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Norske Skog ASA

Quarterly Report Jul 16, 2020

3687_rns_2020-07-16_311f12ea-f941-408c-beb7-fbb69c369779.pdf

Quarterly Report

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INTRODUCTION

Norske Skog ("the group") is a world leading producer of publication paper with strong market positions and long-term customer relations in Europe and Australasia. Publication paper includes newsprint and magazine paper. Norske Skog operates a total of six mills in five countries, with an annual production capacity of 2.3 million tonnes. Newsprint and magazine paper is sold through sales offices and agents to over 80 countries. The group also operates a pellets factory in New Zealand with a capacity of 85 000 tonnes. The group has approximately 2 300 employees.

In addition to the traditional publication paper business, new growth initiatives related to conversions to packaging paper, renewable energy, biochemical products and fibre products have been launched.

The parent company, Norske Skog ASA, is incorporated in Norway and has its head office at Skøyen in Oslo. The company is listed on Oslo Stock Exchange with the ticker NSKOG.

KEY FIGURES

NOK MILLION (unless otherwise stated) Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
INCOME STATEMENT
Total operating income 2 167 2 771 3 316 4 938 6 423
EBITDA* 138 379 444 517 873
Operating earnings -122 90 1 150 -32 1 403
Profit/loss for the period -59 -374 1 032 -433 1 184
Earnings per share (NOK)** -0.71 -4.53 12.51 -5.24 14.36
CASH FLOW
Net cash flow from operating activities -109 470 225 361 531
Net cash flow from operating activities per share (NOK)** -1.32 5.70 2.73 4.38 6.43
Net cash flow from investing activities 241 408 -88 649 -180
OPERATING MARGIN AND PROFITABILITY (%)
EBITDA margin* 6.4 13.7 13.4 10.5 13.6
Return on capital employed (annualised)* 0.8 20.2 26.8 11.1 26.6
PRODUCTION / DELIVERIES / CAPACITY UTILISATION
Production (1 000 tonnes) 404 503 588 907 1 173
Deliveries (1 000 tonnes) 389 495 591 884 1 140
Production / capacity (%) 69 86 90 78 89

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*As defined in Alternative Performance Measures

**Adjusted for the share split on 18 September 2019 pursuant to which the number of shares was increased from 30 000 to 82 500 000

E

Q2 19

Q3 19

Q4 19

Q1 20

Q2 20

NOK MILLION 30 JUN 2020 31 MAR 2020 31 DEC 2019 30 JUN 2019
BALANCE SHEET
Non-current assets 5 228 5 620 5 248 5 512
Assets held for sale 0 307 631 0
Current assets 4 393 4 705 4 360 3 859
Total assets 9 621 10 633 10 240 9 372
Equity 5 017 5 439 5 493 4 560
Net interest-bearing debt 329 269 919 941

REPORT OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS FOR THE SECOND QUARTER OF 2020

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○ Weak Q2 2020 EBITDA of NOK 138 million due to COVID-19

  • Restrictions significantly impacting volumes
  • Publication paper prices unchanged in the quarter
  • Includes gain of approximately NOK 86 million from sale of Tasmanian forest

○ Announced entry into packaging with conversion projects in Golbey and Bruck

  • First production of containerboard planned in first half of 2023
  • Expected annual EBITDA of EUR 70-80 million from converted machines at full utilisation
  • Completion of Tasmanian forest sale

○ Maintains robust financial position

  • Cash position of NOK 1 487 million
  • Net interest-bearing debt of NOK 329 million
  • Forestry and industry in general have seen limited support from Norwegian authorities
    • Need for re-industrialisation of Norway

PROFIT/LOSS FOR THE PERIOD

NOK MILLION Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
Operating revenue 2 012 2 585 3 158 4 598 6 154
Other operating income 154 186 158 340 270
Total operating income 2 167 2 771 3 316 4 938 6 423
Distribution costs -279 -300 -308 -579 -612
Cost of materials -1 096 -1 403 -1 853 -2 499 -3 540
Fixed cost -653 -689 -711 -1 343 -1 398
EBITDA 138 379 444 517 873

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COVID-19 caused much of the world to close down from March and in the second quarter as restrictions were imposed on a country by country basis impacting movement of people. The demand for publication paper in markets where Norske Skog operates, remained stable through April as customers partly increased their inventory levels in preparation for potential supply chain disruptions. In May and June, the impact of the restrictions translated into a severe demand reduction and Norske Skog had temporary market down-time at almost all of the group's mills in order to adapt to a new and uncertain environment. Throughout the quarter, the health and safety of the group's employees has remained a top priority.

Lower operating revenue in second quarter compared to previous quarter was mainly driven by a reduction in deliveries (sales volume) as a result of COVID-19 restrictions on movement. Publication paper prices have remained stable through the quarter, however an increase in export volumes has reduced the overall achieved price to some extent both in Europe and in the Australasian region.

Other operating income for the second quarter includes a gain of approximately NOK 86 million following the completion of the sale of Tasmanian forest assets to New Forests, an Australian-based international sustainable forestry investment manager.

Cost of materials (mainly fibre and energy) decreased compared to the previous quarter, mostly driven by lower sales volumes. Cost of materials has been unchanged on a per tonne basis in the quarter.

Fixed costs (including employee benefit expenses) decreased compared to the previous quarter due to temporary layoffs at Norske Skog's mills resulting from reduced demand and market downtime at the mills. There have been notable differences in the level of government support between the various countries where Norske Skog operates.

EBITDA decreased quarter-over-quarter mainly due to lower sales volumes in the second quarter.

NOK MILLION Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
Restructuring expenses -5 -12 -9 -17 -18
Depreciation -111 -107 -113 -218 -225
Impairments -193 0 0 -193 0
Derivatives and other fair value adjustments 49 -170 828 -122 773
Operating earnings -122 90 1 150 -32 1 403

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Restructuring expenses recognised in the quarter of NOK 5 million mainly relates to restructuring in Australasian region.

Depreciation of NOK 111 million is slightly above previous quarter.

Demand for publication paper has dropped beyond the historical decline. Although there has been observed some increase in demand, there remains uncertainty on the future demand. Based on current information, Norske Skog has carried out an impairment test and recognised an impairment of NOK 193 million.

Derivatives and other fair value adjustments mainly reflects an increase in mark-to-market valuation of embedded derivatives related to energy contracts in New Zealand as local energy prices increased in the quarter.

