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Siemens AG — Interim / Quarterly Report 2019
May 9, 2019
390_10-q_2019-05-09_c129fc90-abff-4206-a815-5d69cd69263b.pdf
Interim / Quarterly Report
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Half-year Financial Report
First Half of Fiscal 2019
siemens.com
Table of contents
| 3 | A | Interim Group Management Report |
|---|---|---|
| 3 | A.1 | Results of operations |
| 6 | A.2 | Net assets position |
| 7 | A.3 | Financial position |
| 8 | A.4 | Outlook |
| 8 | A.5 | Risks and opportunities |
| 9 | B | Half-year Consolidated Financial Statements |
| 9 | B.1 | Consolidated Statements of Income |
| 9 | B.2 | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income |
| 10 | B.3 | Consolidated Statements of Financial Position |
| 11 | B.4 | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
| 12 | B.5 | Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity |
| 13 | B.6 | Notes to Half-year Consolidated Financial Statements |
| 18 | C | Additional information |
| 18 | C.1 | Responsibility statement |
| 18 | C.2 | Review report |
| 19 | C.3 | Notes and forward-looking statements |
Introduction
Siemens AG's Half-year Financial Report complies with the applicable legal requirements of the German Securities Trading Act (Wertpapierhandelsgesetz – WpHG) and comprises condensed Half-year Consolidated Financial Statements, an Interim Group Management Report and a Responsibility statement in accordance with section 115 WpHG.
The Half-year Consolidated Financial Statements are in accordance with IFRS applicable to interim financial reporting as issued by the IASB and as adopted by the EU.
This Half-year Financial Report should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report for fiscal 2018, which includes a detailed analysis of our operations and activities as well as explanations of financial measures used. Beginning with fiscal 2019, the rail traction drives business was transferred from the Process Industries and Drives Division to the Mobility Division. Prior-period amounts are presented on a comparable basis.
2
A. Interim Group Management Report
A.1 Results of operations
A.1.1 Orders and revenue by regions
Orders (location of customer)
| First half | % Change | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (in millions of €) | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | Actual | Comp. | |
| Europe, C.I.S., Africa, Middle East |
25,038 | 22,960 | 9% | 10% | |
| therein: Germany | 6,778 | 5,452 | 24% | 24% | |
| Americas | 14,711 | 12,124 | 21% | 18% | |
| therein: U.S. | 10,046 | 8,439 | 19% | 13% | |
| Asia, Australia | 9,030 | 9,711 | (7)% | (7)% | |
| therein: China | 4,331 | 3,987 | 9% | 8% | |
| Siemens | 48,779 | 44,794 | 9% | 8% | |
| therein: emerging markets |
14,993 | 15,722 | (5)% | (3)% |
| Revenue (location of customer) | |
|---|---|
| -------------------------------- | -- |
| First half | % Change | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (in millions of €) | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | Actual | Comp. | |
| Europe, C.I.S., Africa, Middle East |
21,264 | 20,386 | 4% | 5% | |
| therein: Germany | 5,907 | 5,369 | 10% | 10% | |
| Americas | 11,088 | 10,771 | 3% | (1)% | |
| therein: U.S. | 8,416 | 7,634 | 10% | 5% | |
| Asia, Australia | 8,700 | 8,806 | (1)% | (2)% | |
| therein: China | 3,860 | 3,812 | 1% | 1% | |
| Siemens | 41,052 | 39,964 | 3% | 2% | |
| therein: emerging markets |
12,806 | 13,657 | (6)% | (5)% |
Siemens worldwide
- Strong order intake for Siemens driven by a higher volume from large orders, particularly in Mobility and Energy Management; increases in the majority of industrial businesses; significant order decline in Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy (SGRE)
- Currency translation effects added one percentage point, while portfolio transactions had a minimal effect on order growth year-over-year
- Strong book-to-bill ratio of 1.19; order backlog at €142 billion
Europe, C.I.S., Africa, Middle East
- Substantial growth in Mobility, including a €1.6 billion contract in the U.K., and in Energy Management was partially offset by a double-digit decline in SGRE
- Substantial order growth in Germany included several large orders in Mobility and a large high voltage direct current (HVDC) order in Energy Management
Americas
- Sharp order growth in Mobility, including a €0.8 billion order in Canada and a €0.7 billion order in the U.S., and in SGRE; in addition, double-digit growth in Power and Gas, Building Technologies and Process Industries and Drives
- In the U.S., increases in nearly all industrial businesses, led by sharp growth in Mobility and substantial growth in SGRE
Asia, Australia
- Sharp declines in SGRE and Mobility partly offset by a substantial increase in Energy Management
- Higher order intake in China driven by growth in Energy Management
Siemens worldwide
- Increase driven by growth in Siemens Healthineers, Process Industries and Drives, Digital Factory and SGRE; clear decline in Power and Gas
- Currency translation effects added one percentage point, while portfolio transactions had a minimal effect on revenue growth year-over-year
Europe, C.I.S., Africa, Middle East
- Revenue growth driven by substantial increase in SGRE
- Broad-based revenue increase in Germany, led by substantial growth in Mobility
Americas
- Revenue growth benefited from positive currency translation effects; increases in Siemens Healthineers and Energy Management, partially offset by a decline in SGRE
- Growth in the U.S. mainly from Energy Management, Siemens Healthineers and SGRE
Asia, Australia
Growth in the majority of industrial businesses more than offset by substantial declines in Power and Gas and SGRE
A.1.2 Income
| First half | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| (in millions of €, | |||
