Investor Presentation • Mar 7, 2019
Investor Presentation
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Rolf Buch, CEO Helene von Roeder, CFO
| Agenda | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results | Valuation | New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix |
| Results | 3 |
|---|---|
| Valuation | 10 |
| New Construction | 14 |
| Financing | 15 |
| European Activities | 17 |
| Guidance | 18 |
| Appendix | 20 |
| Highlights | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results | Valuation New Construction |
Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix |
| 2018 is Vonovia's | sixth set of full-year results since the IPO. As in each prior year, all important KPIs have improved over the preceding year, underlining the stability of Vonovia's |
business model and the sustainability of our performance. | |||
| Operations | Organic rent growth of 4.4% EBITDA Rental €1,315.1m (+14.5%) EBITDA Value-add €121.2m (+18.7%) |
||||
| Cash Earnings & Dividend |
FFO 1 €1,064.7m (+15.8%) FFO 1 €2.06 (+8.4%) per end-of-period NOSH Dividend per share of €1.44 to be proposed to the AGM on May 16 |
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| Valuation | Adj. NAV per share €44.90 as of Dec. 31, 2018 L-f-l portfolio value growth of 13% 2.2% performance 3.1% investments 7.7% yield compression |
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| Capital Structure |
LTV 42.8% as of YE2018 Net debt/EBITDA multiple of 11.4x |
We are well-positioned to continue on our upward trajectory and confident in our ability to deliver sustainable growth in 2019 and beyond.
| Rental income: +0.7% | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adj. EBITDA Operations: +4.0% | ||||
| FFO 1: +9.8% | ||||
| Delta | 2017 | 2018 | Vonovia excl. Buwog & Victoria Park |
|
| -3.2% | 352,848 | 341,589 | # | Average number of residential units |
| +0.7% | 1,667.9 | 1,680.4 | €m | Rental income |
| +1.6% | -258.0 | -262.1 | €m | Maintenance expenses |
| -12.8% | -261.3 | -227.9 | €m | Operating expenses |
| +3.6% | 1,148.7 | 1,190.3 | €m | Adj. EBITDA Rental |
| +17.9% | 102.1 | 120.3 | €m | Adj. EBITDA Value-add |
| +4.0% | 1,222.9 | 1,271.8 | €m | Adj. EBITDA Operations |
| -13.4% | -287.5 | -248.9 | €m | Interest expense FFO 1 |
| -15.4% | -15.9 | -13.5 | €m | Current income taxes FFO 1 |
| +9.8% | 919.5 | 1,009.4 | €m | FFO 1 |
Results Valuation New Construction Financing European Activities Guidance Appendix
Average portfolio volume excluding Buwog and Victoria Park declined by 3.2%
| Results | Valuation | New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive rent growth trajectory | ||||||||||
| Rent growth drivers (last 12M) |
2018 | 2017 | Delta | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
| Market driven | 1.6% | 1.6% | 1.7% | 1.5% | 1.6% | 1.3% | ||||
| Sitting tenants (incl. subsidized rents) |
0.9% | 1.2% | -30bps | Modernization | 0.4% | 0.9% | 1.2% | 1.8% | 2.5% | 2.9% |
| Space creation | --- | --- | --- | --- | 0.1% | 0.2% | ||||
| New lettings (with no material investment) |
0.4% | 0.4% | --- | Organic rent growth | 1.9% | 2.5% | 2.9% | 3.3% | 4.2% | 4.4% |
| Subtotal market driven rent growth |
1.3% | 1.6% | -30bps | |||||||
| Modernization (including new lettings with investments |
2.9% | 2.5% | +40bps | |||||||
| Optimize Apartments) | Investment track record (€m) | |||||||||
| Subtotal l-f-l rent growth |
4.2% | 4.1% | +10bps | New Construction Upgrade Buildings |
1,300 - 1,600 |
|||||
| Optimize Apartments | 1,139 | |||||||||
| Space creation | 0.2% | 0.1% | +10bps | 778 | ||||||
| 172 | 347 | 472 | ||||||||
| Organic rent growth |
4.4% | 4.2% | +20bps | 71 2013 2014 |
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019E |
| Adj. EBITDA Operations margin | €m | FY 2018 | FY 2017 | Delta | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VNA standalone adj. | |||||
| EBITDA Operations margin of 75.5% |
Rental income | 1,894.2 | 1,667.9 | +13.6% | |
| 67.7% | 73.6% 73.1% 70.9% |
Maintenance expenses | -289.7 | -258.0 | +12.3% |
| Operating expenses | -289.4 | -261.2 | +10.8% | ||
| 63.8% 60.8% 60.0% |
Adj. EBITDA Rental | 1,315.1 | 1,148.7 | +14.5% | |
| Income | 1,462.2 | 1,170.5 | +24.9% | ||
| of which external | 203.9 | 161.6 | +26.2% | ||
| of which internal | 1,258.3 | 1,008.9 | +24.7% | ||
| Operating expenses | -1,341.0 | -1,068.4 | +25.5% | ||
| Adj. EBITDA Value-add | 121.2 | 102.1 | +18.7% | ||
| IPO 2013 2014 2015 |
2016 2017 2018 |
Adj. EBITDA Other (Consolidation) | -38.8 | -27.9 | +39.1% |
| EBITDA Operations Margin | |||||
| Adj. EBITDA Operations | 1,397.5 | 1,222.9 | +14.3% | ||
| FFO 1 Growth | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results | Valuation | New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix |
| €m (unless indicated otherwise) |
FY 2018 | FY 2017 | Delta |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adj. EBITDA Operations | 1,397.5 | 1,222.9 | 14.3% |
| Interest expense FFO 1 |
-317.4 | -287.5 | 10.4% |
| Current income taxes FFO 1 | -15.4 | -15.9 | -3.1% |
| FFO 1 | 1,064.7 | 919.5 | 15.8% |
| of which attributable to Vonovia's shareholders |
1,002.4 | 864.9 | 15.9% |
| of which attributable to Vonovia's perpetual hybrid capital investors |
40.0 | 40.0 | 0.0% |
| of which attributable to non-controlling interests | 22.3 | 14.6 | 52.7% |
| Capitalized maintenance | -137.7 | -85.7 | 60.7% |
| AFFO | 927.0 | 833.8 | 11.2% |
| Adjusted EBITDA Sales | 208.3 | 112.1 | 85.8% |
| Current income taxes FFO 2 | -53.9 | -19.2 | >100% |
| FFO 2 | 1,219.1 | 1,012.4 | 20.4% |
| FFO 1 € / share (eop NOSH) (2018: 518m; 2017: 485m) |
2.06 | 1.90 | 8.4% |
| FFO 1 € / share (avg. NOSH) (2018: 506m; 2017: 476m) |
2.11 | 1.93 | 9.1% |
| Value-add Growth | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results | Valuation | New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix |
| Concept | Value-add and NAV |
|---|---|
| Insourcing of services to ensure maximum process management and cost control. |
NAV does not account for Vonovia's Value-add |
| Expansion of core business to generate additional revenues by walking back the value chain and offering services that were previously provided by third parties (internalization of margin). |
Segment. Applying the impairment test discount rate1 to the 2019E Adj. EBITDA Value-add suggests an additional |
| Two types of Value-add 1.Internal savings (craftsmen) ca. 75% 2.External income (e.g. multimedia, smart metering, energy) ca. 25% |
value of ~€5 per share (~11% on top of 2018 Adj. NAV). |
| Strong Sales Results | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results | Valuation | New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix | |
| Total sales volume in 2018 was 15,102 residential units (prior-year period: 11,780), of which 2,818 were Recurring Sales |
(prior-year period: 2,608) and 12,284 Non-core Disposals (prior-year period: 9,172).
