Investor Presentation • Jun 27, 2019
Investor Presentation
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June 2019
This presentation may contain forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties, including those pertaining to the anticipated benefits to be realized from the proposals described herein.
Forward-looking statements may include, in particular, statements about future events, future financial performance, plans, strategies, expectations, prospects, competitive environment, regulation, supply and demand.
Esprinet has based these forward-looking statements on its view and assumptions with respect to future events and financial performance. Actual financial performance could differ materially from that projected in the forward-looking statements due to the inherent uncertainty of estimates, forecasts and projections, and financial performance may be better or worse than anticipated.
Given these uncertainties, readers should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements.
The information contained in this presentation is subject to change without notice and Esprinet does not undertake any duty to update the forward-looking statements, and the estimates and the assumptions associated with them, except to the extent required by applicable laws and regulations.
THE COMPANY
THE INDUSTRY
THE STRATEGY
GOVERNANCE
FINANCIALS
INVESTMENT CASE
ANNEX
(*) Source: MBRES Mediobanca 2018
NOTE: All figures in Million €
Sales Mix
| SALES 2018 | SHARE | SALES 2017 | SHARE | ITALY | SPAIN | PORTUGAL | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Esprinet | 3.571 | 24,4% | 3.218 | 24,2% | • | • | • |
| 2 | Tech Data |
2.559 | 17,5% | 2.363 | 17,8% | • | • | • |
| 3 | Ingram Micro | 1.910 | 13,0% | 1.828 | 13,7% | • | • | |
| 4 | Computer Gross | 1.211 | 8,3% | 1.065 | 8,0% | • | ||
| 5 | Arrow ECS | 807 | 5,5% | 716 | 5,4% | • | • | |
| 6 | Attiva | 361 | 2,5% | 326 | 2,4% | • | ||
| 7 | MCR | 338 | 2,3% | 280 | 2,1% | • | ||
| 8 | CPC | 320 | 2,2% | 294 | 2,2% | • | ||
| 9 | Datamatic | 305 | 2,1% | 302 | 2,3% | • | ||
| 10 | GTI | 194 | 1,3% | 221 | 1,7% | • | ||
| 11 | Exclusive Networks |
179 | 1,2% | 159 | 1,2% | • | • | |
| 12 | Brevi | 176 | 1,2% | 167 | 1,3% | • | ||
| 13 | JP Sa Couto | 150 | 1,0% | 133 | 1,0% | • | ||
| 14 | Inforpor | 137 | 0,9% | 108 | 0,8% | • | ||
| 15 | Depau | 133 | 0,9% | 108 | 0,8% | • | ||
| 16 | Globomatik | 130 | 0,9% | 118 | 0,9% | • | ||
| 17 | DMI | 115 | 0,8% | 112 | 0,8% | • | ||
| 18 | Cometa | 97 | 0,7% | 94 | 0,7% | • | ||
| Others | 1.967 | 13,4% | 1.697 | 12,7% | • | • | • | |
| Totale | 14.661 | 100% | 13.307 | 100% | • | • | • |
Sirmi - Channel Partner and company estimates
Consolidated 2018 end-year figures
(*) Italy-Spain-Portugal 2018 end-user market data at estimated distributor price – Source: EITO & Euromonitor
The vendors displayed are just a selection aimed at representing the product category
7.447 7.215 7.361 7.185 6.982 5.273 5.358 5.425 5.369 5.434 16.912 17.061 16.637 16.435 16.620 9.273 10.063 10.499 10.775 10.987 0 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000 35.000 40.000 45.000 2015A 2016A 2017A 2018A 2019E IT Clients Advanced Solutions Consumer Electronics (ex white goods) White goods 38,9 B€ 39,6 B€ 39,9 B€ 39,8 B€ 40,0 B€ Italy-Spain-Portugal: Total ICT Spending at distri price
EITO figures for IT Clients - Advanced Solutions & Smartphones - EUROMONITOR for other Consumer electronics End-user consumption converted to distri price assuming average 15% margin for resellers/retailers Conversion from Context panel sales to Total distri sales assuming Context Panel represents 95% of total consolidated distri sales 2019 end user market estimates by EITO & Euromonitor as of May 2019 2019 distri sales estimated using a flat growth of 5%
Italy-Spain-Portugal: Total ICT Spending and share of distributors
