Earnings Release • Feb 28, 2018
Earnings Release
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RNS Number : 1903G
SEPLAT Petroleum Development Co PLC
28 February 2018
Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc
Full Year Results
For the year ended 31 December 2017
(Expressed in Naira and US Dollars)
Announcement
Lagos and London, 28 February 2018: Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc ("Seplat" or the "Company"), a leading Nigerian indigenous oil and gas company, listed on both the Nigerian Stock Exchange and London Stock Exchange, today announces its full year 2017 financial results and provides an operational update.
Commenting on the results Austin Avuru, Seplat's Chief Executive Officer, said
"I am pleased to report that Seplat made a return to full-year profitability in 2017, registered strong cash flow performance and significantly strengthened the balance sheet. In a year of contrast we were plagued throughout most of the first half by force majeure at the Forcados terminal. However, following the lifting of force majeure on 6 June we rapidly restored full production operations and our subsequent operational and financial performance is a clear indicator of our strong fundamentals and what we can achieve when we have unhindered access to market. We will retain the flexibility and financial discipline that has seen us emerge from a difficult chapter in our history a fitter and stronger business. With line of sight on the availability of multiple export routes, we aim to significantly de-risk distribution of oil production to market. Notably, our gas business made another record contribution in 2017 and continues to demonstrate the robustness of its revenues providing a key source of growth and diversification, as well as delivering a much-needed reliable supply of gas to the Nigerian power sector. Seplat is now better positioned to return to sustainable growth."
2017 working interest production within guidance
| ● | Full year working interest production of 36,923 boepd (comprising 17,853 bopd liquids and 114 MMscfd gas) within guidance range of 35,000 - 38,000 boepd |
| ● | Working interest production post lifting of force majeure on 6 June 2017 to year end was 47,522 boepd (comprising 26,527 bopd liquids and 126 MMscfd gas) |
| ● | Amukpe to Escravos alternate export pipeline anticipated to be fully commissioned and operational in Q3 2018; access to three separate export routes at our western assets and two at our eastern assets providing adequate redundant capacity will significantly de-risk distribution of oil production to market |
Return to full year profitability and strong cash flow generation
| ● | Full year revenue US$452 million; operating profit US$112 million and profit before current year tax and deferred tax adjustments US$44 million |
| ● | Net Deferred tax credits of US$221 million increases the overall profit after tax to US$265 million. The Group recognises deferred tax assets on unused tax losses and capital allowances where it is probable that future taxable profits will be available for utilisation |
| ● | Q3 and Q4 profit after tax of US$24 million and US$46 million (before deferred tax credits) respectively reversed mid-year loss of US$26 million |
| ● | Cash flow from operations US$447 million against capital expenditures of US$33 million |
Strengthened balance sheet
| ● | Cash at bank US$437 million and net debt US$141 million at end 2017 compared to US$160 million and US$516 million at end 2016 |
| ● | Successfully concluded over-subscribed one-year extension of revolving credit facility |
| ● | Despite the challenging operating conditions aggregate indebtedness reduced to US$578million at end 2017. A reduction of US$422 million from US$1 billion peak in Q1 2015 |
Record contribution from the gas business
| ● | 2017 gas revenue US$124 million and accounts for 27% of total revenue |
| ● | Moving towards FID at large scale ANOH project in alignment with partners |
Financial overview
| US$ million | ₦ billion | ||||
| 2017 | 2016 | % change | 2017 | 2016 | |
| Revenue | 452 | 254 | +78% | 138 | 63 |
| Gross profit | 212 | 72 | +194% | 65 | 16 |
| Operating Profit/(loss) | 112 | (158) | (171)% | 34 | (45) |
| Profit/(loss) before deferred tax | 44 | (173) | (125)% | 13 | (47) |
| Net Profit/(loss) after all taxes | 265 | (166) | (260)% | 81 | (45) |
| Basic earnings/(loss) per share | 0.47 | (0.29) | (262)% | 144 | (79.73) |
| Cash flow from ops | 447 | 172 | 160% | 137 | 66 |
| Working interest production (boepd) | 36,923 | 25,877 | 43% | ||
| Realised oil price (US$/₦ per bbl) | 50.4 | 40.4 | 25% | 15,406 | 9,726 |
| Realised gas price (US$/₦ per Mscf) | 2.97 | 3.03 | (2)% | 908 | 792 |
At 9:00 am GMT (London), 10:00 am WAT (Lagos) on 28 February 2018, Austin Avuru (CEO), Jay Smulders (Technical Director) and Roger Brown (CFO) will host a conference call to discuss the Company's results. Access details are:
Telephone Number: +44 (0) 1452 569393 / +44 (0) 8000 731 340
Conference ID (to be quoted): 2186768
The webcast can be accessed via the Company's website www.seplatpetroleum.com or at the following address:
https://webconnect.webex.com/webconnect/onstage/g.php?MTID=e90d90b27ba493d7d634abe34f4b06d89
| Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc Roger Brown, CFO Andrew Dymond, Head of Investor Relations Ayeesha Aliyu, Investor Relations Chioma Nwachuku, GM - External Affairs and Communications |
+44 203 725 6500 +44 203 725 6500 +234 12 770 400 +234 12 770 400 |
| FTI Consulting Ben Brewerton/Sara Powell [email protected] |
+44 203 727 1000 |
| Citigroup Global Markets Limited Tom Reid/Luke Spells |
+44 207 986 4000 |
| Investec Securities Chris Sim/George Price |
+44 207 597 4000 |
Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc is a leading indigenous Nigerian oil and gas exploration and production company with a strategic focus on Nigeria, listed on the Main Market of the London Stock Exchange ("LSE") (LSE:SEPL) and Nigerian Stock Exchange ("NSE") (NSE:SEPLAT). Seplat is pursuing a Nigeria focused growth strategy and is well-positioned to participate in future divestment programmes by the international oil companies, other acquisition and farm-in opportunities and future licensing rounds. For further information please refer to the Company website, http://seplatpetroleum.com/
Full year 2017 results overview
Working interest 2P reserves as assessed independently by Ryder Scott at 31 December 2017 stood at 477.3 MMboe, comprising 226.3 MMbbls of oil and condensate and 1,455.7 Bscf of natural gas. This represents an increase in overall 2P reserves of 3% year-on-year. The main driver of the upward revision year on year is increased oil reserves attributed to the Sapele Shallow field at OML 4 and an increase in gas reserves at OML 53 more than offsetting volumes produced in the year.
| W.I reserves at 31/12/2016 (2) | W.I reserves at 31/12/2017 | |||||||
| Liquids | Gas | Oil equivalent | Liquids | Gas | Oil equivalent | |||
| MMbbls | Bscf | MMboe | MMbbls | Bscf | MMboe | |||
| OMLs 4, 38 & 41 | 137.3 | 766 | 269 | 174.7 | 657.1 | 288.0 | ||
| OPL 283 | 8.5 | 72 | 21 | 5.1 | 62.2 | 15.8 | ||
| OML 53 | 41.1 | 671 | 157 | 41.5 | 736.4 | 168.5 | ||
| OML 55(1) | 8.5 | 35 | 15 | 5.0 | - | 5.0 | ||
| Total | 195.4 | 1,544 | 462 | 226.3 | 1,455.7 | 477.3 |
(1) Under the revised commercial terms in relation to OML 55 Seplat will no longer be a shareholder in BelemaOil but will instead have a financial interest until a
discharge sum of US$330 million has been paid to Seplat through the monetisation of oil reserves at OML 55.
(2) Working interest reserves stated at 31/12/16 as assessed independently by DeGolyer and McNaughton
At 31 December working interest 2C resources stood at 61 MMboe, comprising 48 MMbbls of oil and condensate and 75 Bscf of natural gas. Consequently the Company's working interest 2P+2C reserves and resources stood at 538 MMboe at 31 December 2017, comprising 274 MMbbls oil and condensate and 1,530 Bscf of natural gas.
| Gross production | Working Interest production | |||||||
| Liquids(1) | Gas | Oil equivalent | Liquids | Gas | Oil equivalent | |||
| Seplat % | bopd | MMscfd | boepd | bopd | MMscfd | boepd | ||
| OMLs 4, 38 & 41 | 45.0% | 35,060 | 254.27 | 77,438 | 15,777 | 114.4 | 34,847 | |
| OPL 283 | 40.0% | 2,502 | - | 2,502 | 1,001 | - | 1,001 | |
| OML 53 | 40.0% | 2,687 | - | 2,687 | 1,075 | - | 1,075 | |
| Total | 40,249 | 254.27 | 82,627 | 17,853 | 114.4 | 36,923 |
1) Liquid production volumes as measured at the LACT unit for OMLs 4, 38 and 41. Volumes stated are subject to reconciliation and will differ from sales volumes within the period.
2017 full year average working interest production stood at 36,923 boepd and represents an overall increase of 43% year-on-year. Within this liquids production was up 77% year-on-year whilst gas production was up 20% year-on-year. The 2017 figures reflect the resumption of full production operations following the lifting of force majeure at the Forcados terminal on 6 June. Overall reconciliation losses arising from use of third party infrastructure were around 3.5% for the year. Post force majeure being lifted net working interest production from June to year end averaged 47,522 boepd (comprising 26,527 bopd liquids and 126 MMscfd gas).
The Company's policy of creating multiple export routes for all of its assets has resulted in it actively pursuing alternative crude oil evacuation options for production at OMLs 4, 38 and 41 and potential strategies to further grow and diversify production in order to reduce any over-reliance on one particular third party operated export system. In line with this objective, in 2017 the Company successfully completed repairs and upgrades on two jetties at the Warri refinery that will enable sustained exports of 30,000 bopd (gross) if required in the future. Prior to the repair and upgrade work on the two jetties gross exports via the Warri refinery were around the 15,000 bopd level. Exports via the Warri refinery jetty to date have typically incurred barging costs of around US$11/bbl but partially offsetting this, exports via this route are not subject to the reconciliation losses or terminal crude handling and transport charges when exporting via the TFS. At 31 December 2017 a gross volume of 1.9 million barrels had been evacuated via this route in the year.
Prior to establishing the alternative oil export route via the Warri refinery, gas production was limited by storage constraints for associated condensate volumes that would ordinarily be spiked into crude oil production and exported via the Forcados terminal. Crucially, availability of the alternative export route enabled Seplat to step-up deliveries to the domestic market and greatly improve security of supply. 100% of Seplat's gas production is supplied to the domestic market.
Full year 2017 results overview continued
Longer term, the Amukpe to Escravos 160,000 bopd capacity pipeline is set to provide a third export option for liquids production at OMLs 4, 38 and 41. Seplat signed a Funding Agreement in December 2017 with the pipeline owners, NAPIMS (a 100% subsidiary of NNPC), Pan Ocean Corporation Limited (Pan Ocean) and the pipeline contractor FENOG to ensure timely completion of the pipeline. Post year end, FENOG has engaged with the operator of the Escravos terminal, Chevron, to initiate completion works. Negotiations between the pipeline operator, Pan Ocean, and Chevron in relation Crude Handling Agreements are also advancing. The Heads of Terms for the Crude Transport Agreement between NPDC/Seplat JV and NAPIMS/Pan Ocean JV is also nearly completed and Seplat anticipates the pipeline to be fully commissioned and operational in Q3 2018
With line of sight on the availability of three independent export routes it is Seplat's ultimate intention to utilise all three to ensure there is adequate redundancy in evacuation routes, reducing downtime which has adversely affected the business over a number of years, significantly de-risking the distribution of production to market.
Alongside its oil business, the Company has also prioritised the commercialisation and development of the substantial gas reserves and resources identified at its blocks and is today a leading supplier of gas to the domestic market in Nigeria. The lifting of force majeure on 6 June 2017 and resumption of full exports via the TFS removed the condensate handling constraints and translated into an immediate uplift in gross gas production. As a result gross production in the second half averaged 283 MMscfd, up 26% from a previously constrained level of 225 MMscfd in the first half of the year. Furthermore, having successfully completed and commissioned the Phase II expansion of the Oben gas processing plant early in 2017, taking overall operated gas processing capacity to the 525 MMscfd level, the Company is actively engaged with counterparties to increase contracted gas sales with the intention of taking gross production towards the 400 MMscfd level. The Company commenced supplies of commissioning gas to the Azura power plant in advance of commencement of full operations due in H1 2018, when it will take 116 MMscfd on a take or pay basis.
Of the 525 MMscfd total processing capacity, 465 MMscfd is located at Oben with the remaining 60 MMscfd located at Sapele. The 375 MMscfd expansion at Oben (Phases I and II) was completed by Seplat as a 100% investment project. The gas processing capacity expansion is also designed to allow the Company to accept third party gas and receive a processing tariff. Another 2 x 10 MMscfd compressors were installed and commissioned in Q4 2017 to capture additional associated gas ("AG") at the Oben flow station (following on from the successful installation of 3 x 10 MMscfd compressors in 2015). The project is geared towards elimination of routine flares and monetisation of AG. Seplat's focus on gas monetisation also includes the Sapele non-associated gas ("NAG") for which commercial discussions are ongoing and development option selected.
The ANOH gas development at OML 53 (and adjacent OML 21 with which the upstream project is unitised) is expected to underpin the next phase of growth for the gas business and Seplat's involvement positions it at the heart of one of the largest green field gas and condensate developments onshore the Niger Delta to date. Seplat is well positioned to leverage the experience gained at the Oben gas hub to incorporate operational and cost efficiencies. The Company has made good progress in formalising an incorporated joint venture relationship with government signing a Heads of Terms and inaugurating a joint steering committee to encompass the midstream element of the project, in light of which Seplat's FID will be aligned with NNPC approvals. The project is expected to achieve FID in H1 2018.
Rig based activity at OMLs 4, 38 and 41 in 2017 was limited with just one rig deployed for a workover well in the Orogho field. The workover and re-completion of the Orogho-7 production well commenced in July and was completed as planned in August. Upgrades to the liquid treatment infrastructure at OMLs 4,38 and 41 were also made that will enable Seplat to inject export grade dry crude via alternative routes and at the same time eliminate crude handling charges that have historically been incurred on water in the wet crude injected into the TFS. While the Company continues to exercise discretion over spend and, having pulled back on expenditure during the extended period of force majeure, it is now selectively considering production drilling opportunities in the existing portfolio with a view to reinstating a work programme designed to capture the highest cash return production opportunities whilst diligently preserving a liquidity buffer.
At the non-operated OPL 283 Seplat participated in one appraisal well during the year. Seplat successfully delivered the Anagba-1 appraisal well on behalf Operator Pillar Oil Ltd in November 2017. The well confirmed the extension of the productive reservoirs of the Ashaka field, located on adjacent OML 60 (operated by the Nigerian Agip Oil Company Limited), into OPL 283. The successful well will support Pillar in ongoing unitisation discussions with the Nigerian AGIP Oil Company Limited, thereby enabling the OPL 283 partners to share in the Ashaka wells' oil production.
Full year 2017 results overview continued
The higher oil production following the lifting of force majeure at the Forcados terminal from June 6 onwards, together with higher oil price realisations, positively impacted oil revenue which stood at US$328 million, up 121% year-on-year. Alongside this, gas revenue reached a new record of US$124 million, up 18% year-on-year. Consequently, total revenue for 2017 was up 78% from 2016 at US$452 million. Profit before tax for the year stood at US$44 million and reflects the return to profitability in the third and fourth quarters where net quarterly profit before tax of US$24 million and US$46 million respectively offset the US$26 million loss before tax recorded at mid-year. A net tax credit of US$221 million, owing primarily to deferred tax credits of US$224 million, increased the overall profit after tax for the year to US$265 million. The Group recognises deferred tax assets on unused tax losses and capital allowances where it is probable that future taxable profits will be available for utilisation.
Cash flow from operations was US$447 million and capital investments US$33 million. Cash at bank and net debt at year end (excluding amounts remaining on deposit for investment and in escrow of US$45 million and US$20.5 million) stood at US$437 million and US$141 million respectively. At end of 2017 the net NPDC receivables balance stood at US$113 million, down from US$229 million at end 2016.
Considering the unforeseen extended force majeure conditions at the Forcados terminal from 21 February 2016 until 6 June 2017, and the inevitable impact on revenues, the Company continued to adopt a prudent approach. Having re-profiled the seven-year Term Loan in Q3 2016 the Company announced in July that it had successfully concluded an oversubscribed one year extension of the RCF. The RCF, originally due to expire at the end of 2017, now expires on 31 December 2018 and was successfully amended to amortise the remaining outstanding principal balance of US$150 million at the time in equal instalments over five quarters commencing Q4 2017. Overall, Seplat's aggregate indebtedness under its Term Loan and RCF had reduced by US$422 million at end 2017 from its peak in Q1 2015 of US$1 billion, which is a significant deleveraging of the balance sheet particularly in exceptionally difficult trading conditions.
During a period in which Seplat's key focus has been on preservation of liquidity and selective capital allocation to ensure the Company maintains a necessary level of financial flexibility the Board believes that the Company and its shareholders are better served at this point in time by selectively deploying available capital (on a discretionary basis) into the portfolio of production opportunities and preserving a liquidity buffer.
The Company announced in March that Stuart Connal retired from his role as COO and executive director effective 31 March 2017. The board, management and all staff would like to thank Mr Connal for his significant contribution to Seplat in the last few years. On the 23 February 2018, the Company announced the appointment of Effiong Okon to its board as Operations Executive Director.
Operations review
Seplat's current portfolio comprises direct interests in five oil and gas blocks and a revenue interest in one further block, all of which are located in the onshore to swamp areas of the prolific Niger Delta. This portfolio provides the Company with a robust platform of oil and natural gas reserves and production capacity together with material upside opportunities through future development projects, 2C to 2P conversion and exploration and appraisal drilling. We also continue to view the shallow water offshore areas of the Niger Delta as an appealing opportunity set and one we hold ambitions to access in the future.
| Operator: | Seplat |
| Working interest: | 45.0% |
| Partner: | NPDC |
| Main fields | Oben, Amukpe, Okporhuru, Ovor, Orogho, Sapele, Sapele Shallow |
| 2017 working interest liquids production: | 15,777 bopd |
| 2017 working interest gas production: | 114 MMscfd |
| Remaining working interest 2P oil reserves: | 174.7 MMbbls |
| Remaining working interest 2P gas reserves: | 657.1 Bscf |
| 2018 activities: | Production and development |
OML 4 covers an area of 267km2 and is located 78km north east of Warri, Delta State. The Oben field is located in OML 4 and is the main producing field on the block. Facilities on the block include a 60,000 bopd capacity flow station, a 465 MMscfd capacity non-associated gas processing plant and an associated gas compressor station with five 10 MMscfd associated gas ('AG') compressors. Oil exports from the Oben flow station are routed via the Oben - Amukpe pipeline to the Amukpe facilities and onwards to either the Forcados terminal or Warri Refinery. Production operations and facilities are supported by the Oben Field Logistics Base. The Oben field in particular is central to the Company's future gas expansion plans and is strategically located as an important gas hub with access to Nigeria's main gas demand centres. The licence was renewed in 1989 for a further 30 years and is next due for renewal on 30 June 2019.
OML 38 covers an area of 2,094km2 and is located 48km north of Warri, Delta State. There are currently four producing fields on the block, namely Amukpe, Okpohuru, Orogho and Ovhor (which straddles OML 38 and OML 41). There are two further discoveries in OML 38: the Mosogar and Jesse discoveries, which have not yet been brought into production. Facilities on the block include a 45,000 bpd capacity flow station, a Liquid Treatment Facility ('LTF') and two 50,000 bbls crude storage tanks, all located at Amukpe. The licence was renewed in 1989 for a further 30 years and is next due for renewal on 30 June 2019.
OML 41 covers an area of 291km2 and is located 50km from Warri, Delta State. There are currently three producing fields on the block, namely Sapele, Sapele Shallow and Ovhor (which straddles OML 41 and OML 38), and two discoveries with contingent resources, the Ubaleme and Okoporo discoveries. Facilities on the block include a flow station with 60,000 bpd capacity, a 60 MMscfd capacity non associated gas processing plant and a 26 MMscfd NGC owned gas compressor station. Produced oil is exported via the Sapele - Amukpe delivery line to the Amukpe facilities and onwards to either the Forcados terminal or Warri refinery. The condensate stream is combined with the oil for export and produced gas is exported via the NGC owned Oben-Sapele pipeline system which feeds into the Sapele power plant. The licence was renewed in 1989 for a further 30 years and is next due for renewal on 30 June 2019. Since the year end, the Company has commenced the license renewal process for OMLs 4, 38 and 41 with the Department of Petroleum Resources. The application is for a renewal period of 20 years.
On OML 4, the Company completed and commissioned Phase II of the Oben gas processing plant expansion programme which included the installation and integration of three new 75 MMscfd processing modules (225 MMscfd aggregate capacity), taking total gross processing capacity of the Oben plant to a minimum of 465 MMscfd following commissioning in Q1 2017. The second key project was completed in Q4 2017, aimed at eliminating and monetising associated gas that was previously flared, was the installation of an additional 2 x 10 MMscfd compressors at the Oben flow station.
On OML 38, further to the earlier commissioning of the liquid treatment facility ("LTF") at the Amukpe field, the Company undertook a crude quality upgrade project aimed at achieving an export grade specification of 0.5 BS&W MAX, based on the crude handling agreement signed with SPDC. By doing this, Seplat has scope to eliminate in the future the cost component of crude handling charges that have historically been incurred for exporting wet crude to the Forcados terminal and also free up additional haulage on the export pipeline for dry crude. With the completion of the project, Seplat will also be able to deliver increased export quality crude shipments via the alternative routes.
Operations review continued
On OML 41 the ongoing focus is the development of the Sapele Shallow field. Following the pause in drilling activities in 2016 and 2017 owing to force majeure conditions at the Forcados terminal Seplat is defining a full development and drilling strategy for Sapele Shallow, which overlies the productive reservoirs in the main Sapele field and is estimated to hold a significant accumulation of oil (around 500 MMbbls STOIIP). Prior to this Sapele-Shallow had remained largely undeveloped due to the heavier nature of the oil (21° API) relative to that in neighbouring blocks. The Company believes that the full development of Sapele-Shallow represents a material upside opportunity.
| Operator: | Pillar Oil/OPGC |
| Working interest: | 40.0% |
| Partner: | Pillar Oil |
| Main fields | Umuseti and Igbuku |
| 2017 working interest liquids production: | 1,001 bopd |
| 2017 working interest gas production: | n/a |
| Remaining working interest 2P oil reserves: | 5.1 MMbbls |
| Remaining working interest 2P gas reserves: | 62.2 Bscf |
| 2018 activities: | Production |
Seplat has a 40% non-operated working interest in the Umuseti/Igbuku Marginal Field Area that is carved out of OML 56. The block is located in the northern onshore depo-belt of the Niger Delta and is operated by Pillar Oil Limited. The block contains one producing field, Umuseti, which came onstream in May 2012 and is currently producing from three development wells. There are 15 identified oil bearing reservoirs in Umuseti with production currently coming from four of these reservoirs. Further development drilling will be required to drain the remaining reservoirs. The Igbuku field contains predominantly gas and condensate and is currently undergoing appraisal prior to development. The block also contains four satellite exploration leads, namely Igbuku North, Igbuku Deep, Umuseti East and Umuseti North-East, which the joint venture partners intend to further evaluate. Facilities on the block include a 5,000 bopd Early Production Facility ('EPF') and two 20,000 bbls crude storage tanks. Umuseti production is evacuated to a Group Gathering Facility ('GGF') where it is metered and thereafter exported either via Agip's Kwale facilities to the Brass terminal or via NPDC's pipeline to Forcados.
Seplat delivered the the Anagba-1 appraisal well on behalf of Operator Pillar Oil Ltd in November 2017. The well was drilled to a final Well TD of 10,777 ftMD depth and successfully encountered oil within a structure that straddles the block boundary with adjacent OML 60 (where the reservoirs are in production). The well confirmed the extension of the productive reservoirs of the Ashaka field, located on adjacent OML 60 (operated by the Nigerian Agip Oil Company Limited), into OPL 283. The successful well will support Pillar in ongoing unitisation discussions with the Nigerian AGIP Oil Company Limited, thereby enabling the OPL 283 partners to share in the Ashaka wells' oil production.
| Operator: | Seplat |
| Working interest: | 40.0% |
| Partner: | NNPC |
| Main fields | Jisike (producing) and Ohaji South (discovery) |
| 2017 working interest liquids production: | 1,075 bopd |
| 2017 working interest gas production: | n/a |
| Remaining working interest 2P oil reserves: | 41.5 MMbbls |
| Remaining working interest 2P gas reserves: | 736.4 Bscf |
| 2018 activities: | Production and development |
OML 53 covers an area of approximately 1,585km2 and is located onshore in the north eastern Niger Delta. The Jisike oil field, located in the north western area of the block, is currently the only producing field on OML 53. Existing infrastructure at Jisike comprises flow-lines, phase one separation facilities and a flow station with a design capacity of 12,000 bopd and 8 MMscfd. Oil production is sent for further processing at the nearby Izombe facilities on OML 124 from where it is exported via pipeline to the Brass oil terminal. The block also contains the large undeveloped Ohaji South gas and condensate field, the development of which will be coordinated with the SPDC operated Assa North field on adjacent OML 21, together referred to as the ANOH project which is set to be one of the largest greenfield gas condensate development projects in Nigeria to date. The expectation is that future gas production from the ANOH project will supply the domestic market, for which significant work on commercialisation terms and development concepts has been undertaken. There is also shallow oil development potential at
Operations review continued
Ohaji South that could be pursued as a separate standalone project in the near term. Prior to initiating development of the ANOH project, Seplat expects to focus efforts on increasing oil production at the Jisike field and development of the shallow oil reservoirs in Ohaji South. Pursuant to the Joint Operating Model, Seplat is designated operator of OML 53.
OML 53, as part of the Assa North - Ohaji South ("ANOH") development is at the core of Seplat's plans to significantly increase gas production and operated processing capacity in the near to medium term. In 2017 the Company made progress towards establishing an incorporated joint venture relationship with government to encompass the midstream element of the project, with an anticipated FID in H1 2018. The upstream development, including the drilling of production wells, will be delivered by the upstream unit operator SPDC.
| Operator: | Asset Management Team |
| Working interest: | Revenue interest |
| Partner: | NNPC, Belemaoil |
| Main fields | Robertkiri, Idama and Inda (producing) |
| 2017 working interest liquids production: | n/a |
| 2017 working interest gas production: | n/a |
| Remaining working interest 2P oil reserves: | 5.0 |
| Remaining working interest 2P gas reserves: | n/a |
| 2018 activities: | Recovery of discharge sum |
OML 55 covers an area of approximately 840km2 and is located in the swamp to shallow water offshore areas in the south eastern Niger Delta. The block contains five producing fields (Robertkiri, Inda, [Belema] North, Idama and [Jokka]). The majority of production on the block is from the Robertkiri, Idama and Inda fields. The Robertkiri field is located in swamp at a water depth of five metres and has a production platform and utility platform installed. Production capacity at the Robertkiri facilities is 20,000 bpd and 10 MMscfd. Production facilities at the Idama field comprise a jack-up mobile offshore production unit ('MOPU') and riser platform that have a capacity of 30,000 bpd of total fluids and 34 MMscfd. The Jokka field is produced through a manifold tied-back to the Idama facilities. Production facilities at the Inda field comprise a MOPU with a capacity of 30,000 bpd of total liquids and 34 MMscfd. Overall, the infrastructure on OML 55 comprises four flow stations, a network of flow-lines, and two eight-inch pipelines that connect to third party operated infrastructure. The Belema field is unitised with OML 25 and is produced via a flow station on that block. All produced liquids from OML 55 are delivered via third-party infrastructure to the Bonny terminal for processing and shipping. In addition to the oil potential on the block there is also an opportunity to develop the significant gas resources that have also been identified.
In accordance with the revised commercial arrangement that was agreed in July 2016, which provides for a discharge sum of US$330 million to be paid to Seplat over a six year period through allocation of crude oil volumes produced at OML 55, Seplat received total payments of US$36 million in the year from the monetisation of 637 kbbls. The 40.00% operated interest in OML 55 continues to be jointly controlled by Seplat and BelemaOil over the period of this arrangement through an Asset Management Team comprising representatives of both parties. The Asset Management Team makes all the key decisions regarding the technical and commercial activities of the underlying asset, and unanimous consent of all parties is required for decision making.
Financial review
The Group continued to benefit from discretion over capital expenditures and in 2017 moderated investments to take account of the interruptions to oil exports at the Forcados terminal in the first half of the year and ensure an adequate liquidity buffer was preserved. The investments made during the year were primarily directed towards the gas business. Following the lifting of force majeure at the Forcados terminal on 6 June full production operations were rapidly restored which enabled the Group to record a sharp improvement in business performance over the second half of the year that translated into a return to profitability and significant balance sheet improvement. In 2018 we will retain discretion over spend, appropriately phase and scale our investment programme taking into account the prevailing operating environment, availability of export terminals, oil price, debt service obligations and the influence of these factors on free cash generation within the underlying business. We will continue to maintain our strict discipline of only allocating capital to the opportunities that offer the greatest returns to deliver shareholder value.
While revenues continued to be impacted during the first half of the year due to the shut-in of the Forcados terminal after the terminal operator, Shell Nigeria, declared force majeure between 21 February 2016 and 6 June 2017 following disruption to the Forcados terminal subsea crude export pipeline, the higher oil production following the lifting of force majeure, together with higher oil price realisations, positively impacted oil revenue which stood at US$328 million (after stock movements) for the full year, up 121% year-on-year. Alongside this gas revenue reached a new record of US$124 million, up 18% year-on-year and accounting for 27% of total revenue. Consequently, total revenue for 2017 was up 78% from 2016 at US$452 million.
Working interest liquids production in 2017 stood at 17,853 bopd, up from 10,091 bopd in 2016, whilst the total volume of crude lifted in the year was 6.851 MMbbls compared to 3.422 MMbbls in 2016. Global oil prices remained volatile in 2017, with Brent starting the year around the US$55/bbl level and trading down to a low of around US$45/bbl mid-year. In contrast, over the second half of the year Brent traded steadily up to exit 2017 around US$67/bbl. The Group's realised average oil price of US$50.38/bbl in 2017 was up 25% year-on-year (2016: US$40.4/bbl) and reflects the second half improvement in production and price.
The Group had in place dated Brent put options covering a volume of 3.69 MMbbls to year end at a blended strike price of US$48.38/bbl. The net cost of these instruments in the year was US$19.4 million. The Company has also put in place dated Brent puts covering a further volume of 3.60 MMbbls at a strike price of US$40/bbl during H1 2018 and 3.00 MMbbls at a strike price of US$50/bbl during H2 2018. The board and management continue to closely monitor prevailing oil market dynamics, and will consider further measures to provide appropriate levels of cash flow assurance in times of oil price weakness and volatility.
To assist in minimising the impact of disruption to key export infrastructure, the Group made necessary repairs and upgrades on two jetties at the Warri refinery that will enable exports to be increased to a gross level of 30,000 bopd if required in the future. In addition to the Warri and Forcados export routes Seplat is also working with the operator Pan Ocean and NAPIMS (a 100% subsidiary of NNPC) on completion of the 160,000 bopd capacity Amukpe to Escravos pipeline system that will offer a third export route via the Escravos terminal. Seplat plans to tie-in to the new pipeline at the Amukpe location on OML 4. All three export routes are expected to be available in Q3 2018 and the intention is to utilise the multiple export routes to ensure there is adequate redundancy in evacuation routes thereby reducing downtime which has adversely affected the business over a number of years
The higher gas revenue year-on-year was driven by a 20% increase in production to 114.4 MMscfd while the average realised gas price remained relatively stable at US$2.97/Mscf (2016: US$3.03/Mscf). The increase in volume is as a result of the benefit being derived from the Phases I and II expansion of the Oben gas processing facility and production being fully de-constrained following the lifting of force majeure.
Gross profit for the year was US$212 million, an increase of 194% on the prior year (2016: US$72 million). This principally reflects the resumption of full production operations after force majeure was lifted and higher oil price realisations. Direct operating costs which include crude handling fees, barging costs, rig-related costs and Operations & Maintenance costs amounted to US$80 million in 2017 as against US$83 million in 2016. Production costs were fairly flat when compared to prior year even with a significant increase of 77% in production volumes and 20% increase in gas volumes in 2017 when compared to 2016. This resulted from an improved performance in the overall running & maintenance of the production facility in the current year. In addition, the availability of the Forcados terminal from 6 June reduced the reliance on the more expensive and volume constrained barging operation, which was the only export route available during the force majeure period. Non- production costs primarily consisting of royalties and DD&A were US$160 million compared to US$99 million in the prior year. The DD&A charge for oil and gas assets increased during 2017 to US$82 million (2016: US$54 million) reflecting higher depletion of reserves because of the increased production during the year.
Financial review continued
Operating profit for the year was US$112 million compared with a prior year operating loss of US$158 million. Contributing towards the return to operating profitability was a 28% reduction year-on-year in general and administrative expenses which stood at US$82 million (2016: US$114 million). The operating loss reported in 2016 was also driven by a charge of US$101 million relating to unrealised foreign exchange losses principally on amounts owed by our joint venture partner NPDC.
The pioneer tax incentive granted by Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission for three-year period elapsed at the end of 2015. The Company has prepared its 2017 financial statements including the effect of post pioneer tax status which correspondingly forms the basis of the net tax credits of US$221 million, owing primarily to deferred tax credits of US$224 million, compared to taxation credit of US$6.7 million for the same period in 2016.
The taxation credit is mainly as a result of unutilised capital allowances from accumulated capital expenditure during the pioneer status period. The Group recognises deferred tax assets on unused tax losses and unutilised capital allowances carried forward where it is probable that future taxable profits will be available for utilisation. This requires management to make judgements and assumptions regarding the amount of deferred tax that can be recognised, as well as the likelihood of future taxable profits. The Group reassesses its unrecognised deferred tax asset each year taking into account changes in oil and gas prices, the Group's proven and probable reserve profile and forecast capital and operating expenditures. The deferred tax credit is expected to gradually reverse in subsequent years as the Company makes profit and utilises the capital allowances.
In line with Sections of the Companies Income Tax Act which provides the incentives available to companies that deliver gas utilisation projects, Seplat is entitled to a tax holiday of three years extendable to five years on the new Oben Gas Plant. The Federal Inland Revenue Service was notified in 2017 that there will be a claim on these incentives for the three year period in the first instance.
Profit for the period before tax adjustments was US$44 million, compared to a full year loss before tax of US$173 million in 2016. This return to profitability was driven by performance in the third and fourth quarters where net quarterly profit before tax of US$24 million and US$46 million respectively offset the US$26 million loss before tax recorded at mid-year. Net tax credits of US$221 million, owing primarily to the deferred tax credits of US$224 million, increased the overall profit after tax for the year to US$265 million. The resultant EPS for 2017 was US$0.47 compared to an LPS in 2016 of US$0.29.
During a period in which Seplat's key focus has been on preservation of liquidity and selective capital allocation to ensure the Company maintains a necessary level of financial flexibility the Board believes that the Company and its shareholders are better served at this point in time by selectively deploying available capital (on a discretionary basis) into the portfolio of production opportunities and preserving a liquidity buffer.
Cash flows and liquidity
Net cash flows from operating activities in 2017 stood at US$447 million (2016: US$172 million). The outstanding net NPDC receivable at year end, after offsetting NPDC's share of gas revenues and adjusting for reversal of prior impairment, stood at US$113 million (2016: US$229 million). In 2017, NPDC's net expenditure was US$93 million and Seplat received a total of US$219 million towards the settlement of outstanding cash calls. As a result of this and the settlement of current cash calls the US$10 million impairment provision recognised in 2016 was reversed. Seplat has continued discussions with NPDC to ensure further reduction of outstanding receivables in 2018. Included in the opening receivables balance of US$229 million is US$48 million representing interest on outstanding receivables calculated in line with the provisions of the joint operating agreement.
Capital expenditures in 2017 stood at US$33 million and include costs for drilling the Anagba well on OPL 283- US$4 million; Oil facility projects totalling US$2 million including crude oil quality upgrades on our liquid treatment facilities; gas costs including the completion and commissioning of the Oben Phase II processing capacity expansion project - US$4 million, the acquisition of Oben booster compressors - US$6 million; ANOH upstream costs - US$4 million; other ANOH costs of US$10 million associated with plans towards FID and US$2 million for others including fixed assets for plants and other office equipment.
Financial review continued
Having reached agreement in 2016 with partner BelemaOil on a revised commercial arrangement at OML 55, which provides for a discharge sum of US$330 million to be paid to Seplat over a six-year period through allocation of crude oil volumes, the Group received total proceeds of US$36 million in 2017 under this arrangement from the monetisation of 637 kbbls.
Consequently, after adjusting for interest receipts of US$4 million, net cash inflow from investing activities for the full year was US$7 million compared to a net cash outflow in 2016 of US$52 million.
Net debt at year-end was US$141million, compared to US$516 million at December 2016. Net cash outflows from financing activities were US$173 million (2016: cash outflow US$283 million). Despite the significant interruptions to oil production prior to lifting of force majeure on 6 June the Group met all of its financing obligations during the year.
The Group continued to adopt a prudent approach to managing the balance sheet in 2017. Having re-profiled the seven-year Term Loan in Q3 2016 the Group announced in July that it had successfully concluded an oversubscribed one year extension of the RCF. The RCF, originally due to expire at the end of 2017, now expires on 31 December 2018 and was successfully amended to amortise the remaining outstanding principal balance of US$150 million at the time in equal instalments over five quarters commencing Q4 2017. Overall, Seplat's aggregate indebtedness under its Term Loan and RCF had reduced by US$422 million at end 2017 from its peak in Q1 2015 of US$1 billion, which is a significant deleveraging of the balance sheet particularly in exceptionally difficult trading conditions.
| US$ Million | Coupon | Maturity | |
| 7 year secured term facility | 458 | L+8.75% | December 2021 |
| 3 year secured RCF | 120 | L+6.00% | December 2018 |
| Gross debt at parent* | 578 | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 437 | ||
| Net debt | 141 |
* Outstanding balance under the Term Loan and RCF not adjusting for amortised transaction costs of US$8 million
Our financial strategy continues to be driven by ensuring we preserve the financial capability and also flexibility that is required to realise the value of our portfolio. Having emerged from an extremely challenging period that saw unprecedented levels of interruption to Seplat's crude oil production, we took proactive steps to stabilise the business and following the resumption of full production operations were able to rapidly return to profitability and strong cash flow generation. Looking ahead our near-term priority is to sustain the earnings and cash flow momentum we have carried into 2018, further strengthen our balance sheet and seek ways to optimise our capital structure prior to selectively reinstating a work programme designed to target the highest cash return production and development opportunities within our current portfolio. In order to mitigate against any longer term over-reliance on a single export infrastructure system, we are working with the owners of the Amukpe to Escravos pipeline to achieve full commissioning and completion of that alternate route in Q3 2018. With line of sight on three independent crude oil export routes becoming available and offering adequate redundant capacity, there is scope to reduce the levels of downtime which have adversely affected the business over a number of years, and significantly de-risk the distribution of oil production to market. Alongside this we will continue to closely monitor the oil price, implementing our hedging strategy on a rolling basis to provide a level of cash flow assurance, the performance of our productive asset base and the implications these factors have on financial performance over the near, medium and long term allowing us to scale and phase our future investments appropriately while continuing to honour our debt service obligations. We will also continue to prioritise expansion of our domestic natural gas business which provides a constant revenue stream that is de-linked from the oil price, and underpinned by the strong fundamentals of high demand and increasing pricing. Achievement of these goals will ensure we have a sound financial platform from which we can build and grow further, both through organic means and also capitalising on inorganic opportunities to further diversify our business as and when they may arise.
General information
| Ambrosie Bryant Chukwueloka Orjiako | Chairman | ||
| Ojunekwu Augustine Avuru | Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| Roger Thompson Brown | Chief Financial Officer (Executive Director) | British | |
| *Michel Hochard | Non-Executive Director | French | |
| Macaulay Agbada Ofurhie | Non-Executive Director | ||
| Michael Richard Alexander | Senior Independent Non-Executive Director | British | |
| Ifueko M. Omoigui Okauru | Independent Non-Executive Director | ||
| Basil Omiyi | Independent Non-Executive Director | ||
| Charles Okeahalam | Independent Non-Executive Director | ||
| Lord Mark Malloch-Brown | Independent Non-Executive Director | British | |
| Damian Dinshiya Dodo | Independent Non-Executive Director |
*Madame Nathalie Delapalme acts as alternate Director to Michel Hochard
| Company secretary | Mirian Kachikwu | |
| Registered office and business address of directors |
25a Lugard Avenue Ikoyi Lagos Nigeria |
|
| Registered number | RC No. 824838 | |
| FRC number | FRC/2015/NBA/00000010739 | |
| Auditor | Ernst & Young (10th & 13th Floors), UBA House 57 Marina Lagos, Nigeria. |
|
| Registrar | DataMax Registrars Limited 7 Anthony Village Road Anthony P.M.B 10014 Shomolu Lagos, Nigeria. |
|
| Solicitors | Olaniwun Ajayi LP Adepetun Caxton-Martins Agbor & Segun ("ACAS-Law") White & Case LLP Herbert Smith Freehills LLP Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer LLP Norton Rose Fulbright LLP Chief J.A. Ororho & Co. Ogaga Ovrawah & Co. Consolex LP Banwo-Ighodalo Latham & Watkins LLP J.E. Okodaso & Company O. Obrik. Uloho and Co. V.E. Akpoguma & Co. Thompson Okpoko & Partners G.C. Arubayi & Co. Chukwuma Chambers Abraham Uhunmwagho & Co Walles & Tarres Solicitors Streamsowers & Kohn |
|
| Bankers | First Bank of Nigeria Limited Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc United Bank for Africa Plc Zenith Bank Plc Citibank Nigeria Limited Standard Chartered Bank HSBC Bank |
Report of the directors
For the year ended 31 December 2017
The Group is principally engaged in oil and gas exploration and production. The Company's registered office address is 25a Lugard Avenue, Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria.
Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc ('Seplat' or the 'Company'), the parent of the Group, was incorporated on 17 June 2009 as a private limited liability company and re-registered as a public company on 3 October 2014, under the Company and Allied Matters Act 2004. The Company commenced operations on 1 August 2010. The Company is principally engaged in oil and gas exploration and production.
The Company acquired, pursuant to an agreement for assignment dated 31 January 2010 between the Company, SPDC, TOTAL and AGIP, a 45% participating interest in the following producing assets:
OML 4, OML 38 and OML 41 located in Nigeria. The total purchase price for these assets was US$340 million (N 104 billion) paid at the completion of the acquisition on 31 July 2010 and a contingent payment of US$33 million (N 10 billion) payable 30 days after the second anniversary, 31 July 2012, if the average price per barrel of Brent Crude oil over the period from acquisition up to 31 July 2012 exceeds US$80 (N 24,464) per barrel. US$358.6 million (N 110 billion) was allocated to the producing assets including US$18.6 million (N 5.7 billion) as the fair value of the contingent consideration as calculated on acquisition date. The contingent consideration of US$33 million (N 10 billion) was paid on 22 October 2012.
In 2013, Newton Energy Limited ('Newton Energy'), an entity previously beneficially owned by the same shareholders as Seplat, became a subsidiary of the Company. On 1 June 2013, Newton Energy acquired from Pillar Oil Limited ('Pillar Oil') a 40% Participant interest in producing assets: the Umuseti/Igbuku marginal field area located within OPL 283 (the 'Umuseti/Igbuku Fields').
On 12 December 2014, Seplat Gas Company Limited ('Seplat Gas') was incorporated as a private limited liability company to engage in oil and gas exploration and production.
In 2015, the Group purchased a 40% participating interest in OML 53, onshore north eastern Niger Delta, from Chevron Nigeria Ltd for US$259.4 million (N 79 billion).
In 2017, the Group incorporated a new subsidiary, ANOH Gas Processing Company Limited. The principal activities of the Company is the processing of gas from OML 53.
The Company together with its six wholly owned subsidiaries namely, Newton Energy, which was incorporated on 1 June 2013, Seplat Petroleum Development Company UK Limited ('Seplat UK'), which was incorporated on 21 August 2014, Seplat East Onshore Limited ('Seplat East'), which was incorporated on 12 December 2014, Seplat East Swamp Company Limited ('Seplat Swamp'), which was incorporated on 12 December 2014, Seplat Gas Company Limited ('Seplat GAS'), which was incorporated on 12 December 2014 and ANOH Gas Processing Company Limited which was incorporated on 18 January 2017 are collectively referred to as the Group.
| Subsidiary | Country of incorporation and place of business | Shareholding % | Principal activities |
| Newton Energy Limited | Nigeria | 100% | Oil & gas exploration and production |
| Seplat Petroleum Development UK | United Kingdom | 100% | Oil & gas exploration and production |
| Seplat East Onshore Limited | Nigeria | 100% | Oil & gas exploration and production |
| Seplat East Swamp Company Limited | Nigeria | 100% | Oil & gas exploration and production |
| Seplat Gas Company | Nigeria | 100% | Oil & gas exploration and production |
| ANOH Gas Processing Company Limited | Nigeria | 100% | Gas processing |
Report of the directors continued
For the year ended 31 December 2017
| Nigerian ₦ million | US$ '000 | |||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| Revenue | 138,281 | 63,384 | 452,179 | 254,217 |
| Operating profit/(loss) | 34,376 | (44,949) | 112,414 | (157,883) |
| Profit/(loss) before taxation | 13,454 | (47,419) | 43,997 | (172,766) |
| Profit/(loss) after taxation | 81,111 | (45,384) | 265,230 | (166,094) |
No dividend was proposed during the year (2016: nil). During a period in which Seplat is focusing on preservation of liquidity and selective capital allocation and in order to ensure the Group maintains a necessary level of financial flexibility, the Board believes that the Group and its shareholders are better served at this point in time by selectively deploying available capital (on a discretionary basis) into the portfolio of production opportunities and preserving a liquidity buffer.
The total amount outstanding as at 31st December, 2017 is US$236,052.89 and N86,957,768.04. A list of shareholders and corresponding unclaimed dividends is available on the Company's website: www.seplatpetroleum.com.
In accordance with the provisions of Section 259 of the Companies and Allied Matters Act, CAP C20, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria ('LFN') 2004, one third of the Directors of the Group shall retire from office. The Directors to retire every year shall be those who have been longest in office since their last election. Apart from the Executive Directors and Founding Directors (who are referred to as the Non-Executive Directors), all other Directors are appointed for a fixed term. Upon expiration of the terms, they become eligible for re-appointment. The Directors who are eligible for re-appointment this year are Mr. Michael Alexander and Lord Mark Malloch-Brown.
The Group announced in March that Stuart Connal retired from his role as COO and executive director effective 31 March 2017. The board, management and all staff would like to thank Mr Connal for his significant contribution to Seplat in the last few years. Stuart's vast expertise remains available to the Group through his continued involvement on a consultancy basis in support of the large scale ANOH gas and condensate project.
The board appointed an Executive Director since the last Annual General Meeting. Effiong Okon was appointed Operations Director effective 23 February 2018. The appointment will be presented to shareholders for approval at the 2018 Annual General Meeting. Effiong brings a wealth of relevant Nigerian and international operational experience from 26 years in the industry with Shell. He is an asset to the board and we look forward to his contribution to the growth of the Company.
The appointment and removal or reappointment of Directors is governed by the Company's Articles of Association and Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA) LFN 2004.
Report of the directors continued
For the year ended 31 December 2017
The Board of Directors of the Group is committed to sound corporate governance, and ensures that the Group complies with Nigerian and UK corporate governance regulations as well as international best practice.
The Board is aware of the Code of Corporate Governance issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission in the administration of the Group and is ensuring that the Group complies with the code. The Board is responsible for keeping proper accounting records with reasonable accuracy. It is also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Group through the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
In order to carry out its responsibilities, the Board has established five Board Committees and has delegated aspects of its responsibilities to them. The Committees of the Board and members are as follows:
| 1. | Finance Committee | |
| Dr Charles Okeahalam | Committee Chairman | |
| Michael Alexander | Member | |
| Ifueko M. Omoigui Okauru | Member | |
| Lord Mark Malloch-Brown | Member | |
| 2. | Nomination and Establishment Committee | |
| A.B.C. Orjiako | Committee Chairman | |
| Basil Omiyi | Member | |
| Michael Alexander | Member | |
| Damian Dinshiya Dodo | Member | |
| 3. | Remuneration Committee | |
| Michael Alexander | Committee Chairman | |
| Basil Omiyi | Member | |
| Charles Okeahalam | Member | |
| Damian Dinshiya Dodo | Member | |
| 4. | Risk management and HSSE Committee | |
| Basil Omiyi | Committee Chairman | |
| Macaulay Agbada Ofurhie | Member | |
| Ifueko M. Omoigui Okauru | Member | |
| 5. | Corporate Social Responsibility Committee | |
| Lord Mark Malloch-Brown | Committee Chairman | |
| Macaulay Agbada Ofurhie | Member | |
| Ifueko M. Omoigui Okauru | Member |
In addition to these Board Committees, the Group formed a statutory Audit Committee at its 30 June 2014 Annual General Meeting ('AGM') in compliance with Sections 359(3) and (4) of the Companies and Allied Matters Act ('CAMA'). In compliance with CAMA, three shareholder representatives and three Non-Executive Directors are elected at every AGM to sit on the Committee.
| 1. | Statutory Audit Committee | |
| Chief Anthony Idigbe, S.A.N. Dr. Faruk Umar Sir Sunday Nnamdi Nwosu |
Committee Chairman Member Member |
|
| Ifueko M. Omoigui Okauru | Member | |
| Macaulay Agbada Ofurhie | Member | |
| Michel Hochard | Member |
All six Committees have terms of reference which were reviewed in line with international best practice. These terms of reference guide the members in the execution of their duties. The terms of reference are available for review by the public. All the Committees present a report to the Board with recommendations on the matters within their purview.