| RECURRING SALES | NON-CORE DISPOSALS | TOTAL | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| €m (unless indicated otherwise) |
2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 | 2018 | 2017 |
| Income from disposal | 356.1 | 305.9 | 741.4 | 900.5 | 1,097.5 | 1,206.4 |
| Fair value of disposal | -262.8 | -230.6 | -602.9 | -834.9 | -865.7 | -1,065.5 |
| Adj. profit from disposal | 93.3 | 75.3 | 138.5 | 65.6 | 231.8 | 140.9 |
| Fair value step-up (%) | 35.5% | 32.7% | 23.0% | 7.9% |
| Selling costs | -23.4 | -28.8 |
|---|---|---|
| Adj. EBITDA Sales | 208.3 | 112.1 |
| Results | Valuation | New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adj. NAV increased by 24.6% (16.7% per share).
| €m | Dec. 31, | Dec 31, |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| (unless indicated otherwise) |
2018 | 2017 | |
| Equity attributable to Vonovia's shareholders |
17,880.2 | 15,080.8 | |
| Deferred taxes on investment properties | 8,161 | 6,185.7 | |
| Fair value of derivative financial instruments1 | 87.2 | 26.9 | |
| Deferred taxes on derivative financial instruments |
-23.5 | -8.8 | |
| EPRA NAV | 26,105.0 | 21,284.6 | |
| Goodwill | -2,842.4 | -2,613.5 | |
| Adj. NAV | 23,262.6 | 18,671.1 | +24.6% |
| EPRA NAV €/share2 | 50.39 | 43.88 | |
| Adj. NAV €/share2 | 44.90 | 38.49 | +16.7% |
| Is Adj. NAV a good proxy for the value of a |
|---|
| diverse operating business? |
| By definition, the Adj. NAV |
| reflects the brick and mortar value of the |
| buildings |
| applies market terms and assumes the |
| properties are owned by "anyone" |
| This approach does not adequately account for |
| the Value-add Segment |
| the cost advantage and operating platform |
| of a professional owner |
| the Development profit |
| the Recurring Sales profit |
| Valuation KPIs | Vonovia Total |
Germany | Sweden | Austria |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In-place rent multiple |
21.2x | 21.5x | 14.6x1 | 23.6x1 |
| Fair value €/sqm |
1,648 | 1,677 | 1,563 | 1,346 |
| Fair value €bn |
44.2 | 39.5 | 1.8 | 2.9 |
| Market rent growth assumption2 |
--- | 1.7% | 2.0% | 0.9% |
| Value growth drivers (€m) | FY2018 | FY2017 |
|---|---|---|
| Performance | 9723 | 1,079 |
| Investments | 944 | 695 |
| Yield compression |
2,665 | 2,455 |
| Total | 4,581 | 4,229 |
1 In-place rents in Austria and Sweden are not fully comparable to Germany, as Sweden, for example, includes certain ancillary costs. 2 Market rent growth assumption in valuation model. 3 Includes a small positive currency impact from a value increase in Swedish Krona.
| Results Valuation |
New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regional Market | Fair value (€/sqm) |
Multiple (in-place rent) |
Impact from yield |
Total | value uplift | ||
| Southern Ruhr Area (Dortmund, Essen, Bochum) |
1,240 | 17.8 | compression 12.1% |
Kiel 11.5% | |||
| Bremen | 1,451 | 21.6 | 10.1% | ||||
| Berlin | 2,370 | 29.7 | 9.8% | Hamburg 12.6% | |||
| Stuttgart | 2,166 | 23.3 | 8.7% | Bremen 14.7% | |||
| Freiburg | 2,162 | 24.5 | 8.5% | Berlin 15.9% | |||
| Leipzig | 1,395 | 19.9 | 8.0% | Hanover 13.7% | |||
| Rhineland (Cologne, Düsseldorf, Bonn) | 1,743 | 20.8 | 7.9% | Westphalia 16.5% | |||
| Hamburg | 1,915 | 22.9 | 7.7% | N. Ruhr Area 11.5% S. Ruhr Area 17.8% |
|||
| Kiel | 1,371 | 18.7 | 7.6% | Rhineland 11.7% | Leipzig 13.5% Dresden 8.4% |
||
| Rhine Main Area (Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Wiesbaden) |
2,199 | 22.8 | 7.5% | ||||
| Westphalia (Münster, Osnabrück) | 1,257 | 17.9 | 6.9% | ||||
| Hanover | 1,549 | 20.1 | 6.6% | Rhine Main 12.7% | |||
| Munich | 3,132 | 31.7 | 6.4% | ||||
| Northern Ruhr Area (Duisburg, Gelsenkirchen) |
956 | 14.3 | 5.0% | ||||
| Dresden | 1,360 | 19.1 | 3.8% | ||||
| Other Strategic Locations | 1,508 | 19.4 | 6.0% | Stuttgart 14.4% | Munich 13.2% | ||
| Total Strategic Locations | 1,683 | 21.5 | 7.9% | ||||
| Vonovia Germany1 | 1,677 | 21.5 | 7.8% | Freiburg 10.8% | >13% <13% |
While value growth was broad-based and largely homogeneous across the different regional markets, supportive of our strategy to focus on Germany's urban growth regions, underlying valuation levels differ significantly.