EITO figures for IT Clients - Advanced Solutions & Smartphones - EUROMONITOR for other Consumer electronics End-user consumption converted to distri price assuming average 15% margin for resellers/retailers Conversion from Context panel sales to Total distri sales assuming Context Panel represents 95% of total consolidated distri sales 2019 end user market estimates by EITO & Euromonitor as of May 2019 2019 distri sales estimated using a flat growth of 5%
9.273 10.063 10.499 10.775 10.987 39,5% 40,1% 45,2% 50,6% 53,0% 46,0% 48,0% 50,0% 52,0% 54,0% 56,0% 40.000 45.000 Italy-Spain-Portugal: Total ICT Spending and share of distributors (ex-white goods)
EITO figures for IT Clients - Advanced Solutions & Smartphones - EUROMONITOR for other Consumer electronics End-user consumption converted to distri price assuming average 15% margin for resellers/retailers Conversion from Context panel sales to Total distri sales assuming Context Panel represents 95% of total consolidated distri sales 2019 end user market estimates by EITO & Euromonitor as of May 2019 2019 distri sales estimated using a flat growth of 5%
ICT Distribution share on total ICT addressable sales grew from 39.5% (2015) to 50.6% (2018) and is forecasted to grow furthermore (53% expected in 2019).
• Vendors sometimes ask Distributors to act as providers of invoicing, credit collection and logistic fulfilment capabilities on sales negotiated directly by the Vendor with a Retailer or a Corporate Reseller. In this case, the Vendor might allow the Distributor to purchase products based on a sales forecast agreed upon between the Vendor and the Retailer/Corporate Reseller. When this kind of sales agreement happens, the Vendor might guarantee the Distributor, either contractually or customarily, that those products will be sold with a predefined margin, essentially shielding the Distributor from the inventory risks that might arise from the need of reducing the sales price or disposing of unsold products.
• On specific product categories, i.e. software or pre-packaged services, Vendors sometimes provide «Stock Rotation Clauses». These are contractual agreements under which the Distributor is periodically allowed to ship back obsolete stock in exchange of new products of similar value.
• Large and medium sized distributors routinely apply contracts with top-rated Credit Insurance Companies shielding the risk of default of debtors with deductibles typically between 10% to 15% of the insured value.
• Trade receivables might be sold "without-recourse" to factoring entities or conduits of a trade receivables securitization program, typically major commercial banks but sometimes Vendor financing companies as well. When factoring/securitization happens, being a true-sale, no deductibles are involved and the credit risk is entirely transferred to the factoring company
• Sometimes distributors might takes some credit risk on their books by issuing a Credit Limit that exceeds the value of the Credit Insurance coverage.
• Commoditized product categories, such as Notebooks or Smartphone, typically allow for lower Gross Profits Margins as compared to more complex products such as many "Advanced Solutions" products
• Most Vendors allocate at Country level marketing funds that are available for those distributors that develop the most effective marketing programs. Size matters and market coverage as well, and that is one of the key reasons for achieving scale in each geography, so that a larger proportion of these marketing funds is achieved and lower marketing costs incurred.
• Even if Distributors are broadly shielded by Vendors in case of excess or obsolete stock, if the levels are exceedingly high or the Vendor enters a major crisis the costs of the allowance for obsolete stock might go on the Distributors books impacting the Gross Profit
The emergence of the «XaaS» (Everything as a Service) business model 1
The industry is undergoing a transformation with the growth of "As a Service" or "Consumption" based utilization models against traditional "Transactional" model
Typical "As a service" models include
More and more ICT Distributors are acting as aggregators of such contracts from multiple providers, effectively switching from moving boxes in a warehouse to moving data & contracts in an IT system.
