross sales grew by +3.9%. Group sales inc. VAT amounted to €19,974m, an increase of +3.4% at constant exchange rates. After taking into account a -2.8% unfavorable exchange rate effect, mainly due to the depreciation of the Brazilian Real and the Argentine Peso, the total variation in sales at current exchange rates was +0.5%. A sequential acceleration in LFL growth can be observed in most geographies. In France and Europe, sales in June benefited from exceptional weather conditions in the last days of the month.
On a like-for-like basis (LFL), first-half gross sales grew by +3.5%. Group sales inc. VAT amounted to €38,793m, an increase of +2.1% at constant exchange rates. After taking into account an unfavorable -3.3% exchange rate effect, the total variation in sales at current exchange rates is -1.2%.
Gross margin stood at 22.0% of net sales. Price investments weighed on gross margin, while purchasing gains, lower logistics costs and the better performance of financial services enabled its stabilization.
Distribution costs represented 18.4% of net sales. They benefited from the cost reduction plan and included costs related to new stores and new customer services, notably in digital.
Group EBITDA reached €1,311m, i.e. a stable margin of 3.8%.
The Group's recurring operating income (ROI) amounted to €618m, up +€27m (+4.5%) at constant exchange rates (the currency effect is a negative -€11m, notably due to the depreciation of the Brazilian real). Operating margin is slightly up by +6bps to 1.8%.
In the first half of 2019, non-recurring income amounted to €(593)m. It notably reflects the costs related to the reorganization plans in the various countries for an amount of €342m, as well as €194m of other noncurrent items mainly related to provisions for tax litigation in Brazil.
Net income, Group share amounted to €(399)m and includes the following items:
Adjusted net income, Group share improved by €44m, to €179m vs €135m in H1 2018.
In a market that remains very competitive, sales in France in the first half were up +0.8% on a like-for-like basis vs H1 2018. The trend in the second quarter (+0.7% LFL) was broadly in line with the first quarter (+1.0% LFL). Performance in food (+1.9% LFL in Q2) was satisfactory, while non-food continued to be difficult (-7.1% LFL in Q2).
France's recurring operating income in H1 2019 was €116m, up +€6m (+5.3%), after three years of deterioration. This ROI improvement reflects:
In Europe excluding France, sales were down -0.7% on a like-for-like basis in H1 2019, reflecting a sequential improvement in trends in the second quarter (stable LFL in Q2 vs -1.5% in Q1) in most countries.
In Q2 2019, performance remained mixed between Western Europe (Spain, Italy, Belgium) and Eastern Europe (Poland and Romania):
Recurring operating income of the Europe excluding France zone amounted to €119m in H1 2019, compared with €152m in H1 2018. This drop reflected:
In Latin America, sales in the first half were up +15.2% on a like-for-like basis (+15.9% in Q2), reflecting strong commercial momentum.
In Brazil, Q2 sales were up +12.9% at constant exchange rates, including sustained +7.7% like-for-like growth, and a +5.3% contribution from openings. Food inflation has been slowing since May.
Atacadão's LFL growth improved sequentially to +7.6% in Q2 compared to +6.8% in Q1. The Group opened 5 new Atacadão in Q2 (+9 in H1)
In Argentina, where LFL growth reached +50.5% in Q2 2019, the transformation plan continues to bear fruit. Beyond high food inflation in the country, Carrefour posted an improvement in traffic and volumes. A new country CEO arrived in July 2019.
At constant exchange rates, Latin America's recurring operating income increased by +€61m (+19.2%) in H1. Recurring operating income reached €368m and was up in both countries.
The Asia zone corresponds to Carrefour Taiwan's activity, given China's classification as discontinued operations under IFRS 5.
Taiwan's H1 2019 sales increased +0.8% LFL, reflecting a return to growth in the second quarter (+3.0% LFL).
At constant exchange rates, Asia's recurring operating income increased +8.7%. ROI reached to €41m, i.e. an improvement of +23bp in operating margin, at 4.2%.
H1 2019 cash-flow statement (IFRS 5) is pre application of IAS 29 and IFRS 16 standards. Details of the cashflow statement (IFRS 5) for H1 2019 post-IAS 29 and post-IFRS 16 are available in appendix of this press release.
In the first half of 2019, the Group posted an improvement in free cash-flow adjusted for exceptional items and discontinued operations of +€282m, from €(2,088)m to €(1,806)m.
Free cash-flow was slightly down by -€43m at €(2,262)m, notably impacted by €269m exceptional cash-outs in H1 2019 linked to the reorganization plans in various countries.
H1 2019 balance sheet is post application of IFRS 5, IAS 29 and IFRS 16 standards.
Net financial debt (including discontinued operations) was stable at €(5,958)m at June 30, 2019, vs €(5,970)m in June 30, 2018.
Since January 1, 2019, Carrefour has applied IFRS 16, which concerns the principles of accounting for leases, and replaces IAS 17 - Leases and its interpretations. The Group opted for the simplified retrospective approach. Thus, the 2018 Consolidated Financial Statements will not be restated. The consolidated financial statements for the first half of 2019 have been established in accordance with IFRS 16 accounting rules.
The Group recognized an IFRS 16 lease liability of €4.3bn (excluding China) and an IFRS 16 right-of-use asset of €4.2bn (excluding China), at June 30, 2019.
Following the decision of the Shareholders' Meeting of June 14, 2019, shareholders were given the option of receiving the €0.46 per share dividend in cash or in Group shares. At the end of the option period ended July 5, 2019, shareholders having elected to receive the 2018 dividend payment in shares represented 70.44% of Carrefour's shares. Of the €359m in dividends, €106m was paid in cash on July 11, 2019 and €253m was paid in the form of 17,096,567 new shares.