| earnings per share in €) | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | % Change |
| Power and Gas | 275 | 352 | (22)% |
| Adjusted EBITA margin | 4.9% | 5.8% | |
| Energy Management | 373 | 447 | (16)% |
| Adjusted EBITA margin | 6.4% | 7.7% | |
| Building Technologies | 314 | 325 | (3)% |
| Adjusted EBITA margin | 9.6% | 10.3% | |
| Mobility | 464 | 501 | (7)% |
| Adjusted EBITA margin | 10.8% | 11.6% | |
| Digital Factory | 1,308 | 1,289 | 2% |
| Adjusted EBITA margin | 19.8% | 20.5% | |
| Process Industries and Drives | 345 | 248 | 39% |
| Adjusted EBITA margin | 8.2% | 6.4% | |
| Siemens Healthineers | 1,148 | 1,072 | 7% |
| Adjusted EBITA margin | 16.9% | 16.7% | |
| Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy | 246 | 227 | 8% |
| Adjusted EBITA margin | 5.3% | 5.2% | |
| Industrial Business | 4,474 | 4,462 | 0% |
| Adjusted EBITA margin | 10.8% | 11.1% | |
| Financial Services (SFS) | 393 | 363 | 8% |
| Reconciliation to Consolidated Financial Statements |
(1,070) | 187 | n/a |
| Income from continuing operations | |||
| before income taxes | 3,797 | 5,012 | (24)% |
| Income tax expenses | (752) | (839) | 10% |
| Income from continuing operations | 3,044 | 4,173 | (27)% |
| Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes |
(3) | 56 | n/a |
| Net income | 3,041 | 4,229 | (28)% |
| Basic earnings per share | 3.50 | 5.07 | (31)% |
| ROCE | 12.2% | 17.2% |
Industrial Business
- Majority of industrial businesses in or above their respective ranges for Adjusted EBITA margin; strong performances by Digital Factory and Siemens Healthineers, which made the largest contributions to Adjusted EBITA
- Severance charges for Industrial Business were €147 million (first half FY 2018: €190 million), reducing Industrial Business Adjusted EBITA margin by 0.4 percentage points
- Despite strong contributions from the service business, Adjusted EBITA at Power and Gas down significantly due mainly to lower revenue, price declines and reduced capacity utilization; global energy trends continue to structurally reduce demand in markets for the Division's offerings, resulting in declining new-unit large turbine business and corresponding price pressure due to structural overcapacities and aggressive competitive behavior
- Adjusted EBITA at Energy Management declined due including to a less favorable revenue mix in the transmission products business
- Higher Adjusted EBITA at Process Industries and Drives included an improved operational performance in nearly all businesses
Income from continuing operations before income taxes
- In the first half of FY 2018, Reconciliation to Consolidated Financial Statements included a gain of €900 million resulting from the transfer of Siemens' shares in Atos SE (Atos) to Siemens Pension-Trust e.V. in Germany and a gain of €655 million from the sale of OSRAM Licht AG (OSRAM) shares; these positive effects were partly offset by an impairment loss of €154 million related to an equity investment
- Severance charges for continuing operations were €193 million (first half FY 2018: €258 million)
Income from continuing operations
- Tax rate of 20% benefited from the reversal of income tax provisions outside Germany
- Tax rate of 17% in the first half of FY 2018 benefited from positive effects from reassessment of tax positions, including a net positive effect of €435 million following the U.S. tax reform, and the largely tax-free gains from the Atos and OSRAM share transactions mentioned above; these factors were only partly offset by negative income tax effects related to establishing the Siemens Healthineers Group
Net income, Basic earnings per share, ROCE
- Basic earnings per share (EPS) came in lower primarily because the first half of fiscal 2018 included the Atos and OSRAM gains mentioned above; basic EPS in the first half of fiscal 2019 was burdened by €0.16 from severance charges
- ROCE declined and came in below the target range due mainly to lower Net income
A.1.3 Selected information based on new organizational structure
Beginning with the second half of fiscal 2019, we will report financial results according to our new organizational structure as described in our Annual Report for fiscal 2018. The tables below present selected information based on the new structure. In February 2019, the European Commission announced its decision to prohibit the proposed combination of Alstom SA with Siemens' mobility business.
| Orders | Revenue | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First half | First half | Fiscal year | ||||
| (in millions of €) | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | 2018 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | 2018 |
| Digital Industries | 8,196 | 8,281 | 16,287 | 7,915 | 7,547 | 15,587 |
| Smart Infrastructure | 7,889 | 7,390 | 15,198 | 7,126 | 6,814 | 14,445 |
| Gas and Power | 10,169 | 8,560 | 18,451 | 8,273 | 8,794 | 18,125 |
| Mobility | 8,070 | 5,663 | 11,025 | 4,290 | 4,307 | 8,821 |
| Siemens Healthineers | 7,151 | 6,693 | 14,506 | 6,806 | 6,422 | 13,425 |
| Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy | 5,007 | 5,956 | 11,875 | 4,651 | 4,368 | 9,122 |
| Industrial Businesses | 46,483 | 42,543 | 87,341 | 39,061 | 38,251 | 79,526 |
| Financial Services | 420 | 414 | 825 | 420 | 414 | 825 |
| Portfolio Companies | 3,097 | 2,907 | 5,569 | 2,565 | 2,278 | 4,930 |
| Reconciliation to Consolidated Financial Statements | (1,221) | (1,070) | (2,438) | (994) | (979) | (2,237) |
| Siemens (continuing operations) | 48,779 | 44,794 | 91,296 | 41,052 | 39,964 | 83,044 |
| Adjusted EBITA margin |
|---|
| Fiscal year |
| 2018 |
| 18.6% |
| 10.9% |
| 4.0% |
| 10.9% |
| 16.5% |
| 5.3% |
| 11.1% |
Severance charges for Industrial Businesses were €141 million in the first half of fiscal 2019, compared to €183 million in the first half of fiscal 2018. In fiscal 2018, severance charges for Industrial Businesses were €669 million.