Selling "As a service" contracts will reduce the impact of working capital needs, because no physical goods must be purchased and stocked, and will add predictability to the ICT Distributor revenues
Some ICT Distributors might became providers as well, buying devices which will stay in their balance sheet as fixed assets and leasing them under these «consumption» model agreements to resellers which can sub-lease them, packaged with some services provided by them, to end-users
Vendors focusing on winning the IP war and outsourcing everything else 2
There is a growing number of examples of Vendors focusing on key technologies:
Patents are a growing barrier to entry in specific markets so Vendors focus on few technologies where they pile up IP to defend themselves from competitors
This drives a growing need of positioning their products within complex solutions while facing growing pressure for SG&A reduction from their investors
As a consequence there is a growing request of outsourcing of non-core support activities
Distribution, after-sales support, logistics and even sales promotion is more and more outsourced to distribution partners or service companies
The migration from «pure» brick&mortar or «pure» onliners to «omnichannel» retailers 3
Retailers are struggling to cope with the pure on-liners competition and are in the middle of journey to provide a comprehensive «omnichannel experience» to their customers
During the transition many traditional retailers are putting extraordinary pressure on suppliers to fund the journey to a new business model
The transition is putting pressure on their top-line as well as on their profitability and is driving a round of consolidation in this segment of the industry
The survivors will be forced to develop a new set of logistic capabilities in order to deliver products to the homes of the consumer, offering an opportunity for distributors which typically have extensive know-how in this activity
The new "omnichannel" retailer will handle a longer-tail of products where distributors can get better margins against the existing low-margin mix of few high-rotation items
The in-store experience will change and distributors will be offered opportunities to be part of the eco-system providing added value services such as category management and merchandising at shop floor level
PCs and smartphones, the two ICT product lines with higher sales volumes, have witnessed modest innovation in the last years and therefore margins for the manufacturers decreased
Gross profit opportunities could arise from a disruptive round of innovation at the moment not yet foreseeable.
The printing eco-system (printers+supplies) is undergoing a structural volume reduction but new print technologies as well as business models (Managed Print Services) are somehow stabilizing margins
The market of these traditional product lines is overdistributed and this is putting short term further pressure on gross profit margins whilst offering opportunities mid-term
Economy of scale are needed to cope with high volumes-low margin sales in these categories, favouring a further round of consolidation in the distribution industry
Distributors are also implementing more efficient working capital management in order to seek value creation opportunities in the balance sheet rather than in the P&L
Advanced Solutions are less prone to commoditization because of the intrinsic higher content of IP and differentiation, effectively shielding these categories from an excessive pressure on gross profit margin reduction
The fast commoditization of key product categories
4
5 The growing «consumerization» of professional customers service-level expectations
The employees of Resellers and Retailers are exposed everyday to the interaction with companies such as Amazon, Starbucks, Apple that are using amazing levels of customer experience as a competitive advantage
More and more they expect the same level of excellence in the quality of service when interacting with suppliers during their work hours
Customer experience is no longer a «bonus» but a «must» to compete
Same day delivery is now a "given" and no longer a bonus
The full integration of social communication tools with traditional office solutions such as email or ERP is expected
Real time response to enquiries is the «de-facto» standard required to compete effectively
On-line solutions must be designed to match web experiences on top-rated consumer sites
Mobile access to data is now a given
| Italy | Spain | Portugal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT Clients | ||||
| PORTFOLIO | Advanced Solutions | |||
| Consumer Electronics | ||||
| Resellers | ||||
| MARKET COVERAGE |
Specialized Channel |
|||
| Retailers & E-tailers |
||||
| IT Clients | ||||
| MARKET | Advanced Solutions | |||
| SHARE | Consumer Electronics | |||
Getting recognized as provider of the best Customer Satisfaction in the region
A redesign of procedures and incentive schemes aimed at measuring and sharply improving the level of Customer Satisfaction raising the «cost of switch» for customers therefore positively impacting Gross profits and revenues
Better gross profit margin on existing customers
Leveraging the size in Italy and Spain to improve ROCE on IT Clients & Consumer Electronics
New procedures, tools and incentive schemes aimed at focusing teams on better Working Capital management
Leveraging achieved size and push for better opportunities with vendors/customers in a consolidating market