In May 2019, Carrefour issued bonds in the amount of €500m with an eight-year maturity. The success of this operation, largely over-subscribed, attests to the strong confidence of bond investors in Carrefour's signature. Following this transaction and the €1,000m bond redemption in May 2019, the maturity of the debt was extended to 3.9 years in June 2019, compared to 3.6 years in December 2018.
In addition, Carrefour successfully amended and extended two credit facilities for a total amount of €3.9bn, incorporating an innovative Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) component, thus completing the first CSR-based bank credit operation in the European retail sector.
Carrefour benefits from a solid balance sheet. This is an important asset in the context of the fast-changing food retail sector.
At June 30, 2019, the Group was rated Baa1 negative outlook by Moody's and BBB stable outlook by Standard & Poor's.
Carrefour is confident in the ongoing transformation momentum. It will continue in the second half in an uncertain macroeconomic and market environment.
Carrefour reaffirms its ambitions and confirms the financial targets of the Carrefour 2022 plan:
Operational targets are also confirmed:
The Board of Directors of Carrefour met on July 25, 2019 under the chairmanship of Mr. Alexandre Bompard and approved the condensed consolidated financial statements for the first half of 2019. These accounts have been reviewed by the statutory auditors.
Investor Relations Selma Bekhechi, Anthony Guglielmo and Antoine Parison Tel: +33 (0)1 64 50 79 81
Shareholder Relations Tel: 0 805 902 902 (toll-free in France) Group Communication Tel: +33 (0)1 58 47 88 80
On June 23, 2019, the Group signed an agreement to sell 80% of its subsidiary Carrefour China. This agreement will result in the loss of control of the subsidiary if the conditions precedent are lifted.
As of June 30, 2019, all the assets and liabilities of this subsidiary fall within the scope of IFRS 5 and have been reclassified as held for sale.
In addition, Carrefour China is considered as a discontinued operation in accordance with the provisions of IFRS 5. As a result:
Carrefour announced on July 10, 2019 the signing of agreements to sell the entire capital of Cargo Property Assets to Argan, a listed property company specializing in logistics real estate. Cargo's property, plant and equipment have been reclassified as assets held for sale from April 1, 2019.
IFRS 16, which replaces IAS 17 – Leases and the related interpretations as from January 1, 2019, sets out the principles for recognizing leases and introduces major changes in the accounting for leases by lessees, since it eliminates the distinction for lessees between operating and finance leases.
Under IFRS 16, all leases are to be brought onto the statement of financial position by recognizing a right-of-use asset and a lease liability corresponding to the present value of the lease payments due over the reasonably certain term of the lease. IFRS 16 therefore affects the presentation of lease transactions in the income statement (with rental expense replaced by a depreciation expense and interest expense) and in the statement of cash flows (lease payments, representing payment of interest and repayment of the outstanding liability, will impact financing cash flows).
The Group has opted for the simplified retrospective approach as of January 1, 2019. Thus, the first half and full year 2018 consolidated financial statements are not restated. The consolidated financial statements for the first half of 2019 have been established in accordance with IFRS 16 accounting rules.
In Argentina, the cumulative inflation rate over the last three years is greater than 100%, according to a combination of indices used to measure the country's inflation (inflation of wholesale prices and consumer prices having exceeded the 100% threshold), and no significant decrease in inflation is expected in 2019 in a context in which, moreover, the Argentine peso has depreciated.
As a result, the criteria of the IAS 29 norm are fulfilled and according to a consensus shared by the AMF and ESMA, Argentina is considered a hyperinflationary economy within the meaning of IFRS as of July 1, 2018.
| Sales incl. VAT (€m) | 2018(1) | LFL(2) | Calendar | Openings | Scope and others(3) |
Petrol | 2019 at constant rates |
Forex | 2019 at current rates |
IAS 29(4) | 2019 at current rates post-IAS 29 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | 19,378 | +3.2% | -1.7% | +1.3% | -0.8% | -1.1% | +0.9% | -3.7% | 18,819 | -29 | 18,789 |
| Q2 | 19,866 | +3.9% | +1.0% | +1.2% | -0.8% | -1.7% | +3.4% | -2.8% | 19,974 | 87 | 20,061 |
| H1 | 39,244 | +3.5% | -0.3% | +1.2% | -0.8% | -1.4% | +2.1% | -3.3% | 38,793 | 56 | 38,849 |
Notes: (1) restated for IFRS 5; (2) excluding petrol and calendar effects and at constant exchange rates; (3) including transfers; (4) hyperinflation and currencies
| By quarter | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 2017 | Q2 2017 | Q3 2017 | Q4 2017 | Q1 2018 | Q2 2018 | Q3 2018 | Q4 2018 | Q1 2019 | Q2 2019 |
| +2.1% | +3.4% | +0.8% | +2.2% | +0.9% | +1.4% | +2.5% | +2.4% | +3.2% | +3.9% |
| Half-year | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H1 2017 | H2 2017 | H1 2018 | H2 2018 | H1 2019 |
| +2.8% | +1.5% | +1.1% | +2.4% | +3.5% |
The Group's sales amounted to €19,974m pre-IAS 29. Foreign exchange had an unfavorable impact in the second quarter of -2.8%, largely due to the depreciation of the Argentine Peso and the Brazilian Real. Petrol had an unfavorable impact of -1.7%. The calendar effect was a favorable +1.0%. The effect of openings was a favorable +1.2%. The impact of the application of IAS 29 was +€87m.
