AI assistant
RAMELIUS RESOURCES LIMITED — Interim / Quarterly Report 2016
Dec 15, 2015
65718_rns_2015-12-15_bca377d1-3bee-429e-8636-4d63abd1f1a5.pdf
Interim / Quarterly Report
Open in viewerOpens in your device viewer
16 December 2015
For Immediate Release
COMPANY UPDATE
HIGHLIGHTS
-
A further high grade intersection achieved at Milky Way in Mt Magnet (WA) of; � 12m at 3.05 g/t Au
-
Key Tanami Joint Venture (NT) tenements at Highland Rocks granted
-
Excellent Quarter-to-Date gold production (October & November only);
-
~18,000oz produced at an AISC of ~A$1,060/oz
-
Maiden Ore Reserve at Blackmans Project near Mt Magnet of;
-
244,000t @ 2.0g/t for 16,000oz
-
Ore Reserve additions at Kathleen Valley Gold Mine (WA) of;
-
70,000t @ 3.5g/t for 8,000oz
Ramelius Resources Limited (ASX:RMS) is pleased to provide the following company update across the operations, project development and exploration areas of the business.
The final 3 holes of the second phase of Milky Way exploration drilling has returned a further ore grade intersection below the open pit itself. Milky Way is located 3.6km southwest of the Checker Mill at Mt Magnet in WA (refer Figures 1 & 2). Approximately 3,000m of infill resource definition drilling, in the area of the historical pit and starting below hole GXRC1345, will commence in mid-January 2016. Step-out exploration drilling further south is also planned for early February 2016.
In the Northern Territory, the Department of Mines & Energy has advised that three key exploration licences within the Tanami Joint Venture were granted on 18 November 2015. A Mine Management Plan has been submitted to the Department for approval ahead of field work commencing in March/April 2016 after the wet season.
On the operations front, gold production from the Percy and Mossbecker (Kathleen Valley) open pits continues to exceed expectations especially in terms of grade delivered from Mossbecker. As a result, the Checker Gold Mill at Mt Magnet has produced ~18,000oz at an AISC of ~A$1,060/oz for October & November. Despite an expected 10% decrease in mill throughput in December, ahead of a full SAG mill re-line in January 2016, the Company still expects quarterly production to be at the upper end of the Guidance range (23,000-25,000oz).
A maiden Ore Reserve for the Blackmans Project, some 30km north of Mt Magnet, has been produced following completion of a mining study. 244,000t @ 2.0g/t has been defined inside an open pit that is estimated to take 12 months to mine. Statutory approval processes are currently underway and Blackmans is expected to be included in the mining schedule in early FY2017.
Finally, further resource definition drilling has been undertaken at the Kathleen Valley gold mine, leading to additional viable open pits at Nil Desperandum and Yellow Aster North. The pits are relatively small, totalling a volume of 770,000bcm, with the combined additional Ore Reserve being 70,000t @ 3.5g/t for 8,000oz.
For further information contact:
Mark Zeptner Managing Director Ramelius Resources Limited Ph: (08) 9202 1127
Duncan Gordon Executive Director Adelaide Equity Partners Ph: (08) 8232 8800
ABOUT RAMELIUS
==> picture [472 x 112] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [472 x 112] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [472 x 112] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [472 x 112] intentionally omitted <==
Figure 1: Ramelius’ Operations & Development Project Locations
Ramelius owns 100% of the Mt Magnet gold mine and associated Checker processing plant in Western Australia. The Company has commenced developing the high grade Vivien and Kathleen Valley gold mines near Leinster, also in Western Australia. The Burbanks Treatment Plant is located approximately 9 kilometres south of Coolgardie and is currently on care and maintenance.
2
EXPLORATION
Mt Magnet Gold Mine – Milky Way (WA)
All assay results have now been received from the programme of ten deep exploration RC drill holes and two RC reentries completed at Milky Way last month. The drilling was targeting along strike, plus up and down dip of the previously reported 6m at 11.64 g/t Au and 7m at 11.29 g/t Au intersections (refer ASX Releases dated 14 September 2015 and 13 October 2015 respectively) and returned a bonanza grade gold intersection of 22m at 55.05 g/t Au from 112m (refer ASX release dated 2 December 2015). Further high grade gold mineralisation now includes:
� 12m at 3.05 g/t Au from 149m in GXRC1343
As with the previously reported high grade intersections, the gold mineralisation is associated with the newly discovered Milky Way Fault. Where the fault passes through the 50m wide (estimated true width) Milky Way Porphyry it manifests as a series of high grade (steeply plunging) mineralised shoots (refer Figures 3 to 5).
The broader mineralised porphyry interval (using a 0.1 g/t Au lower cut) reports as:
� 73m at 0.79 g/t Au from 149m, including 30m at 1.56 g/t Au in GXRC1343
The remaining two drill holes (not previously reported) failed to intersect the Milky Way Fault and did not return any significant mineralised porphyry intervals (see Table 1 below). The fault is interpreted to project into the footwall of the Milky Way Porphyry as you head south (refer Figure 3) and is therefore believed to be further west of drill hole GXRC1346. Drill hole GXRC1344 was drilled from west to east, mainly due to access restrictions on the east side of the pit, and this hole demonstrated that the far western portion of the porphyry is relatively barren away from the Milky Way Fault.
Milky Way resource definition drilling will commence in January 2016, while step out drilling will commence in February, 2016. The step out drilling will initially target the 1.8km southerly strike of the Milky Way Fault and include deeper drilling below the O’Meara pit, in addition to deeper reconnaissance drilling below the high grade intersections reported thus far below Milky Way (refer Figure 5).
Table 1: Anomalous (>0.1 g/t Au) RC drilling data from Milky Way - Mt Magnet, WA
| Hole Id | Easting | Northing | Az/Dip | RL | F/Depth (m) |
From (m) |
To (m) | Interval (m) |
g/t Au |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GXRC1343 | 577574 | 6896446 | 300/-55 | 441 | 252 | 149 149 149 |
222 179 161 |
73 30 12 |
0.79 1.56 3.05 |
| GXRC1344 | 577353 | 6896723 | 126/-50 | 443 | 276 | 32 42 70 |
37 61 90 |
5 19 20 |
0.14 0.13 0.21 |
| GXRC1346 | 577495 | 6896175 | 302/-50 | 441 | 240 | 1 38 57 146 |
9 41 75 148 |
8 3 18 2 |
0.22 0.25 0.10 0.55 |
Reported significant gold assay intersections (using a 0.1 g/t Au lower cut) are reported using 1m downhole intervals at plus 0.1 g/t gold, with up to 4m of internal dilution. Gold determination was by Fire Assay using a 50gm charge with AAS finishes and a lower limit of detection of 0.01 ppm Au. NSR denotes no significant results. True widths of the high grade shear zone remain unclear but are interpreted to be 50% of reported downhole intersections while the broader porphyry intersections are estimated to be 85% of the reported downhole intersections. Coordinates are MGA94-Z50.
3
==> picture [334 x 52] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [334 x 52] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [334 x 52] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [334 x 52] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [334 x 52] intentionally omitted <==
Figure 2: Milky Way location plan
==> picture [334 x 106] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [334 x 106] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [334 x 107] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [334 x 106] intentionally omitted <==
Figure 3: Milky Way Porphyry plan view
4
==> picture [481 x 67] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [481 x 67] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [481 x 67] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [481 x 67] intentionally omitted <==
Figure 4: Milky Way longitudinal section looking northwest
==> picture [479 x 67] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [479 x 66] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [479 x 67] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [479 x 66] intentionally omitted <==
Figure 5: Proposed reconnaissance drill target areas along strike from Milky Way – see Disclaimer below
Tanami Joint Venture (NT) - Ramelius 85%
Three key exploration licences within the Tanami Joint Venture were granted on 18 November 2015. The Highland Rocks ELs 27511 and 29829 plus the Officer Hills South EL27995 encompass over 1,200km[2] of highly prospective, yet under-explored, palaeo-Proterozoic stratigraphy located within 100km of the world class Callie Gold Mine (Figure 6).
A Mine Management Plan has been submitted to the NT Department of Mines and Energy for approval. It is anticipated field work will commence once all regulatory approvals have been granted.
5
==> picture [469 x 122] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [469 x 121] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [469 x 122] intentionally omitted <==
==> picture [469 x 122] intentionally omitted <==
Figure 6: Tanami Joint Venture, project location
OPERATIONS
Mt Magnet Gold Mine (WA)
Gold production from the Checker gold mill at Mt Magnet has reflected an excellent performance Quarter-to-date from both the Percy and Mossbecker open pits at Mt Magnet and Kathleen Valley respectively. A total of 18,000 ounces has been produced at an AISC of ~A$1,060/oz for the months of October and November 2015, leaving Ramelius well placed to achieve at the upper end of the production guidance range (Guidance released 28 October 2015: 23,00025,000oz at an AISC of A$1,250/oz).
Mill throughput is expected to reduce by approximately 10% during December, as is normally the case when the SAG mill liners are nearing end-of-life, with a full re-line planned for January 2016.
6
ORE RESERVES
Blackmans Gold Project (WA)
A maiden Ore Reserve was generated during the current quarter:
| Pit | Category | tonnes g/t ounces |
|---|---|---|
| Blackmans | Probable | 244,000 2.0 16,000 |
Note: Figures rounded to 1,000t, 0.1g/t & 1,000oz
Ore Reserve Commentary
Ore Reserves are based on the Mineral Resource model previously generated for Blackmans and reported in ASX Release dated 9 June 2015 ‘Blackmans (Mt Magnet) – Maiden Resource & Exploration Update’. Ore Reserves only utilise Indicated Resources and are reported above 1.0g/t.