Embedded derivatives related to energy contracts in Norway, that are sensitive to change in paper and pulpwood prices as well as currency, had a minor negative change in the quarter.

NOK MILLION Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
Share of profit in associated companies -16 -4 0 -20 0
Financial items 86 -429 -68 -343 -59
Income taxes -7 -30 -50 -37 -159
Profit/loss for the period -59 -374 1 032 -433 1 184

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Share of profit in associated companies relates to the changes in the ownership of Circa in June where Norske Skog increased our share to 27.7%.

Financial items were positive by NOK 86 million mainly due to a partial reversal of the unrealised currency loss on debt denominated in other currencies than NOK from the previous quarter. The reversal was caused by the NOK strengthening considerably in the quarter. Net interest expenses were in line with previous quarter.

Income taxes in the quarter relates to the operations in Golbey and Bruck.

DIVERSIFICATION BEYOND PUBLICATION PAPER

On 17 June, Norske Skog announced its planned entry into the packaging market with conversion projects at both Golbey and Bruck. The projects involve the conversion of two machines to containerboard production at a total investment cost of approximately EUR 350 million. Production of containerboard is expected to start in first half of 2023, with full utilisation reached by the end of 2025. The converted machines are expected to generate an EBITDA of EUR 70-80 million once at full utilisation.

At the Bruck paper mill, the EUR 72 million investment in a waste-toenergy facility is progressing in accordance with the timetable. In the quarter, Norske Skog placed the order for a 56 MW multifuel boiler with the Finland-based energy and forest industry technology major Valmet. The boiler is expected to start operating in first half of 2022, and will provide additional revenue and cost savings of approximately EUR 19 million annually.

In the quarter, Norske Skog continued to test and develop CEBINA and bio-composites with machine suppliers and customers. In addition, Norske Skog entered into an agreement with the Australiabased Circa Group (an advanced biochemical materials company and the world's only producer of Cyrene™) increasing its share from 10% to become the largest shareholder with a 27.7% stake in the company.

The group has launched several fibre and energy growth initiatives beyond its traditional publication paper business and conversion projects. These initiatives broaden the operations of the group from renewable energy in the form of biogas, wood pellets, biochemicals and bio-composites. These initiatives are at various stages of the development cycle, ranging from early-phase research to final stages of commercialisation. By 2023, the group expects approximately 25% of its EBITDA to be generated from these non-paper growth initiatives.

SEGMENT INFORMATION

PUBLICATION PAPER EUROPE

NOK MILLION (unless otherwise stated) Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
Total operating income 1 655 2 131 2 528 3 786 4 895
EBITDA 75 329 419 404 811
EBITDA margin (%) 4.5 15.4 16.6 10.7 16.6
Return on capital employed (%) (annualised) -2.5 19.6 32.7 8.9 31.2
Production (1 000 tonnes) 334 411 433 745 878
Deliveries (1 000 tonnes) 322 396 441 718 857
Production / capacity (%) 70 86 90 78 91

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The segment consists of Norske Skog's European operations in the publication paper market with mills in Norway, France and Austria. Annual production capacity is 1.9 million tonnes.

Operating income decreased from the previous quarter due to lower sales volumes mainly caused by COVID-19 restrictions. Publication paper prices remained stable through the quarter, with minor negative impact from increased export volumes to low price markets.

Cost of material decreased due to lower sales volumes, with raw material prices remaining stable in the quarter. Fixed costs were lower compared to the previous quarter caused by temporary layoffs at all the European mills as a result of reduced demand necessitating market downtime in the quarter. There have been notable differences in the support from national authorities in the group's effort to maintain future operations and secure jobs.

EUROPE TOTAL OPERATING INCOME

In second quarter, the European operations has received governmental support of approximately NOK 18 million mainly in relation to employees. There has also been provided support in the form of deferred payments of public taxes and duties of approximately NOK 100 million.

EBITDA was down from the previous quarter, mainly due to lower sales volumes. In addition, the previous quarter included sale of CO2 emission allowances.

Demand for newsprint in Europe decreased by 21% through May this year compared to the same period last year. Magazine paper demand declined with Super Calendared paper decreasing 15% and Lightweight Coated paper decreasing 21%. (Source: Eurograph).

EUROPE

Capacity utilisation was 70% in the period.

PUBLICATION PAPER AUSTRALASIA

NOK MILLION (unless otherwise stated) Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
Total operating income 513 620 774 1 133 1 521
EBITDA 63 63 20 126 63
EBITDA margin (%) 12.3 10.2 2.6 11.1 4.1
Return on capital employed (%) (annualised) 143.8 44.6 -2.7 91.6 2.9
Production (1 000 tonnes) 70 92 155 162 294
Deliveries (1 000 tonnes) 67 99 149 167 283
Production / capacity (%) 65 85 89 75 84

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The segment consists of Norske Skog's operations in Australasia with mills in Australia and New Zealand. The annual production capacity is 0.4 million tonnes.

Operating income decreased from the previous quarter due to lower sales volumes as a result of COVID-19 restrictions reducing demand. In addition, following a quarter with limited export volumes to low

5 NORSKE SKOG – QUARTERLY REPORT - SECOND QUARTER 2020 (UNAUDITED)

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priced Asian markets (as a result of lower production volumes following the sale of the Albury mill in December 2019), Norske Skog increased its exports to Asian markets in the second quarter as consequence of domestic drop in demand.

Total operating income includes a gain of NOK 86 million from the sale of Tasmanian forest assets in the second quarter, compared to a gain of NOK 62 million in the first quarter gain from recycling of translation difference following the completion of the sale of Albury.

Cost of materials decreased in the quarter as a result of lower sales volumes caused by COVID-19 restrictions. Fixed cost were down in the quarter due to temporary layoffs at both mills in the region. Fixed costs were also down on a per tonne basis, partly due to support from national authorities in the region.

AUSTRALASIA

In second quarter the Australasian operations has received governmental support of approximately NOK 10 million mainly in relation to employees.

EBITDA was in line with previous quarter, but included a gain of NOK 86 million, offsetting the negative impact of lower sales volumes as a result of drop in domestic demand and increased exports to lower margin Asian markets.

Demand for newsprint in Australasia declined by 24% through June this year compared to the same period last year. Demand for magazine paper decreased by 19% through May. (Source: official statistics).

Capacity utilisation was 65% in the period.