| Sales inc. | Variation ex petrol ex calendar |
Total variation inc. petrol |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAT (€m) |
LFL | Organic | at current exchange rates |
at constant exchange rates |
||
| France | 9,715 | +0.7% | -0.5% | -1.6% | -1.6% | |
| Hypermarkets | 4,949 | -1.1% | -1.8% | -1.5% | -1.5% | |
| Supermarkets | 3,259 | +2.5% | +0.1% | -1.0% | -1.0% | |
| Convenience / other formats | 1,508 | +2.7% | +2.6% | -2.9% | -2.9% | |
| Other countries | 10,259 | +6.4% | +7.6% | +2.6% | +8.3% | |
| Other European countries | 5,722 | +0.0% | -0.4% | +0.6% | +0.9% | |
| Spain | 2,317 | -0.0% | -0.1% | +0.4% | +0.4% | |
| Italy | 1,293 | -2.2% | -4.0% | -2.2% | -2.2% | |
| Belgium | 1,029 | -1.6% | -3.3% | -2.8% | -2.8% | |
| Poland | 534 | +5.7% | +5.3% | +8.1% | +8.7% | |
| Romania | 549 | +3.8% | +8.2% | +8.3% | +10.5% | |
| Latin America (pre-IAS 29) | 4,066 | +15.9% | +19.5% | +5.2% | +19.6% | |
| Brazil | 3,471 | +7.7% | +12.7% | +10.0% | +12.9% | |
| Argentina (pre-IAS 29) | 595 | +50.5% | +47.6% | -15.9% | +48.8% | |
| Asia | 470 | +3.0% | +4.7% | +5.6% | +4.1% | |
| Taïwan | 470 | +3.0% | +4.7% | +5.6% | +4.1% | |
| Group total (pre-IAS 29) | 19,974 | +3.9% | +3.9% | +0.5% | +3.4% | |
| IAS 29(1) | 87 | |||||
| Group total (post-IAS 29) | 20,061 |
Variations excluding the calendar and petrol effects and total variations including petrol are presented in relation to 2018 sales restated for IFRS 5.
Note: (1) hyperinflation and foreign exchange
The Group's sales amounted to €38,793m pre-IAS 29. Foreign exchange had an unfavorable impact of -3.3% in the first half of the year, largely due to the depreciation of the Argentine Peso and the Brazilian Real. Petrol had an unfavorable -1.4% impact. The calendar effect was virtually neutral at -0.3%. The effect of openings was a favorable +1.2%. The impact of the application of IAS 29 was +€56m.
| Sales inc. | Variation ex petrol ex calendar |
Total variation inc. petrol |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAT (€m) |
LFL | Organic | at current exchange rates |
at constant exchange rates |
||
| France | 18,750 | +0.8% | -0.2% | -2.4% | -2.4% | |
| Hypermarkets | 9,608 | -0.5% | -1.0% | -2.4% | -2.4% | |
| Supermarkets | 6,262 | +2.0% | -0.3% | -2.0% | -2.0% | |
| Convenience / other formats | 2,880 | +2.7% | +2.5% | -3.1% | -3.1% | |
| Other countries | 20,043 | +5.7% | +6.9% | +0.0% | +6.5% | |
| Other European countries | 11,080 | -0.7% | -1.1% | -1.3% | -1.0% | |
| Spain | 4,478 | -1.4% | -1.2% | -0.7% | -0.7% | |
| Italy | 2,508 | -3.0% | -4.8% | -4.9% | -4.9% | |
| Belgium | 2,015 | -1.0% | -2.6% | -3.1% | -3.1% | |
| Poland | 1,028 | +4.4% | +4.0% | +2.3% | +4.0% | |
| Romania | 1,051 | +3.6% | +7.6% | +5.8% | +7.8% | |
| Latin America (pre-IAS 29) | 7,946 | +15.2% | +18.8% | +1.3% | +17.6% | |
| Brazil | 6,777 | +7.2% | +12.0% | +5.6% | +10.9% | |
| Argentina (pre-IAS 29) | 1,169 | +49.9% | +47.4% | -17.9% | +47.7% | |
| Asia | 1,017 | +0.8% | +2.4% | +5.0% | +2.8% | |
| Taïwan | 1,017 | +0.8% | +2.4% | +5.0% | +2.8% | |
| Group total (pre-IAS 29) | 38,793 | +3.5% | +3.7% | -1.2% | +2.1% | |
| IAS 29(1) | 56 | |||||
| Group total (post-IAS 29) | 38,849 |
Variations excluding the calendar and petrol effects and total variations including petrol are presented in relation to 2018 sales restated for IFRS 5.