Report of the directors continued
For the year ended 31 December 2017
| S/N | Name | No. of Meetings in the year |
No. of times in Attendance |
|||
| 1. | A.B.C. Orjiako | Chairman | 6 | 6 | ||
| 2. | Austin Avuru | Chief Executive Officer | 6 | 6 | ||
| 3. | Roger Brown | Chief Financial Officer | 6 | 6 | ||
| 4. | Michel Hochard* | Non-Executive Director | 6 | 5 | ||
| 5. | Macaulay Agbada Ofurhie | Non-Executive Director | 6 | 5 | ||
| 6. | Michael Alexander | Senior Independent Non-Executive Director | 6 | 6 | ||
| 7. | Charles Okeahalam | Independent Non-Executive Director | 6 | 5 | ||
| 8. | Basil Omiyi | Independent Non-Executive Director | 6 | 6 | ||
| 9. | Ifueko M. Omoigui Okauru | Independent Non-Executive Director | 6 | 6 | ||
| 10. | Lord Mark Malloch-Brown | Independent Non-Executive Director | 6 | 5 | ||
| 11. | Damian Dodo | Independent Non-Executive Director | 6 | 6 | ||
*One meeting attended by alternate Director Madame Nathalie Delapalme
Meeting dates: 25 January, 23 March, 20 April, 1st June, 20 July, and 19 October
| S/N | Name | No. of Meetings in the year |
No. of times in Attendance |
|
| 1. | Charles Okeahalam | Chairman | 5 | 5 |
| 2. | Michael Alexander | 5 | 5 | |
| 3. | Ifueko Ifueko M. Omoigui Okauru | 5 | 5 | |
| 4. | Lord Mark Malloch-Brown | 5 | 5 |
Meeting dates: 24 January, 22 March, 19 April, 19 July, and 18 October
| S/N | Name | No. of Meetings in the year |
No. of times in Attendance |
|
| 1. | A.B.C. Orjiako | Chairman | 3 | 3 |
| 2. | Basil Omiyi | 3 | 3 | |
| 3. | Michael Alexander | 3 | 3 | |
| 4. | Damian Dodo | 3 | 3 |
Meeting dates: 22 March, 19 July, and 18 October
| S/N | Name | No. of Meetings in the year |
No. of times in Attendance |
|
| 1. | Michael Alexander | Chairman | 4 | 4 |
| 2. | Basil Omiyi | 4 | 4 | |
| 3. | Charles Okeahalam | 4 | 3 | |
| 4. | Damian Dodo | 4 | 4 |
Meeting dates: 24 January, 22 March, 19 July, and 18 October
Report of the directors continued
For the year ended 31 December 2017
| S/N | Name | No. of Meetings in the year |
No. of times in Attendance |
|
| 1. | Basil Omiyi | Chairman | 4 | 4 |
| 2. | Macaulay Agbada Ofurhie | 4 | 4 | |
| 3. | Ifueko M. Omoigui-Okauru | 4 | 4 |
| S/N | Name | No. of Meetings in the year |
No. of times in Attendance |
|
| 1. | Lord Mark Malloch-Brown | Chairman | 3 | 3 |
| 2. | Macaulay Agbada Ofurhie | 3 | 3 | |
| 3. | Ifueko M. Omoigui-Okauru | 3 | 3 |
| S/N | Name | No. of Meetings in the year |
No. of times in Attendance |
|
| 1. | Chief Anthony Idigbe, SAN | Chairman | 4 | 4 |
| 2. | Ifueko M. Omoigui Okauru | 4 | 3 | |
| 3. | Dr. Faruk Umar | 4 | 4 | |
| 4. | Macaulay Agbada Ofurhie | 4 | 3 | |
| 5. | Michel Hochard | 4 | 2 | |
| 6. | Sir Sunday Nnamdi Nwosu | 4 | 4 |
Report of the directors continued
For the year ended 31 December 2017
Directors' interest in shares
In accordance with Section 275 of the Companies and Allied Matters Act, CAP C20 LFN 2004, the interests of the Directors (and of persons connected with them) in the share capital of the Company (all of which are beneficial unless otherwise stated) are as follows:
| 31-Dec-16 | 31-Dec-17 | 28-Feb-18 | As a percentage of Ordinary Shares in issue(3) |
||
| No. of Ordinary Shares |
No. of Ordinary Shares |
As a percentage of Ordinary Shares in issue |
No. of Ordinary Shares |
||
| A.B.C. Orjiako | 77,962,680 | 47,251,325 | 8.39% | 47,251,325(1) | 8.03% |
| Austin Avuru | 74,064,823 | 74,546,740 | 13.23% | 74,546,740(2) | 12.67% |
| Roger Brown | 535,715 | 807,942 | 0.14% | 807,942 | 0.14% |
| Stuart Connal | 627,289 | - | 0.00% | - | - |
| Michel Hochard | 95,238 | 95,238 | 0.02% | 95,238 | 0.02% |
| Macaulay Agbada Ofurhie | 4,901,611 | 4,901,611 | 0.87% | 4,901,611 | 0.83% |
| Michael Alexander | 95,238 | 105,238 | 0.02% | 105,238 | 0.02% |
| Charles Okeahalam | 597,238 | 597,238 | 0.11% | 597,238 | 0.10% |
| Basil Omiyi | 495,238 | 495,238 | 0.09% | 495,238 | 0.08% |
| Ifueko Omoigui Okauru | 95,238 | 95,238 | 0.02% | 95,238 | 0.02% |
| Lord Mark Malloch-Brown | 31,746 | 31,746 | 0.01% | 31,746 | 0.01% |
| Damian Dodo | 0 | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% |
| Total | 159,532,054 | 128,927,554 | 22.88% | 128,927,554 | 21.91% |
Notes:
(1) 16,151,325 ordinary shares are held directly by A.B.C. Orjiako and Shebah Petroleum Development Company Limited; 18,500,000 ordinary shares are held by Vitol Energy Limited for the benefit of Shebah Petroleum Development Company Limited, which is an entity controlled by A.B.C. Orjiako and members of his family; and 12,600,000 ordinary shares are held directly by A.B.C. Orjiako's siblings.
(2) 27,217,010 ordinary shares are held by Professional Support Limited and 1,920,000 ordinary shares are held by Abtrust Integrated Services Limited, each of which is an entity controlled by Austin Avuru. 44,160,000 ordinary shares, are held by Platform Petroleum Limited, which is an entity in which Austin Avuru has a 23% equity interest and 1,249,730 ordinary shares are held by Austin Avuru.
(3) At 1 February, 2018, the issued share capital increased by 25,000,000 shares in furtherance of the Company's Long Term Incentive Plan. Seplat's share capital now consists of 588,444,561 ordinary shares of ₦0.50k each, all with voting rights.
The Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer have disclosable indirect interest in contracts with which the Group was involved as at 31 December 2017 for the purpose of section 277 of the Companies and Allied Matters Act, CAP C20, LFN, 2004. These have been disclosed in Note 31.
According to the register of members at 31 December 2017, the following shareholders held more than 5.0% of the issued share capital of the Group:
| Shareholder | Number | % |
| CIS PLC - MAIN* | 413,825,196 | 73.45 |
| Platform Petroleum Limited | 44,160,000 | 7.84 |
Report of the directors continued
For the year ended 31 December 2017
The Group's free float at 31 December 2017 was 51.49%
Acquisition of own shares
The Group did not acquire any of its shares during the year.
Shareholding analysis
The shareholding pattern as at 31 December 2017 is as stated below:
| Share Range | Number of Shareholders | % of Shareholders |
Number of Holdings |
% Shareholding |
| 1-10000 | 1,548 | 84.64 | 1,317,791 | 0.23 |
| 10001-50000 | 148 | 8.09 | 3,841,344 | 0.68 |
| 50001-100000 | 40 | 2.19 | 2,838,987 | 0.50 |
| 100001-500000 | 60 | 3.28 | 13,606,409 | 2.41 |
| 500001-1000000 | 12 | 0.66 | 8,602,910 | 1.53 |
| 1000001-5000000 | 15 | 0.82 | 33,912,939 | 6.02 |
| 5000001-10000000 | 3 | 0.16 | 19,763,750 | 3.51 |
| 10000001-50000000 | 2 | 0.11 | 65,735,235 | 11.67 |
| 100000001-500000000 | 1 | 0.05 | 413,825,196 | 73.45 |
| Total | 1,829 | 100 | 563,444,561 | 100 |
| Year | Authorised increase | Cumulative | Issued increase | Cumulative | Consideration |
| Jun-09 | - | 100,000,000 | 100,000,000 | 100,000,000 | cash |
| Mar-13 | 100,000,000 | 200,000,000 | 100,000,000 | 200,000,000 | stock split from N1.00 to 50k |
| Jul-13 | 200,000,000 | 400,000,000 | 200,000,000 | 400,000,000 | bonus (1 for 2) |
| Aug-13 | 600,000,000 | 1,000,000,000 | 153,310,313 | 553,310,313 | cash |
| Dec-14 | - | 1,000,000,000 | - | 553,310,313 | No change |
| Dec-15 | - | 1,000,000,000 | 10,134,248 | 563,444,561 | staff share scheme |
| Dec-16 | - | 1,000,000,000 | - | 563,444,561 | No change |
| Dec-17 | - | 1,000,000,000 | - | 563,444,561 | No change |
At 1 February, 2018, the issued share capital increased by 25,000,000 shares in furtherance of the Company's Long Term Incentive Plan. Seplat's share capital now consists of 588,444,561 ordinary shares of ₦0.50k each, all with voting rights.
Report of the directors continued
For the year ended 31 December 2017
Donations
The following donations were made by the Group during the year (2016: ₦37,333,000, US$163,482).
| Name of beneficiary | ₦'000 | US$ |
| Africa Center Association | 67,568 | 220,949 |
| African Business & Social Responsibility Forum | 826 | 2,701 |
| Chartered Institute of Procurement and Supply | 522 | 1,707 |
| Children International School | 225 | 736 |
| Daniel Ogechi Akujobi Memorial Foundation | 451 | 1,475 |
| Energy Correspondents of Nigeria | 450 | 1,473 |
| International Institute of Petroleum Energy Law and Policy | 1,354 | 4,426 |
| Medical Women's Association | 922 | 3,016 |
| Nigerian Association of Petroleum Explorationists | 3,780 | 12,360 |
| Nigerian Bar Association (Lagos branch) | 158 | 516 |
| Nigerian Gas Association | 450 | 1,472 |
| Nigerian Orthopaedic Association | 450 | 1,472 |
| Nigerian Union of Journalists | 90 | 294 |
| Nigeria & Entrepreneurship, Summit & Honors (NESH) | 445 | 1,456 |
| Oil and Gas Council | 1,050 | 3,435 |
| Oil Council - Clarion Events Limited | 1,658 | 5,423 |
| Okparavero Memorial Hospital | 6,706 | 21,929 |
| Olufunke Olaiya | 225 | 736 |
| Owerri Sports Club | 901 | 2,946 |
| Petroleum Technology Association | 2,703 | 8,838 |
| Raitas Communications | 936 | 3,060 |
| SOJA Magazine | 68 | 221 |
| Solomon Uwaifo | 450 | 1,471 |
| Sustainability in the Extractive Industries (SITEI) Conference | 450 | 1,471 |
| The Nigerian Stock Exchange | 675 | 2,208 |
| University of Benin Medical Students' Association | 90 | 294 |
| University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Neurogic Association | 901 | 2,946 |
| Others | 10,857 | 35,504 |
| Total | 105,361 | 344,535 |
Report of the directors continued
For the year ended 31 December 2017
1) Employees' involvement and training: The Group continues to observe industrial relations practices such as Joint Consultative Committees and briefing employees on the developments in the Group during the year under review. Various incentive schemes for staff were maintained during the year while regular training courses were carried out for the employees. Educational assistance is provided to members of staff. Different cadres of staff were also assisted with payment of subscriptions to various professional bodies during the year. The Group will provide appropriate Health, Safety, Security and Environment (HSSE) training to all staff, and Personal Protective Equipment ('PPE') to the appropriate staff.
2) Health, safety and welfare of employees: The Group continues to enforce strict health and safety rules and practices at the work environment which are reviewed and tested regularly. The Group provides free medical care for its employees and their families through designated hospitals and clinics. Fire prevention and fire-fighting equipment are installed in strategic locations within the Group's premises. The Group operates a Group life insurance cover for the benefit of its employees. It also complies with the requirements of the Pension Reform Act, 2004 regarding its employees.
3) Employment of disabled or physically challenged persons: The Group has a policy of fair consideration of job applications by disabled persons having regard to their abilities and aptitude. The Group's policy prohibits discrimination of disabled persons in the recruitment, training and career development of its employees. As at the end of the reporting period, the Group has no disabled persons in employment.
Auditor
The Auditor, Ernst & Young, has indicated its willingness to continue in office in accordance with Section 357(2) of the Companies and Allied Matters Act, CAP C20, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 2004. A resolution will be proposed for the authorisation to the Board of Directors to fix auditor's remuneration.
By Order of the Board
Dr. Mirian Kene Kachikwu
FRC/2015/NBA/00000010739
Company Secretary,
Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc
25a Lugard Avenue
Ikoyi
Lagos
Nigeria
Date: 28 February 2018
Statement of directors' responsibilities
For the year ended 31 December 2017
The Companies and Allied Matters Act, CAP C20, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004, requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year that give a true and fair view of the state of financial affairs of the Group at the end of the year and of its profit or loss. The responsibilities include ensuring that the Group:
1. keeps proper accounting records that disclose, with reasonable accuracy, the financial position of the Group and comply with the requirements of the Companies and Allied Matters Act, CAP C20, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004;
2. establishes adequate internal controls to safeguard its assets and to prevent and detect fraud and other irregularities; and
3. prepares its financial statements using suitable accounting policies supported by reasonable and prudent judgments and estimates, and are consistently applied.
The Directors accept responsibility for the annual financial statements, which have been prepared using appropriate accounting policies supported by reasonable and prudent judgments and estimates, in conformity with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the requirements of the Companies and Allied Matters Act, CAP C20, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004 and Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria Act, No. 6, 2011.
The Directors are of the opinion that the financial statements give a true and fair view of the state of the financial affairs of the Group and of its financial performance and cashflows for the year. The Directors further accept responsibility for the maintenance of accounting records that may be relied upon in the preparation of financial statements, as well as adequate systems of internal financial control.
Nothing has come to the attention of the Directors to indicate that the Group will not remain a going concern for at least twelve months from the date of this statement.
Signed on behalf of the Directors by:
| A.B.C Orjiako Chairman FRC/2014/IODN/00000003161 28 February 2018 |
Austin Avuru Chief Executive Officer FRC/2014/IODN/00000003100 28 February 2018 |
Audit Committee's Report
For the year ended 31 December 2017
To the members of Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc
In accordance with the provisions of Section 359 (6) of the Companies and Allied Matters Act, CAP C20, LFN 2004, members of the Audit Committee of Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc hereby report on the financial statements of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2017 as follows:
· The scope and plan of the audit for the year ended 31 December 2017 were adequate;
· We have reviewed the financial statements and are satisfied with the explanations and comments obtained;
· We have reviewed the external auditors' management letter for the year and are satisfied with the management's responses and that management has taken appropriate steps to address the issues raised by the Auditors;
· We are of the opinion that the accounting and reporting policies of the Company are in accordance with legal requirements and ethical practices.
The external Auditors confirmed having received full co-operation from the Company's management in the course of the statutory audit and that the scope of their work was not restricted in any way.
Dated this 28 day of February 2018
Chief Anthony Idigbe, S.A.N.
Chairman, Audit Committee
FRC/2015/NBA/00000010414
| Ernst & Young 10th Floor, UBA House 57, Marina Lagos, Nigeria |
Tel: +234 (01) 844 996 2/3 Fax: +234 (01) 463 0481 Email: [email protected] www.ey.com |
Independent auditor's report to the members of Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc for the year ended 31 December 2017
Opinion
We have audited the consolidated and separate financial statements of Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc ("the Company") and its subsidiaries (together "the Group") which comprise:
| Group | Company |
| Consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2017 | Company statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the year ended 31 December 2017 |
| Consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2017 | Company statement of financial position as at 31 December 2017 |
| Consolidated statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 December 2017 | Company statement of changes in equity for the year ended 31 December 2017 |
| Consolidated statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 December 2017 | Company statement of cash flows for the year ended 31 December 2017 |
| Related notes to the consolidated financial statements | Related notes to the company financial statements |
In our opinion:
| · | the financial statements give a true and fair view of the financial position of the Group and of the Company as at 31 December 2017, and of the Group and Company financial performance and cash flows for the year then ended; |
| · | the financial statements of the Group and Company have been properly prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB); and |
| · | the financial statements of the Group and Company have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies and Allied Matters Act, CAP C20, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004 and in compliance with the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria Act, No. 6, 2011. |
Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (ISAs). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's Responsibilities for the audit of the financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants' Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants (IESBA Code) and other independence requirements applicable to performing audits of Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc. We have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with the IESBA Code, and in accordance with other ethical requirements applicable to performing the audit of Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Key Audit Matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements of the current year. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. For each matter below, our description of how our audit addressed the matter is provided in that context.
Independent auditor's report to the members of Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc
For the year ended 31 December 2017 - Continued
We have fulfilled the responsibilities described in the auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report, including in relation to these matters. Accordingly, our audit included the performance of procedures designed to respond to our assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements. The results of our audit procedures, including the procedures performed to address the matters below, provide the basis for our audit opinion on the accompanying financial statements.
Independent auditor's report to the members of Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc for the year ended 31 December 2017 continued
Key Audit Matter
How the matter was addressed in the audit
Impact of the estimation of the quantity of oil and gas reserves on impairment testing, depreciation, depletion and amortisation (DD&A), decommissioning provisions and the going concern assessment
As at 31 December 2017, Group reported 477.3 MMboe (Company: 288.3 MMboe) of proved plus probable reserves.
The estimation and measurement of oil and gas reserves impacts a number of material elements of the financial statements including DD&A, decommissioning provisions and impairments. There is technical uncertainty in assessing reserve quantities, as this reserve is an indicator of the future potential of the Group and Company performance.
Due to the significant impact on the financial statements of these provisions, we have considered this as a key audit matter.
We focused on management's estimation process, including whether bias exists in the determination of reserves and resources. We carried out the following procedures:
| ● | ensured that significant movements in reserves are compliant with guidelines and policies; |
| ● | ensured that additions to oil assets during the year were properly recognised and accounted for; |
| ● | confirmed that the reserve information at year end is supported by underlying documentation and data; |
| ● | performed procedures to assess the competence and objectivity of the experts involved in the estimation process; and |
| ● | reviewed disclosures in the Annual Report to ensure consistency with the reserves data that we have reviewed. |
Assessment of the recoverable amount of exploration and production assets
As at 31 December 2017, Seplat recognised N393.377 billion/US$1.3billion/(N393.377 billion) of oil and gas properties.
A sustained low oil and gas price environment could have a significant impact on the recoverable amounts of Seplat's oil and gas properties.
In view of the generally long-lived nature of Seplat's assets, the most critical assumption in forecasting future cash flows is management's view on the long term oil and gas price outlook beyond the next three to four years.
Other key inputs used in assessing recoverable amounts are the discount rate used, future expected production volumes and capital and operating expenditures.
Given the complexity of impairment testing methodologies and the judgmental nature of management assumptions in the estimation of cash flows forecasts, we have considered this as a key audit matter.
Accounting standards require management to assess at each reporting date whether indicators of impairment exist. Seplat carried out an impairment test. Our audit procedures on the impairment test included:
| ● | assessed whether or not reserve movements represented an impairment trigger; |
| ● | considered oil and gas forward curves and long term commodity price assumptions and whether these are indicators of impairment; |
| ● | discussed with management the operational status of key assets; |
| ● | separately from management, we assessed whether or not indicators of impairment exist, |
| ● | challenged management's assumptions and methodologies used in estimating future cash flows from assets. |
Independent auditor's report to the members of Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc for the year ended 31 December 2017 continued
Key Audit Matter
How the matter was addressed in the audit
Assessment of recoverability of the Nigerian Petroleum Development Company (NPDC) receivables
As at 31 December 2017, the value of the Group NPDC receivable balance was N34 billion/ US$113 million (Company: N34 billion/US$113 million).
Management has made certain assumptions about the recoverability of financial assets exposed to credit risk from NPDC. These are based on management's recent experiences and current discussions with NPDC and financial capacity of NPDC.
Given the significant nature of this account, we focused on the recoverability of this amount and has thus considered it as a key audit matter.
We carried out the following procedures:
| ● | validated the receipts during the year and post year-end; |
| ● | obtained confirmation from NNPC of amounts owed to Seplat; |
| ● | recalculated the US dollar equivalent of amounts owed in Nigerian naira; |
| ● | obtain and challenged management assessment of the recoverability of the receivables; |
| ● | discussed and challenged management's expectations in relation to the in-flow of funds. |
Assessment of recoverability of deferred tax assets
In determining if deferred tax asset should be recognised, Management assessed the recoverability of the balance. Assumptions and judgements were used to determine the probability that deferred tax assets recognised in the financial statements will be recovered from taxable income in future years.
The Group total computed deferred tax assets amounted to N85 billion/US$279 million (Company: N68 billion/US$224 million. However, the Group has recognised only N68 billion/US$224 million (Company: N68 billion/US$224 million) of the total deferred tax assets, being the amount management assessed as realisable from future taxable profits.
The Group has not recognised deferred tax assets of N17 billion/US$55 million (Company: Nil), being the taxable timing differences arising from losses and capital allowances carried forward which recoverability, in management's assessment could not be quantified with reasonable certainty as at 31 December 2017.
Given the materiality of the deferred tax asset value and the judgmental nature of management assumptions in the estimation of profit forecasts based on which the asset is recognised, we have considered this as a key audit matter.
| ● | We evaluated the five-year financial forecasts (years ended 31 December 2018 to 31 December 2022), the reliability of the financial forecast preparation process and the reasonableness of the five-year forecasts at the level of individual entities as well as at Group level. |
| ● | challenged management assumptions used by comparing the projected inputs (Revenue, Royalty and OPEX) to actuals in the year ended 31 December 2017 and challenged the inputs in the light of increasing prices in 2018. |
| ● | compared the inputs and assumptions for appropriateness and consistency with the oil assets impairment assessment. |
| ● | assessed the current loss positions and challenged the profit projections of the applicable subsidiaries and concluded that the future taxable profits of the applicable subsidiaries could not be quantified with reasonable certainty and hence not to be recognised but only disclosed in notes to the financial statements. |
| ● | assessed the adequacy of the disclosures in notes 11 and 12 of the financial statements. |
Independent auditor's report to the members of Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc for the year ended 31 December 2017 continued
Independent auditor's report to the members of Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc
For the year ended 31 December 2017 - Continued
Other Information
The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises of the Report of the Directors, Audit Committee's Report, Statement of Directors' Responsibilities and Other National Disclosures, which we obtained prior to the date of this report, and the Annual Report, which is expected to be made available to us after that date. Other information does not include the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon.
Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express an audit opinion or any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.
If, based on the work we have performed on the other information obtained prior to the date of this auditor's report, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.
When we read the Annual Report, if we conclude that there is a material misstatement therein, we are required to communicate the matter to those charged with governance.
Responsibilities of the directors for the financial statements
The directors are responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, the requirements of the Companies and Allied Matters Act, CAP C20, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004 and in compliance with the Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria Act, No. 6, 2011, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of cfinancial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Those charged with governance are responsible for overseeing the Group's financial reporting processes.
Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
Independent auditor's report to the members of Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc for the year ended 31 December 2017 continued
As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs, we exercise professional judgement and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:
| ● | Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. |
| ● | Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group's internal control. |
| ● | Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the directors. |
| ● | Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting and based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor's report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor's report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern. |
| ● | Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. |
| ● | Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the Group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion. |
We communicate with the directors regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
We also provide the directors with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with the directors, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor's report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
Independent auditor's report to the members of Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc for the year ended 31 December 2017 continued
Report on other legal and regulatory requirements
In accordance with the requirement of Schedule 6 of the Companies and Allied Matters Act, CAP C20, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004, we confirm that:
| i) | we have obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the purpose of our audit; |
| ii) | in our opinion, proper books of account have been kept by the Company, so far as appears from our examination of those books; |
| iii) | the statement of financial position and profit or loss and other comprehensive income are in agreement with the books of account; and |
| iv) | in our opinion, the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Companies and Allied Matters Act, CAP C20, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004 so as to give a true and fair view of the state of affairs and financial performance. |
_____________________________
Bernard Carrena, FCA
FRC/2013/ICAN/00000000670
Partner
For: Ernst & Young
Lagos, Nigeria
28 February 2018
Consolidated financial statements
Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income
For the year ended 31 December 2017
| 31 Dec 2017 | 31 Dec 2016 | 31 Dec 2017 | 31 Dec 2016 | |||
| Notes | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | ||
| Revenue | 5 | 138,281 | 63,384 | 452,179 | 254,217 | |
| Cost of sales | 6 | (73,414) | (47,076) | (240,059) | (182,424) | |
| Gross profit | 64,867 | 16,308 | 212,120 | 71,793 | ||
| General and administrative expenses | 7 | (25,037) | (30,001) | (81,870) | (113,832) | |
| Gains/(losses) on foreign exchange (net) | 8 | 209 | (28,684) | 682 | (101,455) | |
| Gain on deconsolidation of subsidiary | 15a | - | 210 | - | 680 | |
| Fair value loss | 9 | (5,663) | (2,782) | (18,518) | (15,069) | |
| Operating profit/ (loss) | 34,376 | (44,949) | 112,414 | (157,883) | ||
| Finance income | 10 | 1,326 | 15,800 | 4,335 | 59,017 | |
| Finance costs | 10 | (22,248) | (18,270) | (72,752) | (73,900) | |
| Profit/(loss) before taxation | 13,454 | (47,419) | 43,997 | (172,766) | ||
| Taxation | 11 | 67,657 | 2,035 | 221,233 | 6,672 | |
| Profit/(loss) for the year | 81,111 | (45,384) | 265,230 | (166,094) | ||
| Other comprehensive income: | ||||||
| Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss: | ||||||
| Foreign currency translation difference | 441 | 144,248 | (1,778) | 3,350 | ||
| Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss: | ||||||
| Remeasurement of post-employment benefit obligations | 27b | (90) | 172 | (294) | 563 | |
| Deferred tax assets on remeasurement losses | 12a | 76 | - | 250 | - | |
| (14) | 172 | (44) | 563 | |||
| Other comprehensive income for the year(net of tax) | 427 | 144,420 | (1,822) | 3,913 | ||
| Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year(net of tax) | 81,538 | 99,036 | 263,408 | (162,181) | ||
| Profit/(loss) attributable to equity holders of parent | 81,111 | (44,921) | 265,230 | (164,590) | ||
| Loss attributable to non-controlling interest | - | (463) | - | (1,504) | ||
| 81,111 | (45,384) | 265,230 | (166,094) | |||
| Total comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to equity holders of parent | 81,538 | 99,572 | 263,408 | (160,677) | ||
| Total comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interest | - | (536) | - | (1,504) | ||
| 81,538 | 99,036 | 263,408 | (162,181) | |||
| Earnings/(Loss) per share for profit/(loss) attributable to the ordinary equity holders of the Group: | ||||||
| Basic earnings/(loss) per share (N)/(US$) | 29 | 143.96 | (79.73) | 0.47 | (0.29) | |
| Diluted earnings/(loss) per share (N)/(US$) | 29 | 141.89 | (79.51) | 0.46 | (0.29) |
Notes 1 to 34 on pages 39 to 103 are an integral part of the financial statements.
Consolidated financial statements
Statement of financial position
As at 31 December 2017
| 31 Dec 2017 | 31 Dec 2016 | 31 Dec 2017 | 31 Dec 2016 | ||
| Notes | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| ASSETS | |||||
| Non-current assets | |||||
| Oil & gas properties | 14a | 393,377 | 373,442 | 1,286,387 | 1,224,400 |
| Other property, plant and equipment | 14b | 1,553 | 2,430 | 5,078 | 7,967 |
| Other asset | 15 | 66,368 | 76,277 | 217,031 | 250,090 |
| Prepayments | 16 | 9,957 | 10,253 | 32,562 | 33,616 |
| Deferred tax assets | 12 | 68,417 | - | 223,731 | - |
| Total non-current assets | 539,672 | 462,402 | 1,764,789 | 1,516,073 | |
| Current assets | |||||
| Inventories | 18 | 30,683 | 32,395 | 100,336 | 106,213 |
| Trade and other receivables | 19 | 94,904 | 119,160 | 310,345 | 390,694 |
| Prepayments | 16 | 595 | 2,035 | 1,948 | 6,672 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 20 | 133,699 | 48,684 | 437,212 | 159,621 |
| Total current assets | 259,881 | 202,274 | 849,841 | 663,200 | |
| Total assets | 799,553 | 664,676 | 2,614,630 | 2,179,273 | |
| EQUITY AND LIABILITIES | |||||
| Equity | |||||
| Issued share capital | 21 | 283 | 283 | 1,826 | 1,826 |
| Share premium | 21c | 82,080 | 82,080 | 497,457 | 497,457 |
| Share based payment reserve | 21b | 4,332 | 2,597 | 17,809 | 12,135 |
| Capital contribution | 22 | 5,932 | 5,932 | 40,000 | 40,000 |
| Retained earnings | 166,149 | 85,052 | 944,108 | 678,922 | |
| Foreign currency translation reserve | 200,870 | 200,429 | 1,897 | 3,675 | |
| Total shareholders' equity | 459,646 | 376,373 | 1,503,097 | 1,234,015 | |
| Non-current liabilities | |||||
| Interest bearing loans and borrowings | 24 | 93,170 | 136,060 | 304,677 | 446,098 |
| Contingent consideration | 25 | 4,251 | 3,672 | 13,900 | 12,040 |
| Provision for decommissioning obligation | 26 | 32,510 | 182 | 106,312 | 597 |
| Defined benefit plan | 27 | 1,994 | 1,559 | 6,518 | 5,112 |
| Total non-current liabilities | 131,925 | 141,473 | 431,407 | 463,847 | |
| Current liabilities | |||||
| Interest bearing loans and borrowings | 24 | 81,159 | 66,489 | 265,400 | 217,998 |
| Trade and other payables | 28 | 125,559 | 79,766 | 410,593 | 261,528 |
| Current taxation | 11 | 1,264 | 575 | 4,133 | 1,885 |
| Total current liabilities | 207,982 | 146,830 | 680,126 | 481,411 | |
| Total liabilities | 339,907 | 288,303 | 1,111,533 | 945,258 | |
| Total shareholders' equity and liabilities | 799,553 | 664,676 | 2,614,630 | 2,179,273 |
Notes 1 to 34 on pages 39 to 103 are an integral part of the financial statements.
Consolidated financial statements
Statement of financial position Continued
As at 31 December 2017
The Group's financial statements of Seplat Development Company Plc and its subsidiaries for the year ended 31 December 2017 were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Directors on 28 February 2018 and were signed on its behalf by
| A. B. C. Orjiako | A. O. Avuru | R.T. Brown |
| FRC/2013/IODN/00000003161 | FRC/2013/IODN/00000003100 | FRC/2014/ANAN/00000017939 |
| Chairman | Chief Executive Officer | Chief Financial Officer |
| 28 February 2018 | 28 February 2018 | 28 February 2018 |
Consolidated financial statements
Statement of changes in equity
For the year ended 31 December 2017
| Issued Share Capital |
Share Premium |
Capital Contribution |
Share Based Payment Reserve |
Retained Earnings |
Foreign Currency Translation Reserve |
Total | Non-Controlling Interest |
Total Equity |
||
| Notes | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | |
| At 1 January 2016 | 282 | 82,080 | 5,932 | 1,729 | 134,919 | 56,182 | 281,124 | (148) | 280,976 | |
| Loss for the year | - | - | - | - | (44,921) | - | (44,921) | (463) | (45,384) | |
| Other comprehensive income/(loss) | - | - | - | - | 172 | 144,247 | 144,419 | (73) | 144,346 | |
| Total comprehensive (loss)/income for the year | - | - | - | - | (44,749) | 144,247 | 99,498 | (536) | 98,962 | |
| Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners: | ||||||||||
| Dividends | 30 | - | - | - | - | (5,118) | - | (5,118) | - | (5,118) |
| Share based payments | 21b | - | - | - | 869 | - | - | 869 | - | 869 |
| Loss of control | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 684 | 684 | |
| Issue of shares | 1 | - | - | (1) | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Total | 1 | - | - | 868 | (5,118) | - | (4,249) | 684 | (3,565) | |
| At 31 December 2016 | 283 | 82,080 | 5,932 | 2,597 | 85,052 | 200,429 | 376,373 | - | 376,373 | |
| At 1 January 2017 | 283 | 82,080 | 5,932 | 2,597 | 85,052 | 200,429 | 376,373 | - | 376,373 | |
| Profit for the year | - | - | - | - | 81,111 | - | 81,111 | - | 81,111 | |
| Other comprehensive (loss)/income | - | - | - | - | (14) | 441 | 427 | - | 427 | |
| Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year | - | - | - | - | 81,097 | 442 | 81,538 | - | 81,538 | |
| Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners: | ||||||||||
| Share based payments | 21b | - | - | - | 1,735 | - | - | 1,735 | - | 1,735 |
| Total | - | - | - | 1,735 | - | - | 1,735 | - | 1,735 | |
| At 31 December 2017 | 283 | 82,080 | 5,932 | 4,332 | 166,149 | 200,871 | 459,646 | - | 459,646 |
Notes 1 to 34 on pages 39 to 103 are an integral part of the financial statements.
Statement of changes in equity
For the year ended 31 December 2017
| Issued Share Capital |
Share Premium |
Capital Contribution |
Share Based Payment Reserve |
Retained Earnings |
Foreign Currency Translation Reserve |
Total | Non-Controlling Interest |
Total Equity |
||
| Notes | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| At 1 January 2016 | 1,821 | 497,457 | 40,000 | 8,734 | 865,483 | 325 | 1,413,820 | (745) | 1,413,075 | |
| Loss for the year | - | - | - | - | (164,590) | - | (164,590) | (1,504) | (166,094) | |
| Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | - | 563 | 3,350 | 3,913 | - | 3,913 | |
| Total comprehensive (loss)/income for the year | - | - | - | - | (164,027) | 3,350 | (160,677) | (1,504) | (162,181) | |
| Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners: | ||||||||||
| Dividends | 30 | - | - | - | - | (22,534) | - | (22,534) | - | (22,534) |
| Share based payments | 21b | - | - | - | 3,406 | - | - | 3,406 | - | 3,406 |
| Loss of control | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2,249 | 2,249 | |
| Issue of shares | 5 | - | - | (5) | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Total | 5 | - | - | 3,401 | (22,534) | - | (19,128) | 2,249 | (16,879) | |
| At 31 December 2016 | 1,826 | 497,457 | 40,000 | 12,135 | 678,922 | 3,675 | 1,234,015 | - | 1,234,015 | |
| At 1 January 2017 | 1,826 | 497,457 | 40,000 | 12,135 | 678,922 | 3,675 | 1,234,015 | - | 1,234,015 | |
| Profit for the year | - | - | - | - | 265,230 | - | 265,230 | - | 265,230 | |
| Other comprehensive loss | - | - | - | - | (44) | (1,778) | (1,822) | - | (1,822) | |
| Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year | - | - | - | - | 265,186 | (1,778) | 263,408 | - | 263,408 | |
| Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners: | ||||||||||
| Share based payments | 21b | - | - | - | 5,674 | - | - | 5,674 | - | 5,674 |
| Total | - | - | - | 5,674 | - | - | 5,674 | - | 5,674 | |
| At 31 December 2017 | 1,826 | 497,457 | 40,000 | 17,809 | 944,108 | 1,897 | 1,503,097 | - | 1,503,097 |
Notes 1 to 34 on pages 39 to 103 are an integral part of the financial statements.
Statement of cash flows
For the year ended 31 December 2017
| 31 Dec 2017 | 31 Dec 2016 | 31 Dec 2017 | 31 Dec 2016 | ||
| Notes | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||
| Cash generated from operations | 13 | 136,870 | 62,661 | 447,574 | 161,098 |
| Receipts from derivatives | - | 3,275 | - | 10,739 | |
| Defined benefits paid | (163) | (74) | (532) | (242) | |
| Net cash inflows from operating activities | 136,707 | 65,862 | 447,042 | 171,595 | |
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||
| Investment in oil and gas properties | (9,777) | (15,805) | (31,970) | (51,834) | |
| Investment in other property, plant and equipment | (459) | (992) | (1,500) | (2,349) | |
| Proceeds from disposal of other property plant and equipment | 50 | 151 | 162 | 385 | |
| Proceeds from sale of other asset | 15 | 10,947 | - | 35,794 | |
| Interest received | 1,326 | 15,800 | 4,335 | 1,664 | |
| Net cash inflows/(outflows) from investing activities | 2,087 | (846) | 6,821 | (52,134) | |
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||||
| Repayments of bank financing | (29,970) | (44,835) | (98,000) | (187,000) | |
| Dividends paid | 30 | - | (5,118) | - | (22,534) |
| Interest paid on bank financing | (21,213) | (18,165) | (69,366) | (73,420) | |
| Interest paid on advance payments for crude oil sales | (1,770) | - | (5,789) | - | |
| Net cash (outflows) from financing activities | (52,953) | (68,118) | (173,155) | (282,954) | |
| Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 85,841 | (3,102) | 280,708 | (163,493) | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 48,684 | 64,828 | 159,621 | 326,029 | |
| Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | (826) | (13,042) | (3,117) | (2,915) | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 20 | 133,699 | 48,684 | 437,212 | 159,621 |
Notes 1 to 34 on pages 39 to 103 are an integral part of the financial statements.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
1. Corporate information and business
Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc ('Seplat' or the 'Company'), the parent of the Group, was incorporated on 17 June 2009 as a private limited liability company and re-registered as a public company on 3 October 2014, under the Companies and Allied Matters Act, CAP C20, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. The Company commenced operations on 1 August 2010. The Company is principally engaged in oil and gas exploration and production.
The Company's registered address is: 25a Lugard Avenue, Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria.
The Company acquired, pursuant to an agreement for assignment dated 31 January 2010 between the Company, SPDC, TOTAL and AGIP, a 45% participating interest in the following producing assets:
OML 4, OML 38 and OML 41 located in Nigeria. The total purchase price for these assets was US$340 million (N 104 billion) paid at the completion of the acquisition on 31 July 2010 and a contingent payment of US$33 million (N 10 billion) payable 30 days after the second anniversary, 31 July 2012, if the average price per barrel of Brent Crude oil over the period from acquisition up to 31 July 2012 exceeds US$80 (N 24,464) per barrel. US$358.6 million (N 110 billion) was allocated to the producing assets including US$18.6 million (N 5.7 billion) as the fair value of the contingent consideration as calculated on acquisition date. The contingent consideration of US$33 million (N 10 billion) was paid on 22 October 2012.
In 2013, Newton Energy Limited ('Newton Energy'), an entity previously beneficially owned by the same shareholders as Seplat, became a subsidiary of the Company. On 1 June 2013, Newton Energy acquired from Pillar Oil Limited ('Pillar Oil') a 40% Participant interest in producing assets: the Umuseti/Igbuku marginal field area located within OPL 283 (the 'Umuseti/Igbuku Fields').
On 12 December 2014, Seplat Gas Company Limited ('Seplat Gas') was incorporated as a private limited liability company to engage in oil and gas exploration and production.
In 2015, the Group purchased a 40% participating interest in OML 53, onshore north eastern Niger Delta, from Chevron Nigeria Ltd for US$259.4 million (N 79 billion).
In 2017, the Group incorporated a new subsidiary, ANOH Gas Processing Company Limited. The principal activities of the Company is the processing of gas from OML 53.
The Company together with its six wholly owned subsidiaries namely, Newton Energy, which was incorporated on 1 June 2013, Seplat Petroleum Development Company UK Limited ('Seplat UK'), which was incorporated on 21 August 2014, Seplat East Onshore Limited ('Seplat East'), which was incorporated on 12 December 2014, Seplat East Swamp Company Limited ('Seplat Swamp'), which was incorporated on 12 December 2014, Seplat Gas Company Limited ('Seplat GAS'), which was incorporated on 12 December 2014 and ANOH Gas Processing Company Limited which was incorporated on 18 January 2017 are collectively referred to as the Group.
| Subsidiary | Country of incorporation and place of business | Shareholding % | Principal activities |
| Newton Energy Limited | Nigeria | 100% | Oil & gas exploration and production |
| Seplat Petroleum Development UK | United Kingdom | 100% | Oil & gas exploration and production |
| Seplat East Onshore Limited | Nigeria | 100% | Oil & gas exploration and production |
| Seplat East Swamp Company Limited | Nigeria | 100% | Oil & gas exploration and production |
| Seplat Gas Company | Nigeria | 100% | Oil & gas exploration and production |
| ANOH Gas Processing Company Limited | Nigeria | 100% | Gas processing |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
2. Summary of significant accounting policies
2.1 Introduction to summary of significant accounting policies
During the reporting period ended 31 December 2017, the Group renegotiated its lending arrangements resulting in a twelve month extension of its revolving credit facility till 31 December 2018. Force majeure was also lifted in the period and as a result the Group significantly increased its production volumes. The Group continued its efforts towards securing alternative evacuation routes to ensure sustained growth in production volumes.
Resumption of exports via the Forcados terminal, has strengthened the Group's financial performance and position during the period ended 31 December 2017.
2.2 Basis of preparation
i) Compliance with IFRS
The consolidated financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2017 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") and interpretations issued by the IFRS Interpretations Committee (IFRS IC) applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. The financial statements comply with IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Additional information required by National regulations is included where appropriate.
The financial statements comprise the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, the statement of financial position, the statement of changes in equity, the statement of cash flows and the notes to the financial statements.
ii) Historical cost convention
The financial information has been prepared under the going concern assumption and historical cost convention, except for contingent consideration, and financial instruments on initial recognition measured at fair value. The financial statements are presented in US Dollars and Nigerian Naira and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand (N'million and US$'000), except when otherwise indicated.
iii) Going concern
Nothing has come to the attention of the directors to indicate that the Group will not remain a going concern for at least twelve months from the date of this statement.
iv) New and amended standards adopted by the Group
There were a number of new standards and amendments to standards that are effective for annual periods beginning after 1 January 2017; the Group has adopted these new or amended standards in consolidated financial statements. The nature and impact of the new standards and amendments to the standards are described below.
Other than the changes described below, the accounting policies adopted are consistent with those of the previous financial year.
a) Disclosure initiative - Amendments to IAS 7
The Group is now required to explain changes in their liabilities arising from financing activities. This includes changes arising from cash flows (e.g. drawdowns and repayments of borrowings) and non-cash changes such as acquisitions, disposals, accretion of interest and unrealised exchange differences.
Changes in financial assets are included in this disclosure if the cash flows were, or are, included in cash flows from financing activities. This is the case, for example, for assets that hedge liabilities arising from financing liabilities.
The Group may include changes in other items as part of this disclosure, for example by providing a 'net debt' reconciliation. However, in this case the changes in the other items are disclosed separately from the changes in liabilities arising from financing activities.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
The Group discloses this information in tabular format as a reconciliation from opening and closing balances. There were no other standards adopted that has a material impact on the financial statements.
The Group discloses this information in Note 24.
v) New standards and interpretations not yet adopted
Certain new accounting standards and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for 31 December 2017 reporting periods and have not been early adopted by the Group. The Group's assessment of the impact of these new standards and interpretations is set out below.
| Title of standard | IFRS 9 Financial Instruments |
| Nature of change | IFRS 9 Financial instruments addresses the classification, measurement and de-recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities, and introduces new rules for hedge accounting and a new impairment model for financial assets. It replaces the guidance in IAS 39 that relates to the classification and measurement of financial instruments. |
| Impact | The Group has reviewed its financial assets and liabilities and is expecting the following impact from the adoption of the new standard on 1 January 2018: Classification and measurement: From the results, the Group does not expect the new guidance to have a significant impact on the classification and measurement of its financial assets which are all currently classified as loans and receivables and are measured at amortised cost. IFRS 9 retains but simplifies the mixed measurement model and establishes three (3) primary measurement categories for financial assets: amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income and fair value through profit or loss. The basis of classification depends on the entity's business model and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset. The financial assets currently classified as loans and receivables in the financial statement will satisfy the conditions for classification at amortised cost under IFRS 9. There will be no impact on the Group's accounting for financial liabilities, as the new requirements only affect financial liabilities that are designated at fair value through profit or loss and the Group does not have such liabilities. The de-recognition rules have been transferred from IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement and have not been changed. Impairment of financial assets: The new impairment model requires the recognition of impairment provisions based on expected credit losses (ECL) which considers more forward looking information in establishing a provision for impairment. It applies to financial assets classified at amortised cost and contract assets under IFRS 15: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Based on assessments undertaken on the Group's portfolio of impaired NPDC receivables, it estimates that on adoption of the new principles on 1 January 2018, loss allowance for NPDC receivables would increase by approximately US$1.6 million (N 489 million) at that date and retained earnings would decrease by the same amount. The loss allowance is an estimated value which is subject to change in the 2018 financial statements. Hedge Accounting: The new hedge accounting rules will align the accounting for hedging instruments more closely with the Group's risk management practices. As a general rule, more hedge relationships might be eligible for hedge accounting, as the standard introduces a more principles-based approach. The Group does not expect a significant impact on the accounting for its hedging relationships as a result of the adoption of IFRS 9, as they have not formally elected to apply hedge accounting. Disclosures: The new standard also introduces expanded disclosure requirements and changes in presentation. These are expected to change the nature and extent of the Group's disclosures about its financial instruments particularly in the year of the adoption of the new standard. |
| Date of adoption | The Group will apply the new rules retrospectively from 1 January 2018. Comparatives for 2017 will not be restated. |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
| Title of standard | IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts with customers |
| Nature of change | The IASB has issued a new standard for the recognition of revenue. This will replace IAS 18 which covers contracts for goods and services and IAS 11 which covers construction contracts. The new standard introduces a five step model approach which is based on the principle that revenue is recognised when control of a good or service transfers to a customer. The Group will recognise revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. |
| Impact | Management has assessed the effects of applying the new standard on the Group's financial statements and has identified the following areas that will be affected: Accounting for under lifts and over lifts: IFRS 15 is applicable only if the counterparty to the contract is a customer. The standard defines a customer as a party that has contracts with an entity to obtain goods or services that are an output of the entity's ordinary activities. IFRS 15 makes a distinction between customers and partners or collaborators who share in the risks and benefits that result from the activity or process. Since the Joint Venture (JV) partners do not meet the definition of a customer, over lifts and under lifts should not be recognised as revenue from contracts with customers. In addition, even if the partner meets the definition of a customer, the transaction would still be outside the scope of the standard since the transaction is a non-monetary exchange (exchange of crude oil for crude oil). The Group estimates that on adoption of the new principles as at 1 January 2018, revenue would increase by N11 billion (US$38 million) and cost of sales would increase by the same amount, as a result of the difference in accounting for overlifts and underlifts. Accounting for consideration payable to the customer: The standard requires that an entity accounts for consideration payable to a customer as a reduction of the transaction price and, therefore, net of revenue unless the payment to the customer is in exchange for a distinct good or service that the customer transfers to the entity. If the amount of consideration payable to the customer exceeds the fair value of the distinct good or service that the entity receives from the customer, then the entity accounts for such an excess as a reduction of the transaction price. If the entity cannot reasonably estimate the fair value of the good or service received from the customer, it accounts for all of the consideration payable to the customer as a reduction of the transaction price. The Group incurs barging costs in the course of the satisfaction of its performance obligations i.e. delivery of crude oil and gas. These costs do not transfer any distinct good or service and as such represent consideration payable to customer and will be accounted for as a direct deduction from revenue when the Group recognises revenue for the delivery of crude oil and gas. The Group estimates that on adoption of the new principles as at 1 January 2018, revenue would reduce by an additional N2.7 billion (US$9 million) as a result of barging costs reclassified from general and administrative expenses. Presentation of contract assets and contract liabilities on the balance sheet: IFRS 15 requires the separate presentation of contract assets and contract liabilities on the balance sheet. On adoption of the new principles as at 1 January 2018, it would result in a reclassification of advances for future oil sales amounting to N41 billion (US$136 million) which are currently included in deferred revenue to contract liabilities. The estimated impact in revenue on adoption of the new principles of IFRS 15 is subject to change in the 2018 financial statements. |
| Date of adoption | The Group will adopt the new standard on 1 January 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. |
| Title of standard | IFRS 16 Leases |
| Nature of change | IFRS 16 was issued in January 2016. It will result in almost all leases being recognised on the balance sheet, as the distinction between operating and finance leases is removed. Under the new standard, an asset (the right to use the leased item) and a financial liability to pay rentals are recognised. The only exceptions are short-term and low-value leases. The accounting for lessors will not significantly change. |
| Impact | Operating leases: The standard will affect primarily the accounting for the Group's operating leases which include leases of buildings, boats, storage facilities, rigs, land and motor vehicles. As at the reporting date, the Group has non-cancellable operating lease commitments of ₦1.3 billion (US$4.2 million). A Right of use asset and lease liability will be recognised for these commitments. |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
| Impact | As at the reporting period, the full extent of the impact is yet to be quantified for the affected leases. Short term leases & Low value leases: The Group's one-year contracts with no planned extension commitments mostly applicable to leased staff flats will be covered by the exception for short-term leases, while none of the Group's leases will be covered by the exception for low value leases. Service contracts: Some commitments such as contracts for the provision of drilling, cleaning and community services were identified as service contracts as they did not contain an identifiable asset which the Group had a right to control. It therefore did not qualify as leases under IFRS 16. |
| Date of adoption | The standard for leases is mandatory for financial years commencing on or after 1 January 2019. The Group does not intend to adopt the standard before its effective date. |
There are no other standards that are not yet effective and that would be expected to have a material impact on the Group.