Ore Reserve generation incorporates pit optimisation at A$1,500/oz, pit design and evaluation (refer Figure 7). Mining would be via conventional open-pit methods. The pit would be operated as a satellite operation from Mt Magnet, 30km south. Haulage of ore would be by roadtrain to the operating Checkers gold mill. Mine design considerations include geotechnical core drilling and external consultant recommendations, groundwater test drilling and consultant investigations, metallurgical test work, environmental studies, heritage and stakeholder consultations. Mining costs are based on recent rates at the Company’s Mt Magnet and Kathleen Valley operations. Milling costs are based on current Mt Magnet operating costs. A Mining Proposal will be submitted prior to the end of the year. Further detail is supplied below in Appendix B.
==> picture [427 x 376] intentionally omitted <==
Figure 7: Blackmans pit and Resource model (laterite ore not shown) – oblique view to north
7
Kathleen Valley Ore Reserves
Two additional pits have been designed for the Yellow Aster North and Nil Desperandum areas, providing additional Ore Reserves at the project.
| Pit | Category | tonnes g/t ounces |
|---|---|---|
| Nil Desperandum Yellow Aster North |
Probable Probable |
28,000 4.8 4,000 42,000 2.7 4,000 |
| Total | Probable | 70,000 3.5 8,000 |
Note: Figures rounded to 1,000t, 0.1g/t & 1,000oz, rounding errors may occur
Ore Reserve Commentary
Ore Reserves are based on the Mineral Resource models previously generated for Kathleen Valley and reported in ASX Release dated 19 January 2015 ‘Maiden Ore Reserve boosts Kathleen Valley Gold Project’. Ore Reserves only utilise Indicated Resources and are reported above 1.5g/t.
A regularised, diluted version of the Mineral Resource model was created for mining optimisation, design and reporting (refer Figure 8). Mine design considerations include previously completed external geotechnical recommendations, groundwater investigations, metallurgical test work, environmental studies and mine scheduling. Additional dilution was added reflecting the flat lying nature of the deposits. Mining costs are based on recent actual and tendered mining rates at Kathleen Valley. Processing costs are based on current Mt Magnet milling and haulage costs. Mining approvals for the additional pits were granted with the initial project approval. Further detail is supplied below in Appendix C.
==> picture [484 x 350] intentionally omitted <==
----- Start of picture text -----
Nil Desperandum
Yellow Aster Deeps
Yellow Aster North
----- End of picture text -----
Figure 8: Kathleen Valley Additional Pits – oblique view to south
8
Disclaimer
No tonnage or grade estimates are available for the Exploration Targets outlined in Figure 5. The targets remain conceptual in nature as there has been insufficient deeper drilling to allow for any tonnage or grade estimates to be produced. Further, it is uncertain if additional exploration drilling will result in any exploration success. As a first pass, Ramelius proposes 200m spaced reconnaissance RC drilling to 200m below surface to scope the potential of the Extension Target to host significant mineralisation along strike of Milky Way in addition to selected deeper exploration drilling to scope the plunge projections of the high grade mineralisation reported below Milky Way to date. The drilling is scheduled to commence in February 2016.
Competent Persons
The Information in this report that relates to Exploration Targets and Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves is based on information compiled by Kevin Seymour (Exploration Results), Rob Hutchison (Mineral Resources) and Mark Zeptner (Ore Reserves), who are Competent Persons and Members of The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Kevin Seymour, Rob Hutchison and Mark Zeptner are full-time employees of the company. Kevin Seymour, Rob Hutchison and Mark Zeptner have sufficient experience that is relevant to the style of mineralisation and type of deposit under consideration and to the activity being undertaken to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 Edition of the “Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves”. Kevin Seymour, Rob Hutchison and Mark Zeptner consent to the inclusion in this report of the matters based on their information in the form and context in which it appears.
9
Appendix A - JORC Table 1 Report for Milky Way, RC Drilling Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Sampling | • Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut | • Potential gold mineralised intervals are |
| techniques | channels, random chips, or specific | systematically sampled using industry standard 1m |
| specialised industry standard | intervals, collected from reverse circulation (RC) drill | |
| measurement tools appropriate to the | holes. | |
| minerals under investigation, such as | • Drill hole locations were designed to allow for spatial | |
| down hole gamma sondes, or handheld | spread across the interpreted mineralised zone. All | |
| XRF instruments, etc). These examples | RC samples were collected and riffle split to 3-4kg | |
| should not be taken as limiting the broad | samples on 1m metre intervals. | |
| meaning of sampling. | • Standard fire assaying was employed using a 50gm | |
| • Include reference to measures taken to | charge with an AAS finish. Trace element | |
| ensure sample representivity and the | determination was undertaken using a multi (4) acid | |
| appropriate calibration of any | digest and ICP- AES finish. | |
| measurement tools or systems used. | ||
| • Aspects of the determination of | ||
| mineralisation that are Material to the | ||
| Public Report. | ||
| • In cases where ‘industry standard’ work | ||
| has been done this would be relatively | ||
| simple (eg ‘reverse circulation drilling was | ||
| used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 | ||
| kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g | ||
| charge for fire assay’). In other cases | ||
| more explanation may be required, such | ||
| as where there is coarse gold that has | ||
| inherent sampling problems. Unusual | ||
| commodities or mineralisation types (eg | ||
| submarine nodules) may warrant | ||
| disclosure ofdetailed information. | ||
| Drilling | • Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, | • Drilling was completed using best practice 5 ¾” face |
| techniques | open-hole hammer, rotary air blast, | sampling RC drilling hammers for all drill holes. |
| auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg | ||
| core diameter, triple or standard tube, | ||
| depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit | ||
| or other type, whether core is oriented | ||
| and ifso,bywhat method,etc). | ||
| Drill sample | • Method of recording and assessing core | • Bulk RC drill holes samples were visually inspected |
| recovery | and chip sample recoveries and results | by the supervising geologist to ensure adequate |
| assessed. | clean sample recoveries were achieved. Any wet, | |
| • Measures taken to maximise sample | contaminated or poor sample returns are flagged | |
| recovery and ensure representative | and recorded in the database to ensure no sampling | |
| nature of the samples. | bias is introduced. | |
| • Whether a relationship exists between | • Zones of poor sample return are recorded in the | |
| sample recovery and grade and whether | database and cross checked once assay results are | |
| sample bias may have occurred due to | received from the laboratory to ensure no | |
| preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse | misrepresentation of sampling intervals has | |
| material. | occurred. Of note, excellent RC drill recovery is | |
| reported from all RC holes. | ||
| Logging | • Whether core and chip samples have | • All RC drill samples are geologically logged on site by |
| been geologically and geotechnically | professional geologists. Details on the host | |
| logged to a level of detail to support | lithologies, deformation, dominant minerals | |
| appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, | including sulphide species and alteration minerals |
|
| miningstudies and metallurgical studies. | plus veiningare recorded relationally (separately)so |
10
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| • Whether logging is qualitative or | the logging is interactive and not biased to lithology. | |
| quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, | • Drill hole logging of RC chips is qualitative on visual | |
| channel, etc) photography. | recordings of rock forming minerals and quantitative | |
| • The total length and percentage of the | on estimates of mineral abundance. | |
| relevant intersections logged. | • The entire length of each RC drill hole is geologically | |
| logged. | ||
| Sub-sampling | • If core, whether cut or sawn and whether | • Duplicate samples are collected every 25thsample |
| techniques | quarter, half or all core taken. | from the RC chips. |
| and sample | • If non-core, whether riffled, tube | • Dry RC 1m samples are riffle split to 3-4kg as drilled |
| preparation | sampled, rotary split, etc and whether | and dispatched to the laboratory. Any wet samples |
| sampled wet or dry. | are recorded in the database as such and allowed to | |
| • For all sample types, the nature, quality | dry before splitting and dispatching to the | |
| and appropriateness of the sample | laboratory. | |
| preparation technique. | • All samples are pulverized prior to splitting in the | |
| • Quality control procedures adopted for all | laboratory to ensure homogenous samples with 85% |
|
| sub-sampling stages to maximise | passing 75um. 200gm is extracted by spatula that is | |
| representivity of samples. | used for the 50gm charge on standard fire assays. | |
| • Measures taken to ensure that the | • RC samples submitted to the laboratory are sorted | |
| sampling is representative of the in situ | and reconciled against the submission documents. | |
| material collected, including for instance | In addition to duplicates a high grade or low grade | |
| results for field duplicate/second-half | standard is included every 25thsample, a controlled | |
| sampling. | blank is inserted every 100thsample. The laboratory | |
| • Whether sample sizes are appropriate to | uses barren flushes to clean their pulveriser and | |
| the grain size of the material being | their own internal standards and duplicates to | |
| sampled. | ensure industry best practice quality control is | |
| maintained. | ||
| • The sample size is considered appropriate for the | ||
| type, style, thickness and consistency of | ||
| mineralization. | ||
| Quality of | • The nature, quality and appropriateness | • The fire assay method is designed to measure the |
| assay data and | of the assaying and laboratory |
total gold in the sample. The technique involves |
| laboratory | procedures used and whether the | standard fire assays using a 50gm sample charge |
| tests | technique is considered partial or total. | with a lead flux (decomposed in the furnace). The |
| • For geophysical tools, spectrometers, | prill is totally digested by HCl and HNO3acids before | |
| handheld XRF instruments, etc, the | measurement of the gold determination by AAS. | |
| parameters used in determining the | • No field analyses of gold grades are completed. | |
| analysis including instrument make and | Quantitative analysis of the gold content and trace | |
| model, reading times, calibrations factors | elements is undertaken in a controlled laboratory | |
| applied and their derivation, etc. | environment. | |
| • Nature of quality control procedures | • Industry best practice is employed with the inclusion | |