Note: (1) hyperinflation and foreign exchange
| (in €m) | H1 2018 reported pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
IFRS 5 China impact |
H1 2018(1) IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
IAS 29 impact |
H1 2018 IFRS 5 post-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross sales inc. VAT | 41,439 | (2,195) | 39,244 | (250) | 38,994 |
| Net sales | 37,071 | (1,924) | 35,147 | (200) | 34,947 |
| Net sales, net of loyalty program costs | 36,728 | (1,867) | 34,861 | (200) | 34,662 |
| Other revenue | 1,309 | (110) | 1,199 | (4) | 1,195 |
| Total revenue | 38,037 | (1,977) | 36,060 | (204) | 35,856 |
| Cost of goods sold | (29,816) | 1,492 | (28,324) | 143 | (28,181) |
| Gross margin | 8,221 | (485) | 7,736 | (61) | 7,675 |
| As a % of net sales | 22.2% | 22.0% | 22.0% | ||
| SG&A | (6,884) | 440 | (6,444) | 62 | (6,382) |
| As a % of net sales | 18.6% | 18.3% | 18.3% | ||
| Recurring operating income before D&A (EBITDA)(2) | 1,373 | (45) | 1,328 | 1 | 1,329 |
| EBITDA margin | 3.7% | 3.8% | 3.8% | ||
| Depreciation and amortization | (740) | 50 | (690) | (2) | (692) |
| Recurring operating income (ROI) | 597 | 5 | 602 | (1) | 601 |
| Recurring operating margin | 1.6% | 1.7% | 1.7% | ||
| Income from associates and joint ventures | (6) | - | (6) | - | (6) |
| Recurring operating income including income from associates and joint ventures | 591 | 5 | 596 | (1) | 595 |
| Non-recurring income and expenses | (785) | 20 | (765) | 13 | (752) |
| Operating income | (194) | 25 | (169) | 12 | (157) |
| Financial expense | (149) | 2 | (147) | 18 | (129) |
| Finance costs, net | (121) | 2 | (119) | 5 | (113) |
| Net interests related to leases commitment | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other financial income and expenses | (28) | (0) | (28) | 13 | (16) |
| Income before taxes | (342) | 27 | (316) | 30 | (286) |
| Income tax expense | (179) | 5 | (173) | (2) | (176) |
| Net income from continuing operations | (521) | 32 | (489) | 28 | (462) |
| Net income from discontinued operations | (229) | (32) | (261) | - | (261) |
| Net income | (750) | - | (750) | 28 | (722) |
| of which Net income, Group share | (861) | - | (861) | 29 | (833) |
| of which Net income from continuing operations, Group share | (633) | 30 | (603) | 29 | (574) |
| of which Net income from discontinued operations, Group share | (229) | (30) | (259) | - | (259) |
| of which Net income, Non-controlling interests | 112 | - | 112 | (1) | 111 |
| of which Net income from continuing operations, Non-controlling interests | 112 | 2 | 113 | (1) | 112 |
| of which Net income from discontinued operations, Non-controlling interests | - | (2) | (2) | 0 | (2) |
| Net Income, Group share, adjusted for exceptional items | 131 | 4 | 135 | 15 | 150 |
| Depreciation from supply chain (in COGS) | (36) | - | (36) | - | (36) |
Note: (1) H1 2018 IFRS consolidated accounts; (2) Recurring EBITDA excludes depreciation from supply chain activities which is booked in cost of goods sold and excludes non-recurring items
| (in €m) | H1 2019 IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
IFRS 16 impact |
IAS 29 impact |
H1 2019(1) IFRS 5 post-IAS 29 post-IFRS 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross sales inc. tax | 38,793 | - | 56 | 38,849 |
| Net sales | 34,841 | - | 44 | 34,885 |
| Net sales, net of loyalty program costs | 34,505 | - | 44 | 34,549 |
| Other revenue | 1,227 | (24) | 1 | 1,204 |
| Total revenue | 35,732 | (24) | 45 | 35,752 |
| Cost of goods sold | (28,054) | 4 | (37) | (28,086) |
| Gross margin | 7,678 | (20) | 8 | 7,667 |
| As a % of net sales | 22.0% | 22.0% | ||
| SG&A | (6,397) | 395 | (13) | (6,015) |
| As a % of net sales | 18.4% | 17.2% | ||
| Recurring operating income before D&A (EBITDA)(2) | 1,311 | 464 | (4) | 1,770 |
| EBITDA margin | 3.8% | 5.1% | ||
| Depreciation and amortization | (664) | (353) | (12) | (1,029) |
| Recurring operating income (ROI) | 618 | 23 | (17) | 624 |
| Recurring operating margin | 1.8% | 1.8% | ||
| Income from associates and joint ventures | (1) | - | - | (1) |
| Recurring operating income including income from associates and joint ventures | 616 | 23 | (17) | 622 |
| Non-recurring income and expenses | (593) | (2) | (16) | (610) |
| Operating income | 23 | 21 | (33) | 12 |
| Financial expense | (129) | (64) | 28 | (165) |
| Finance costs, net | (108) | - | (4) | (112) |
| Net interests related to leases commitment | (8) | (60) | 8 | (60) |
| Other financial income and expenses | (13) | (4) | 24 | 7 |
| Income before taxes | (106) | (43) | (5) | (153) |
| Income tax expense | (193) | - | 2 | (192) |
| Net income from continuing operations | (299) | (43) | (4) | (345) |
| Net income from discontinued operations | (23) | (22) | - | (45) |
| Net income | (322) | (64) | (4) | (390) |
| of which Net income, Group share | (399) | (57) | (2) | (458) |
| of which Net income from continuing operations, Group share | (373) | (40) | (2) | (415) |
| of which Net income from discontinued operations, Group share | (26) | (18) | - | (43) |
| of which Net income, Non-controlling interests | 77 | (7) | (2) | 68 |
| of which Net income from continuing operations, Non-controlling interests | 74 | (3) | (2) | 70 |
| of which Net income from discontinued operations, Non-controlling interests | 3 | (4) | - | (2) |