OTHER ACTIVITIES

NOK MILLION Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
Total operating income 38 48 44 86 78
EBITDA 0 -13 5 -14 -1

Operating income in other activities mainly consist of non-paper related operations which currently includes pellets and biogas. In addition, other activities also include unallocated headquarter costs. The unallocated headquarter costs are estimated to be approximately NOK 40 million per annum, but are not uniformly distributed throughout the quarters of the year.

CASH FLOW

NOK MILLION Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
EBITDA 138 379 444 517 873
Change in working capital 12 222 35 234 -40
Restructuring payments -21 -6 -13 -27 -17
Gains and losses from divestments -92 -62 -89 -153 -89
Net financial items -52 -65 -50 -117 -69
Taxes paid -81 17 -91 -64 -92
Other items -13 -14 -11 -27 -34
Net cash flow from operating activities -109 470 225 361 531
Purchases of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets
-whereof maintenance capex
-128
-62
-100
-42
-78
-67
-228
-103
-154
-118

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Net cash flow from operating activities was negative NOK 109 million.

Restructuring relates to payments of redundancy and other restructuring costs relating to closure of the Albury mill and restructuring in Australasia. Taxes paid in the quarter mainly relate to Golbey.

Gains from divestments relates mainly to the sale of the Tasmanian forest with NOK 86 million.

BALANCE SHEET

NOK MILLION 30 JUN 2020 31 MAR 2020 31 DEC 2019 30 JUN 2019
Non-current assets 5 228 5 620 5 248 5 512
Assets held for sale 0 307 631 0
Cash and cash equivalents 1 487 1 659 970 861
Inventories, trade and other receivables and other current assets 2 906 3 046 3 390 2 998
Total assets 9 621 10 633 10 240 9 372
Equity 5 017 5 439 5 493 4 560
Non-current liabilities 2 611 2 730 2 393 2 403
Current liabilities 1 993 2 464 2 354 2 409
Net interest-bearing debt 329 269 919 941

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Total assets decreased in the second quarter mainly due impairment of NOK 193 million on the group's mills and impact from translation due to strengthening of the NOK in the quarter. These effects were partly offset by investment in the multifuel boiler in Bruck and the energy efficiency projects in Saugbrugs.

Assets held for sale reduced to zero from NOK 307 million following the completion of the sale of the Tasmanian forest.

Cash and cash equivalents decreased by NOK 172 million to NOK 1 487 million at quarter end. The change is mainly due to a combination of outflow from operations and investments and inflow of proceeds from the sale of the Tasmanian forest. The dividend of NOK 3.25 per share was paid in the quarter.

Non-current and current liabilities were mainly impacted in the quarter by currency impact on liabilities denominated in other currencies than NOK, and the first draw-down on the Bruck boiler debt facility of EUR 2.5 million.

Net interest-bearing debt increased from NOK 269 million to NOK 329 million in the quarter.

OUTLOOK

The continued softening of the national restrictions caused by the global coronavirus pandemic, is expected to have a positive effect on the demand for publication paper as the retail trade in general will increase. The closure of several printed publications globally may indicate that at least part of the demand for publication paper will not return to the market. The market uncertainty and low capacity utilization may have a negative impact on sales prices in the short run. However, lower sales prices in the second half of 2020 will to some degree be offset by a decrease in input costs from energy, pulpwood and recovered paper.

The group will continuously monitor and evaluate the impact of the corona situation on the company's operations and business outlook. The health and safety of the group's employees are top priority under the circumstances. Further operational as well as long-term structural measures could be implemented at future dates.

In light of these unprecedented and challenging circumstances, Norske Skog remains committed to become a leading European producer of renewable packaging, improve and optimise publication paper cash flows, and diversify and innovate within fibre and energy.

SKØYEN, 15 JULY 2020 THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF NORSKE SKOG ASA

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John Chiang Arvid Grundekjøn Anneli Finsrud Nesteng Trine-Marie Hagen Chair Board member Board member Board member

Idunn Gangaune Finnanger Svein Erik Veie Paul Kristiansen Sven Ombudstvedt Board member Board member Board member CEO

INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, SECOND QUARTER OF 2020

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT

NOK MILLION NOTE Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
Operating revenue 2 012 2 585 3 158 4 598 6 154
Other operating income 154 186 158 340 270
Total operating income 5 2 167 2 771 3 316 4 938 6 423
Distribution costs -279 -300 -308 -579 -612
Cost of materials -1 096 -1 403 -1 853 -2 499 -3 540
Employee benefit expenses -441 -462 -476 -903 -932
Other operating expenses -212 -227 -235 -439 -466
Restructuring expenses -5 -12 -9 -17 -18
Depreciation 4 -111 -107 -113 -218 -225
Impairments 4 -193 0 0 -193 0
Derivatives and other fair value adjustments 7 49 -170 828 -122 773
Operating earnings -122 90 1 150 -32 1 403
Share of profit in associated companies -16 -4 0 -20 0
Financial items 6 86 -429 -68 -343 -59
Profit/loss before income taxes -52 -343 1 082 -395 1 343
Income taxes -7 -30 -50 -37 -159
Profit/loss for the period -59 -374 1 032 -433 1 184
Basic earnings per share (NOK) -0.71 -4.53 12.51 -5.24 14.36
Diluted earnings per share (NOK) -0.71 -4.53 12.51 -5.24 14.36

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

NOK MILLION Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
Profit/loss for the period -59 -374 1 032 -433 1 184
Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
Currency translation differences -95 386 -28 291 -90
Tax expense on translation differences 0 -4 0 -4 0
Reclassified translation differences upon divestment of foreign
operations
0 -62 0 -62 0
Total -95 320 -28 225 -90
Items that will not be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss
Remeasurements of post-employment benefit obligations 0 0 0 0 0
Tax effect on remeasurements of employment benefit obligations 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0 0 0 0
Other comprehensive income for the period -95 320 -28 225 -90
Total comprehensive income for the period -154 -53 1 004 -208 1 094