| adopted (eg standards, blanks, | of duplicates and standards as discussed above, and | |
| duplicates, external laboratory checks) | used by Ramelius as well as the laboratory. All | |
| and whether acceptable levels of | Ramelius standards and blanks are interrogated to | |
| accuracy (ie lack of bias) and precision | ensure they lie within acceptable tolerances. | |
| have been established. | Additionally, sample size, grind size and field | |
| duplicates are examined to ensure no bias to gold | ||
| grades exists. | ||
| Verification of | • The verification of significant | • Alternative Ramelius personnel have inspected the |
| sampling and | intersections by either independent or | RC chips in the field to verify the correlation of |
| assaying | alternative company personnel. | mineralised zones between assay results and |
| • The use of twinned holes. | lithology, alteration and mineralization. | |
| • Documentation of primary data, data | • All holes are digitally logged in the field and all | |
| entry procedures, data verification, data | primary data is forwarded to Ramelius’ Database | |
| storage (physical and electronic) | Administrator (DBA) in Perth where it is imported | |
| protocols. | into Datashed,a commerciallyavailable and industry |
11
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| • Discuss any adjustment to assay data. | accepted database software package. Assay data is | |
| electronically merged when received from the | ||
| laboratory. The responsible project geologist | ||
| reviews the data in the database to ensure that it is | ||
| correct and has merged properly and that all the drill | ||
| data collected in the field has been captured and | ||
| entered into the database correctly. | ||
| • The responsible geologist makes the DBA aware of | ||
| any errors and/or omissions to the database and the | ||
| corrections (if required) are corrected in the | ||
| database immediately. | ||
| • No adjustments or calibrations are made to any of | ||
| the assay data recorded in the database. | ||
| • No new mineral resource estimate is included in this | ||
| report. | ||
| Location of | • Accuracy and quality of surveys used to | • All drill hole collars are picked up using accurate |
| data points | locate drill holes (collar and down-hole | DGPS survey control. All down hole surveys are |
| surveys), trenches, mine workings and | collected using downhole Eastman single shot | |
| other locations used in Mineral Resource | surveying techniques provided by the drilling | |
| estimation. | contractors. | |
| • Specification of the grid system used. | • All Mount Magnet holes are picked up in MGA94 – | |
| • Quality and adequacy of topographic | Zone 50 grid coordinates. | |
| control. | • DGPS RL measurements captured the collar surveys | |
| of the drill holes prior to the resource estimation | ||
| work. | ||
| Data spacing | • Data spacing for reporting of Exploration | • Exploration drill holes were planned on nominal 50m |
| and | Results. | parting at Milky Way to better define ore continuity. |
| distribution | • Whether the data spacing and | • Given the limited understanding of the target |
| distribution is sufficient to establish the | horizon this spacing was considered adequate to | |
| degree of geological and grade continuity | help define the continuity of mineralisation, ahead |
|
| appropriate for the Mineral Resource and | of further step out drilling. | |
| Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and | • No sampling compositing has been applied within | |
| classifications applied. | key mineralised intervals. | |
| • Whether sample compositing has been | ||
| applied. | ||
| Orientation of | • Whether the orientation of sampling | • The drilling is completed orthogonal to the |
| data in | achieves unbiased sampling of possible | interpreted strike of the target horizon. No diamond |
| relation to | structures and the extent to which this is | drilling has been completed by Ramelius on the |
| geological | known, considering the deposit type. | targets thus far. |
| structure | • If the relationship between the drilling | • Selected diamond twinning will be completed at |
| orientation and the orientation of key | Milky Way in due course to confirm no drilling | |
| mineralised structures is considered to | orientation and/or sampling bias is present, albeit | |
| have introduced a sampling bias, this | the true orientation of the high grade structure is yet | |
| should be assessed and reported if | to be confirmed. | |
| material. | ||
| Sample | • The measures taken to ensure sample | • Sample security is integral to Ramelius’ sampling |
| security | security. | procedures. All bagged RC samples are delivered |
| directly from the field to the assay laboratory in | ||
| Perth, whereupon the laboratory checks the | ||
| physically received samples against Ramelius’ | ||
| sample submission/dispatch notes. | ||
| Audits or | • The results of any audits or reviews of | • Sampling techniques and procedures are reviewed |
| reviews | sampling techniques and data. | prior to the commencement of new work |
| programmes to ensure adequateprocedures are in |
12
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| place to maximize the sample collection and sample | ||
| quality on new projects. No external audits have | ||
| been completed to date. |
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral | • Type, reference name/number, location | • The results reported in this report are on granted |
| tenement and | and ownership including agreements or | Mining Lease (ML) 58/136 (Mount Magnet – Milky |
| land tenure | material issues with third parties such as | Way) owned 100% by Ramelius Resources Limited. |
| status | joint ventures, partnerships, overriding | The tenement is located on pastoral/grazing leases. |
| royalties, native title interests, historical | Heritage surveys were completed prior to any | |
| sites, wilderness or national park and | ground disturbing activities in accordance with | |
| environmental settings. | Ramelius’ responsibilities under the Aboriginal | |
| • The security of the tenure held at the time | Heritage Act. |
|
| of reporting along with any known | • At this time all the tenements are in good standing. | |
| impediments to obtaining a licence to | There are no known impediments to obtaining a | |
| operate in the area. | licence to operate in the area. | |
| Exploration | • Acknowledgment and appraisal of | • Exploration by other parties has been reviewed and |
| done by other | exploration by other parties. | is used as a guide to Ramelius’ exploration activities. |
| parties | Previous parties have completed shallow RAB, | |
| Aircore, RC drilling and shallow open pit mining at | ||
| Milky Way plus geophysical data collection and | ||
| interpretation. This report concerns only | ||
| exploration resultsgenerated byRamelius. | ||
| Geology | • Deposit type, geological setting and style | • The mineralisation at Milky Way is typical of |
| of mineralisation. | porphyry hosted orogenic structurally controlled | |
| Archaean gold lode systems. The mineralisation is | ||
| controlled by anastomosing shear zones passing | ||
| through competent rock units, brittle fracture and | ||
| stockwork mineralization is common on the | ||
| competent porphyry rock. The bedrock Milky Way | ||
| mineralisation currently extends over 100m strike | ||
| and dips steeply eastwards along the eastern flank of | ||
| the NE striking Milky Way Porphyry. The plunge of | ||
| the system isyet to be determined. | ||
| Drill hole | • A summary of all information material to | • All the drill holes reported in this report have the |
| Information | the understanding of the exploration | following parameters applied. All drill holes |
| results including a tabulation of the | completed, including holes with no significant results | |
| following information for all Material drill | as defined in the Attachments) are reported in this |
|
| holes: | announcement. | |
o easting and northing of the drill hole |
• Easting and northing are given in MGA94 | |
| collar | coordinates as defined in the Attachments. | |
o elevation or RL (Reduced Level – |
• RL is AHD | |
| elevation above sea level in metres) of | • Dip is the inclination of the hole from the horizontal. |
|
| the drill hole collar | Azimuth is reported in magnetic degrees as the | |
o dip and azimuth of the hole |
direction the hole is drilled. MGA94 and magnetic | |
o down hole length and interception |
degrees vary by <10in the project area. | |
| depth | • Down hole length is the distance measured along the | |
o hole length. |
drill hole trace. Intersection length is the thickness | |
| • If the exclusion of this information is | of an anomalous gold intersection measured along | |
| justified on the basis that the information | the drill hole trace. | |
| is not Material and this exclusion does not | • Hole length is the distance from the surface to the |
13
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| detract from the understanding of the | end of the hole measured along the drill hole trace. | |
| report, the Competent Person should | • No results currently available from the exploration | |
| clearly explain why this is the case. | drilling are excluded from this report. Gold grade | |
| intersections >0.1 g/t Au with up to 4m of internal | ||
| dilution are considered significant in the broader | ||
| felsic porphyry host rock as a strong demarcation | ||
| between the mineralized porphyry and the non- | ||
| mineralised ultramafic rocks is noted. The porphyry | ||
| hosted results are reported in this report. Gold | ||
| grades greater than 0.5 g/t Au are highlighted where | ||
| good continuity of higher grade mineralization is | ||
| observed. | ||
| Data | • In reporting Exploration Results, | • The first gold assay result received from each sample |
| aggregation | weighting averaging techniques, | reported by the laboratory is tabled in the list of |
| methods | maximum and/or minimum grade | significant assays. Subsequent repeat analyses when |
| truncations (eg cutting of high grades) | performed by the laboratory are checked against the | |
| and cut-off grades are usually Material | original to ensure repeatability of the assay results. | |
| and should be stated. | • Weighted average techniques are applied to | |
| • Where aggregate intercepts incorporate | determine the grade of the anomalous interval when | |
| short lengths of high grade results and | geological intervals less than 1m have been sampled. | |
| longer lengths of low grade results, the | • Results are generally reported using a 0.1 g/t Au | |
| procedure used for such aggregation | lower cut-off (as described above and reported in | |
| should be stated and some typical | the Attachments) and may include up to 4m of | |
| examples of such aggregations should be | internal dilution. Significant assays greater than 0.5 | |
| shown in detail. | or 8.0 g/t Au are reported separately as contained | |
| • The assumptions used for any reporting of | within the broader lower grade intervals. For |
|
| metal equivalent values should be clearly | example the broader plus 1.0 g/t Au intersection of | |
| stated. | 6.5m @ 30.5 g/t Au contains a higher grade zone | |
| running plus 8 g/t Au and is included as 4m @ 48.5 | ||
| g/t Au. Where extremely high gold intersections are | ||
| encountered as in this example, the highest grade | ||
| sample interval (eg 1.0m @ 150 g/t Au) is also | ||
| reported. All assay results are reported to 3 | ||
| significant figures in line with the analytical precision | ||
| of the laboratory techniques employed. | ||
