Investor Presentation • Mar 18, 2024
Investor Presentation
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March 20, 2024

This presentation has been prepared by Generalfinance and contains certain information of a forward-looking nature, projections, targets, and estimates that reflect Generalfinance management's current views related to future events. Forward-looking information not represent historical facts. Such information includes financial projections and estimates as well as related assumptions, information referring to plans, objectives, and expectations regarding future operations, products, and services, and information regarding future financial results. By their very nature, forwardlooking information involves a certain amount of risk, uncertainty and assumptions so that actual results could differ significantly from those expressed or implied in forward-looking information. These forward-looking statements have been developed from scenarios based on a set of economic assumptions related to a given competitive and regulatory environment.
There are a variety of factors that may cause actual results and performance to be materially different from the explicit or implicit contents of any forward-looking statements and thus, such forward-looking statements are not a reliable indicator of futures performance. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise expect as may be required by applicable law. The information and opinions contained in this Presentation are provided as at the date hereof and are subject to change without notice. Neither this Presentation nor any part of it nor the fact of its distribution may form the basis of, or be relied on or in connection with, any contract or investment decision.
The information, statements and opinions contained in this Presentation are for information purposes only and do not constitute a public offer under any applicable legislation or an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to purchase or subscribe for securities or financial instruments or any advise or recommendation with respect to such securities or other financial instruments. None of the securities referred to herein have been, or will be, registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the securities laws of any State or other jurisdiction of the United States or in Australia, Canada or Japan or any jurisdiction where such an offer or solicitation would be unlawful (the "Other Countries"), and there will be no public offer of any such securities in the United States. This Presentation does not constitute or form apart of any offer or solicitation to purchase or subscribe for securities in the United States or the Other Countries.
Pursuant the consolidated law on financial intermediation of 24 February 1998 (article 154-bis, paragraph 2) Ugo Colombo, in his capacity as manager responsible for the preparation of the Company's financial reports declares that the accounting information contained in this Presentation reflects the Generalfinance documented results, financial accounts and accounting records. Neither the Company nor any of its or their respective representatives, directors or employees accept any liability whatsoever in connection with this Presentation or any of its contents or in relation to any loss arising from its use or from any reliance placed upon it.








In accordance with the interpretation provided for pro-solvendo transactions by the Bank of Italy following the 2022 inspection, in 4Q 2023 Generalfinance has applied a new definition of default (DoD) under which past due amounts are to be counted from the moment they exceed 1% of the relevant exposure (and are higher than 100 euro or 500 euro depending on the type of the counterparty), even if there is a buffer between the nominal value of the receivable and the company's exposure.
However, there was no impact in Q4 2023 deriving from the application of the new DoD, thanks to a proactive collection and credit management activities on certain exposures.
However, due to the new DoD, it is possible that past due amounts may experience greater volatility in the future.

Note: Turnover includes Future receivables ROE: annualized net income / (equity - net income) Cost Income Ratio: Operating costs / Net Interest and Other Banking Income Assifact NPE Ratio (%) as at September, 30 2023










Source: Management
In the overall fast growing factoring market (turnover in Italy is expected to grow from € 290bn in 2023 up to €300bn in 2024) Generalfinance focuses on distressed sellers (UTP, forborne and past due) with a portfolio of performing debtors (in bonis)

Ranking of the Italian factoring market – 2023 (%) Sellers by Size – 2023

Notes: (1) range of values estimated in the last Assifact report «ForeFact» 24 n.2 Source: Assifact monthly and quarterly statistics





The worsening financial conditions of Italian companies expected in the next three-year period and the consequent increase in rates of deterioration could in fact drive a growth in the potential turnover of factoring to distressed companies by 8 percent annually, up to a market value of ca. 40 billion € by 2024










The peculiarity of Generalfinance's business model is the choice of Seller–Debtor, where clients (Sellers) typically have a low credit rating (turnaround situation) while the Debtors underlying customer loans refer to a high credit rating ("investment grade")


Notes: 1) Generalfinance data refers to December 31, 2023 (LTM); Assifact data refers to September 30, 2023; 2) Assifact data net of household debtors.