2.3 Basis of consolidation
i) Subsidiaries
Subsidiaries are all entities (including structured entities) over which the Group has control.
The consolidated financial information comprises the financial statements of the Group and its subsidiaries as at 31 December 2017. Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee. Specifically, the Group controls an investee if and only if the Group has:
· Power over the investee (i.e. existing rights that give it the current ability to direct the relevant activities of the investee);
· Exposure, or rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the investee; and
· The ability to use its power over the investee to affect its returns.
Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date on which control is obtained by the Group and are deconsolidated from the date control ceases.
Generally, there is a presumption that a majority of voting rights results in control. To support this presumption and when the Group has less than a majority of the voting or similar rights of an investee, the Group considers all relevant facts and circumstances in assessing whether it has power over an investee, including:
· The contractual arrangement(s) with the other vote holders of the investee
· Rights arising from other contractual arrangements
· The Group's voting rights and potential voting rights
ii) Change in the ownership interest of subsidiary
The Group re-assesses whether or not it controls an investee if facts and circumstances indicate that there are changes to one or more of the three elements of control. Consolidation of a subsidiary begins when the Group obtains control over the subsidiary and ceases when the Group loses control of the subsidiary. Assets, liabilities, income and expenses of a subsidiary acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the profit or loss and other comprehensive income from the date the Group gains control until the date the Group ceases to control the subsidiary.
Profit or loss and each component of OCI are attributed to the equity holders of the parent of the Group and to the non-controlling interests, even if this results in the non-controlling interests having a deficit balance. When necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with the Group's accounting policies. All intra-group assets and liabilities, equity, income, expenses and cash flows relating to transactions between members of the Group are eliminated in full on consolidation.
The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting periods as the parent company using consistent accounting policies.
A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary, without a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
iii) Disposal of subsidiary
If the Group loses control over a subsidiary, it:
· Derecognises the assets (including goodwill) and liabilities of the subsidiary;
· Derecognises the carrying amount of any non-controlling interests;
· Derecognises the cumulative translation differences recorded in equity;
· Recognises the fair value of the consideration received;
· Recognises the fair value of any investment retained;
· Recognises any surplus or deficit in profit or loss; and
· Reclassifies the parent's share of components previously recognised in OCI to profit or loss or retained earnings, as appropriate, as would be required if the Group had directly disposed of the related assets or liabilities.
iv) Joint arrangements
Under IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements investments in joint arrangements are classified as either joint operations or joint ventures. The classification depends on the contractual rights and obligations of each investor, rather than the legal structure of the joint arrangement. As at the reporting date, the Group has only joint operations.
Joint operations
The Group recognises its direct right to the assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses of joint operations and its share of any jointly held or incurred assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. These have been incorporated in the financial statements under the appropriate headings.
The Group recognises in its own accounting records as follows:
a) Its share of the mineral properties is shown within property, plant and equipment.
b) Any liabilities that it has incurred including those incurred to finance its share of the asset.
c) Its share of any liabilities incurred jointly with other venturers, including the decommissioning liability of production and field facilities.
d) Any income from its sale or use of its share of the output.
e) Any expenses that it has incurred in respect of its interest in the venture, together with its share of any expenses incurred by the joint operation.
In addition to joint costs, the Group also incurs exclusive costs, which are fully borne by the Group.
2.4 Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the financial statements of each of the Group's subsidiaries are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the subsidiaries operate ('the functional currency'), which is the US dollar except the UK subsidiary which is the Great Britain Pound. The consolidated financial statements are presented in Nigerian Naira and the US Dollars.
The Group has chosen to show both presentation currencies side by side and this allowable by the regulator.
i) Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are generally recognised in profit or loss.
Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowings are presented in the statement of profit or loss, within finance costs. All other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the statement of profit or loss on a net basis within other income or other expenses.
Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss in profit or loss or other comprehensive income depending on where fair value gain or loss is reported.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
ii) Group companies
The results and financial position of foreign operations that have a functional currency different from the presentation currency are translated into the presentation currency as follows:
| ● | assets and liabilities for each statement of financial position presented are translated at the closing rate at the date of the reporting date. |
| ● | income and expenses for each statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income are translated at average exchange rates (unless this is not - a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income and expenses are translated at the dates of the transactions), and |
| ● | all resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income. |
On disposal of a foreign operation, the component of other comprehensive income relating to that particular foreign operation is recognised in profit or loss.
2.5 Oil and gas accounting
i) Pre-license costs
Pre-license costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.
ii) Exploration license cost
Exploration license costs are capitalised within oil and gas properties. License costs paid in connection with a right to explore in an existing exploration area are capitalised and amortised on a straight-line basis over the life of the permit.
License costs are reviewed at each reporting date to confirm that there is no indication that the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount. This review includes confirming that exploration drilling is still under way or firmly planned, or that it has been determined, or work is under way to determine that the discovery is economically viable based on a range of technical and commercial considerations and sufficient progress is being made on establishing development plans and timing. If no future activity is planned or the license has been relinquished or has expired, the carrying value of the license is written off through profit or loss.
iii) Acquisition of producing assets
Upon acquisition of producing assets which do not constitute a business combination, the Group identifies and recognises the individual identifiable assets acquired (including those assets that meet the definition of, and recognition criteria for, intangible assets in IAS 38 Intangible Assets) and liabilities assumed. The purchase price paid for the Group of assets is allocated to the individual identifiable assets and liabilities on the basis of their relative fair values at the date of purchase.
iv) Exploration and evaluation expenditures
Geological and geophysical exploration costs are charged to profit or loss as incurred.
Exploration and evaluation expenditures incurred by the entity are accumulated separately for each area of interest. Such expenditures comprise net direct costs and an appropriate portion of related overhead expenditure, but do not include general overheads or administrative expenditure that is not directly related to a particular area of interest. Each area of interest is limited to a size related to a known or probable hydrocarbon resource capable of supporting an oil operation.
Costs directly associated with an exploration well, exploratory stratigraphic test well and delineation wells are temporarily suspended (capitalised) until the drilling of the well is complete and the results have been evaluated. These costs include employee remuneration, materials and fuel used, rig costs, delay rentals and payments made to contractors. If hydrocarbons ('proved reserves') are not found, the exploration expenditure is written off as a dry hole and charged to profit or loss. If hydrocarbons are found, the costs continue to be capitalised.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
Suspended exploration and evaluation expenditure in relation to each area of interest is carried forward as an asset provided that one of the following conditions is met:
· the costs are expected to be recouped through successful development and exploitation of the area of interest or alternatively, by its sale;
· exploration and/or evaluation activities in the area of interest have not, at the reporting date, reached a stage which permits a reasonable assessment of the existence or otherwise of economically; and
· recoverable reserves, and active and significant operations in, or in relation to, the area of interest are continuing.
Exploration and/or evaluation expenditures which fail to meet at least one of the conditions outlined above are written off. In the event that an area is subsequently abandoned or exploration activities do not lead to the discovery of proved or probable reserves, or if the Directors consider the expenditure to be of no value, any accumulated costs carried forward relating to the specified areas of interest are written off in the year in which the decision is made. While an area of interest is in the development phase, amortisation of development costs is not charged pending the commencement of production. Exploration and evaluation costs are transferred from the exploration and/or evaluation phase to the development phase upon commitment to a commercial development.
v) Development expenditures
Development expenditure incurred by the entity is accumulated separately for each area of interest in which economically recoverable reserves have been identified to the satisfaction of the Directors. Such expenditure comprises net direct costs and, in the same manner as for exploration and evaluation expenditure, an appropriate portion of related overhead expenditure directly related to the development property. All expenditure incurred prior to the commencement of commercial levels of production from each development property is carried forward to the extent to which recoupment is expected to be derived from the sale of production from the relevant development property.
2.6 Revenue recognition
Revenue arises from the sale of crude oil and gas. Revenue comprises the realised value of crude oil lifted by customers. Revenue is recognised when crude products are lifted by a third party (buyer) Free on Board ('FOB') at the Group's designated loading facility or lifting terminals. At the point of lifting, all risks and rewards are transferred to the buyer. Gas revenue is recognised when gas passes through the custody transfer point.
Overlift and underlift
| The excess of the product sold during the period over the Group's ownership share of production is termed as an overlift and is accrued for as a liability and not as revenue. Conversely, an underlift is recognised as an asset and the corresponding revenue is also reported. | |
| Overlifts and underlifts are initially measured at the market price of oil at the date of lifting, consistent with the measurement of the sale and purchase. | |
| a Subsequently, they are remeasured at the current market value. The change arising from this remeasurement is included in the profit or loss as revenue or cost of sales. |
2.7 Property, plant and equipment
Oil and gas properties and other plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.
The initial cost of an asset comprises its purchase price or construction cost, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset into operation, the initial estimate of any decommissioning obligation and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs. The purchase price or construction cost is the aggregate amount paid and the fair value of any other consideration given to acquire the asset. Where parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items of property, plant and equipment.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
Expenditure on major maintenance refits or repairs comprises the cost of replacement assets or parts of assets, inspection costs and overhaul costs. Where an asset or part of an asset that was separately depreciated and is now written off is replaced and it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity, the expenditure is capitalised. Inspection costs associated with major maintenance programmes are capitalised and amortised over the period to the next inspection. Overhaul costs for major maintenance programmes are capitalised as incurred as long as these costs increase the efficiency of the unit or extend the useful life of the asset. All other maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
Depreciation
Production and field facilities are depreciated on a unit-of-production basis over the estimated proved developed reserves. Assets under construction are not depreciated. Other property, plant and equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Depreciation commences when an asset is available for use. The depreciation rate for each class is as follows:
| Plant and machinery | 20% |
| Motor vehicles | 25% |
| Office furniture and IT equipment | 33.33% |
| Leasehold improvements | Over the unexpired portion of the lease |
The expected useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment are reviewed on an annual basis and, if necessary, changes in useful lives are accounted for prospectively.
2.8 Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.
Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds. These costs may arise from; specific borrowings used for the purpose of financing the construction of a qualifying asset, and those that arise from general borrowings that would have been avoided if the expenditure on the qualifying asset had not been made. The general borrowing costs attributable to an asset's construction is calculated by reference to the weighted average cost of general borrowings that are outstanding during the period.
Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on the qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation. All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
2.9 Impairment of non-financial assets
Goodwill and intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently. Other non -financial assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Individual assets are grouped for impairment assessment purposes at the lowest level at which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets. This should be at a level not higher than an operating segment.
If any such indication of impairment exists or when annual impairment testing for an asset group is required, the entity makes an estimate of its recoverable amount. Such indicators include changes in the Group's business plans, changes in commodity prices, evidence of physical damage and, for oil and gas properties, significant downward revisions of estimated recoverable volumes or increases in estimated future development expenditure.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs of disposal ('FVLCD') and value in use ('VIU'). The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or group of assets, in which case, the asset is tested as part of a larger cash generating unit to it belongs. Where the carrying amount of an asset group exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset group is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.
In calculating VIU, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset/CGU. In determining FVLCD, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.
Impairment - exploration and evaluation assets
Exploration and evaluation assets are tested for impairment once commercial reserves are found before they are transferred to oil and gas assets, or whenever facts and circumstances indicate impairment. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the exploration and evaluation assets' carrying amount exceeds their recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the exploration and evaluation assets' fair value less costs to sell and their value in use.
Impairment - proved oil and gas production properties
Proven oil and gas properties are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows.
2.10 Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows comprise cash at banks and at hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.
2.11 Inventories
Inventories represent the value of tubulars, casing and wellheads. These are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined using the invoice value and all other directly attributable costs to bringing the inventory to the point of use determined on a first in first out basis. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated cost necessary to make the sale.
2.12 Other asset
The Group's interest in the oil and gas reserves of OML 55 has been classified as other asset. On initial recognition, it is measured at the fair value of future recoverable oil and gas reserves.
Subsequently, the other asset is carried at fair value through profit or loss.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
2.13 Segment reporting
Segment reporting has not been prepared as the Group operates one segment, being the exploration, development and production of oil and gas related products located in Nigeria. Operations in the different OMLs are integrated due to geographic proximity, the use of shared infrastructure and common operational management.
2.14 Financial instruments
2.14.1 Financial assets
i) Financial assets initial recognition and measurement
The Group determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition.
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus transaction costs, except in the case of financial assets recorded at fair value through profit or loss which do not include transaction costs. The Group's financial assets include cash and short-term deposits, trade and other receivables, favourable derivatives and loan and other receivables.
ii) Subsequent measurement
The subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification, as follows:
Trade receivables, loans and other receivables
Trade receivables, loans and other receivables, which are non-derivative financial assets that have fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market, are classified as loans and receivables. They are included in the current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the reporting date. The Group's loan and receivables comprise trade and other receivables in the consolidated historical financial information.
Loans and receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method net of any impairment.
A provision for impairment of trade receivables is established when there is objective evidence that the Group will not be able to collect all the amounts due according to the original terms of the receivable.
Significant financial difficulties of the debtor, probability that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganisation and default or delinquency in payments are considered as indicators that the trade receivable is impaired. The amount of the provision is the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate.
The carrying amount of the asset is reduced through the use of an allowance account, and the amount of the loss is recognised in profit or loss. When a trade is uncollectable, it is written off against the allowance account for trade receivables.
iii) Impairment of financial assets
The Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or a group of financial assets is deemed to be impaired if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that has occurred since the initial recognition of the asset (an incurred loss event) and that loss event has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or the Group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated. Evidence of impairment may include indications that the debtor or a group of debtors is experiencing significant financial difficulty, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, the probability that they will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation and observable data indicating that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows, such as changes in arrears or economic conditions that correlate with defaults.
iv) Derecognition of financial assets
A financial asset is derecognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire. When an existing financial assets is transferred, the transfer qualifies for derecognition if the Group transfers the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset or retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients in an arrangement.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
2.14.2 Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities in the scope of IAS 39 are classified as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, and financial liabilities at amortised cost as appropriate. The Group determines the classification of its financial liabilities at initial recognition.
v) Financial liabilities initial recognition and measurement
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Group's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, bank overdrafts and loans and borrowings.
vi) Subsequent measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification as described below:
Trade payables
Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Trade payables are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities.
Trade payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using effective interest method.
Borrowings
Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently carried at amortised cost while any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognised in the statement of profit or loss over the period of borrowings using the effective interest method.
Fees paid on establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw down occurs. To the extent that there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalised as a pre-payment for liquidity services and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.
vii) Derecognition of financial liabilities
A financial liability is derecognised when the associated obligation is discharged or cancelled or expired. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
2.14.3 Derivative financial instruments
The Group uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward exchange contracts, to hedge its foreign exchange risks as well as put options to hedge against its oil price risk. However, such contracts are not accounted for as designated hedges. Derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss and presented within operating profit.
Commodity contracts that were entered into and continue to be held for the purpose of the receipt or delivery of a non-financial item in accordance with the Group's expected purchase, sale or usage requirements fall within the exemption from IAS 32 and IAS 39, which is known as the 'normal purchase or sale exemption'. For these contracts and the host part of the contracts containing embedded derivatives, they are accounted for as executory contracts. The Group recognises such contracts in its statement of financial position only when one of the parties meets its obligation under the contract to deliver either cash or a non-financial asset. An analysis of fair values of financial instruments and further details as to how they are measured are provided in Note 4 financial risk management.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
2.14.4 Fair value of financial instruments
The Group measures all financial instruments at initial recognition at fair value and financial instruments carried at fair value through profit and loss such as derivatives at fair value at each reporting date. From time to time, the fair values of non-financial assets and liabilities are required to be determined, e.g., when the entity acquires a business, or where an entity measures the recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit ('CGU') at FVLCD.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Group uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs. From time to time external valuers are used to assess FVLCD of the Group's non-financial assets. Involvement of external valuers is decided upon by the valuation committee after discussion with and approval by the Group's Audit Committee. Selection criteria include market knowledge, reputation, independence and whether professional standards are maintained. Valuers are normally rotated every three years. The valuation committee decides, after discussions with the Group's external valuers, which valuation techniques and inputs to use for each case.
Changes in estimates and assumptions about these inputs could affect the reported fair value. The fair value of financial instruments that are traded in active markets at each reporting date is determined by reference to quoted market prices or dealer price quotations (bid price for long positions and ask price for short positions), without any deduction for transaction costs.
2.15 Share capital
Issued share capital has been translated at the exchange rate prevailing at the date of the transaction and is not retranslated subsequent to initial recognition.
2.16 Earnings and dividends per share
Basic EPS
Basic earnings per share is calculated on the Group's profit or loss after taxation attributable to the parent entity and on the basis of weighted average of issued and fully paid ordinary shares at the end of the year.
Diluted EPS
Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent (after adjusting for outstanding share options arising from the share based payment scheme) by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares into ordinary shares.
Dividends on ordinary shares are recognised as a liability in the period in which they are approved.
2.17 Post-employment benefits
Defined contribution scheme
The Group contributes to a defined contribution scheme for its employees in compliance with the provisions of the Pension Reform Act 2014. The scheme is fully funded and is managed by licensed Pension Fund Administrators. Membership of the scheme is automatic upon commencement of duties at the Group. The Group's contributions to the defined contribution scheme are charged to the profit and loss account in the year to which they relate.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
Employee benefits are all forms of consideration given by an entity in exchange for service rendered by employees or for the termination of employment. The Group operates a defined contribution plan and it is accounted for based on IAS 19 Employee benefits.
Defined contribution plans are post-employment benefit plans under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity (a fund) and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further contributions if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay all employee benefits relating to employee service in the current and prior periods. Under defined contribution plans the entity's legal or constructive obligation is limited to the amount that it agrees to contribute to the fund.
Thus, the amount of the post-employment benefits received by the employee is determined by the amount of contributions paid by an entity (and perhaps also the employee) to a post-employment benefit plan or to an insurance company, together with investment returns arising from the contributions. In consequence, actuarial risk (that benefits will be less than expected) and investment risk (that assets invested will be insufficient to meet expected benefits) fall, in substance, on the employee.
Defined benefit scheme
The Group operates a defined benefit gratuity plan, which requires contributions to be made to a separately administered fund. The Group also provides certain additional post-employment benefits to employees. These benefits are unfunded.
The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method.
Remeasurements, comprising actuarial gains and losses, are recognised immediately in the statement of financial position with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur.
Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of:
| ● | The date of the plan amendment or curtailment; and |
| ● | The date that the Group recognises related restructuring costs. |
Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit obligation.
The Group recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation under employee benefit expenses in general and administrative expenses.
| ● | Service costs comprises current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements. |
| ● | Net interest cost |
2.18 Provisions
Provisions are recognised when (i) the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; (ii) it is probable that an outflow of economic resources will be required to settle the obligation as a whole; and (iii) the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.
In measuring the provision:
· risks and uncertainties are taken into account;
· the provisions are discounted where the effects of the time value of money is considered to be material;
· when discounting is used, the increase of the provision over time is recognised as interest expense;
· future events such as changes in law and technology, are taken into account where there is subjective audit evidence that they will occur; and
· gains from expected disposal of assets are not taken into account, even if the expected disposal is closely linked to the event giving rise to the provision.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
Decommissioning
Liabilities for decommissioning costs are recognised as a result of the constructive obligation of past practice in the oil and gas industry, when it is probable that an outflow of economic resources will be required to settle the liability and a reliable estimate can be made. The estimated costs, based on current requirements, technology and price levels, prevailing at the reporting date, are computed based on the latest assumptions as to the scope and method of abandonment.
Provisions are measured at the present value of management's best estimates of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense. The corresponding amount is capitalised as part of the oil and gas properties and is amortised on a unit-of-production basis as part of the depreciation, depletion and amortisation charge. Any adjustment arising from the estimated cost of the restoration and abandonment cost is capitalised, while the charge arising from the accretion of the discount applied to the expected expenditure is treated as a component of finance charges.
If the change in estimate results in an increase in the decommissioning provision and, therefore, an addition to the carrying value of the asset, the Group considers whether this is an indication of impairment of the asset as a whole, and if so, tests for impairment in accordance with IAS 36. If, for mature fields, the revised oil and gas assets net of decommissioning provisions exceed the recoverable value, that portion of the increase is charged directly to expense.
2.19 Contingencies
A contingent asset or contingent liability is a possible asset or obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of uncertain future events. The assessment of the existence of the contingencies will involve management judgement regarding the outcome of future events.
2.20 Income taxation
i) Current income tax
The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.
The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the country where Group operates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.
Taxation on crude oil activities is provided in accordance with the Petroleum Profits Tax Act ('PPTA') CAP. P13 Vol. 13 LFN 2004 and on gas operations in accordance with the Companies Income Tax Act ('CITA') CAP. C21 Vol. 3 LFN 2004. Education tax is assessed at 2% of the assessable profits.
ii) Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated historical financial information and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit.
A deferred income tax charge is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.
iii) New Tax Regime
Effective 1 January 2013, the Company was granted the inter tax status incentive by the Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission for an initial three-year period and a further two-year period on approval. For the period the incentive applies, the Company is exempt from petroleum profits tax on crude oil profits (which would be otherwise taxed at 65.75%, to increase to 85% in 2017), corporate income tax on natural gas profits (currently taxed at 30%) and education tax of 2%. Newton Energy was also granted pioneer tax status on the same basis. The Company has completed its first three years of the pioneer tax period and is no longer exempted from paying petroleum profits tax on crude oil profits, corporate income tax on natural gas profits and education tax of 2%.
Tax incentives do not apply to Seplat East Onshore Limited (OML 53) and Seplat East Swamp Company Limited (OML 55), hence all taxes have been included in full for these entities in the financial statements.
2.21 Leases
The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date. The arrangement is assessed for whether fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets or the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the Group as lessee are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.
2.22 Share based payments
Employees (including senior executives) of the Group receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).
i) Equity-settled transactions
The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model.
That cost is recognised in employee benefits expense together with a corresponding increase in equity (other capital reserves), over the period in which the service and, where applicable, the performance conditions are fulfilled (the vesting period). The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Group's best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit in profit or loss for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period.
Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date and for fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Group's best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be non-vesting conditions. Non-vesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and/or service conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vested irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied. When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the grant date fair value of the unmodified award, provided the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense, measured as at the date of modification, is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss. The dilutive effect of outstanding awards is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
3. Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions
The preparation of the Group's consolidated historical financial information requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.
3.1 Judgements
In the process of applying the Group's accounting policies, management has made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the consolidated historical financial information:
i) OMLs 4, 38 and 41
OMLs 4, 38, 41 are grouped together as a cash generating unit for the purpose of impairment testing. These three OMLs are grouped together because they each cannot independently generate cash flows. They currently operate as a single block sharing resources for the purpose of generating cash flows. Crude oil and gas sold to third parties from these OMLs are invoiced together.
ii) Advances on investment
The Group considers that the advances on investment of ₦20 billion (US$65.7 million) in relation to the acquisition of additional assets is fully recoverable in accordance with the terms of the deposit.
iii) New tax regime
As at the end of the year, the Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission is yet to approve the tax incentives for the additional two years of the tax holidays for the Company. The financial statements have been prepared on the assumption that the tax incentives may not be renewed and hence this forms the basis of the Group's current and deferred taxation in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets have been recognised during the year. Deferred tax liabilities were not recognised in current and prior reporting periods as the Group was not liable to make future income taxes payment in respect of taxable temporary differences.
iv) Unrecognised deferred tax asset
Deferred income tax assets are recognised for tax losses carried forward to the extent that the realisation of the related tax benefit through future taxable profits is probable.
The Group did not recognise deferred income tax assets of ₦17 billion, 2016: ₦58 billion (US$55 million, 2016: US$192 million) in respect of temporary differences amounting to ₦29 billion, 2016: ₦89 billion (US$96 million, 2016: US$292 million) for its subsidiaries as management does not believe that future taxable profits would be available against which the deferred tax assets would be utilised. Out of this, deferred tax asset of ₦8.8 billion, 2016: ₦14 billion (US$29 million, 2016: US$47 million) relates tax losses of ₦14 billion, 2016: ₦21 billion (US$47million, 2016: US$71 million). There are no expiration dates for the tax losses.
v) Foreign currency transalation reserve
The Group has used the CBN rule to translate its Dollar currency to its Naira presentation currency. Management has determined that this rate is available for immediate delivery. If the rate used was 10% higher or lower, revenue in Naira would have increased/decreased by N 13.8 billion (2016: N 6.3 billion).
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
3.2 Estimates and assumptions
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are described below. The Group based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the consolidated financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Group. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
i) Other asset
Seplat has recorded its rights to receive the discharge sum of ₦89.9 billion, 2016: ₦100 billion (US$294 million, 2016: US$330 million) from the crude oil reserves of OML 55 as other asset. The fair value is determined using the income approach in line with IFRS 13 (Discounted cashflow). The fair value of the other asset is disclosed in Note 15.
ii) NPDC receivables
In 2016, an impairment assessment was carried out on NPDC receivables using the future estimated cash flow expected to be recoverable from NPDC over the next eighteen months. The estimated future cash payments and receipts recoverable over the expected life of the receivable was discounted using Seplat's average borrowing cost of 8%. The resulting adjustment was recognised under general and administrative expenses in the statement of comprehensive income.
As at December 2017, management's reassessment of these receivables showed that the full value is deemed to be fully recoverable. As a result, the previously recognised impairment loss was reversed. The total amount owed by NPDC as at 31 December 2017 is ₦34 billion, 2016: ₦72 billion (US$113 million, 2016: US$239 million).
iii) Contingent consideration
During the year the Group continued to recognise the contingent consideration of ₦5.6 billion (US$18.5 million) for OML 53 at the fair value of ₦4.2 billion, 2016: ₦3.6 billion (US$13.9 million, 2016: US$12 million). It is contingent on oil price rising above US$90 (N 27,522)/bbl over the next three years. See Note 4.2.1 for further details.
iv) Defined benefit plans (pension benefits)
The cost of the defined benefit retirement plan and the present value of the retirement obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and changes in inflation rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date. Th-e parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate, management considers market yield on federal government bond in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefit obligation and extrapolated as needed along the yield curve to correspond with the expected term of the defined benefit obligation. The rates of mortality assumed for employees are the rates published in 67/70 ultimate tables, published jointly by the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries in the UK.
v) Oil and gas reserves
Proved oil and gas reserves are used in the units of production calculation for depletion as well as the determination of the timing of well closure for estimating decommissioning liabilities and impairment analysis. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating oil and gas reserves. Assumptions that are valid at the time of estimation may change significantly when new information becomes available. Changes in the forecast prices of commodities, exchange rates, production costs or recovery rates may change the economic status of reserves and may ultimately result in the reserves being restated.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
vi) Share-based payment reserve
Estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions requires determination of the most appropriate valuation model, which depends on the terms and conditions of the grant. This estimate also requires determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share award or appreciation right, volatility and dividend yield and making assumptions about them. The Group measures the fair value of equity-settled transactions with employees at the grant date. The assumptions and models used for estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions are disclosed in Note 21b.
The Group makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. Such estimates and assumptions are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
vii) Provision for decommissioning obligations
Provisions for environmental clean-up and remediation costs associated with the Group's drilling operations are based on current constructions, technology, price levels and expected plans for remediation. Actual costs and cash outflows can differ from estimates because of changes in public expectations, prices, discovery and analysis of site conditions and changes in clean-up technology.
During the year, the Group undertook a detailed review of the assumptions used in calculating the provision for decommissioning liabilities and has revised its estimates at the end of the reporting period. This resulted in a change in inflation rate, risk-free discount rate and reserves estimates which increased the oil and gas properties and provision for decommissioning liabilities. See Note 26 for further details.
viii) Property, plant and equipment
The Group assesses its property, plant and equipment, including exploration and evaluation assets, for possible impairment if there are events or changes in circumstances that indicate that carrying values of the assets may not be recoverable, or at least at every reporting date.
If there are low oil prices or natural gas prices during an extended period the Group may need to recognise significant impairment charges. The assessment for impairment entails comparing the carrying value of the cash-generating unit with its recoverable amount, that is, value in use. Value in use is usually determined on the basis of discounted estimated future net cash flows. Determination as to whether and how much an asset is impaired involves management estimates on highly uncertain matters such as future commodity prices, the effects of inflation on operating expenses, discount rates, production profiles and the outlook for regional market supply-and-demand conditions for crude oil and natural gas.
During the year, the Group carried out an impairment assessment on OML 4, 38 and 48, OML 56 and OML 53. The Group used the value in use in determining the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit. In determining the value, the Group used a recent forward curve for five years, reverting to the Group's long-term price assumption for impairment testing which is US$45 (N 13,725) in 2018, US$50 (N 15,250) in 2019 and US$55 (N 16,775) from 2020 point forward. The Group used a post-tax discount rate of 10% based on the Group weighted average cost of capital. The impairment test did not result in an impairment charge for both 2017 and 2016 reporting periods.
In 2016 however, the impairment assessment was as a result of the force majeure on OML 4, 38 and 48. The Group calculated the value in use of the assets using a recent forward curve for five years, reverting to the Group's long-term price assumption for impairment testing which is US$55 (N 16,775) in 2017, US$60 (N 18,300) in 2018 and US$70 (N 21,350) per barrel from 2019 point forward. The Group used a post-tax discount rate of 10% based on the Group weighted average cost of capital. . The assessment did not result in an impairment charge.
Management has considered whether a reasonable possible change in one of the main assumptions will cause an impairment and believes otherwise. See Note 14 for further details.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
ix) Useful life of other property, plant and equipment
The Group recognises depreciation on other property, plant and equipment on a straight line basis in order to write-off the cost of the asset over its expected useful life. The economic life of an asset is determined based on existing wear and tear, economic and technical ageing, legal and other limits on the use of the asset, and obsolescence. If some of these factors were to deteriorate materially, impairing the ability of the asset to generate future cash flow, the Group may accelerate depreciation charges to reflect the remaining useful life of the asset or record an impairment loss.
x) Contingencies
By their nature, contingencies will only be resolved when one or more uncertain future events occur or fail to occur. The assessment of the existence, and potential quantum, of contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgement and the use of estimates regarding the outcome of future events. See Note 33 for further details.
xi) Income taxes
The Group is subject to income taxes by the Nigerian tax authority, which does not require significant judgement in terms of provision for income taxes, but a certain level of judgement is required for recognition of deferred tax assets. Management is required to assess the ability of the Group to generate future taxable economic earnings that will be used to recover all deferred tax assets. Assumptions about the generation of future taxable profits depend on management's estimates of future cash flows. The estimates are based on the future cash flow from operations taking into consideration the oil and gas prices, volumes produced, operational and capital expenditure. See Note 11 for further details.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
4. Financial risk management
4.1 Financial risk factors
The Group's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks such as market risk (including foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Group's risk management programme focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the Group's financial performance.
Risk management is carried out by the treasury department under policies approved by the Board of Directors. The Board provides written principles for overall risk management, as well as written policies covering specific areas, such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and investment of excess liquidity.
| Risk | Exposure arising from | Measurement | Management |
| Market risk - foreign exchange | Future commercial transactions Recognised financial assets and liabilities not denominated in US dollars. |
Cash flow forecasting Sensitivity analysis |
Match and settle foreign denominated cash inflows with foreign denominated cash outflows. |
| Market risk - interest rate | Long term borrowings at variable rate | Sensitivity analysis | Review refinancing opportunities |
| Market risk - commodity prices | Future sales transactions | Sensitivity analysis | Oil price hedges |
| Credit risk | Cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and derivative financial instruments. | Aging analysis Credit ratings |
Diversification of bank deposits. |
| Liquidity risk | Borrowings and other liabilities | Rolling cash flow forecasts | Availability of committed credit lines and borrowing facilities |
4.1.1 Market Risk
Market risk is the risk of loss that may arise from changes in market factors such as commodity prices, interest rates and foreign exchange rates.
i) Commodity price risk
The Group is exposed to the risk of fluctuations on crude oil prices. The Group economically hedges against this risk and sells the oil that it produces to Shell Trading and Mercuria at market prices calculated in accordance with the terms of the Off-take Agreement.
The following table summarises the impact on the Group's profit/ (loss) before tax of a 10 % change in crude oil prices, with all other variables held constant:
| Increase/decrease in Commodity Price | Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on (loss)/profit before tax 2016 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 ₦ million |
| +10% | 10,037 | - | 4,537 | - |
| -10% | (10,037) | - | (4,537) | - |
| Increase/decrease in Commodity Price | Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on (loss)/profit before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
| +10% | 32,821 | - | 14,876 | - |
| -10% | (32,821) | - | (14,876) | - |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
The following table summarises the impact on the Group's profit/(loss) before tax of a 10% change in gas prices, with all other variables held constant:
| Increase/decrease in Commodity Price | Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on (loss)/profit before tax 2016 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 ₦ million |
| +10% | 3,791 | - | 3,217 | - |
| -10% | (3,791) | - | (3,217) | - |
| Increase/decrease in Commodity Price | Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on (loss)/profit before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
| +10% | 12,397 | - | 10,546 | - |
| -10% | (12,397) | - | (10,546) | - |
ii) Cash flow and fair value interest rate risk
The Group's exposure to interest rate risk relates primarily to long-term borrowings. Borrowings issued at variable rates expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk which is partially offset by cash and fixed deposit held at variable rates. At the end of the reporting date, the Group had no borrowings at fixed rates. The Group's borrowings are denominated in US dollars and the Nigerian Naira.
The Group is exposed to cash flow interest rate risk on short-term deposits to the extent that the significant reductions in market interest rates would result in a decrease in the interest earned by the Group.
The following table demonstrates the sensitivity of the Group's profit/(loss) before tax to changes in LIBOR rate, with all other variables held constant.
| Increase/decrease in interest rate | Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on (loss)/profit before tax 2016 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 ₦ million |
|
| +1% | (1,743) | - | (2,025) | - | |
| -1% | 1,743 | - | 2,025 | - |
| Increase/decrease in interest rate | Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on (loss)/profit before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
|
| +1% | (5,701) | - | (6,641) | - | |
| -1% | 5,701 | - | 6,641 | - |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
iii) Foreign exchange risk
The Group has transactional currency exposures that arise from sales or purchases in currencies other than the respective functional currency. The Group is exposed to exchange rate risk to the extent that balances and transactions are denominated in a currency other than the US dollar.
The Group holds the majority of its cash and cash equivalents in US dollar. However, the Group does maintain deposits in Naira in order to fund ongoing general and administrative activities and other expenditure incurred in this currency. Other monetary assets and liabilities which give rise to foreign exchange risk include trade and other receivables and trade and other payables.
The following table demonstrates the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in the foreign exchange rate, with all other variables held constant, of the Group's profit/(loss) before tax due to changes in the carrying value of monetary assets and liabilities at the reporting date:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Financial assets | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 27,370 | 9,972 | 89,504 | 32,695 |
| Trade and other receivables | 22,699 | 20,604 | 74,229 | 67,555 |
| 50,069 | 30,576 | 163,733 | 100,250 | |
| Financial liabilities | ||||
| Trade and other payables | (25,425) | (2,869) | (83,144) | (9,406) |
| Net exposure to foreign exchange risk | 24,644 | 27,707 | 80,589 | 90,844 |
Sensitivity to foreign exchange risk is based on the Group's net exposure to foreign exchange risk due to Naira denominated balances. If the Naira strengthen or weakens by the following thresholds, the impact is as shown in the table below:
| Increase/decrease in foreign exchange risk | Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on (loss)/profit before tax 2016 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 ₦ million |
| +5% | (1,174) | - | (1,319) | - |
| -5% | 1,297 | - | 1,458 | - |
| Increase/decrease in foreign exchange risk | Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on (loss)/profit before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
| +5% | (3,838) | - | (4,326) | - |
| -5% | 4,242 | - | 4,781 | - |
4.1.2 Credit risk
Credit risk refers to the risk of a counterparty defaulting on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Group. Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, favourable derivative financial instruments, deposits with banks and financial institutions as well as credit exposures to customers and Joint venture partners, i.e. NPDC receivables and NGC receivables.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
i) Risk management
The Group is exposed to credit risk from its sale of crude oil to Shell Western Supply and Trading Limited and Mecuria. The Group's trade with Shell Western Supply and Trading Limited is as specified within the terms of the crude off-take agreement and runs for five years until 31 December 2017 with a 30 day payment term. The off-take agreement with Mercuria also runs for five years until 31 July 2020 with a 30 day payment term.
In addition, the Group is exposed to credit risk in relation to its sale of gas to Nigerian Gas Company (NGC) Limited, a subsidiary of NNPC, its sole gas customer during the year.
The Group monitors receivable balances on an ongoing basis and there has been no significant history of impairment losses except for the NPDC receivables which are now deemed to be fully recoverable during the reporting period.
The credit risk on cash is limited because the majority of deposits are with banks that have an acceptable credit rating assigned by an international credit agency. The Group's maximum exposure to credit risk due to default of the counterparty is equal to the carrying value of its financial assets.
The accounts receivable balance includes the following related party receivables:
| Percentage of total receivables | |||
| 2017 | 2016 | ||
| Cardinal Drilling Services Limited | Receivables relate to deposits that are expected to be utilised or refunded | 2% | 2% |
The maximum exposure to credit risk as at the reporting date is:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Trade and other receivables (Gross) | 91,613 | 119,431 | 299,584 | 391,579 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 133,699 | 48,684 | 437,212 | 159,621 |
| Gross amount | 225,312 | 168,115 | 736,796 | 551,200 |
| Impairment of NPDC receivables | - | (3,129) | - | (10,260) |
| Net amount | 225,312 | 164,986 | 736,796 | 540,940 |
Trade and other payables (excludes non financial liabilities such as provisions, accruals, taxes, pension and other non contractual payables), trade and other receivables (excluding prepayments) and cash and cash equivalents are financial instruments whose carrying amounts as the financial statements approximate their fair values.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
| 31 Dec 2017 | Trade receivables |
NPDC/ NAPIMS receivables |
Other receivables |
Cash & bank balances | Total |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | |
| Neither past due nor impaired | 9,468 | - | 8 | 133,699 | 143,175 |
| Past due but not impaired | 23,768 | 38,276 | 20,093 | - | 82,137 |
| Gross amount | 33,236 | 38,276 | 20,101 | 133,699 | 225,312 |
| Impairment loss | - | - | - | - | - |
| Net amount | 33,236 | 38,276 | 20,101 | 133,699 | 225,312 |
| 31 Dec 2016 | |||||
| Neither past due nor impaired | 334 | - | 1,579 | 48,684 | 50,597 |
| Past due but not impaired | 22,061 | 2,512 | 20,040 | - | 44,613 |
| Impaired | - | 72,905 | - | - | 72,905 |
| Gross amount | 22,395 | 75,417 | 21,619 | 48,684 | 168,115 |
| Impairment loss | - | (3,129) | - | - | (3,129) |
| Net amount | 22,395 | 72,288 | 21,619 | 48,684 | 164,986 |
| 31 Dec 2017 | Trade receivables |
NPDC/ NAPIMS receivables |
Other receivables |
Cash & bank balances | Total |
| US$'000 | US$'000 | US$'000 | US$'000 | US$'000 | |
| Neither past due nor impaired | 30,960 | - | 25 | 437,212 | 468,197 |
| Past due but not impaired | 77,725 | 125,169 | 65,705 | - | 268,599 |
| Gross amount | 108,685 | 125,169 | 65,730 | 437,212 | 736,796 |
| Impairment loss | - | - | - | - | - |
| Net amount | 108,685 | 125,169 | 65,730 | 437,212 | 736,796 |
| 31 Dec 2016 | |||||
| Neither past due nor impaired | 1,096 | - | 5,180 | 159,621 | 165,897 |
| Past due but not impaired | 72,331 | 8,233 | 65,705 | - | 146,269 |
| Impaired | - | 239,034 | - | - | 239,034 |
| Gross amount | 73,427 | 247,267 | 70,885 | 159,621 | 551,200 |
| Impairment loss | - | (10,260) | - | - | (10,260) |
| Net amount | 73,427 | 237,007 | 70,885 | 159,621 | 540,940 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
ii) Credit quality of financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired
The credit quality of financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired can be assessed by reference to external credit ratings (if available) or to historical information about counterparty default rates.
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| Counterparties with external credit rating (Fitch's) | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$'000 | US$'000 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | ||||
| Non rated | 62,937 | 26,434 | 205,811 | 86,669 |
| B - | 24,978 | 587 | 81,681 | 1,924 |
| B | 16,589 | 7,786 | 54,247 | 25,527 |
| B + | 4,308 | 2,863 | 14,090 | 9,388 |
| A + | 24,331 | 11,014 | 79,564 | 36,113 |
| A A- | 556 | - | 1,819 | - |
| 133,699 | 48,684 | 437,212 | 159,621 |
| The Group | ||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| Counterparties without external credit rating | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$'000 | US$'000 |
| Trade and other receivables * | ||||
| Group 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Group 2 | 9,476 | 1,914 | 30,985 | 6,276 |
| Group 3 | - | - | - | - |
| 9,476 | 1,914 | 30,985 | 6,276 |
* Includes trade receivables, intercompany receivables, NPDC receivables and other receivables.
Group 1 - new customers (less than 1 year)
Group 2 - existing customers (more than 1 year) with some defaults in the past. All defaults are recoverable.
Group 3 - Government entities
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
iii) Ageing analysis for financial assets that are past due but not impaired
The ageing analysis of the trade receivables and amounts due from NPDC/NAPIMS is as follows:
| Total | Past due but not impaired | |||||
| <30 days | 30-60 days | 60-90 days | 90-120 days | >120 days | ||
| ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | |
| Trade receivables | ||||||
| 31 December 2017 | 23,768 | 5,489 | 3,328 | 5,168 | 6,103 | 3,680 |
| 31 December 2016 | 22,061 | 13,925 | - | 1,513 | - | 6,623 |
| NPDC/NAPIMS receivables | ||||||
| 31 December 2017 | 38,276 | 1,307 | 11,369 | - | - | 25,600 |
| 31 December 2016 | 2,510 | - | 179 | 1,075 | 183 | 1,073 |
| Total | Past due but not impaired | |||||
| <30 days | 30-60 days | 60-90 days | 90-120 days | >120 days | ||
| US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Trade receivables | ||||||
| 31 December 2017 | 77,725 | 17,951 | 10,884 | 16,899 | 19,957 | 12,034 |
| 31 December 2016 | 72,331 | 45,656 | - | 4,961 | - | 21,714 |
| NPDC/NAPIMS receivables | ||||||
| 31 December 2017 | 125,169 | 4,273 | 37,179 | - | - | 83,717 |
| 31 December 2016 | 8,233 | - | 588 | 3,526 | 600 | 3,519 |
iv) Impaired receivables
Individual receivables which are known to be uncollectible are written off by reducing the carrying amount directly. The other receivables are assessed collectively to determine whether there is objective evidence that an impairment has been incurred but not yet identified. For these receivables the estimated impairment losses are recognised in a separate allowance for impairment. The Group considers that there is evidence of impairment if any of the following indicators are present:
- significant financial difficulties of the debtor
- probability that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganisation, and
- default or delinquency in payments (more than 30 days overdue)
Receivables for which an impairment allowance was recognised are written off against the allowance when there is no expectation of recovering additional cash.
Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss within general and administrative expenses. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited against general and administrative expenses. See Note 2.14.1(iii) for information about how impairment losses are calculated.
Individually impaired trade receivables relate to NPDC receivables that were outstanding in 2016 (₦2.27 billion, US$10.26 million) which are now deemed to be fully recoverable. The Group expects to recover the receivables, however due to the timing of the receipts the future cash flows have been discounted to reflect the time value of money.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
Movements in the provision for impairment of trade receivables that are assessed for impairment are as follows:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| At 1 January | 3,129 | - | 10,260 | - |
| Allowance for impairment recognised during the year | - | 2,273 | - | 10,260 |
| Reversal of previously recognised impairment losses | (3,138) | - | (10,260) | - |
| Exchange rate differences | 9 | 856 | - | - |
| At 31 December | - | 3,129 | - | 10,260 |
4.1.3 Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due.
The Group manages liquidity risk by ensuring that sufficient funds are available to meet its commitments as they fall due.
The Group uses both long-term and short-term cash flow projections to monitor funding requirements for activities and to ensure there are sufficient cash resources to meet operational needs. Cash flow projections take into consideration the Group's debt financing plans and covenant compliance. Surplus cash held is transferred to the treasury department which invests in deposit bearing current accounts, time deposits and money market deposits.
The following table details the Group's remaining contractual maturity for its non-derivative financial liabilities with agreed maturity periods. The table has been drawn based on the undiscounted cash flows of the financial liabilities based on the earliest date on which the Group can be required to pay.
| Effective interest rate | Less than 1 year |
1 - 2 year |
2 - 3 years |
3 - 5 years |
After 5 years |
Total | |
| % | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | |
| 31 December 2017 | |||||||
| Non - derivatives | |||||||
| Variable interest rate borrowings (bank loans): | |||||||
| Allan Gray | 8.5% + LIBOR | 1,696 | 1,564 | 1,124 | 538 | - | 4,922 |
| Zenith Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 23,243 | 21,439 | 15,404 | 7,371 | - | 67,457 |
| First Bank of Nigeria Limited | 8.5% + LIBOR | 12,830 | 11,835 | 8,503 | 4,069 | - | 37,237 |
| United Bank for Africa Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 14,527 | 13,400 | 9,628 | 4,607 | - | 42,162 |
| Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 2,177 | 2,008 | 1,443 | 690 | - | 6,318 |
| The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited | 8.5% + LIBOR | 2,177 | 2,008 | 1,443 | 690 | - | 6,318 |
| Standard Chartered Bank | 6.0% + LIBOR | 5,747 | - | - | - | - | 5,747 |
| Natixis | 6.0% + LIBOR | 5,747 | - | - | - | - | 5,747 |
| Citibank Nigeria Ltd and Citibank NA | 6.0% + LIBOR | 4,470 | - | - | - | - | 4,470 |
| The Mauritius Commercial Bank Plc* | 6.0% + LIBOR | 3,831 | - | - | - | - | 3,831 |
| FirstRand Bank Ltd (Rand Merchant Bank Division) | 6.0% + LIBOR | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Nomura Bank Plc* | 6.0% + LIBOR | 3,831 | - | - | - | - | 3,831 |
| NedBank Ltd, London Branch | 6.0% + LIBOR | 3,831 | - | - | - | - | 3,831 |
| Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | 6.0% + LIBOR | 2,874 | - | - | - | - | 2,874 |
| The Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd | 6.0% + LIBOR | 4,152 | - | - | - | - | 4,152 |
| Other non - derivatives | |||||||
| Trade and other payables** | - | 38,876 | - | - | - | - | 38,876 |
| Contingent consideration | - | - | - | 5,657 | - | - | 5,657 |
| 130,009 | 52,254 | 43,202 | 17,965 | - | 243,430 |
*Nomura and The Mauritius Commercial Bank replace JP Morgan and Bank of America
** Trade and other payables (excludes non-financial liabilities such as provisions, accruals, taxes, pension and other non-contractual payables).
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
| Effective interest rate | Less than 1 year |
1 - 2 year |
2 - 3 years |
3 - 5 years |
After 5 years |
Total | |
| % | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| 31 December 2017 | |||||||
| Non - derivatives | |||||||
| Variable interest rate borrowings (bank loans): | |||||||
| Allan Gray | 8.5% + LIBOR | 5,546 | 5,116 | 3,676 | 1,759 | - | 16,097 |
| Zenith Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 76,006 | 70,109 | 50,373 | 24,104 | - | 220,592 |
| First Bank of Nigeria Limited | 8.5% + LIBOR | 41,957 | 38,702 | 27,807 | 13,306 | - | 121,772 |
| United Bank for Africa Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 47,504 | 43,818 | 31,483 | 15,065 | - | 137,870 |
| Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 7,119 | 6,567 | 4,718 | 2,258 | - | 20,662 |
| The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited | 8.5% + LIBOR | 7,119 | 6,567 | 4,718 | 2,258 | - | 20,662 |
| Standard Chartered Bank | 6.0% + LIBOR | 18,794 | - | - | - | - | 18,794 |
| Natixis | 6.0% + LIBOR | 18,794 | - | - | - | - | 18,794 |
| Citibank Nigeria Ltd and Citibank NA | 6.0% + LIBOR | 14,617 | - | - | - | - | 14,617 |
| The Mauritius Commercial Bank Plc* | 6.0% + LIBOR | 12,529 | - | - | - | - | 12,529 |
| FirstRand Bank Ltd (Rand Merchant Bank Division) | 6.0% + LIBOR | 12,529 | - | - | - | - | 12,529 |
| Nomura Bank Plc* | 6.0% + LIBOR | 12,529 | - | - | - | - | 12,529 |
| NedBank Ltd, London Branch | 6.0% + LIBOR | 12,529 | - | - | - | - | 12,529 |
| Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | 6.0% + LIBOR | 9,399 | - | - | - | - | 9,399 |
| The Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd | 6.0% + LIBOR | 13,576 | - | - | - | - | 13,576 |
| Other non - derivatives | |||||||
| Trade and other payables** | - | 127,128 | - | - | - | - | 127,128 |
| Contingent consideration | - | - | - | 18,500 | - | - | 18,500 |
| 437,675 | 170,879 | 141,275 | 58,750 | - | 808,579 |
*Nomura and The Mauritius Commercial Bank replace JP Morgan and Bank of America
**Trade and other payables (excludes non-financial liabilities such as provisions, accruals, taxes, pension and other non-contractual payables).