| • No metal equivalent reportingis used or applied. | ||
| Relationship | • These relationships are particularly | • The intersection length is measured down the length |
| between | important in the reporting of Exploration | of the hole and is not usually the true width. When |
| mineralisation | Results. | sufficient knowledge on the thickness of the |
| widths and | • If the geometry of the mineralisation with | intersection is known an estimate of the true |
| intercept | respect to the drill hole angle is known, its | thickness is provided in the Attachment. |
| lengths | nature should be reported. | • The known geometry of the mineralisation with |
| • If it is not known and only the down hole | respect to the drill holes reported in this report is | |
| lengths are reported, there should be a | poorly constrained from historical mining and | |
| clear statement to this effect (eg ‘down | previous drill hole intersections at Milky Way | |
| hole length, true width not known’). | (Mount Magnet) at this still early stage of the | |
| exploration | ||
| Diagrams | • Appropriate maps and sections (with | • Drillhole plan and sectional views of Milky Way have |
| scales) and tabulations of intercepts | been provided in this release and previous releases | |
| should be included for any significant | to enable the reader to see the intersections relative | |
| discovery being reported These should | to previous mining and previous drill hole | |
| include, but not be limited to a plan view | intersections plus the current interpretation of the | |
| of drill hole collar locations and | overall lode geometry. Given the steep dip of the | |
| appropriate sectional views. | mineralisation at Milky Way the cross sectional view | |
| presentation is currently considered the best 2-D | ||
| representation of the known spatial extent of the |
14
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| mineralization intersected to date. | ||
| Balanced | • Where comprehensive reporting of all | • All RC drill holes completed to date are reported in |
| reporting | Exploration Results is not practicable, | this report and all material intersections as defined) |
| representative reporting of both low and | are reported. | |
| high grades and/or widths should be | ||
| practiced to avoid misleading reporting of | ||
| Exploration Results. | ||
| Other | • Other exploration data, if meaningful and | • No other exploration data that has been collected is |
| substantive | material, should be reported including | considered meaningful and material to this report. |
| exploration | (but not limited to): geological | |
| data | observations; geophysical survey results; | |
| geochemical survey results; bulk samples | ||
| – size and method of treatment; | ||
| metallurgical test results; bulk density, | ||
| groundwater, geotechnical and rock | ||
| characteristics; potential deleterious or | ||
| contaminatingsubstances. | ||
| Further work | • The nature and scale of planned further | • Future exploration includes further step out drilling |
| work (eg tests for lateral extensions or | below and along strike of the reported intersections | |
| depth extensions or large-scale step-out | at Milky Way to better define the extent of the | |
| drilling). | mineralization discovered to date. | |
| • Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of | ||
| possible extensions, including the main | ||
| geological interpretations and future | ||
| drilling areas, provided this information is | ||
| not commerciallysensitive. |
Appendix B – JORC Table 1 Report Blackmans Gold Deposit Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Sampling | • Nature and quality of sampling (e.g. cut | • Sampled by RC drilling with samples collected as 1m |
| techniques | channels, random chips, or specific | samples and sub-sampled using a riffle or cone |
| specialised industry standard | splitter to produce ≈3kg sub-samples. Drillhole | |
| measurement tools appropriate to the | locations were designed to cover the spatial extents | |
| minerals under investigation, such as | of the interpreted mineralisation. | |
| down hole gamma sondes, or handheld | • Drill hole locations were designed to allow for spatial | |
| XRF instruments, etc). These examples | spread across the interpreted mineralised zone. | |
| should not be taken as limiting the broad | • Standard fire assaying was employed using a 50gm | |
| meaning of sampling. | charge with an AAS finish. Trace element | |
| • Include reference to measures taken to | determination was undertaken using a multi (4) acid | |
| ensure sample representivity and the | digest and ICP- AES finish. | |
| appropriate calibration of any | ||
| measurement tools or systems used. | ||
| • Aspects of the determination of | ||
| mineralisation that are Material to the | ||
| Public Report. | ||
| • In cases where ‘industry standard’ work | ||
| has been done this would be relatively | ||
| simple (e.g. ‘reverse circulation drilling | ||
| was used to obtain 1 m samples from | ||
| which 3 kgwaspulverised toproduce a |
15
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| 30 g charge for fire assay’). In other cases | ||
| more explanation may be required, such | ||
| as where there is coarse gold that has | ||
| inherent sampling problems. Unusual | ||
| commodities or mineralisation types (e.g. | ||
| submarine nodules) may warrant | ||
| disclosure ofdetailed information. | ||
| Drilling | • Drill type (e.g. core, reverse circulation, | • RC Drilling was completed using best practice 5 ¾” |
| techniques | open-hole hammer, rotary air blast, | face sampling RC drilling hammers for all drill |
| auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details | programmes. | |
| (e.g. core diameter, triple or standard | • Two HQ triple tube diamond core holes drilled | |
| tube, depth of diamond tails, face- | primarily for geotechnical investigation | |
| sampling bit or other type, whether core | • Minor historical RAB drilling was completed within | |
| is oriented and if so, by what method, | the upper laterite zone. | |
| etc). | ||
| Drill sample | • Method of recording and assessing core | • Bulk RC drill holes samples were visually inspected |
| recovery | and chip sample recoveries and results | by the supervising geologist to ensure adequate |
| assessed. | clean sample recoveries were achieved. Any wet, | |
| • Measures taken to maximise sample | contaminated or poor sample returns are flagged | |
| recovery and ensure representative | and recorded in the database to ensure no sampling | |
| nature of the samples. | bias is introduced. | |
| • Whether a relationship exists between | • Zones of poor sample return are recorded in the | |
| sample recovery and grade and whether | database and cross checked once assay results are | |
| sample bias may have occurred due to | received from the laboratory to ensure no | |
| preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse | misrepresentation of sampling intervals has | |
| material. | occurred. Excellent RC drill recovery is reported | |
| from all RC holes. | ||
| • No indication of sample bias is evident or has been | ||
| established | ||
| Logging | • Whether core and chip samples have | • All RC drill samples are geologically logged on site by |
| been geologically and geotechnically | RMS geologists. Details on the host lithologies, | |
| logged to a level of detail to support | deformation, dominant minerals including sulphide | |
| appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, | species and alteration minerals plus veining are |
|
| mining studies and metallurgical studies. | recorded relationally (separately). | |
| • Whether logging is qualitative or | • Drillhole logging of RC chips is qualitative on visual | |
| quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, | recordings of rock forming minerals and estimates of | |
| channel, etc) photography. | mineral abundance. | |
| • The total length and percentage of the | • The entire length of drillholes are geologically logged | |
| relevant intersections logged. | ||
| Sub-sampling | • If core, whether cut or sawn and whether | • Duplicate samples are collected every 25thsample |
| techniques | quarter, half or all core taken. | from the RC chips. |
| and sample | • If non-core, whether riffled, tube | • Dry RC 1m samples are riffle split to 3kg as drilled |
| preparation | sampled, rotary split, etc and whether | and dispatched to the laboratory. Any wet samples |
| sampled wet or dry. | are recorded in the database as such and allowed to | |
| • For all sample types, the nature, quality | dry before splitting and dispatching to the | |
| and appropriateness of the sample | laboratory. | |
| preparation technique. | • All samples are pulverized prior to splitting in the | |
| • Quality control procedures adopted for all | laboratory to ensure homogenous samples with 85% |
|
| sub-sampling stages to maximise | passing 75um. 200gm is extracted by spatula that is | |
| representivity of samples. | used for the 50gm charge on standard fire assays. | |
| • Measures taken to ensure that the | • RC samples submitted to the laboratory are sorted | |
| sampling is representative of the in situ | and reconciled against the submission documents. | |
| material collected, including for instance | In addition to duplicates a high grade or low grade | |
| results for field duplicate/second-half | standard is included every 25thsample, a controlled | |
| sampling. | blank is inserted every 100thsample. The laboratory | |
| • Whether sample sizes are appropriate to | uses barren flushes to clean their pulveriser and |
16
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| the grain size of the material being | their own internal standards and duplicates to | |
| sampled. | ensure quality control is maintained. | |
| • The sample size is considered appropriate for the | ||
| type, style, thickness and consistency of | ||
| mineralization. | ||
| Quality of | • The nature, quality and appropriateness | • The fire assay method is designed to measure the |
| assay data and | of the assaying and laboratory |
total gold in the sample. The technique involves |
| laboratory | procedures used and whether the | standard fire assays using a 50gm sample charge |
| tests | technique is considered partial or total. | with a lead flux (decomposed in the furnace). The |
| • For geophysical tools, spectrometers, | prill is totally digested by HCl and HNO3acids before | |
| handheld XRF instruments, etc, the | measurement of the gold determination by AAS. | |
| parameters used in determining the | • No field analyses of gold grades are completed. | |
| analysis including instrument make and | Quantitative analysis of the gold content and trace | |
| model, reading times, calibrations factors | elements is undertaken in a controlled laboratory | |
| applied and their derivation, etc. | environment. | |
| • Nature of quality control procedures | • Industry best practice is employed with the inclusion | |
| adopted (e.g. standards, blanks, | of duplicates and standards as discussed above, and | |
| duplicates, external laboratory checks) | used by Ramelius as well as the laboratory. All | |
| and whether acceptable levels of | Ramelius standards and blanks are interrogated to | |
| accuracy (i.e. lack of bias) and precision | ensure they lie within acceptable tolerances. | |
| have been established. | Additionally, sample size, grind size and field | |
| duplicates are examined to ensure no bias to gold | ||
| grades exists. | ||
| Verification of | • The verification of significant | • Alternative Ramelius personnel have inspected the |