Generalfinance boasts an excellent portfolio quality, both in terms of Payment Conditions and Payment Delays

| EMARKET SDIR |
|---|
| CERTIFIED |
| e as h P |
1 2 Client Acquisition |
3 Assessment & pre Proposal qualification |
4 Negotiation and underwriting |
5 Credit decision |
6 Credit management |
7 Monitoring |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| es viti Acti |
Acquisition of new Clients Collection of financial Client data to check sales, checks, turnover, customers, suppliers, etc.) Process Generate Client Report Debtor check) |
Customer Overall file assessment assessment (economic and (review of Summary Report analysis, AML and other relevant Summary Report documents) Definition of a assessment (for non-binding distressed proposal, to be procedures) shared with the Client assessment (data collection, creditworthiness |
Forwarding of proposal to Client Discussion of any amendments within the decision-making scope of the Sales Office Sign-off of terms and conditions by the Client |
Additional data collection on the Assignor Review of Assignor/Assign ee assessment Credit decision on the maximum amount disbursable to Assignor and credit facilities to Debtors Signing of contract |
Acquisition / assignment of receivables , prepayments and relevant process management Relationship management with Assignor and Assigned Debtors Collection management |
Monitoring of factored receivables Monitoring of credit risk Management of outstanding receivables Monitoring of collections Reporting on information flows between corporate bodies |
| nt e m part e D |
CLO CCO |
Credit Committee |
CCO CLO |
Credit Committee |
COO |
CLO |


Generalfinance offers its customers (mostly companies under financial stress) rapid and customized interventions for the financing of the working capital and trade receivables, covering the entire supply chain finance

"Revolving" relationship (LIR1 at 24 months) in a predominantly "notification" mode and, where applicable, "acceptance" of the debt
3
2


| Distressed Client | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scoring Components |
DISTRESSED SELLER SCORING |
DEBTOR SCORING/ SELLER'S PORTFOLIO |
OPERATIONS'S FINAL SCORING |
||||
| Industrial market position and client portfolio Key Factors Recovery plan credibility and sustainability of the repayment plan of the previous debt position for Standing and profile of the Seller's legal/financial advisors Feasibility of the financial measures and presence of legal protections Valuation Presence of financial support (Equity/Debt) from investors/shareholders |
|||||||
| Distressed Seller's quantitative score (green, Output yellow, red) |
Debtor's score Seller's portfolio score |
Overall valuation (Seller + Debtor) To be Grant Reject evaluated |
|||||
| Performing Client | |||||||
| Scoring Components |
PERFORMING SELLER SCORING |
DEBTOR SCORING/ SELLER'S PORTFOLIO |
OPERATIONS'S FINAL SCORING |
||||
| Economic and financial analysis of the Balance Sheet/P&L/Cash Flow Statement Key Factors Positioning in the sector for Sustainability of the debt position (Debt-Service Coverage Ratio) Valuation Credibility of the management |
|||||||
| Performing Seller's Output quantitative score |
Debtor's score Seller's portfolio score |
Overall valuation (Seller + Debtor) To be Grant Reject evaluated |

Given that the majority of Generalfinance's turnover is realized towards distressed Sellers, the Company can benefit from a reduction in risk, because of 3 main factors





| Macro score | Indicator | Assessment details |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | BRI | Counterparty summary assessment considering the economic and financial aspects, the history of the company, the shareholders structure, etc. |
| CGS | Counterparty summary assessment considering the economic and financial aspects, the history of the company, the shareholders structure, etc. |
|
| Commercial score |
Rating Score |
Counterparty summary assessment considering the economic and financial aspects, the history of the company, the shareholders structure, etc. |
| Delinquency Score |
Probability of late payments over the next 12 months |
|
| Failure Score |
Company probability of default over the next 12 months |
|
| 2 Payments |
Paydex | Score on the counterparty's payment performance |
| score | Payline | Score on the counterparty's payment performance |
| 3 Credit |
Grade Allianz Trade |
Degree of credit insurability |
| insurability score |
DRA | Degree of credit insurability Coface – in progress |
| 4 Credit insurance |
Insurance | Insurance partnership with Allianz Trade to insure up to 100% of the credit cross, starting from amounts above 30k |











In accordance with the interpretation provided for pro-solvendo transactions by the Bank of Italy following the 2022 inspection, in 4Q 2023 Generalfinance has applied a new definition of default (DoD) under which past due amounts are to be counted from the moment they exceed 1% of the relevant exposure (and are higher than 100 euro or 500 euro depending on the type of the counterparty), even if there is a buffer between the nominal value of the receivable and the company's exposure.
However, there was no impact in Q4 2023 deriving from the application of the new DoD, thanks to a proactive collection and credit management activities on certain exposures.
However, due to the new DoD, it is possible that past due amounts may experience greater volatility in the future.