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

NOK MILLION NOTE 30 JUN 2020 31 MAR 2020 31 DEC 2019 30 JUN 2019
Deferred tax asset 137 137 137 64
Intangible assets 4 35 92 38 26
Property, plant and equipment 4 3 748 4 034 3 685 4 459
Investments in associated companies 64 1 1 1
Other non-current assets 7 1 244 1 356 1 387 962
Total non-current assets 5 228 5 620 5 248 5 512
Assets held for sale 4 0 307 631 0
Inventories 1 492 1 410 1 427 1 547
Trade and other receivables 990 1 329 1 573 1 227
Cash and cash equivalents 1 487 1 659 970 861
Other current assets 7 424 307 390 224
Total current assets 4 393 4 705 4 360 3 859
Total assets 9 621 10 633 10 240 9 372
Paid-in equity 8 8 510 8 510 8 510 8 510
Retained earnings -3 494 -3 071 -3 018 -3 950
Total equity 5 017 5 439 5 493 4 560
Pension obligations 323 342 295 260
Deferred tax liability 338 364 316 326
Interest-bearing non-current liabilities 6 1 612 1 667 1 470 1 473
Other non-current liabilities 7 338 358 312 343
Total non-current liabilities 2 611 2 730 2 393 2 403
Interest-bearing current liabilities 6 204 262 419 329
Trade and other payables 1 528 1 802 1 685 1 796
Tax payable 56 131 62 144
Other current liabilities 7 205 269 188 140
Total current liabilities 1 993 2 464 2 354 2 409
Total liabilities 4 605 5 194 4 747 4 811
Total equity and liabilities 9 621 10 633 10 240 9 372

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SKØYEN, 15 JULY 2020 THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF NORSKE SKOG ASA

Chair Board member Board member Board member

John Chiang Arvid Grundekjøn Anneli Finsrud Nesteng Trine-Marie Hagen

Idunn Gangaune Finnanger Svein Erik Veie Paul Kristiansen Sven Ombudstvedt Board member Board member Board member CEO

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

NOK MILLION Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
Cash generated from operations 2 384 2 871 3 312 5 255 6 577
Cash used in operations -2 360 -2 352 -2 946 -4 713 -5 885
Cash flow from currency hedges and financial items -28 -39 -9 -67 -16
Interest payments received 3 4 2 7 5
Interest payments made -26 -30 -43 -56 -58
Taxes paid -81 17 -91 -64 -92
Net cash flow from operating activities 1) -109 470 225 361 531
Purchases of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets -128 -100 -78 -228 -154
Sales of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets 374 559 0 933 0
Purchase of shares in companies and other financial payments -19 -50 -15 -70 -30
Sales of shares in companies and other financial instruments 14 0 4 14 4
Net cash flow from investing activities 241 408 -88 649 -180
New loans raised 53 255 1 261 307 1 287
Repayments of loans -82 -484 -1 166 -566 -1 667
Dividends paid -268 0 0 -268
Net cash flow from financing activities -297 -230 95 -527 -379
Foreign currency effects on cash and cash equivalents -6 40 -9 34 -23
Total change in cash and cash equivalents -172 689 223 517 -51
Cash and cash equivalents at start of period 1 659 970 638 970 912
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period 1 487 1 659 861 1 487 861
1) Reconciliation of net cash flow from operating activities
Profit/loss before income taxes -52 -343 1 082 -395 1 343
Change in working capital 12 222 35 234 -40
Change in restructuring provisions -16 6 -3 -10 1
Depreciation and impairments 304 107 113 410 225
Derivatives and other fair value adjustments -58 155 -829 96 -793
Gain and losses from divestment -92 -62 -89 -153 -89
Net financial items without cash effect -121 368 18 246 -10
Taxes paid -81 17 -91 -64 -92
Change in pension obligations and other employee benefits -3 2 -4 -1 -7
Adjustment for other items 0 0 -7 0 -7
Net cash flow from operating activities -109 470 225 361 531

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN GROUP EQUITY

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NOK MILLION Paid-in equity Other paid-in equity Retained earnings Total equity
Equity 1 January 2019 5 160 2 249 -5 044 2 365
Profit/loss for the period 0 0 153 153
Other comprehensive income for the period 0 0 -62 -62
Equity 31 March 2019 5 160 2 249 -4 953 2 456
Profit/loss for the period 0 0 1 032 1 032
Increase share capital 1 102 0 0 1 102
Other comprehensive income for the period 0 0 -28 -28
Equity 30 June 2019 6 261 2 249 -3 950 4 560
Profit/loss for the period 0 0 859 859
Other comprehensive income for the period 0 0 72 72
Equity 31 December 2019 6 261 2 249 -3 018 5 493
Profit/loss for the period 0 0 -374 -374
Other comprehensive income for the period 0 0 320 320
Equity 31 March 2020 6 261 2 249 -3 071 5 439
Profit/loss for the period 0 0 -59 -59
Other comprehensive income for the period 0 0 -95 -95
Dividends paid 0 0 -268 -268
Equity 30 June 2020 6 261 2 249 -3 494 5 017

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1. GENERAL INFORMATION

Norske Skog ASA ("the company") and its subsidiaries ("the group" or "Norske Skog") produce, distribute and sell publication paper. This includes newsprint and magazine paper.

All amounts in the interim financial statements are presented in NOK million unless otherwise stated. Due to rounding, there may be differences in the summation of columns and rows.

The table below shows the applied average (un-weighted monthly) foreign exchange rates per quarters and the closing exchange rate at month ends for the most important currencies for the group.

Q2 2020 Q1 2020 30 JUN 2020 31 MAR 2020 31 DEC 2019
AUD 6.57 6.23 6.68 6.41 6.17
EUR 11.02 10.46 10.91 11.51 9.86
GBP 12.43 12.12 11.96 12.98 11.59
NZD 6.18 6.01 6.24 6.25 5.92
USD 10.02 9.49 9.74 10.51 8.78

2. ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The interim financial statements of Norske Skog have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34 Interim Financial Reporting. The interim financial statements do not include all information required for full annual financial statements, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for 2019. The interim financial statements are unaudited.

The accounting policies applied in the preparation of the interim financial statements are consistent with those applied in the preparation of the annual financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2019, except for the adaptation of amended standards and new interpretations, which are mandatory from 1 January 2020. These changes are described in the annual financial statements for 2019.

The group has not early adopted any standard, interpretation or amendment that has been issued but is not yet mandatory.

3. ESTIMATES, JUDGEMENTS AND ASSUMPTIONS

Preparation of interim financial statements in accordance with IFRS implies use of estimates, which are based on judgements and assumptions that affect the application of accounting principles and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Actual amounts might differ from such estimates.

