Bank of Montreal

Regulatory Filings • Dec 4, 2025

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 40-F

[Check one]

☐ Registration statement pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

or

☒ Annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the fiscal year ended October 31 , 2025 Commi ssion File Number 001-13354

BANK OF MONTREAL

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English (if applicable))

Canada

(Province or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

6029

(Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number (if applicable))

13-4941092

(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number (if applicable))

100 King Street West , 1 First Canadian Place , Toronto , Ontario , Canada M5X 1A1 ( 416 - 867-6785 )

(Address and telephone number of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

Sajida Ali , Bank of Montreal, 320 S. Canal Street , 7th Floor , Chicago , Illinois

60606 ( 312 - 519-1023 )

(Name, address (including zip code) and telephone number (including area code)

of agent for service in the United States)

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”):

Title Of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name Of Each Exchange On Which Registered
Common Shares	BMO	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act:

Not Applicable

Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act:

Not Applicable

For annual reports, indicate by check mark the information filed with this Form:

☒ Annual information form ☒ Audited annual financial statements

Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report.

Common Shares	708,905,679
Class B Preferred Shares Series 44 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC))	16,000,000
Class B Preferred Shares Series 48 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) 1	1,250,000
Class B Preferred Shares Series 49 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC))	750,000
Class B Preferred Shares Series 50 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC))	500,000
Class B Preferred Shares Series 51 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC))	1,000,000
Class B Preferred Shares Series 52 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC))	650,000
Class B Preferred Shares Series 53 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC))	1,000,000
Class B Preferred Shares Series 54 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC))	750,000
Class B Preferred Shares Series 55 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) 2	1,000,000

1 On November 12, 2025, the Bank redeemed all of its Cdn$1,250 million 4.300% Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 1 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) together with all of its 1,250,000 Class B Preferred Shares Series 48 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)).

2 On July 29, 2025, the Bank issued US$1 billion 6.875% Fixed Rate Reset Limited Recourse Capital Notes Series 6 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) (“LRCN 6”). Upon the occurrence of a recourse event, the noteholders will have recourse to assets held in a consolidated trust managed by a third party trustee. The trust assets include US$1 billion of BMO issued Non-Cumulative 5-Year Fixed Rate Reset Class B Preferred Shares Series 55 (Non-Viability Contingent Capital (NVCC)) issued concurrently with the LRCN 6.

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

† The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

Yes ☒ No ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Auditor Name: KPMG LLP

Auditor Location: Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Auditor PCAOB ID Number: 85

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
AUDIT AND CONDUCT REVIEW COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT
CODE OF ETHICS
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
CONTRACTUAL AND OTHER OBLIGATIONS
IDENTIFICATION OF THE AUDIT AND CONDUCT REVIEW COMMITTEE
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DIFFERENCES
UNDERTAKING
EXHIBIT INDEX
Bank of Montreal Clawback and Recoupment Policy
Annual Information Form
Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2025
Consolidated Financial Statements for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2025
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm dated December 4, 2025
Section 302 Certifications of Chief Executive Officer
Section 302 Certifications of Chief Financial Officer
Section 906 Certifications
Code of Conduct
Inline Interactive Data File
Cover Page Interactive Data File
SIGNATURES

1

DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

The information provided under the heading “Management’s Annual Report on Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting — Disclosure Controls and Procedures” (page 113) contained in the Bank’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025 (“2025 MD&A”), filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form 40-F, is incorporated by reference herein.

INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING

a. Management’s annual report on internal control over financial reporting

The information provided under the heading “Management’s Annual Report on Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting — Internal Control over Financial Reporting” (page 113) contained in the 2025 MD&A, filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form 40-F, is incorporated by reference herein.

b. Auditor’s attestation report on internal control over financial reporting

The Bank’s shareholders’ auditors, KPMG LLP, have issued an audit report on our internal control over financial reporting. This audit report appears on page 132 of the Bank’s Consolidated Financial Statements for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2025, filed as Exhibit 99.3 to this annual report on Form 40-F and is incorporated by reference herein.

c. Changes in internal control over financial reporting

The information provided under the heading “Management’s Annual Report on Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting — Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting” (page 113) contained in the 2025 MD&A, filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form 40-F, is incorporated by reference herein.