Cost of Risk has been computed as Credit Risk Adjustments / Annual Disbursed Loans;
2021 2022 2023
Gross NPE («Non-Performing Exposure») Ratio has been computed as Gross NPE / Gross Loans to Customers



Default rate: NPE inflow of the year / loans disbursement flow of the year Assifact NPE Ratio (%) as at September, 30 2023






| Income Statement (€m) | 2021A | 2022A | 2023A | YoY% | CAGR '21-'23 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interest Margin | 6.2 | 7.3 | 9.0 | 23.6% | 20.0% |
| Net Commission | 17.7 | 23.6 | 27.2 | 15.4% | 24.0% |
| Net Banking Income | 23.9 | 30.9 | 36.2 | 17.3% | 23.0% |
| Net value adjustments / write-backs for credit risk | (0.2) | (1.2) | (1.3) | 4.8% | 141.2% |
| Operating Costs | (9.8) | (13.2) | (12.9) | (1.9%) | 15.0% |
| Net Profit | 9.5 | 10.9 | 15.1 | 38.4% | 26.2% |
| (€m) | 2021A | 2022A | 2023A | YoY% | CAGR '21-'23 |
| Turnover | 1,402.9 | 2,009.4 | 2,559.3 | 27.4% | 35.1% |
| Allocated Amount | 1,118.5 | 1,674.0 | 2,161.4 | 29.1% | 39.0% |
| LTV | 79.7% | 83.3% | 84.5% | 1.4% | 2.9% |
| LTV Pro-solvendo | 78.6% | 81.6% | 79.7% | -2.4% | 0.7% |
| Net Banking Income / Average Loan (%) | 9.6% | 8.7% | 8.5% | (2.3%) | (5.8%) |
| Interest Margin / Net Banking Income (%) | 26.0% | 23.5% | 24.8% | 5.4% | (2.4%) |
| Cost Income Ratio | 40.9% | 42.7% | 35.7% | (16.4%) | (6.5%) |
| ROE (%) | 42.0% | 23.7% | 29.3% | 23.7% | (16.4%) |
| Balance Sheet (€m) | 2021A | 2022A | 2023A | YoY% | CAGR '21-'23 |
| Cash & Cash Equivalents | 33.5 | 43.7 | 21.7 | (50.5%) | (19.6%) |
| Financial Assets | 321.0 | 385.4 | 462.4 | 20.0% | 20.0% |
| Other Assets | 10.7 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 8.0% | 21.7% |
| Total Assets | 365.3 | 443.8 | 500.0 | 12.7% | 17.0% |
| Financial Liabilities | 314.6 | 368.4 | 409.4 | 11.1% | 14.1% |
| Other Liabilities | 18.7 | 18.6 | 24.2 | 30.6% | 13.9% |
| Total Liabilities | 333.3 | 387.0 | 433.6 | 12.0% | 14.1% |
| Shareholder's Equity | 32.0 | 56.8 | 66.4 | 17.0% | 44.2% |







Note: CET1 Ratio and Total Capital Ratio calculated taking into account the net profit of 2023 and total dividends to be distributed (payout 50% of net profit)


Note: Commercial Papers included in «Fixed Rate»
Liquidity Position: excluding pledged accounts equal to 5.0 €mln
Securitization: included only for an amount equal to the credit lines approved by banks


Notes: (1) Calculated as interest expense / average financial liabilities (current and previous year); (2) Spread: average interest rate on seller – average cost of funding (3) (Interest income + delayed payment Interest + other interest)/ average loans (current and previous year); (4) Calculated as Net Interest income/ average loans (current and previous year)

Net Commission Income ~75% of the Net Banking Income



Note: (1)Other net revenues and risk charges; (2) Operating Costs / Net Banking Income.
Operating costs 2022 Adjusted (net of IPO costs): 11.6 €mln
Cost income ratio 2022 Adjusted (net of IPO costs): 37.7%