Updated margin ranges (new organizational structure)
| Margin range | |
|---|---|
| Digital Industries | 17 - 23% |
| Smart Infrastructure | 10 - 15% |
| Gas and Power | 8 - 12% |
| Mobility | 9 - 12% |
| Siemens Healthineers | 17 - 21% |
| Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy | 7 - 11% |
| Industrial Businesses | 11 - 15% |
| Financial Services (ROE after tax) | 17 - 22% |
A.2 Net assets position
| (in millions of €) | Mar 31, 2019 |
Sep 30, 2018 |
% Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Current assets | 65,391 | 64,556 | 1% |
| therein: cash and cash equivalents | 8,885 | 11,066 | (20)% |
| Non-current assets | 77,537 | 74,359 | 4% |
| Total assets | 142,928 | 138,915 | 3% |
| Current liabilities | 50,783 | 47,874 | 6% |
| Non-current liabilities | 45,031 | 42,995 | 5% |
| Equity | 47,114 | 48,046 | (2)% |
| Total liabilities and equity | 142,928 | 138,915 | 3% |
Increase in total assets influenced by positive currency translation effects totaling €2.9 billion (with an impact on goodwill amounting to €0.7 billion), primarily involving the U.S. dollar
Current assets
Higher inventories in almost all industrial businesses, with the build-up most evident at SGRE
Non-current assets
- Acquisitions of businesses, primarily the acquisition of Mendix, Inc., were the main factor for additions to goodwill and other intangible assets
- Increase in other financial assets included higher loans receivable
Current liabilities
Short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt increased due primarily to the reclassification of €2.7 billion in bonds and €0.9 billion in loans from banks from long-term debt, and also due to an increase in commercial paper; partly offset by the redemption of US\$-bonds totaling €0.6 billion
Non-current liabilities
- Long-term debt increased due primarily to the issuance of €3.0 billion in bonds along with currency translation effects mainly for bonds issued in the US\$; partly offset by the abovementioned reclassification of bonds and loans from banks to short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt
- Provisions for pensions and similar obligations as of March 31, 2019: €9.4 billion (September 30, 2018: €7.7 billion); increase due mainly to a lower discount rate assumption, partly offset by positive returns on plan assets; weighted-average discount rate as of March 31, 2019: 1.9% (September 30, 2018: 2.4%)
Equity
Main factors for the decrease related primarily to dividend payments, remeasurements of defined benefit plans, and the purchase of treasury shares; these factors were partly offset by net income and positive currency translation effects
A.3 Financial position
Cash flows
| First half | ||
|---|---|---|
| FY 2019 |
| (in millions of €) | Continuing operations |
Discontinued operations |
Continuing and discontinued operations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cash flows from: | |||
| Operating activities | 1,286 | (12) | 1,274 |
| Investing activities | (2,378) | 1 | (2,377) |
| therein: Additions to intangible assets and property, plant and |
|||
| equipment | (1,125) | − | (1,125) |
| Free cash flow | 161 | (12) | 149 |
| Financing activities | (1,306) | − | (1,306) |
Cash flows from operating activities
- Five out of eight of our industrial businesses posted cash inflows from operating activities, with strong conversion of profit into cash by Mobility and Building Technologies, and three reported cash outflows
- Cash outflows of €0.8 billion related to the change in operating net working capital, with the biggest factor being a build-up of inventories, mostly by SGRE
Cash flows from investing activities
Cash outflows of €0.5 billion for the acquisition of Mendix, Inc. in October 2018
Cash flows from financing activities
- Cash outflows of €3.1 billion for dividends paid to shareholders of Siemens AG
- Cash inflows of €3.0 billion for the issuance of eurobonds with varied maturities up to 20 years and of €1.2 billion related to outstanding US\$ commercial paper
- Cash outflows of €0.9 billion for purchase of 8,723 thousand treasury shares at a weighted average price of €101.98 per share
- Cash outflows of €0.6 billion for the repayment of US\$ bonds
A.4 Outlook
We confirm our financial expectations for fiscal 2019. We assume a continued favorable market environment, particularly for our shortcycle businesses, with limited risks related to geopolitical uncertainties. For fiscal 2019, we expect moderate growth in revenue, net of currency translation and portfolio effects. We further anticipate that orders will exceed revenue for a book-to-bill ratio above 1. We expect a profit margin of 11.0% to 12.0% for our Industrial Business based on our current organizational structure, excluding severance charges. Furthermore we expect basic EPS from net income in the range of €6.30 to €7.00 also excluding severance charges. Fiscal 2018 basic EPS from net income of €7.12 benefited from €1.87 per share in portfolio gains related to our stakes in Atos SE and OSRAM Licht AG and was burdened by €0.76 from severance charges, resulting in €6.01 excluding these factors.
This outlook excludes charges related to legal and regulatory matters.
A.5 Risks and opportunities
In our Annual Report for fiscal 2018 we described certain risks, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition (including effects on assets, liabilities and cash flows), results of operations and reputation, our most significant opportunities as well as the design of our risk management system.
During the reporting period, we identified no further significant risks and opportunities besides those presented in our Annual Report for fiscal 2018 and in this Half-year Financial Report. Additional risks and opportunities not known to us or that we currently consider immaterial could also affect our business operations. At present, no risks have been identified that either individually or in combination with other risks could endanger our ability to continue as a going concern. We refer also to C.3 Notes and forward-looking statements.