1 Including Non-strategic locations.
FY2018 Earnings Call
No impact on Adj. NAV, as the impairment only affects the goodwill and hence the EPRA NAV.
1 2018 and 2019 incl. Buwog.
Under construction
Under construction
| €m (unless indicated otherwise) |
Dec. 31, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-derivative financial liabilities |
20,136.0 | 20,053.2 | 14,060.5 |
| Foreign exchange rate effects | -33.5 | -31.5 | -23.5 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | -547.7 | -507.3 | -266.2 |
| Net debt | 19,554.8 | 19,514.4 | 13,770.8 |
| Sales receivables | -256.7 | -273.2 | -201.2 |
| Adj. net debt |
19,298.1 | 19,241.2 | 13,569.6 |
| Fair value of real estate portfolio | 44,239.9 | 41,948.6 | 33,436.3 |
| Shares in other real estate companies | 800.3 | 733.6 | 642.2 |
| Adj. fair value of real estate portfolio | 45,040.2 | 42,682.2 | 34,078.5 |
| LTV | 42.8% | 45.1% | 39.8% |
| LTV (incl. perpetual hybrid) |
45.1% | 47.5% | 42.8% |
| Net debt/EBITDA multiple1 | 11.4x | --- | 9.9x |
1 Adj. net debt quarterly average over Total EBITDA.
FY2018 Earnings Call
| Results | Valuation | New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KPI / criteria | Dec. 31, 2018 | ||||||
| Unwavering commitment to investment | Corporate rating (S&P) | BBB+ | |||||
| LTV | 42.8% | ||||||
| grade rating | Net | debt/EBITDA multiple1 | 11.4x | ||||
| Maintain diverse funding mix to | ICR | 4.7 | |||||
| ratio2 Fixed/hedged debt |
96% | ||||||
| preserve best possible optionality | debt2 Average cost of |
1.8% | |||||
| LTV target range of 40%-45% | Weighted average maturity2 | 7.8 years | |||||
| Unencumbered assets | 56% |
1Adj. net debt quarterly average over Total EBITDA. 2Excl. equity hybrid. 3 Incl. Jan 2019 Bond and secured loan.
| Austria (run a scalable business) |
Sweden (main focus) |
France (biggest long-term potential) |
The Netherlands (no active role) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of total portfolio |
~6% | ~4% | Not meaningful | 0% |
| Next steps | • Gradual asset rotation via recurring sales of mature assets and development of new assets in a similar magnitude • Run scalable operating business • Follow accretive acquisition opportunities on an opportunistic basis |
• Pursue accretive acquisition opportunities on an opportunistic basis • Add Vonovia experience and skill set and use Victoria Park as a platform to further grow in the Swedish residential market • Demonstrate success and sustainability of Vonovia business model to show it also works outside of Germany |
• Utilize 10% stake in SNCF portfolio to gain more profound understanding of the market • Safeguard pole position and first-mover advantage for potential opening of social housing to commercial ownership • Pursue accretive acquisition opportunities on an opportunistic basis if and when legislation changes and allows the payout of economic dividends from social housing |
• Continue market research • Be prepared for accretive acquisition opportunities on an opportunistic basis |
| 2019 Guidance | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results | Valuation | New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix |
| 2018 Actuals1 | 2019 Guidance1 | |
|---|---|---|
| Organic rent growth (eop) | 4.4% | ~4.4% |
| Rental Income (€m) | 1,894.2 | 2,020 – 2,070 |
| Recurring Sales (# of units) | 2,818 | ~2,500 |
| FV step-up Recurring Sales | 35.5% | ~30% |
| EBITDA (€m) | 1,397.5 | 1,650 – 1,700 |
| FFO (€m) | 1,064.7 | 1,140 – 1,190 |
| FFO (€/share) | 2.06 | 2.20 – 2.30 |
| Dividend (€/share) |
1.442 | ~70% of Group FFO |
| Modernization & New Construction (€m) | 1,139.0 | 1,300 - 1,600 |
| Underlying number of shares (million) | 518.1 | 518.1 |
1 Based on the financial KPIs employed by management (2018: EBITDA Operations and FFO 1. 2019: Total EBITDA and Group FFO). 2 To be proposed to the 2019 AGM in May and based on the current number of outstanding shares.