| Income Statement (€m) | 2022A | 2023A | YoY% |
|---|---|---|---|
| Interest income and similar income | 14,0 | 30,6 | 118,3% |
| Interest expense and similar charges | (6,7) | (21,6) | 220,4% |
| INTEREST MARGIN | 7,3 | 9,0 | 23,6% |
| Fee and commission income | 27,3 | 31,7 | 15,6% |
| Fee and commission expense | (3,8) | (4,5) | 17,2% |
| NET FEE AND COMMISSION INCOME | 23,6 | 27,2 | 15,4% |
| Dividends and similar income | 0,0 | 0,0 | (100,0%) |
| Net profi (loss) from trading | (0,0) | 0,0 | (308,0%) |
| Net results of other financial a/l measured at fv | 0,0 | (0,0) | (117,5%) |
| NET INTEREST AND OTHER BANKING INCOME | 30,9 | 36,2 | 17,3% |
| Net value adjustments / write-backs for credit risk | (1,2) | (1,3) | 4,8% |
| a) Financial assets measured at amortised cost | (1,2) | (1,3) | 4,8% |
| NET PROFIT (LOSS) FROM FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT | 29,7 | 34,9 | 17,8% |
| Administrative expenses | (13,0) | (13,9) | 6,2% |
| a) Personnel expenses | (6,7) | (7,2) | 6,6% |
| b) Other administrative expenses | (6,3) | (6,7) | 5,7% |
| Net provision for risks and charges | (0,1) | (0,1) | 242,1% |
| b) Other net provisions | (0,1) | (0,1) | 242,1% |
| Net value adjustments / write-backs on pppe | (0,7) | (0,7) | 8,7% |
| Net value adjustments / write-backs on int. Ass. | (0,4) | (0,4) | 31,9% |
| Other operating income and expenses | 1,0 | 2,2 | 135,5% |
| OPERATING COSTS | (13,2) | (12,9) | (1,9%) |
| PRE-TAX PROFIT (LOSS) FROM CURRENT OPERATIONS | 16,5 | 22,0 | 33,6% |
| Income tax for the year on current operations | (5,6) | (6,9) | 24,2% |
| PROFIT (LOSS) FOR THE YEAR | 10,9 | 15,1 | 38,4% |

| EMARKET SDIR |
|---|
| CERTIFIED |
| Balance Sheet (€m) | 2022A | 2023A | Var% YoY |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cash and cash equivalents | 43,7 | 21,6 | (50,5%) |
| Financial assets measured at fair value through p/l | 0,0 | 0,0 | 13,2% |
| Financial assets measured at amortised cost | 385,4 | 462,4 | 20,0% |
| Equity investments | 0,0 | 0,0 | - |
| Property, Plan and Equipment (PPE) | 4,9 | 5,0 | 2,6% |
| Intangible assets | 2,0 | 2,6 | 27,1% |
| Tax assets | 4,6 | 5,7 | 24,2% |
| a) current | 4,1 | 5,1 | 23,4% |
| b) deferred | 0,5 | 0,6 | 31,8% |
| Other assets | 3,2 | 2,7 | (13,4%) |
| TOTAL ASSETS | 443,8 | 500,0 | 12,7% |
| Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost | 368,4 | 409,4 | 11,1% |
| a) payables | 331,2 | 376,8 | 13,8% |
| b) outstanding securities | 37,2 | 32,6 | (12,3%) |
| Tax liabilities | 4,9 | 7,1 | 44,6% |
| Other liabilities | 11,6 | 14,0 | 21,2% |
| Severance pay | 1,3 | 1,5 | 11,7% |
| Provision for risk and charges | 0,8 | 1,6 | 93,3% |
| Share capital | 4,2 | 4,2 | 0,0% |
| Share premium reserve | 25,4 | 25,4 | 0,0% |
| Reserves | 16,2 | 21,6 | 33,7% |
| Valuation reserves | 0,1 | 0,1 | 25,5% |
| Profit (loss) for the year | 10,9 | 15,1 | 38,4% |
| TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS'S EQUITY | 443,8 | 500,0 | 12,7% |


| Top Line (€ bn) | 2021A | 2022A ADJ | 2024E | CAGR '21-'24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnover | 1,4 | 2,0 | 3,4 | 34% |
| Allocated Amount | 1,1 | 1,7 | 2,8 | 36% |
| (2) LTV |
80% | 83% | 83% | n.a. |
| P&L (€ mn) | 2021A | 2022A ADJ | 2024E | CAGR '21-'24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interest Margin | 6,2 | 7,3 | 13,7 | 30% |
| Net Commision | 17,7 | 23,6 | 35,7 | 26% |
| Net Banking Income | 23,9 | 30,9 | 49,3 | 27% |
| Operating costs | (9,8) | (11,6) | (14,7) | 14% |
| Net Profit | 9,5 | 12,1 | 21,5 | 31% |
| BS (€ mn) | 2021A | 2022A ADJ | 2024E | CAGR '21-'24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash & Cash Equivalents | 33,5 | 43,7 | 54,7 | 18% |
| Financial Assets | 321,0 | 385,4 | 697,9 | 30% |
| Other Assets | 10,8 | 14,6 | 13,8 | 9% |
| Total Assets | 365,3 | 443,8 | 766,5 | 28% |
| Financial Liabilities | 314,6 | 368,4 | 648,5 | 27% |
| Other Liabilities | 18,7 | 17,4 | 36,7 | 25% |
| Shareholder's Equity | 32,0 | 58,0 | 81,3 | 36% |
| Total Liabilities | 365,3 | 443,8 | 766,5 | 28% |
| KPI (%) | 2021A | 2022A ADJ | 2024E | CAGR '21-'24 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net Banking Income / Average Loans | 9,6% | 8,7% | 8,0% | n.a. |
| Interest Margin / Net Banking Income | 26,0% | 23,5% | 27,8% | n.a. |
| Cost Income Ratio | 40,9% | 37,7% | 29,7% | n.a. |
| ROE | 42,0% | 26,3% | 36,0% | n.a. |
| CET1 Ratio | 9,4% | 14,6% | 11,2% | n.a. |
| Total Capital Ratio | 13,7% | 17,6% | 13,3% | n.a. |