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
| Effective interest rate | Less than 1 year |
1 - 2 year |
2 - 3 years |
3 - 5 years |
After 5 years |
Total | |
| % | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | |
| 31 December 2016 | |||||||
| Non - derivatives | |||||||
| Variable interest rate borrowings (bank loans): | |||||||
| Zenith Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 11,409 | 23,182 | 21,383 | 22,715 | - | 78,689 |
| First Bank of Nigeria Limited | 8.5% + LIBOR | 7,131 | 14,489 | 13,364 | 14,197 | - | 49,181 |
| United Bank for Africa Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 7,131 | 14,489 | 13,364 | 14,197 | - | 49,181 |
| Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 1,069 | 2,171 | 2,003 | 2,128 | - | 7,371 |
| The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited | 8.5% + LIBOR | 1,069 | 2,171 | 2,003 | 2,128 | - | 7,371 |
| Standard Chartered Bank | 6.0% + LIBOR | 8,452 | - | - | - | - | 8,452 |
| Natixis | 6.0% + LIBOR | 8,452 | - | - | - | - | 8,452 |
| Citibank Nigeria Ltd and Citibank NA | 6.0% + LIBOR | 8,452 | - | - | - | - | 8,452 |
| Bank of America Merrill Lynch Int'l Ltd | 6.0% + LIBOR | 5,635 | - | - | - | - | 5,635 |
| FirstRand Bank Ltd (Rand Merchant Bank Division) | 6.0% + LIBOR | 5,635 | - | - | - | - | 5,635 |
| JP Morgan Chase Bank NA, London Branch | 6.0% + LIBOR | 5,635 | - | - | - | - | 5,635 |
| NedBank Ltd, London Branch | 6.0% + LIBOR | 5,635 | - | - | - | - | 5,635 |
| Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | 6.0% + LIBOR | 4,225 | - | - | - | - | 4,225 |
| The Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd | 6.0% + LIBOR | 4,225 | - | - | - | - | 4,225 |
| Other non-derivatives | |||||||
| Trade and other payables** | - | 49,341 | - | - | - | - | 49,341 |
| Contingent consideration | - | - | - | - | 5,643 | - | 5,643 |
| 133,496 | 56,502 | 52,117 | 61,008 | - | 303,123 |
** Trade and other payables (excludes non-financial liabilities such as provisions, accruals, taxes, pension and other non-contractual payables).
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
| Effective interest rate | Less than 1 year |
1 - 2 year |
2 - 3 years |
3 - 5 years |
After 5 years |
Total | |
| % | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| 31 December 2016 | |||||||
| Non - derivatives | |||||||
| Variable interest rate borrowings (bank loans): | |||||||
| Zenith Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 37,406 | 76,006 | 70,109 | 74,477 | - | 257,998 |
| First Bank of Nigeria Limited | 8.5% + LIBOR | 23,379 | 47,504 | 43,818 | 46,548 | - | 161,249 |
| United Bank for Africa Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 23,379 | 47,504 | 43,818 | 46,548 | - | 161,249 |
| Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 3,504 | 7,119 | 6,567 | 6,976 | - | 24,166 |
| The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited | 8.5% + LIBOR | 3,504 | 7,119 | 6,567 | 6,976 | - | 24,166 |
| Standard Chartered Bank | 6.0% + LIBOR | 27,711 | - | - | - | - | 27,711 |
| Natixis | 6.0% + LIBOR | 27,711 | - | - | - | - | 27,711 |
| Citibank Nigeria Ltd and Citibank NA | 6.0% + LIBOR | 27,711 | - | - | - | - | 27,711 |
| Bank of America Merrill Lynch Int'l Ltd | 6.0% + LIBOR | 18,474 | - | - | - | - | 18,474 |
| FirstRand Bank Ltd (Rand Merchant Bank Division) | 6.0% + LIBOR | 18,474 | - | - | - | - | 18,474 |
| JP Morgan Chase Bank NA, London Branch | 6.0% + LIBOR | 18,474 | - | - | - | - | 18,474 |
| NedBank Ltd, London Branch | 6.0% + LIBOR | 18,474 | - | - | - | - | 18,474 |
| Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | 6.0% + LIBOR | 13,856 | - | - | - | - | 13,856 |
| The Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd | 6.0% + LIBOR | 13,856 | - | - | - | - | 13,856 |
| Other non-derivatives | |||||||
| Trade and other payables** | - | 161,773 | - | - | - | - | 161,773 |
| Contingent consideration | - | - | - | - | 18,500 | - | 18,500 |
| 437,686 | 185,252 | 170,879 | 200,025 | - | 993,842 |
**Trade and other payables (excludes non-financial liabilities such as provisions, accruals, taxes, pension and other non-contractual payables).
4.2 Fair value
Set out below is a comparison by category of carrying amounts and fair value of all financial instruments:
| Carrying amount | Fair value | |||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | |
| Financial assets | ||||
| Trade and other receivables | 91,613 | 116,302 | 91,613 | 116,302 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 133,699 | 48,684 | 133,699 | 48,684 |
| 225,312 | 164,986 | 225,312 | 164,986 | |
| Financial liabilities | ||||
| Borrowings - Bank loans | 174,329 | 202,549 | 174,329 | 202,549 |
| Contingent consideration | 4,251 | 3,672 | 4,251 | 3,672 |
| Trade and other payables | 38,876 | 49,341 | 38,876 | 49,341 |
| 217,456 | 255,562 | 217,456 | 255,562 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
| Carrying amount | Fair value | |||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Financial assets | ||||
| Trade and other receivables | 299,584 | 381,319 | 299,584 | 381,319 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 437,212 | 159,621 | 437,212 | 159,621 |
| 736,796 | 540,940 | 736,796 | 540,940 | |
| Financial liabilities | ||||
| Borrowings - Bank loans | 570,077 | 664,096 | 570,077 | 664,096 |
| Contingent consideration | 13,900 | 12,040 | 13,900 | 12,040 |
| Trade and other payables | 127,128 | 161,773 | 127,128 | 161,773 |
| 711,105 | 837,909 | 711,105 | 837,909 |
In determining the fair value of the borrowings, non-performance risks of the Group as at year-end were assessed to be insignificant.
Trade and other payables (excludes non-financial liabilities such as provisions, accruals, taxes, pension and other non-contractual payables), trade and other receivables (excluding prepayments) and cash and cash equivalents are financial instruments whose carrying amounts as per the financial statements approximate their fair values. This is mainly due to their short term nature. Contingent consideration are being measured and recognised at fair value.
4.2.1 Fair Value Hierarchy
The Group has classified its financial instruments into the three levels prescribed under the accounting standards. An explanation of each level follows underneath the table. These are all recurring fair value measurements.
| 31 Dec 2017 | Level 1 ₦ million |
Level 2 ₦ million |
Level 3 ₦ million |
Level 1 US$ '000 |
Level 2 US$ '000 |
Level 3 US$ '000 |
| Financial liabilities: | ||||||
| Borrowings - Bank loans | - | 174,329 | - | - | 570,077 | - |
| Contingent consideration | - | - | 4,251 | - | - | 13,900 |
| - | 174,329 | 4,251 | - | 570,077 | 13,900 | |
| 31 Dec 2016 | ||||||
| Financial liabilities: | ||||||
| Borrowings - Bank loans | - | 202,549 | - | - | 664,096 | - |
| Contingent consideration | - | - | 3,672 | - | - | 12,040 |
| - | 202,549 | 3,672 | - | 664,096 | 12,040 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
| ● | Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
| ● | Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable. |
| ● | Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable. There were no transfers between fair value levels during the year. The fair value of the financial instruments is included at the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. |
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values:
| ● | Fair values of the Group's interest-bearing loans and borrowings are determined by using discounted cash flow models that use effective interest rates that reflect the borrowing rate as at the end of the year |
| ● | The fair value of the Group's contingent consideration is determined using the discounted cash flow model. The cash flow were determined based on probable future oil prices. The estimated future cash flow was discounted to present value using a discount rate of 15.45% which are based on the applicable FGN Bond rates. |
The Valuation process
The finance & planning team of the Group performs the valuations of financial and non financial assets required for financial reporting purposes, including level 3 fair values. This team reports directly to the Finance Manager (FM) who reports to the Chief Financial Officer (CFO) and the Audit Committee (AC). Discussions of valuation processes and results are held between the FM and the valuation team at least once every quarter, in line with the Group's quarterly reporting periods.
The main level 3 inputs used by the Group are derived and evaluated as follows:
| ● | Discount rates for financial assets and financial liabilities are determined using a government risk free rate to calculate a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risk specific to the asset. |
| ● | Contingent consideration - expected cash inflows are determined based on the terms of the contract (see Note 25) and the entity's knowledge of the business and how the current economic environment is likely to impact it. |
| ● | Changes in level 3 fair values are analysed and the reason for the change explained at the end of each reporting period during the quarterly discussion between the FM and the valuation team and eventually the CFO and Audit Committee. |
4.2.2 Reconciliation of fair value measurements of Level 3 financial instruments
| Contingent consideration | ₦ million | US$ '000 |
| At 1 January 2016 | 4,355 | 21,900 |
| Fair value movement | 596 | 2,614 |
| Deconsolidation of subsidiary | (3,805) | (12,474) |
| Exchange differences | 2,526 | - |
| At 31 December 2016 | 3,672 | 12,040 |
| At 1 January 2017 | 3,672 | 12,040 |
| Fair value movement | 568 | 1,860 |
| Exchange difference | 11 | - |
| At 31 December 2017 | 4,251 | 13,900 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
4.2.3 Contingent consideration sensitivity
The following table demonstrates the sensitivity to changes in the discount rate of the contingent consideration, with all other variables held constant, of the Group's profit/(loss) before tax.
| Increase/decrease in discount rate - The Group |
Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on (loss)/profit before tax 2016 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 ₦ million |
| +10% | 676 | - | 1,338 | - |
| -10% | (883) | - | (2,602) | - |
| Increase/decrease in discount rate - The Group |
Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on (loss)/profit before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
| +10% | 2,209 | - | 5,868 | - |
| -10% | (2,888) | - | (8,535) | - |
There were no quantitative unobservable inputs used in determining the fair value of the contingent consideration.
4.3 Capital management
4.3.1 Risk management
The Group's objective when managing capital is to safeguard the Group's ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, to maintain optimal capital structure and reduce cost of capital. Consistent with others in the industry, the Group monitors capital on the basis of the following gearing ratio, net debt divided by total capital. Net debt is calculated as total borrowings less cash and cash equivalents.
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Borrowings: | 174,329 | 202,549 | 570,077 | 664,096 |
| Less: cash and cash equivalents | (133,699) | (48,684) | (437,212) | (159,621) |
| Net debt | 40,630 | 153,865 | 132,865 | 504,475 |
| Total equity | 459,646 | 376,373 | 1,503,097 | 1,234,015 |
| Total capital | 500,276 | 530,238 | 1,635,962 | 1,738,490 |
| Net debt (net debt/total capital) ratio | 8% | 29% | 8% | 29% |
During 2017, the Group's strategy which was unchanged from 2016, was to maintain a gearing ratio of 20% to 40%. Capital includes share capital, share premium, capital contribution and all other equity reserves attributable to the equity holders of the parent.
4.3.2 Loan covenant
Under the terms of the major borrowing facilities, the Group is required to comply with the following financial covenants every 6 months:
· Total net financial indebtedness to annualised EBITDA is not to be greater than 3:1;
· 6-month Debt Service Reserve Account (DSCRa) not to be lower than 1.25x on a forward looking basis,
· Satisfactory 12-months Group liquidity test.
The Group has complied with these covenants throughout the reporting period (2016: The Group complied with the applicable covenants) with the exception of the financial indebtedness/EBITDA covenant which was waived by a majority lender consent.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
5. Revenue
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Crude oil sale | 112,045 | 34,575 | 366,386 | 132,975 |
| (Overlift)/ Underlift | (11,676) | 1,346 | (38,180) | 15,782 |
| 100,369 | 35,921 | 328,206 | 148,757 | |
| Gas sales | 37,912 | 27,463 | 123,973 | 105,460 |
| 138,281 | 63,384 | 452,179 | 254,217 |
The major off-takers for crude oil is Mercuria (₦96 billion, 2016: ₦26.1 billion) (US$316 million, 2016: US$104 million). The major off-taker of gas is the Nigerian Gas Company (₦22 billion, 2016: ₦27 billion), (2017: US$72 million, 2016: US$105 million).
6. Cost of Sales
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Royalties | 22,413 | 12,308 | 73,289 | 44,796 |
| Depletion, depreciation and amortisation (Note 14a) | 25,102 | 13,683 | 82,082 | 54,326 |
| Crude handling fees | 9,831 | 1,202 | 32,148 | 7,804 |
| Nigeria Export Supervision Scheme (NESS) fee | 124 | 35 | 404 | 142 |
| Barging costs | 2,787 | 5,484 | 9,113 | 17,885 |
| Niger Delta Development Commission Levy | 1,200 | - | 3,924 | - |
| Rig related costs | 985 | 2,584 | 3,220 | 9,067 |
| Operational & maintenance expenses | 10,972 | 11,780 | 35,879 | 48,404 |
| 73,414 | 47,076 | 240,059 | 182,424 |
7. General and administrative expenses
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Depreciation (Note 14b) | 1,283 | 1,418 | 4,195 | 5,544 |
| Auditor's remuneration` | 229 | 150 | 746 | 505 |
| Professional and consulting fees | 6,451 | 7,559 | 21,094 | 28,424 |
| Directors' emoluments (executive) | 1,073 | 680 | 3,509 | 2,758 |
| Directors' emoluments (non-executive) | 976 | 1,075 | 3,193 | 4,309 |
| Donations | 105 | 42 | 344 | 184 |
| Employee benefits (Note 7a) | 7,925 | 5,340 | 25,917 | 20,869 |
| Business development expenses | - | 3,362 | - | 11,023 |
| Flights and other travel costs | 2,253 | 1,647 | 7,366 | 6,176 |
| Rentals | 514 | 1,380 | 1,680 | 4,855 |
| Loss on disposal of plant & equipment | 10 | 307 | 32 | 1,509 |
| Other general expenses | 4,218 | 4,768 | 13,794 | 17,416 |
| Impairment losses (Note 19) | - | 2,273 | - | 10,260 |
| 25,037 | 30,001 | 81,870 | 113,832 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
Directors' emoluments have been split between executive & non-executive directors' share based payment expenses are included in employee benefits expense.
There were no non-audit services rendered by the Group's auditors during the year.
Other general expenses relate to costs such as office maintenance costs, rentals, telecommunication costs, logistics costs and others. It also includes reversal of impairment loss of N 3.14 billion, 2016: ₦2.27 billion (US$ 10 million, 2016: US$ 10 million). Impairment loss relates to the impairment of receivables due from Nigerian Petroleum Development Company (NPDC) in Note 19. This provision is no longer required and the reversal of ₦2.27 billion (US$10 million) is included in general and administrative expenses.
7a. Salaries and employee related costs include the following:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Short term employee benefits: | ||||
| Basic salary | 3,684 | 2,097 | 12,047 | 8,194 |
| Housing allowances | 484 | 816 | 1,582 | 3,190 |
| Other allowances | 1,065 | 890 | 3,484 | 3,468 |
| Post employment benefits: | ||||
| Defined contribution expenses | 455 | 428 | 1,489 | 1,673 |
| Defined benefit expenses (Note 27) | 502 | 240 | 1,641 | 938 |
| Share based payment benefits (Note 21b) | 1,735 | 869 | 5,674 | 3,406 |
| Total salaries and employee related costs | 7,925 | 5,340 | 25,917 | 20,869 |
8. Gains/(losses) on foreign exchange(net)
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Exchange gains/(losses) | 209 | (28,684) | 682 | (101,455) |
| Total | 209 | (28,684) | 682 | (101,455) |
This is principally as a result of translation of naira denominated monetary assets and liabilities. In the current reporting period, the Naira which is the Group's major foreign currency was relatively stable all year round (2016: Foreign exchange losses resulted from the Naira devaluation of approximately 53% as announced by the Central Bank of Nigeria).
9. Fair value loss
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Realised fair value losses on crude oil hedges | (5,931) | - | (19,393) | - |
| Unrealised fair value losses on crude oil hedges | - | (2,186) | - | (12,455) |
| Fair value (loss)/gain on contingent consideration (Note 25) | (568) | (596) | (1,860) | (2,614) |
| Fair value gain on other assets | 836 | - | 2,735 | - |
| Total | (5,663) | (2,782) | (18,518) | (15,069) |
Realised fair value losses on crude oil hedges represent the payments for crude oil price options. These options expired on 31 December 2017. Fair value loss on contingent consideration arises in relation to remeasurement of contingent consideration on the Group's acquisition of participating interest in its OML 53. The contingency criteria are the achievement of certain production milestones. Fair value gain on other assets arises from the fair value remeasurement of the Group's rights to receive the discharge sum on OML 55. See Note 15 for further details.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
10. Finance (cost)/income
| Finance income | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Interest income | 1,326 | 15,800 | 4,335 | 59,017 |
| Finance cost | ||||
| Finance cost | ||||
| Interest on advance payments for crude oil sales | 1,770 | - | 5,789 | - |
| Interest on bank loans | 22,431 | 18,165 | 73,347 | 73,420 |
| Unwinding of discount on provision for decommissioning (Note 26) | 29 | 105 | 96 | 480 |
| Interest capitalised (Note 14a) | (1,982) | - | (6,480) | - |
| 22,248 | 18,270 | 72,752 | 73,900 | |
| Finance (cost)/income (net) | (20,922) | (2,470) | (68,417) | (14,883) |
Finance income represents interest on fixed deposits for the Group.
The capitalisation rate used to determine the amount of borrowing costs to be capitalised is the weighted average interest rate applicable to the Group's general borrowings denominated in dollars during the year, in this case 9.41% (2016 - Nil).
11. Taxation
The major components of income tax expense for the years ended 31 December 2017 and 2016 are:
11a. Income tax expense
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Current tax: | ||||
| Current tax on profit for the year | - | - | - | - |
| Education tax | 687 | 574 | 2,248 | 1,885 |
| Prior period over provision | - | (38) | - | (126) |
| Total current tax | 687 | 536 | 2,248 | 1,759 |
| Deferred tax: | ||||
| Deferred tax credit in profit or loss | (68,344) | (2,571) | (223,481) | (8,431) |
| Total tax credit in statement of profit or loss | (67,657) | (2,035) | (221,233) | (6,672) |
| Deferred tax recognised in other comprehensive income | (76) | - | (250) | - |
| Total tax credit for the period | (67,733) | (2,035) | (221,483) | (6,672) |
| Effective tax rate | (503%) | 4% | (503%) | 4% |
11b. Reconciliation of effective tax rate
The applicable tax rate for 2017 for the Group was 85%, 65.75% and 30% (2016: 65.75%).
During 2013, applications were made by Seplat and its wholly owned subsidiary, Newton Energy, for the tax incentives available under the provisions of the Industrial Development (Income Tax Relief) Act. In February 2014, Seplat was granted the incentives in respect of the tax treatment of OMLs 4, 38 and 41. Newton Energy was also granted similar incentives in respect of the tax treatment of OPL 283/OML 56.
Under these incentives, the companies' profits are subject to a tax rate of 0% with effect from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2015 in the first instance and then for an additional two years for the Company, and 1 June 2013 to 31 May 2015 in the first instance and then for an additional two years for Newton Energy if both companies meet certain conditions included in the Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission (NIPC) pioneer status award document.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
Seplat East onshore and Seplat Swamp are exempt from the tax incentives as they had no activities at the time the incentives were granted to Seplat and Newton.
As at the end of the reporting period, the NIPC is yet to approve the tax incentives for the additional two years of the tax holidays. The financial statements have been prepared on the assumption that the tax incentives may not be renewed and this forms the basis of the Group's current and deferred taxation in the financial statements. The current tax for the period has been utilised against tax losses brought forward.
A reconciliation between income tax expense and accounting profit before income tax multiplied by the applicable statutory tax rate is as follows
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Profit/(loss) before taxation | 13,454 | (47,419) | 43,997 | (172,766) |
| Tax rate of 85%, 65.75% and 30% (2016 - 65.75%) | 11,435 | (31,178) | 37,397 | (113,594) |
| Tax effect of amounts which are not deductible (taxable) in calculating taxable income: | ||||
| Income not subject to tax | (25,578) | - | (83,644) | - |
| Expenses not deductible for tax purposes | 31,246 | 10,324 | 102,179 | 33,856 |
| Recognition of previously unrecognised deductible temporary difference | (64,335) | - | (210,380) | - |
| Impact of unutilised tax losses | 3,362 | 18,283 | 10,996 | 71,307 |
| Effect of differences in tax rates | 5,708 | - | 18,666 | - |
| Impact of tax incentive | (29,228) | - | (95,577) | - |
| Education tax | 687 | 574 | 2,248 | 1,885 |
| Prior period over provision | - | (38) | - | (126) |
| Tax loss utilised | (954) | - | (3,118) | - |
| Total tax credit in statement of profit or loss | (67,657) | (2,035) | (221,233) | (6,672) |
The movement in the current tax liability is as follows:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| As at 1 January | 575 | 47 | 1,885 | 239 |
| Tax charge | 687 | 574 | 2,248 | 1,885 |
| Deconsolidation of subsidiary | - | (34) | - | (113) |
| Prior period over provision | - | (38) | - | (126) |
| Exchange difference | 2 | 26 | - | - |
| As 31 December | 1,264 | 575 | 4,133 | 1,885 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
12. Deferred income tax
The analysis of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities is as follows:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| Deferred tax assets | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 |
| Deferred tax asset to be recovered in less than 12 months | - | - | ||
| Deferred tax asset to be recovered after more than 12 months | 68,417 | 223,731 | - | |
| 68,417 | 223,731 | - |
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 |
| Deferred tax liabilities to be recovered in less than 12 months | - | - | - | - |
| Deferred tax liability to be recovered after more than 12 months | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | |
| Net deferred tax asset/(liability) | 68,417 | - | 223,731 | - |
Deferred income tax assets are recognised for tax losses carried forward to the extent that the realisation of the related tax benefit through future taxable profits is probable.
Following a significant improvement in the financial position of the Company in 2017, the Group conducted an assessment of the its assessable profit based on a five (5) year business plan in order to determine the possibility of future profit making prospects for 2018 to 2022. As a result, the Group reviewed previously unrecognised tax losses and determined that it was now probable that taxable profits will be available against which the tax losses can be utilised. As a result, deferred tax assets of ₦68 billion, 2016: nil (US$224 million, 2016: nil) was recognised for those losses.
The Group did not recognise deferred income tax assets of ₦17 billion, 2016: ₦58 billion (US$55 million, 2016: US$192 million) in respect of temporary differences amounting to ₦29 billion, 2016: ₦89 billion (US$96 million, 2016: US$292 million) for its subsidiaries as management does not believe that future taxable profits would be available against which the deferred tax assets would be utilised. Out of this, deferred tax asset of ₦8.8 billion, 2016: ₦14 billion (US$29 million, 2016: US$47 million) relates tax losses of ₦14 billion, 2016: ₦21 billion (US$47million, 2016: US$71 million). There are no expiration dates for the tax losses.
There were no temporary differences associated with investments in the Group's subsidiaries for which a deferred tax liability would have been recognised in the periods presented.
12a. Deferred tax asset/(liability)
| Property, plant and equipment |
Decommissioning provision | Defined benefit expenses |
Underlift/ overlift |
Unrealised foreign exchange (gain)/ loss | Tax losses | Other provisions | Contingent liability | Total | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | |
| At 1 January 2016 | (2,078) | 506 | 906 | (3,538) | (18) | - | - | - | (4,222) |
| Deconsolidation of subsidiary | (506) | (38) | - | 8,980 | - | (2,231) | - | (2,300) | 3,905 |
| Deferred tax credit | 3,692 | (738) | (1,389) | (3,552) | 27 | 2,231 | - | 2,300 | 2,571 |
| Exchange difference | (1,108) | 270 | 483 | (1,890) | (9) | - | - | - | (2,254) |
| At 31 December 2016 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| At 1 January 2017 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Deferred tax credit: | |||||||||
| Credited to profit or loss | 37,535 | 102 | 1,250 | 6,489 | 4,209 | 12,392 | 6,440 | - | 68,344 |
| Credited to other comprehensive income | - | - | 76 | - | - | - | - | - | 76 |
| Exchange differences | (1) | (1) | 1 | - | (1) | - | (1) | (3) | |
| At 31 December 2017 | 37,535 | 102 | 1,250 | 6,489 | 4,209 | 12,392 | 6,440 | - | 68,417 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
| Property, plant and equipment |
Decommissioning provision | Defined benefit expenses |
Underlift/ overlift |
Unrealised foreign exchange (gain)/ loss | Tax losses | Other provisions | Contingent liability | Total | |
| US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| At 1 January 2016 | (10,448) | 2,544 | 4,554 | (17,794) | (89) | - | - | - | (21,233) |
| Deconsolidation of subsidiary | (1,659) | (125) | - | 29,443 | - | (7,315) | - | (7,542) | 12,802 |
| Deferred tax credit | 12,107 | (2,419) | (4,554) | (11,649) | 89 | 7,315 | - | 7,542 | 8,431 |
| At 31 December 2016 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| At 1 January 2017 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Deferred tax credit: | |||||||||
| Credited to profit or loss | 122,742 | 334 | 3,837 | 21,219 | 13,765 | 40,523 | 21,061 | - | 223,481 |
| Credited to other comprehensive income | - | - | 250 | - | - | - | - | - | 250 |
| At 31 December 2017 | 122,742 | 334 | 4,087 | 21,219 | 13,765 | 40,523 | 21,061 | - | 223,731 |
13. Computation of cash generated from operations
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||
| Notes | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Profit/(loss) before tax | 13,454 | (47,419) | 43,997 | (172,766) | |
| Adjusted for: | |||||
| Depletion, depreciation and amortisation | 14 | 26,385 | 15,101 | 86,277 | 59,870 |
| Impairment loss | (3,138) | 2,273 | (10,260) | 10,260 | |
| Finance income | 10 | (1,326) | (15,800) | (4,335) | (59,017) |
| Interest on advance payments for crude oil sales | 10 | 1,770 | - | 5,789 | - |
| Interest on bank loans and other bank charges | 10 | 22,431 | 18,165 | 73,347 | 73,420 |
| Interest capitalised | 10 | (1,982) | - | (6,480) | - |
| Unwinding of discount on provision for decommissioning liabilities | 10 | 29 | 105 | 96 | 480 |
| Fair value loss on contingent consideration | 9 | 568 | 596 | 1,860 | 2,614 |
| Unrealised fair value loss on crude oil hedges | 9 | - | 2,186 | - | 12,455 |
| Fair value gain on other assets | 9 | (836) | - | (2,735) | - |
| Unrealised foreign exchange (gain)/loss | 8 | (209) | 28,684 | (682) | 101,455 |
| Share based payment expenses | 21 | 1,735 | 869 | 5,674 | 3,406 |
| Defined benefit expenses | 502 | 287 | 1,641 | (1,467) | |
| Gain on deconsolidation | 15a | - | (210) | - | (680) |
| Loss on disposal of other property, plant and equipment | 7 | 10 | 307 | 32 | 1,509 |
| Changes in working capital (excluding the effects of exchange differences and deconsolidation): | |||||
| Trade and other receivables | 29,154 | 67,136 | 95,335 | 244,102 | |
| Prepayments | 322 | 4,690 | 1,054 | 16,035 | |
| Trade and other payables | 46,204 | (9,470) | 151,087 | (106,831) | |
| Inventories | 1,797 | (4,839) | 5,877 | (23,747) | |
| Net cash from operating activities | 136,870 | 62,661 | 447,574 | 161,098 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
14. Property, plant and equipment
14a. Oil and gas properties
| Production and field facilities |
Assets under construction | Total | Production and field facilities |
Assets under construction | Total | |||
| Cost | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | ||
| At 1 January 2016 | 271,565 | 63,394 | 334,959 | 1,365,752 | 318,820 | 1,684,572 | ||
| Additions | - | 25,275 | 25,275 | - | 82,893 | 82,893 | ||
| Changes in decommissioning | (1,134) | - | (1,134) | (3,720) | - | (3,720) | ||
| Transfer from asset under construction | 50,596 | (50,596) | - | 248,324 | (248,324) | - | ||
| Deconsolidation of subsidiary | (74,439) | - | (74,439) | (244,062) | - | (244,062) | ||
| Disposal | - | (307) | (307) | - | (1,509) | (1,509) | ||
| Exchange differences | 170,132 | 8,557 | 178,689 | - | - | - | ||
| At 31 December 2016 | 416,720 | 46,323 | 463,043 | 1,366,294 | 151,880 | 1,518,174 | ||
| Depreciation | ||||||||
| At 1 January 2016 | 49,237 | - | 49,237 | 247,622 | - | 247,622 | ||
| Charged for the year | 13,683 | - | 13,683 | 54,326 | - | 54,326 | ||
| Deconsolidation of subsidiary | (2,493) | - | (2,493) | (8,174) | - | (8,174) | ||
| Exchange differences | 29,174 | - | 29,174 | - | - | - | ||
| At 31 December 2016 | 89,601 | - | 89,601 | 293,774 | - | 293,774 | ||
| NBV | ||||||||
| At 31 December 2016 | 327,119 | 46,323 | 373,442 | 1,072,520 | 151,880 | 1,224,400 | ||
| Cost | ||||||||
| At 1 January 2017 | 416,720 | 46,323 | 463,043 | 1,366,294 | 151,880 | 1,518,174 | ||
| Additions | 3,910 | 5,867 | 9,777 | 12,784 | 19,186 | 31,970 | ||
| Changes in decommissioning | 32,300 | - | 32,300 | 105,619 | - | 105,619 | ||
| Transfer from asset under construction | 10,990 | (10,990) | - | 35,938 | (35,938) | - | ||
| Interest capitalised | - | 1,982 | 1,982 | - | 6,480 | 6,480 | ||
| Exchange differences | 1,090 | 122 | 1,212 | - | - | - | ||
| At 31 December 2017 | 465,010 | 43,304 | 508,314 | 1,520,635 | 141,608 | 1,662,243 | ||
| Depreciation | ||||||||
| At 1 January 2017 | 89,601 | - | 89,601 | 293,774 | - | 293,774 | ||
| Charged for the year | 25,102 | - | 25,102 | 82,082 | - | 82,082 | ||
| Exchange difference | 234 | - | 234 | - | - | - | ||
| At 31 December 2017 | 114,937 | - | 114,937 | 375,856 | - | 375,856 | ||
| NBV | ||||||||
| At 31 December 2017 | 350,073 | 43,304 | 393,377 | 1,144,779 | 141,608 | 1,286,387 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
The Group's present and future assets (except jointly owned with NNPC/NPDC) along with all equipment, machinery and immovable property situated on the property to which the oil mining leases relate are pledged as security for the syndicate loan (Note 24).
Assets under construction represent costs capitalised in connection with the development of the Group's oil fields and other property, plant and equipment not yet ready for their intended use. Some of which are qualifying assets which takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use. A capitalisation rate has been determined and used to capitalise borrowing cost from the Group's general borrowings. Borrowing costs capitalised during the year amounted to ₦1.98 billion, 2016: Nil (US$6.48 million, 2016: Nil).
14b. Other property, plant and equipment
| Plant & machinery | Motor vehicles |
Office furniture & IT equipment |
Leasehold improvements | Total | |
| Cost | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million |
| At 1 January 2016 | 797 | 1,346 | 2,707 | 626 | 5,476 |
| Additions | 163 | 118 | 711 | - | 992 |
| Disposals | - | (28) | - | (137) | (165) |
| Transfer | 3 | 35 | (43) | 5 | - |
| Exchange differences | 502 | 761 | 974 | 376 | 2,613 |
| At 31 December 2016 | 1,465 | 2,232 | 4,349 | 870 | 8,916 |
| Depreciation | |||||
| At 1 January 2016 | 340 | 698 | 1,851 | 280 | 3,169 |
| Disposals | - | (14) | - | - | (14) |
| Charged for the year | 215 | 337 | 721 | 145 | 1,418 |
| Exchange differences | 223 | 430 | 1,081 | 179 | 1,913 |
| At 31 December 2016 | 778 | 1,451 | 3,653 | 604 | 6,486 |
| NBV | |||||
| At 31 December 2016 | 687 | 781 | 696 | 266 | 2,430 |
| Cost | |||||
| At 1 January 2017 | 1,465 | 2,232 | 4,349 | 870 | 8,916 |
| Addition | 125 | 170 | 141 | 23 | 459 |
| Disposals | - | (141) | - | - | (141) |
| Exchange differences | 4 | 5 | (34) | 2 | (23) |
| At 31 December 2017 | 1,594 | 2,266 | 4,456 | 895 | 9,211 |
| Depreciation | |||||
| At 1 January 2017 | 778 | 1,451 | 3,653 | 604 | 6,486 |
| Disposal | - | (82) | - | - | (82) |
| Charge for the year | 269 | 374 | 518 | 122 | 1,283 |
| Exchange differences | 2 | 4 | (36) | 1 | (29) |
| At 31 December 2017 | 1,049 | 1,747 | 4,135 | 727 | 7,658 |
| NBV | |||||
| At 31 December 2017 | 545 | 519 | 321 | 168 | 1,553 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
| Plant & machinery | Motor vehicles |
Office furniture & IT equipment |
Leasehold improvements | Total | |
| Cost | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 |
| At 1 January 2016 | 4,007 | 6,773 | 13,615 | 3,150 | 27,545 |
| Additions | 785 | 508 | 1,056 | - | 2,349 |
| Disposals | - | (136) | - | (317) | (453) |
| Transfer | 12 | 173 | (205) | 20 | - |
| Exchange differences | - | - | (206) | - | (206) |
| At 31 December 2016 | 4,804 | 7,318 | 14,260 | 2,853 | 29,235 |
| Depreciation | |||||
| At 1 January 2016 | 1,710 | 3,510 | 9,309 | 1,413 | 15,942 |
| Disposals | - | (68) | - | - | (68) |
| Charged for the year | 842 | 1,316 | 2,819 | 567 | 5,544 |
| Exchange differences | - | - | (150) | - | (150) |
| At 31 December 2016 | 2,552 | 4,758 | 11,978 | 1,980 | 21,268 |
| NBV | |||||
| At 31 December 2016 | 2,252 | 2,560 | 2,282 | 873 | 7,967 |
| Cost | |||||
| At 1 January 2017 | 4,804 | 7,318 | 14,260 | 2,853 | 29,235 |
| Addition | 408 | 555 | 462 | 75 | 1,500 |
| Disposals | - | (462) | - | - | (462) |
| Transfer | - | - | - | - | - |
| Exchange differences | - | - | (150) | - | (150) |
| At 31 December 2017 | 5,212 | 7,411 | 14,572 | 2,928 | 30,123 |
| Depreciation | |||||
| At 1 January 2017 | 2,552 | 4,758 | 11,978 | 1,980 | 21,268 |
| Disposal | - | (268) | - | - | (268) |
| Charge for the year | 880 | 1,224 | 1,693 | 398 | 4,195 |
| Exchange differences | - | - | (150) | - | (150) |
| At 31 December 2017 | 3,432 | 5,714 | 13,521 | 2,378 | 25,045 |
| NBV | |||||
| At 31 December 2017 | 1,780 | 1,697 | 1,051 | 550 | 5,078 |
15. Other assets
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | $'000 | $'000 | |
| Initial fair value of investment in OML 55 at acquisition date | 76,277 | 76,277 | 250,090 | 250,090 |
| Receipts from crude oil lifted | (10,947) | - | (35,794) | - |
| Fair value adjustment as at 31 December 2017 | 836 | - | 2,735 | - |
| Exchange differences | 202 | - | ||
| Fair value as at 31 December 2017 | 66,368 | 76,277 | 217,031 | 250,090 |
Other asset represents the Group's rights to receive the discharge sum of ₦89.9 billion, 2016: ₦100 billion (US$294 million, 2016: US$330 million) from the crude oil reserves of OML 55.The asset is measured at fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL) and receipts from crude oil lifted reduce the value of the asset. At each reporting date, the fair value of the discharge sum is determined using the income approach in line with IFRS 13: Fair Value Measurement (Discounted cash flows). This asset is categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. As at 31 December 2017, the fair value of the discharge sum is ₦66 billion, 2016: ₦76 billion (US$217 million, 2016: US$250 million).
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
15a. Gain on deconsolidation of subsidiary
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Summary of assets and liabilities derecognised | - | (76,067) | - | (249,410) |
| Summary of assets and liabilities recognised | - | 76,277 | - | 250,090 |
| Gain on deconsolidation of BelemaOil | - | 210 | - | 680 |
16. Prepayments
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| Non-current | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 |
| Tax paid in advance | 9,670 | 9,645 | 31,623 | 31,623 |
| Rent | 287 | 608 | 939 | 1,993 |
| 9,957 | 10,253 | 32,562 | 33,616 | |
| Current | ||||
| Rent | 211 | 803 | 691 | 2,632 |
| Others | 384 | 1,232 | 1,257 | 4,040 |
| 595 | 2,035 | 1,948 | 6,672 | |
| Total prepayments | 10,552 | 12,288 | 34,510 | 40,288 |
Included in non-current prepayments are the following:
16a. Tax paid in advance
In 2013 and 2014 Petroleum Profit Tax payments (2013: ₦8.6 billion and 2014: ₦0.88 billion) (2013: US$28.7 million and 2014: US$2.9 million) were made by the Group prior to obtaining a pioneer status. This was accounted for as a tax credit under non-current prepayments until a future date when the Group will be expected to offset it against its tax liability. The current tax liability for the year has been utilised against tax losses brought forward.
16b. Rent
In 2014, the Group entered into three new commercial leases in relation to three buildings that it occupies two in Lagos and one in Delta state. Two of the non-cancellable leases which relate to buildings in Lagos expire in 2018 and 2019 respectively. The rent on the building in Delta state has been renewed and now expires in 2021. The Group has prepaid these rents. The long-term portion as at 31 December 2017 is ₦0.2 billion, 2016: ₦0.6 billion (US$0.9 million, 2016: US$1.9 million).
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
17. Interest in other entities
i) Material subsidiaries
The Group's principal subsidiaries as at 31 Dec 31 December 2017 are set in Note 1. Unless otherwise stated, they have share capital consisting solely of ordinary shares that are held directly by the Group, and the proportion of ownership interests held equals the voting rights held by the Group. The country of incorporation or registration is also their principal place of business.
There were no significant judgements made in consolidating these entities. Also, there were no significant restrictions on any of the entities.
18. Inventories
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Tubular, casing and wellheads | 30,683 | 32,395 | 100,336 | 106,213 |
Inventory represents the value of tubulars, casings and wellheads. The inventory is carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Included in cost of sales is ₦1.3 billion, 2016: ₦30.6 million (US$4.3 million, 2016: US$0.1 million) representing inventory charged to profit or loss during the year. There was no inventory written down for the year ended 31 December 2017.
19. Trade and other receivables
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Trade receivables | 33,236 | 22,395 | 108,685 | 73,427 |
| Nigerian Petroleum Development Company (NPDC) receivables | 34,453 | 69,776 | 112,664 | 228,774 |
| National Petroleum Investment Management Services | 3,824 | 2,511 | 12,506 | 8,233 |
| Advances on investments | 20,093 | 20,040 | 65,705 | 65,705 |
| Underlift | - | 1,372 | - | 4,498 |
| Advances to suppliers | 2,404 | 2,720 | 7,861 | 8,921 |
| Other receivables | 894 | 346 | 2,924 | 1,136 |
| 94,904 | 119,160 | 310,345 | 390,694 |
19a. Trade receivables
Included in trade receivables is an amount due from Nigerian Gas Company (NGC) and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) totaling ₦22 billion, 2016: ₦20 billion (US$72 million, 2016: US$67 million) with respect to the sale of gas for the Group.
19b. NPDC receivables
NPDC receivables represent the outstanding cash calls due to Seplat from its JV partner, Nigerian Petroleum Development Company. In this reporting period, impairment loss on NPDC receivables were reversed (2016: ₦2.27 billion, US$10.3 million impairment loss recognised). As at 31 December 2017, the undiscounted value of this receivable is ₦34 billion, 2016: ₦72 billion (US$113 million, 2016: US$239 million).
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
19c. Advances on investment
This comprises an advance of ₦13.7 billion (US$45 million) on a potential investment in OML 25 and ₦6 billion (US$20.5 million) currently held in an escrow account. Proceedings commenced against Newton Energy Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Seplat Plc by Crestar Natural resources relating to the ₦6 billion (US$20.5 million) currently held in an escrow account. The escrow monies relate to the potential acquisition of OML 25 by Crestar which Newton Energy has an option to invest into. These monies were put in escrow in July 2015 pursuant to an agreement reached with Crestar and the vendor on final terms of the transaction.
20. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial position comprise cash at banks and on hand, short-term deposits with a maturity of three months or less and restricted cash balances.
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Cash on hand | 3 | 2 | 11 | 7 |
| Restricted cash | 19,166 | 19,887 | 62,674 | 65,203 |
| Cash at bank | 114,530 | 28,795 | 374,527 | 94,411 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 133,699 | 48,684 | 437,212 | 159,621 |
At 31 December 2017, cash at bank includes the debt service reserve of ₦19 billion, 2016: ₦19.9 billion (US$62 million, 2016: US$65 million) deposited pursuant to the covenant in relation to the bank syndicated loan. The debt service reserve account balance is the amount equal to at least the aggregate of the amounts of principal and interest projected to fall due on the next successive principal repayment dates and dates for the payment of interest.
21. Share capital
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Authorised ordinary share capital | ||||
| 1,000,000,000 ordinary shares denominated in Naira of 50 kobo per share | 500 | 500 | 3,335 | 3,335 |
| Issued and fully paid | ||||
| 563,444,561 (2016: 563,444,561) issued shares denominated in Naira of 50 kobo per share | 283 | 283 | 1,826 | 1,826 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
21a. Employee share based payment scheme
In 2017, the Company gave share awards of 33,697,792 shares (2016: 25,448,071 shares) to certain employees and senior executives in line with its share based incentive scheme. During the year ended 31 December 2017, no shares were vested. In 2016, 2,868,460 shares had vested resulting in an increase in number of issued and fully paid ordinary shares of 50k each from 561 million to 563 million.
Fully paid ordinary shares carry one vote per share and carry the right to dividends. During 2013, the Company sub-divided its shares from 1 to 0.50 per share resulting in an increase in the number of shares issued from 100 million to 200 million ordinary shares. On 31 July 2013, the number of ordinary shares was increased to 400 million by way of a bonus issue to existing shareholders; these were issued from the revenue reserve. In August 2013 the authorised share capital was increased from 400 million to 1 billion denominated in 0.50 per share.
21b. Share based payment reserve
The Group has made a number of share-based awards under incentive plans since its IPO in 2014: IPO-related grants to Executive and Non-Executive Directors, 2014/2015/2016 deferred bonus awards and 2014/2015/2016/2017 Long-term Incentive plan ('LTIP') awards. Shares under these incentive plans were awarded at the IPO in April 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 conditional on the Nigerian Stock Exchange ('NSE') approving the share delivery mechanism proposed by the Group.
Description of the awards valued
Seplat Deferred Bonus Award
25% of each Executive Director's 2014, 2015 and 2016 bonus (paid in 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively) has been deferred into shares and is released on 1 June 2017, 1 June 2018 and 20 April 2019 respectively subject to continued employment. No performance criteria are attached to this award. As a result the fair value of these awards is the share price at the actual date of grant.
Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) awards
Under the LTIP Plan, shares are granted to management staff of the organisation at the end of every year. The shares were granted to the employees at no cost. The shares vest (after 3 years) based on the following conditions.
· 50% award vesting where the reserves growth was more than a 10% decrease.
· Straight line basis between 50% and 100% where reserves growth was between a 10% decrease and a 10% increase.
· 100% award vesting where the reserves growth is equal to or greater than a 10% increase.
· If the Group outperforms the median TSR performance level with the LTIP exploration and production comparator group.
The LTIP awards have been approved by the NSE.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
The expense recognised for employee services received during the year is shown in the following table:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Expense arising from equity-settled share-based payment transactions | 1,735 | 869 | 5,674 | 3,406 |
There were no cancellations to the awards in 2017 or 2016. The share awards granted to Executive Directors and confirmed employees are summarised below.
| Scheme | Deemed grant date | Start of Service Period | End of service period | Number of awards |
| Global Bonus Offer | 4 November 2015 | 9 April 2014 | 9 April 2015 | 6,472,138 |
| Non- Executive Shares | 4 November 2015 | 9 April 2014 | 9 April 2015 | 793,650 |
| 2014 Deferred Bonus | 14 December 2015 | 14 December 2015 | 21 April 2017 | 212,701 |
| 2014 Long term incentive Plan | 14 December 2015 | 14 December 2015 | 09 April 2017 | 2,173,259 |
| 2015 Long term incentive Plan | 31 December 2015 | 14 December 2015 | 21 April 2018 | 5,287,354 |
| 2015 Deferred Bonus | 21 April 2016 | 21 April 2016 | 20 April 2018 | 247,610 |
| 2016 Long term incentive Plan | 22 December 2016 | 22 December 2016 | 21 December 2019 | 10,294,300 |
| 2016 Deferred Bonus | 24 November 2017 | 24 November 2017 | 20 April 2019 | 278,191 |
| 2017 Long term incentive Plan | 24 November 2017 | 24 November 2017 | 20 April 2020 | 7,938,589 |
| 33,697,792 |
| Share award scheme (all awards) | 2017 Number |
2017 WAEP N |
2016 Number |
2016 WAEP N |
| Outstanding at 1 January | 1,540,024 | 205.87 | 4,249,000 | 298.26 |
| Granted during the year | 6,665,749 | 262.45 | 159,484 | 356.35 |
| Forfeited during the year | - | - | - | - |
| Exercised during the year | - | - | (2,868,460) | 15.23 |
| Outstanding at 31 December | 8,205,773 | 251.64 | 1,540,024 | 205.87 |
| Exercisable at 31 December | - | - | - | - |
Share awards used in the calculation of diluted earnings per shares are based on the outstanding shares as at 31 December 2017.
| Share award scheme (all awards) | 2017 Number |
2017 WAEP US$ |
2016 Number |
2016 WAEP US$ |
| Outstanding at 1 January | 1,540,024 | 0.67 | 4,249,000 | 1.50 |
| Granted during the year | 6,665,749 | 0.86 | 159,484 | 1.17 |
| Forfeited during the year | - | - | - | - |
| Exercised during the year | - | - | (2,868,460) | 0.05 |
| Outstanding at 31 December | 8,205,773 | 0.82 | 1,540,024 | 0.67 |
| Exercisable at 31 December | - | - | - | - |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
Movements during the year
The following table illustrates the number and weighted average exercise prices ('WAEP') of and movements in deferred bonus scheme and long term incentive plan during the year for each available scheme.
| Deferred Bonus Scheme | 2017 Number |
2017 WAEP N |
2016 Number |
2016 WAEP N |
| Outstanding at 1 January | 427,370 | 399.55 | 212,701 | 224.69 |
| *Granted during the year | 311,132 | 428.69 | 214,669 | 380.04 |
| Forfeited during the year | - | - | - | - |
| Exercised during the year | - | - | - | - |
| Outstanding at 31 December | 738,502 | 412.05 | 427,370 | 399.55 |
| Exercisable at 31 December | - | - | - | - |
| Deferred Bonus Scheme | 2017 Number |
2017 WAEP US$ |
2016 Number |
2016 WAEP US$ |
| Outstanding at 1 January | 427,370 | 1.31 | 212,701 | 1.13 |
| Granted during the year | 311,132 | 1.40 | 214,669 | 1.49 |
| Forfeited during the year | - | - | - | - |
| Exercised during the year | - | - | - | - |
| Outstanding at 31 December | 738,502 | 1.35 | 427,370 | 1.31 |
| Exercisable at 31 December | - | - | - | - |
*In 2017, the Group increased the number of shares attributable to the 2015 Deferred Bonus scheme by 32,914 shares following a revaluation of the total number of share awards applicable to the scheme. The fair value per share of the additional shares at the date of the modification were determined to be N 380.04(US$ 1.49). There were no incremental changes in the fair value per share and the vesting period did not change as the additional shares were assumed to have been issued in the same period and with the same terms as the original shares granted.
The increase in share based payment expense of N 12.7 million (US$ 41,513) was calculated using the portion of the additional number of shares issued and the fair value per share at the original grant date. The amount is recognised as an expense in the current period until the end of the vesting period. The expense for the original scheme will continue to be recognised as if the terms had not been modified.
The fair value of the modified options was determined using the same models and principles as described in the table below on the inputs to the models used for the scheme.
| Long term incentive Plan (LTIP) | 2017 Number |
2017 WAEP N |
2016 Number |
2016 WAEP N |
| Outstanding at 1 January | 14,886,453 | 253.2 | 7,460,613 | 151.12 |
| Granted during the year | 7,938,589 | 367.45 | 10,294,300 | 227.10 |
| Forfeited during the year | - | - | - | - |
| Exercised during the year | - | - | (2,868,460) | 15.23 |
| Outstanding at 31 December | 22,825,042 | 292.25 | 14,886,453 | 253.2 |
| Exercisable at 31 December | - | - | - | - |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
| Long term incentive Plan (LTIP) | 2017 Number |
2017 WAEP US$ |
2016 Number |
2016 WAEP US$ |
| Outstanding at 1 January | 14,886,453 | 0.83 | 7,460,613 | 0.76 |
| Granted during the year | 7,938,589 | 1.20 | 10,294,300 | 0.89 |
| Forfeited during the year | - | - | - | - |
| Exercised during the year | - | - | (2,868,460) | 0.05 |
| Outstanding at 31 December | 22,825,042 | 0.96 | 14,886,453 | 0.83 |
| Exercisable at 31 December | - | - | - | - |
The shares are granted to the employees at no cost.