| Net Income, Group share, adjusted for exceptional items | 179 | (30) | 6 | 155 |
| Depreciation from supply chain (in COGS) | (30) | (88) | 0 | (118) |
Notes: (1) H1 2019 IFRS consolidated accounts; (2) Recurring EBITDA excludes depreciation from supply chain activities which is booked in cost of goods sold and excludes non-recurring items
| (in €m) | 2018 reported pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
IAS 29 impact |
2018 reported post-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
IFRS 5 China impact |
2018(1) IFRS 5 post-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gross sales inc. VAT | 85,164 | (248) | 84,916 | (4,144) | 80,772 |
| Net sales | 76,199 | (198) | 76,000 | (3,646) | 72,355 |
| Net sales, net of loyalty program costs | 75,459 | (198) | 75,261 | (3,532) | 71,728 |
| Other revenue | 2,658 | (2) | 2,656 | (219) | 2,438 |
| Total revenue | 78,117 | (200) | 77,917 | (3,751) | 74,166 |
| Cost of goods sold | (60,985) | 136 | (60,850) | 2,838 | (58,012) |
| Gross margin | 17,131 | (64) | 17,067 | (913) | 16,154 |
| As a % of net sales | 22.5% | 22.5% | 22.3% | ||
| SG&A | (13,719) | 51 | (13,668) | 847 | (12,821) |
| As a % of net sales | 18.0% | 18.0% | 17.7% | ||
| Recurring operating income before D&A (EBITDA) (2) | 3,481 | (14) | 3,469 | (66) | 3,403 |
| EBITDA margin | 4.6% | 4.6% | 4.7% | ||
| Depreciation and amortization | (1,474) | (20) | (1,494) | 99 | (1,395) |
| Recurring operating income (ROI) | 1,938 | (33) | 1,905 | 32 | 1,937 |
| Recurring operating margin | 2.5% | 2.5% | 2.7% | ||
| Income from associates and joint ventures | 14 | - | 14 | - | 14 |
| Recurring operating income including income from associates and joint ventures | 1,952 | (33) | 1,919 | 32 | 1,952 |
| Non-recurring income and expenses | (1,159) | (2) | (1,161) | 32 | (1,129) |
| Operating income | 793 | (35) | 758 | 64 | 823 |
| Financial expense | (318) | 56 | (262) | 4 | (258) |
| Finance costs, net | (233) | 0 | (233) | 5 | (228) |
| Net interests related to leases commitment | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other financial income and expenses | (85) | 56 | (29) | (0) | (30) |
| Income before taxes | 475 | 21 | 496 | 69 | 565 |
| Income tax expense | (537) | (2) | (539) | 10 | (529) |
| Net income from continuing operations | (62) | 19 | (43) | 79 | 36 |
| Net income from discontinued operations | (301) | - | (301) | (79) | (380) |
| Net income | (363) | 19 | (344) | 0 | (344) |
| of which Net income, Group share | (582) | 21 | (561) | (0) | (561) |
| of which Net income from continuing operations, Group share | (280) | 21 | (259) | 72 | (187) |
| of which Net income from discontinued operations, Group share | (301) | - | (301) | (72) | (373) |
| of which Net income, Non-controlling interests | 219 | (2) | 216 | - | 216 |
| of which Net income from continuing operations, Non-controlling interests | 219 | (2) | 216 | 7 | 223 |
| of which Net income from discontinued operations, Non-controlling interests | - | - | - | (7) | (7) |
| Net Income, Group share, adjusted for exceptional items | 779 | 23 | 802 | 31 | 833 |
| Depreciation from supply chain (in COGS) | (69) | (1) | (70) | - | (70) |
Notes: (1) FY 2018 IFRS consolidated accounts; (2) Recurring EBITDA excludes depreciation from supply chain activities which is booked in cost of goods sold and excludes non-recurring items
| Net sales | Recurring operating income | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (in €m) | H1 2018 IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
H1 2019 IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
Variation at constant exchange rates |
Variation at current exchange rates |
H1 2018 IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
H1 2019 IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
Variation at constant exchange rates |
Variation at current exchange rates |
||
| France | 17,150 | 16,789 | (2.1%) | (2.1%) | 110 | 116 | 5.3% | 5.3% | ||
| Europe (ex-France) | 10,093 | 9,988 | (0.7%) | (1.0%) | 152 | 119 | (21.6%) | (21.5%) | ||
| Latin America | 6,976 | 7,090 | 16.8% | 1.6% | 319 | 368 | 19.2% | 15.3% | ||
| Asia | 927 | 974 | 2.8% | 5.0% | 37 | 41 | 8.7% | 11.0% | ||
| International | 17,996 | 18,052 | 6.2% | 0.3% | 508 | 528 | 6.3% | 4.0% | ||
| Global functions | (16) | (26) | 67.8% | 66.5% | ||||||
| TOTAL | 35,147 | 34,841 | 2.2% | (0.9%) | 602 | 618 | 4.5% | 2.6% |
| Net sales Recurring operating income |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (in €m) | H1 2018 IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
H1 2019 IFRS 5 post-IAS 29 post-IFRS 16 |
Variation at constant exchange rates |
Variation at current exchange rates |
H1 2018 IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
H1 2019 IFRS 5 post-IAS 29 post-IFRS 16 |
Variation at constant exchange rates |
Variation at current exchange rates |
| France | 17,150 | 16,789 | (2.1%) | (2.1%) | 110 | 120 | 9.2% | 9.2% |
| Europe (ex-France) | 10,093 | 9,988 | (0.7%) | (1.0%) | 152 | 126 | (17.3%) | (17.3%) |
| Latin America | 6,976 | 7,134 | 18.7% | 2.3% | 319 | 362 | 14.1% | 13.5% |
| Asia | 927 | 974 | 2.8% | 5.0% | 37 | 40 | 6.4% | 8.7% |
| International | 17,996 | 18,096 | 7.0% | 0.6% | 508 | 528 | 4.1% | 3.9% |