| Results | Valuation | New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contact | Financial Calendar 2019 | |||||
| Rene Hoffmann | Mar 8 | Roadshow in Frankfurt (Commerzbank) |
||||
| Head of Investor Relations | Mar 18-19 | Roadshow in London (Deutsche |
Bank) | |||
| Vonovia SE | Mar 20 | Roadshow in Paris (BAML) |
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| Universitätsstraße 133 | Mar 25 | Roadshow in Amsterdam (Kempen) |
||||
| 44803 Bochum | Mar 18-19 | Roadshow in London (Bankhaus |
Lampe)1 | |||
| Germany | Mar 28 | Conferences in London (Commerzbank & BAML)1 |
||||
| Apr 3 |
Conference in Baden-Baden (Bankhaus | Lampe)1 | ||||
| +49 234 314 1629 | Apr 10-12 |
Roadshow in Asia (Seoul, Hong Kong, Singapore) |
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| [email protected] | May 7 | Interim results 3M 2019 | ||||
| [email protected] | May 16 | Annual General Meeting | ||||
| May 17 | Conference in Paris (Kepler Cheuvreux)1 | |||||
| May 21 | Conference in Tarrytown, New York (Berenberg) | 1 | ||||
| App & Website | May 22 | Conference in Amsterdam (Kempen) | ||||
| May 24 | Conference in Frankfurt (HSBC)1 | |||||
| Jun 4-5 | Capital Markets Day | |||||
| Jun 6 | Conference in Berlin (Deutsche Bank) | |||||
| Jun 7 | Conference in Paris (Goldman Sachs) | |||||
| Jun 12 | Conference in Paris (Exane | BNP Paribas) | ||||
| Jun 27 | Issuer & Investor Debt Forum in Frankfurt (Deutsche Bank) | |||||
| Aug 2 | Interim results 6M 2019 | |||||
| Sep 20 | Conference in London (Société | Generale) | ||||
| Sep 23 | Conference in Munich (Goldman Sachs / Berenberg) | |||||
| Sep 24 | Conference in Munich (Baader) | 1 | ||||
| https://investors.vonovia.de | Sep 26 | Fixed Income RE Conference in London (Morgan Stanley) | ||||
| Nov 5 | Interim results 9M 2019 | |||||
| The most | up-to-date financial calendar |
is always |
available online. |
|||
| 1 IR level |
| Appendix | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results | Valuation | New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix |
| Strategy | 21-23 |
|---|---|
| Regional Markets & Portfolio Clustering |
24-25 |
| Fair Value per sqm Evolution |
26 |
| Portfolio Evolution | 27 |
| Investments | 28 |
| Acquisition Track Record |
29-30 |
| FY 2018 – Additional Data |
31-33 |
| Financing Details | 34-35 |
| Residential Market Data |
36-39 |
| VNA Shares | 40-42 |
| Management Compensation |
43-45 |
| Disclaimer | 46 |
FY2018 Earnings Call
1 Historic range. 2 CAGR since 2013 fair value uplift through performance and investments (excluding yield compression).
| 2018 | Rental | Value-add | Develop ment |
Recurring Sales |
Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revenues | 1,894.2 | 1,462.2 | 323.1 | 356.1 | |||
| Costs | -579.1 | -1,341.0 | -283.7 | -277.0 | |||
| Adj. EBITDA | 1,315.1 | 121.2 | 39.4 | 79.1 | 1,554.8 | ||
| Interest | -328.8 | ||||||
| Taxes | -36.5 | ||||||
| Consolidation | -57.5 | ||||||
| Group FFO | 1,132.0 | ~1,082 | |||||
| Group FFO (€/share) |
2.18 | rebased | ~2.09 | ||||
Minus ~€20m impact from 2018 disposals Minus ~€20m Customer First Program included in 2019 Minus ~€10m from normalizing 2018 sales margin to 30%
| Results Valuation |
New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fair value1 | In-place rent | |||||||||||
| Regional Market | (€m) | (€/sqm) | Residential units |
Vacancy (%) |
Total (p.a., €m) |
Residential (p.a., €m) |
Residential (€/sqm/ month) |
Organic rent growth LTM (%) |
Multiple (in-place rent) |
Purchase power index (market data)2 |
Market rent increase forecast Valuation (% p.a.) |
Average rent growth LTM (%) from Optimize Apartments |
| Berlin | 6,536 | 2,370 | 41,943 | 1.4 | 220 | 209 | 6.62 | 4.1 | 29.7 | 80.4 | 1.8 | 48.6 |
| Rhine Main Area (Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Wiesbaden) | 3,950 | 2,199 | 27,673 | 1.3 | 173 | 168 | 8.05 | 4.4 | 22.8 | 105.0 | 1.8 | 40.9 |
| Rhineland (Cologne, Düsseldorf, Bonn) | 3,424 | 1,743 | 28,839 | 2.4 | 165 | 157 | 7.02 | 3.7 | 20.8 | 102.0 | 1.7 | 29.2 |
| Southern Ruhr Area (Dortmund, Essen, Bochum) | 3,354 | 1,240 | 43,498 | 3.2 | 189 | 183 | 5.93 | 5.5 | 17.8 | 88.5 | 1.5 | 31.5 |
| Dresden | 3,104 | 1,360 | 38,424 | 2.9 | 163 | 153 | 6.02 | 3.9 | 19.1 | 81.8 | 1.7 | 30.4 |
| Hamburg | 2,456 | 1,915 | 19,842 | 1.3 | 107 | 103 | 6.93 | 3.9 | 22.9 | 98.4 | 1.6 | 40.9 |