Estimated decline in value of property, plant and equipment, and investments in associated companies

Property, plant and equipment are tested for possible impairment charges whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. A prolonged decrease in prices or demand beyond the historical level could be an indicator of impairment and an impairment test will be prepared. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less sales costs or its value in use. Value in use is the present value of the future cash flows expected to be derived from a cash-generating unit. The key drivers of profitability in the industry and thus asset values for Norske Skog are product prices relative to production costs. Contracted prices/costs are reflected when applicable. Given the demand decline beyond the historical level there has been carried out an impairment test in connection with second quarter and the group has recognised impairment in both the European and Australasian segment. Given that the actual impact of the COVID-19 situation on global economy and demand for publication paper is unclear there remains uncertainty and circumstances may require further impairment testing.

Commodity contracts

Norske Skog's portfolio of commodity contracts consist mainly of contracts that are settled through physical delivery. Embedded derivatives in commodity contracts are measured at fair value and embedded derivatives that are not traded in an active marked, are assessed through valuation techniques.

The fair value of embedded derivatives in physical contracts vary depending on changes in currency, paper prices, pulpwood and price indexes. The energy contracts in Norway are nominated in EUR and contain embedded derivatives that are sensitive to changes in NOK against EUR.

Commodity contracts that fail to meet the own-use exemption criteria in IFRS 9 Financial instruments – recognition and measurement are recognised in the balance sheet and valued at fair value. Norske Skog has one long-term financial energy contract in New Zealand. The long-term electricity prices in New Zealand are not directly observable in the market for the whole contract length. Price forecasts from acknowledged external sources are used in the estimation of fair value.

The group uses its judgement to select a variety of methods and make assumptions that are mainly based on market conditions existing at each balance sheet date. See Note 9 in the consolidated financial statements for 2019 for more information regarding the calculation of fair value of derivatives.

Provisions

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Provisions for environmental restoration, dismantling costs, restructuring activities and legal claims are recognised when the group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, an outflow of resources is more likely than not to be required to settle the obligation and the amount can be reliably estimated.

13 NORSKE SKOG – QUARTERLY REPORT - SECOND QUARTER 2020 (UNAUDITED)

Provisions for future environmental and dismantling liabilities are based on a number of assumptions made using management's best judgment. See Note 2 in the consolidated financial statements for 2019 for a more thorough description of important accounting estimates and assumptions impacting the preparation of financial statements.

Contingent liabilities

Norske Skog is an international company that, through its ongoing business operations, will be exposed to litigation and claims from public authorities and contracting parties as well as assessments from public authorities in each country it operates.

4. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

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JAN-JUN 2020 PROPERTY,
PLANT AND
EQUIPMENT
RIGHT-OF-USE
ASSETS
TOTAL
PROPERTY
PLANT AND
EQUIPMENT
INTANGIBLE
ASSETS
Carrying value at start of period 3 567 118 3 685 38
Additions* 213 15 228 51
Depreciation -196 -17 -213 -5
Impairments -193 0 -193 0
Value changes -6 0 -6 0
Disposals -8 0 -8 -51
Currency translation differences 248 7 255 2
Carrying value at end of period 3 625 123 3 748 35

*The difference between additions and the line Purchases of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows is due to right-of-use assets allocated emission allowances, accruals for payments and other additions with no cash impact.

PER OPERATING SEGMENTS

30 JUN 2020 TOTAL PROPERTY,
PLANT AND
EQUIPMENT
INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Publication paper Europe 3 255 23
Publication paper Australasia 408 3
Other activities 84 10
Total 3 748 35

5. OPERATING SEGMENTS

The activities of the Norske Skog group are focused on two business segments, namely Europe and Australasia. The segment structure is in line with how the group is managed internally. Norske Skog's chief operating decision maker is corporate management, who distribute resources and assess performance of the group's operating segments. Norske Skog has an integrated strategy in Europe and Australasia to maximise the profit in each region. The optimisation is carried out through coordinated sales- and operational planning. The regional planning, in combination with structured sales and operational processes, ensures maximisation of profit.

Publication paper includes newsprint and magazine paper. Newsprint includes standard newsprint and improved newsprint used in newspapers, inserts, catalogues etc. Magazine paper includes the paper qualities super calendered (SC) and light weight coated (LWC). Magazine paper is used in magazines, catalogues and advertising materials.

Operating revenue consist mainly of sale of goods for both Publication Paper Europe and Publication Paper Australasia.

The publication paper Europe segment encompasses production and sale of newsprint and magazine paper in Europe. All the four European mills and the regional sales organization are included in the operating segment publication paper Europe.

The publication paper Australasia segment encompasses production and sale of newsprint and magazine paper in Australasia. Both mills in Australasia and the regional sales organization are included in the operating segment publication paper Australasia. Comparables for 2019 includes Albury which ceased production on 5 December 2019.

Activities in the group that do not fall into the operating segments are presented under other activities. This includes corporate functions, energy (commodity contracts and embedded derivatives in commodity contracts), Green Energy business and other holding company activities.

The pellets operation of Natures Flame is included in Green Energy under other activities.

Q2 2020 PUBLICATION
PAPER
EUROPE
PUBLICATION
PAPER
AUSTRALASIA
OTHER
ACTIVITIES
ELIMINATIONS NORSKE SKOG
GROUP
Operating revenue 1 607 408 37 -40 2 012
Other operating income 49 105 1 0 154
Total operating income 1 655 513 38 -40 2 167
Distribution costs -218 -57 -5 0 -279
Cost of materials -857 -250 -2 13 -1 096
Employee benefit expenses -343 -86 -13 1 -441
Other operating expenses -162 -58 -19 26 -212
EBITDA 75 63 0 0 138
Restructuring expenses 0 -5 0 0 -5
Depreciation -93 -15 -3 0 -111
Impairment -122 -71 0 0 -193
Derivatives and other fair value adjustments 0 -11 59 0 49
Operating earnings -140 -38 56 0 -122
Share of operating revenue from external parties (%) 99 100 35 100
Q1 2020 PUBLICATION
PAPER
EUROPE
PUBLICATION
PAPER
AUSTRALASIA
OTHER
ACTIVITIES
ELIMINATIONS NORSKE SKOG
GROUP
Operating revenue 2 010 555 47 -27 2 585
Other operating income 121 65 0 0 186
Total operating income 2 131 620 48 -27 2 771
Distribution costs -228 -67 -5 0 -300
Cost of materials -1 062 -330 -11 0 -1 403
Employee benefit expenses -338 -101 -25 1 -462
Other operating expenses -175 -59 -19 26 -227
EBITDA 329 63 -13 0 379
Restructuring expenses 0 -11 -1 0 -12
Depreciation -90 -14 -3 0 -107
Derivatives and other fair value adjustments 0 -4 -166 0 -170
Operating earnings 239 34 -184 0 90
Share of operating revenue from external parties (%) 100 100 49 100