B. Half-year Consolidated Financial Statements
B.1 Consolidated Statements of Income
| First half | ||
|---|---|---|
| (in millions of €, per share amounts in €) | FY 2019 | FY 2018 |
| Revenue | 41,052 | 39,964 |
| Cost of sales | (28,608) | (27,698) |
| Gross profit | 12,444 | 12,266 |
| Research and development expenses | (2,679) | (2,619) |
| Selling and general administrative expenses | (6,448) | (6,206) |
| Other operating income | 232 | 199 |
| Other operating expenses | (243) | (325) |
| Income (loss) from investments accounted for using the equity method, net | 227 | (26) |
| Interest income | 781 | 721 |
| Interest expenses | (549) | (544) |
| Other financial income (expenses), net | 31 | 1,545 |
| Income from continuing operations before income taxes | 3,797 | 5,012 |
| Income tax expenses | (752) | (839) |
| Income from continuing operations | 3,044 | 4,173 |
| Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes | (3) | 56 |
| Net income | 3,041 | 4,229 |
| Attributable to: | ||
| Non-controlling interests | 219 | 87 |
| Shareholders of Siemens AG | 2,823 | 4,142 |
| Basic earnings per share | ||
| Income from continuing operations | 3.50 | 5.00 |
| Income from discontinued operations | − | 0.07 |
| Net income | 3.50 | 5.07 |
| Diluted earnings per share | ||
| Income from continuing operations | 3.46 | 4.92 |
| Income from discontinued operations | − | 0.07 |
| Net income | 3.46 | 4.99 |
B.2 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
| First half | ||
|---|---|---|
| (in millions of €) Note |
FY 2019 | FY 2018 |
| Net income | 3,041 | 4,229 |
| Remeasurements of defined benefit plans | (1,199) | (501) |
| therein: Income tax effects | 469 | (274) |
| 1 Remeasurements of equity instruments |
(7) | − |
| Income (loss) from investments accounted for using the equity method, net | − | 2 |
| Items that will not be reclassified to profit or loss | (1,207) | (499) |
| Currency translation differences | 1,426 | (721) |
| Available-for-sale financial assets 1 |
− | (1,825) |
| therein: Income tax effects | − | 28 |
| Derivative financial instruments | (151) | (15) |
| therein: Income tax effects | 56 | 12 |
| Income (loss) from investments accounted for using the equity method, net | (17) | (30) |
| Items that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss | 1,258 | (2,592) |
| Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes | 51 | (3,091) |
| Total comprehensive income | 3,092 | 1,138 |
| Attributable to: | ||
| Non-controlling interests | 278 | 24 |
| Shareholders of Siemens AG | 2,814 | 1,114 |
B.3 Consolidated Statements of Financial Position
| Mar 31, | Sep 30, | |
|---|---|---|
| (in millions of €) Note |
2019 | 2018 |
| Assets | ||
| Cash and cash equivalents | 8,885 | 11,066 |
| Trade and other receivables | 18,424 | 18,455 |
| Other current financial assets | 9,806 | 9,427 |
| Contract assets | 9,543 | 8,912 |
| Inventories | 15,634 | 13,885 |
| Current income tax assets | 1,120 | 1,010 |
| Other current assets | 1,922 | 1,707 |
| Assets classified as held for disposal | 58 | 94 |
| Total current assets | 65,391 | 64,556 |
| Goodwill | 29,647 | 28,344 |
| Other intangible assets | 10,131 | 10,131 |
| Property, plant and equipment | 11,766 | 11,381 |
| Investments accounted for using the equity method | 2,508 | 2,579 |
| Other financial assets | 18,672 | 17,774 |
| Deferred tax assets | 2,757 | 2,341 |
| Other assets | 2,056 | 1,810 |
| Total non-current assets | 77,537 | 74,359 |
| Total assets | 142,928 | 138,915 |
| Liabilities and equity | ||
| Short-term debt and current maturities of long-term debt 3 |
8,992 | 5,057 |
| Trade payables | 10,259 | 10,716 |
| Other current financial liabilities | 1,513 | 1,485 |
| Contract liabilities | 16,007 | 14,464 |
| Current provisions | 3,684 | 3,931 |
| Current income tax liabilities | 2,510 | 3,102 |
| Other current liabilities | 7,817 | 9,118 |
| Liabilities associated with assets classified as held for disposal | 1 | 1 |
| Total current liabilities | 50,783 | 47,874 |
| Long-term debt 3 |
27,479 | 27,120 |
| Provisions for pensions and similar obligations | 9,426 | 7,684 |
| Deferred tax liabilities | 982 | 1,092 |
| Provisions | 4,146 | 4,216 |
| Other financial liabilities | 864 | 685 |
| Other liabilities | 2,134 | 2,198 |
| Total non-current liabilities | 45,031 | 42,995 |
| Total liabilities | 95,814 | 90,869 |
| Equity 4 |
||
| Issued capital | 2,550 | 2,550 |
| Capital reserve | 6,162 | 6,184 |
| Retained earnings | 39,446 | 41,014 |
| Other components of equity | 763 | (352) |
| Treasury shares, at cost | (4,448) | (3,922) |
| Total equity attributable to shareholders of Siemens AG | 44,472 | 45,474 |
| Non-controlling interests | 2,641 | 2,573 |
| Total equity Total liabilities and equity |
47,114 142,928 |
48,046 138,915 |
| First half | ||
|---|---|---|
| (in millions of €) | FY 2019 | FY 2018 |
| Cash flows from operating activities | ||
| Net income | 3,041 | 4,229 |
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash flows from operating activities - continuing operations | ||
| (Income) loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes | 3 | (56) |
| Amortization, depreciation and impairments | 1,665 | 1,692 |
| Income tax expenses | 752 | 839 |
| Interest (income) expenses, net | (232) | (177) |
| (Income) loss related to investing activities | (330) | (1,683) |
| Other non-cash (income) expenses | 265 | 308 |
| Change in operating net working capital from | ||
| Contract assets | (279) | 379 |
| Inventories | (1,554) | (822) |
| Trade and other receivables | 443 | (143) |
| Trade payables | (648) | (737) |
| Contract liabilities | 1,253 | 696 |
| Additions to assets leased to others in operating leases | (312) | (260) |
| Change in other assets and liabilities | (2,213) | (1,522) |
| Income taxes paid | (1,442) | (849) |
| Dividends received | 125 | 116 |
| Interest received | 747 | 673 |
| Cash flows from operating activities - continuing operations | 1,286 | 2,681 |
| Cash flows from operating activities - discontinued operations | (12) | 25 |
| Cash flows from operating activities - continuing and discontinued operations | 1,274 | 2,706 |
| Cash flows from investing activities | ||
| Additions to intangible assets and property, plant and equipment | (1,125) | (1,043) |
| Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired | (837) | (350) |
| Purchase of investments and financial assets for investment purposes | (894) | (873) |
| Change in receivables from financing activities | (319) | (257) |
| Disposal of intangibles and property, plant and equipment | 117 | 90 |
| Disposal of businesses, net of cash disposed | (81) | 194 |
| Disposal of investments and financial assets for investment purposes | 762 | 1,620 |
| Cash flows from investing activities - continuing operations | (2,378) | (619) |
| Cash flows from investing activities - discontinued operations | 1 | (19) |
| Cash flows from investing activities - continuing and discontinued operations | (2,377) | (638) |
| Cash flows from financing activities | ||
| Purchase of treasury shares | (945) | (836) |
| Re-issuance of treasury shares and other transactions with owners | (45) | 3,618 |
| Issuance of long-term debt | 2,980 | − |
| Repayment of long-term debt (including current maturities of long-term debt) | (624) | (414) |
| Change in short-term debt and other financing activities | 1,095 | 275 |
| Interest paid | (503) | (459) |
| Dividends paid to shareholders of Siemens AG | (3,060) | (3,011) |
| Dividends attributable to non-controlling interests | (202) | (82) |
| Cash flows from financing activities - continuing operations | (1,306) | (909) |
| Cash flows from financing activities - discontinued operations | − | − |
| Cash flows from financing activities - continuing and discontinued operations | (1,306) | (909) |
| Effect of changes in exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | 227 | 33 |
| Change in cash and cash equivalents | (2,182) | 1,192 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 11,066 | 8,389 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | 8,885 | 9,581 |
| Less: Cash and cash equivalents of assets classified as held for disposal and discontinued operations at end of period |
− | − |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of period (Consolidated Statements of Financial Position) | 8,885 | 9,581 |
11
B.5 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
..............................................................................................