AUDIT AND CONDUCT REVIEW COMMITTEE FINANCIAL EXPERT

The information provided under the heading “Audit and Conduct Review Committee Information — Composition of the Audit and Conduct Review Committee” (pages 15 and 16) identifying the Bank’s Audit and Conduct Review Committee Financial Experts, and confirming the independence of the Audit and Conduct Review Committee Financial Experts, as set forth in the Bank’s Annual Information Form (dated December 4, 2025), filed as Exhibit 99.1 to this annual report on Form 40-F, is incorporated by reference herein.

CODE OF ETHICS

The Bank’s Code of Conduct (“Code”) is a principles-based foundational document that outlines the Bank’s expectation around business conduct and ethical behaviour. It is applicable to every director and employee of the Bank. The Code is available on the Bank’s website https://www.bmo.com/en-ca/main/about-bmo/who-we-are/business-conduct/ and is available in print without charge to any shareholder upon request by contacting ethics@bmo.com . Unless and to the extent specifically referred to herein, the information on the Bank’s website shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this annual report on Form 40-F.

PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information provided under the heading “Shareholders’ Auditors’ Services and Fees — Shareholders’ Auditors’ Fees” and “— Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures” (page 112) contained in the 2025 MD&A, filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form 40-F, is incorporated by reference herein.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

The information provided under the heading “Financial Condition Review – Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements” (pages 65 and 66) contained in the 2025 MD&A, filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form 40-F, is incorporated by reference herein.

2

CONTRACTUAL AND OTHER OBLIGATIONS

The information provided under the heading “Enterprise-Wide Risk Management – Liquidity and Funding Risk – Contractual Maturities of Assets and Liabilities and Off-Balance Sheet Commitments” (pages 96 and 97) contained in the 2025 MD&A, filed as Exhibit 99.2 to this annual report on Form 40-F, is incorporated by reference herein.

IDENTIFICATION OF THE AUDIT AND CONDUCT REVIEW COMMITTEE

The information provided under the heading “Audit and Conduct Review Committee Information — Composition of the Audit and Conduct Review Committee” (pages 15 and 16) identifying the Bank’s Audit and Conduct Review Committee and confirming the independence of the Audit and Conduct Review Committee as set forth in the Bank’s Annual Information Form (dated December 4, 2025), filed as Exhibit 99.1 to this annual report on Form 40-F, is incorporated by reference herein.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DIFFERENCES

A summary of significant ways corporate governance practices followed by the Bank differ from corporate governance practices required to be followed by U.S. domestic companies under The New York Stock Exchange’s listing standards (disclosure required by Section 303A.11 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual) is available on the Bank’s website at www.bmo.com. Unless and to the extent specifically referred to herein, the information on the Bank’s website shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference in this annual report on Form 40-F.

UNDERTAKING

Registrant undertakes to make available, in person or by telephone, representatives to respond to inquiries made by the Commission staff, and to furnish promptly, when requested to do so by the Commission staff, information relating to the securities in relation to which the obligation to file an annual report on Form 40-F arises or transactions in said securities.

3

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibits	Description
97.1	Bank of Montreal Clawback and Recoupment Policy (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97.1 of the Bank’s Annual Report on Form 40-F filed with the Commission on December 1, 2023)
99.1	Annual Information Form
99.2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2025
99.3	Consolidated Financial Statements for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2025
99.4	Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm dated December 4, 2025
99.5	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
99.6	Certifications of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
99.7	Certifications pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
99.8	Code of Conduct (incorporated by reference to the Bank’s Current Report on Form 6-K furnished to the Commission on March 4, 2024)
101	Inline Interactive Data File (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

4

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Exchange Act, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form 40-F and has duly caused this annual report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized.

Registrant: BANK OF MONTREAL

By:
Tayfun Tuzun
Chief Financial Officer
Date: December 4, 2025

5