15 NORSKE SKOG – QUARTERLY REPORT - SECOND QUARTER 2020 (UNAUDITED)

Q2 2019 PUBLICATION
PAPER
EUROPE
PUBLICATION
PAPER
AUSTRALASIA
OTHER
ACTIVITIES
ELIMINATIONS NORSKE SKOG
GROUP
Operating revenue 2 386 768 34 -30 3 158
Other operating income 142 6 10 0 158
Total operating income 2 528 774 44 -30 3 316
Distribution costs -213 -92 -3 0 -308
Cost of materials -1 389 -467 -2 5 -1 853
Employee benefit expenses -333 -127 -17 0 -476
Other operating expenses -175 -68 -18 25 -235
EBITDA 419 20 5 0 444
Restructuring expenses 0 -7 -3 0 -9
Depreciation -82 -28 -3 0 -113
Derivatives and other fair value adjustments 0 -9 837 0 828
Operating earnings 337 -23 836 0 1 150
Share of operating revenue from external parties (%) 100 100 47 100

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YTD 20200 PUBLICATION
PAPER
EUROPE
PUBLICATION
PAPER
AUSTRALASIA
OTHER
ACTIVITIES
ELIMINATIONS NORSKE SKOG
GROUP
Operating revenue 3 617 963 85 -67 4 598
Other operating income 169 170 1 0 340
Total operating income 3 786 1 133 86 -67 4 938
Distribution costs -446 -123 -10 0 -579
Cost of materials -1 919 -580 -13 13 -2 499
Employee benefit expenses -680 -187 -39 2 -903
Other operating expenses -337 -116 -38 52 -439
EBITDA 404 126 -14 0 517
Restructuring expenses 0 -16 -1 0 -17
Depreciation -183 -29 -6 0 -218
Impairments -122 -71 0 0 -193
Derivatives and other fair value adjustments 0 -15 -107 0 -122
Operating earnings 100 -4 -127 0 -32
Share of operating revenue from external parties (%) 100 100 43 100
PUBLICATION
PAPER
PUBLICATION
PAPER
OTHER NORSKE SKOG
YTD 2019 EUROPE AUSTRALASIA ACTIVITIES ELIMINATIONS GROUP
Operating revenue 4 648 1 507 68 -70 6 154
Other operating income 246 13 10 0 270
Total operating income 4 895 1 521 78 -70 6 423
Distribution costs -428 -178 -6 0 -612
Cost of materials -2 660 -895 -5 20 -3 540
Employee benefit expenses -645 -254 -33 0 -932
Other operating expenses -350 -131 -35 50 -466
EBITDA 811 63 -1 0 873
Restructuring expenses -2 -7 -10 0 -18
Depreciation -163 -56 -6 0 -225
Derivatives and other fair value adjustments 0 -14 787 0 773
Operating earnings 646 -14 770 0 1 403
Share of operating revenue from external parties (%) 100 100 40 100

NORSKE SKOG QUARTERLY REPORT - SECOND QUARTER 2020 (UNAUDITED) 16

INCOME STATEMENT Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
OTHER OPERATING REVENUE
Corporate functions 25 25 24 49 48
Green energy and other 13 23 20 36 30
Total 38 48 44 86 78
EBITDA
Corporate functions -1 -19 -5 -20 -11
Green energy and other 1 5 10 6 10
Total 0 -13 5 -14 -1

6. FINANCIAL ITEMS AND DEBT REPAYMENTS

FINANCIAL ITEMS

NOK MILLION Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
Net interest expenses -25 -29 -42 -54 -97
Currency gains/losses* 117 -382 -16 -265 57
Other financial items -6 -19 -10 -24 -20
Total financial items 86 -429 -68 -343 -59

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*Currency gains and losses on accounts receivable and accounts payable are reported as Operating revenue and Cost of materials respectively.

FINANCING

In 2019 Norske Skog issued a EUR 125 million senior secured bond. The bond matures in June 2022 and has an interest rate of EURIBOR (zero floor) + 6% with quarterly interest payments. The proceeds were mainly used to refinance existing debt. The outstanding amount of bonds, excluding repurchased bonds, was EUR 104.5 per 30 June 2020.

In 2019, Norske Skog established a revolving credit facility of EUR 31 million. EUR 20 million had been utilised per 30 June 2020. The facility has a tenor of three years.

During the first quarter of 2020 Norske Skog entered into a EUR 54 million credit facility to finance the construction of an incineration boiler on the Bruck mill. The facility will be utilised incrementally as expenditures incur during the construction phase, after which it will be repaid by quarterly instalments up until the final maturity date in 2028. The borrower under the facility is Norske Skog Bruck GmbH and Norske Skog ASA has provided a guarantee of EUR 20 million. As of 30 June 2020 the loan has been drawn by EUR 2.5 million.

The remaining financing arrangements for the group includes leasing, factoring, and other credit facilities on mill level.

Norske Skog shall in accordance with its financial covenants have (i) unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of minimum NOK 100 million, and (ii) net interest-bearing debt to EBITDA* less than 2.75x, on a consolidated basis.

*The EBITDA used in the financial covenants calculations may differ from the EBITDA shown in the financial reporting due to adjustment requirements in the financing agreements.

BONDS

MATURITY CURRENCY INTEREST RATE NOMINAL
VALUE*
AMOUNT OUTSTANDING*
30 JUN 2020
June 2022 EUR EURIBOR + 6% 125 105

*Excluding repurchased bonds

DEBT REPAYMENT SCHEDULE*

NOK MILLION 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024-
Bonds 0 0 1 140 0 0
Debt to credit institutions 155 38 279 35 19
Total 155 38 1 420 35 19

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*Not including items relating to IFRS 16.

Total debt listed in the repayment schedule differ from the carrying value in the balance sheet. This is due to the amortized cost principle.

Financed amounts from securitisation arrangements is classified as interest-bearing current liabilities. This amounts to NOK 137 million in debt repayment in 2020. The financed amount represents a group of individual loans, which are settled individually at maturity of the accounts receivable.

New loans are initiated on a consecutive basis based on new accounts receivable included under the securitization agreement. The liability is in its nature current and Norske Skog does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement beyond twelve months. The liabilities are liabilities that are settled through its normal operating cycle. The corresponding accounts receivable is derecognised when the customer pays it.