| Issued capital |
Capital reserve |
Retained earnings |
Currency translation differences |
Equity instruments (prior year: available for-sale financial assets) |
Derivative financial instruments |
Treasury shares at cost |
Total equity attributable to share holders of Siemens AG |
Non controlling interests |
Total equity |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (in millions of €) | ||||||||||
| Balance as of October 1, 2017 | 2,550 | 6,368 | 35,794 | (181) | 1,845 | 1 | (3,196) | 43,181 | 1,438 | 44,619 |
| Net income | − | − | 4,142 | − | − | − | − | 4,142 | 87 | 4,229 |
| Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes | − | − | (495) | (713) | (1,825) | 6 | − | (3,027) | (63) | (3,091) |
| Dividends | − | − | (3,011) | − | − | − | − | (3,011) | (89) | (3,100) |
| Share-based payment | − | (320) | (73) | − | − | − | − | (393) | − | (393) |
| Purchase of treasury shares | − | − | − | − | − | − | (842) | (842) | − | (842) |
| Re-issuance of treasury shares | − | 26 | − | − | − | − | 646 | 672 | − | 672 |
| Changes in equity resulting from major portfolio transactions | − | − | 2,884 | 92 | − | − | − | 2,977 | 1,053 | 4,029 |
| Other transactions with non-controlling interests | − | − | 2 | − | − | − | − | 2 | (1) | 1 |
| Other changes in equity | − | − | (27) | − | − | − | − | (27) | 1 | (26) |
| Balance as of March 31, 2018 | 2,550 | 6,074 | 39,216 | (802) | 20 | 7 | (3,392) | 43,672 | 2,426 | 46,098 |
| Balance as of September 30, 2018 (as previously reported) | 2,550 | 6,184 | 41,014 | (350) | 24 | (26) | (3,922) | 45,474 | 2,573 | 48,046 |
| Effect of retrospectively adopting IFRS 9 | − | − | (7) | − | (57) | − | − | (64) | (1) | (65) |
| Balance as of October 1, 2018 | 2,550 | 6,184 | 41,007 | (351) | (33) | (26) | (3,922) | 45,410 | 2,571 | 47,981 |
| Net income | − | − | 2,823 | − | − | − | − | 2,823 | 219 | 3,041 |
| Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes | − | − | (1,181) | 1,343 | (8) | (162) | − | (8) | 59 | 51 |
| Dividends | − | − | (3,060) | − | − | − | − | (3,060) | (213) | (3,273) |
| Share-based payment | − | (22) | (106) | − | − | − | − | (128) | 3 | (126) |
| Purchase of treasury shares | − | − | − | − | − | − | (890) | (890) | − | (890) |
| Re-issuance of treasury shares | − | − | − | − | − | − | 363 | 363 | 3 | 366 |
| Disposal of equity instruments | − | − | (2) | − | − | − | − | (2) | − | (2) |
| Transactions with non-controlling interests | − | − | (19) | − | − | − | − | (19) | (8) | (27) |
| Other changes in equity | − | − | (16) | − | − | − | − | (16) | 7 | (9) |
| Balance as of March 31, 2019 | 2,550 | 6,162 | 39,446 | 992 | (41) | (188) | (4,448) | 44,472 | 2,641 | 47,114 |
B.6 Notes to Half-year Consolidated Financial Statements
NOTE 1 Basis of presentation
The accompanying condensed Half-year Consolidated Financial Statements as of March 31, 2019 present the operations of Siemens AG and its subsidiaries (the Company or Siemens). These Half-year Consolidated Financial Statements are in accordance with IFRS applicable to interim financial reporting as issued by the IASB and as adopted by the EU and should be read in conjunction with the Siemens Consolidated Financial Statements as of September 30, 2018. The Half-year Consolidated Financial Statements apply the same accounting principles and practices as those used in the 2018 annual financial statements, except for the adoption of IFRS 9, Financial Instruments (IFRS 9) as of October 1, 2018. Results for the interim reporting period are not necessarily indicative of future results. In interim periods, tax expense is based on the current estimated annual effective tax rate of Siemens. The presentation of certain prioryear information has been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. The Half-year Consolidated Financial Statements are unaudited and were authorized for issue by the Managing Board on May 7, 2019. For further information on changes in estimates (including income taxes and pensions), disaggregation of revenue and on segment information, see disclosures in the Interim Group Management Report. Due to rounding, numbers disclosed may not add up precisely to totals provided.
Recent accounting pronouncements, not yet adopted
Regarding the adoption of IFRS 16, Leases, Siemens expects an increase in a low single-digit percentage range in Total assets and in Total liabilities and equity as of October 1, 2019 (opening balance sheet).