The weighted average remaining contractual life for the share awards outstanding as at 31 December 2017 range from 0.3 to 2.3 years.
The weighted average fair value of awards granted during the year range from ₦366.9 to ₦428.1 (US$1.20 to US$1.40).
The exercise prices for options outstanding at the end of the year range from ₦293.5 to ₦412.8 (US$0.96 to US$1.35).
The fair value at grant date is independently determined using the Monte Carlo Model which takes into account the exercise price, the term of the option, the share price at grant date and expected price volatility of the underlying share, the expected dividend yield, the risk free interest rate for the term of the option and the correlations and volatilities of peer group companies.
The expected price volatility is based on the historic volatility (based on the remaining life of the options), adjusted for any expected changes to future volatility due to publicly available information.
The following table lists the inputs to the models used for the two plans for the year ended 31 December 2017:
| 2016 Deferred bonus |
2016 LTIP |
2017 LTIP |
||
| Weighted average fair values at the measurement date | ||||
| Dividend yield (%) | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | |
| Expected volatility (%) | n/a | 56% | 43% | |
| Risk-free interest rate (%) | n/a | 0.63% | 0.44% | |
| Expected life of share options | 1.40 | 2.35 | 2.40 | |
| Weighted average share price ($) | 1.4 | 1.497 | 1.4 | |
| Weighted average share price (₦) | 428.12 | 457.78 | 428.12 | |
| Model used | n/a | Monte Carlo | Monte Carlo |
21c. Share Premium
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Share premium | 82,080 | 82,080 | 497,457 | 497,457 |
Section 120.2 of Companies and Allied Matters Act, CAP C20, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004 requires that where a Company issues shares at premium (i.e. above the par value), the value of the premium should be transferred to share premium.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
22. Capital contribution
This represents M&P additional cash contribution to the Group. In accordance with the Shareholders' Agreement, the amount was used by the Group for working capital as was required at the commencement of operations.
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Capital contribution | 5,932 | 5,932 | 40,000 | 40,000 |
23. Foreign currency translation reserve
Cumulative foreign exchange differences arising from translation of the Group's results and financial position into the presentation currency and from the translation of foreign subsidiary is recognised in foreign currency translation reserve.
24. Interest bearing loans and borrowings
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| Non-Current | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 |
| Bank borrowings | 93,170 | 136,060 | 304,677 | 446,098 |
Current
| Bank borrowings | 81,159 | 66,489 | 265,400 | 217,998 |
| Total borrowings | 174,329 | 202,549 | 570,077 | 664,096 |
Bank loan
Syndicate credit facility
On 31 December 2014, Seplat signed a ₦518 billion (US$1.7 billion) debt refinancing package, made up of the following facilities:
| ● | ₦214 billion (US$700 million) seven year term loan with an ability to stretch it to ₦427 billion (US$1.4billion) contingent on a qualifying acquisition with a consortium of five local banks. This facility has a seven year maturity period. |
| ● | ₦91 billion (US$300 million) three year corporate revolving loan primarily to manage working capital requirements with a consortium of eight international banks. This facility has a three year maturity period. |
As at 31 December 2017, there were no further draw downs (2016: Nil) of this facility. Interest accrues monthly on the principal amount outstanding at the LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 6.5% to 8.5%. Principal and interest repayments in 2017 were made, the outstanding balance as at 31 December 2017 is ₦176 billion, 2016: ₦206 billion (US$578 million, 2016: US$676million).
The following is the analysis of the principal outstanding showing the lenders of the facility as at the year end
| 31 December 2017 Term Loan |
Interest | Current ₦ million |
Non-Current ₦ million |
Total ₦ million |
Current US$'000 |
Non-Current US$'000 |
Total US$'000 |
| SBSA | 8.5% + LIBOR | 1,709 | 3,673 | 5,382 | 5,588 | 12,012 | 17,600 |
| Stanbic | 8.5% + LIBOR | 1,709 | 3,673 | 5,382 | 5,588 | 12,012 | 17,600 |
| FBN | 8.5% + LIBOR | 10,070 | 21,651 | 31,721 | 32,931 | 70,800 | 103,731 |
| UBA | 8.5% + LIBOR | 11,402 | 24,513 | 35,915 | 37,285 | 80,160 | 117,445 |
| Zenith Bank | 8.5% + LIBOR | 18,243 | 39,221 | 57,464 | 59,656 | 128,256 | 187,912 |
| Allan Gray | 8.5% + LIBOR | 1,331 | 2,862 | 4,193 | 4,353 | 9,359 | 13,712 |
| 44,464 | 95,593 | 140,057 | 145,401 | 312,599 | 458,000 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
The following is the analysis of the principal outstanding showing the lenders of the facility as at the year end.
| 31 December 2017 | Current | Non-Current | Total | Current | Non-Current | Total | |
| Corporate loan | Interest | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$'000 | US$'000 | US$'000 |
| Citibank Nigeria Limited | 6% + LIBOR | 4,280 | - | 4,280 | 14,000 | - | 14,000 |
| Firstrand Bank Limited Acting | 6% + LIBOR | 3,668 | - | 3,668 | 12,000 | - | 12,000 |
| JPMorgan Chase Bank N A London | 6% + LIBOR | 3,668 | - | 3,668 | 12,000 | - | 12,000 |
| Nedbank Limited, London Branch | 6% + LIBOR | 3,668 | - | 3,668 | 12,000 | - | 12,000 |
| The Mauritius Commercial Bank Plc | 6% + LIBOR | 3,668 | - | 3,668 | 12,000 | - | 12,000 |
| Standard Chartered Bank | 6% + LIBOR | 5,503 | - | 5,503 | 18,000 | - | 18,000 |
| Natixis | 6% + LIBOR | 5,503 | - | 5,503 | 18,000 | - | 18,000 |
| Stanbic Ibtc Bank Plc | 6% + LIBOR | 2,751 | - | 2,751 | 9,000 | - | 9,000 |
| The Standard Bank Of South Africa | 6% + LIBOR | 3,974 | - | 3,974 | 13,000 | - | 13,000 |
| 36,683 | - | 36,683 | 120,000 | - | 120,000 |
| 31 December 2016 | Current | Non-Current | Total | Current | Non-Current | Total | |
| Term Loan | Interest | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$'000 | US$'000 | US$'000 |
| SBSA | 8.5% + LIBOR | 504 | 5,368 | 5,872 | 1,652 | 17,601 | 19,253 |
| Stanbic | 8.5% + LIBOR | 504 | 5,368 | 5,872 | 1,652 | 17,601 | 19,253 |
| FBN | 8.5% + LIBOR | 3,363 | 35,821 | 39,184 | 11,026 | 117,445 | 128,471 |
| UBA | 8.5% + LIBOR | 3,363 | 35,821 | 39,184 | 11,026 | 117,445 | 128,471 |
| Zenith Bank | 8.5% + LIBOR | 5,381 | 57,313 | 62,694 | 17,642 | 187,910 | 205,552 |
| 13,115 | 139,691 | 152,806 | 42,998 | 458,002 | 501,000 |
| 31 December 2016 Corporate loan |
Interest | Current ₦ million |
Non-Current ₦ million |
Total ₦ million |
Current US$'000 |
Non-Current US$'000 |
Total US$'000 |
| Citibank Nigeria Limited | 6% + LIBOR | 8,006 | - | 8,006 | 26,250 | - | 26,250 |
| Firstrand Bank Limited Acting | 6% + LIBOR | 5,338 | - | 5,338 | 17,500 | - | 17,500 |
| JPMorgan Chase Bank N A London | 6% + LIBOR | 5,338 | - | 5,338 | 17,500 | - | 17,500 |
| Nedbank Limited, London Branch | 6% + LIBOR | 5,338 | - | 5,338 | 17,500 | - | 17,500 |
| Bank Of America Merrill Lynch | 6% + LIBOR | 5,338 | - | 5,338 | 17,500 | - | 17,500 |
| Standard Chartered Bank | 6% + LIBOR | 8,006 | - | 8,006 | 26,250 | - | 26,250 |
| Natixis | 6% + LIBOR | 8,006 | - | 8,006 | 26,250 | - | 26,250 |
| Stanbic Ibtc Bank Plc | 6% + LIBOR | 4,002 | - | 4,002 | 13,125 | - | 13,125 |
| The Standard Bank Of South Africa | 6% + LIBOR | 4,002 | - | 4,002 | 13,125 | - | 13,125 |
| 53,374 | - | 53,374 | 175,000 | - | 175,000 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||
| Loans | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$'000 | US$'000 | |
| Term loan | 140,057 | 152,806 | 458,000 | 501,000 | |
| Corporate loan | 36,683 | 53,374 | 120,000 | 175,000 | |
| Less: Capitalised loan transaction costs | (2,411) | (3,631) | (7,923) | (11,904) | |
| 174,329 | 202,549 | 570,077 | 664,096 |
Below is the net debt reconciliation on interest bearing loans and borrowings.
| Borrowings due within 1 year |
Borrowings due above 1 year |
Total | Borrowings due within 1 year |
Borrowings due above 1 year |
Total | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$'000 | US$'000 | US$'000 | |
| Balance as at 1 January 2017 | 66,489 | 136,060 | 202,549 | 217,998 | 446,098 | 664,096 |
| Effective interest | 22,430 | - | 22,430 | 73,347 | 73,347 | |
| Effect of loan restructuring | (8,807) | 8,807 | - | (28,798) | 28,798 | |
| Reclassification | 52,055 | (52,055) | - | 170,219 | (170,219) | - |
| Principal repayment | (29,970) | - | (29,970) | (98,000) | - | (98,000) |
| Interest repayment | (21,213) | - | (21,213) | (69,366) | - | (69,366) |
| Exchange differences | 175 | 358 | 533 | - | - | - |
| Balance as at 31 December 2017 | 81,159 | 93,170 | 174,329 | 265,400 | 304,677 | 570,077 |
25. Contingent consideration
| ₦ million | US$ '000 | |
| At 1 January 2016 | 4,355 | 21,900 |
| Fair value loss | 596 | 2,614 |
| Additions | - | - |
| Deconsolidation of subsidiary | (3,805) | (12,474) |
| Exchange differences | 2,526 | - |
| At 31 December 2016 | 3,672 | 12,040 |
| At 1 January 2017 | 3,672 | 12,040 |
| Fair value loss | 568 | 1,860 |
| Additions | - | - |
| Exchange differences | 11 | - |
| At 31 December 2017 | 4,251 | 13,900 |
In 2016, the Group derecognised the contingent consideration on OML 55 as a result of the deconsolidation of its subsidiary BelemaOil. The contingent consideration of ₦5.6 billion (US$18.5 million) for OML 53 is being recognised at the fair value of ₦4.3 billion, 2016: ₦3.6 billion (US$ 13.9 million, 2016: US$12 million). This is contingent on oil price rising above US$90 (N 27,522)/bbl. over the next three years.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
26. Provision for decommissioning obligation
| ₦ million | US$ '000 | |
| At 1 January 2016 | 769 | 3,869 |
| Unwinding of discount due to passage of time | 105 | 480 |
| Deconsolidation of subsidiary | 10 | (32) |
| Change in estimate | (1,135) | (3,720) |
| Exchange differences | 433 | - |
| At 31 December 2016 | 182 | 597 |
| At 1 January 2017 | 182 | 597 |
| Unwinding of discount due to passage of time | 29 | 96 |
| Change in estimate | 32,299 | 105,619 |
| At 31 December 2017 | 32,510 | 106,312 |
The Group makes full provision for the future cost of decommissioning oil production facilities on a discounted basis at the commencement of production. This relates to the removal of assets as well as their associated restoration costs. This obligation is recorded in the period in which the liability meets the definition of a "probable future sacrifice of economic benefits arising from a present obligation", and in which it can be reasonably measured.
The provision represents the present value of estimated future expenditure to be incurred from 2027 to 2047 which is the current expectation as to when the producing facilities are expected to cease operations. Management engaged a third party to assist with an estimate of the expenditure to be incurred from 2027 to 2047. These provisions were based on estimations carried out by DeGolyer and MacNaughton based on current assumptions on the economic environment which management believes to be a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the future liability. These estimates are reviewed regularly to take into account any material changes to the assumptions. However, actual decommissioning costs will ultimately depend upon future market prices for necessary decommissioning works required that will reflect market conditions at the relevant time. Furthermore, the timing of decommissioning is likely to depend on when the fields cease to produce at economically viable rates.
Following the review of the current assumptions for the year ended 31 December 2017, the risk-free discount rate and inflation rate were adjusted to reflect economic reality in the primary economic environment in which the Group operates.
As a result the change in estimate in the current year for the Group amounted to ₦32.3 billion, 2016: ₦1.1 billion (US$105.6 million, 2016: US$3.7million)
| Current estimated life span of reserves | ||
| 2017 | 2016 | |
| In years | In years | |
| Seplat Petroleum Development Company: | 2027 | 2045 |
| OML 4 | 2034 | 2056 |
| OML 38 | 2027 - 2034 | 2052 |
| OML 41 | 2034 | 2066 |
| Newton Energy Limited (OPL 283) | 2027 - 2047 | 2045 |
| Seplat East Onshore Ltd (OML 53) | 2041 - 2043 | 2054 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
27. Employee benefit obligation
27a. Defined contribution plan
The Group contributes to a funded defined contribution retirement benefit scheme for its employees in compliance with the provisions of the Pension Reform Act 2014. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Group pays fixed contributions to an approved Pension Fund Administrator ('PFA') - a separate entity. The assets of the scheme are managed by various Pension Fund Administrators patronised by employees of the Group. The Group's contributions are charged to the profit and loss account in the year to which they relate. The amount payable as at 31 December 2017 was ₦ 55 million, 2016: ₦127 million (US$180,462 2016: US$419,005)
27b. Defined benefit plan
The Group commenced its unfunded defined benefit plan (gratuity) in July 2015. The Group makes provisions for gratuity for employees from day one of employment in the Group. The employee qualifies to receive the gratuity after five years of continuous service. The employee's entitlement to the accrued benefits occurs on retirement from the Group. The level of benefits provided depends on the member's length of service and salary at retirement age. The gratuity liability is adjusted for inflation, interest rate risks, changes in salary and changes in the life expectancy for the beneficiaries. The provision for gratuity was based on an independent actuarial valuation performed by Logic Professional Services (LPS) using the projected unit credit method.
The Group does not maintain any assets for the gratuity plan but ensures that it has sufficient funds for the obligations as they crystallise.
The following tables summarise the components of net benefit expense recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and in the statement of financial position for the respective plans:
i) Liability recognised in the financial position
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Defined benefit obligation | 1,994 | 1,559 | 6,518 | 5,112 |
ii) Amount recognised in profit or loss
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Present value of obligation | ||||
| Current service cost | 444 | 474 | 1,451 | 1,554 |
| Past service cost due to curtailment | (180) | - | (589) | - |
| Interest cost on benefit obligation | 238 | 162 | 779 | 530 |
| 502 | 636 | 1,641 | 2,084 |
The Group recognises a part of its defined benefit expenses in profit or loss and recharges the other part to its joint operations partners, this is recognised as a receivable from the partners. Below is the breakdown:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Charged to receivables | - | 396 | - | 1,146 |
| Charged to profit or loss | 502 | 240 | 1,641 | 938 |
| 502 | 636 | 1,641 | 2,084 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
iii) Re-measurement (gains)/losses in other comprehensive income
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Remeasurement losses/(gains) due to changes in financial and demographic assumptions | 172 | (558) | 561 | (1,829) |
| Remeasurement (gains)/losses due to experience adjustment | (82) | 177 | (267) | 578 |
| 90 | (381) | 294 | (1,251) |
The Group recognises a part of the remeasurement gains/losses in other comprehensive income and recharges/credits the other part to its joint operations partners, this is recognised as a receivable from the partners. Below is the breakdown:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Credited to receivables | - | (209) | - | (688) |
| Credited to other comprehensive income | 90 | (172) | 294 | (563) |
| 90 | (381) | 294 | (1,251) |
iv) Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation are as follows:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Defined benefit obligation as at 1 January | 1,559 | 1,377 | 5,112 | 6,926 |
| Current service cost | 444 | 474 | 1,451 | 1,554 |
| Past service cost due to curtailment | (180) | - | (589) | - |
| Interest cost | 238 | 162 | 779 | 530 |
| Remeasurement losses/(gains) | 90 | (381) | 294 | (1,251) |
| Benefits paid by the employer | (163) | (74) | (532) | (242) |
| Exchange differences | 6 | 1 | 3 | (2,405) |
| Defined benefit obligation at 31 December | 1,994 | 1,559 | 6,518 | 5,112 |
v) The principal assumptions used in determining defined benefit obligations for the Group's plans are shown below:
| 2017 % |
2016 % |
|
| Discount rate | 14 | 16 |
| Average future pay increase | 12 | 13 |
| Average future rate of inflation | 12 | 12 |
a) Mortality in service
| Number of deaths in year out of 10,000 lives | ||
| Sample age | 2017 | 2016 |
| 25 | 7 | 7 |
| 30 | 7 | 7 |
| 35 | 9 | 9 |
| 40 | 14 | 14 |
| 45 | 26 | 26 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
b) Withdrawal from service
| Rates | ||
| Age band | 2017 | 2016 |
| Less than or equal to 30 | 1.0% | 1.0% |
| 31 - 39 | 1.5% | 1.5% |
| 40 - 44 | 1.5% | 1.5% |
| 45 - 55 | 1.0% | 1.0% |
| 56 - 60 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
c) A quantitative sensitivity analysis for significant assumption as at 31 December 2017 is as shown below:
| Base | Discount Rate | Salary increases | Mortality | |||||
| Assumptions | 1% increase ₦ million |
1% decrease ₦ million |
1% increase ₦ million |
1% decrease ₦ million |
1% increase ₦ million |
1% decrease ₦ million |
||
| Sensitivity Level: Impact on the net defined benefit obligation |
||||||||
| 31 December 2017 | 1,994 | (215) | 253 | 266 | (229) | 27 | (28) | |
| 31 December 2016 | 1,559 | (145) | 170 | 180 | (156) | 9 | (9) | |
| Base | Discount Rate | Salary increases | Mortality | |||||
| Assumptions | 1% increase US$'000 |
1% decrease US$'000 |
1% increase US$'000 |
1% decrease US$'000 |
1% increase US$'000 |
1% decrease US$'000 |
||
| Sensitivity Level: Impact on the net defined benefit obligation |
||||||||
| 31 December 2017 | 6,518 | (704) | 828 | 869 | (749) | 88 | (91) | |
| 31 December 2016 | 5,112 | (476) | 556 | 591 | (511) | 31 | (30) | |
The sensitivity analyses above have been determined based on a method that extrapolates the impact on net defined benefit obligation as a result of reasonable changes in key assumptions occurring at the end of the reporting period. The methods and assumptions used in preparing the sensitivity analysis did not change compared to prior period.
The following payments are expected contributions to be made in the future years out of the defined benefit plan obligation:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Within the next 12 months (next annual reporting period) | 70 | 111 | 228 | 364 |
| Between 2 and 5 years | 926 | 887 | 3,028 | 2,909 |
| Between 5 and 10 years | 3,796 | 2,413 | 12,412 | 7,912 |
| 4,792 | 3,411 | 15,668 | 11,185 |
The weighted average liability duration for the Plan is 11.96 years. The longest weighted duration for Nigerian Government bond as at 31 December 2017 was about 6.37 years with a gross redemption yield of about 14.12%.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
d) Risk exposure
Through its defined benefit pension plans and post-employment medical plans, the Group is exposed to a number of risks. The most significant of which are detailed below:
i) Liquidity risk
The plan liabilities are unfunded and as a result, there is a risk of the Group not having the required cash flow to fund future defined benefit obligations as they fall due.
ii) Inflation risk
This is the risk of an unexpected significant rise/fall of market interest rates. A rise leads to a fall in long term asset values and a rise in liability values.
iii) Life expectancy
The majority of the plans' obligations are to provide benefits for the life of the member, so increases in life expectancy will result in an increase in the plans' liabilities. This is particularly significant, where inflationary increases result in higher sensitivity to changes in life expectancy.
28. Trade and other payables
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Trade payable | 19,191 | 32,983 | 62,758 | 108,140 |
| Accruals and other payables | 45,570 | 25,447 | 149,020 | 83,430 |
| Pension payable | 55 | 127 | 180 | 419 |
| NDDC levy | 2,564 | 6 | 8,383 | 19 |
| Deferred revenue | 41,970 | 10,727 | 137,248 | 35,171 |
| Royalties | 16,209 | 10,476 | 53,004 | 34,349 |
| 125,559 | 79,766 | 410,593 | 261,528 |
Included in accruals and other payables are field-related accruals of ₦17.1 billion, 2016: ₦10.7 billion (US$56 million, 2016: US$35 million) and other vendor payables of ₦28.7 billion, 2016: ₦14.9 billion (US$94 million, 2016: US$49 million). Deferred revenue includes advance payments for crude oil sales of ₦41 billion, 2016: ₦10 billion (US$136 million, 2016: US$34 million) and royalties include accruals in respect of gas sales for which payment is outstanding at the end of the year.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
29. Earnings/(loss) per share (EPS/LPS)
Basic
Basic EPS/LPS is calculated on the Group's profit or loss after taxation attributable to the parent entity and on the basis of weighted average of issued and fully paid ordinary shares at the end of the year.
Diluted
Diluted EPS/LPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares (arising from outstanding share awards in the share based payment scheme) into ordinary shares.
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Profit/(loss) for the year attributable to equity holders of the parent | 81,111 | (44,921) | 265,230 | (164,590) |
| Shares '000 | Shares '000 | Shares '000 | Shares '000 | |
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue | 563,445 | 563,445 | 563,445 | 563,445 |
| Share awards | 8,206 | 1,540 | 8,206 | 1,540 |
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares adjusted for the effect of dilution | 571,651 | 564,985 | 571,651 | 564,985 |
| ₦ | ₦ | US$ | US$ | |
| Basic earnings/(loss) per share | 143.96 | (79.73) | 0.47 | (0.29) |
| Diluted earnings/(loss) per share | 141.89 | (79.51) | 0.46 | (0.29) |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Profit/(loss) attributable to equity holders of the parent | 81,111 | (44,921) | 265,230 | (164,590) |
| Profit/(loss) used in determining diluted earnings/(loss) per share | 81,111 | (44,921) | 265,230 | (164,590) |
30. Dividends paid and proposed
As at 31 December 2017, final dividend proposed was nil for the Group (2016: Nil).
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Cash dividends on ordinary shares declared and paid: | ||||
| Interim dividend for 2017: US$ Nil per share, 563,444,561 shares in issue (2016: ₦9.13, US$ 0.04per share, 563,444,561 shares in issue) |
- | 5,118 | - | 22,534 |
| Final dividend for 2017: US$ Nil per share, 563,444,561 shares in issue (2016: : ₦Nil, US$ Nil per share, 563,444,561 shares in issue) |
- | - | - | - |
| Total | 5,118 | - | 22,534 | |
| Proposed dividends on ordinary shares: | ||||
| Total cash dividend for 2017: ₦ Nil (US$ Nil) per share (2016: ₦ Nil, US$ 0.04 per share) | 5,118 | - | 22,423 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
31. Related party relationships and transactions
The Group is controlled by Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc (the parent Company). The parent Company is owned 8.39% either directly or by entities controlled by A.B.C Orjiako (SPDCL(BVI)) and members of his family and 13.23% either directly or by entities controlled by Austin Avuru (Professional Support Limited and Platform Petroleum Limited). The remaining shares in the parent Company are widely held.
31a. Related party relationships
The services provided by the related parties:
Abbeycourt Trading Company Limited: the Chairman of Seplat is a director and shareholder. The company provides diesel supplies to Seplat in respect of Seplat's rig operations.
Berwick Nigeria Limited: The chairman of Seplat is a shareholder and director. The company provides construction services to Seplat in relation to a field base station in Sapele.
Cardinal Drilling Services Limited (formerly Caroil Drilling Nigeria Limited): Is owned by common shareholders with the parent Company. The company provides drilling rigs and drilling services to Seplat.
Charismond Nigeria Limited: The sister to the CEO works as a General Manager. The company provides administrative services including stationary and other general supplies to the field locations.
Helko Nigeria Limited: The chairman of Seplat is shareholder and director. The company owns the lease to Seplat's main office at 25A Lugard Avenue, Lagos, Nigeria.
Keco Nigeria Enterprises: The Chief Executive Officer's sister is shareholder and director. The company provides diesel supplies to Seplat in respect of its rig operations.
Montego Upstream Services Limited: The chairman's nephew is shareholder and director. The company provides drilling and engineering services to Seplat.
Nabila Resources & Investment Ltd: The chairman's in-law is a shareholder and director. The company provides lubricant to Seplat.
Stage leasing (Ndosumili Ventures Limited): is a subsidiary of Platform Petroleum Limited. The company provides transportation services to Seplat.
Neimeth International Pharmaceutical Plc: The chairman of Seplat is also the chairman of this company. The company provides medical supplies and drugs to Seplat, which are used in connection with Seplat's corporate social responsibility and community healthcare programmes.
Nerine Support Services Limited: Is owned by common shareholders with the parent company. Seplat leases a warehouse from Nerine and the company provides agency and contract workers to Seplat.
Oriental Catering Services Limited: The Chief Executive Officer of Seplat's spouse is shareholder and director. The company provides catering services to Seplat at the staff canteen.
ResourcePro Inter Solutions Limited: The Chief Executive Officer of Seplat's in-law is its UK representative. The company supplies furniture to Seplat.
Shebah Petroleum Development Company Limited ('BVI'): The Chairman of Seplat is a director and shareholder of SPDCL(BVI). The company provided consulting services to Seplat.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
The following transactions were carried by Seplat with related parties:
31b. Related party transactions
Year-end balances arising from related party transactions
i) Purchases of goods and services
| ` | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Shareholders of the parent company | ||||
| SPDCL (BVI) | 413 | 358 | 1,350 | 1,364 |
| Total | 413 | 358 | 1,350 | 1,364 |
| Entities controlled by key management personnel: | ||||
| Contracts > $1million in 2017 | ||||
| Nerine Support Services Limited* | 2,161 | 3,948 | 7,066 | 14,991 |
| Cardinal Drilling Services Limited | 1,001 | 1,543 | 3,272 | 6,931 |
| Helko Nigeria Limited | 444 | 560 | 1,453 | 1,976 |
| 3,606 | 6,051 | 11,791 | 23,898 | |
| Contracts < $1million in 2017 | ||||
| Montego Upstream Services Limited | 131 | 2,937 | 427 | 13,513 |
| Abbeycourt Trading Company Limited | 199 | 164 | 650 | 598 |
| Oriental Catering Services Limited | 159 | 148 | 520 | 579 |
| Keco Nigeria Enterprises | 110 | 77 | 361 | 259 |
| ResourcePro Inter Solutions Limited | 9 | 17 | 31 | 81 |
| Nabila Resources & Investment Ltd | - | 17 | - | 58 |
| Berwick Nigeria Limited | - | 6 | - | 28 |
| Neimeth International Pharmaceutical Plc | 1 | 3 | 2 | 10 |
| Charismond Nigeria Limited | 17 | - | 55 | - |
| Stage leasing(formerly Ndosumuli Venture Limited) | 171 | 422 | 560 | 1,729 |
| 797 | 3,791 | 2,606 | 16,855 | |
| 4,403 | 9,842 | 14,397 | 40,753 |
e
* Nerine on average charges a mark-up of 7.5% on agency and contract workers assigned to Seplat. The amounts shown above are gross i.e. it includes salaries and Nerine's mark-up. Total costs for agency and contracts during 2017 is ₦1.4 billion, 2016: ₦2.4 billion (US$4.6 million, 2016: US$7.9million).
31c. Balances:
Year-end balances arising from related party transactions
i) Prepayments / receivables
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Entities controlled by key management personnel | ||||
| Cardinal Drilling Services Limited - current portion | 1,681 | 1,894 | 5,498 | 6,211 |
| Cardinal Drilling Services Limited - non-current portion | - | - | - | - |
| 1,681 | 1,894 | 5,498 | 6,211 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
ii) Payables
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Entities controlled by key management personnel | ||||
| Montego Upstream Services Limited | 115 | 3,520 | 375 | 11,540 |
| Nerine Support Services Limited | 2 | 3,480 | 8 | 11,411 |
| Keco Nigeria Enterprises | 8 | 25 | - | |
| Cardinal Drilling Services Limited | 292 | 308 | 954 | 1,009 |
| 417 | 7,308 | 1,362 | 23,960 |
32. Information relating to employees
32a. Key management compensation
Key management includes executive and members of the leadership team. The compensation paid or payable to key management for employee services is shown below:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Salaries and other short-term employee benefits | 5,221 | 1,252 | 17,117 | 4,104 |
| Post-employment benefits | 53 | 214 | 172 | 700 |
| Share based payment expenses | 87 | 88 | 283 | 289 |
| 5,361 | 1,554 | 17,572 | 5,093 |
32b. Chairman and Directors' emoluments
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Chairman (Non-executive) | 342 | 279 | 1,118 | 1,116 |
| Chief Executive Officer | 476 | 405 | 1,557 | 1,644 |
| Executive Directors | 284 | 458 | 928 | 1,858 |
| Non-Executive Directors | 580 | 662 | 1,897 | 2,652 |
| Bonus* | 632 | - | 2,067 | - |
| JV Partner Share | (418) | (587) | (1,367) | (1,926) |
| Total | 1,896 | 1,217 | 6,200 | 5,344 |
*This relates to 2017 accrued bonus to be paid in 2018 and 2016 bonus paid in 2017. Out of this amount, ₦401 million, 2016: nil million (US$1.3 million, 2016: US$ nil million) relates to 2017 accrued bonus to be paid in 2018 and ₦231 million, 2016: ₦nil million (US$0.7 million, 2016: US$ nil) relates to 2016 bonus accrued and paid in 2017.
32c. Highest paid Director
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Highest paid Director | 476 | 405 | 1,557 | 1,644 |
Emoluments are inclusive of income taxes.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
32d. The number of Directors (excluding the Chairman) whose emoluments fell within the following ranges was:
| 2017 | 2016 | |
| Number | Number | |
| Zero - ₦ 19,878,000 | - | - |
| ₦19,878,001 - ₦115,597,000 | 8 | 7 |
| ₦115,597,001 - ₦157,799,000 | 1 | 1 |
| Above ₦157,799,000 | 3 | 3 |
| 12 | 11 |
| 2017 | 2016 | |
| Number | Number | |
| Zero - US$65,000 | - | - |
| US$65,001 - US$378,000 | 8 | 7 |
| US$378,001 - US$516,000 | 1 | 1 |
| Above US$516,000 | 3 | 3 |
| 12 | 11 |
32e. Employees
The number of employees (other than the Directors) whose duties were wholly or mainly discharged within Nigeria, and who earned over ₦1,988,000 (US$6,500), received remuneration (excluding pension contributions) in the following ranges:
| 2017 | 2016 | |
| Number | Number | |
| ₦1,988,000 - ₦4,893,000 | 7 | 1 |
| ₦4,893,001 - ₦9,786,000 | 21 | 33 |
| ₦9,786,001 - ₦14,679,000 | 102 | 136 |
| Above ₦14,679,000 | 269 | 220 |
| 399 | 390 |
| 2017 | 2016 | |
| Number | Number | |
| US$6,500 - US$16,000 | 7 | 1 |
| US$16,001 - US$32,000 | 21 | 33 |
| US$32,001 - US$48,000 | 102 | 136 |
| Above US$48,000 | 269 | 220 |
| 399 | 390 |
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
32f. The average number of persons (excluding Directors) in employment during the year was as follows:
| 2017 | 2016 | |
| Number | Number | |
| Senior management | 33 | 15 |
| Managers | 65 | 78 |
| Senior staff | 162 | 110 |
| Junior staff | 145 | 187 |
| 405 | 390 |
32g. Employee cost
Seplat's staff costs (excluding pension contribution) in respect of the above employees amounted to the following:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Salaries & wages | 5,326 | 9,330 | 17,417 | 20,055 |
| 5,326 | 9,330 | 17,417 | 20,055 |
33. Commitments and contingencies
33a. Operating lease commitments - Group as lessee
The Group leases drilling rigs, buildings, land, boats and storage facilities. The lease terms are between 1 and 5 years. The operating lease commitments of the Group as at 31 December 2017 are:
| Operating lease commitments | As at 31 Dec 2017 |
As at 31 Dec 2016 | As at 31 Dec 2017 |
As at 31 Dec 2016 |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | $'000 | $'000 | |
| Not later than one year | 728 | 308 | 2,382 | 1,011 |
| Later than one year and not later than five years | 565 | 1,146 | 1,846 | 3,757 |
| 1,293 | 1,454 | 4,228 | 4,768 |
33b. Contingent liabilities
The Group is involved in a number of legal suits as defendant. The estimated value of the contingent liabilities for the year ended 31 December 2017 is ₦5.1 billion, 2016: ₦4.7 billion (US$ 18.7 million, 2016: US$15.5 million). No provision has been made for this potential liability in these financial statements. Management and the Group's solicitors are of the opinion that the Group will suffer no loss from these claims.
Notes to the consolidated financial statements
Continued
34. Events after the reporting period
The Group confirmed that proceedings have begun in the English High Court against its wholly owned subsidiary, Newton Energy Limited, by Crestar Natural Resources Limited, relating to the deposit of ₦6.2 billion (US$20.5 million) currently held in an escrow account.
The potential acquisition of an interest in OML 25 was initially identified in 2014 at which time the Group placed a sum of ₦138 billion (US$453million) as a deposit towards the potential investment. However, after material delays, ₦112 billion (US$368 million) was returned to the Group in July 2015, certain events then led to renewed efforts by the consortium to secure the asset and to the Group providing the escrow monies. See Note 19c for further details.
Furthermore, the Group paid ₦3.4 billion (US$11 million) to Crestar for past costs and a ₦13.7 billion (US$45 million) deposit remains with the potential vendor of the asset. Crestar alleges bad faith conduct by Seplat's subsidiary, Newton Energy Limited with regards to the Group's request for the escrow monies to be released to Seplat. Seplat has emphasised that it intends to defend the claim vigorously and further announcement, if appropriate, will be made in due course.
On 1 February, 2018, the issued share capital increased by 25,000,000 shares in furtherance of the Group's Long Term Incentive Plan after approval was received from the regulators. Seplat's share capital now consists of 588,444,561 ordinary shares of ₦0.50k each, all with voting rights.
There was no other significant event after the statement of financial position date which could have a material effect on the state of affairs of the Group as at 31 December 2016 and on the profit or loss for the year ended on that date, which have not been adequately provided for or disclosed in these financial statements.
Statement of value added
For the year ended 31 December 2017
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |||||
| ₦ million | % | ₦ million | % | US$'000 | % | US$'000 | % | |
| Revenue | 138,281 | 63,384 | 452,179 | 254,217 | ||||
| Finance income | 1,326 | 15,800 | 4,335 | 59,017 | ||||
| Cost of goods and other services: | ||||||||
| Local | (41,757) | (52,735) | (136,543) | (198,817) | ||||
| Foreign | (27,838) | (35,157) | (91,028) | (132,544) | ||||
| Valued added/(eroded) | 70,012 | 100% | (8,708) | 100% | 228,943 | 100% | (18,127) | 100% |
Applied as follows:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |||||
| ₦ million | % | ₦ million | % | US$'000 | % | US$'000 | % | |
| To employees: - as salaries and labour related expenses |
7,925 | 11 | 5,340 | -61 | 25,917 | 11 | 20,869 | -115 |
| To external providers of capital: - as interest |
22,248 | 32 | 18,270 | -210 | 72,752 | 32 | 73,900 | -408 |
| To Government: - as Group taxes |
687 | 1 | 536 | -6 | 2,248 | 1 | 1,759 | -10 |
| Retained for the Group's future: - For asset replacement, depreciation, depletion & amortisation |
26,385 | 38 | 15,101 | -173 | 86,277 | 38 | 59,870 | -330 |
| Deferred tax credit | (68,344) | -98 | (2,571) | 30 | (223,481) | -98 | (8,431) | 47 |
| Profit/(loss) for the year | 81,111 | 116 | (45,384) | 521 | 265,230 | 116 | (166,094) | 916 |
| Valued added/(eroded) | 70,012 | 100% | (8,708) | 100% | 228,943 | 100% | (18,127) | 100% |
The value added/(eroded) represents the additional wealth which the Group has been able to create by its own and its employees' efforts. This statement shows the allocation of that wealth to employees, providers of finance, shareholders, government and that retained for the creation of future wealth.
Five year financial summary
As at 31 December 2017
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | |
| Revenue | 138,281 | 63,384 | 112,972 | 124,377 | 136,658 |
| Profit/(loss) before taxation | 13,454 | (47,419) | 17,243 | 40,481 | 71,032 |
| Income tax expense | 67,657 | 2,035 | (4,252) | - | 14,399 |
| Profit/(loss) for the year | 81,111 | (45,384) | 12,991 | 40,481 | 85,431 |
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | |
| Capital employed: | |||||
| Issued share capital | 283 | 283 | 282 | 277 | 200 |
| Share premium | 82,080 | 82,080 | 82,080 | 82,080 | - |
| Share based payment reserve | 4,332 | 2,597 | 1,729 | - | - |
| Capital contribution | 5,932 | 5,932 | 5,932 | 5,932 | 5,932 |
| Retained earnings | 166,149 | 85,052 | 134,919 | 135,727 | 106,992 |
| Foreign translation reserve | 200,870 | 200,429 | 56,182 | 35,642 | 591 |
| Non-controlling interest | - | - | (148) | - | - |
| Total equity | 459,646 | 376,373 | 280,976 | 259,658 | 113,715 |
| Represented by: | |||||
| Non-current assets | 539,672 | 462,402 | 295,735 | 182,162 | 107,852 |
| Current assets | 259,881 | 202,274 | 249,462 | 261,864 | 96,712 |
| Non-current liabilities | (131,925) | (141,473) | (131,786) | (48,247) | (22,391) |
| Current liabilities | (207,982) | (146,830) | (132,435) | (136,121) | (68,458) |
| Net assets | 459,646 | 376,373 | 280,976 | 259,658 | 113,715 |
Five year financial summary
As at 31 December 2017
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | |
| US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Revenue | 452,179 | 254,217 | 570,477 | 775,019 | 880,227 |
| Profit/(loss) before taxation | 43,997 | (172,766) | 87,079 | 252,253 | 457,523 |
| Income tax expense | 221,233 | 6,672 | (21,472) | - | 92,745 |
| Profit/(loss) for the year | 265,230 | (166,094) | 65,607 | 252,253 | 550,268 |
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | |
| US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Capital employed: | |||||
| Issued share capital | 1,826 | 1,826 | 1,821 | 1,798 | 1,334 |
| Share premium | 497,457 | 497,457 | 497,457 | 497,457 | - |
| Share based payment reserve | 17,809 | 12,135 | 8,734 | - | - |
| Capital contribution | 40,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 |
| Retained earnings | 944,108 | 678,922 | 865,483 | 869,861 | 690,807 |
| Foreign currency translation reserve | 1,897 | 3,675 | 325 | 26 | 58 |
| Non-controlling interest | - | - | (745) | - | - |
| Total equity | 1,503,097 | 1,234,015 | 1,413,075 | 1,409,142 | 732,199 |
| Represented by: | |||||
| Non-current assets | 1,764,789 | 1,516,073 | 1,487,307 | 988,576 | 694,558 |
| Current assets | 849,841 | 663,200 | 1,254,583 | 1,421,114 | 623,003 |
| Non-current liabilities | (431,407) | (463,847) | (662,774) | (261,834) | (144,271) |
| Current liabilities | (680,126) | (481,411) | (666,041) | (738,714) | (441,091) |
| Net assets | 1,503,097 | 1,234,015 | 1,413,075 | 1,409,142 | 732,199 |
Supplementary financial information (unaudited)
For the year ended 31 December 2017
35. Estimated quantities of proved plus probable reserves
| Oil & NGLs MMbbls |
Natural Gas Bscf |
Oil Equivalent MMboe |
|
| At 31 December 2016 | 195.4 | 1,544.1 | 461.6 |
| Revisions | 37.3 | (46.6) | 29.3 |
| Discoveries and extensions | - | - | - |
| Acquisitions | - | - | - |
| Production | (6.5) | (41.8) | (13.6) |
| At 31 December 2017 | 226.2 | 1,455.7 | 477.3 |
Reserves are those quantities of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquid that, upon analysis of geological and engineering data, appear with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions.
As additional information becomes available or conditions change, estimates are revised.
36. Capitalised costs related to oil producing activities
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Capitalised costs: | ||||
| Unproved properties | - | - | - | - |
| Proved properties | 508,314 | 463,043 | 1,662,243 | 1,518,174 |
| Total capitalised costs | 508,314 | 463,043 | 1,662,243 | 1,518,174 |
| Accumulated depreciation | 114,937 | 89,601 | 375,856 | 293,774 |
| Net capitalised costs | 393,377 | 373,442 | 1,286,387 | 1,224,400 |
Capitalised costs include the cost of equipment and facilities for oil producing activities. Unproved properties include capitalised costs for oil leaseholds under exploration, and uncompleted exploratory well costs, including exploratory wells under evaluation. Proved properties include capitalised costs for oil leaseholds holding proved reserves, development wells and related equipment and facilities (including uncompleted development well costs) and support equipment.
37. Concessions
The original, expired and unexpired terms of concessions granted to the Group as at 31 December 2017 are:
| Original | Term in years expired |
Unexpired | |||
| Seplat | OML 4, 38 & 41 | 10 | 8 | 2 | |
| Newton | OML 56 | 10 | 8 | 2 | |
| Seplat East Swamp | OML 53 | 30 | 20 | 10 | |
| Seplat Swamp | OML 55 | 30 | 20 | 10 |
Supplementary financial information (unaudited)
For the year ended 31 December 2017 - continued
38. Results of operations for oil producing activities
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Revenue | 138,281 | 63,384 | 452,179 | 254,217 |
| Other income | - | - | - | - |
| Production and administrative expenses | (99,725) | (97,120) | (326,100) | (372,657) |
| Depreciation & amortization | (25,102) | (13,683) | (82,082) | (54,326) |
| Profit/(loss) before taxation | 13,454 | (47,419) | 43,997 | (172,766) |
| Taxation | 67,657 | 2,035 | 221,233 | 6,672 |
| Profit/(loss) after taxation | 81,111 | (45,384) | 265,230 | (166,094) |
39. Reclassification
Certain comparative figures have been reclassified in line with the current year's presentation.
40. Exchange rates used in translating the accounts to Naira
The table below shows the exchange rates used in translating the accounts into Naira
| Basis | N/$ | |
| Fixed assets - opening balances | Historical rate | Historical |
| Fixed assets - additions | Average rate | 305.80 |
| Fixed assets - closing balances | Closing rate | 305.81 |
| Current assets | Closing rate | 305.81 |
| Current liabilities | Closing rate | 305.81 |
| Equity | Historical rate | Historical |
| Income and Expenses: | Overall Average rate | 305.81 |
Company Accounts For the year ended 31 December 2017
(Expressed in Naira and US Dollars)
Separate financial statements
Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income
For the year ended 31 December 2017
| 31 Dec 2017 | 31 Dec 2016 | 31 Dec 2017 | 31 Dec 2016 | ||
| Notes | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Revenue | 5 | 127,655 | 51,995 | 417,428 | 202,446 |
| Cost of sales | 6 | (67,666) | (36,048) | (221,258) | (157,333) |
| Gross profit | 59,989 | 15,947 | 196,170 | 45,113 | |
| General and administrative expenses | 7 | (15,321) | (23,017) | (50,095) | (92,629) |
| Gains/(losses) on foreign exchange (net) | 8 | 334 | (29,537) | 1,092 | (104,328) |
| Fair value loss | 9 | (5,931) | (2,186) | (19,393) | (12,455) |
| Operating profit/ (loss) | 39,071 | (38,793) | 127,774 | (164,299) | |
| Finance income | 10 | 11,924 | 26,846 | 38,992 | 94,139 |
| Finance costs | 10 | (22,236) | (17,314) | (72,710) | (68,751) |
| Profit/(loss) before taxation | 28,759 | (29,261) | 94,056 | (138,911) | |
| Taxation | 11 | 67,657 | 4,421 | 221,233 | 14,499 |
| Profit/(loss) for the year | 96,416 | (24,840) | 315,289 | (124,412) | |
| Other comprehensive income: | |||||
| Items that may be reclassified to profit or loss: | |||||
| Foreign currency translation difference | 1,027 | 147,881 | - | - | |
| Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss: | |||||
| Remeasurement of post-employment benefit obligations | 25b | (90) | 172 | (294) | 563 |
| Deferred tax assets on remeasurement of post-employment benefit obligations | 12a | 76 | - | 250 | - |
| Remeasurement of post-employment benefit obligations (net of tax) | (14) | 172 | (44) | 563 | |
| Other comprehensive income for the year(net of tax) | 1,013 | 148,053 | (44) | 563 | |
| Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year(net of tax) | 97,429 | 123,213 | 315,245 | (123,849) | |
| Earnings/(Loss) per share for (loss)/profit attributable to the ordinary equity holders of the Company: | |||||
| Basic earnings/(loss) per share ₦/(US$) | 27 | 171.12 | (44.09) | 0.56 | (0.22) |
| Diluted earnings/(loss) per share ₦/(US$) | 27 | 168.66 | (43.97) | 0.55 | (0.22) |
Notes 1 to 32 on pages 116 to 181 are an integral part of the financial statements.
Separate financial statements
Statement of financial position
As at 31 December 2017
| 31 Dec 2017 | 31 Dec 2016 | 31 Dec 2017 | 31 Dec 2016 | ||
| Notes | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| ASSETS | |||||
| Non-current assets | |||||
| Oil & gas properties | 14a | 278,841 | 264,626 | 911,839 | 867,627 |
| Other property, plant and equipment | 14b | 1,537 | 2,414 | 5,025 | 7,914 |
| Prepayments | 15 | 9,957 | 10,253 | 32,562 | 33,616 |
| Deferred tax assets | 12 | 68,417 | - | 223,731 | - |
| Investment in subsidiaries | 16 | 345 | 325 | 1,129 | 1,064 |
| Total non-current assets | 359,097 | 277,618 | 1,174,286 | 910,221 | |
| Current assets | |||||
| Inventories | 17 | 29,576 | 31,295 | 96,719 | 102,608 |
| Trade and other receivables | 18 | 327,528 | 326,046 | 1,071,044 | 1,069,003 |
| Prepayments | 15 | 513 | 1,983 | 1,674 | 6,500 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 19 | 117,220 | 44,950 | 383,321 | 147,377 |
| Total current assets | 474,837 | 404,274 | 1,552,758 | 1,325,488 | |
| Total assets | 833,934 | 681,892 | 2,727,044 | 2,235,709 | |
| EQUITY AND LIABILITIES | |||||
| Equity | |||||
| Issued share capital | 20 | 283 | 283 | 1,826 | 1,826 |
| Share premium | 20c | 82,080 | 82,080 | 497,457 | 497,457 |
| Share based payment reserve | 20b | 4,332 | 2,597 | 17,809 | 12,135 |
| Capital contribution | 21 | 5,932 | 5,932 | 40,000 | 40,000 |
| Retained earnings | 203,072 | 106,670 | 1,045,985 | 730,740 | |
| Foreign currency translation reserve | 194,526 | 193,499 | - | - | |
| Total shareholders' equity | 490,225 | 391,061 | 1,603,077 | 1,282,158 | |
| Non-current liabilities | |||||
| Interest bearing loans and borrowings | 23 | 93,170 | 136,060 | 304,677 | 446,098 |
| Provision for decommissioning obligation | 24 | 30,716 | 103 | 100,447 | 339 |
| Defined benefit plan | 25 | 1,994 | 1,559 | 6,518 | 5,112 |
| Total non-current liabilities | 125,880 | 137,722 | 411,642 | 451,549 | |
| Current liabilities | |||||
| Interest bearing loans and borrowings | 23 | 81,159 | 66,489 | 265,400 | 217,998 |
| Trade and other payables | 26 | 135,406 | 86,045 | 442,792 | 282,119 |
| Current taxation | 11 | 1,264 | 575 | 4,133 | 1,885 |
| Total current liabilities | 217,829 | 153,109 | 712,325 | 502,002 | |
| Total liabilities | 343,709 | 290,831 | 1,123,967 | 953,551 | |
| Total shareholders' equity and liabilities | 833,934 | 681,892 | 2,727,044 | 2,235,709 |
Notes 1 to 32 on pages 116 to 181 are an integral part of the financial statements
Separate statement of financial position continued
As at 31 December 2017
The financial statements of Seplat Development Company Plc for the year ended 31 December 2017 were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the Directors on 28 February 2018 and were signed on its behalf by:
| A. B. C. Orjiako | A. O. Avuru | R.T. Brown |
| FRC/2013/IODN/00000003161 | FRC/2013/IODN/00000003100 | FRC/2014/ANAN/00000017939 |
| Chairman | Chief Executive Officer | Chief Financial Officer |
| 28 February 2018 | 28 February 2018 | 28 February 2018 |
Separate financial statements
Statement of changes in equity
For the year ended 31 December 2017
| Issued Share Capital |
Share Premium |
Capital Contribution |
Share Based Payment Reserve |
Retained Earnings |
Foreign currency translation reserve | Total Equity |
||
| Notes | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | |
| At 1 January 2016 | 282 | 82,080 | 5,932 | 1,729 | 136,456 | 45,618 | 272,097 | |
| Loss for the year | - | - | - | - | (24,840) | - | (24,840) | |
| Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | - | 172 | 147,881 | 148,053 | |
| Total comprehensive (loss) for the year | - | - | - | - | (24,668) | 147,881 | 123,213 | |
| Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners: | ||||||||
| Dividends | 28 | - | - | - | - | (5,118) | - | (5,118) |
| Share based payments | 20b | - | - | - | 869 | - | - | 869 |
| Issue of shares | 20b | 1 | - | - | (1) | - | - | - |
| Total | 1 | - | - | 868 | (5,118) | - | (4,249) | |
| At 31 December 2016 | 283 | 82,080 | 5,932 | 2,597 | 106,670 | 193,499 | 391,061 | |
| At 1 January 2017 | 283 | 82,080 | 5,932 | 2,597 | 106,670 | 193,499 | 391,061 | |
| Profit for the year | - | - | - | - | 96,416 | - | 96,416 | |
| Other comprehensive (loss)/income | - | - | - | - | (14) | 1,027 | 1,013 | |
| Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year | - | - | - | - | 96,402 | 1,027 | 97,429 | |
| Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners: | ||||||||
| Share based payments | 25b | - | - | - | 1,735 | - | 1,735 | |
| Total | - | - | - | 1,735 | - | 1,735 | ||
| At 31 December 2017 | 283 | 82,080 | 5,932 | 4,332 | 203,072 | 194,526 | 490,255 |
Notes 1 to 32 on pages 116 to 181 are an integral part of the financial statements.