| sampling and | intersections by either independent or | RC chips in the field to verify the correlation of |
| assaying | alternative company personnel. | mineralised zones between assay results and |
| • The use of twinned holes. | lithology, alteration and mineralization. | |
| • Documentation of primary data, data | • All holes are digitally logged in the field and all | |
| entry procedures, data verification, data | primary data is forwarded to Ramelius’ Database | |
| storage (physical and electronic) | Administrator (DBA) in Perth where it is imported | |
| protocols. | into Datashed. Assay data is electronically merged | |
| • Discuss any adjustment to assay data. | when received from the laboratory. The responsible | |
| project geologist reviews the data in the database to | ||
| ensure that it is correct and has merged properly | ||
| and that all the drill data collected in the field has | ||
| been captured and entered into the database | ||
| correctly. | ||
| • The responsible geologist makes the DBA aware of | ||
| any errors and/or omissions to the database and the | ||
| corrections (if required) are corrected in the | ||
| database immediately. | ||
| • No adjustments or calibrations are made to any of | ||
| the assaydata recorded in the database. | ||
| Location of | • Accuracy and quality of surveys used to | • Hole collars are picked up using accurate DGPS |
| data points | locate drill holes (collar and down-hole | survey control. All down hole surveys are collected |
| surveys), trenches, mine workings and | using downhole Eastman single shot surveying | |
| other locations used in Mineral Resource | techniques provided by the drilling contractors. | |
| estimation. | • All Blackmans holes are picked up in MGA94 – Zone | |
| • Specification of the grid system used. | 50 grid coordinates. | |
| • Quality and adequacy of topographic | • Topographic control is established from DTM survey | |
| control. | bases at Blackmans | |
| Data spacing | • Data spacing for reporting of Exploration | • Exploration drill holes were planned on a nominal |
| and | Results. | 25m (section) x 10m spacing at Blackmans to better |
| distribution | • Whether the data spacing and | define ore continuity. |
| distribution is sufficient to establish the | • This spacing is considered adequate to define the | |
| degree of geological andgrade continuity | geological andgrade continuityof mineralisation |
17
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| appropriate for the Mineral Resource and | • No sampling compositing has been applied within | |
| Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and | key mineralised intervals. | |
| classifications applied. | ||
| • Whether sample compositing has been | ||
| applied. | ||
| Orientation of | • Whether the orientation of sampling | • The drilling is drilled orthogonal to the interpreted |
| data in | achieves unbiased sampling of possible | strike of the target horizon. |
| relation to | structures and the extent to which this is | • Selected diamond twinning will be completed at |
| geological | known, considering the deposit type. | Blackmans in due course to confirm no drilling |
| structure | • If the relationship between the drilling | orientation and/or sampling bias is present; albeit |
| orientation and the orientation of key | none has been recognized at this time as the | |
| mineralised structures is considered to | geological interpretation sits orthogonal to the drill | |
| have introduced a sampling bias, this | traces and is similar in orientation to regional | |
| should be assessed and reported if | mineralisation trends | |
| material. | ||
| Sample | • The measures taken to ensure sample | • All bagged RC samples are delivered directly from |
| security | security. | the field to the assay laboratory in Perth, whereupon |
| the laboratory checks the physically received | ||
| samples against Ramelius’ sample | ||
| submission/dispatch notes. | ||
| Audits or | • The results of any audits or reviews of | • Sampling techniques and procedures are reviewed |
| reviews | sampling techniques and data. | prior to the commencement of new work |
| programmes to ensure adequate procedures are in | ||
| place to maximize the sample collection and sample | ||
| quality on new projects. No external audits have | ||
| been completed to date. |
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral | • Type, reference name/number, location | • The results reported in this report are on granted |
| tenement and | and ownership including agreements or | Mining Lease, ML 58/222 (Blackmans); owned 100% |
| land tenure | material issues with third parties such as | by Ramelius Resources Limited. The tenements are |
| status | joint ventures, partnerships, overriding | located on pastoral/grazing leases. |
| royalties, native title interests, historical | • A minor $/t milled third party royalty is in place | |
| sites, wilderness or national park and | • At this time all the tenements are in good standing. | |
| environmental settings. | There are no known impediments to obtaining a | |
| • The security of the tenure held at the time | licence to operate in the area. |
|
| of reporting along with any known | ||
| impediments to obtaining a licence to | ||
| operate in the area. | ||
| Exploration | • Acknowledgment and appraisal of | • Exploration at Blackmans consists of previous RAB |
| done by other | exploration by other parties. | and RC drilling drilled by previous owners. The most |
| parties | significant previous drilling was RC drilling conducted | |
| byHarmonyGold in 2006. | ||
| Geology | • Deposit type, geological setting and style | • The mineralisation at Blackmans is typical of |
| of mineralisation. | orogenic structurally controlled Archaean gold lode | |
| systems. The mineralisation is controlled by | ||
| anastomosing shear zones passing through | ||
| competent rock units. The Blackmans mineralisation | ||
| extends over 350m strike and dips around 900as two | ||
| main and several subsidiary,subparallel lodes. A flat |
18
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| lying shallow laterite of 8-15m depth hosts a | ||
| secondary gold zone of 2-5m thickness above the | ||
| residual saprolite zone. | ||
| • Mineralisation appears to at least partially correlate | ||
| with iron staining and/or minor disseminated | ||
| sulphide andquartz veining. | ||
| Drill hole | • A summary of all information material to | • Exploration results not reported at this time. Refer |
| Information | the understanding of the exploration | to previous releases on drilling results. |
| results including a tabulation of the | ||
| following information for all Material drill | ||
| holes: | ||
o easting and northing of the drill hole |
||
| collar | ||
o elevation or RL (Reduced Level – |
||
| elevation above sea level in metres) of | ||
| the drill hole collar | ||
o dip and azimuth of the hole |
||
o down hole length and interception |
||
| depth | ||
o hole length. |
||
| • If the exclusion of this information is | ||
| justified on the basis that the information | ||
| is not Material and this exclusion does not | ||
| detract from the understanding of the | ||
| report, the Competent Person should | ||
| clearlyexplain whythis is the case. | ||
| Data | • In reporting Exploration Results, | • Weighted average techniques are applied to |
| aggregation | weighting averaging techniques, | determine the grade of the anomalous interval when |
| methods | maximum and/or minimum grade | geological intervals less than 1m have been sampled. |
| truncations (e.g. cutting of high grades) | • Results are generally reported using a 0.5 g/t Au | |
| and cut-off grades are usually Material | lower cut-off and may include up to 2m of internal | |
| and should be stated. | dilution. | |
| • Where aggregate intercepts incorporate | • No metal equivalent reporting is used or applied. | |
| short lengths of high grade results and | ||
| longer lengths of low grade results, the | ||
| procedure used for such aggregation | ||
| should be stated and some typical | ||
| examples of such aggregations should be | ||
| shown in detail. | ||
| • The assumptions used for any reporting of | ||
| metal equivalent values should be clearly | ||
| stated. | ||
| Relationship | • These relationships are particularly | • The intersection length is measured down the length |
| between | important in the reporting of Exploration | of the hole and is not usually the true width |
| mineralisation | Results. | • True widths are currently estimated as 85% of |
| widths and | • If the geometry of the mineralisation with | reported widths for the horizontal laterite ore zone |
| intercept | respect to the drill hole angle is known, its | and 60% of reported widths for sub-vertical lode |
| lengths | nature should be reported. | intercepts |
| • If it is not known and only the down hole | ||
| lengths are reported, there should be a | ||
| clear statement to this effect (e.g. ‘down | ||
| hole length,true width not known’). | ||
| Diagrams | • Appropriate maps and sections (with | • Representative maps and sections are shown in |
| scales) and tabulations of intercepts | relevant noted releases. | |
| should be included for any significant | ||
| discoverybeingreported These should |
19
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| include, but not be limited to a plan view | ||
| of drill hole collar locations and | ||
| appropriate sectional views. | ||
| Balanced | • Where comprehensive reporting of all | • All RC drillhole intercepts completed by RMS were |
| reporting | Exploration Results is not practicable, | reported in previous ASX releases made on the |
| representative reporting of both low and | 12/01/2015, 09/03/2015 & 09/06/2015 | |
| high grades and/or widths should be | ||
| practiced to avoid misleading reporting of | ||
| Exploration Results. | ||
| Other | • Other exploration data, if meaningful and | • No other exploration data that has been collected is |
| substantive | material, should be reported including | considered meaningful and material to this report |
| exploration | (but not limited to): geological | |
| data | observations; geophysical survey results; | |
| geochemical survey results; bulk samples | ||
| – size and method of treatment; | ||
| metallurgical test results; bulk density, | ||
| groundwater, geotechnical and rock | ||
| characteristics; potential deleterious or | ||
| contaminatingsubstances. | ||
| Further work | • The nature and scale of planned further | • Future exploration includes deeper drilling and |
| work (e.g. tests for lateral extensions or | diamond core drilling below the reported | |
| depth extensions or large-scale step-out | intersections at Blackmans to better define the | |
| drilling). | depth extent and confirm the nature of the | |
| • Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of | mineralisation. |
|
| possible extensions, including the main | ||
| geological interpretations and future | ||
| drilling areas, provided this information is | ||
| not commerciallysensitive. |
Section 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Database | • Measures taken to ensure that data has | • Data has been sourced from the RMS drillhole |
| integrity | not been corrupted by, for example, | database using the Datashed system |
| transcription or keying errors, between | • Validation checks were conducted for overlapping | |
| its initial collection and its use for | intervals, duplicate assays, EOH depth and negative | |
| Mineral Resource estimation purposes. | or zero assay values | |
| • Data validation procedures used. | ||
| Site visits | • Comment on any site visits undertaken | • The Competent Person has visited the site and |