Better working capital on existing combinations of Vendor/Customer
Pushing for an higher weight of Advanced Solutions sales
V-Valley Europe concept: move from two local Distri to a perceived multinational Advanced Solution distri to get new contracts and grow in this higher margin market
Better mix driving sales of higher gross profit margin products
Achieving size in Portugal
Invest in people and in warehousing capabilities to capture organic-growth opportunities offered by selected Vendors
Grow in the region also by acquisitions in order to complete the coverage of the market
Top line growth driver and consolidation of leadership in the Iberian region
Developing a state-of-the-art «XaaS» strategy
Invest further more in the programs already existing leveraging our web-portal to provide not only a onestop-shopping opportunity for physical goods but an aggregator for IaaS, SaaS, MPS and Device as a Service contracts as well
Better gross profit margin and better predictability of revenue streams
Developing further Outsourcing initiatives for Vendors and Customers
Grow the high margin logistic outsourcing activities already in place as well as the tools to enable mid-size retailers as well as professional resellers to establish an «omnichannel» strategy
Higher EBIT margin activities driving better grip on Vendors/ Customers
Pushing on Distri adoption by the White goods manufacturers
A 10B€ market opportunity mostly direct where we are piloting with some vendors new distribution models similar to the ICT ones
Opportunity of Top line growth on higher gross margin products
Be ready for potential new markets: Robotics, A.I. Electrical Mobility, 3D Print
Long term developments offer potential opportunities in these markets
Begin assessing potential distribution scenarios
Begin testing distribution of 3D printing and Electrical mobility
Potential future developments for Top line and EBIT margin growth
To be the best technology distributor operating in its relevant markets, assuring shareholders above-average return on investment thanks to precise, serious, honest, fast-footed, reliable, and innovative management of the customer and vendor relationship, achieved by closely attentive enhancement and exploitation of its staff's skills and innovative capabilities.
Maurizio Rota, was born in Milan on 22 December 1957. After early professional experience as Sales Supervisor for companies operating in the Information Technology field, he founded Micromax in 1986, serving as the Company Chairman. He developed and consolidated the company up to 1999, focusing in particular on relations with major manufacturers, and making a decisive contribution to the implementation of the company's business strategies. Following the formation of Esprinet in the year 2000, as a result of the merger of the companies Celo, Micromax and Comprel, he served as Managing Director and later as Vice Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Rota is the Chairman of the Esprinet Group.
Alessandro Cattani, was born in Milan on 15 August 1963. After completing his degree in electronic engineering at Politecnico in Milan, he earned a MBA ("CEGA" at the Bocconi University in Milan). He began his professional career in the holding company of an Italian industrial group where, until 1990, he served as Executive Director of the company which had the task of managing the group's information technology. From 1990 to 2000 Mr. Cattani worked in a consulting company. Since November 2000 he has been serving Esprinet as Chief Executive Officer of the Group.
| NAME | POSITION | EXECUTIVE | INDEPENDENT | STRATEGY COMMITTEE |
CONTROL AND RISK COMM. |
REMUNERATION AND APPOINTMENT COMM. |
COMPETITIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY COMM. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maurizio Rota | Chairman | • | • | • | |||
| Alessandro Cattani | CEO | • | • | • | |||
| Valerio Casari | Director & CFO |
• | • | • | |||
| Marco Monti | Director | • | |||||
| Matteo Stefanelli | Director | • | • | ||||
| Tommaso Stefanelli | Director | • | • | ||||
| Mario Massari | Director | • | • | • | |||
| Chiara Mauri | Director | • | • | ||||
| Cristina Galbusera | Director | • | • | • | |||
| Emanuela Prandelli | Director | • | |||||
| Ariela Caglio | Director | • | |||||
| Renata Maria Ricotti | Director | • | • |
The Code of Ethics applies to all activities carried out by or in the name and on the behalf of Esprinet S.p.A. and its subsidiaries.
The Code of Ethics:
The Esprinet Group wishes to establish trade relations with its vendors and business partners based on transparency, correctness and business ethics. The development of transparent and lasting relationships with vendors, attention to quality, safety and respect for the environment and compliance with existing regulations are objectives to be pursued with a view to consolidating the value created in favour of stakeholders.
Therefore, in connection with the Code of Ethics adopted by Esprinet S.p.A. and its subsidiaries, the Group has defined a Code of Conduct designed to guide relations throughout its supply chain.
This document, entitled "Organisation and Management Model pursuant to "Legislative Decree 231/2001" (hereinafter called "the Model"), has been drawn up to implement the terms of ss. 6.1.a and 6.1.b, 6.2, 7.2 and 7.3 of Legislative Decree no. 231 of 08.06.2001 (hereinafter called "the Decree").