Recently adopted pronouncements
IFRS 9, Financial Instruments, was adopted retrospectively as of October 1, 2018. Comparative figures are not adjusted in accordance with IFRS 9 transitional provisions. IFRS 9 changed the classification of financial instruments, mainly regarding the former available-forsale category: a) most debt instruments are notes and bonds meeting the solely payments of principal and interest criterion; accordingly, as of October 1, 2018, their carrying amount of €1,271 million was reclassified to amortized cost under IFRS 9, b) IAS 39 available-forsale equity instruments with a carrying amount of €297 million were reclassified to fair value through profit or loss and €440 million carrying amount to fair value through other comprehensive income. IFRS 9 increased valuation allowances by €82 million, mostly for lease receivables and loan commitments. Transition effects from adopting IFRS 9 were recognized cumulatively in Equity as of October 1, 2018.
NOTE 2 Proposed merger with Alstom SA
In February 2019, the European Commission announced its decision to prohibit the proposed combination of Alstom SA with Siemens' Mobility business.
NOTE 3 Debt
| Current debt | Non-current debt | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mar 31, | Sep 30, | Mar 31, | Sep 30, | ||
| (in millions of €) | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | 2018 | |
| Notes and bonds | 5,310 | 3,142 | 26,138 | 25,210 | |
| Loans from banks | 1,663 | 1,218 | 1,146 | 1,717 | |
| Other financial indebtedness | 2,004 | 683 | 101 | 98 | |
| Obligations under finance leases | 15 | 14 | 94 | 95 | |
| Total debt | 8,992 | 5,057 | 27,479 | 27,120 | |
Credit facilities: in February 2019 the existing €4.0 billion unused syndicated credit facility and the US\$3.0 billion unused syndicated credit facility were cancelled following the signing of a new and unused €7.0 billion syndicated credit facility maturing in 2024.
Debt Issuance Program: in the six months ended March 31, 2019, the 3m LIBOR+1.4% US\$400 million floating-rate instrument and the US\$300 million floating-rate instrument were redeemed as due. In February 2019, Siemens issued instruments totaling €3.0 billion in four tranches: €750 million 0.30% due February 2024; €650 million 0.90% due February 2028; €800 million 1.25% due February 2031 and €800 million 1.75% due February 2039.
Bond with Warrant Units: in the six months ended March 31, 2019, terms to warrants exercisable until August 1, 2019 changed to receive 1,951.6314 Siemens AG shares per warrant at an exercise price of €96.2491 per share, terms for the not exchanged warrants changed to receive 1,859.2137 Siemens AG shares per warrant and 134.5455 OSRAM Licht AG shares at an exercise price of €187,842.81.
Commercial Paper Program: as of March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, US\$2.086 billion (€1.857 billion) and US\$700 million (€605 million) in commercial paper were outstanding, respectively.
NOTE 4 Shareholders' equity
In the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, Siemens repurchased 8,723 thousand and 7,539 thousand treasury shares, respectively. Siemens transferred a total of 3,667 thousand and 6,778 thousand shares of treasury stock, respectively, in the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. In the second quarter of fiscal 2019, a dividend of €3.80 per share was paid.
NOTE 5 Commitments and contingencies
The following table presents the undiscounted amount of maximum potential future payments for major groups of guarantees:
| I |
|---|
| Mar 31, | Sep 30, | |
|---|---|---|
| (in millions of €) | 2019 | 2018 |
| Credit guarantees | 375 | 389 |
| Guarantees of third-party performance | 2,589 | 2,454 |
| Miscellaneous guarantees | 200 | 200 |
| 3,164 | 3,043 | |
In addition to guarantees disclosed in the table above, the Company issued other guarantees including indemnifications in connection with dispositions of businesses. To the extent future claims are not considered remote, maximum future payments from these obligations amount to €474 million and €492 million as of March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, respectively.
NOTE 6 Legal proceedings
In relation to the previously reported cartel damages claims in Israel filed by an electricity consumer group and the Israel Electric Corporation in relation to alleged anti-competitive behavior in the Israeli gas-insulated switchgear market, a settlement agreement was concluded in those proceedings in December 2018 which is subject to approval.
In March 2019, a Brazilian company asserted claims to pay an amount in a higher three-digit million euro amount in local currency against a consortium of contractors and each member of the consortium, including Siemens Ltda., Brazil (Siemens Ltda.) in a lawsuit relating to the construction of a power plant in Brazil that was completed in 2016. The members of the consortium are jointly and severally liable, Siemens Ltda.'s share in the consortium is below 3%. The consortium and its members defend themselves against the claim and for their part claim payment in a lower three-digit million euro amount in local currency.
NOTE 7 Financial instruments
Financial instruments measured at cost or amortized cost for which the carrying amount does not approximate fair value:
| I | |
|---|---|
| Mar 31, 2019 | Sep 30, 2018 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carrying | Carrying | ||||
| (in millions of €) | Fair value | amount | Fair value | amount | |
| Notes and bonds | 32,193 | 31,447 | 28,383 | 28,352 | |
| Loans from banks, other financial indebtedness and finance leases | 5,064 | 5,023 | 3,872 | 3,825 | |
The following table allocates financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value to the three levels of the fair value hierarchy:
| Mar 31, 2019 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (in millions of €) | Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total |
| Financial assets measured at fair value, thereof: | 4 | 2,289 | 751 | 3,045 |
| Equity instruments measured at fair value through profit and loss | − | 233 | 153 | 386 |
| Equity instruments measured at fair value through Other comprehensive income | 4 | − | 462 | 467 |
| Debt instruments measured at fair value through profit and loss | − | − | 74 | 74 |
| Derivative financial instruments | − | 2,056 | 61 | 2,117 |
| Financial liabilities measured at fair value – Derivative financial instruments | − | 847 | − | 847 |
Level 3 financial assets increased due to equity instruments previously measured at cost which were reclassified to fair value measurement upon adopting IFRS 9 as of October 1, 2018.