| Global functions | (16) | (25) | 58.4% | 57.1% | ||||
| TOTAL | 35,147 | 34,885 | 2.5% | (0.7%) | 602 | 624 | 3.6% | 3.6% |
1 H1 2019 IFRS consolidated accounts
| (in €m) | H1 2018(1) IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
H1 2019 IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
Variation at constant exchange rates |
Variation at current exchange rates |
H1 2019(1) IFRS 5 post-IAS 29 post-IFRS 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net Sales | 35,147 | 34,841 | +2.2% | (0.9%) | 34,885 |
| Net sales, net of loyalty program costs | 34,861 | 34,505 | +2.0% | (1.0%) | 34,549 |
| Other revenue | 1,199 | 1,227 | +5.7% | +2.3% | 1,204 |
| Total revenue | 36,060 | 35,732 | +2.2% | (0.9%) | 35,752 |
| Cost of goods sold | (28,324) | (28,054) | +2.0% | (1.0%) | (28,086) |
| Gross margin | 7,736 | 7,678 | +2.9% | (0.8%) | 7,667 |
| As a % of net sales | 22.0% | 22.0% | +16bp | +3bp | 22.0% |
| SG&A | (6,444) | (6,397) | +3.4% | (0.7%) | (6,015) |
| As a % of net sales | 18.3% | 18.4% | +22bp | +3bp | 17.2% |
| Recurring operating income before D&A (EBITDA)(2) | 1,328 | 1,311 | +0.3% | (1.3%) | 1,770 |
| EBITDA margin | 3.8% | 3.8% | (7bp) | (2bp) | 5.1% |
| Depreciation and amortization | (690) | (664) | (2.5%) | (3.8%) | (1,029) |
| Recurring operating income (ROI) | 602 | 618 | +4.5% | +2.6% | 624 |
| Recurring operating margin | 1.7% | 1.8% | +4bp | +6bp | 1.8% |
| Income from associates and joint ventures | (6) | (1) | (10.4%) | (75.6%) | (1) |
| Recurring operating income including income from associates and joint ventures |
596 | 616 | +4.6% | +3.4% | 622 |
| Non-recurring income and expenses | (765) | (593) | (610) | ||
| Operating income | (169) | 23 | 12 | ||
| Financial expense | (147) | (129) | (165) | ||
| Finance costs, net | (119) | (108) | (112) | ||
| Net interests related to leases commitment | - | (8) | (60) | ||
| Other financial income and expenses | (28) | (13) | 7 | ||
| Income before taxes | (316) | (106) | (153) | ||
| Income tax expense | (173) | (193) | (192) | ||
| Net income from continuing operations | (489) | (299) | (345) | ||
| Net income from discontinued operations | (261) | (23) | (45) | ||
| Net income | (750) | (322) | (390) | ||
| of which Net income, Group share | (861) | (399) | (458) | ||
| of which continuing operations | (603) | (373) | (415) | ||
| of which discontinued operations | (259) | (26) | (43) | ||
| of which Net income, Non-controlling interests | 112 | 77 | 68 | ||
| of which continuing operations | 113 | 74 | 70 | ||
| of which discontinued operations | (2) | 3 | (2) | ||
| Net Income, Group share, adjusted for exceptional items | 135 | 179 | 155 | ||
| Depreciation from supply chain (in COGS) | (36) | (30) | (118) |
Notes: (1) IFRS consolidated accounts; (2) Recurring EBITDA excludes depreciation from supply chain activities which is booked in cost of goods sold and excludes non-recurring items
| pre-IFRS 16 post-IFRS 16 ASSETS Intangible assets 9,365 9,410 Tangible assets 12,376 11,311 Financial investments 1,283 1,443 Deferred tax assets 737 770 Investment properties 383 312 Right-of-use asset - 4,226 Consumer credit from financial-service companies - Long-term 2,468 2,406 Other non-current assets 1,714 1,755 Non-current assets 28,327 31,633 Inventories 6,301 5,848 Trade receivables 2,756 2,752 Consumer credit from financial-service companies - Short-term 3,434 4,163 Tax receivables 859 895 Other assets 939 884 Current financial assets 202 316 Cash and cash equivalents 1,993 1,522 Current assets 16,484 16,380 Assets held for sale 61 2,452 TOTAL 44,872 50,465 LIABILITIES Shareholders' equity, Group share 8,439 8,277 Minority interests in consolidated companies 1,954 2,157 Shareholders' equity 10,393 10,434 Deferred tax liabilities 474 598 Provision for contingencies 3,747 3,991 Borrowings - Long-term 6,350 6,215 Lease liabilities - Long-term - 3,495 Bank loans refinancing - Long-term 2,347 1,878 Non-current liabilities 12,918 16,178 Borrowings - Short-term 2,100 1,624 Lease liabilities - Short-term - 822 Trade payables 12,373 11,619 Bank loans refinancing - Short-term 3,046 3,975 Tax payables and others 1,161 996 Other debts 2,872 2,773 Current liabilities 21,552 21,808 Liabilities related to assets held for sale 9 2,046 |
(in €m) | June 30, 2018 pre-IAS 29 |
June 30, 2019 IFRS 5 post-IAS 29 |
|---|---|---|---|
| TOTAL | 44,872 | 50,465 |
| (in €m) | H1 2018 IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
H1 2019 IFRS 5 post-IAS 29 post-IFRS 16 |
|---|---|---|
| NET DEBT AT OPENING | (3,425)1 | (3,510) |
| Gross cash flow (continuing operations) | 925 | 1,263 |
| Change in working capital | (2,289) | (2,159) |
| Impact of discontinued operations | (60) | (9) |
| Cash flow from operations | (1,423) | (904) |
| Capital expenditure | (547) | (628) |
| Change in net payables to fixed assets suppliers | (249) | (196) |
| Net asset disposals | 38 | 62 |
| Impact of discontinued operations | (38) | (23) |
| Free cash flow | (2,219) | (1,689) |
| Free cash flow excluding exceptional items and discontinued operations | (2,088) | (1,350) |
| Financial investments | (158) | (73) |
| Proceeds from disposals of subsidiaries | 14 | 74 |
| Others | (22) | (59) |
| Impact of discontinued operations | 5 | 1 |
| Cash flow after investments | (2,380) | (1,746) |