The Model is the management reference document which institutes a corporate prevention and control system designed to prevent the offences specified in the Decree from being committed.
The Ethical Code enclosed summarizes the values, correctness and loyalty by which the Esprinet Group is inspired and constitutes the base of our Organizational, Administrative and Control Models. The Code has been adopted by the company in order to prevent any occupational hazards or risks in view of the D. Lgs. 231/2001 law.
On September 11th 2018 the companies Board of Directors accepted a new and updated version of the Organizational, Administrative and Control Models which substitutes the previous version approved on June 1st, 2017.
Esprinet Spa listed in the STAR Segment* voluntarily adhere to and comply with strict requirements
Major requirements for shares to qualify as STAR status
Esprinet is fully compliant(1) with the Code of self-discipline (Corporate Governance Code).
(1)With minor exceptions which are explained as permitted by the Code in the "Corporate Governance" section of the society
| DECLARANT | DIRECT SHAREHOLDER |
% ON ORDINARY CAPITAL |
% ON VOTING CAPITAL |
|---|---|---|---|
| Francesco Monti | Francesco Monti | 15.709% | 15.70% |
| Giuseppe Cali | Giuseppe Cali | 11.253% | 11.25% |
| Albemarle Asset Management Limited |
Albemarle Funds PLC Albemarle Alternative White Rhino Funds PLC |
5,961% | 5,96% |
| Paolo Stefanelli | Paolo Stefanelli | 5.069% | 5.06% |
| Maurizio Rota | Maurizio Rota | 5.231% | 5.23% |
| Stefanelli Tommaso | Stefanelli Tommaso | 1.69% | 1.69% |
| Stefanelli Matteo | Stefanelli Matteo | 1.59% | 1.59% |
| Cattani Alessandro | Cattani Alessandro | 1.29% | 1.29% |
Italian Stock Exchange (PRT) Number of shares: 52.4 million Average volume of 225.875 shares per day Number of shares owned by the Company: 2,19%
| (euro/mln) | Q1 2019 (1) | Q1 2018 (1) | Var. % | FY 2018 adj. (2) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales | 875,5 | 100,00% | 781,3 | 100,00% | 12% | 3.571,2 | 100,00% | |
| Cost of sales | (834,7) | -95,34% | (742,3) | -95,01% | 12% | (3.398,7) | -95,17% | |
| Gross Profit | 40,8 | 4,66% | 39,0 | 4,99% | 5% | 172,5 | 4,83% | |
| Operating costs | (34,5) | -3,95% | (33,6) | -4,30% | 3% | (131,5) | -3,68% | |
| EBIT | 6,3 | 0,72% | 5,4 | 0,68% | 17% | 41,0 | 1,15% | |
| D&A | 1,2 | 0,14% | 1,2 | 0,16% | -1% | 3,3 | 0,09% | |
| EBITDA | 7,5 | 0,85% | 6,6 | 0,84% | 14% | 44,3 | 1,24% | |
| Finance costs - net |
(1,5) | -0,17% | (0,7) | -0,09% | 114% | (4,5) | -0,13% | |
| Profit before income taxes | 4,8 | 0,54% | 4,6 | 0,59% | 2% | 36,4 | 1,02% | |
| Income taxes | (1,4) | -0,16% | (1,2) | -0,16% | 12% | (9,3) | -0,26% | |
| Net income | 3,4 | 0,39% | 3,4 | 0,44% | -1% | 27,1 | 0,76% | |
| Tax rate |
29% | 26% | 26% |
NOTES
(1) Excluding effects of newly introduced IFRS 16 leases standard.