| by the Competent Person and the | confirmed observations available in drill cuttings | |
| outcome of those visits. | and surface features. | |
| • If no site visits have been undertaken | ||
| indicate why this is the case. | ||
| Geological | • Confidence in (or conversely, the | • Confidence in the geological interpretation is |
| interpretation | uncertainty of) the geological | reasonable. The geometry and nature of |
| interpretation of the mineral deposit. | mineralisation is similar to neighbouring deposits in | |
| • Nature of the data used and of any | the region | |
| assumptions made. | • Data used include drilling assay and geological | |
| • The effect, if any, of alternative | logging and minor historic surface workings | |
| interpretations on Mineral Resource | • No alternate interpretation envisaged | |
| estimation. | • Core drilling shows mineralised zones associated | |
| • The use of geology in guiding and | with narrow quartz veins and ferruginous fractures |
20
| controlling Mineral Resource estimation. • The factors affecting continuity both of grade and geology. |
(lower saprolite). | |
|---|---|---|
| Dimensions | • The extent and variability of the Mineral Resource expressed as length (along strike or otherwise), plan width, and depth below surface to the upper and lower limits of the Mineral Resource. |
• Blackmans extends over 350m strike. Gold mineralisation occurs as: 1) A flat lying laterite gold zone, generally 2-5m thick, starting 4-6m below surface. Plan dimension is 90m wide by 280m long. 2) A number of (8 major) steep west dipping (- 75°), narrow (generally 2-6m) lodes, with individual strike lengths of 60-300m. Top of lodes are 10-20m below surface, with a maximum current depth of 130m. |
| Estimation and modelling techniques |
• The nature and appropriateness of the estimation technique(s) applied and key assumptions, including treatment of extreme grade values, domaining, interpolation parameters and maximum distance of extrapolation from data points. If a computer assisted estimation method was chosen include a description of computer software and parameters used. • The availability of check estimates, previous estimates and/or mine production records and whether the Mineral Resource estimate takes appropriate account of such data. • The assumptions made regarding recovery of by-products. • Estimation of deleterious elements or other non-grade variables of economic significance (e.g. sulphur for acid mine drainage characterisation). • In the case of block model interpolation, the block size in relation to the average sample spacing and the search employed. • Any assumptions behind modelling of selective mining units. • Any assumptions about correlation between variables. • Description of how the geological interpretation was used to control the resource estimates. • Discussion of basis for using or not using grade cutting or capping. • The process of validation, the checking process used, the comparison of model data to drill hole data, and use of reconciliation data if available. |
• Deposits were estimated using geological software using Inverse Distance methods within hard bounded domains. The estimation method is appropriate for the deposit type. • One earlier broad model was documented by Harmony Gold and has been referenced • Only gold is estimated • No deleterious elements present • Parent cell of 10mN x 5mE x 5mRL with sub-cells to minimum of 2.5mN x 1mE x 1mRL • ratio. Parent cell estimation only. • No selective mining unit assumptions applied. • Domains were statistically analysed and assigned appropriate search directions, top-cuts and estimation parameters • Separate grade interpretation for individual lodes and for flat lying laterite domains • Samples were composited within ore domains to 1m lengths • Top cuts were applied to domains after review of grade population characteristics. Lodes were grouped as one population for statistical analysis • Validation included visual comparison against drillhole grades |
| Moisture | • Whether t he tonnages are estimated on a dry basis or with natural moisture, and the method of determination of the |
• Tonnages are estimated on a dry basis |
21
| moisture content. | ||
|---|---|---|
| Cut-off | • The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) | • A 1.0 g/t grade cut-off has been used for resource |
| parameters | or quality parameters applied. | reporting |
| Mining factors | • Assumptions made regarding possible | • Resources are reported on the assumption of |
| or assumptions | mining methods, minimum mining | mining by conventional open pit grade control and |
| dimensions and internal (or, if applicable, | mining methods. A high dilution level of 10 - 20% is |
|
| external) mining dilution. It is always | recommended for mining analysis. | |
| necessary as part of the process of | ||
| determining reasonable prospects for | ||
| eventual economic extraction to consider | ||
| potential mining methods, but the | ||
| assumptions made regarding mining | ||
| methods and parameters when | ||
| estimating Mineral Resources may not | ||
| always be rigorous. Where this is the | ||
| case, this should be reported with an | ||
| explanation of the basis of the mining | ||
| assumptions made. | ||
| Metallurgical | • The basis for assumptions or predictions | • Metallurgical testing was completed on a series of |
| factors or | regarding metallurgical amenability. It is | RC samples. Results were similar to Mt Magnet ore |
| assumptions | always necessary as part of the process | types and a 92% recovery factor is used. |
| of determining reasonable prospects for | ||
| eventual economic extraction to consider | ||
| potential metallurgical methods, but the | ||
| assumptions regarding metallurgical | ||
| treatment processes and parameters | ||
| made when reporting Mineral Resources | ||
| may not always be rigorous. Where this | ||
| is the case, this should be reported with | ||
| an explanation of the basis of the | ||
| metallurgical assumptions made. | ||
| Environmental | • Assumptions made regarding possible | • Environmental studies and waste characterisation |
| factors or | waste and process residue disposal | testing have been undertaken. |
| assumptions | options. It is always necessary as part of | • The bulk of mine waste would be likely to be |
| the process of determining reasonable | oxidised rock | |
| prospects for eventual economic | • Ore treatment and tailings generation would occur | |
| extraction to consider the potential | at the Mt Magnet Checkers mill site. | |
| environmental impacts of the mining and | ||
| processing operation. While at this stage | ||
| the determination of potential | ||
| environmental impacts, particularly for a | ||
| greenfields project, may not always be | ||
| well advanced, the status of early | ||
| consideration of these potential | ||
| environmental impacts should be | ||
| reported. Where these aspects have not | ||
| been considered this should be reported | ||
| with an explanation of the environmental | ||
| assumptions made. | ||
| Bulk density | • Whether assumed or determined. If | • Density measurements were completed on the |
| assumed, the basis for the assumptions. | geotechnical diamond core holes using the weight | |
| If determined, the method used, whether | in air/weight in water method. |
|
| wet or dry, the frequency of the | • They have been assigned by geological/weathering | |
| measurements, the nature, size and | domains as laterite/caprock 2.1, upper saprolite | |
| representativeness ofthe samples. | 1.7, lower saprolite 2.1 and transitional mafic 2.6 |
22
| • The bulk density for bulk material must | ||
|---|---|---|
| have been measured by methods that | ||
| adequately account for void spaces | ||
| (vugs, porosity, etc), moisture and | ||
| differences between rock and alteration | ||
| zones within the deposit. | ||
| • Discuss assumptions for bulk density | ||
| estimates used in the evaluation process | ||
| of the different materials. | ||
| Classification | • The basis for the classification of the | • The resource has been classified as Indicated or |
| Mineral Resources into varying | Inferred category’s based on geological and grade | |
| confidence categories. | continuity and drill hole spacing. | |
| • Whether appropriate account has been | • The resource classification accounts for all relevant | |
| taken of all relevant factors (ie relative | factors | |
| confidence in tonnage/grade | • The classification reflects the Competent Person’s | |
| estimations, reliability of input data, | view | |
| confidence in continuity of geology and | ||
| metal values, quality, quantity and | ||
| distribution of the data). | ||
| • Whether the result appropriately reflects | ||
| the Competent Person’s view of the | ||
| deposit. | ||
| Audits or | • The results of any audits or reviews of | • The Mineral Resource has been reviewed by an |
| reviews | Mineral Resource estimates. | independent external consultant. No fatal flaws |
| were identified. | ||
| Discussion of | • Where appropriate a statement of the | • Confidence in the relative accuracy of the estimates |
| relative | relative accuracy and confidence level in | is reflected by the classifications assigned |
| accuracy/ | the Mineral Resource estimate using an | • The estimate is a global estimate |
| confidence | approach or procedure deemed | • No production data is available for comparison |
| appropriate by the Competent Person. | ||
| For example, the application of statistical | ||
| or geostatistical procedures to quantify | ||
| the relative accuracy of the resource | ||
| within stated confidence limits, or, if such | ||
| an approach is not deemed appropriate, | ||
| a qualitative discussion of the factors | ||
| that could affect the relative accuracy | ||
| and confidence of the estimate. | ||
| • The statement should specify whether it | ||
| relates to global or local estimates, and, | ||
| if local, state the relevant tonnages, | ||
| which should be relevant to technical and | ||
| economic evaluation. Documentation | ||
| should include assumptions made and | ||
| the procedures used. | ||
| • These statements of relative accuracy | ||
| and confidence of the estimate should be | ||
| compared with production data, where | ||
| available. |
23
Section 4 Estimation and Reporting of Ore Reserves
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral Resource estimate | • Description of the Mineral Resource |
• Mineral Resource models described above |
| for conversion to Ore | estimate used as a basis for the | were regularised to form a diluted Ore |
| Reserves | conversion to an Ore Reserve. | Reserve model using selective mining units |
| • Clear statement as to whether the | for evaluation and reporting | |
| Mineral Resources are reported | • Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of | |
| additional to, or inclusive of, the Ore | Ore Reserves | |
| Reserves. | ||
| Site visits | • Comment on any site visits | • The Competent Person has made one site |
| undertaken by the Competent Person | visit | |
| and the outcome of those visits. • If no site visits have been undertaken |
• Visit verified understanding of deposit and available information |
|
| indicate why this is the case. | ||
| Study Status | • The type and level of study | • A pre-feasibility study has been carried out |
| undertaken to enable Mineral | appropriate to the deposit type, mining | |
| Resources to be converted to Ore | method and scale. The study was carried out | |
| Reserves • The Code requires that a study to at least Pre-Feasibility Study level has |
internally and externally using consultants where appropriate |