Separate financial statements
Statement of changes in equity continued
For the year ended 31 December 2017
| Issued Share Capital |
Share Premium |
Capital Contribution |
Share Based Payment Reserve |
Retained Earnings |
Total Equity |
||
| Notes | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| At 1 January 2016 | 1,821 | 497,457 | 40,000 | 8,734 | 877,123 | 1,425,135 | |
| Loss for the year | - | - | - | - | (124,412) | (124,412) | |
| Other comprehensive income | - | - | - | - | 563 | 563 | |
| otal comprehensive (loss) for the year | - | - | - | - | (123,849) | (123,849) | |
| Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners: | |||||||
| Dividends | 28 | - | - | - | - | (22,534) | (22,534) |
| Share based payments | 20b | - | - | - | 3,406 | - | 3,406 |
| Issue of shares | 20b | 5 | - | - | (5) | - | - |
| Total | 5 | - | - | 3,401 | (22,534) | (19,128) | |
| At 31 December 2016 | 1,826 | 497,457 | 40,000 | 12,135 | 730,740 | 1,282,158 | |
| At 1 January 2017 | 1,826 | 497,457 | 40,000 | 12,135 | 730,740 | 1,282,158 | |
| Profit for the year | - | - | - | - | 315,289 | 315,289 | |
| Other comprehensive loss | - | - | - | - | (44) | (44) | |
| Total comprehensive income/(loss) for the year | - | - | - | - | 315,245 | 315,245 | |
| Transactions with owners in their capacity as owners: | |||||||
| Share based payments | 25b | - | - | - | 5,674 | - | 5,674 |
| Total | - | - | 5,674 | - | 5,674 | ||
| At 31 December 2017 | 1,826 | 497,457 | 40,000 | 17,809 | 1,045,985 | 1,603,077 |
Notes 1 to 32 on pages 116 to 181 are an integral part of the financial statements.
Separate statement of cash flows
For the year ended 31 December 2017
| 31 Dec 2017 | 31 Dec 2016 | 31 Dec 2017 | 31 Dec 2016 | ||
| Notes | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Cash flows from operating activities | |||||
| Cash generated from operations | 13 | 118,577 | 37,258 | 387,760 | 156,907 |
| Receipts from derivatives | - | 3,275 | - | 10,739 | |
| Defined benefits paid | (163) | (74) | (532) | (242) | |
| Net cash inflows from operating activities | 118,414 | 40,459 | 387,228 | 167,404 | |
| Cash flows from investing activities | |||||
| Investment in oil and gas properties | (4,818) | (15,805) | (15,756) | (51,834) | |
| Investment in other property, plant and equipment | (441) | (992) | (1,442) | (2,352) | |
| Investment in subsidiary | 16 | (20) | - | (65) | - |
| Proceeds from disposal of other property plant and equipment | 50 | 151 | 162 | 385 | |
| Proceeds from sale of other asset | - | - | - | - | |
| Interest received | 11,924 | 26,846 | 38,992 | 1,644 | |
| Net cash inflows/(outflows) from investing activities | 6,695 | 10,200 | 21,891 | (52,157) | |
| Cash flows from financing activities | |||||
| Repayments of bank financing | (29,970) | (43,774) | (98,000) | (187,000) | |
| Dividends paid | - | (5,118) | - | (22,534) | |
| Interest paid on bank financing | (21,213) | (17,227) | (69,366) | (68,421) | |
| Interest paid on crude oil advances | (1,770) | - | (5,789) | - | |
| Net cash inflows/(outflows) from financing activities | (52,953) | (66,119) | (173,155) | (277,955) | |
| Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 72,156 | (15,460) | 235,964 | (162,708) | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 44,950 | 62,908 | 147,377 | 316,374 | |
| Effects of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | 114 | (2,498) | (20) | (6,289) | |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 19 | 117,220 | 44,950 | 383,321 | 147,377 |
Notes 1 to 32 on pages 116 to 181 are an integral part of the financial statements.
Notes to the separate financial statements
1. Corporate information and business
Seplat Petroleum Development Company Plc ('Seplat' or the 'Company') was incorporated on 17 June 2009 as a private limited liability company and re-registered as a public company on 3 October 2014, under the Companies and Allied Matters Act, CAP C20, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. The Company commenced operations on 1 August 2010. The Company is principally engaged in oil and gas exploration and production.
The Company's registered address is: 25a Lugard Avenue, Ikoyi, Lagos, Nigeria.
The Company acquired, pursuant to an agreement for assignment dated 31 January 2010 between the Company, SPDC, TOTAL and AGIP, a 45% participating interest in the following producing assets:
OML 4, OML 38 and OML 41 located in Nigeria. The total purchase price for these assets was US$340 million (N 104 billion) paid at the completion of the acquisition on 31 July 2010 and a contingent payment of US$33 million (N 10 billion) payable 30 days after the second anniversary, 31 July 2012, if the average price per barrel of Brent Crude oil over the period from acquisition up to 31 July 2012 exceeds US$80 (N 24,464) per barrel. US$358.6 million (N 110 billion) was allocated to the producing assets including US$18.6 million (N 5.7 billion) as the fair value of the contingent consideration as calculated on acquisition date. The contingent consideration of US$33 million (N 10 billion) was paid on 22 October 2012.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
2. Summary of significant accounting policies
2.1 Introduction to summary of significant accounting policies
| During the reporting period ended 31 December 2017, the Company renegotiated its lending arrangements resulting in a twelve month extension of its revolving credit facility till 31 December 2018. Force majeure was also lifted in the period and as a result the Company significantly increased its production volumes. The Company continued its efforts towards securing alternative evacuation routes to ensure sustained growth in production volumes. | |
| Resumption of exports via the Forcados terminal, has strengthened the Company's financial performance and position during the period ended 31 December 2017. |
2.2 Basis of preparation
i) Compliance with IFRS
The financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2017 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS") and interpretations issued by the IFRS Interpretations Committee (IFRS IC) applicable to companies reporting under IFRS. The financial statements comply with IFRS as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Additional information required by National regulations is included where appropriate.
The financial statements comprise the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, the statement of financial position, the statement of changes in equity, the statement of cash flows and the notes to the financial statements.
ii) Historical cost convention
The financial information has been prepared under the going concern assumption and historical cost convention, except financial instruments on initial recognition measured at fair value. The financial statements are presented in Nigerian Naira and US Dollars and all values are rounded to the nearest thousand (N'million and US$'000), except when otherwise indicated.
iii) Going concern
Nothing has come to the attention of the directors to indicate that the Company will not remain a going concern for at least twelve months from the date of this statement.
iv) New and amended standards adopted by the Company
There were a number of new standards and amendments to standards that are effective for annual periods beginning after 1 January 2017; the Company has adopted these new or amended standards in its financial statements. The nature and impact of the new standards and amendments to the standards are described below.
Other than the changes described below, the accounting policies adopted are consistent with those of the previous financial year.
a. Disclosure initiative - Amendments to IAS 7
The Company is now required to explain changes in their liabilities arising from financing activities. This includes changes arising from cash flows (e.g. drawdowns and repayments of borrowings) and non-cash changes such as acquisitions, disposals, accretion of interest and unrealised exchange differences.
Changes in financial assets are included in this disclosure if the cash flows were, or are, included in cash flows from financing activities. This is the case, for example, for assets that hedge liabilities arising from financing liabilities.
The Company may include changes in other items as part of this disclosure, for example by providing a 'net debt' reconciliation. However, in this case the changes in the other items are disclosed separately from the changes in liabilities arising from financing activities.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
The Company discloses this information in tabular format as a reconciliation from opening and closing balances. There were no other standards adopted that had a material impact on the financial statements.
The Company discloses this information in Note 23.
v) New standards and interpretations not yet adopted
Certain new accounting standards and interpretations have been published that are not mandatory for 31 December 2017 reporting periods and have not been early adopted by the Company. The Company's assessment of the impact of these new standards and interpretations is set out below.
| Title of standard | IFRS 9 Financial Instruments |
| Nature of change | IFRS 9 Financial instruments addresses the classification, measurement and de-recognition of financial assets and financial liabilities, and introduces new rules for hedge accounting and a new impairment model for financial assets. It replaces the guidance in IAS 39 that relates to the classification and measurement of financial instruments. |
| Impact | The Company has reviewed its financial assets and liabilities and is expecting the following impact from the adoption of the new standard on 1 January 2018: Classification and measurement: From the results, the Company does not expect the new guidance to have a significant impact on the classification and measurement of its financial assets which are all currently classified as loans and receivables and are measured at amortised cost. IFRS 9 retains but simplifies the mixed measurement model and establishes three (3) primary measurement categories for financial assets: amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income and fair value through profit or loss. The basis of classification depends on the entity's business model and the contractual cash flow characteristics of the financial asset. The financial assets currently classified as loans and receivables in the financial statement will satisfy the conditions for classification at amortised cost under IFRS 9. There will be no impact on the Company's accounting for financial liabilities, as the new requirements only affect financial liabilities that are designated at fair value through profit or loss and the Company does not have such liabilities. The de-recognition rules have been transferred from IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement and have not been changed. Impairment of financial assets: The new impairment model requires the recognition of impairment provisions based on expected credit losses (ECL) which considers more forward looking information in establishing a provision for impairment. It applies to financial assets classified at amortised cost and contract assets under IFRS 15: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Based on assessments undertaken on the Company's portfolio of impaired NPDC receivables, it estimates that on adoption of the new principles on 1 January 2018, loss allowance for NPDC receivables would increase by approximately US$1.6 million (N 489 million) at that date and retained earnings would decrease by the same amount. The loss allowance is an estimated value which is subject to change in the 2018 financial statements. Hedge Accounting: The new hedge accounting rules will align the accounting for hedging instruments more closely with the Company's risk management practices. As a general rule, more hedge relationships might be eligible for hedge accounting, as the standard introduces a more principles-based approach. The Company does not expect a significant impact on the accounting for its hedging relationships as a result of the adoption of IFRS 9, as they have not formally elected to apply hedge accounting. Disclosures: The new standard also introduces expanded disclosure requirements and changes in presentation. These are expected to change the nature and extent of the Company's disclosures about its financial instruments particularly in the year of the adoption of the new standard. |
| Impact | |
| Date of adoption | The Company will apply the new rules retrospectively from 1 January 2018. Comparatives for 2017 will not be restated. |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
| Title of standard | IFRS 15 Revenue from contracts with customers |
| Nature of change | The IASB has issued a new standard for the recognition of revenue. This will replace IAS 18 which covers contracts for goods and services and IAS 11 which covers construction contracts. The new standard introduces a five step model approach which is based on the principle that revenue is recognised when control of a good or service transfers to a customer. The Company will recognise revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. |
| Impact | Management has assessed the effects of applying the new standard on the Company's financial statements and has identified the following areas that will be affected: Accounting for under lifts and over lifts: IFRS 15 is applicable only if the counterparty to the contract is a customer. The standard defines a customer as a party that has contracts with an entity to obtain goods or services that are an output of the entity's ordinary activities. IFRS 15 makes a distinction between customers and partners or collaborators who share in the risks and benefits that result from the activity or process. Since the Joint Venture (JV) partners do not meet the definition of a customer, over lifts and under lifts should not be recognised as revenue from contracts with customers. In addition, even if the partner meets the definition of a customer, the transaction would still be outside the scope of the standard since the transaction is a non-monetary exchange (exchange of crude oil for crude oil). The Company estimates that on adoption of the new principles on 1 January 2018, revenue would increase by N7 billion (US$24 million) and cost of sales would increase by the same amount, as a result of the accounting for overlifts and underlifts. Accounting for consideration payable to the customer: The standard requires that an entity accounts for consideration payable to a customer as a reduction of the transaction price and, therefore, net of revenue unless the payment to the customer is in exchange for a distinct good or service that the customer transfers to the entity. If the amount of consideration payable to the customer exceeds the fair value of the distinct good or service that the entity receives from the customer, then the entity accounts for such an excess as a reduction of the transaction price. If the entity cannot reasonably estimate the fair value of the good or service received from the customer, it accounts for all of the consideration payable to the customer as a reduction of the transaction price. The Company incurs barging costs in the course of the satisfaction of its performance obligations i.e. delivery of crude oil and gas. These costs do not transfer any distinct good or service to Seplat and as such represent consideration payable to customer and will be accounted for as a direct deduction from revenue when Seplat recognises revenue for the delivery of crude oil and gas. The Company estimates that on adoption of the new principles as at 1 January 2018, revenue would reduce by an additional N2.7 billion (US$9 million) as a result of barging costs reclassified from general and administrative expenses Presentation of contract assets and contract liabilities on the balance sheet: IFRS 15 requires the separate presentation of contract assets and contract liabilities on the balance sheet. On adoption of the new principles as at 1 January 2018, it would result in a reclassification of advances for future oil sales amounting to N41 billion (US$136 million) which are currently included in deferred revenue to contract liabilities. The estimated impact in revenue on adoption of the new principles of IFRS 15 is subject to change in the 2018 financial statements. |
| Date of adoption | The Company will adopt the new standard on 1 January 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. |
| Title of standard | IFRS 16 Leases |
| Nature of change | IFRS 16 was issued in January 2016. It will result in almost all leases being recognised on the balance sheet, as the distinction between operating and finance leases is removed. Under the new standard, an asset (the right to use the leased item) and a financial liability to pay rentals are recognised. The only exceptions are short-term and low-value leases. The accounting for lessors will not significantly change. |
| Impact | Operating leases: The standard will affect primarily the accounting for the Company's operating leases which include leases of buildings, boats, storage facilities, rigs, land and motor vehicles. As at the reporting date, the Company has non-cancellable operating lease commitments of ₦1.3 billion (US$4.2 million). A Right of use asset and lease liability will be recognised for these commitments. As at the reporting period, the full extent of the impact is yet to be quantified for the affected leases. |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
| Impact | Short term leases & Low value leases: The Company's one-year contracts with no planned extension commitments mostly applicable to leased staff flats will be covered by the exception for short-term leases, while none of the Company's leases will be covered by the exception for low value leases. Service contracts: Some commitments such as contracts for the provision of drilling, cleaning and community services were identified as service contracts as they did not contain an identifiable asset which the Company had a right to control. It therefore did not qualify as leases under IFRS 16. |
| Date of adoption | The standard for leases is mandatory for financial years commencing on or after 1 January 2019. The Company does not intend to adopt the standard before its effective date. |
There are no other standards that are not yet effective and that would be expected to have a material impact on the Company.
2.3 Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the financial statements are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the subsidiaries operate ('the functional currency'), which is the US dollar. The financial statements are presented in US Dollars and Nigerian Naira.
The Company has chosen to show both presentation and functional currency side by side and this allowable by the regulator.
i) Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at year end exchange rates are generally recognised in profit or loss.
Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowings are presented in the statement of profit or loss, within finance costs. All other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in the statement of profit or loss on a net basis within other income or other expenses.
Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. Translation differences on assets and liabilities carried at fair value are reported as part of the fair value gain or loss in profit or loss or loss or other comprehensive income depending on where fair value gain or loss is reported.
2.4 Oil and gas accounting
i) Pre-license costs
Pre-license costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.
ii) Exploration license cost
Exploration license costs are capitalised within oil and gas properties. License costs paid in connection with a right to explore in an existing exploration area are capitalised and amortised on a straight-line basis over the life of the permit.
License costs are reviewed at each reporting date to confirm that there is no indication that the carrying amount exceeds the recoverable amount. This review includes confirming that exploration drilling is still under way or firmly planned, or that it has been determined, or work is under way to determine that the discovery is economically viable based on a range of technical and commercial considerations and sufficient progress is being made on establishing development plans and timing.
If no future activity is planned or the license has been relinquished or has expired, the carrying value of the license is written off through profit or loss.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
iii) Acquisition of producing assets
Upon acquisition of producing assets which do not constitute a business combination, the Company identifies and recognises the individual identifiable assets acquired (including those assets that meet the definition of, and recognition criteria for, intangible assets in IAS 38 Intangible Assets) and liabilities assumed.
The purchase price paid for the Company of assets is allocated to the individual identifiable assets and liabilities on the basis of their relative fair values at the date of purchase.
iv) Exploration and evaluation expenditures
Geological and geophysical exploration costs are charged to profit or loss as incurred.
Exploration and evaluation expenditures incurred by the entity are accumulated separately for each area of interest. Such expenditures comprise net direct costs and an appropriate portion of related overhead expenditure, but do not include general overheads or administrative expenditure that is not directly related to a particular area of interest. Each area of interest is limited to a size related to a known or probable hydrocarbon resource capable of supporting an oil operation.
Costs directly associated with an exploration well, exploratory stratigraphic test well and delineation wells are temporarily suspended (capitalised) until the drilling of the well is complete and the results have been evaluated. These costs include employee remuneration, materials and fuel used, rig costs, delay rentals and payments made to contractors. If hydrocarbons ('proved reserves') are not found, the exploration expenditure is written off as a dry hole and charged to profit or loss. If hydrocarbons are found, the costs continue to be capitalised.
Suspended exploration and evaluation expenditure in relation to each area of interest is carried forward as an asset provided that one of the following conditions is met:
· the costs are expected to be recouped through successful development and exploitation of the area of interest or alternatively, by its sale;
· exploration and/or evaluation activities in the area of interest have not, at the reporting date, reached a stage which permits a reasonable assessment of the existence or otherwise of economically; and
· recoverable reserves, and active and significant operations in, or in relation to, the area of interest are continuing.
Exploration and/or evaluation expenditures which fail to meet at least one of the conditions outlined above are written off. In the event that an area is subsequently abandoned or exploration activities do not lead to the discovery of proved or probable reserves, or if the Directors consider the expenditure to be of no value, any accumulated costs carried forward relating to the specified areas of interest are written off in the year in which the decision is made. While an area of interest is in the development phase, amortisation of development costs is not charged pending the commencement of production. Exploration and evaluation costs are transferred from the exploration and/or evaluation phase to the development phase upon commitment to a commercial development.
v) Development expenditures
Development expenditure incurred by the entity is accumulated separately for each area of interest in which economically recoverable reserves have been identified to the satisfaction of the Directors. Such expenditure comprises net direct costs and, in the same manner as for exploration and evaluation expenditure, an appropriate portion of related overhead expenditure directly related to the development property. All expenditure incurred prior to the commencement of commercial levels of production from each development property is carried forward to the extent to which recoupment is expected to be derived from the sale of production from the relevant development property.
2.5 Revenue recognition
Revenue arises from the sale of crude oil and gas. Revenue comprises the realised value of crude oil lifted by customers. Revenue is recognised when crude products are lifted by a third party (buyer) Free on Board ('FOB') at the Company's designated loading facility or lifting terminals. At the point of lifting, all risks and rewards are transferred to the buyer. Gas revenue is recognised when gas passes through the custody transfer point.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
i) Overlift and underlift
| The excess of the product sold during the period over the Company's ownership share of production is termed as an overlift and is accrued for as a liability and not as revenue. Conversely, an underlift is recognised as an asset and the corresponding revenue is also reported. | |
| Overlifts and underlifts are initially measured at the market price of oil at the date of lifting, consistent with the measurement of the sale and purchase. | |
| Subsequently, they are remeasured at the current market value. The change arising from this remeasurement is included in the profit or loss as revenue or cost of sales. |
2.6 Property, plant and equipment
Oil and gas properties and other plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.
The initial cost of an asset comprises its purchase price or construction cost, any costs directly attributable to bringing the asset into operation, the initial estimate of any decommissioning obligation and, for qualifying assets, borrowing costs. The purchase price or construction cost is the aggregate amount paid and the fair value of any other consideration given to acquire the asset. Where parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items of property, plant and equipment.
Expenditure on major maintenance refits or repairs comprises the cost of replacement assets or parts of assets, inspection costs and overhaul costs. Where an asset or part of an asset that was separately depreciated and is now written off is replaced and it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the entity, the expenditure is capitalised. Inspection costs associated with major maintenance programmes are capitalised and amortised over the period to the next inspection. Overhaul costs for major maintenance programmes are capitalised as incurred as long as these costs increase the efficiency of the unit or extend the useful life of the asset. All other maintenance costs are expensed as incurred.
i) Depreciation
Production and field facilities are depreciated on a unit-of-production basis over the estimated proved developed reserves. Assets under construction are not depreciated. Other property, plant and equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Depreciation commences when an asset is available for use. The depreciation rate for each class is as follows:
| Plant and machinery | 20% |
| Motor vehicles | 25% |
| Office furniture and IT equipment | 33.33% |
| Leasehold improvements | Over the unexpired portion of the lease |
The expected useful lives and residual values of property, plant and equipment are reviewed on an annual basis and, if necessary, changes in useful lives are accounted for prospectively.
2.7 Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.
Borrowing costs consist of interest and other costs incurred in connection with the borrowing of funds. These costs may arise from; specific borrowings used for the purpose of financing the construction of a qualifying asset, and those that arise from general borrowings that would have been avoided if the expenditure on the qualifying asset had not been made. The general borrowing costs attributable to an asset's construction is calculated by reference to the weighted average cost of general borrowings that are outstanding during the period.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on the qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation. All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.
2.8 Impairment of non-financial assets
Goodwill and intangible assets that have an indefinite useful life are not subject to amortisation and are tested annually for impairment, or more frequently. Other non -financial assets are tested for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.
Individual assets are grouped for impairment assessment purposes at the lowest level at which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets. This should be at a level not higher than an operating segment.
If any such indication of impairment exists or when annual impairment testing for an asset group is required, the entity makes an estimate of its recoverable amount. Such indicators include changes in the Company's business plans, changes in commodity prices, evidence of physical damage and, for oil and gas properties, significant downward revisions of estimated recoverable volumes or increases in estimated future development expenditure.
The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs of disposal ('FVLCD') and value in use ('VIU'). The recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely independent of those from other assets or group of assets, in which case, the asset is tested as part of a larger cash generating unit to it belongs. Where the carrying amount of an asset group exceeds its recoverable amount, the asset group is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.
Non-financial assets other than goodwill that suffered an impairment are reviewed for possible reversal of the impairment at the end of each reporting period.
In calculating VIU, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset/CGU. In determining FVLCD, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.
i) Impairment - exploration and evaluation assets
Exploration and evaluation assets are tested for impairment once commercial reserves are found before they are transferred to oil and gas assets, or whenever facts and circumstances indicate impairment. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the exploration and evaluation assets' carrying amount exceeds their recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of the exploration and evaluation assets' fair value less costs to sell and their value in use.
ii) Impairment - proved oil and gas production properties
Proven oil and gas properties are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows.
2.9 Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of cash flows comprise cash at banks and at hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of three months or less that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
2.10 Inventories
Inventories represent the value of tubulars, casing and wellheads. These are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined using the invoice value and all other directly attributable costs to bringing the inventory to the point of use determined on a first in first out basis. Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated costs of completion and the estimated cost necessary to make the sale.
2.11 Segment reporting
Segment reporting has not been prepared as the Company operates one segment, being the exploration, development and production of oil and gas related products located in Nigeria. Operations in the different OMLs are integrated due to geographic proximity, the use of shared infrastructure and common operational management.
2.12 Financial instruments
2.12.1 Financial assets
i) Financial assets initial recognition and measurement
The Company determines the classification of its financial assets at initial recognition.
All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus transaction costs, except in the case of financial assets recorded at fair value through profit or loss which do not include transaction costs. The Company's financial assets include cash and short-term deposits, trade and other receivables, favourable derivatives and loan and other receivables.
ii) Subsequent measurement
The subsequent measurement of financial assets depends on their classification, as follows:
Trade receivables, loans and other receivables
Trade receivables, loans and other receivables, which are non-derivative financial assets that have fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market, are classified as loans and receivables. They are included in the current assets, except for maturities greater than 12 months after the reporting date. The Company's loan and receivables comprise trade and other receivables in the consolidated historical financial information.
Loans and receivables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method net of any impairment.
A provision for impairment of trade receivables is established when there is objective evidence that the Company will not be able to collect all the amounts due according to the original terms of the receivable.
Significant financial difficulties of the debtor, probability that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganisation and default or delinquency in payments are considered as indicators that the trade receivable is impaired. The amount of the provision is the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate.
The carrying amount of the asset is reduced through the use of an allowance account, and the amount of the loss is recognised in profit or loss. When a trade is uncollectable, it is written off against the allowance account for trade receivables.
iii) Impairment of financial assets
The Company assesses at each reporting date whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. A financial asset or a group of financial assets is deemed to be impaired if there is objective evidence of impairment as a result of one or more events that has occurred since the initial recognition of the asset (an incurred loss event) and that loss event has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or the Group of financial assets that can be reliably estimated. Evidence of impairment may include indications that the debtor or a group of debtors is experiencing significant financial difficulty, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, the probability that they will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation and observable
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
data indicating that there is a measurable decrease in the estimated future cash flows, such as changes in arrears or economic conditions that correlate with defaults.
iv) Derecognition of financial assets
A financial asset is derecognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire. When an existing financial assets is transferred, the transfer qualifies for derecognition if the Company transfers the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset or retains the contractual rights to receive the cash flows of the financial asset, but assumes a contractual obligation to pay the cash flows to one or more recipients in an arrangement.
2.12.2 Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities in the scope of IAS 39 are classified as financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss, and financial liabilities at amortised cost as appropriate. The Company determines the classification of its financial liabilities at initial recognition.
i) Financial liabilities initial recognition and measurement
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings, net of directly attributable transaction costs.
The Company's financial liabilities include trade and other payables, bank overdrafts and loans and borrowings.
ii) Subsequent measurement
The measurement of financial liabilities depends on their classification as described below:
Trade payables
Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Trade payables are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities.
Trade payables are recognised initially at fair value and subsequently measured at amortised cost using effective interest method.
Borrowings
Borrowings are recognised initially at fair value, net of transaction costs incurred. Borrowings are subsequently carried at amortised cost while any difference between the proceeds (net of transaction costs) and the redemption value is recognised in the statement of profit or loss over the period of borrowings using the effective interest method.
Fees paid on establishment of loan facilities are recognised as transaction costs of the loan to the extent that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down. In this case, the fee is deferred until the draw down occurs. To the extent that there is no evidence that it is probable that some or all of the facility will be drawn down, the fee is capitalised as a pre-payment for liquidity services and amortised over the period of the facility to which it relates.
iii) Derecognition of financial liabilities
A financial liability is derecognised when the associated obligation is discharged or cancelled or expired. When an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as a derecognition of the original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in the statement of profit or loss.
2.12.3 Derivative financial instruments
The Company uses derivative financial instruments, such as forward exchange contracts, to hedge its foreign exchange risks as well as put options to hedge against its oil price risk. However, such contracts are not accounted for as designated hedges. Derivative financial instruments are initially recognised at fair value on the date on which a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at fair value. Derivatives are carried as financial assets when the fair value is positive and as financial liabilities when the fair value is negative. Any gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of derivatives are taken directly to profit or loss and presented within operating profit.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
Commodity contracts that were entered into and continue to be held for the purpose of the receipt or delivery of a non-financial item in accordance with the Company's expected purchase, sale or usage requirements fall within the exemption from IAS 32 and IAS 39, which is known as the 'normal purchase or sale exemption'. For these contracts and the host part of the contracts containing embedded derivatives, they are accounted for as executory contracts. The Company recognises such contracts in its statement of financial position only when one of the parties meets its obligation under the contract to deliver either cash or a non-financial asset. An analysis of fair values of financial instruments and further details as to how they are measured are provided in Note 4 financial risk management.
2.12.4 Fair value of financial instruments
The Company measures all financial instruments at initial recognition at fair value and financial instruments carried at fair value through profit and loss such as derivatives at fair value at reporting sheet date. From time to time, the fair values of non-financial assets and liabilities are required to be determined, e.g., when the entity acquires a business, or where an entity measures the recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit ('CGU') at FVLCD.
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
The fair value of an asset or a liability is measured using the assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the asset or liability, assuming that market participants act in their economic best interest.
A fair value measurement of a non-financial asset takes into account a market participant's ability to generate economic benefits by using the asset in its highest and best use or by selling it to another market participant that would use the asset in its highest and best use.
The Company uses valuation techniques that are appropriate in the circumstances and for which sufficient data are available to measure fair value, maximising the use of relevant observable inputs and minimising the use of unobservable inputs. From time to time external valuers are used to assess FVLCD of the Company's non-financial assets. Involvement of external valuers is decided upon by the valuation committee after discussion with and approval by the Company's Audit Committee. Selection criteria include market knowledge, reputation, independence and whether professional standards are maintained. Valuers are normally rotated every three years. The valuation committee decides, after discussions with the Company's external valuers, which valuation techniques and inputs to use for each case.
Changes in estimates and assumptions about these inputs could affect the reported fair value. The fair value of financial instruments that are traded in active markets at each reporting date is determined by reference to quoted market prices or dealer price quotations (bid price for long positions and ask price for short positions), without any deduction for transaction costs.
2.13 Share capital
Issued share capital has been translated at the exchange rate prevailing at the date of the transaction and is not retranslated subsequent to initial recognition.
2.14 Earnings and dividends per share
Basic EPS
Basic earnings per share is calculated on the Company's profit or loss after taxation and on the basis of weighted average of issued and fully paid ordinary shares at the end of the year.
Diluted EPS
Diluted EPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders (after adjusting for outstanding share options arising from the share based payment scheme) by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares into ordinary shares.
Dividends on ordinary shares are recognised as a liability in the period in which they are approved.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
2.15 Post-employment benefits
Defined contribution scheme
The Company contributes to a defined contribution scheme for its employees in compliance with the provisions of the Pension Reform Act 2014. The scheme is fully funded and is managed by licensed Pension Fund Administrators. Membership of the scheme is automatic upon commencement of duties at the Company. The Company's contributions to the defined contribution scheme are charged to the profit and loss account in the year to which they relate.
Employee benefits are all forms of consideration given by an entity in exchange for service rendered by employees or for the termination of employment. The Company operates a defined contribution plan and it is accounted for based on IAS 19 Employee benefits.
Defined contribution plans are post-employment benefit plans under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity (a fund) and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further contributions if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay all employee benefits relating to employee service in the current and prior periods. Under defined contribution plans the entity's legal or constructive obligation is limited to the amount that it agrees to contribute to the fund.
Thus, the amount of the post-employment benefits received by the employee is determined by the amount of contributions paid by an entity (and perhaps also the employee) to a post-employment benefit plan or to an insurance company, together with investment returns arising from the contributions. In consequence, actuarial risk (that benefits will be less than expected) and investment risk (that assets invested will be insufficient to meet expected benefits) fall, in substance, on the employee.
Defined benefit scheme
The Company operates a defined benefit gratuity plan, which requires contributions to be made to a separately administered fund. The Company also provides certain additional post-employment benefits to employees. These benefits are unfunded.
The cost of providing benefits under the defined benefit plan is determined using the projected unit credit method.
Remeasurements, comprising actuarial gains and losses, are recognised immediately in the statement of financial position with a corresponding debit or credit to retained earnings through OCI in the period in which they occur.
Remeasurements are not reclassified to profit or loss in subsequent periods.
Past service costs are recognised in profit or loss on the earlier of:
| ● | The date of the plan amendment or curtailment; and |
| ● | The date that the Company recognises related restructuring costs. |
Net interest is calculated by applying the discount rate to the net defined benefit obligation.
The Company recognises the following changes in the net defined benefit obligation under employee benefit expenses in general and administrative expenses.
| ● | Service costs comprises current service costs, past-service costs, gains and losses on curtailments and non-routine settlements. |
| ● | Net interest cost |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
2.16 Provisions
Provisions are recognised when (i) the Company has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events; (ii) it is probable that an outflow of economic resources will be required to settle the obligation as a whole; and (iii) the amount can be reliably estimated. Provisions are not recognised for future operating losses.
In measuring the provision:
· risks and uncertainties are taken into account;
· the provisions are discounted where the effects of the time value of money is considered to be material;
· when discounting is used, the increase of the provision over time is recognised as interest expense;
· future events such as changes in law and technology, are taken into account where there is subjective audit evidence that they will occur; and
· gains from expected disposal of assets are not taken into account, even if the expected disposal is closely linked to the event giving rise to the provision.
Decommissioning
Liabilities for decommissioning costs are recognised as a result of the constructive obligation of past practice in the oil and gas industry, when it is probable that an outflow of economic resources will be required to settle the liability and a reliable estimate can be made. The estimated costs, based on current requirements, technology and price levels, prevailing at the reporting date, are computed based on the latest assumptions as to the scope and method of abandonment.
Provisions are measured at the present value of management's best estimates of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognised as interest expense. The corresponding amount is capitalised as part of the oil and gas properties and is amortised on a unit-of-production basis as part of the depreciation, depletion and amortisation charge. Any adjustment arising from the estimated cost of the restoration and abandonment cost is capitalised, while the charge arising from the accretion of the discount applied to the expected expenditure is treated as a component of finance charges.
If the change in estimate results in an increase in the decommissioning provision and, therefore, an addition to the carrying value of the asset, the Company considers whether this is an indication of impairment of the asset as a whole, and if so, tests for impairment in accordance with IAS 36. If, for mature fields, the revised oil and gas assets net of decommissioning provisions exceed the recoverable value, that portion of the increase is charged directly to expense.
2.17 Contingencies
A contingent asset or contingent liability is a possible asset or obligation that arises from past events and whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of uncertain future events. The assessment of the existence of the contingencies will involve management judgement regarding the outcome of future events.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
2.18 Income taxation
i) Current income tax
The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, the tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.
The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of the tax laws enacted or substantively enacted at the balance sheet date in the country where Company operates and generates taxable income. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation. It establishes provisions where appropriate on the basis of amounts expected to be paid to the tax authorities.
Taxation on crude oil activities is provided in accordance with the Petroleum Profits Tax Act ('PPTA') CAP. P13 Vol. 13 LFN 2004 and on gas operations in accordance with the Companies Income Tax Act ('CITA') CAP. C21 Vol. 3 LFN 2004. Education tax is assessed at 2% of the assessable profits.
ii) Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised, using the liability method, on temporary differences arising between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the consolidated historical financial information and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit.
A deferred income tax charge is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax liability is settled.
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition (other than a business combination) of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit.
Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are offset when there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets against current tax liabilities and when the deferred income tax assets and liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either the same taxable entity or different taxable entities where there is an intention to settle the balances on a net basis.
iii) New tax regime
Effective 1 January 2013, the Company was granted the inter tax status incentive by the Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission for an initial three-year period and a further two-year period on approval. For the period the incentive applies, the Company is exempt from petroleum profits tax on crude oil profits (which would be otherwise taxed at 65.75%, to increase to 85% in 2018), corporate income tax on natural gas profits (currently taxed at 30 per cent.) and education tax of 2%.
2.19 Leases
The determination of whether an arrangement is, or contains, a lease is based on the substance of the arrangement at the inception date. The arrangement is assessed for whether fulfilment of the arrangement is dependent on the use of a specific asset or assets or the arrangement conveys a right to use the asset or assets, even if that right is not explicitly specified in an arrangement.
Leases in which a significant portion of the risks and rewards of ownership are not transferred to the Company as lessee are classified as operating leases. Payments made under operating leases (net of any incentives received from the lessor) are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the period of the lease.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
2.20 Share based payments
Employees (including senior executives) of the Company receive remuneration in the form of share-based payments, whereby employees render services as consideration for equity instruments (equity-settled transactions).
i) Equity-settled transactions
The cost of equity-settled transactions is determined by the fair value at the date when the grant is made using an appropriate valuation model.
That cost is recognised in employee benefits expense together with a corresponding increase in equity (other capital reserves), over the period in which the service and, where applicable, the performance conditions are fulfilled (the vesting period). The cumulative expense recognised for equity-settled transactions at each reporting date until the vesting date reflects the extent to which the vesting period has expired and the Company's best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. The expense or credit in profit or loss for a period represents the movement in cumulative expense recognised as at the beginning and end of that period.
Service and non-market performance conditions are not taken into account when determining the grant date and for fair value of awards, but the likelihood of the conditions being met is assessed as part of the Company's best estimate of the number of equity instruments that will ultimately vest. Market performance conditions are reflected within the grant date fair value. Any other conditions attached to an award, but without an associated service requirement, are considered to be non-vesting conditions. Non-vesting conditions are reflected in the fair value of an award and lead to an immediate expensing of an award unless there are also service and/or performance conditions.
No expense is recognised for awards that do not ultimately vest because non-market performance and/or service conditions have not been met. Where awards include a market or non-vesting condition, the transactions are treated as vested irrespective of whether the market or non-vesting condition is satisfied, provided that all other performance and/or service conditions are satisfied. When the terms of an equity-settled award are modified, the minimum expense recognised is the grant date fair value of the unmodified award, provided the original terms of the award are met. An additional expense, measured as at the date of modification, is recognised for any modification that increases the total fair value of the share-based payment transaction, or is otherwise beneficial to the employee. Where an award is cancelled by the entity or by the counterparty, any remaining element of the fair value of the award is expensed immediately through profit or loss. The dilutive effect of outstanding awards is reflected as additional share dilution in the computation of diluted earnings per share.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
3 Significant accounting judgements, estimates and assumptions
The preparation of the Company's historical financial information requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities, and the accompanying disclosures, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.
3.1 Judgements
In the process of applying the Company's accounting policies, management has made the following judgements, which have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the consolidated historical financial information:
i) OMLs 4, 38 and 41
OMLs 4, 38, 41 are grouped together as a cash generating unit for the purpose of impairment testing. These three OMLs are grouped together because they each cannot independently generate cash flows. They currently operate as a single block sharing resources for the purpose of generating cash flows. Crude oil and gas sold to third parties from these OMLs are invoiced together.
ii) New tax regime
As at the end of the year, the Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission is yet to approve the tax incentives for the additional two years of the tax holidays. The financial statements have been prepared on the assumption that the tax incentives may not be renewed and hence this forms the basis of the Company's current and deferred taxation in the financial statements. Deferred tax assets have been recognised during the year. Deferred tax liabilities were not recognised in current and prior reporting periods as the Company was not liable to make future income taxes payment in respect of taxable temporary differences.
iii) Foreign currency translation reserve
The Company has used the CBN rate to translate its Dollar currency to its Naira presentation currency. Management has determined that this rate is available for immediate delivery. If the rate used was 10% higher or lower, revenue in Naira would have increased/decreased by N 12.8 billion (2016: N 5.2 billion)
3.2 Estimates and assumptions
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are described below. The Company based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments may change due to market changes or circumstances arising that are beyond the control of the Company. Such changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.
i) NPDC receivables
In 2016, an impairment assessment was carried out on NPDC receivables using the future estimated cash flow expected to be recoverable from NPDC over the next eighteen months. The estimated future cash payments and receipts recoverable over the expected life of the receivable was discounted using Seplat's average borrowing cost of 8%. The resulting adjustment was recognised under general and administrative expenses in the statement of comprehensive income.
As at December 2017, management's reassessment of these receivables showed that the full value was is deemed to be fully recoverable. As a result, the previously recognised impairment loss was reversed. The total amount owed by NPDC as at 31 December 2017 is ₦34 billion, 2016: ₦72 billion (US$113 million, 2016: US$239 million).
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
ii) Defined benefit plans (pension benefits)
The cost of the defined benefit retirement plan and the present value of the retirement obligation are determined using actuarial valuations. An actuarial valuation involves making various assumptions that may differ from actual developments in the future. These include the determination of the discount rate, future salary increases, mortality rates and changes in inflation rates. Due to the complexities involved in the valuation and its long-term nature, a defined benefit obligation is highly sensitive to changes in these assumptions. All assumptions are reviewed at each reporting date. The parameter most subject to change is the discount rate. In determining the appropriate discount rate, management considers market yield on federal government bond in currencies consistent with the currencies of the post-employment benefit obligation and extrapolated as needed along the yield curve to correspond with the expected term of the defined benefit obligation. The rates of mortality assumed for employees are the rates published in 67/70 ultimate tables, published jointly by the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries in the UK.
iii) Oil and gas reserves
Proved oil and gas reserves are used in the units of production calculation for depletion as well as the determination of the timing of well closure for estimating decommissioning liabilities and impairment analysis. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating oil and gas reserves. Assumptions that are valid at the time of estimation may change significantly when new information becomes available. Changes in the forecast prices of commodities, exchange rates, production costs or recovery rates may change the economic status of reserves and may ultimately result in the reserves being restated.
iv) Share-based payment reserve
Estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions requires determination of the most appropriate valuation model, which depends on the terms and conditions of the grant. This estimate also requires determination of the most appropriate inputs to the valuation model including the expected life of the share award or appreciation right, volatility and dividend yield and making assumptions about them. The Company measures the fair value of equity-settled transactions with employees at the grant date. The assumptions and models used for estimating fair value for share-based payment transactions are disclosed in Note 20b.
The Company makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. Such estimates and assumptions are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
v) Provision for decommissioning obligations
Provisions for environmental clean-up and remediation costs associated with the Company's drilling operations are based on current constructions, technology, price levels and expected plans for remediation. Actual costs and cash outflows can differ from estimates because of changes in public expectations, prices, discovery and analysis of site conditions and changes in clean-up technology.
During the year, the Company undertook a detailed review of the assumptions used in calculating the provision for decommissioning liabilities and has revised its estimates at the end of the reporting period. This resulted in a change in inflation rate, risk-free discount rate and reserves estimate which increased the oil and gas properties and provision for decommissioning liabilities. See Note 24 for further details.
vi) Property, plant and equipment
The Company assesses its property, plant and equipment, including exploration and evaluation assets, for possible impairment if there are events or changes in circumstances that indicate that carrying values of the assets may not be recoverable, or at least at every reporting date.
If there are low oil prices or natural gas prices during an extended period the Company may need to recognise significant impairment charges. The assessment for impairment entails comparing the carrying value of the cash-generating unit with its recoverable amount, that is, value in use. Value in use is usually determined on the basis of discounted estimated future net cash flows. Determination as to whether and how much an asset is impaired involves management estimates on highly uncertain matters such as future commodity prices, the effects of inflation on operating expenses, discount rates, production profiles and the outlook for regional market supply-and-demand conditions for crude oil and natural gas.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
During the year, the Company carried out an impairment assessment on OML 4, 38 and 48. The Company used the value in use in determining the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit. In determining the value, the Company used a recent forward curve for five years, reverting to the Company's long-term price assumption for impairment testing which is US$45 (N 13,725) in 2018, US$50 (N 15,250) in 2019 and US$55 (N 16,775) per barrel from 2020 point forward. The Company used a post-tax discount rate of 10% based on its weighted average cost of capital. The impairment test did not result in an impairment charge for both 2017 and 2016 reporting periods.
In 2016 however, the impairment assessment was as a result of the force majeure on OML 4, 38 and 48. The Company calculated the value in use of the assets using a recent forward curve for five years, reverting to the Company's long-term price assumption for impairment testing which is US$55 (N 16,775) in 2017, US$60 (N 18,300) in 2018 and US$70 (N 21,350) per barrel from 2019 point forward. The Company used a post-tax discount rate of 10% based on the Company weighted average cost of capital. The assessment did not result in an impairment charge.
Management has considered whether a reasonable possible change in one of the main assumptions will cause an impairment and believes otherwise. See Note 14 for further details.
vii) Useful life of other property, plant and equipment
The Company recognises depreciation on other property, plant and equipment on a straight line basis in order to write-off the cost of the asset over its expected useful life. The economic life of an asset is determined based on existing wear and tear, economic and technical ageing, legal and other limits on the use of the asset, and obsolescence. If some of these factors were to deteriorate materially, impairing the ability of the asset to generate future cash flow, the Company may accelerate depreciation charges to reflect the remaining useful life of the asset or record an impairment loss.
viii) Contingencies
By their nature, contingencies will only be resolved when one or more uncertain future events occur or fail to occur. The assessment of the existence, and potential quantum, of contingencies inherently involves the exercise of significant judgement and the use of estimates regarding the outcome of future events. See Note 33 for further details.
ix) Income taxes
The Company is subject to income taxes by the Nigerian tax authority, which does not require significant judgement in terms of provision for income taxes, but a certain level of judgement is required for recognition of deferred tax assets. Management is required to assess the ability of the Company to generate future taxable economic earnings that will be used to recover all deferred tax assets. Assumptions about the generation of future taxable profits depend on management's estimates of future cash flows. The estimates are based on the future cash flow from operations taking into consideration the oil and gas prices, volumes produced, operational and capital expenditure. See Note 11 for further details.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
4. Financial risk management
4.1 Financial risk factors
The Company's activities expose it to a variety of financial risks such as market risk (including foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk and commodity price risk), credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company's risk management programme focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the Company's financial performance.
Risk management is carried out by the treasury department under policies approved by the Board of Directors. The Board provides written principles for overall risk management, as well as written policies covering specific areas, such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk and investment of excess liquidity.
| Risk | Exposure arising from | Measurement | Management |
| Market risk - foreign exchange | Future commercial transactions Recognised financial assets and liabilities not denominated in US dollars. |
Cash flow forecasting Sensitivity analysis |
Match and settle foreign denominated cash inflows with foreign denominated cash outflows. |
| Market risk - interest rate | Long term borrowings at variable rate | Sensitivity analysis | Review refinancing opportunities |
| Market risk - commodity prices | Future sales transactions | Sensitivity analysis | Oil price hedges |
| Credit risk | Cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables and derivative financial instruments. | Aging analysis Credit ratings |
Diversification of bank deposits. |
| Liquidity risk | Borrowings and other liabilities | Rolling cash flow forecasts | Availability of committed credit lines and borrowing facilities |
4.1.1 Market Risk
Market risk is the risk of loss that may arise from changes in market factors such as commodity prices, interest rates and foreign exchange rates.
i) Commodity price risk
The Company is exposed to the risk of fluctuations on crude oil prices. The Company economically hedges against this risk and sells the oil that it produces to Shell Trading and Mercuria at market prices calculated in accordance with the terms of the Off-take Agreement.
The following table summarises the impact on the Company's profit/ (loss) before tax of a 10 % change in crude oil prices, with all other variables held constant:
| Increase/decrease in Commodity Price | Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on (loss)/profit before tax 2016 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 ₦ million |
| +10% | 8,974 | - | 2,958 | - |
| -10% | (8,974) | - | (2,958) | - |
| Increase/decrease in Commodity Price | Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on (loss)/profit before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
| +10% | 29,346 | - | 9,699 | - |
| -10% | (29,346) | - | (9,699) | - |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
The following table summarises the impact on the Company's profit/ (loss) before tax of a 10% change in gas prices, with all other variables held constant:
| Increase/decrease in Commodity Price | Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on (loss)/profit before tax 2016 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 ₦ million |
| +10% | 3,791 | - | 3,217 | - |
| -10% | (3,791) | - | (3,217) | - |
| Increase/decrease in Commodity Price | Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on (loss)/profit before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
| +10% | 12,397 | - | 10,546 | - |
| -10% | (12,397) | - | (10,546) | - |
ii) Cash flow and fair value interest rate risk
The Company's exposure to interest rate risk relates primarily to long-term borrowings. Borrowings issued at variable rates expose the Company to cash flow interest rate risk which is partially offset by cash and fixed deposit held at variable rates. At the end of the reporting date, the Company had no borrowings at fixed rates. The Company's borrowings are denominated in US dollars.
The Company is exposed to cash flow interest rate risk on short-term deposits to the extent that the significant reductions in market interest rates would result in a decrease in the interest earned by the Company.
The following table demonstrates the sensitivity of the Company's profit/ (loss) before tax to changes in LIBOR rate, with all other variables held constant.
| Increase/decrease in interest rate | Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on (loss)/ profit before tax 2016 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 ₦ million |
|
| +1% | (1,743) | - | (2,025) | - | |
| -1% | 1,743 | - | 2,025 | - |
| Increase/decrease in interest rate | Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on (loss)/ profit before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
|
| +1% | (5,701) | - | (6,641) | - | |
| -1% | 5,701 | - | 6,641 | - |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
iii) Foreign exchange risk
The Company has transactional currency exposures that arise from sales or purchases in currencies other than the respective functional currency. The Company is exposed to exchange rate risk to the extent that balances and transactions are denominated in a currency other than the US dollar.