Note: 2022A ADJ means that the values are neutralized from IPO costs € 1,6 mn (2) LTV: Loan to Value


1%
Assifact
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%



Generalfinance's Turnover data refers to December 31, 2023 Assifact's Turnover data refers to September 30, 2023 1) Household debtors have not been included
0 20 40 60 80
7
1)
Assifact


SIMPLE AND TRANSPARENT P&L PAIRED WITH ALMOST NO VOLATILITY OF FAIR VALUE / CREDIT ADJUSTMENT

| EMARKET SDIR |
|---|
| CERTIFIED |
| PRO SOLVENDO TRANSACTION | Formula | P&L Accounting | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Invoice's nominal value | 100,000.00 | a | |
| Advance rate | 80.00% | b | |
| Gross disbursed amount | 80,000.00 | c = a x b | |
| Maturity of disbursed amount (days) | 69 | e | |
| Contractual interest rate (floating) | 7.50% | f | |
| Interest revenues | 1,167.12 | g = ( c x f x (e+2) ) / 365 | Prepayment |
| DSO | 70 | h | |
| Monthly commission rate | 0.40% | i | |
| Commission revenues | 933.33 | l = a x i x (h/30) | Prepayment |
| Total revenues | 2,100.46 | m = g + l | Prepayment |
| Net disbursed amount | 77,899.54 | n = c - m | |
| Delay in payment (days) | 8 | o | |
| Delay in payment interest rate | 7.00% | p | |
| Delay in payment commission rate | 0.50% | q | |
| Delay in payment interest revenues | 122.74 | r = ( c x p x o) / 365 | Cash basis |
| Delay in payment commission revenues | 133.33 | s = a x q x (o/30) | Cash basis |
| Delay in payment total revenues | 256.07 | t = r + s | Cash basis |
| Non-advance amount | 20,000.00 | u = a - c | |
| Net settlement | 19,743.93 | v = u - t |


The offsetting mechanism is a specific technicality of the Factoring Agreement, which is elaborated consistently with the Assifact standard
"The Factor will be entitled to retain sums and set off the debts (of every kind) due by the Factor to the Seller against the Receivables (of every kind) due from the Seller to the Factor, including the Receivables due from the Seller to third parties and assigned to/guaranteed by the Factor.
Should the Seller default on any of its payment obligations, the Factor will be able to treat its Receivables as liquid and payable, even if not already fallen due. Offsets by the Seller require the prior written consent of the Factor".
A PRACTICAL EXAMPLE:
Seller A
| ID Borrower | Nominal Value (A) | LTV (B) | Disbursement (C) = (A x B) |
Unpaid | Amount Collected (D) |
Amounts not advanced to be settled (D - C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | Yes | - | - |
| 2 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 3 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 4 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 5 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 6 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 7 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 8 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 9 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 10 | 100.000,00 | 80% | 80.000,00 | No | 100.000,00 | 20.000,00 |
| 1.000.000,00 | 800.000,00 | 900.000,00 | 180.000,00 | |||
| Debts of the Factor | 180.000,00 | |||||
| Unpaid debts | ||||||
| compensated | 80.000,00 | |||||
| Netting to be liquidated | 100.000,00 |
In FY 2021, Generalfinance paid an average advance equal to 80% of Turnover. With regard to the prosolvendo factoring, Generalfinance is entitled to set off amounts owed by the Sellers to it against amounts owed by Generalfinance to the Sellers based on specific clauses included in the factoring agreement.
The Company has a high Debtor/Seller ratio equal to 58, growing steadily over the last 3 financial years, against an average of the Italian factoring market calculated excluding private assigned Debtors - equal to 101, which expands the possibilities of offsetting between receivables and debit items against the Sellers as part of pro-solvendo transactions.





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