NOTE 8 Segment information
| Orders | External revenue | Intersegment Revenue |
Total revenue |
Profit | Assets | Free cash flow | Additions to intangible assets and property, plant & equipment |
Amortization, depreciation & impairments |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First half | First half | First half | First half | First half | Mar 31, | Sep 30, | First half | First half | First half | |||||||||
| (in millions of €) | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | 2019 | 2018 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 |
| Power and Gas | 6,805 | 6,236 | 5,651 | 6,052 | 21 | 33 | 5,672 | 6,085 | 275 | 352 | 10,854 | 10,087 | (270) | (144) | 84 | 78 | 214 | 285 |
| Energy Management | 6,905 | 5,639 | 5,553 | 5,515 | 294 | 260 | 5,846 | 5,774 | 373 | 447 | 5,140 | 4,535 | 129 | 37 | 93 | 86 | 101 | 102 |
| Building Technologies | 3,730 | 3,481 | 3,224 | 3,099 | 60 | 65 | 3,285 | 3,164 | 314 | 325 | 1,606 | 1,596 | 326 | 231 | 28 | 22 | 44 | 37 |
| Mobility | 8,071 | 5,663 | 4,273 | 4,278 | 17 | 29 | 4,290 | 4,307 | 464 | 501 | 2,849 | 2,933 | 583 | 468 | 82 | 54 | 89 | 76 |
| Digital Factory | 6,779 | 6,925 | 6,280 | 5,940 | 327 | 335 | 6,606 | 6,275 | 1,308 | 1,289 | 10,238 | 9,382 | 938 | 1,128 | 129 | 103 | 307 | 295 |
| Process Industries and Drives | 4,615 | 4,315 | 3,674 | 3,349 | 554 | 542 | 4,228 | 3,891 | 345 | 248 | 2,641 | 2,106 | (107) | 57 | 48 | 52 | 85 | 89 |
| Siemens Healthineers | 7,151 | 6,693 | 6,767 | 6,374 | 40 | 48 | 6,806 | 6,422 | 1,148 | 1,072 | 13,334 | 12,392 | 454 | 548 | 284 | 208 | 290 | 241 |
| Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy | 5,007 | 5,956 | 4,650 | 4,367 | 1 | 1 | 4,651 | 4,368 | 246 | 227 | 4,541 | 3,823 | (498) | (206) | 189 | 166 | 295 | 317 |
| Industrial Business | 49,063 | 44,908 | 40,071 | 38,973 | 1,314 | 1,312 | 41,385 | 40,285 | 4,474 | 4,462 | 51,202 | 46,853 | 1,557 | 2,118 | 935 | 768 | 1,426 | 1,442 |
| Financial Services (SFS) | 489 | 479 | 418 | 411 | 71 | 69 | 489 | 479 | 393 | 363 | 29,142 | 28,281 | 395 | 371 | 11 | 17 | 110 | 104 |
| Reconciliation to Consolidated Financial Statements |
(773) | (593) | 564 | 580 | (1,386) | (1,380) | (822) | (800) | (1,070) | 187 | 62,584 | 63,781 | (1,790) | (852) | 179 | 258 | 129 | 146 |
| Siemens (continuing operations) | 48,779 | 44,794 | 41,052 | 39,964 | − | − | 41,052 | 39,964 | 3,797 | 5,012 | 142,928 | 138,915 | 161 | 1,638 | 1,125 | 1,043 | 1,665 | 1,692 |
Segment information is disclosed for continuing operations. Segment measurement principles are the same as those described in the September 30, 2018 Annual Report. Revenue includes revenue from contracts with customers and revenue from leasing activities. In the six months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, lease revenue is mainly generated at Siemens Healthineers €96 million and €70 million, Financial Services €129 million and €124 million, and Siemens Real Estate €35 million and €40 million, respectively. The Power and Gas, Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy and Mobility segments recognize revenue predominantly over time due to the nature of their longterm contracts. All other segments generally recognize revenue at a point in time.
Reconciliation to Consolidated Financial Statements
Profit
| First half | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| (in millions of €) | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | |
| Centrally managed portfolio activities | (91) | 1,336 | |
| Siemens Real Estate | 68 | 53 | |
| Corporate items | (180) | (203) | |
| Centrally carried pension expense | (140) | (246) | |
| Amortization of intangible assets acquired in business combinations | (566) | (585) | |
| Eliminations, Corporate Treasury, and other reconciling items | (162) | (167) | |
| Reconciliation to Consolidated Financial Statements | (1,070) | 187 | |
Assets
| Mar 31, | Sep 30, | |
|---|---|---|
| (in millions of €) | 2019 | 2018 |
| Assets Centrally managed portfolio activities | 606 | 438 |
| Assets Siemens Real Estate | 3,620 | 3,625 |
| Assets Corporate items and pensions | (308) | (945) |
| Asset-based adjustments: | ||
| Intragroup financing receivables | 51,184 | 54,617 |
| Tax-related assets | 3,739 | 3,209 |
| Liability-based adjustments | 46,502 | 46,843 |
| Eliminations, Corporate Treasury, other items | (42,760) | (44,006) |
| Reconciliation to Consolidated Financial Statements | 62,584 | 63,781 |
NOTE 9 Related party transactions
Siemens has relationships with many joint ventures and associates in the ordinary course of business whereby Siemens buys and sells a wide variety of products and services generally on arm's length terms. The transactions with joint ventures and associates were as follows:
| I | |
|---|---|
| Sales of goods and services and other income |
Purchases of goods and services and other expenses |
Receivables | Liabilities | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First half | First half | Mar 31, | Sep 30, | Mar 31, | Sep 30, | |||
| (in millions of €) | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | FY 2019 | FY 2018 | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | 2018 |
| Joint ventures | 250 | 970 | 50 | 61 | 136 | 116 | 126 | 178 |
| Associates | 158 | 130 | 111 | 115 | 61 | 40 | 188 | 243 |
| 408 | 1,100 | 161 | 176 | 198 | 156 | 313 | 421 |
As of March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, guarantees for joint ventures and associates amounted to €430 million and €438 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, loans given to joint ventures and associates amounted to €437 million and €363 million, therein €434 million and €360 million related to joint ventures, respectively. As of March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018, the Company had commitments to make capital contributions of €155 million and €14 million to its joint ventures and associates, therein €133 million and €4 million related to joint ventures, respectively. As of March 31, 2019 and September 30, 2018 there were loan commitments to joint ventures amounting to €150 million and €178 million, respectively.