| Munich | 2,051 | 3,132 | 9,679 | 0.7 | 65 | 61 | 8.04 | 4.4 | 31.7 | 121.8 | 1.8 | 54.5 |
| Stuttgart | 1,936 | 2,166 | 13,840 | 1.7 | 83 | 80 | 7.78 | 3.2 | 23.3 | 104.5 | 1.8 | 40.4 |
| Kiel | 1,910 | 1,371 | 23,376 | 1.9 | 102 | 97 | 6.14 | 4.7 | 18.7 | 74.8 | 1.6 | 39.8 |
| Hanover | 1,623 | 1,549 | 16,322 | 2.8 | 81 | 78 | 6.49 | 4.9 | 20.1 | 90.1 | 1.7 | 37.6 |
| Northern Ruhr Area (Duisburg, Gelsenkirchen) | 1,567 | 956 | 26,277 | 3.1 | 110 | 106 | 5.63 | 4.7 | 14.3 | 81.7 | 1.2 | 25.5 |
| Bremen | 1,071 | 1,451 | 11,846 | 3.3 | 49 | 47 | 5.67 | 3.8 | 21.6 | 84.2 | 1.8 | 29.7 |
| Leipzig | 868 | 1,395 | 9,191 | 2.8 | 44 | 41 | 5.96 | 3.9 | 19.9 | 74.5 | 1.7 | 22.4 |
| Westphalia (Münster, Osnabrück) | 783 | 1,257 | 9,495 | 3.3 | 44 | 43 | 5.96 | 6.0 | 17.9 | 92.4 | 1.5 | 39.9 |
| Freiburg | 602 | 2,162 | 4,036 | 1.3 | 25 | 24 | 7.31 | 4.6 | 24.5 | 85.4 | 1.7 | 44.9 |
| Other Strategic Locations | 2,605 | 1,508 | 26,670 | 2.6 | 135 | 129 | 6.55 | 4.9 | 19.4 | - | 1.6 | 40.8 |
| Total Strategic Locations Germany | 37,839 | 1,689 | 350,951 | 2.3 | 1,754 | 1,679 | 6.56 | 4.4 | 21.6 | - | 1.7 | 36.2 |
| Non-Strategic | 790 | 1,250 | 7,500 | 4.8 | 43 | 37 | 6.16 | 0.9 | 18.5 | - | 1.7 | 20.7 |
| Germany total | 38,628 | 1,677 | 358,451 | 2.4 | 1,796 | 1,716 | 6.55 | 4.3 | 21.5 | - | 1.7 | 36.1 |
| Austria | 2,517 | 1,346 | 23,030 | 4.4 | 107 | 90 | 4.53 | - | 23.6 | - | 0.9 | - |
| Sweden | 1,738 | 1,563 | 14,288 | 1.2 | 119 | 110 | 9.11 | - | 14.6 | - | 2.0 | - |
| Total Vonovia | 42,883 | 1,648 | 395,769 | 2.4 | 2,022 | 1,915 | 6.52 | 4.4 | 21.2 | - | 1.6 | n/a |
Note: In-place rents in Austria and Sweden are not fully comparable to Germany, as Sweden, for example, includes certain ancillary costs. The table above shows the rental level unadjusted to the German definition. Data for Strategic Locations also includes Recurring Sales assets in those markets.
1Fair value of the developed land excluding €1,356.8m, of which €405.1m undeveloped land and inheritable building rights granted, €302.5m assets under construction, €492.6m development and €156.6m other. 2 Source: GfK (2018). Data refers to the specific cities indicated in the tables, weighted by the number of houeholds where applicable.
| Dec. 31, 2018 | Residential | In-place rent | Fair value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| units | (€/sqm/month) | (€m) | % of total | (€/qm) | ||
| Operate | 74,775 | 6.83 | 8,594 | 20% | 1,669 | |
| Invest | 248,281 | 6.47 | 25,766 | 60% | 1,678 | |
| Strategic | 323,056 | 6.55 | 34,360 | 80% | 1,676 | |
| Recurring Sales | 29,563 | 6.70 | 3,670 | 9% | 1,811 | |
| Non-core | 5,832 | 6.04 | 598 | 1% | 1,184 | |
| Vonovia Germany | 358,451 | 6.55 | 38,628 | 90% | 1,677 | |
| Vonovia Austria | 23,030 | 4.53 | 2,517 | 6% | 1,346 | |
| Vonovia Sweden | 14,288 | 9.11 | 1,738 | 4% | 1,563 | |
| Vonovia Total | 395,769 | 6.52 | 42,883 | 100% | 1,648 |
Note: In-place rents in Austria and Sweden are not fully comparable to Germany, as Sweden, for example, includes certain ancillary costs. The table above shows the rental level unadjusted to the German definition. 1Fair value of the developed land excluding €1,356.8m, of which €405.1m undeveloped land and inheritable building rights granted, €302.5m assets under construction, €492.6m development and €156.6m other.
| Conservative | Valuation | Levels | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results | Valuation | New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix |
In-place values are still way below replacement values, in spite of accelerating valuation growth in recent years.
Note: VNA 2010 – 2014 refers to Deutsche Annington Portfolio at the time; construction costs excluding land. The land value refers to the share of total fair value allocated to land.
Vonovia location
High-influx cities ("Schwarmstädte"). For more information: http://investoren.vonovia.de/websites/vonovia/English/4050/financial-reports-_-presentations.html
Yield on cost is a substantial element in the overall return on investment. Especially more complex investments such as comprehensive upgrade building modernizations, new constructions and neighborhood developments, however, which are more long-term in nature, are measured based on an IRR. Our target IRR for the investment program is between 9-10%. For the 2015 and 2016 investment programs the IRR was 10.3% and 10.1%, respectively.