(2) Net of non-recurring items.
| excl. IFRS 16 | post IFRS16 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (euro/mln) | 31.03.19 | 31.12.18 | 31.03.19 |
| Net operating working capital | 409,3 | 10,4 | 409,3 |
| Goodwill | 91,0 | 90,6 | 91,0 |
| Other fixed assets | 29,9 | 27,9 | 108,3 |
| Other current assets/liabilities | 1,6 | (12,7) | 1,6 |
| Other non-current assets/liabilities | (15,7) | (14,4) | (15,7) |
| Net invested capital | 516,0 | 101,9 | 594,5 |
| Long-term financial liabilities | 44,5 | 12,8 | 44,5 |
| Short-term financial liabilities (1) | 200,1 | 138,3 | 200,1 |
| Lease liabilities |
- | - | 78,4 |
| Debts for investments in subsidiaries | 1,5 | 1,1 | 1,5 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | (56,5) | (381,3) | (56,5) |
| Other | (20,5) | (11,9) | (20,5) |
| Net financial debt | 169,1 | (241,0) | 247,5 |
| Net equity | 347,0 | 342,9 | 347,0 |
| Total sources | 516,0 | 101,9 | 594,5 |
(1) Includes 72,1 eu/mln as at 31.12.18 and 57,6 eu/mln as at 31.03.19 reclassified from long-term debt due to covenant breach on Syndicated Senior Term Loan.
Idays (Inventory Days): 4-qtr average of (quarter-end Inventory / quarterly Sales * 90)
DSO (Days of Sales Outstanding): 4-qtr average of (quarter-end Trade Receivables / quarterly Sales * 90)
DPO (Days of Purchases Outstanding): 4-qtr average of (quarter-end Trade Payables / quarterly Cost of Sales * 90)
| post IFRS16 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (euro/mln) | Q1 2019 (1) | adj. | Q1 2019 (2) | ||
| Sales | 875,5 | 100,00% | 875,5 | 100,00% | |
| Cost of sales | (834,7) | -95,34% | (834,7) | -95,34% | |
| Gross Profit | 40,8 | 4,66% | - | 40,8 | 4,66% |
| Operating costs | (34,5) | -3,95% | 0,5 | (34,1) | -3,89% |
| EBIT | 6,3 | 0,72% | 0,5 | 6,7 | 0,77% |
| D&A | 1,2 | 0,13% | 2,4 | 3,6 | 0,41% |
| EBITDA | 7,4 | 0,85% | 2,9 | 10,3 | 1,18% |
| Finance costs - net |
(1,5) | -0,17% | (1,0) | (2,6) | -0,29% |
| Profit before income taxes | 4,8 | 0,54% | (0,6) | 4,2 | 0,48% |
| Income taxes | (1,4) | -0,16% | 0,1 | (1,3) | -0,14% |
| Net income | 3,4 | 0,39% | (0,4) | 2,9 | 0,33% |
Tax rate 29% 30%
| (euro/mln) | Q1 2019 | Q1 2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash flow generated from operations | 10,7 | 6,6 | ||
| Cash flow provided by (used in) changes in working capital | (417,3) | (268,9) | ||
| Other cash flow provided by (used in) operating activities | (2,0) | (0,1) | ||
| Cash flow provided by (used in) operating activities | (408,6) | (262,4) | ||
| (+) | Cash flow provided by (used in) investing activities | 1,3 | 2,0 | |
| (+) | Cash flow provided by (used in) financing activities | (3,2) | 0,0 | |
| (=) | Net (increase)/decrease in net financial debt | (410,5) | (260,4) | |
| Net financial debt (cash) at beginning of period | (241,0) | (123,1) |
Net financial debt (cash) at end of period 169,4 137,4
| (euro/mln) | TTM ended March 31 | TTM ended December 31 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TTM (1) Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT) | 2018 | 2019 | 2017 | 2018 |
| EBIT (2) | 37,3 | 41,9 | 36,7 | 41,0 |
| Income taxes on EBIT (3) | -9,5 | -10,7 | -9,4 | -10,5 |
| NOPAT | 27,8 | 31,2 | 27,3 | 30,5 |
| Net operating working capital (5-qtr end average) | 307,1 | 288,3 | 250,1 | 227,0 |
| Net fixed assets (5-qtr end average) | 104,3 | 94,7 | 108,0 | 96,2 |
| Total average Invested Capital | 411,3 | 383,0 | 358,0 | 323,2 |
| ROCE | 6,7% | 8,1% | 7,6% | 9,4% |
(1) Trailing Twelve Months is abbreviated as TTM.
(2) Net of non-recurring items; excluding effects of newly introduced IFRS 16 leases standard.
(3) Income taxes on EBIT are calculated using FY 2018 effective tax rate of ~26%.
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