|
| been undertaken to convert Mineral | ||
| Resources to Ore Reserves. Such | ||
| studies will have been carried out and | ||
| will have determined a mine plan that | ||
| is technically achievable and | ||
| economically viable, and that | ||
| material Modifying Factors have been | ||
| considered. The effect, if any, of | ||
| alternative interpretations on Mineral | ||
| Resource estimation. | ||
| Cut-off parameters | • The basis of the cut-off grade(s) or | • Cutoff is calculated as part of the mine |
| quality parameters applied. | optimisation evaluation and is 1.0 g/t | |
| Mining factors or | • The method and assumptions used as | • The Mineral Resource model was factored to |
| assumptions | reported in the Pre-Feasibility or | generate diluted Ore Reserves during |
| Feasibility Study to convert the | optimisation and evaluation processes | |
| Mineral Resource to an Ore Reserve | • Mining method is conventional open-pit | |
| (i.e. either by application of | with drill and blast, excavate, load and haul. | |
| appropriate factors by optimisation | • An external geotechnical report was | |
| or by preliminary or detailed design). | commissioned based on geotechnical | |
| • The choice, nature and | logging and information and gives | |
| appropriateness of the selected | recommended pit design details | |
| mining method(s) and other mining | • Additional mining dilution of 20% was | |
| parameters including associated | applied | |
| design issues such as pre-strip, | • Mining recovery of 95% was applied | |
| access, etc. | • Minimum width reflected by lode | |
| • The assumptions made regarding | interpretation 2-3m plus dilution | |
| geotechnical parameters (e.g. pit | • Inferred Resources were not used or | |
| slopes, stope sizes, etc), grade control | included in optimisation or final designs | |
| and pre-production drilling. | • Infrastructure required is small and of a | |
| • The major assumptions made and | temporary nature, i.e. workshop, offices, | |
| Mineral Resource model used for pit | fuel tank, generator, magazine and water | |
| and stope optimisation (if | transfer dam | |
| appropriate). |
24
| • The mining dilution factors used. | ||
|---|---|---|
| • The mining recovery factors used. | ||
| • Any minimum mining widths used. | ||
| • The manner in which Inferred Mineral | ||
| Resources are utilised in mining | ||
| studies and the sensitivity of the | ||
| outcome to their inclusion. | ||
| • The infrastructure requirements of | ||
| the selected mining methods. | ||
| Metallurgical factors or | • The metallurgical process proposed | • Processing by conventional CIL/CIP gold |
| assumptions | and the appropriateness of that | milling at Mt Magnet Checkers Mill |
| process to the style of mineralisation | • Well-tested existing technology | |
| • Whether the metallurgical process is | • Two metallurgy testwork programs have | |
| well-tested technology or novel in | been completed showing the ore has a | |
| nature. | recovery of 90-92%. 92% applied | |
| • The nature, amount and | • Metallurgy testwork programs have included | |
| representativeness of metallurgical | gravity concentration, cyanide leach and | |
| test work undertaken, the nature of | grind establishment | |
| the metallurgical domaining applied | • No deleterious elements are present -gold | |
| and the corresponding metallurgical | only, oxide ore. | |
| recovery factors applied. | • No bulk sample testwork has been carried | |
| • Any assumptions or allowances made | out |
|
| for deleterious elements. | ||
| • The existence of any bulk sample or | ||
| pilot scale test work and the degree | ||
| to which such samples are considered | ||
| representative of the orebody as a | ||
| whole. | ||
| • For minerals that are defined by a | ||
| specification, has the ore reserve | ||
| estimation been based on the | ||
| appropriate mineralogy to meet the | ||
| specifications? | ||
| Environmental | • The status of studies of potential | • Environmental studies are well advanced |
| environmental impacts of the mining | and include submission of a Mining Proposal | |
| and processing operation. Details of waste rock characterisation and the |
and Closure plan to the DMP | |
| consideration of potential sites, | ||
| status of design options considered | ||
| and, where applicable, the status of | ||
| approvals for process residue storage | ||
| and waste dumps should be reported. | ||
| Infrastructure | • The existence of appropriate | • Infrastructure at site is minimal and consists |
| infrastructure: availability of land for | of access roads and tracks. A dewatering | |
| plant development, power, water, | bore has been established. | |
| transportation (particularly for bulk | • Accommodation and flights will use | |
| commodities), labour, | established facilities Mt Magnet | |
| accommodation; or the ease with which the infrastructure can be |
• The project has low infrastructure requirements of a temporary nature |
|
| provided, or accessed. | ||
| Costs | • The derivation of, or assumptions | • Capital costs based on recent capital costs at |
| made, regarding projected capital | Kathleen Valley and Vivien projects | |
| costs in the study. • The methodology used to estimate operating costs. • Allowances madefor the content of |
• Operating costs based on current Mt Magnet milling costs, estimated ore haulage rates and recent mining and administration |
25
| deleterious elements. | costs | |
|---|---|---|
| • The derivation of assumptions made | • No deleterious elements present | |
| of metal or commodity price(s), for the principal minerals and co- products. |
• Using 2015 average gold price • Cost models use Australian dollars |
|
| • The source of exchange rates used in | • Ore haulage rates based on quoted | |
| the study. | contractor rates | |
| • Derivation of transportation charges. | • Treatment costs based on known current | |
| • The basis for forecasting or source of | milling costs. No penalties or specifications | |
| treatment and refining charges, | • State royalty of 2.5% used | |
| penalties for failure to meet specification, etc. |
• Third party royalty of $2/t ore milled applied | |
| • The allowances made for royalties | ||
| payable, both Government and | ||
| private. | ||
| Revenue Factors | • The derivation of, or assumptions | • Gold price of $1500/oz used |
| made regarding revenue factors | ||
| including head grade, metal or | ||
| commodity price(s) exchange rates, | ||
| transportation and treatment | ||
| charges, penalties, net smelter | ||
| returns, etc. | ||
| • The derivation of assumptions made | ||
| of metal or commodity price(s), for | ||
| the principal metals, minerals and co- | ||
| products. | ||
| Market Assessment | • The demand, supply and stock | • Doré is sold direct to the Perth Mint at spot |
| situation for the particular | price | |
| commodity, consumption trends and factors likely to affect supply and demand into the future. |
• Market window unlikely to change • Price is likely to go up, down or remain same |
|
| • A customer and competitor analysis | • Not industrial mineral | |
| along with the identification of likely | ||
| market windows for the product. | ||
| • Price and volume forecasts and the | ||
| basis for these forecasts. | ||
| • For industrial minerals the customer | ||
| specification, testing and acceptance | ||
| requirements prior to a supply | ||
| contract. | ||
| Economic | • The inputs to the economic analysis | • No NPV applied |
| to produce the net present value | • Project is relatively short life at ≈1 year | |
| (NPV) in the study, the source and | ||
| confidence of these economic inputs | ||
| including estimated inflation, | ||
| discount rate, etc. | ||
| • NPV ranges and sensitivity to | ||
| variations in the significant | ||
| assumptions and inputs. | ||
| Social | • The status of agreements with key | • Stakeholders have been consulted |
| stakeholders and matters leading to | • A Heritage Survey was completed with the | |
| social licence to operate. | Aboriginal Claimant Group | |
| Other | • To the extent relevant, the impact of | • No material risks are identified |
| the following on the project and/or | ||
| on the estimation and classification |
26
| of the Ore Reserves: | ||
|---|---|---|
| • Any identified material naturally | ||
| occurring risks. | ||
| • The status of material legal | ||
| agreements and marketing | ||
| arrangements. | ||
| • The status of governmental | ||
| agreements and approvals critical to | ||
| the viability of the project, such as | ||
| mineral tenement status, and | ||
| government and statutory approvals. | ||
| There must be reasonable grounds to | ||
| expect that all necessary Government | ||
| approvals will be received within the | ||
| timeframes anticipated in the Pre- | ||
| Feasibility or Feasibility study. | ||
| Highlight and discuss the materiality | ||
| of any unresolved matter that is | ||
| dependent on a third party on which | ||
| extraction of the reserve is | ||
| contingent. | ||
| Classification | • The basis for the classification of the | • Reserves are classified according to |
| Ore Reserves into varying confidence | Resource classification | |
| categories. | • They reflect the Competent Person’s view | |
| • Whether the result appropriately | • No Measured Resource exists. All Reserve is | |
| reflects the Competent Person’s view | Probable category and based on Indicated | |
| of the deposit. | Resource | |
| • The proportion of Probable Ore | ||
| Reserves that have been derived from | ||
| Measured Mineral Resources (if any) | ||
| Audits or reviews | • The results of any audits or reviews of | • No audits carried out |
| Ore Reserve estimates. | ||
| Discussion of relative | • Where appropriate a statement of | • Confidence is in line with gold industry |
| accuracy/confidence | the relative accuracy and confidence | standards and the companies aim to provide |
| level in the Ore Reserve estimate | effective prediction for current and future | |
| using an approach or procedure | mining projects. No statistical quantification | |
| deemed appropriate by the | of confidence limits has been applied | |
| Competent Person. For example, the | • Estimates are global | |
| application of statistical or | • The Reserve is most sensitive to; a) resource | |
| geostatistical procedures to quantify | grade accuracy, b) gold price c) pit wall | |
| the relative accuracy of the reserve | stability | |
| within stated confidence limits, or, if | • Reserve confidence is reflected by the | |
| such an approach is not deemed | Probable category applied, which in turn | |
| appropriate, a qualitative discussion | reflects the confidence of the Mineral | |
| of the factors which could affect the | Resource | |
| relative accuracy and confidence of | • No modern production data is available for | |
| the estimate. | comparison | |
| • The statement should specify whether | ||
| it relates to global or local estimates, | ||
| and, if local, state the relevant | ||
| tonnages, which should be relevant | ||
| to technical and economic evaluation. | ||
| Documentation should include | ||
| assumptions made and the | ||
| procedures used. | ||
| • Accuracyand confidence discussions |
27
should extend to specific discussions of any applied Modifying Factors that may have a material impact on Ore Reserve viability, or for which there are remaining areas of uncertainty at the current study stage. • It is recognised that this may not be possible or appropriate in all circumstances. These statements of relative accuracy and confidence of the estimate should be compared with production data, where available.