FY2018 Earnings Call
| Acquisition | Track Record | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results | Valuation | New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix |
| Fair Value (€/sqm) | In-place rent (€/sqm) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Deal | Residential units # |
TOP Locations | @ Acquisition | Dec. 31, 2018 | ∆ | @ Acquisition | Dec. 31, 2018 | ∆ |
| 2014 | DEWAG | 11,300 | Berlin, Hamburg, Cologne, Frankfurt/Main |
1,344 | 2,227 | 66% | 6.76 | 7.88 | 17% |
| VITUS | 20,500 | Bremen, Kiel | 807 | 1,383 | 71% | 5.06 | 5.81 | 15% | |
| GAGFAH | 144,600 | Dresden, Berlin, Hamburg | 889 | 1,602 | 80% | 5.40 | 6.35 | 17% | |
| 2015 | FRANCONIA | 4,100 | Berlin, Dresden | 1,044 | 1,859 | 78% | 5.82 | 6.70 | 15% |
| SÜDEWO | 19,400 | Stuttgart, Karlsruhe, Mannheim, Ulm |
1,380 | 1,993 | 44% | 6.83 | 7.45 | 9% | |
| 2016 | GRAINGER | 2,400 | Munich, Mannheim | 1,501 | 2,202 | 47% | 7.09 | 7.95 | 12% |
| CONWERT (Germany & Austria) |
23,400 | Berlin, Leipzig, Potsdam, Vienna |
1,353 | 1,826 | 35% | 5.88 | 6.34 | 8% | |
| 2017 | thereof Germany | 21,200 | Berlin, Leipzig, Potsdam | 1,218 | 1,710 | 40% | 5.86 | 6.29 | 7% |
| thereof Austria | 2,200 | Vienna | 1,986 | 2,436 | 23% | 6.11 | 6.69 | 10% | |
| PROIMMO | 1,000 | Hanover | 1,617 | 1,671 | 3% | 6.63 | 6.77 | 2% | |
| BUWOG (Germany & Austria) |
48,300 | Berlin, Lübeck, Vienna, Villach |
1,244 | 1,354 | 9% | 5.10 | 5.25 | 3% | |
| 2018 | thereof Germany | 27,000 | Berlin, Lübeck, Kiel | 1,330 | 1,530 | 15% | 5.96 | 6.19 | 4% |
| thereof Austria | 21,300 | Vienna, Villach, Graz | 1,157 | 1,190 | 3% | 4.21 | 4.34 | 3% | |
| VICTORIA PARK (Sweden) |
14,000 | Stockholm, Malmö, Gothenburg |
1,462 | 1,563 | 7% | 8.83 | 9.11 | 3% | |
| Total | 289,000 |
Note: Excluding smaller tactical acquisitions
| IFRS P&L | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results Valuation |
New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix |
| €m (unless indicated otherwise) | 2018 | 2017 | Delta | ||
| Income from property letting | 2,647.9 | 2,344.0 | 13.0% | ||
| Other income from property management | 60.3 | 47.6 | 26.7% | ||
| Income from property management | 2,708.2 | 2,391.6 | 13.2% | ||
| Income from disposal of properties | 1,097.5 | 1,206.4 | -9.0% | ||
| Carrying amount of properties sold | -933.7 | -1,136,0 | -17.8% | ||
| Revaluation of assets held for sale | 68.5 | 81.1 | -15.5% | ||
| Profit on disposal of properties | 232.3 | 151.5 | 53.3% | ||
| Income from the disposal of properties (Development) |
225.1 | - | |||
| Cost of sold properties |
-181.8 | - | |||
| Profit on the disposal of properties (Development) |
43.3 | - | |||
| Net income from fair value adjustments of investment properties | 3,517.9 | 3,434.1 | 2.4% | ||
| Capitalized internal expenses | 608.2 | 458.1 | 32.8% | ||
| Cost of materials | -1,381,0 | -1,176.4 | 17.4% | ||
| Personnel expenses | -513.1 | -416,0 | 23.3% | ||
| Depreciation and amortization | -737.9 | -372.2 | 98.2% | ||
| Other operating income | 132.2 | 110.7 | 19.4% | ||
| Impairment losses form financial assets |
-21.6 | -23,0 | -6.1% | ||
| Profit/loss from derecognition | of financial assets valued at amortized cost | 1.0 | 2.0 | -50.0% | |
| Other operating expenses | -300.0 | -246.8 | 21.6% | ||
| Earnings from at-equity shareholdings | 1.8 | 0.0 | |||
| Financial income | 32.1 | 46.8 | -31.4% | ||
| Financial expenses | -449.1 | -353,0 | 27.2% | ||
| Earnings before tax | 3,874.3 | 4,007.4 | -3.3% | ||
| Income taxes | -1,471.5 | -1,440.5 | 2.2% | ||
| Profit for the period | 2,402.8 | 2,566.9 | -6.4% | ||
| Attributable to: | |||||
| Vonovia's shareholders |
2,266.5 | 2,410.7 | -6.0% | ||
| Vonovia's hybrid capital investors |
40.0 | 40.0 | 0.0% | ||
| Non-controlling interests | 96.3 | 116.2 | -17.1% | ||
| Earnings per share (basic and diluted) in € | 4.48 | 5.06 | -11.5% |
| €m | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 | Delta |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assets | |||
| Intangible assets | 2,943.2 | 2,637.1 | 11.6% |
| Property, plant and equipment | 250.4 | 177.6 | 41.0% |
| Investment properties | 43,490.9 | 33,182.8 | 31.1% |
| Financial assets | 888.8 | 698,0 | 27.3% |
| Other assets | 12.2 | 13.8 | -11.6% |
| Deferred tax assets | 54.1 | 10.3 | >100% |
| Total non-current assets | 47,639.6 | 36,719.6 | 29.7% |
| Inventories | 8.8 | 6.2 | 41.9% |
| Trade receivables | 493.1 | 234.9 | >100% |
| Financial assets | 0.8 | 0.5 | 60.0% |
| Other assets | 114.4 | 98.4 | 16.3% |
| Income tax receivables | 170.2 | 47.9 | >100% |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 547.7 | 266.2 | >100% |
| Real estate inventories | 307.1 | - | |
Results Valuation New Construction Financing European Activities Guidance Appendix
Total current assets 1,748.0 796.7 >100%
Total assets 49,387.6 37,516.3 31.6%
| Results | Valuation | New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| €m | Dec 31, 2018 | Dec 31, 2017 |
Delta | |||
| Equity and liabilities | ||||||
| Subscribed capital | 518.1 | 485.1 | 6.8% | |||
| Capital reserves | 7,183.4 | 5,966.3 | 20.4% | |||