NOTE 10 Subsequent events
Siemens continues to consistently execute Vision 2020+. In May 2019, Siemens announced to further strengthen its Gas and Power business for the future. Siemens plans to carve out this business, and together with its 59% shareholding in Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy, create a unique new company, offering conventional and renewable power generation, oil and gas solutions as well as grid technology for all power transmission. Siemens plans to partially spin-off this new company to the Siemens shareholders, to list it at the stock market, and to keep significant influence by retaining a shareholding in a range of more than 25% and less than 50%. The spin-off is subject to approval by a Siemens shareholders' meeting.
C. Additional information
C.1 Responsibility statement
To the best of our knowledge, and in accordance with the applicable reporting principles for half-year financial reporting, the Halfyear Consolidated Financial Statements give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the Group, and the Interim Group Management Report includes a fair review of the development and performance of the business and the position of the Group, together with a description of the material opportunities and risks associated with the expected development of the Group for the remaining months of the financial year.
Munich, May 7, 2019 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft The Managing Board Joe Kaeser Dr. Roland Busch Lisa Davis Klaus Helmrich Janina Kugel Cedrik Neike Michael Sen Prof. Dr. Ralf P. Thomas
C.2 Review report
To Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin and Munich
We have reviewed the half-year consolidated financial statements comprising the consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, financial position, cash flows and changes in equity, and notes to half-year consolidated financial statements, and the interim group management report, of Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Berlin and Munich for the period from October 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019 which are part of the half-year financial report pursuant to Sec. 115 WpHG ("Wertpapierhandelsgesetz": German Securities Trading Act). The preparation of the half-year consolidated financial statements in accordance with IFRS applicable to interim financial reporting as issued by the IASB and as adopted by the EU and of the interim group management report in accordance with the requirements of the WpHG applicable to interim group management reports is the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to issue a report on the half-year consolidated financial statements and the interim group management report based on our review.
We conducted our review of the half-year consolidated financial statements and the interim group management report in accordance with German generally accepted standards for the review of financial statements promulgated by the Institut der Wirtschaftsprüfer (IDW - Institute of Public Auditors in Germany) and in supplementary compliance with International Standard on Review Engagements 2410, "Review of Interim Financial Information Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity". Those standards require that we plan and perform the review so that we can preclude through critical evaluation, with a certain level of assurance, that the half-year consolidated financial statements are not prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with IFRS applicable to interim financial reporting as issued by the IASB and as adopted by the EU and that the interim group management report is not prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the requirements of the WpHG applicable to interim group management reports. A review is limited primarily to making inquiries of company personnel and applying analytical procedures and thus does not provide the assurance that we would obtain from an audit of financial statements. In accordance with our engagement, we have not performed a financial statement audit and, accordingly, we do not express an audit opinion.
Based on our review nothing has come to our attention that causes us to believe that the half-year consolidated financial statements are not prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with IFRS applicable to interim financial reporting as issued by the IASB and as adopted by the EU or that the interim group management report is not prepared, in all material respects, in accordance with the provisions of the WpHG applicable to interim group management reports.
Munich, May 7, 2019
Ernst & Young GmbH Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft
Spannagl Breitsameter Wirtschaftsprüfer Wirtschaftsprüferin [German Public Auditor] [German Public Auditor]
C.3 Notes and forward-looking statements
This document contains statements related to our future business and financial performance and future events or developments involving Siemens that may constitute forward-looking statements. These statements may be identified by words such as "expect," "look forward to," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "believe," "seek," "estimate," "will," "project" or words of similar meaning. We may also make forward-looking statements in other reports, in presentations, in material delivered to shareholders and in press releases. In addition, our representatives may from time to time make oral forward-looking statements. Such statements are based on the current expectations and certain assumptions of Siemens' management, of which many are beyond Siemens' control. These are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and factors, including, but not limited to those described in disclosures, in particular in the chapter Risks in the Annual Report. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, should decisions, assessments or requirements of regulatory authorities deviate from our expectations, or should underlying expectations not occur or assumptions prove incorrect, actual results, performance or achievements of Siemens may (negatively or positively) vary materially from those described explicitly or implicitly in the relevant forward-looking statement. Siemens neither intends, nor assumes any obligation, to update or revise these forward-looking statements in light of developments which differ from those anticipated.
This document includes – in the applicable financial reporting framework not clearly defined – supplemental financial measures that are or may be alternative performance measures (non-GAAP-measures). These supplemental financial measures should not be viewed in isolation or as alternatives to measures of Siemens' net assets and financial positions or results of operations as presented in accordance with the applicable financial reporting framework in its Consolidated Financial Statements. Other companies that report or describe similarly titled alternative performance measures may calculate them differently.
Due to rounding, numbers presented throughout this and other documents may not add up precisely to the totals provided and percentages may not precisely reflect the absolute figures.
This document is an English language translation of the German document. In case of discrepancies, the German language document is the sole authoritative and universally valid version.
For technical reasons, there may be differences between the accounting records appearing in this document and those published pursuant to legal requirements.
| Address | Siemens AG Werner-von-Siemens-Str. 1 80333 Munich Germany |
|---|---|
| Internet | www.siemens.com |
| Phone | +49 (0)89 636-33443 (Media Relations) +49 (0)89 636-32474 (Investor Relations) |
| Fax | +49 (0)89 636-30085 (Media Relations) +49 (0)89 636-1332474 (Investor Relations) |
| [email protected] [email protected] |
© 2019 by Siemens AG, Berlin and Munich