7. ENERGY CONTRACTS, DERIVATIVES AND FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS CARRIED AT FAIR VALUE

ASSETS LIABILITIES
30 JUN 2020 CURRENT NON-CURRENT CURRENT NON-CURRENT
Energy contracts and embedded derivatives in energy contracts (level 3) 376 1 117 -15 -6
Energy contracts (level 2) 0 0 -72 -3
Other derivatives and financial instruments carried at fair value (level 2) 2 0 -6 0
Total 378 1 117 -93 -9

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Norske Skog's portfolio of commodity contracts consists primarily of contracts that are settled through physical delivery. The fair value of financial energy contracts is particularly sensitive to future fluctuations in energy prices. The fair value of embedded derivatives in physical contracts depends on paper prices, pulpwood prices, currency and price index fluctuations.

Energy prices in New Zealand have increased in the short end of the price curve while the price in the long end are virtually unchanged compared to previous quarter. Higher energy prices have a positive impact on fair value.

The energy contracts in Norway are denominated in EUR. The energy contracts at Skogn and Saugbrugs expires at the end of 2026, and both contracts have a yearly consumption of approximately 876 000 MWh. The contract prices are sensitive to change in paper and pulpwood prices. These contracts contain embedded derivatives that are recognized at fair value in accordance with IFRS 9 Financial instruments - recognition and measurement. The assumed paper and pulpwood prices in the contract period are based on forecasts from external sources independent of the company. The base line for price assumptions used in the initial valuation was the forecasts as of fourth quarter 2018 when the electricity contracts started.

The external forecast prices on paper is lower compared to initial forecast in fourth quarter 2018 which have a significant positive effect on the embedded derivatives year to date. In the second quarter the forecast paper prices has increased slightly compared to first quarter which have a negative effect on the embedded derivatives. Pulpwood prices has decreased compared to previous quarter which had a negative effect on the fair value of the embedded derivatives. NOK has strengthened against EUR compared to the previous quarter, which has had a positive effect on the fair value of the embedded derivatives.

A decrease in estimates of consumer price indices has a positive impact on fair value. Consumer price indices, which affect the fair value, show only small changes compared with the previous quarter.

Gains and losses on level 3 financial instruments amounted to NOK +56 million in the second quarter (NOK -148 million in the first quarter). Changes in the value of energy-/commodity contracts and embedded derivatives in contracts are presented in the income statement line Derivatives and other fair value adjustments. See Note 8 in consolidated financial statements for 2019 for more information including sensitivity analyses regarding the calculation of fair value of commodity contracts and derivatives.

8. PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS

NUMBER OF SHARES OWNERSHIP %
NS NORWAY HOLDING AS 52 161 386 63.23
J.P. MORGAN BANK LUXEMBOURG S.A 2 221 219 2.69
ARTIC FUNDS PLC 1 877 880 2.28
VERDIPAPIRFONDET EIKA SPAR 1 441 000 1.75
VERDPAPIRFONDET HOLBERG NORGE 1 400 000 1.70
BANQUE DEGROOF PETERCAM LUX. SA 1 376 981 1.67
RBC INVESTOR SERVICES BANK S.A 1 361 111 1.65
MP PENSJON PK 1 208 976 1.47
VERDIPAPIRFONDET EIKA NORGE 1 189 000 1.44
FRAM REALINVEST AS 850 000 1.03
TVECO AS 825 000 1.00
WENAASGRUPPEN AS 549 110 0.67
CARUCEL HOLDING AS 500 000 0.61
VERDIPAPIRFONDET DELPHI NORGE 500 000 0.61
TVENGE, TORSTEIN INGVALD 425 000 0.52
M25 INDUSTRIER AS 400 000 0.48
PACTUM AS 395 000 0.48
VERDIPAPIRFONDET EIKA BALANSERT 387 868 0.47
OM HOLDING AS 337 187 0.41
PENSJONSORDNINGEN 315 400 0.38
Other shareholders 12 777 882 15.49
Total 82 500 000 100.00

The data is extracted from VPS 15 July 2020. Whilst every reasonable effort is made to verify all data, VPS cannot guarantee the accuracy of the analysis.

9. THE NORSKE SKOG SHARE

30 JUN 2020 31 MAR 2020 31 DEC 2019
Share price (NOK) 32.90 33.80 43.70
Book value of equity per share (NOK) 60.81 65.93 66.58

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10. RELATED PARTIES

Oceanwood is a related party to Norske Skog through the ownership in NS Norway Holding AS (parent company).

There have not been any transactions with related parties in 2020.

11. EVENTS AFTER THE BALANCE SHEET DATE

There has been no events after the balance sheet date with significant impact on the interim financial statements for the second quarter of 2020.

12. HISTORICAL FIGURES

INCOME STATEMENT Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q4 2019 Q3 2019 Q2 2019
Total operating income 2 167 2 771 3 344 3 187 3 316
Variable costs -1 375 -1 703 -1 985 -1 965 -2 161
Fixed costs -653 -689 -799 -717 -711
EBITDA 138 379 560 505 444
Restructuring expenses -5 -12 -198 -8 -9
Depreciation -111 -107 -112 -118 -113
Impairments -193 0 -247 38 0
Derivatives and other fair value adjustment 49 -170 -120 696 828
Operating earnings -122 90 -117 1 113 1 150
Share of profit in associated companies -16 -4 -36 0 0
Financial items 86 -429 -22 -89 -68
Profit/loss before income taxes -52 -343 -175 1 024 1 082
Income taxes -7 -30 17 -6 -50
Profit/loss for the period -59 -374 -158 1 018 1 032
SEGMENT INFORMATION Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q4 2019 Q3 2019 Q2 2019
Publication paper Europe
Total operating income 1 655 2 131 2 368 2 321 2 528
EBITDA 75 329 318 404 419
Deliveries (1 000 tonnes) 322 396 441 426 441
Publication paper Australasia
Total operating income 513 620 955 852 774
EBITDA 63 63 283 113 20
Deliveries (1 000 tonnes) 67 99 132 147 149
Other activities
Total operating income 38 48 48 43 44
EBITDA 0 -13 -41 -12 5
BALANCE SHEET 30 JUN 2020 31 MAR 2020 31 DEC 2019 30 SEP 2019 30 JUN 2019
Total non-current assets 5 228 5 620 5 248 5 675 5 512
Assets held for sale 0 307 631 446 0
Inventories 1 492 1 410 1 427 1 530 1 547
Trade and other receivables 990 1 329 1 573 1 332 1 227
Cash and cash equivalents 1 487 1 659 970 909 861
Other current assets 424 307 390 447 224
Total current assets 4 393 4 705 4 360 4 219 3 859
Total assets 9 621 10 633 10 240 10 340 9 372
Total equity 5 017 5 439 5 493 5 649 4 560
Total non-current liabilities 2 611 2 730 2 393 2 438 2 403
Trade and other payables 1 528 1 802 1 685 1 691 1 796
Other current liabilities 466 662 669 562 613
Total current liabilities 1 993 2 464 2 354 2 253 2 409
Total liabilities 4 605 5 194 4 747 4 691 4 811
Total equity and liabilities 9 621 10 633 10 240 10 340 9 372
CASH FLOW Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q4 2019 Q3 2019 Q2 2019
Reconciliation of net cash flow from operating activities
EBITDA 138 379 560 505 444
Change in working capital 12 222 -43 -180 35
Payments made relating to restructuring activities -21 -6 -140 -10 -13
Gain and losses from divestment -92 -62 -236 -89 -89
Cash flow from net financial items -52 -65 -48 -34 -50
Taxes paid -81 17 -143 -16 -91
Other -13 -14 -30 -25 -11
Net cash flow from operating activities -109 470 -78 150 225
Purchases of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets -128 -100 -132 -82 -78
Net divestments 369 509 133 82 -10
Net cash flow from investing activities 241 408 0 -1 -88
Net cash flow from financing activities -297 -229 135 -100 95
Foreign currency effects on cash and cash equivalents -6 40 3 -1 -9
Total change in cash and cash equivalents -172 689 61 48 223