| Retained earnings | 9,942.0 | 8,471.6 | 17.4% | |||
| Other reserves | 236.7 | 157.8 | 50,0% | |||
| Total equity attributable to Vonovia's | shareholders | 17,880.2 | 15,080.8 | 18.6% | ||
| Equity attributable to hybrid capital investors | 1,001.6 | 1,001.6 | 0.0% | |||
| Total equity attributable to Vonovia's | shareholders and hybrid capital investors | 18,881.8 | 16,082.4 | 17.4% | ||
| Non-controlling interests | 782.3 | 608.8 | 28.5% | |||
| Total equity | 19,664.1 | 16,691.2 | 17.8% | |||
| Provisions | 616.7 | 607.2 | 1.6% | |||
| Trade payables | 4.4 | 2.4 | 83.3% | |||
| Non derivative financial liabilities | 17,437.5 | 12,459.4 | 40.0% | |||
| Derivatives | 69.8 | 8.7 | >100% | |||
| Liabilities from finance leases | 94.7 | 94.7 | 0.0% | |||
| Liabilities to non-controlling interests | 24.2 | 24.9 | -2.8% | |||
| Financial liabilities from tenant financing | 56.1 | - | ||||
| Other liabilities | 42.5 | 65.3 | -34.9% | |||
| Deferred tax liabilities | 7,231.9 | 5,322.6 | 35.9% | |||
| Total non-current liabilities | 25,577.8 | 18,585.2 | 37.6% | |||
| Provisions | 450.5 | 376.5 | 19.7% | |||
| Trade payables | 239.1 | 130.7 | 82.9% | |||
| Non derivative financial liabilities | 2,698.5 | 1,601.1 | 68.5% | |||
| Derivatives | 41.4 | 4.4 | >100% | |||
| Liabilities from finance leases | 4.7 | 4.6 | 2.2% | |||
| Liabilities to non-controlling interests | 9.0 | 9.0 | 0.0% | |||
| Financial liabilities from |
tenant financing |
104.7 | 7.7 | >100% | ||
| Other liabilities | 597.8 | 105.9 | >100% | |||
| Total current liabilities | 4,145.7 | 2,239.9 | 85.1% | |||
| Total liabilities | 29,723.5 | 20,825.1 | 42.7% | |||
| Total equity and liabilities | 49,387.6 | 37,516.3 | 31.6% |
| Bond KPIs | Covenant | Level | Dec. 31, 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LTV | <60% | 41% | ||
| Total Debt / Total Assets | ||||
| Secured LTV | <45% | 12% | ||
| Secured Debt / Total Assets |
||||
| ICR | >1.80x | 4.7x | ||
| Last 12M EBITDA / Last 12M Interest Expense Unencumbered Assets |
||||
| 208% | ||||
| Unencumbered Assets / Unsecured Debt | >125% |
| Rating KPIs | Covenant | Level (BBB+) |
|---|---|---|
| Debt to Capital Total Debt / Total Equity + Total Debt |
<60% | |
| ICR Last 12M EBITDA / Last 12M Interest Expense |
>1.80x |
| Bond 004 (USD-Bond) | 10 years 5.000% | US25155FAB22 | USD 250m | 98.993% | 4.580%1 | 02 Oct 2023 | BBB+ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bond 005 (EMTN) | 8 years 3.625% | DE000A1HRVD5 | € 500m |
99.843% | 3.625% | 08 Oct 2021 | BBB+ |
| Bond 006 (Hybrid) | 60 years 4.625% | XS1028959671 | € 700m |
99.782% | 4.625% | 08 Apr 2074 | BBB |
| Bond 007 (EMTN) | 8 years 2.125% | DE000A1ZLUN1 | € 500m |
99.412% | 2.125% | 09 July 2022 | BBB+ |
| Bond 008 (Hybrid) | perpetual 4% | XS1117300837 | € 1,000m |
100.000% | 4.000% | perpetual | BBB |
| Bond 009A (EMTN) | 5 years 0.875% | DE000A1ZY971 | € 500m |
99.263% | 0.875% | 30 Mar 2020 | BBB+ |
| Bond 009B (EMTN) | 10 years 1.500% | DE000A1ZY989 | € 500m |
98.455% | 1.5000% | 31 Mar 2025 | BBB+ |
| Bond 010B (EMTN) | 5 years 1.625% | DE000A18V138 | € 1,250m |
99.852% | 1.625% | 15 Dec 2020 | BBB+ |
| Bond 010C (EMTN) | 8 years 2.250% | DE000A18V146 | € 1,000m |
99.085% | 2.2500% | 15 Dec 2023 | BBB+ |
| Bond 011A (EMTN) | 6 years 0.875% | DE000A182VS4 | € 500m |
99.530% | 0.875% | 10 Jun 2022 | BBB+ |
| Bond 011B (EMTN) | 10 years 1.500% | DE000A182VT2 | € 500m |
99.165% | 1.5000% | 10 Jun 2026 | BBB+ |
| Bond 013 (EMTN) | 8 years 1.250% | DE000A189ZX0 | € 1,000m |
99.037% | 1.250% | 06 Dec 2024 | BBB+ |
| Bond 014A (EMTN) | 5 years 0.750% | DE000A19B8D4 | € 500m |
99.863% | 0.750% | 25 Jan 2022 | BBB+ |
| Bond 014B (EMTN) | 10 years 1.750% | DE000A19B8E2 | € 500m |
99.266% | 1.750% | 25 Jan 2027 | BBB+ |
| Bond 015 (EMTN) | 8 years 1.125% | DE000A19NS93 | € 500m |
99.386% | 1.125% | 08 Sep 2025 | BBB+ |
| Bond 016 (EMTN) | 2 years 3M EURIBOR+0.350% | DE000A19SE11 | € 500m |
100.448% | 3M EURIBOR+0.350% | 20 Nov 2019 | BBB+ |
| Bond 017A (EMTN) | 6 years 0.750% | DE000A19UR61 | € 500m |
99.330% | 0.750% | 15 Jan 2024 | BBB+ |
| Bond 017B (EMTN) | 10 years 1.500% | DE000A19UR79 | € 500m |
99.439% | 1.500% | 14 Jan 2028 | BBB+ |
| Bond 018A (EMTN) | 4.75 years 3M EURIBOR+0.450% | DE000A19X793 | € 600m |
100.000% | 0.793% hedged | 22 Dec 2022 | BBB+ |
| Bond 018B (EMTN) | 8 years 1.500% | DE000A19X8A4 | € 500m |
99.188% | 1.500% | 22 Mar 2026 | BBB+ |
| Bond 018C (EMTN) | 12 years 2.125% | DE000A19X8B2 | € 500m |
98.967% | 2.125% | 22 Mar 2030 | BBB+ |
| Bond 018D (EMTN) | 20 years 2.750% | DE000A19X8C0 | € 500m |
97.896% | 2.750% | 22 Mar 2038 | BBB+ |
| Bond 019 (EMTN) | 5 years 0.875% | DE000A192ZH7 | € 500m |
99.437% | 0.875% | 03 Jul 2023 | BBB+ |
| Bond 020 (EMTN) | 6.5 years 1.800% | DE000A2RWZZ6 | € 500m |
99.836% | 1.800% | 29 Jun 2025 | BBB+ |
| 1 EUR-equivalent Coupon |
Sources: Federal Statistics Office, GdW (German Association of Professional Homeowners), REIS, BofA Merrill Lynch Global Research, OECD. Note: Due to lack of q-o-q US rent growth data, the annual rent growth for a year is assumed to also be the q-o-q rent growth of that year.