| Capital increase | 36 | 45 |
| Dividends paid | (31) | (60) |
| Acquisition/disposal of investments without change in control | - | - |
| Treasury shares | 42 | - |
| Cost of net financial debt | (109) | (112) |
| Operating leases payment incl. interests | (24) | (496) |
| Others | (79) | (79) |
| NET DEBT AT CLOSE | (5,970) | (5,958) |
Note: (1) Adjustments linked to the first application of the IFRS9 standard – Financial instruments as of January 1, 2018
| (in €m) | H1 2018(1) IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
H1 2019 IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
Variation | IFRS 16 impact |
IAS 29 impact |
H1 2019(1) IFRS 5 post-IAS 29 post-IFRS 16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EBITDA | 1,328 | 1,311 | (17) | 463 | (4) | 1,770 |
| Income tax paid | (236) | (231) | 5 | (231) | ||
| Financial result (excl. cost of debt and interest related to leases obligations) |
(28) | (13) | 15 | 20 | 7 | |
| Cash impact of restructuring items | (92) | (269) | (177) | (5) | (274) | |
| Others | (48) | (9) | 38 | (9) | ||
| Gross cash-flow (excl. discontinued) | 925 | 789 | (135) | 463 | 11 | 1,263 |
| Change in working capital | (2,289) | (2,146) | 143 | (2) | (10) | (2,158) |
| Discontinued operations | (60) | (126) | (66) | 117 | (9) | |
| Operating cash-flow (incl. exceptional items and discontinued) | (1,423) | (1,482) | (59) | 577 | 1 | (904) |
| Capital expenditure | (547) | (628) | (81) | (628) | ||
| Change in net payables to fixed asset suppliers | (283) | (183) | 100 | (183) | ||
| Net asset disposals (business-related) | 73 | 54 | (18) | (5) | 50 | |
| Discontinued operations | (38) | (23) | 14 | (23) | ||
| Free cash-flow | (2,219) | (2,262) | (43) | 573 | 1 | (1,689) |
| Free cash-flow from continuing operations, excl. exceptional items | (2,088) | (1,806) | 282 | 456 | 1 | (1,350) |
| Operating leases payment (incl. interests) (financial lease IAS 17) | (21) | (24) | (3) | (24) | ||
| Operating leases payment (incl. interests) net of financial sub-lease payment received |
n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | (456) | 8 | (448) |
| Cost of debt | (109) | (108) | 1 | (4) | (112) | |
| Net free cash-flow | (2,349) | (2,394) | (45) | 116 | 5 | (2,273) |
| Net free cash-flow from continuing operations, excl. exceptional items |
(2,218) | (1,938) | 280 | (1) | 5 | (1,934) |
| Exceptional items and discontinued operations(2) | 131 | 456 | 325 | (117) | 339 |
Notes: (1) IFRS consolidated accounts; (2) Discontinued operations, restructuring, Cargo capex cashed out (€38m in H1 2018 and €29m in H1 2019) and others
| (in €m) | Total shareholders' equity |
Shareholders' equity, Group share |
Minority interests |
|---|---|---|---|
| At December 31, 2018 | 11,286 | 9,169 | 2,117 |
| Adjustments linked to the first-time application of IFRS 16 |
(9) | (9) | - |
| At January 1, 2019 | 11,278 | 9,161 | 2,117 |
| Total net income over the period | (424) | (508) | 84 |
| Dividends | (405) | (359) | (46) |
| Impact of scope and others | (15) | (17) | 3 |
| At June 30, 2019 | 10,434 | 8,277 | 2,157 |
| H1 2018 | H1 2019 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (in €m) | reported pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
IFRS 5 post-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
IFRS 5 pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
IFRS 5 post-IAS 29 post-IFRS 16 |
| Net income, Group share | (861) | (861) | (833) | (399) | (458) |
| Restatement for non-recurring income and expenses (before tax) | 785 | 765 | 752 | 593 | 610 |
| Restatement for exceptional items in net financial expenses | 6 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 10 |
| Tax impact1 | (19) | (26) | (26) | 16 | 16 |
| Restatement on share of income from companies consolidated by the equity method |
6 | 6 | 6 | - | - |
| Restatement on share of income from minorities | (14) | (14) | (14) | (67) | (67) |
| Restatement for net income of discontinued operations, Group share | 229 | 259 | 259 | 26 | 43 |
| Adjusted net income, Group share | 131 | 135 | 150 | 179 | 155 |
| 2018 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| (in €m) | reported pre-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
IFRS 5 post-IAS 29 pre-IFRS 16 |
|
| Net income, Group share | (561) | (561) | |
| Restatement for non-recurring income and expenses (before tax) | 1,161 | 1,129 | |
| Restatement for exceptional items in net financial expenses | 48 | 48 | |
| Tax impact1 | (43) | (68) | |
| Restatement on share of income from companies consolidated by the equity method |
(46) | (46) | |
| Restatement on share of income from minorities | (58) | (49) | |
| Restatement for net income of discontinued operations, Group share | 301 | 380 | |
| Adjusted net income, Group share | 802 | 833 |
Note: (1) Tax impact of restated items (non-recurring income and expenses and financial expenses) and non-recurring tax items
| Thousands of sqm | Dec. 31, 2018 | March 31, 2019 | Openings/ Store enlargements |
Acquisitions | Closures/ Store reductions |
Total Q2 2019 change |
June 30, 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | 5,546 | 5,548 | 10 | 5 | -15 | 0 | 5,549 |
| Europe (ex France) | 5,598 | 5,593 | 66 | - | -104 | -38 | 5,555 |