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Responsibility Statement from the Board of Directors and CEO

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We declare that to the best of our knowledge, the condensed consolidated interim financial statements for the period 1 January to 30 June 2020 have been prepared in accordance with IAS 34 – Interim Financial Reporting and give a true and fair view of the Norske Skog group's assets, liabilities, financial position and result as a whole. We also confirm to the best of our knowledge that the report

of the board of directors gives a true and fair view of important events that have occurred during the first six months of the financial year and their impact on the condensed consolidated interim financial statements, a description of the principal risks and uncertainties for the remaining six months of the financial year, and major relatedparty transactions.

SKØYEN, 15 JULY 2020 THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF NORSKE SKOG ASA

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Idunn Gangaune Finnanger Svein Erik Veie Paul Kristiansen Sven Ombudstvedt Board member Board member Board member CEO

John Chiang Arvid Grundekjøn Anneli Finsrud Nesteng Trine-Marie Hagen Chair Board member Board member Board member

ALTERNATIVE PERFORMANCE MEASURES

The European Securities and Markets Authority's (ESMA) has defined new guidelines for alternative performance measures (APM). An APM is defined as a financial measure of historical or future financial performance, financial position, or cash flows, other than a financial measure defined or specific in the applicable financial reporting framework (IFRS). The company uses EBITDA, EBITDA margin and return on capital employed (annualized) to measure operating performance on group level. It is the company's view that the APMs provides the investors relevant and specific operating figures which may enhance their understanding of the performance.

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EBITDA, EBITDA margin, variable costs, fixed costs, return on capital employed and net interest-bearing debt are defined by the company below.

EBITDA: Operating earnings for the period, before restructuring expenses, depreciation and amortization and impairment charges, derivatives and other fair value adjustments, determined on an entity, combined or consolidated basis. EBITDA is used for providing consisting information of operating performance and cash generating which is relative to other companies and frequently used by other stakeholders.

NOK MILLION Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
Operating earnings -122 90 1 150 -32 1 403
Restructuring expenses 5 12 9 17 18
Depreciation 111 107 113 218 225
Impairments 193 0 0 193 0
Derivatives and other fair value adjustments -49 170 -828 122 -773
EBITDA 138 379 444 517 873

EBITDA margin: EBITDA / total operating income. EBITDA margin assist in providing a more comprehensive analysis of operating performance relative to other companies.

NOK MILLION Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
EBITDA 138 379 444 517 873
Total operating income 2 167 2 771 3 316 4 938 6 423
EBITDA margin 6.4% 13.7% 13.4% 10.5% 13.6%

Variable costs: Distribution costs + cost of materials

NOK MILLION Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
Distribution costs 279 300 308 579 612
Cost of materials 1 096 1 403 1 853 2 499 3 540
Variable costs 1 375 1 703 2 161 3 078 4 152

Fixed costs: Employee benefit expenses + other operating expenses.

NOK MILLION Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
Employee benefit expenses 441 462 476 903 932
Other operating expenses 212 227 235 439 466
Fixed costs 653 689 711 1 343 1 398

Return on capital employed (annualised): (Annualised EBITDA – Annualised Capital expenditure) / Capital employed (average). Return on capital employed assist in providing a more comprehensive analysis of returns relative to other companies.

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NOK MILLION Q2 2020 Q1 2020 Q2 2019 YTD 2020 YTD 2019
EBITDA 138 379 444 517 873
Capital expenditure 128 100 78 228 154
Average capital employed 5 054 5 520 5 473 5 204 5 410
Return on capital employed (annualised) 0.8% 20.2% 26.8% 11.1% 26.6%
NOK MILLION 30 JUN 2020 31 MAR 2020 31 DEC 2019 30 JUN 2019
Intangible assets 35 92 38 26
Tangible assets 3 748 4 034 3 685 4 459
Assets held for sale 0 307 631 0
Inventory 1 492 1 410 1 427 1 547
Trade and other receivables 990 1 329 1 573 1 227
Trade and other payables -1 528 -1 802 -1 685 -1 796
Capital employed 4 737 5 370 5 670 5 464

Net interest-bearing debt: Net interest-bearing debt consist of bond issued and other interest-bearing liabilities (current and non-current) reduced by cash and cash equivalent.

NOK MILLION 30 JUN 2020 31 MAR 2020 31 DEC 2019 30 JUN 2019
Interest-bearing non-current liabilities 1 612 1 667 1 470 1 473
Interest-bearing current liabilities 204 262 419 329
Cash and cash equivalents -1 487 -1 659 -970 -861
Net interest-bearing debt 329 269 919 941

Capital expenditure (Capex): Purchases of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets.

Maintenance capex: Capex required to maintain the Group's current business in accordance with GAAP according to the latest annual financial statements (but excluding any capex for the development of new business).

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