Results Valuation New Construction Financing European Activities Guidance Appendix
Sources: Federal Statistics Office, IW Köln, GdW (German Association of Professional Homeowners)
Sources: German Federal Statistics Office, GdW (German Association of Professional Homeowners). 2035(E) household numbers are based on trend scenario of the German Federal Statistics Office.
Sources: United Nations, JLL Research, European Commission, Federal Statistics Office, Eurostat
FY2018 Earnings Call
Vonovia History
Final exit of private equity in 2014.
| Results Valuation |
New Construction | Financing European Activities Guidance Appendix |
|---|---|---|
| Date | NOSH (million) |
Comment |
| December 31, 2016 | 466.0 | |
| March 31, 2017 |
468.8 | conwert acquisition |
| June 30, 2017 | 476.5 | Scrip dividend |
| September 30, 2017 | 485.1 | Gagfah cross-border merger |
| December 31, 2017 | 485.1 | |
| March 31, 2018 | 485.1 | |
| June 30, 2018 |
518.1 | €1bn ABB in 05/2018; scrip dividend |
| September 30, 2018 | 518.1 | |
| December 31, 2018 | 518.1 |
The number of outstanding shares is always available at http://investoren.vonovia.de/websites/vonovia/English/2010/key-share-information.html
Share Holding Provision
100% of annual fixed remuneration (excl. pension) (accumulation on a pro rata basis during first 4 years)
Bonus cap at predetermined amount
Rationale
| Disclaimer | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results | Valuation | New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix |
This presentation has been specifically prepared by Vonovia SE and/or its affiliates (together, "Vonovia") for internal use. Consequently, it may not be sufficient or appropriate for the purpose for which a third party might use it.
This presentation has been provided for information purposes only and is being circulated on a confidential basis. This presentation shall be used only in accordance with applicable law, e.g. regarding national and international insider dealing rules, and must not be distributed, published or reproduced, in whole or in part, nor may its contents be disclosed by the recipient to any other person. Receipt of this presentation constitutes an express agreement to be bound by such confidentiality and the other terms set out herein.
This presentation includes statements, estimates, opinions and projections with respect to anticipated future performance of Vonovia ("forward-looking statements") which reflect various assumptions concerning anticipated results taken from Vonovia's current business plan or from public sources which have not been independently verified or assessed by Vonovia and which may or may not prove to be correct. Any forward-looking statements reflect current expectations based on the current business plan and various other assumptions and involve significant risks and uncertainties and should not be read as guarantees of future performance or results and will not necessarily be accurate indications of whether or not such results will be achieved. Any forward-looking statements only speak as at the date the presentation is provided to the recipient. It is up to the recipient of this presentation to make its own assessment of the validity of any forward-looking statements and assumptions and no liability is accepted by Vonovia in respect of the achievement of such forward-looking statements and assumptions.
Vonovia accepts no liability whatsoever to the extent permitted by applicable law for any direct, indirect or consequential loss or penalty arising from any use of this presentation, its contents or preparation or otherwise in connection with it.
No representation or warranty (whether express or implied) is given in respect of any information in this presentation or that this presentation is suitable for the recipient's purposes. The delivery of this presentation does not imply that the information herein is correct as at any time subsequent to the date hereof.
Vonovia has no obligation whatsoever to update or revise any of the information, forward-looking statements or the conclusions contained herein or to reflect new events or circumstances or to correct any inaccuracies which may become apparent subsequent to the date hereof.
This presentation does not, and is not intended to, constitute or form part of, and should not be construed as, an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to purchase, subscribe for or otherwise acquire, any securities of the Company nor shall it or any part of it form the basis of or be relied upon in connection with or act as any inducement to enter into any contract or commitment or investment decision whatsoever.
This presentation is neither an advertisement nor a prospectus and is made available on the express understanding that it does not contain all information that may be required to evaluate, and will not be used by the attendees/recipients in connection with, the purchase of or investment in any securities of the Company. This presentation is selective in nature and does not purport to contain all information that may be required to evaluate the Company and/or its securities. No reliance may or should be placed for any purpose whatsoever on the information contained in this presentation, or on its completeness, accuracy or fairness.
This presentation is not directed to or intended for distribution to or use by, any person or entity that is a citizen or resident or located in any locality, state, country or other jurisdiction where such distribution, publication, availability or use would be contrary to law or regulation or which would require any registration or licensing within such jurisdiction.
Neither this presentation nor the information contained in it may be taken, transmitted or distributed directly or indirectly into or within the United States, its territories or possessions. This presentation is not an offer of securities for sale in the United States. The securities of the Company have not been and will not be registered under the US Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") or with any securities regulatory authority of any state or other jurisdiction of the United States. Consequently, the securities of the Company may not be offered, sold, resold, transferred, delivered or distributed, directly or indirectly, into or within in the United States except pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act and in compliance with any applicable securities laws of any state or other jurisdiction of the United States unless registered under the Securities Act.
Tables and diagrams may include rounding effects.
| For Your |
Notes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results | Valuation | New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix |
| For Your Notes |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Results | Valuation | New Construction | Financing | European Activities | Guidance | Appendix |
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