The Company holds the majority of its cash and cash equivalents in US dollar. However, the Company does maintain deposits in Naira in order to fund ongoing general and administrative activities and other expenditure incurred in this currency. Other monetary assets and liabilities which give rise to foreign exchange risk include trade and other receivables and trade and other payables.
The following table demonstrates the sensitivity to a reasonably possible change in the foreign exchange rate, with all other variables held constant, Company's profit/(loss) before tax due to changes in the carrying value of monetary assets and liabilities at the reporting date:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Financial assets | ||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 26,565 | 8,358 | 86,869 | 27,402 |
| Trade and other receivables | 22,699 | 20,604 | 74,229 | 67,555 |
| 49,264 | 28,962 | 161,098 | 94,957 | |
| Financial liabilities | ||||
| Trade and other payables | (23,335) | (2,793) | (76,307) | (9,159) |
| Net exposure to foreign exchange risk | 25,929 | 26,169 | 84,791 | 85,798 |
| Increase/decrease in foreign exchange risk | Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 ₦ million |
Effect on (loss)/profit before tax 2016 ₦ million |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 ₦ million |
| +5% | (1,235) | - | (1,246) | - |
| -5% | 1,365 | - | 1,377 | - |
Sensitivity to foreign exchange risk is based on the Company and Company's net exposure to foreign exchange risk due to Naira denominated balances. If the Naira strengthen or weakens by the following thresholds, the impact is as shown in the table below:
| Increase/decrease in foreign exchange risk | Effect on profit/(loss) before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2017 US$ '000 |
Effect on (loss)/profit before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
Effect on other components of equity before tax 2016 US$ '000 |
| +5% | (4,038) | - | (4,086) | - |
| -5% | 4,463 | - | 4,516 | - |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
4.1.2 Credit risk
Credit risk refers to the risk of a counterparty defaulting on its contractual obligations resulting in financial loss to the Company. Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, favourable derivative financial instruments, deposits with banks and financial institutions as well as credit exposures to customers.
i) Risk management
The Company is exposed to credit risk from its sale of crude oil to Shell Western Supply and Trading Limited and Mecuria. The Company's trade with Shell Western Supply and Trading Limited is as specified within the terms of the crude off-take agreement and runs for five years until 31 December 2017 with a 30 day payment term. The off-take agreement with Mercuria also runs for five years until 31 July 2020 with a 30 day payment term.
In addition, the Company is exposed to credit risk in relation to its sale of gas to Nigerian Gas Company (NGC) Limited, a subsidiary of NNPC, its sole gas customer during the year.
The Company monitors receivable balances on an ongoing basis and there has been no significant history of impairment losses except for the NPDC receivables which are now deemed to be fully recoverable during the reporting period.
The credit risk on cash is limited because the majority of deposits are with banks that have an acceptable credit rating assigned by an international credit agency. The Company's maximum exposure to credit risk due to default of the counterparty is equal to the carrying value of its financial assets.
The accounts receivable balance includes the following related party receivables:
| Percentage of total receivables | |||
| 2017 | 2016 | ||
| Cardinal Drilling Services Limited | Receivables relate to deposits that are expected to be utilised or refunded | 1% | 1% |
The maximum exposure to credit risk as at the reporting date is:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Trade and other receivables (Gross) | 324,552 | 326,572 | 1,061,321 | 1,070,728 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 117,220 | 44,950 | 383,321 | 147,377 |
| Gross amount | 441,772 | 371,522 | 1,444,642 | 1,218,105 |
| Impairment of NPDC receivables | - | (3,129) | - | (10,260) |
| Net amount | 441,772 | 368,393 | 1,444,642 | 1,207,845 |
Trade and other payables (excludes non-financial liabilities such as provisions, accruals, taxes and pension and other non-contractual payables), trade and other receivables (excluding prepayments) and cash and cash equivalents are financial instruments whose carrying amounts as the financial statements approximate their fair values.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
| 31 Dec 2017 | Trade receivables & Intercompany receivables |
NPDC receivables |
Other receivables |
Cash & bank balances | Total |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | |
| Neither past due nor impaired | 267,595 | - | 9 | 117,220 | 384,824 |
| Past due but not impaired | 22,496 | 34,453 | - | - | 56,949 |
| Gross amount | 290,091 | 34,453 | 9 | 117,220 | 441,773 |
| Impairment loss | - | - | - | - | - |
| Net amount | 290,091 | 34,453 | 9 | 117,220 | 441,773 |
| 31 Dec 2016 | |||||
| Neither past due nor impaired | 232,398 | - | 8 | 44,950 | 277,356 |
| Past due but not impaired | 21,261 | - | - | - | 21,261 |
| Impaired | - | 72,905 | - | - | 72,905 |
| Gross amount | 253,659 | 72,905 | 8 | 44,950 | 371,522 |
| Impairment loss | - | (3,129) | - | - | (3,129) |
| Net amount | 253,659 | 69,776 | 8 | 44,950 | 368,393 |
| 31 Dec 2017 | Trade Receivables & Intercompany receivables |
NPDC receivables |
Other receivables | Cash & bank balances | Total |
| US$'000 | US$'000 | US$'000 | US$'000 | US$'000 | |
| Neither past due nor impaired | 875,064 | - | 29 | 383,321 | 1,258,414 |
| Past due but not impaired | 73,564 | 112,664 | - | - | 186,228 |
| Gross amount | 948,628 | 112,664 | 29 | 383,321 | 1,444,642 |
| Impairment loss | - | - | - | - | - |
| Net amount | 948,628 | 112,664 | 29 | 383,321 | 1,444,642 |
| 31 Dec 2016 | |||||
| Neither past due nor impaired | 761,960 | - | 25 | 147,377 | 909,362 |
| Past due but not impaired | 69,708 | - | 1 | - | 69,709 |
| Impaired | - | 239,034 | - | - | 239,034 |
| Gross amount | 831,668 | 239,034 | 26 | 147,377 | 1,218,105 |
| Impairment loss | - | (10,260) | - | - | (10,260) |
| Net amount | 831,668 | 228,774 | 26 | 147,377 | 1,207,845 |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
ii) Credit quality of financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired
The credit quality of financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired can be assessed by reference to external credit ratings (if available) or to historical information about counterparty default rates.
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| Counterparties with external credit rating (Fitch's) | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$'000 | US$'000 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | ||||
| Non rated | 59,153 | 24,457 | 193,437 | 80,188 |
| B - | 16,019 | 587 | 52,384 | 1,924 |
| B | 14,937 | 6,446 | 48,845 | 21,134 |
| B + | 2,647 | 2,447 | 8,655 | 8,024 |
| A + | 24,464 | 11,013 | 80,000 | 36,107 |
| A A- | - | - | - | - |
| 117,220 | 44,950 | 383,321 | 147,377 |
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| Counterparties without external credit rating | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$'000 | US$'000 |
| Trade and other receivables * | ||||
| Company 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Company 2 | 267,603 | 232,405 | 875,093 | 761,985 |
| Company 3 | - | - | - | - |
| 267,603 | 232,405 | 875,093 | 761,985 |
* Includes trade receivables, intercompany receivables, NPDC receivables and other receivables.
Group 1 - new customers (less than 1 year)
Group 2 - existing customers (more than 1 year) with some defaults in the past. All defaults are recoverable.
Group 3 - Government entities
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
iii) Ageing analysis for financial assets that are past due but not impaired
The ageing analysis of the trade receivables and amounts due from NPDC/NAPIMS is as follows:
| Total | Past due but not impaired | |||||
| <30 days | 30-60 days | 60-90 days | 90-120 days | >120 days | ||
| ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | |
| Trade receivables | ||||||
| 31 December 2017 | 22,496 | 4,217 | 3,328 | 5,168 | 6,103 | 3,680 |
| 31 December 2016 | 21,261 | 13,925 | - | 1,513 | - | 5,823 |
| NPDC receivables | ||||||
| 31 December 2017 | 34,453 | - | 11,370 | - | - | 23,083 |
| 31 December 2016 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Total | Past due but not impaired | |||||
| <30 days | 30-60 days | 60-90 days | 90-120 days | >120 days | ||
| US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Trade receivables | ||||||
| 31 December 2017 | 73,564 | 13,790 | 10,884 | 16,899 | 19,957 | 12,034 |
| 31 December 2016 | 69,708 | 45,656 | - | 4,961 | - | 19,091 |
| NPDC/NAPIMS receivables | ||||||
| 31 December 2017 | 112,664 | - | 37,179 | - | - | 75,485 |
| 31 December 2016 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
iv) Impaired receivables
Individual receivables which are known to be uncollectible are written off by reducing the carrying amount directly. The other receivables are assessed collectively to determine whether there is objective evidence that an impairment has been incurred but not yet identified. For these receivables the estimated impairment losses are recognised in a separate allowance for impairment. The Company considers that there is evidence of impairment if any of the following indicators are present:
- significant financial difficulties of the debtor
- probability that the debtor will enter bankruptcy or financial reorganisation, and
- default or delinquency in payments (more than 30 days overdue)
Receivables for which an impairment allowance was recognised are written off against the allowance when there is no expectation of recovering additional cash.
Impairment losses are recognised in profit or loss within general and administrative expenses. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited against general and administrative expenses. See Note 2.14.1(iii) for information about how impairment losses are calculated.
Individually impaired trade receivables relate to NPDC receivables that were outstanding in 2016 (₦2.27 billion, US$10.26 million) which are now deemed to be fully recoverable. The Company expects to recover the receivables, however due to the timing of the receipts, the future cash flows have been discounted to reflect the time value of money.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
Movements in the provision for impairment of trade receivables that are assessed for impairment are as follows:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| At 1 January | 3,129 | - | 10,260 | - |
| Allowance for impairment recognised during the year | - | 2,273 | - | 10,260 |
| Reversal of previously recognised impairment losses | (3,138) | 856 | (10,260) | - |
| Exchange differences | 9 | - | - | |
| At 31 December | - | 3,129 | - | 10,260 |
4.1.3 Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they fall due.
The Company manages liquidity risk by ensuring that sufficient funds are available to meet its commitments as they fall due.
The Company uses both long-term and short-term cash flow projections to monitor funding requirements for activities and to ensure there are sufficient cash resources to meet operational needs. Cash flow projections take into consideration the Company's debt financing plans and covenant compliance. Surplus cash held is transferred to the treasury department which invests in deposit bearing current accounts, time deposits and money market deposits.
The following table details the Company's remaining contractual maturity for its non-derivative financial liabilities with agreed maturity periods. The table has been drawn based on the undiscounted cash flows of the financial liabilities based on the earliest date on which the Company can be required to pay.
| Effective interest rate | Less than 1 year |
1 - 2 year |
2 - 3 years |
3 - 5 years |
After 5 years |
Total | |
| % | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | |
| 31 December 2017 | |||||||
| Non - derivatives | |||||||
| Variable interest rate borrowings (bank loans): | |||||||
| Allan Gray | 8.5% + LIBOR | 1,696 | 1,564 | 1,124 | 538 | - | 4,922 |
| Zenith Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 23,243 | 21,439 | 15,404 | 7,371 | - | 67,457 |
| First Bank of Nigeria Limited | 8.5% + LIBOR | 12,830 | 11,835 | 8,503 | 4,069 | - | 37,237 |
| United Bank for Africa Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 14,527 | 13,400 | 9,628 | 4,607 | - | 42,162 |
| Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 2,177 | 2,008 | 1,443 | 690 | - | 6,318 |
| Standard Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 2,177 | 2,008 | 1,443 | 690 | - | 6,318 |
| Standard Chartered Bank | 6.0% + LIBOR | 5,747 | - | - | - | - | 5,747 |
| Natixis | 6.0% + LIBOR | 5,747 | - | - | - | - | 5,747 |
| Citibank Nigeria Ltd and Citibank NA | 6.0% + LIBOR | 4,470 | - | - | - | - | 4,470 |
| Bank of America Merrill Lynch Int'l Ltd | 6.0% + LIBOR | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| FirstRand Bank Limited Acting | 6.0% + LIBOR | 3,831 | - | - | - | - | 3,831 |
| Nomura Bank Plc* | 6.0% + LIBOR | 3,831 | - | - | - | - | 3,831 |
| NedBank Ltd, London Branch | 6.0% + LIBOR | 3,831 | - | - | - | - | 3,831 |
| The Mauritius Commercial Bank Plc* | 6.0% + LIBOR | 3,831 | - | - | - | - | 3,831 |
| Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | 6.0% + LIBOR | 2,874 | - | - | - | - | 2,874 |
| Other non - derivatives | |||||||
| Trade and other payables** | - | 59,351 | - | - | - | - | 59,351 |
| 150,163 | 52,254 | 37,545 | 17,965 | - | 257,927 |
*Nomura and The Mauritius Commercial Bank replace JP Morgan and Bank of America
** Trade and other payables (excludes non-financial liabilities such as provisions, accruals, taxes, pension and other non-contractual payables).
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
| Effective interest rate | Less than 1 year |
1 - 2 year |
2 - 3 years |
3 - 5 years |
After 5 years |
Total | |
| % | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | |
| 31 December 2016 | |||||||
| Non - derivative | |||||||
| Variable interest rate borrowings (bank loans): | |||||||
| Zenith Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 11,409 | 23,182 | 21,383 | 22,715 | - | 78,689 |
| First Bank of Nigeria Limited | 8.5% + LIBOR | 7,131 | 14,489 | 13,364 | 14,197 | - | 49,181 |
| United Bank for Africa Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 7,131 | 14,489 | 13,364 | 14,197 | - | 49,181 |
| Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 1,069 | 2,171 | 2,003 | 2,128 | - | 7,371 |
| The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited |
8.5% + LIBOR | 1,069 | 2,171 | 2,003 | 2,128 | - | 7,371 |
| Standard Chartered Bank | 6.0% + LIBOR | 8,452 | - | - | - | - | 8,452 |
| Natixis | 6.0% + LIBOR | 8,452 | - | - | - | - | 8,452 |
| Citibank Nigeria Ltd and Citibank NA | 6.0% + LIBOR | 8,452 | - | - | - | - | 8,452 |
| Bank of America Merrill Lynch Int'l Ltd | 6.0% + LIBOR | 5,635 | - | - | - | - | 5,635 |
| FirstRand Bank Ltd (Rand Merchant Bank Division) | 6.0% + LIBOR | 5,635 | - | - | - | - | 5,635 |
| JP Morgan Chase Bank NA, London Branch | 6.0% + LIBOR | 5,635 | - | - | - | - | 5,635 |
| NedBank Ltd, London Branch | 6.0% + LIBOR | 5,635 | - | - | - | - | 5,635 |
| Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | 6.0% + LIBOR | 4,225 | - | - | - | - | 4,225 |
| The Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd | 6.0% + LIBOR | 4,225 | - | - | - | - | 4,225 |
| Other non - derivative | |||||||
| Trade and other payables* | 58,226 | - | - | - | - | 58,226 | |
| 142,381 | 56,502 | 52,117 | 55,365 | - | 306,365 |
*Trade and other payables (excludes non-financial liabilities such as provisions, accruals, taxes, pension and other non-contractual payables).
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
| Effective interest rate | Less than 1 year |
1 - 2 year |
2 - 3 years |
3 - 5 years |
After 5 years |
Total | |
| % | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| 31 December 2017 | |||||||
| Non - derivatives | |||||||
| Variable interest rate borrowings (bank loans): | |||||||
| Allan Gray | 8.5% + LIBOR | 5,546 | 5,116 | 3,676 | 1,759 | - | 16,097 |
| Zenith Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 76,006 | 70,109 | 50,373 | 24,104 | - | 220,592 |
| First Bank of Nigeria Limited | 8.5% + LIBOR | 41,957 | 38,702 | 27,807 | 13,306 | - | 121,772 |
| United Bank for Africa Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 47,504 | 43,818 | 31,483 | 15,065 | - | 137,870 |
| Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 7,119 | 6,567 | 4,718 | 2,258 | - | 20,662 |
| Standard Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 7,119 | 6,567 | 4,718 | 2,258 | - | 20,662 |
| Standard Chartered Bank | 6.0% + LIBOR | 18,794 | - | - | - | - | 18,794 |
| Natixis | 6.0% + LIBOR | 18,794 | - | - | - | - | 18,794 |
| Citibank Nigeria Ltd and Citibank NA | 6.0% + LIBOR | 14,617 | - | - | - | - | 14,617 |
| Bank of America Merrill Lynch Int'l Ltd | 6.0% + LIBOR | 12,529 | - | - | - | - | 12,529 |
| FirstRand Bank Limited Acting | 6.0% + LIBOR | 12,529 | - | - | - | - | 12,529 |
| Nomura Bank Plc* | 6.0% + LIBOR | 12,529 | - | - | - | - | 12,529 |
| NedBank Ltd, London Branch | 6.0% + LIBOR | 12,529 | - | - | - | - | 12,529 |
| The Mauritius Commercial Bank Plc* | 6.0% + LIBOR | 9,399 | - | - | - | - | 9,399 |
| Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | 6.0% + LIBOR | 13,576 | - | - | - | - | 13,576 |
| Other non - derivatives | |||||||
| Trade and other payables** | - | 194,084 | - | - | - | - | 194,084 |
| 504,631 | 170,879 | 122,775 | 58,750 | - | 857,035 |
*Nomura and The Mauritius Commercial Bank replace JP Morgan and Bank of America
** Trade and other payables (excludes non-financial liabilities such as provisions, accruals, taxes, pension and other non-contractual payables).
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
| Effective interest rate | Less than 1 year |
1 - 2 year |
2 - 3 years |
3 - 5 years |
After 5 years |
Total | |
| % | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| 31 December 2016 | |||||||
| Non - derivative | |||||||
| Variable interest rate borrowings (bank loans): | |||||||
| Zenith Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 37,406 | 76,006 | 70,109 | 74,477 | - | 257,998 |
| First Bank of Nigeria Limited | 8.5% + LIBOR | 23,379 | 47,504 | 43,818 | 46,548 | - | 161,249 |
| United Bank for Africa Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 23,379 | 47,504 | 43,818 | 46,548 | - | 161,249 |
| Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | 8.5% + LIBOR | 3,504 | 7,119 | 6,567 | 6,976 | - | 24,166 |
| The Standard Bank of South Africa Limited |
8.5% + LIBOR | 3,504 | 7,119 | 6,567 | 6,976 | - | 24,166 |
| Standard Chartered Bank | 6.0% + LIBOR | 27,711 | - | - | - | - | 27,711 |
| Natixis | 6.0% + LIBOR | 27,711 | - | - | - | - | 27,711 |
| Citibank Nigeria Ltd and Citibank NA | 6.0% + LIBOR | 27,711 | - | - | - | - | 27,711 |
| Bank of America Merrill Lynch Int'l Ltd | 6.0% + LIBOR | 18,474 | - | - | - | - | 18,474 |
| FirstRand Bank Ltd (Rand Merchant Bank Division) | 6.0% + LIBOR | 18,474 | - | - | - | - | 18,474 |
| JP Morgan Chase Bank NA, London Branch | 6.0% + LIBOR | 18,474 | - | - | - | - | 18,474 |
| NedBank Ltd, London Branch | 6.0% + LIBOR | 18,474 | - | - | - | - | 18,474 |
| Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc | 6.0% + LIBOR | 13,856 | - | - | - | - | 13,856 |
| The Standard Bank of South Africa Ltd | 6.0% + LIBOR | 13,856 | - | - | - | - | 13,856 |
| Other non - derivative | |||||||
| Trade and other payables* | 190,905 | - | - | - | - | 190,905 | |
| 466,818 | 185,252 | 170,879 | 181,525 | - | 1,004,474 |
*Trade and other payables (excludes non-financial liabilities such as provisions, accruals, taxes, pension and other non-contractual payables).
4.2 Fair value
Set out below is a comparison by category of carrying amounts and fair value of all financial instruments:
| 41. | Carrying amount | Fair value | |||||||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||||||
| ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ||||||
| Financial assets | |||||||||
| Trade and other receivables | 324,552 | 323,443 | 324,552 | 323,443 | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 117,220 | 44,950 | 117,220 | 44,950 | |||||
| 441,772 | 368,393 | 441,772 | 368,393 | ||||||
| Financial liabilities | |||||||||
| Borrowings - Bank loans | 174,329 | 202,549 | 174,329 | 202,549 | |||||
| Trade and other payables | 59,351 | 58,226 | 59,351 | 58,226 | |||||
| 233,680 | 260,775 | 233,680 | 260,775 | ||||||
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
| Carrying amount | Fair value | |||
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Financial assets | ||||
| Trade and other receivables | 1,061,321 | 1,060,468 | 1,061,321 | 1,060,468 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 383,321 | 147,377 | 383,321 | 147,377 |
| 1,444,642 | 1,207,845 | 1,444,642 | 1,207,845 | |
| Financial liabilities | ||||
| Borrowings - Bank loans | 570,077 | 664,096 | 570,077 | 664,096 |
| Trade and other payables | 194,084 | 190,905 | 194,084 | 190,905 |
| 764,161 | 855,001 | 764,161 | 855,001 |
In determining the fair value of the borrowings, non-performance risks of Seplat as at year-end were assessed to be insignificant.
Trade and other payables (excludes non-financial liabilities such as provisions, accruals, taxes, pension and other non-contractual payables), trade and other receivables (excluding prepayments) and cash and cash equivalents are financial instruments whose carrying amounts as per the financial statements approximate their fair values. This is mainly due to their short term nature. Contingent consideration are being measured and recognised at fair value.
4.2.1 Fair Value Hierarchy
The Company has classified its financial instruments into the three levels prescribed under the accounting standards. An explanation of each level follows underneath the table. These are all recurring fair value measurements.
| 31 Dec 2017 | Level 1 ₦ million |
Level 2 ₦ million |
Level 3 ₦ million |
Level 1 US$ '000 |
Level 2 US$ '000 |
Level 3 US$ '000 |
| Financial liabilities: | ||||||
| Borrowings - Bank loans | - | 174,329 | - | - | 570,077 | - |
| - | 174,329 | - | - | 570,077 | - | |
| 31 Dec 2016 | ||||||
| Financial liabilities: | ||||||
| Borrowings - Bank loans | - | 202,549 | - | - | 664,096 | - |
| - | 202,549 | - | - | 664,096 | - |
| ● | Level 1 - Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. |
| ● | Level 2 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable. |
| ● | Level 3 - Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable. |
There were no transfers between fair value levels during the year.
The fair value of the financial instruments is included at the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair values:
Fair values of the Company's interest-bearing loans and borrowings are determined by using discounted cash flow models that use effective interest rates that reflect the borrowing rate as at the end of the year.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
41.3 Capital management
4.3.1 Risk management
| The Company's objective when managing capital is to safeguard the Company's ability to continue as a going concern in order to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, to maintain optimal capital structure and reduce cost of capital. Consistent with others in the industry, the Company monitors capital on the basis of the following gearing ratio, net debt divided by total capital. Net debt is calculated as total borrowings less cash and cash equivalents. |
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Borrowings: | 174,329 | 202,549 | 570,077 | 664,096 |
| Less: cash and cash equivalents | (117,220) | (44,950) | (383,321) | (147,377) |
| Net debt | 57,109 | 157,599 | 186,756 | 516,719 |
| Total equity | 490,225 | 391,061 | 1,603,077 | 1,282,158 |
| Total capital | 547,334 | 548,660 | 1,789,833 | 1,798,877 |
| Net debt (net debt/total capital) ratio | 10% | 29% | 10% | 29% |
During 2017, the Company's strategy which was unchanged from 2016, was to maintain a gearing ratio of 20% to 40%. Capital includes share capital, share premium, capital contribution and all other equity reserves attributable to the equity holders of the Company.
4.3.2 Loan covenant
Under the terms of the major borrowing facilities, the Company is required to comply with the following financial covenants every 6 months:
· Total net financial indebtedness to annualised EBITDA is not to be greater than 3:1;
· 6-month Debt Service Reserve Account (DSCRa) not to be lower than 1.25x on a forward looking basis,
· Satisfactory 12-months Company liquidity test.
The Company has complied with these covenants throughout the reporting period (2016: The Company complied with the applicable covenants) with the exception of the financial indebtedness/EBITDA covenant which was waived by a majority lender consent.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
5. Revenue
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Crude oil sale | 97,313 | 26,111 | 318,210 | 104,235 |
| (Overlift)/ Underlift | (7,571) | (1,579) | (24,755) | (7,249) |
| 89,742 | 24,532 | 293,455 | 96,986 | |
| Gas sales | 37,913 | 27,463 | 123,973 | 105,460 |
| 127,655 | 51,995 | 417,428 | 202,446 |
The major off-takers for crude oil is Mercuria (₦96 billion, 2016: ₦26.1 billion) (US$316 million, 2016: US$104 million). The major off-taker of gas is the Nigerian Gas Company (₦22 billion, 2016: ₦27 billion), (2017: US$72 million, 2016: US$105 million).
6. Cost of Sales
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Royalties | 20,963 | 10,534 | 68,546 | 37,043 |
| Depletion, depreciation and amortisation (Note 14a) | 23,877 | 6,909 | 78,078 | 48,600 |
| Crude handling fees | 8,556 | 618 | 27,976 | 5,351 |
| Nigeria Export Supervision Scheme (NESS) fee | 104 | 30 | 340 | 109 |
| Barging costs | 2,787 | 5,484 | 9,113 | 17,885 |
| Niger Delta Development Commission Levy | 1,061 | - | 3,469 | - |
| Rig related costs | 985 | 2,609 | 3,220 | 9,154 |
| Operational & maintenance expenses | 9,333 | 9,864 | 30,516 | 39,191 |
| 67,666 | 36,048 | 221,258 | 157,333 |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
7. General and administrative expenses
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | ||
| Depreciation (Note 14b) | 1,265 | 1,336 | 4,137 | 5,207 | |
| Auditor's remuneration | 222 | 53 | 727 | 245 | |
| Professional and consulting fees | 1,746 | 7,358 | 5,707 | 27,683 | |
| Directors' emoluments (executive) | 711 | 434 | 2,322 | 1,641 | |
| Directors' emoluments (non-executive) | 933 | 1,056 | 3,051 | 4,244 | |
| Donations | 102 | 41 | 333 | 178 | |
| Employee benefits (Note 7a) | 6,407 | 4,978 | 20,951 | 19,354 | |
| Business development expenses | - | 6 | - | 20 | |
| Flights and other travel costs | 2,036 | 1,395 | 6,657 | 5,248 | |
| Rentals | 509 | 1,235 | 1,664 | 4,325 | |
| Loss on disposal of plant & equipment | 10 | 307 | 32 | 1,509 | |
| Impairment losses | - | 2,273 | - | 10,260 | |
| Other general expenses | 1,380 | 2,545 | 4,514 | 12,715 | |
| 15,321 | 23,017 | 50,095 | 92,629 |
Directors' emoluments have been split between executive & non-executive directors', share based payment expenses are included in employee benefits expense.
There were no non-audit services rendered by the Company's auditors during the year.
Other general expenses relate to costs such as office maintenance costs, rentals, telecommunication costs, logistics costs and others. It also includes reversal of impairment loss of of N 3.14 billion, 2016: ₦2.27 billion (US$ 10 million, 2016: US$ 10 million). Impairment loss relates to the impairment of receivables due from Nigerian Petroleum Development Company (NPDC) in Note 18. This provision is no longer required and the reversal of ₦2 billion (US$10 million) is included in general and administrative expenses.
7a. Salaries and employee related costs include the following:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Short term employee benefits: | ||||
| Basic salary | 2,761 | 2,108 | 9,028 | 8,194 |
| Housing allowances | 421 | 821 | 1,376 | 3,190 |
| Other allowances | 685 | 586 | 2,241 | 2,249 |
| Post employment benefits: | ||||
| Defined contribution expenses | 303 | 354 | 991 | 1,377 |
| Defined benefit expenses (Note 25) | 502 | 240 | 1,641 | 938 |
| Share based payment benefits (Note 20b) | 1,735 | 869 | 5,674 | 3,406 |
| Total salaries and employee related costs | 6,407 | 4,978 | 20,951 | 19,354 |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
8. Gains/(losses) on foreign exchange (net)
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Exchange gains/(losses) | 334 | (29,537) | 1,092 | (104,328) |
| Total | 334 | (29,537) | 1,092 | (104,328) |
This is principally as a result of translation of naira denominated monetary assets and liabilities. In the current reporting period, the Naira which is the Company's major foreign currency was relatively stable all year round (2016: Foreign exchange losses resulted from the Naira devaluation of approximately 53% as announced by the Central Bank of Nigeria).
9. Fair value loss
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Realised fair value losses on crude oil hedges | (5,931) | - | (19,393) | - |
| Unrealised fair value losses on crude oil hedges | - | (2,186) | - | (12,455) |
| Total | (5,931) | (2,186) | (19,393) | (12,455) |
Realised fair value losses on crude oil hedges represent the payments for crude oil price options. These options expired on 31 December 2017.
10. Finance (cost)/income
| Finance income | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Interest income | 11,924 | 26,846 | 38,992 | 94,139 |
| Finance cost | ||||
| Finance cost | ||||
| Interest on advance payment on crude oil sales | 1,770 | - | 5,789 | - |
| Interest on bank loans | 22,431 | 17,227 | 73,347 | 68,421 |
| Unwinding of discount on provision for decommissioning (Note 24) | 17 | 87 | 54 | 330 |
| Interest capitalised (Note 14a) | (1,982) | - | (6,480) | - |
| 22,236 | 17,314 | 72,710 | 68,751 | |
| Finance (cost)/income (net) | (10,312) | 9,532 | (33,718) | 25,388 |
Finance income represents interest on fixed deposits for the Company.
The capitalisation rate used to determine the amount of borrowing costs to be capitalised is the weighted average interest rate applicable to the Company's general borrowings denominated in dollars during the year, in this case 9.41% (2016 - Nil).
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
11. Taxation
The major components of income tax expense for the years ended 31 December 2017 and 2016 are:
11a. Income tax expense
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Current tax: | ||||
| Current tax on profit for the year | - | - | - | - |
| Education tax | 687 | 575 | 2,248 | 1,885 |
| Prior period over provision | - | - | - | - |
| Total current tax | 687 | 575 | 2,248 | 1,885 |
| Deferred tax: | ||||
| Deferred tax credit in profit or loss | (68,344) | (8,341) | (223,481) | (16,384) |
| Total tax credit in statement of profit or loss | (67,657) | (4,421) | (221,233) | (14,499) |
| Deferred tax recognised in other comprehensive income | (76) | - | (250) | - |
| Total tax credit for the period | (67,733) | (4,421) | (221,483) | (14,499) |
| Effective tax rate | (236%) | 15% | (235%) | 15% |
11b Reconciliation of effective tax rate
The applicable tax rate for 2017 was 85% (2016: 65.75%).
During 2013, applications were made by Seplat for the tax incentives available under the provisions of the Industrial Development (Income Tax Relief) Act. In February 2014, Seplat was granted the incentives in respect of the tax treatment of OMLs 4, 38 and 41.
Under these incentives, the companies' profits are subject to a tax rate of 0% with effect from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2015 in the first instance and then for an additional two years for the Company if certain conditions included in the Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission (NIPC) pioneer status award document are met.
As at the end of the reporting period, the NIPC is yet to approve the tax incentives for the additional two years of the tax holidays. The financial statements have been prepared on the assumption that the tax incentives may not be renewed and this forms the basis of the Company's current and deferred taxation in the financial statements. The current tax for the period has been utilized against tax losses brought forward
A reconciliation between income tax expense and accounting profit before income tax multiplied by the applicable statutory tax rate is as follows:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Profit/(loss) before taxation | 28,759 | (29,261) | 94,056 | (138,911) |
| Tax rate of 85% (2016 - 65.75%) | 24,445 | (19,239) | 79,948 | (91,334) |
| Tax effect of amounts which are not deductible (taxable) in calculating taxable income: | ||||
| Income not subject to tax | (25,578) | - | (83,644) | - |
| Expenses not deductible for tax purposes | 27,305 | 11,488 | 89,290 | 37,672 |
| Recognition of previously unrecognised deductible temporary difference | (64,335) | - | (210,380) | - |
| Impact of unutilised tax losses | - | 2,755 | - | 37,278 |
| Impact of tax incentive | (29,227) | - | (95,577) | - |
| Education tax | 687 | 575 | 2,248 | 1,885 |
| Prior period over provision | - | - | - | - |
| Tax loss utilised | (953) | - | (3,118) | - |
| Total tax credit in statement of profit or loss | (67,657) | (4,421) | (221,233) | (14,499) |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
The movement in the current tax liability is as follows:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| As at 1 January | 575 | - | 1,885 | - |
| Tax charge | 687 | 575 | 2,248 | 1,885 |
| Deconsolidation of subsidiary | - | - | - | - |
| Prior period over provision | - | - | - | - |
| Exchange difference | 2 | - | - | - |
| As 31 December | 1,264 | 575 | 4,133 | 1,885 |
12. Deferred income tax
The analysis of deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities is as follows:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| Deferred tax assets | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 |
| Deferred tax asset to be recovered in less than 12 months | - | - | - | - |
| Deferred tax asset to be recovered after more than 12 months | 68,417 | - | 223,731 | - |
| 68,417 | - | 223,731 | - |
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| Deferred tax liabilities | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 |
| Deferred tax liabilities to be recovered in less than 12 months | - | - | - | - |
| Deferred tax liability to be recovered after more than 12 months | - | - | - | - |
| - | - | - | - | |
| - | - | - | - | |
| Net deferred tax asset/(liability) | 68,417 | - | 223,731 | - |
Deferred income tax assets are recognised for tax losses carried forward to the extent that the realisation of the related tax benefit through future taxable profits is probable.
Following a significant improvement in the financial position of the Company in 2017, the Company conducted an assessment of the its assessable profit based on a five (5) year business plan in order to determine the possibility of future profit making prospects for 2018 to 2022. As a result, the Group reviewed previously unrecognised tax losses and determined that it was now probable that taxable profits will be available against which the tax losses can be utilised. As a result, deferred tax assets of ₦68 billion, 2016: nil (US$224 million, 2016: nil) was recognised for those losses.
The Company did not recognise deferred income tax assets of nil, 2016: ₦44 billion (Nil, 2016: US$162 million) in respect of temporary differences amounting to nil, 2016: ₦67 billion (nil, 2016: US$247 million). Out of this, deferred tax asset of nil, 2016: ₦9 billion (Nil, 2016: US$34 million) relates tax losses of nil, 2016: ₦14 billion (Nil, 2016: US$51 million). There are no expiration dates for the tax losses.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
12a. Deferred tax asset/(liability)
| Property, plant and equipment |
Decommissioning provision | Defined benefit expenses |
Underlift/ overlift |
Unrealised foreign Exchange (gain)/loss |
Tax losses |
Other provisions |
Total | ||
| ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ||
| At 1 January 2016 | (3,614) | 388 | 906 | (920) | (18) | - | - | (3,258) | |
| Credited/(charged) to the profit or loss | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Deferred tax credit | 5,542 | (596) | (1,389) | 1,412 | 27 | - | - | 4,996 | |
| Exchange difference | (1,928) | 208 | 483 | (492) | (9) | - | - | (1,738) | |
| At 31 December 2016 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| At 1 January 2017 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Deferred tax credit: | |||||||||
| Credited to profit or loss | 37,536 | 103 | 1,173 | 6,489 | 4,210 | 12,392 | 6,441 | - | 68,344 |
| Credited to other comprehensive income | - | - | 76 | - | - | - | - | 76 | |
| Exchange difference | (1) | (1) | 1 | - | (1) | - | (1) | (3) | |
| At 31 December 2017 | 37,535 | 102 | 1,250 | 6,489 | 4,209 | 12,392 | 6,440 | 68,417 |
| Property, plant and equipment |
Decommissioning provision | Defined benefit expenses |
Underlift/ overlift |
Unrealised foreign exchange (gain)/ loss |
Tax losses | Other provisions | Total | ||||||||
| US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | ||||||||
| At 1 January 2016 | (18,173) | 1,953 | 4,554 | (4,629) | (89) | - | - | (16,384) | |||||||
| Credited/(charged) to the profit or loss | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
| Deferred tax credit | 18,173 | (1,953) | (4,554) | 4,629 | 89 | - | - | 16,384 | |||||||
| At 31 December 2016 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
| At 1 January 2017 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
| Deferred tax credit: | |||||||||||||||
| Credited to profit or loss | 122,742 | 334 | 3,837 | 21,219 | 13,765 | 40,523 | 21,061 | 223,481 | |||||||
| Credited to other comprehensive income | - | - | 250 | - | - | - | - | 250 | |||||||
| At 31 December 2017 | 122,742 | 334 | 4,087 | 21,219 | 13,765 | 40,523 | 21,061 | 223,731 | |||||||
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
13. Computation of cash generated from operations
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||
| Notes | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Profit/(loss) before tax | 28,759 | (29,261) | 94,056 | (138,911) | |
| Adjusted for: | |||||
| Depletion, depreciation and amortization | 14 | 25,142 | 8,245 | 82,215 | 53,807 |
| Impairment loss | (3,138) | 2,273 | (10,260) | 10,260 | |
| Finance income | 10 | (11,924) | (26,846) | (38,992) | (94,139) |
| Interest on advance payments for crude oil sales | 10 | 1,770 | - | 5,789 | - |
| Interest on bank loans and other bank charges | 10 | 22,431 | 17,227 | 73,347 | 68,421 |
| Interest capitalised | 10 | (1,982) | - | (6,480) | - |
| Unwinding of discount on provision for decommissioning liabilities | 10 | 17 | 87 | 54 | 330 |
| Unrealised fair value loss on crude oil hedges | 9 | - | 2,186 | - | 12,455 |
| Unrealised foreign exchange (gain)/ loss | 8 | (334) | 29,537 | (1,092) | 104,328 |
| Share based payment expenses | 20 | 1,735 | 869 | 5,674 | 3,406 |
| Defined benefit expenses | 502 | 287` | 1,641 | (1,467) | |
| Loss on disposal of other property, plant and equipment | 7 | 10 | 307 | 32 | 1,509 |
| Changes in working capital (excluding the effects of exchange differences and deconsolidation): | |||||
| Trade and other receivables | 3,989 | 58,958 | 13,045 | 233,741 | |
| Prepayments | 322 | 3,759 | 1,054 | 15,247 | |
| Trade and other payables | 49,477 | (25,602) | 161,788 | (88,337) | |
| Inventories | 1,801 | (4,768) | 5,889 | (23,743) | |
| Net cash from operating activities | 118,577 | 37,258 | 387,760 | 156,907 |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
14. Property, plant and equipment
14a. Oil and gas properties
| Production and field facilities |
Assets under construction | Total | Production and field facilities |
Assets under construction | Total | |
| Cost | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 |
| At 1 January 2016 | 148,166 | 53,925 | 202,091 | 785,033 | 301,244 | 1,086,277 |
| Additions | - | 21,492 | 21,492 | - | 70,484 | 70,484 |
| Changes in decommissioning | (903) | - | (903) | (2,962) | - | (2,962) |
| Transfer from asset under construction | 50,596 | (50,596) | - | 248,324 | (248,324) | - |
| Disposal | - | (307) | (307) | - | (1,509) | (1,509) |
| Exchange differences | 116,411 | 12,664 | 129,075 | - | - | - |
| At 31 December 2016 | 314,270 | 37,178 | 351,448 | 1,030,395 | 121,895 | 1,152,290 |
| Depreciation | ||||||
| At 1 January 2016 | 44,312 | - | 44,312 | 236,063 | - | 236,063 |
| Charged for the year | 6,909 | - | 6,909 | 48,600 | - | 48,600 |
| Deconsolidation of subsidiary | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Exchange differences | 35,601 | - | 35,601 | - | - | - |
| At 31 December 2016 | 86,822 | - | 86,822 | 284,663 | - | 284,663 |
| NBV | ||||||
| At 31 December 2016 | 227,448 | 37,178 | 264,626 | 745,732 | 121,895 | 867,627 |
| Cost | ||||||
| At 1 January 2017 | 314,270 | 37,178 | 351,448 | 1,030,395 | 121,895 | 1,152,290 |
| Additions | 4,818 | - | 4,818 | 15,756 | - | 15,756 |
| Changes in decommissioning | 30,598 | - | 30,598 | 100,054 | - | 100,054 |
| Transfer from asset under construction | 10,305 | (10,305) | - | 33,698 | (33,698) | - |
| Interest capitalised | - | 1,982 | 1,982 | - | 6,480 | 6,480 |
| Exchange differences | 823 | 97 | 920 | - | - | - |
| At 31 December 2017 | 360,814 | 28,952 | 389,766 | 1,179,903 | 94,677 | 1,274,580 |
| Depreciation | ||||||
| At 1 January 2017 | 86,822 | - | 86,822 | 284,663 | - | 284,663 |
| Charged for the year | 23,877 | - | 23,877 | 78,078 | - | 78,078 |
| Exchange differences | 226 | - | 226 | - | - | - |
| At 31 December 2017 | 110,925 | - | 110,925 | 362,741 | - | 362,741 |
| NBV | ||||||
| At 31 December 2017 | 249,889 | 28,952 | 278,841 | 817,162 | 94,677 | 911,839 |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
The Company's present and future assets (except jointly owned with NNPC/NPDC) along with all equipment, machinery and immovable property situated on the property to which the oil mining leases relate are pledged as security for the syndicate loan (Note 24).
Assets under construction represent costs capitalised in connection with the development of the Company's oil fields and other property, plant and equipment not yet ready for their intended use. Some of which are qualifying assets which take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use. A capitalisation rate has been determined and used to capitalise borrowing cost from the Company's general borrowings. Borrowing costs capitalised during the year amounted to ₦1.98 billion, 2016: Nil (US$6.48 million, 2016: Nil).
14b. Other property, plant and equipment
| Plant & machinery | Motor vehicle |
Office Furniture & IT equipment |
Leasehold improvements | Total | |
| Cost | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million |
| At 1 January 2016 | 797 | 1,346 | 2,467 | 626 | 5,236 |
| Additions | 163 | 118 | 711 | - | 992 |
| Disposals | - | (28) | - | (137) | (165) |
| Exchange differences | 502 | 744 | 928 | 375 | 2,549 |
| At 31 December 2016 | 1,462 | 2,180 | 4,106 | 864 | 8,612 |
| Depreciation | |||||
| At 1 January 2016 | 339 | 679 | 1,721 | 279 | 3,018 |
| Disposals | - | (14) | - | - | (14) |
| Charge for the year | 216 | 327 | 649 | 144 | 1,336 |
| Exchange differences | 222 | 417 | 1,042 | 177 | 1,858 |
| At 31 December 2016 | 777 | 1,409 | 3,412 | 600 | 6,198 |
| NBV | |||||
| At 31 December 2016 | 685 | 771 | 694 | 264 | 2,414 |
| Cost | |||||
| At 1 January 2017 | 1,462 | 2,180 | 4,106 | 864 | 8,612 |
| Addition | 122 | 169 | 136 | 13 | 440 |
| Disposal | - | (141) | - | - | (141) |
| Exchange differences | 4 | 5 | 12 | 3 | 24 |
| At 31 December 2017 | 1,588 | 2,213 | 4,254 | 880 | 8,935 |
| Depreciation | |||||
| At 1 January 2017 | 777 | 1,409 | 3,412 | 600 | 6,198 |
| Disposals | - | (82) | - | - | (82) |
| Charge for the year | 267 | 364 | 515 | 119 | 1,265 |
| Exchange differences | 2 | 4 | 9 | 2 | 17 |
| At 31 December 2017 | 1,046 | 1,695 | 3,936 | 721 | 7,398 |
| NBV | |||||
| At 31 December 2017 | 542 | 518 | 318 | 159 | 1,537 |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
| Plant & machinery | Motor vehicle |
Office Furniture & IT equipment |
Leasehold improvements | Total | |
| Cost | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 |
| At 1 January 2016 | 4,007 | 6,773 | 12,406 | 3,150 | 26,336 |
| Additions | 786 | 509 | 1,057 | - | 2,352 |
| Disposals | - | (136) | - | (317) | (453) |
| At 31 December 2016 | 4,793 | 7,146 | 13,463 | 2,833 | 28,235 |
| Depreciation | |||||
| At 1 January 2016 | 1,706 | 3,416 | 8,656 | 1,404 | 15,182 |
| Disposals | - | (68) | - | - | (68) |
| Charge for the year | 840 | 1,273 | 2,531 | 563 | 5,207 |
| At 31 December 2016 | 2,546 | 4,621 | 11,187 | 1,967 | 20,321 |
| NBV | |||||
| At 31 December 2016 | 2,247 | 2,525 | 2,276 | 866 | 7,914 |
| Cost | |||||
| At 1 January 2017 | 4,793 | 7,146 | 13,463 | 2,833 | 28,235 |
| Addition | 399 | 554 | 446 | 43 | 1,442 |
| Disposal | - | (462) | - | - | (462) |
| At 31 December 2017 | 5,192 | 7,238 | 13,909 | 2,876 | 29,215 |
| Depreciation | |||||
| At 1 January 2017 | 2,546 | 4,621 | 11,187 | 1,967 | 20,321 |
| Disposal | - | (268) | - | - | (268) |
| Charge for the year | 876 | 1,189 | 1,683 | 389 | 4,137 |
| At 31 December 2017 | 3,422 | 5,542 | 12,870 | 2,356 | 24,190 |
| NBV | |||||
| At 31 December 2017 | 1,770 | 1,696 | 1,039 | 520 | 5,025 |
15. Prepayments
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| Non-current | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 |
| Tax paid in advance | 9,670 | 9,645 | 31,623 | 31,623 |
| Rent | 287 | 608 | 939 | 1,993 |
| 9,957 | 10,253 | 32,562 | 33,616 | |
| Current | ||||
| Rent | 173 | 793 | 565 | 2,600 |
| Others | 340 | 1,190 | 1,109 | 3,900 |
| 513 | 1,983 | 1,674 | 6,500 | |
| Total prepayments | 10,470 | 12,236 | 34,236 | 40,116 |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
Included in non-current prepayments are the following:
15a. Tax paid in advance
In 2013 and 2014 Petroleum Profit Tax payments (2013: ₦8.6 billion and 2014: ₦0.88 billion) (2013: US$28.7 million and 2014: US$2.9 million) were made by the Company prior to obtaining a pioneer status. This was accounted for as a tax credit under non-current prepayments until a future date when the Company will be expected to offset it against its tax liability. The current tax liability for the year has been utilised against tax losses brought forward. The current tax liability for the year has been utilised against tax losses brought forward has been utilised against current tax liability for the year.
15b. Rent
In 2014, the Company entered into three new commercial leases in relation to three buildings that it occupies two in Lagos and one in Delta state. Two of the non-cancellable leases which relate to buildings in Lagos expire in 2019 and 2018 respectively. The rent on the building in Delta state has been renewed and now expires in 2021. The Company has prepaid these rents. The long-term portion as at 31 December 2017 is ₦0.2 billion, 2016: ₦0.6 billion (US$0.9 million, 2016: US$1.9 million).
16. Investment in subsidiaries
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Newton Energy Limited | 290 | 290 | 950 | 950 |
| Seplat Petroleum Development UK | 15 | 15 | 50 | 50 |
| Seplat East Onshore Ltd | 10 | 10 | 32 | 32 |
| Seplat East Swamp Ltd | 10 | 10 | 32 | 32 |
| Seplat Gas Company | 10 | - | 32 | - |
| ANOH Gas Processing Company Limited | 10 | - | 33 | - |
| 345 | 325 | 1,129 | 1,064 |
17. Inventories
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Tubular, casing and wellheads | 29,576 | 31,295 | 96,719 | 102,608 |
Inventory represents the value of tubulars, casings and wellheads. The inventory is carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Included in cost of sales is ₦1.3 billion, 2016: ₦30.6 million (US$4.3 million, 2016: US$0.1 million) representing inventory charged to profit or loss during the year. There was no inventory written down for the year ended 31 December 2017.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
18. Trade and other receivables
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Trade receivables | 30,890 | 21,061 | 101,011 | 69,052 |
| Nigerian Petroleum Development Company (NPDC) receivables | 34,453 | 69,776 | 112,664 | 228,774 |
| National Petroleum Investment Management Services | - | - | - | - |
| Intercompany receivables | 231,348 | 218,266 | 756,532 | 715,625 |
| Advances on investments | 188 | - | 613 | 1 |
| Advances to related parties | 27,854 | 14,132 | 91,086 | 46,335 |
| Advances to suppliers | 1,929 | 2,467 | 6,307 | 8,087 |
| Other receivables | 866 | 344 | 2,831 | 1,129 |
| 327,528 | 326,046 | 1,071,044 | 1,069,003 |
18a. Trade receivables
Included in trade receivables is an amount due from Nigerian Gas Company (NGC) and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) of ₦22 billion, 2016: ₦20 billion (US$72 million, 2016: US$67 million) with respect to the sale of gas.
18b. NPDC receivables
NPDC receivables represent the outstanding cash calls due to Seplat from its JV partner, Nigerian Petroleum Development Company. In this reporting period, impairment loss on NPDC receivables were reversed (2016: ₦2.27 billion, US$10.3 million impairment loss recognised). As at 31 December 2017, the undiscounted value of this receivable is ₦34 billion, 2016: ₦72 billion (US$113 million, 2016: US$239 million).
19. Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents in the statement of financial position comprise cash at banks and on hand, short-term deposits with a maturity of three months or less and restricted cash balances.