| Latin America | 2,510 | 2,534 | 27 | - | -12 | 16 | 2,549 |
| Asia | 980 | 979 | 1 | - | -0 | 1 | 980 |
| Others(1) | 1,223 | 1,246 | 44 | - | - | 44 | 1,291 |
| Group | 15,858 | 15,900 | 148 | 5 | -131 | 23 | 15,924 |
| # stores | Dec. 31, 2018 | March 31, 2019 | Openings | Acquisitions | Closures/ Disposals |
Transfers | Total Q2 2019 change |
June 30, 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypermarkets | 1,172 | 1,176 | 5 | 0 | -3 | - | +2 | 1,178 |
| France | 247 | 248 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 248 |
| Europe (ex France) | 452 | 453 | 0 | 0 | -2 | - | -2 | 451 |
| Latin America | 189 | 189 | 0 | 0 | -1 | - | -1 | 188 |
| Asia | 160 | 160 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 160 |
| Others(1) | 124 | 126 | 5 | 0 | - | - | +5 | 131 |
| Supermarkets | 3,319 | 3,322 | 39 | 10 | -23 | - | +26 | 3,348 |
| France | 1,056 | 1,055 | 1 | 10 | -2 | +1 | +10 | 1,065 |
| Europe (ex France) | 1,776 | 1,770 | 25 | 0 | -19 | -1 | +5 | 1,775 |
| Latin America | 147 | 148 | 2 | 0 | -1 | - | +1 | 149 |
| Asia | 73 | 72 | 2 | 0 | -1 | - | +1 | 73 |
| Others(1) | 267 | 277 | 9 | 0 | - | - | +9 | 286 |
| Convenience stores | 7,002 | 6,984 | 138 | 0 | -71 | -1 | +66 | 7,050 |
| France | 3,918 | 3,914 | 44 | 0 | -34 | -1 | +9 | 3,923 |
| Europe (ex France) | 2,511 | 2,496 | 93 | 0 | -37 | - | +56 | 2,552 |
| Latin America | 516 | 517 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 517 |
| Asia | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 2 |
| Others(1) | 55 | 55 | 1 | 0 | - | - | +1 | 56 |
| Cash & Carry | 379 | 385 | 7 | 0 | - | +1 | +8 | 393 |
| France | 144 | 145 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | 145 |
| Europe (ex France) | 49 | 50 | 1 | 0 | - | +1 | +2 | 52 |
| Latin America | 173 | 177 | 5 | 0 | - | - | +5 | 182 |
| Asia | - | - | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
| Others(1) | 13 | 13 | 1 | 0 | - | - | +1 | 14 |
| Group | 11,872 | 11,867 | 189 | 10 | -97 | - | +102 | 11,969 |
| France | 5,365 | 5,362 | 45 | 10 | -36 | - | +19 | 5,381 |
| Europe (ex France) | 4,788 | 4,769 | 119 | 0 | -58 | - | +61 | 4,830 |
| Latin America | 1,025 | 1,031 | 7 | 0 | -2 | - | +5 | 1,036 |
| Asia | 235 | 234 | 2 | 0 | -1 | - | +1 | 235 |
| Others(1) | 459 | 471 | 16 | 0 | - | - | +16 | 487 |
Note: (1) Africa, Middle East and Dominican Republic
Free cash flow is defined as the difference between funds generated by operations (before net interest costs), the variation of working capital requirements and capital expenditures.
Net free cash flow is defined as the difference between funds generated by operations (after net interest costs), the variation of working capital requirements, capital expenditures and operating leases payment (incl. interests).
Sales generated by stores opened for at least twelve months, excluding temporary store closures, at constant exchange rates, excluding petrol and calendar effects and excluding IAS 29 impact.
Like for like sales growth plus net openings over the past twelve months, including temporary store closures, at constant exchange rates.
Gross margin is the difference between the sum of net sales, other income, reduced by loyalty program costs and the cost of goods sold. Cost of sales comprise purchase costs, changes in inventory, the cost of products sold by the financial services companies, discounting revenue and exchange rate gains and losses on goods purchased.
Recurring Operating Income is defined as the difference between gross margin and sales, general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization and provisions.
Recurring Operating Income Before Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) excludes depreciation from supply chain activities which is booked in cost of goods sold and excludes non-recurring items as defined below.
Operating Income (EBIT) is defined as the difference between gross margin and sales, general and administrative expenses, depreciation, amortization and non-recurring items Non-recurring income and expenses are certain material items that are unusual in terms of their nature and frequency, such as impairment, restructuring costs and expenses related to the revaluation of pre-existing risks on the basis of information that the Group became aware of during the accounting period.
This press release contains both historical and forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are based on Carrefour management's current views and assumptions. Such statements are not guarantees of future performance of the Group. Actual results or performances may differ materially from those in such forward looking statements as a result of a number of risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to the risks described in the documents filed with the Autorité des Marchés Financiers as part of the regulated information disclosure requirements and available on Carrefour's website (www.carrefour.com), and in particular the Annual Report (Document de Référence). These documents are also available in English on the company's website. Investors may obtain a copy of these documents from Carrefour free of charge. Carrefour does not assume any obligation to update or revise any of these forward-looking statements in the future
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