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Cash on hand | 3 | 2 | 9 | 7 |
| Restricted cash | 19,166 | 19,887 | 62,674 | 65,203 |
| Cash at bank | 98,051 | 25,061 | 320,638 | 82,167 |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 117,220 | 44,950 | 383,321 | 147,377 |
At 31 December 2017, cash at bank includes the debt service reserve of ₦19 billion, 2016: ₦19.9 billion (US$62 million, 2016: US$65 million) deposited pursuant to the covenant in relation to the bank syndicated loan. The debt service reserve account balance is the amount equal to at least the aggregate of the amounts of principal and interest projected to fall due on the next successive principal repayment dates and dates for the payment of interest.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
20. Share capital
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Authorised ordinary share capital | ||||
| 1,000,000,000 ordinary shares denominated in Naira of 50 kobo per share | 500 | 500 | 3,335 | 3,335 |
| Issued and fully paid | ||||
| 563,444,561 (2016: 563,444,561) issued shares denominated in Naira of 50 kobo per share | 283 | 283 | 1,826 | 1,826 |
20a. Employee share based payment scheme
In 2017, the Company gave share awards of 33,697,792 shares (2016: 25,448,071 shares) to certain employees and senior executives in line with its share based incentive scheme. During the year ended 31 December 2017, no shares were vested. In 2016, 2,868,460 shares had vested resulting in an increase in number of issued and fully paid ordinary shares of 50k each from 561 million to 563 million.
Fully paid ordinary shares carry one vote per share and carry the right to dividends. During 2013, the Company sub-divided its shares from 1 to 0.50 per share resulting in an increase in the number of shares issued from 100 million to 200 million ordinary shares. On 31 July 2013, the number of ordinary shares was increased to 400 million by way of a bonus issue to existing shareholders; these were issued from the revenue reserve. In August 2013 the authorised share capital was increased from 400 million to 1 billion denominated in 0.50 per share.
20b. Share based payment reserve
The Company has made a number of share-based awards under incentive plans since its IPO in 2014: IPO-related grants to Executive and Non-Executive Directors, 2014/2015/2016 deferred bonus awards and 2014/2015/2016/2017 Long-term Incentive plan ('LTIP') awards. Shares under these incentive plans were awarded at the IPO in April 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 conditional on the Nigerian Stock Exchange ('NSE') approving the share delivery mechanism proposed by the Company.
Description of the awards valued
Seplat Deferred Bonus Award
25% of each Executive Director's 2014, 2015 and 2016 bonus (paid in 2015, 2016 and 2017 respectively) has been deferred into shares and is released on 1 June 2017, 1 June 2018 and 20 April 2019 respectively subject to continued employment. No performance criteria are attached to this award. As a result the fair value of these awards is the share price at the actual date of grant.
Long Term Incentive Plan (LTIP) awards
Under the LTIP Plan, shares are granted to management staff of the organisation at the end of every year. The shares were granted to the employees at no cost. The shares vest (after 3 years) based on the following conditions.
· 50% award vesting where the reserves growth was more than a 10% decrease.
· Straight line basis between 50% and 100% where reserves growth was between a 10% decrease and a 10% increase.
· 100% award vesting where the reserves growth is equal to or greater than a 10% increase.
· If the Company outperforms the median TSR performance level with the LTIP exploration and production comparator group.
The LTIP awards have been approved by the NSE.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
The expense recognised for employee services received during the year is shown in the following table:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Expense arising from equity-settled share-based payment transactions | 1,735 | 869 | 5,674 | 3,406 |
There were no cancellations to the awards in 2017 or 2016. The share awards granted to Executive Directors and confirmed employees are summarised below.
| Scheme | Deemed grant date | Start of Service Period | End of service period | Number of awards |
| Global Bonus Offer | 4 November 2015 | 9 April 2014 | 9 April 2015 | 6,472,138 |
| Non- Executive Shares | 4 November 2015 | 9 April 2014 | 9 April 2015 | 793,650 |
| 2014 Deferred Bonus | 14 December 2015 | 14 December 2015 | 21 April 2017 | 212,701 |
| 2014 Long term incentive Plan | 14 December 2015 | 14 December 2015 | 09 April 2017 | 2,173,259 |
| 2015 Long term incentive Plan | 31 December 2015 | 14 December 2015 | 21 April 2018 | 5,287,354 |
| 2015 Deferred Bonus | 21 April 2016 | 21 April 2016 | 20 April 2018 | 247,610 |
| 2016 Long term incentive Plan | 22 December 2016 | 22 December 2016 | 21 December 2019 | 10,294,300 |
| 2016 Deferred Bonus | 24 November 2017 | 24 November 2017 | 20 April 2019 | 278,191 |
| 2017 Long term incentive Plan | 24 November 2017 | 24 November 2017 | 20 April 2020 | 7,938,589 |
| 33,697,792 |
Share awards used in the calculation of diluted earnings per shares are based on the outstanding shares as at 31 December 2017.
| Share award scheme (all awards) | 2017 Number |
2017 WAEP N |
2016 Number |
2016 WAEP N |
| Outstanding at 1 January | 1,540,024 | 205.87 | 4,249,000 | 298.26 |
| Granted during the year | 6,665,749 | 262.45 | 159,484 | 356.35 |
| Forfeited during the year | - | - | - | - |
| Exercised during the year | - | - | (2,868,460) | 15.23 |
| Outstanding at 31 December | 8,205,773 | 251.64 | 1,540,024 | 205.87 |
| Exercisable at 31 December | - | - | - | - |
| Share award scheme (all awards) | 2017 Number |
2017 WAEP US$ |
2016 Number |
2016 WAEP US$ |
| Outstanding at 1 January | 1,540,024 | 0.67 | 4,249,000 | 1.50 |
| Granted during the year | 6,665,749 | 0.86 | 159,484 | 1.17 |
| Forfeited during the year | - | - | - | - |
| Exercised during the year | - | - | (2,868,460) | 0.05 |
| Outstanding at 31 December | 8,205,773 | 0.82 | 1,540,024 | 0.67 |
| Exercisable at 31 December | - | - | - | - |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
Movements during the year
The following table illustrates the number and weighted average exercise prices ('WAEP') of and movements in deferred bonus scheme and long term incentive plan during the year for each available scheme.
| Deferred Bonus Scheme | 2017 Number |
2017 WAEP N |
2016 Number |
2016 WAEP N |
| Outstanding at 1 January | 427,370 | 399.55 | 212,701 | 224.69 |
| *Granted during the year | 311,132 | 428.69 | 214,669 | 380.04 |
| Forfeited during the year | - | - | - | - |
| Exercised during the year | - | - | - | - |
| Outstanding at 31 December | 738,502 | 412.05 | 427,370 | 399.55 |
| Exercisable at 31 December | - | - | - | - |
| Deferred Bonus Scheme | 2017 Number |
2017 WAEP US$ |
2016 Number |
2016 WAEP US$ |
| Outstanding at 1 January | 427,370 | 1.31 | 212,701 | 1.13 |
| *Granted during the year | 311,132 | 1.40 | 214,669 | 1.49 |
| Forfeited during the year | - | - | - | - |
| Exercised during the year | - | - | - | - |
| Outstanding at 31 December | 738,502 | 1.35 | 427,370 | 1.31 |
| Exercisable at 31 December | - | - | - | - |
* In 2017, the Company increased the number of shares attributable to the 2015 Deferred Bonus scheme by 32,914 shares following a revaluation of the total number of share awards applicable to the scheme. The fair value per share of the additional shares at the date of the modification were determined to be N 380.04(US$ 1.49). There were no incremental changes in the fair value per share and the vesting period did not change as the additional shares were assumed to have been issued in the same period and with the same terms as the original shares granted.
The increase in share based payment expense of N 12.7 million (US$ 41,513) was calculated using the portion of the additional number of shares issued and the fair value per share at the original grant date. The amount is recognised as an expense in the current period until the end of the vesting period. The expense for the original scheme will continue to be recognised as if the terms had not been modified.
The fair value of the modified options was determined using the same models and principles as described in the table below on the inputs to the models used for the scheme.
| Long term incentive Plan (LTIP) | 2017 Number |
2017 WAEP N |
2016 Number |
2016 WAEP N |
| Outstanding at 1 January | 14,886,453 | 253.2 | 7,460,613 | 151.12 |
| Granted during the year | 7,938,589 | 367.45 | 10,294,300 | 227.10 |
| Forfeited during the year | - | - | - | - |
| Exercised during the year | - | - | (2,868,460) | 15.23 |
| Outstanding at 31 December | 22,825,042 | 292.25 | 14,886,453 | 253.2 |
| Exercisable at 31 December | - | - | - | - |
| Long term incentive Plan (LTIP) | 2017 Number |
2017 WAEP US$ |
2016 Number |
2016 WAEP US$ |
| Outstanding at 1 January | 14,886,453 | 0.83 | 7,460,613 | 0.76 |
| Granted during the year | 7,938,589 | 1.20 | 10,294,300 | 0.89 |
| Forfeited during the year | - | - | - | - |
| Exercised during the year | - | - | (2,868,460) | 0.05 |
| Outstanding at 31 December | 22,825,042 | 0.96 | 14,886,453 | 0.83 |
| Exercisable at 31 December | - | - | - | - |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
The shares are granted to the employees at no cost.
The weighted average remaining contractual life for the share awards outstanding as at 31 December 2017 range from 0.3 to 2.3 years.
The weighted average fair value of awards granted during the year range from ₦366.9 to ₦428.1 (US$1.20 to US$1.40).
The exercise prices for options outstanding at the end of the year range from ₦293.5 to ₦412.8 (US$0.96 to US$1.35).
The fair value at grant date is independently determined using the Monte Carlo Model which takes into account the exercise price, the term of the option, the share price at grant date and expected price volatility of the underlying share, the expected dividend yield, the risk free interest rate for the term of the option and the correlations and volatilities of the peer group companies.
The expected price volatility is based on the historic volatility (based on the remaining life of the options), adjusted for any expected changes to future volatility due to publicly available information.
The following table lists the inputs to the models used for the two plans for the year ended 31 December 2017:
| 2016 Deferred bonus |
2016 LTIP |
2017 LTIP |
||
| Weighted average fair values at the measurement date | ||||
| Dividend yield (%) | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | |
| Expected volatility (%) | n/a | 56% | 42.9% | |
| Risk-free interest rate (%) | n/a | 0.63% | 0.44% | |
| Expected life of share options | 1.40 | 2.35 | 2.40 | |
| Weighted average share price ($) | 1.40 | 1.497 | 1.40 | |
| Weighted average share price (₦) | 428.12 | 457.78 | 428.12 | |
| Model used | n/a | Monte Carlo | Monte Carlo |
20c. Share Premium
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Share premium | 82,080 | 82,080 | 497,457 | 497,457 |
Section 120.2 of Companies and Allied Matters Act, CAP C20, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004 requires that where a Company issues shares at premium (i.e. above the par value), the value of the premium should be transferred to share premium.
21. Capital contribution
This represents M&P additional cash contribution to the Company. In accordance with the Shareholders' Agreement, the amount was used by the Company for working capital as was required at the commencement of operations.
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Capital contribution | 5,932 | 5,932 | 40,000 | 40,000 |
21. Foreign currency translation reserve
Cumulative foreign exchange differences arising from translation of the Company's results and financial position into the presentation currency and from the translation of foreign subsidiary is recognized in foreign currency translation reserve.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
23. Interest bearing loans and borrowings
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| Non-Current | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 |
| Bank borrowings | 93,170 | 136,060 | 304,677 | 446,098 |
41a. Current
| Bank borrowings | 81,159 | 66,489 | 265,400 | 217,998 |
| Total borrowings | 174,329 | 202,549 | 570,077 | 664,096 |
Bank loan
Syndicate credit facility
On 31 December 2014, Seplat signed a ₦518 billion (US$1.7 billion) debt refinancing package, made up of the following facilities:
| ● | ₦214 billion (US$700 million) seven year term loan with an ability to stretch it to ₦427 billion (US$1.4billion) contingent on a qualifying acquisition with a consortium of five local banks. This facility has a seven year maturity period. |
| ● | ₦91 billion (US$300 million) three year corporate revolving loan primarily to manage working capital requirements with a consortium of eight international banks. This facility has a three year maturity period. |
As at 31 December 2017, there were no further draw downs (2016: Nil) of this facility. Interest accrues monthly on the principal amount outstanding at the LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 6.5 to 8.5%. Principal and interest repayments in 2017 were made, the outstanding balance as at 31 December 2017 is ₦176 billion, 2016: ₦206 billion (US$578 million, 2016: US$676million).
The following is the analysis of the principal outstanding showing the lenders of the facility as at the year end
| 31 December 2017 Term Loan |
Interest | Current ₦ million |
Non-Current ₦ million |
Total ₦ million |
Current US$'000 |
Non-Current US$'000 |
Total US$'000 |
| SBSA | 8.5% + LIBOR | 1,709 | 3,673 | 5,382 | 5,588 | 12,012 | 17,600 |
| Stanbic | 8.5% + LIBOR | 1,709 | 3,673 | 5,382 | 5,588 | 12,012 | 17,600 |
| FBN | 8.5% + LIBOR | 10,070 | 21,651 | 31,721 | 32,931 | 70,800 | 103,731 |
| UBA | 8.5% + LIBOR | 11,402 | 24,513 | 35,915 | 37,285 | 80,160 | 117,445 |
| Zenith Bank | 8.5% + LIBOR | 18,243 | 39,221 | 57,464 | 59,656 | 128,256 | 187,912 |
| Allan Gray | 8.5% + LIBOR | 1,331 | 2,862 | 4,193 | 4,353 | 9,359 | 13,712 |
| 44,464 | 95,593 | 140,057 | 145,401 | 312,599 | 458,000 |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
| 31 December 2017 | Current | Non-Current | Total | Current | Non-Current | Total | |
| Corporate loan | Interest | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$'000 | US$'000 | US$'000 |
| Citibank Nigeria Limited | 6% + LIBOR | 4,280 | - | 4,280 | 14,000 | - | 14,000 |
| Firstrand Bank Limited Acting | 6% + LIBOR | 3,668 | - | 3,668 | 12,000 | - | 12,000 |
| JPMorgan Chase Bank N A London | 6% + LIBOR | 3,668 | - | 3,668 | 12,000 | - | 12,000 |
| Nedbank Limited, London Branch | 6% + LIBOR | 3,668 | - | 3,668 | 12,000 | - | 12,000 |
| The Mauritius Commercial Bank Plc | 6% + LIBOR | 3,668 | - | 3,668 | 12,000 | - | 12,000 |
| Standard Chartered Bank | 6% + LIBOR | 5,503 | - | 5,503 | 18,000 | - | 18,000 |
| Natixis | 6% + LIBOR | 5,503 | - | 5,503 | 18,000 | - | 18,000 |
| Stanbic Ibtc Bank Plc | 6% + LIBOR | 2,751 | - | 2,751 | 9,000 | - | 9,000 |
| The Standard Bank Of South Africa | 6% + LIBOR | 3,974 | - | 3,974 | 13,000 | - | 13,000 |
| 36,683 | - | 36,683 | 120,000 | - | 120,000 |
| 31 December 2016 | Current | Non-Current | Total | Current | Non-Current | Total | |
| Term Loan | Interest | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$'000 | US$'000 | US$'000 |
| SBSA | 8.5% + LIBOR | 504 | 5,368 | 5,872 | 1,652 | 17,601 | 19,253 |
| Stanbic | 8.5% + LIBOR | 504 | 5,368 | 5,872 | 1,652 | 17,601 | 19,253 |
| FBN | 8.5% + LIBOR | 3,363 | 35,821 | 39,184 | 11,026 | 117,445 | 128,471 |
| UBA | 8.5% + LIBOR | 3,363 | 35,821 | 39,184 | 11,026 | 117,445 | 128,471 |
| Zenith Bank | 8.5% + LIBOR | 5,381 | 57,313 | 62,694 | 17,642 | 187,910 | 205,552 |
| 13,115 | 139,691 | 152,806 | 42,998 | 458,002 | 501,000 |
| 31 December 2016 Corporate loan |
Interest | Current ₦ million |
Non-Current ₦ million |
Total ₦ million |
Current US$'000 |
Non-Current US$'000 |
Total US$'000 |
| Citibank Nigeria Limited | 6% + LIBOR | 8,006 | - | 8,006 | 26,250 | - | 26,250 |
| Firstrand Bank Limited Acting | 6% + LIBOR | 5,338 | - | 5,338 | 17,500 | - | 17,500 |
| JPMorgan Chase Bank N A London | 6% + LIBOR | 5,338 | - | 5,338 | 17,500 | - | 17,500 |
| Nedbank Limited, London Branch | 6% + LIBOR | 5,338 | - | 5,338 | 17,500 | - | 17,500 |
| Bank Of America Merrill Lynch | 6% + LIBOR | 5,338 | - | 5,338 | 17,500 | - | 17,500 |
| Standard Chartered Bank | 6% + LIBOR | 8,006 | - | 8,006 | 26,250 | - | 26,250 |
| Natixis | 6% + LIBOR | 8,006 | - | 8,006 | 26,250 | - | 26,250 |
| Stanbic Ibtc Bank Plc | 6% + LIBOR | 4,002 | - | 4,002 | 13,125 | - | 13,125 |
| The Standard Bank Of South Africa | 6% + LIBOR | 4,002 | - | 4,002 | 13,125 | - | 13,125 |
| 53,374 | - | 53,374 | 175,000 | - | 175,000 |
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | ||
| Loans | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$'000 | US$'000 | |
| Term loan | 140,057 | 152,806 | 458,000 | 501,000 | |
| Corporate loan | 36,683 | 53,374 | 120,000 | 175,000 | |
| Less: Capitalised loan transaction costs | (2,411) | (3,631) | (7,923) | (11,904) | |
| 174,329 | 202,549 | 570,077 | 664,096 |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
Below is the net debt reconciliation on interest bearing loans and borrowings.
| Borrowings due within 1 year |
Borrowings due above 1 year |
Total | Borrowings due within 1 year |
Borrowings due above 1 year |
Total | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | US$'000 | US$'000 | US$'000 | |
| Balance as at 1 January 2017 | 66,489 | 136,060 | 202,549 | 217,998 | 446,098 | 664,096 |
| Effective interest | 22,430 | - | 22,430 | 73,347 | 73,347 | |
| Effect of loan restructuring | (8,807) | 8,807 | - | (28,798) | 28,798 | |
| Reclassification | 52,055 | (52,055) | - | 170,219 | (170,219) | - |
| Principal repayment | (29,970) | - | (29,970) | (98,000) | - | (98,000) |
| Interest repayment | (21,213) | - | (21,213) | (69,366) | - | (69,366) |
| Exchange differences | 175 | 358 | 533 | - | - | - |
| Balance as at 31 December 2017 | 81,159 | 93,170 | 174,329 | 265,400 | 304,677 | 570,077 |
24. Provision for decommissioning obligation
| ₦ million | US$ '000 | |
| At 1 January 2016 | 591 | 2,971 |
| Unwinding of discount due to passage of time | 87 | 330 |
| Deconsolidation of subsidiary | - | - |
| Change in estimate | (903) | (2,962) |
| Exchange difference | 328 | - |
| At 31 December 2016 | 103 | 339 |
| At 1 January 2017 | 103 | 339 |
| Unwinding of discount due to passage of time | 17 | 54 |
| Change in estimate | 30,596 | 100,054 |
| At 31 December 2017 | 30,716 | 100,447 |
The Company makes full provision for the future cost of decommissioning oil production facilities on a discounted basis at the commencement of production. This relates to the removal of assets as well as their associated restoration costs. This obligation is recorded in the period in which the liability meets the definition of a "probable future sacrifice of economic benefits arising from a present obligation", and in which it can be reasonably measured.
The provision represents the present value of estimated future expenditure to be incurred from 2027 to 2047 which is the current expectation as to when the producing facilities are expected to cease operations. Management engaged a third party to assist with an estimate of the expenditure to be incurred from 2027 to 2047. These provisions were based on estimations carried out by DeGolyer and MacNaughton based on current assumptions on the economic environment which management believes to be a reasonable basis upon which to estimate the future liability. These estimates are reviewed regularly to take into account any material changes to the assumptions. However, actual decommissioning costs will ultimately depend upon future market prices for necessary decommissioning works required that will reflect market conditions at the relevant time. Furthermore, the timing of decommissioning is likely to depend on when the fields cease to produce at economically viable rates.
Following the review of the current assumptions for the year ended 31 December 2017, the risk-free discount rate and inflation rate were adjusted to reflect economic reality in the primary economic environment in which the Company operates.
As a result the change in estimate in the current year for the Company amounted to ₦30.7 billion, 2016: ₦0.9 billion (US$100m, 2016: US$2.9m)
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
| Current estimated life span of reserves | ||
| 2017 | 2016 | |
| In years | In years | |
| Seplat Petroleum Development Company: | 2027 | 2045 |
| OML 4 | 2034 | 2056 |
| OML 38 | 2027 - 2034 | 2052 |
| OML 41 | 2034 | 2066 |
25. Employee benefit obligation
25a. Defined contribution plan
The Company contributes to a funded defined contribution retirement benefit scheme for its employees in compliance with the provisions of the Pension Reform Act 2014. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions to an approved Pension Fund Administrator ('PFA') - a separate entity. The assets of the scheme are managed by various Pension Fund Administrators patronised by employees of the Company. The Company's contributions are charged to the profit and loss account in the year to which they relate. The amount payable as at 31 December 2017 was ₦59 million, 2016: ₦127 million (US$195,304 2016: US$419,005). This is included in Trade and other payable.
25b. Defined benefit plan
The Company commenced its unfunded defined benefit plan (gratuity) in July 2015. The Company makes provisions for gratuity for employees from day one of employment in the Company. The employee qualifies to receive the gratuity after five years of continuous service. The employee's entitlement to the accrued benefits occurs on retirement from the Company. The level of benefits provided depends on the member's length of service and salary at retirement age. The gratuity liability is adjusted for inflation, interest rate risks, changes in salary and changes in the life expectancy for the beneficiaries. The provision for gratuity was based on an independent actuarial valuation performed by Logic Professional Services (LPS) using the projected unit credit method.
The Company does not maintain any assets for the gratuity plan but ensures that it has sufficient funds for the obligations as they crystallise.
The following tables summarise the components of net benefit expense recognised in the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income and in the statement of financial position for the respective plans:
i) Liability recognised in the financial position
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Defined benefit obligation | 1,994 | 1,559 | 6,518 | 5,112 |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
ii) Amount recognised in profit or loss
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Present value of obligation | ||||
| Current service cost | 444 | 474 | 1,451 | 1,554 |
| Past service cost due to curtailment | (180) | - | (589) | - |
| Interest cost on benefit obligation | 238 | 162 | 779 | 530 |
| 502 | 636 | 1,641 | 2,084 |
The Company recognises a part of its defined benefit expenses in profit or loss and recharges the other part to its joint operations partners, this is recognised as a receivable from the partners. Below is the breakdown:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Charged to receivables | - | 396 | - | 1,146 |
| Charged to profit or loss | 502 | 240 | 1,641 | 938 |
| 502 | 636 | 1,641 | 2,084 |
iii) Re-measurement (gains)/losses in other comprehensive income
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Remeasurement losses/(gains) due to changes in financial and demographic assumptions | 172 | (558) | 561 | (1,829) |
| Remeasurement (gains)/losses due to experience adjustment | (82) | 177 | (267) | 578 |
| 90 | (381) | 294 | (1,251) |
The Company recognises a part of the remeasurement gains/losses in other comprehensive income and recharges/credits the other part to its joint operations partners, this is recognised as a receivable from the partners. Below is the breakdown:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Credited to receivables | - | (209) | - | (688) |
| Credited to other comprehensive income | 90 | (172) | 294 | (563) |
| 90 | (381) | 294 | (1,251) |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
iv) Changes in the present value of the defined benefit obligation are as follows:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Defined benefit obligation as at 1 January | 1,559 | 1,377 | 5,112 | 6,926 |
| Current service cost | 444 | 474 | 1,451 | 1,554 |
| Past service cost due to curtailment | (180) | - | (589) | - |
| Interest cost | 238 | 162 | 779 | 530 |
| Remeasurement losses/(gains) | 90 | (381) | 294 | (1,251) |
| Benefits paid by the employer | (163) | (74) | (532) | (242) |
| Exchange differences | 6 | 1 | 3 | (2,405) |
| Defined benefit obligation at 31 December | 1,994 | 1,559 | 6,518 | 5,112 |
v) The principal assumptions used in determining defined benefit obligations for the Company's plans are shown below:
| 2017 % |
2016 % |
|
| Discount rate | 14 | 16 |
| Average future pay increase | 12 | 13 |
| Average future rate of inflation | 12 | 12 |
a) Mortality in service
| Number of deaths in year out of 10,000 lives | ||
| Sample age | 2017 | 2016 |
| 25 | 7 | 7 |
| 30 | 7 | 7 |
| 35 | 9 | 9 |
| 40 | 14 | 14 |
| 45 | 26 | 26 |
b) Withdrawal from service
| Rates | ||
| Age band | 2017 | 2016 |
| Less than or equal to 30 | 1.0% | 1.0% |
| 31 - 39 | 1.5% | 1.5% |
| 40 - 44 | 1.5% | 1.5% |
| 45 - 55 | 1.0% | 1.0% |
| 56 - 60 | 0.0% | 0.0% |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
c) A quantitative sensitivity analysis for significant assumption as at 31 December 2017 is as shown below:
| Base | Discount Rate | Salary increases | Mortality | |||||
| Assumptions | 1% increase ₦ million |
1% decrease ₦ million |
1% increase ₦ million |
1% decrease ₦ million |
1% increase ₦ million |
1% decrease ₦ million |
||
| Sensitivity Level: Impact on the net defined benefit obligation |
||||||||
| 31 December 2017 | 1,994 | (215) | 253 | 266 | (229) | 27 | (28) | |
| 31 December 2016 | 1,559 | (145) | 170 | 180 | (156) | 9 | (9) | |
| Base | Discount Rate | Salary increases | Mortality | |||||
| Assumptions | 1% increase US$'000 |
1% decrease US$'000 |
1% increase US$'000 |
1% decrease US$'000 |
1% increase US$'000 |
1% decrease US$'000 |
||
| Sensitivity Level: Impact on the net defined benefit obligation |
||||||||
| 31 December 2017 | 6,518 | (704) | 828 | 869 | (749) | 88 | (91) | |
| 31 December 2016 | 5,112 | (476) | 556 | 591 | (511) | 31 | (30) | |
The sensitivity analyses above have been determined based on a method that extrapolates the impact on net defined benefit obligation as a result of reasonable changes in key assumptions occurring at the end of the reporting period. The methods and assumptions used in preparing the sensitivity analysis did not change compared to prior period.
The following payments are expected contributions to be made in the future years out of the defined benefit plan obligation:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Within the next 12 months (next annual reporting period) | 70 | 111 | 228 | 364 |
| Between 2 and 5 years | 926 | 887 | 3,028 | 2,909 |
| Between 5 and 10 years | 3,796 | 2,413 | 12,412 | 7,912 |
| 4,792 | 3,411 | 15,668 | 11,185 |
The weighted average liability duration for the Plan is 11.96 years. The longest weighted duration for Nigerian Government bond as at 31st December 2017 was about 6.37 years with a gross redemption yield of about 14.12%.
d) Risk exposure
Through its defined benefit pension plans and post-employment medical plans, the Company is exposed to a number of risks. The most significant of which are detailed below:
i) Liquidity risk
The plan liabilities are unfunded and as a result, there is a risk of the Group not having the required cash flow to fund future defined benefit obligations as they fall due.
ii) Inflation risk
This is the risk of an unexpected significant rise/fall of market interest rates. A rise leads to a fall in long term asset values and a rise in liability values.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
iii) Life expectancy
The majority of the plans' obligations are to provide benefits for the life of the member, so increases in life expectancy will result in an increase in the plans' liabilities. This is particularly significant, where inflationary increases result in higher sensitivity to changes in life expectancy.
26. Trade and other payables
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Trade payable | 15,119 | 29,342 | 49,440 | 96,205 |
| Accruals and other payables | 30,758 | 20,392 | 100,580 | 66,858 |
| Pension payable | 59 | 127 | 195 | 419 |
| NDDC levy | 2,363 | 6 | 7,728 | 19 |
| Deferred revenue | 41,970 | 10,727 | 137,248 | 35,171 |
| Royalties | 14,364 | 8,469 | 46,971 | 27,766 |
| Intercompany payable | 30,772 | 16,982 | 100,630 | 55,681 |
| 135,405 | 86,045 | 442,792 | 282,119 |
Included in accruals and other payables are field-related accruals of ₦12 billion, 2016: ₦10.7 billion (US$39 million, 2016: US$35 million) and other vendor payables of ₦19 billion, 2016: ₦9 billion (US$63 million, 2016: US$32 million). Deferred revenue includes advance payments for crude oil sales of ₦41 billion, 2016: ₦10 billion (US$136 million, 2016: US$34 million) and royalties include accruals in respect of gas sales for which payment is outstanding at the end of the year.
27. Earnings/(loss) per share (EPS/LPS)
Basic
Basic EPS/LPS is calculated on the Company's profit or loss after taxation attributable to the Company and on the basis of weighted average of issued and fully paid ordinary shares at the end of the year.
Diluted
Diluted EPS/LPS is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to ordinary equity holders of the Company by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year plus the weighted average number of ordinary shares that would be issued on conversion of all the dilutive potential ordinary shares (arising from outstanding share awards in the share based payment scheme) into ordinary shares.
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Profit/(loss) for the year attributable to equity holders of the parent | 96,416 | (24,840) | 315,289 | (124,412) |
| Shares '000 | Shares '000 | Shares '000 | Shares '000 | |
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares in issue | 563,445 | 563,445 | 563,445 | 563,445 |
| Share awards | 8,206 | 1,540 | 8,206 | 1,540 |
| Weighted average number of ordinary shares adjusted for the effect of dilution | 571,651 | 564,985 | 571,651 | 564,985 |
| ₦ | ₦ | US$ | US$ | |
| Basic earnings/(loss) per share | 171.12 | (44.09) | 0.56 | (0.22) |
| Diluted earnings/(loss) per share | 168.66 | (43.97) | 0.55 | (0.22) |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Profit/(loss) attributable to equity holders of the parent | 96,416 | (24,840) | 315,289 | (124,412) |
| Profit/(loss) used in determining diluted earnings/(loss) per share | 96,416 | (24,840) | 315,289 | (124,412) |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
28. Dividends paid and proposed
As at 31 December 2017, final dividend proposed was nil (2016: Nil).
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Cash dividends on ordinary shares declared and paid: | ||||
| Interim dividend for 2017: ₦Nil (US$ Nil) per share, 563,444,561 shares in issue (2016: ₦9.13, US$ 0.04) per share, 563,444,561 shares in issue) |
- | 5118 | - | 22,534 |
| Final dividend for 2017: ₦Nil (US$ Nil) per share, 563,444,561 shares in issue (2016: ₦Nil, US$ Nil) per share, 563,444,561 shares in issue) |
- | - | - | - |
| Total | - | 5,118 | - | 22,534 |
| Proposed dividends on ordinary shares: | ||||
| Total cash dividend for 2017: ₦Nil per share (US$ Nil) per share (2016: ₦9.13, US$ 0.04) per share | - | 5,118 | - | 22,534 |
29. Related party relationships and transactions
The Company is owned 8.39% either directly or by entities controlled by A.B.C Orjiako (SPDCL(BVI)) and members of his family and 13.23% either directly or by entities controlled by Austin Avuru (Professional Support Limited and Platform Petroleum Limited). The remaining shares in the parent Company are widely held.
29a. Related party relationships
The services provided by the related parties:
Abbeycourt Trading Company Limited: the Chairman of Seplat is a director and shareholder. The company provides diesel supplies to Seplat in respect of Seplat's rig operations.
Berwick Nigeria Limited: The chairman of Seplat is a shareholder and director. The company provides construction services to Seplat in relation to a field base station in Sapele.
Cardinal Drilling Services Limited (formerly Caroil Drilling Nigeria Limited): Is owned by common shareholders with the parent company. The company provides drilling rigs and drilling services to Seplat.
Charismond Nigeria Limited: The sister to the CEO works as a General Manager. The company provides administrative services including stationary and other general supplies to the field locations.
Helko Nigeria Limited: The chairman of Seplat is shareholder and director. The company owns the lease to Seplat's main office at 25A Lugard Avenue, Lagos, Nigeria.
Keco Nigeria Enterprises: The Chief Executive Officer's sister is shareholder and director. The company provides diesel supplies to Seplat in respect of its rig operations.
Montego Upstream Services Limited: The chairman's nephew is shareholder and director. The company provides drilling and engineering services to Seplat.
Nabila Resources & Investment Ltd: The chairman's in-law is a shareholder and director. The company provides lubricant to Seplat.
Stage leasing (Ndosumili Ventures Limited): is a subsidiary of Platform Petroleum Limited. The company provides transportation services to Seplat.
Neimeth International Pharmaceutical Plc: The chairman of Seplat is also the chairman of this company. The company provides medical supplies and drugs to Seplat, which are used in connection with Seplat's corporate social responsibility and community healthcare programmes.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
Nerine Support Services Limited: Is owned by common shareholders with the parent company. Seplat leases a warehouse from Nerine and the Company provides agency and contract workers to Seplat.
Oriental Catering Services Limited: The Chief Executive Officer of Seplat's spouse is shareholder and director. The company provides catering services to Seplat at the staff canteen.
ResourcePro Inter Solutions Limited: The Chief Executive Officer of Seplat's in-law is its UK representative. The company supplies furniture to Seplat.
Shebah Petroleum Development Company Limited ('BVI'): The Chairman of Seplat is a director and shareholder of SPDCL (BVI). The company provided consulting services to Seplat.
The following transactions were carried by Seplat with related parties:
29b. Related party transactions
Year-end balances arising from related party transactions
i) Purchases of goods and services
| ` | 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Shareholders of the parent company | ||||
| SPDCL (BVI) | 413 | 358 | 1,350 | 1,364 |
| Total | 413 | 358 | 1,350 | 1,364 |
| Entities controlled by key management personnel: | ||||
| Contracts > $1million in 2017 | ||||
| Nerine Support Services Limited* | 2,161 | 3,948 | 7,066 | 14,991 |
| Cardinal Drilling Services Limited | 1,001 | 1,543 | 3,272 | 6,931 |
| Helko Nigeria Limited | 444 | 560 | 1,453 | 1,976 |
| 3,606 | 6,051 | 11,791 | 23,898 | |
| Contracts < $1million in 2017 | ||||
| Montego Upstream Services Limited | 131 | 2,937 | 427 | 13,513 |
| Abbeycourt Trading Company Limited | 199 | 164 | 650 | 598 |
| Oriental Catering Services Limited | 159 | 148 | 520 | 579 |
| Keco Nigeria Enterprises | 110 | 77 | 361 | 259 |
| ResourcePro Inter Solutions Limited | 9 | 17 | 31 | 81 |
| Nabila Resources & Investment Ltd | - | 17 | - | 58 |
| Berwick Nigeria Limited | - | 6 | - | 28 |
| Neimeth International Pharmaceutical Plc | 1 | 3 | 2 | 10 |
| Charismond Nigeria Limited | 17 | - | 55 | - |
| Stage leasing(formerly Ndosumuli Venture Limited) | 171 | 422 | 560 | 1,729 |
| 797 | 3,791 | 2,606 | 16,855 | |
| 4,403 | 9,842 | 14,397 | 40,753 |
* Nerine on average charges a mark-up of 7.5% on agency and contract workers assigned to Seplat. The amounts shown above are gross i.e. it includes salaries and Nerine's mark-up. Total costs for agency and contracts during 2017 is ₦1.4 billion, 2016: ₦2.4 billion ($4.6 million, 2016:$7.9million).
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
25c. Balances:
Year-end balances arising from related party transactions
i) Prepayments/receivables
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Entities controlled by key management personnel | ||||
| Cardinal Drilling Services Limited - current portion | 1,681 | 1,894 | 5,498 | 6,211 |
| Cardinal Drilling Services Limited - non-current portion | - | - | - | - |
| 1,681 | 1,894 | 5,498 | 6,211 |
ii) Payables
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Entities controlled by key management personnel | ||||
| Montego Upstream Services Limited | 115 | 3,520 | 375 | 11,540 |
| Nerine Support Services Limited | 2 | 3,480 | 8 | 11,411 |
| Keco Nigeria Enterprises | 8 | - | 25 | - |
| Cardinal Drilling Services Limited | 292 | 308 | 954 | 1,009 |
| 417 | 7,308 | 1,362 | 23,960 |
30. Information relating to employees
30a. Key management compensation
Key management includes executive and members of the leadership team. The compensation paid or payable to key management for employee services is shown below:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Salaries and other short-term employee benefits | 5,221 | 1,252 | 17,117 | 4,104 |
| Post-employment benefits | 53 | 214 | 172 | 700 |
| Share based payment expenses | 87 | 88 | 283 | 289 |
| 5,361 | 1,554 | 17,572 | 5,093 |
30b. Chairman and Directors' emoluments
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Chairman (Non-executive) | 342 | 279 | 1,118 | 1,116 |
| Chief Executive Officer | 476 | 405 | 1,557 | 1,644 |
| Executive Directors | 284 | 458 | 928 | 1,858 |
| Non-Executive Directors | 580 | 662 | 1,897 | 2,652 |
| Bonus* | 632 | - | 2,067 | - |
| JV Partner Share | (418) | (587) | (1,367) | (1,926) |
| Total | 1,896 | 1,217 | 6,200 | 5,344 |
*This relates to 2017 accrued bonus to be paid in 2018 and 2016 bonus paid in 2017. Out of this amount, ₦401 million, 2016: nil million (US$1.3 million, 2016: US$ nil million) relates to 2017 accrued bonus to be paid in 2018 and ₦231 million, 2016: ₦nil million (US$0.7 million, 2016: US$ nil) relates to 2016 bonus paid in 2017.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
30c. Highest paid Director
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Highest paid Director | 476 | 405 | 1,557 | 1,644 |
Emoluments are inclusive of income taxes.
30d. The number of Directors (excluding the Chairman)
whose emoluments fell within the following ranges was:
| 2017 | 2016 | |
| Number | Number | |
| Zero - ₦ 19,878,000 | - | - |
| ₦19,878,001 - ₦115,597,000 | 8 | 7 |
| ₦115,597,001 - ₦157,799,000 | 1 | 1 |
| Above ₦157,799,000 | 3 | 3 |
| 12 | 11 |
| 2017 | 2016 | |
| Number | Number | |
| Zero - US$65,000 | - | - |
| US$65,001 - US$378,000 | 8 | 7 |
| US$378,001 - US$516,000 | 1 | 1 |
| Above US$516,000 | 3 | 3 |
| 12 | 11 |
30e. Employees
The number of employees (other than the Directors) whose duties were wholly or mainly discharged within Nigeria, and who earned over ₦1,988,800 (US$6,500), received remuneration (excluding pension contributions) in the following ranges:
| 2017 | 2016 | |
| Number | Number | |
| ₦1,988,000 - ₦4,893,000 | 7 | 1 |
| ₦4,893,001 - ₦9,786,000 | 21 | 33 |
| ₦9,786,001 - ₦14,679,000 | 102 | 136 |
| Above ₦14,679,000 | 269 | 220 |
| 399 | 390 |
| 2017 | 2016 | |
| Number | Number | |
| US$6,500 - US$16,000 | 7 | 1 |
| US$16,001 - US$32,000 | 21 | 33 |
| US$32,001 - US$48,000 | 102 | 136 |
| Above US$48,000 | 269 | 220 |
| 399 | 390 |
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
30f The average number of persons (excluding Directors)
in employment during the year was as follows:
| 2017 | 2016 | |
| Number | Number | |
| Senior management | 33 | 15 |
| Managers | 65 | 78 |
| Senior staff | 162 | 110 |
| Junior staff | 145 | 187 |
| 405 | 390 |
30g. Employee cost
Seplat's staff costs (excluding pension contribution) in respect of the above employees amounted to the following:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Salaries & wages | 5,326 | 9,330 | 17,417 | 20,055 |
| 5,326 | 9,330 | 17,417 | 20,055 |
31. Commitments and contingencies
31a. Operating lease commitments - company as lessee
The company leases drilling rigs, buildings, land, boats and storage facilities. The lease terms are between 1 and 5 years. The operating lease commitments of the company as at 31 December 2017 are:
| Operating lease commitments | As at 31 Dec 2017 | As at 31 Dec 2016 | As at 31 Dec 2017 |
As at 31 Dec 2016 |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | $'000 | $'000 | |
| Not later than one year | 728 | 308 | 2,382 | 1,011 |
| Later than one year and not later than five years | 565 | 1,146 | 1,846 | 3,757 |
| 1,293 | 1,454 | 4,228 | 4,768 |
31b. Contingent liabilities
The Company is involved in a number of legal suits as defendant. The estimated value of the contingent liabilities for the year ended 31 December 2017 is ₦54 billion, 2016: ₦4.7 billion (US$176 million, 2016: US$15.5 million). No provision has been made for this potential liability in these financial statements. Management and the Company's solicitors are of the opinion that the Company will suffer no loss from these claims.
Notes to the separate financial statements
Continued
32. Events after the reporting period
On 1 February, 2018, the issued share capital increased by 25,000,000 shares in furtherance of the Company's Long Term Incentive Plan after approval was received from the regulators. Seplat's share capital now consists of 588,444,561 ordinary shares of ₦0.50k each, all with voting rights.
There was no other significant event after the statement of financial position date which could have a material effect on the state of affairs of the Company as at 31 December 2017 and on the profit or loss for the year ended on that date, which have not been adequately provided for or disclosed in these financial statements.
Statement of value added
For the year ended 31 December 2017
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |||||
| ₦ million | % | ₦ million | % | US$'000 | % | US$'000 | % | |
| Revenue | 127,655 | 51,995 | 417,428 | 202,446 | ||||
| Finance income | 11,924 | 26,846 | 38,992 | 94,139 | ||||
| Cost of goods and other services: | ||||||||
| Local | (34,221) | (46,539) | (111,893) | (176,150) | ||||
| Foreign | (22,814) | (31,026) | (74,595) | (117,434) | ||||
| Valued added/(eroded) | 82,544 | 100% | 1,276 | 100% | 269,932 | 100% | 3,001 | 100% |
Applied as follows:
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |||||
| ₦ million | % | ₦ million | % | US$'000 | % | US$'000 | % | |
| To employees: - as salaries and labour related expenses |
6,407 | 8 | 4,978 | 390 | 20,951 | 8 | 19,354 | 645 |
| To external providers of capital: - as interest |
22,236 | 27 | 17,314 | 1357 | 72,710 | 27 | 68,751 | 2291 |
| To Government: - as Company taxes |
687 | 1 | 575 | 45 | 2,248 | 1 | 1,885 | 63 |
| Retained for the Company's future: - For asset replacement, depreciation, depletion & amortisation |
25,142 | 30 | 8,245 | 646 | 82,215 | 30 | 53,807 | 1793 |
| Deferred tax credit | (68,344) | -83 | (4,996) | -392 | (223,481) | -83 | (16,384) | -546 |
| Profit/(loss) for the year | 96,416 | 117 | (24,840) | -1947 | 315,289 | 117 | (124,412) | -4146 |
| Valued added/(eroded) | 82,544 | 100 | 1,276 | 100 | 269,932 | 100% | 3,001 | 100 |
The value added/ (eroded) represents the additional wealth which the Company has been able to create by its own and its employees' efforts. This statement shows the allocation of that wealth to employees, providers of finance, shareholders, government and that retained for the creation of future wealth.
Five year financial summary
As at 31 December 2017
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | |
| Revenue | 127,655 | 51,995 | 98,593 | 121,246 | 135,068 |
| Profit/(loss) before taxation | 28,759 | (29,261) | 15,159 | 43,529 | 71,025 |
| Income tax expense | 67,657 | 4,421 | (3,245) | - | 14,399 |
| Profit/(loss) for the year | 96,416 | (24,840) | 11,914 | 43,529 | 85,424 |
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | ₦ million | |
| Capital employed: | |||||
| Issued share capital | 283 | 283 | 282 | 277 | 200 |
| Share premium | 82,080 | 82,080 | 82,080 | 82,080 | - |
| Share based payment reserve | 4,332 | 2,597 | 1,729 | - | - |
| Capital contribution | 5,932 | 5,932 | 5,932 | 5,932 | 5,947 |
| Foreign translation reserve | 194,526 | 193,499 | 45,618 | 36,086 | 580 |
| Retained earnings | 203,072 | 106,670 | 136,456 | 138,768 | 106,886 |
| Total equity | 490,225 | 391,061 | 272,097 | 263,143 | 113,613 |
| Represented by: | |||||
| Non-current assets | 359,097 | 277,618 | 167,517 | 152,396 | 97,740 |
| Current assets | 474,837 | 404,274 | 348,199 | 293,558 | 102,681 |
| Non-current liabilities | (125,880) | (137,722) | (115,850) | (45,994) | (21,019) |
| Current liabilities | (217,829) | (153,109) | (127,769) | (136,817) | (65,789) |
| Net assets | 490,225 | 391,061 | 272,097 | 263,143 | 113,613 |
Five year financial summary
As at 31 December 2017
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | |
| US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Revenue | 417,428 | 202,446 | 497,867 | 755,508 | 869,982 |
| Profit/(loss) before taxation | 94,056 | (138,911) | 76,549 | 271,236 | 457,477 |
| Income tax expense | 221,233 | 14,499 | (16,384) | - | 92,745 |
| Profit/(loss) for the year | 315,289 | (124,412) | 60,165 | 271,236 | 550,222 |
| 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | |
| US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Capital employed: | |||||
| Issued share capital | 1,826 | 1,826 | 1,821 | 1,798 | 1,334 |
| Share premium | 497,457 | 497,457 | 497,457 | 497,457 | - |
| Share based payment reserve | 17,809 | 12,135 | 8,734 | - | - |
| Capital contribution | 40,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 |
| Retained earnings | 1,045,985 | 730,740 | 877,123 | 888,798 | 690,761 |
| Total equity | 1,603,077 | 1,282,158 | 1,425,135 | 1,428,053 | 732,095 |
| Represented by: | |||||
| Non-current assets | 1,174,286 | 910,221 | 899,186 | 827,042 | 629,393 |
| Current assets | 1,552,758 | 1,325,488 | 1,751,151 | 1,593,114 | 661,472 |
| Non-current liabilities | (411,642) | (451,549) | (642,575) | (742,498) | (423,342) |
| Current liabilities | (712,325) | (502,002) | (582,627) | (249,605) | (135,428) |
| Net assets | 1,603,077 | 1,282,158 | 1,425,135 | 1,428,053 | 732,095 |
Supplementary financial information (unaudited)
For the year ended 31 December 2017
33. Estimated quantities of proved plus probable reserves
| Oil & NGLs MMbbls |
Natural Gas Bscf |
Oil Equivalent MMboe |
|
| At 31 December 2016 | 137.3 | 766.0 | 269.4 |
| Revisions | 43.2 | (67.1) | 31.6 |
| Discoveries and extensions | - | - | - |
| Acquisitions | - | - | - |
| Production | (5.8) | (41.8) | (13.0) |
| At 31 December 2017 | 174.7 | 657.1 | 288.0 |
Reserves are those quantities of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquid that, upon analysis of geological and engineering data, appear with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in the future from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions.
As additional information becomes available or conditions change, estimates are revised.
34. Capitalised costs related to oil producing activities
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Capitalised costs: | ||||
| Unproved properties | - | - | - | - |
| Proved properties | 389,766 | 351,448 | 1,274,580 | 1,152,290 |
| Total capitalised costs | 389,766 | 351,448 | 1,274,580 | 1,152,290 |
| Accumulated depreciation | 110,925 | 86,822 | 362,741 | 284,663 |
| Net capitalised costs | 278,841 | 264,626 | 911,839 | 867,627 |
Capitalised costs include the cost of equipment and facilities for oil producing activities. Unproved properties include capitalised costs for oil leaseholds under exploration, and uncompleted exploratory well costs, including exploratory wells under evaluation. Proved properties include capitalised costs for oil leaseholds holding proved reserves, development wells and related equipment and facilities (including uncompleted development well costs) and support equipment.
35. Concessions
The original, expired and unexpired terms of concessions granted to the Company as at 31 December 2017 is shown in the table below:
| Original | Term in years expired |
Unexpired | |||
| Seplat | OML 4, 38 & 41 | 10 | 8 | 2 | |
Supplementary financial information (unaudited)
For the year ended 31 December 2017 - continued
36. Results of operations for oil producing activities
| 2017 | 2016 | 2017 | 2016 | |
| ₦ million | ₦ million | US$ '000 | US$ '000 | |
| Revenue | 127,655 | 51,995 | 417,428 | 202,446 |
| Production and administrative expenses | (75,019) | (74,347) | (245,294) | (292,757) |
| Depreciation & amortisation | (23,877) | (6,909) | (78,078) | (48,600) |
| Profit/(loss) before taxation | 28,759 | (29,261) | 94,056 | (138,911) |
| Taxation | 67,657 | 4,421 | 221,233 | 14,499 |
| Profit/(loss) after taxation | 96,416 | (24,840) | 315,289 | (124,412) |
37. Reclassification
Certain comparative figures have been reclassified in line with the current year's presentation.
38. Exchange rates used in translating the accounts to Naira
The table below shows the exchange rates used in translating the accounts into Naira
| Basis | N/$ | |
| Fixed assets - opening balances | Historical rate | Historical |
| Fixed assets - additions | Average rate | 305.80 |
| Fixed assets - closing balances | Closing rate | 305.81 |
| Current assets | Closing rate | 305.81 |
| Current liabilities | Closing rate | 305.81 |
| Equity | Historical rate | Historical |
| Income and Expenses: | Overall Average rate | 305.81 |
This information is provided by RNS
The company news service from the London Stock Exchange
END
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