Appendix C – JORC Table 1 Report Kathleen Valley Gold Deposit Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Sampling | • Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut | • The Kathleen Valley deposits consisting of |
| techniques | channels, random chips, or specific | Mossbecker, Yellow Aster and Nils Desperandum |
| specialised industry standard | were drilled by Newmont in the mid 1980’s, Sir | |
| measurement tools appropriate to the | Samuel Mines in the late 1980’s, Jubilee Mines mid- | |
| minerals under investigation, such as | 1990’s and by Xstrata (XNAO) in 2012. Ramelius | |
| down hole gamma sondes, or handheld | undertook further RC drilling in Nov 2014 to improve | |
| XRF instruments, etc). These examples | the confidence in the continuity of the high grade | |
| should not be taken as limiting the broad | gold mineralisation. Additional drilling has been | |
| meaning of sampling. | undertaken in 2015 in the Yellow Aster & Nil | |
| • Include reference to measures taken to | Desperandum areas. | |
| ensure sample representivity and the | • Predominately as RC drill samples collected as 1m | |
| appropriate calibration of any | samples, with 2 & 4m composites also used and sub- | |
| measurement tools or systems used. | sampled using a riffle or cone splitter to produce | |
| • Aspects of the determination of | ≈3kg sub-samples. Diamond core was halved with a | |
| mineralisation that are Material to the | diamond saw to produce representative sub-samples | |
| Public Report. | on 1m or geologically selected intervals | |
| • In cases where ‘industry standard’ work | • Drillhole locations were designed to cover the spatial | |
| has been done this would be relatively | extents of the interpreted mineralisation. | |
| simple (eg ‘reverse circulation drilling was | • A large proportion of the drilling occurred between |
|
| used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 | 1992-1994. | |
| kg was pulverised to produce a 30 g | • Drill samples were pulverized and assayed by 25g | |
| charge for fire assay’). In other cases | Aqua Regia, 1.5kg BLARG or 50g Fire Assay, with an | |
| more explanation may be required, such | AAS finish. A proportion of coarse, ‘nuggety’ gold | |
| as where there is coarse gold that has | exists. | |
| inherent sampling problems. Unusual | ||
| commodities or mineralisation types (e.g. | ||
| submarine nodules) may warrant | ||
| disclosure ofdetailed information. | ||
| Drilling | • Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, | • RC drilling was completed using standard +5” drill |
| techniques | open-hole hammer, rotary air blast, | hammers. 2015 drilling was completed using light RC |
| auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg | with a 4” hammer. Diamond drillholes include HQ | |
| core diameter, triple or standard tube, | and NQ core sizes. Core was not orientated. | |
| depth of diamond tails, face-sampling bit | • For Mossbecker 89% of the drilling is by RC (295 | |
| or other type,whether core is oriented | holes)and 11% is byDiamond(31 holes). For Yellow |
28
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| and if so, by what method, etc). | Aster & Nils Desperandum 96% of the drilling is by | |
| RC(559 holes)and 4% was byDiamond(21 holes) | ||
| Drill sample | • Method of recording and assessing core | • Core recovery recorded for 16 diamond drillholes is |
| recovery | and chip sample recoveries and results | almost uniformly 100% and inspection of 2012 drill |
| assessed. | core shows the deposit is hosted by competent units | |
| • Measures taken to maximise sample | which are amenable to effective RC drilling | |
| recovery and ensure representative | • 2014 & 2015 Ramelius RC drilling had no issues with | |
| nature of the samples. | chip sample recovery or wet samples. A small | |
| • Whether a relationship exists between | number of low recovery samples occurred at know | |
| sample recovery and grade and whether | void positions at Yellow Aster. | |
| sample bias may have occurred due to | • No indication of sample bias is evident or has been | |
| preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse | established | |
| material. | ||
| Logging | • Whether core and chip samples have | • RC and diamond drill samples were geologically |
| been geologically and geotechnically | logged for lithology. All recent drilling and some | |
| logged to a level of detail to support | historic logging has more detail with logging of | |
| appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, | oxidation, sulphides, quartz veining, alteration, etc. |
|
| mining studies and metallurgical studies. | Some holes are geotechnically logged and have had | |
| • Whether logging is qualitative or | metallurgical testwork. | |
| quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, | • Drillhole logging of RC chips is qualitative on visual | |
| channel, etc) photography. | recordings of rock forming minerals and estimates of | |
| • The total length and percentage of the | mineral abundance. | |
| relevant intersections logged. | • The entire length of drillholes aregeologicallylogged | |
| Sub-sampling | • If core, whether cut or sawn and whether | • For older historic drilling samples were collected in |
| techniques | quarter, half or all core taken. | plastic bags at the mouth of the cyclone. They were |
| and sample | • If non-core, whether riffled, tube | then riffle split to generate a 2kg sub-sample. |
| preparation | sampled, rotary split, etc and whether | Occasional wet samples were sampled using a half |
| sampled wet or dry. | tube spear method. | |
| • For all sample types, the nature, quality | • For Xstrata drilling, sawn half diamond core samples | |
| and appropriateness of the sample | collected or dry RC samples were riffle split on rig to | |
| preparation technique. | 3kg sub-samples. | |
| • Quality control procedures adopted for all | • For Ramelius drilling RC samples were collected via a |
|
| sub-sampling stages to maximise | rig mounted cyclone and integrated cone splitter or | |
| representivity of samples. | riffle splitter as 3kg sub-samples. | |
| • Measures taken to ensure that the | • Samples were entirely pulverized prior to sub- | |
| sampling is representative of the in situ | sampling in the laboratory to ensure homogenous | |
| material collected, including for instance | samples with 85% passing 75um. 200gm is extracted | |
| results for field duplicate/second-half | for the 50gm charge on standard fire assays. | |
| sampling. | • For the 2012 Xstrata and 2014/15 Ramelius drilling | |
| • Whether sample sizes are appropriate to | programs a programme of quality control reference | |
| the grain size of the material being | standards, field duplicates, blank samples was | |
| sampled. | implemented to monitor the accuracy and precision | |
| of laboratory data. | ||
| • The sample size is considered appropriate for the | ||
| type, style, thickness and consistency of | ||
| mineralization. | ||
| Quality of | • The nature, quality and appropriateness | • The use of Aqua Regia (AR) method for many |
| assay data and | of the assaying and laboratory |
historical assays, may not fully evaluate total gold in |
| laboratory | procedures used and whether the | samples but would still be indicative of the majority |
| tests | technique is considered partial or total. | of gold present. Many historic anomalous AR assays |
| • For geophysical tools, spectrometers, | where re-assayed by 1.5kg Bulk Leachable Aqua | |
| handheld XRF instruments, etc, the | Regia Gold (BLARG) method. Recent assay has used | |
| parameters used in determining the | 40 or 50g Fire Assay techniques. | |
| analysis including instrument make and | • No field analyses of gold grades. Quantitative | |
| model, reading times, calibrations factors | analysis of the gold content is undertaken in a | |
| applied and their derivation,etc. | controlled laboratoryenvironment. |
29
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| • Nature of quality control procedures | • QAQC measures were carried out by Xstrata and | |
| adopted (e.g. standards, blanks, | Ramelius including certified reference standards, | |
| duplicates, external laboratory checks) | field duplicates, blank samples and umpire | |
| and whether acceptable levels of | laboratory check samples | |
| accuracy (ie lack of bias) and precision | • QAQC for historic drilling mainly exists as | |
| have been established. | comparison assays using varied methods and | |
| interlab checks. These show no significant bias. | ||
| Verification of | • The verification of significant | • Ramelius personnel have inspected the RC drill sites |
| sampling and | intersections by either independent or | in the field and available core holes to verify the |
| assaying | alternative company personnel. | correlation of mineralized zones between assay |
| • The use of twinned holes. | results and lithology, alteration and mineralization. | |
| • Documentation of primary data, data | • Drillholes are frequently overlapping or confirmed by | |
| entry procedures, data verification, data | later close spaced drilling. 2012 and 2014/15 | |
| storage (physical and electronic) | drillholes re-test numerous earlier holes, compare | |
| protocols. | well and verify previous sampling and assay results. | |
| • Discuss any adjustment to assay data. | • Significant hardcopy documentation of historic | |
| drilling, including logs and assays data entry is | ||
| available and checks verify the dataset. | ||
| • No adjustments or calibrations are made to any of | ||
| the assaydata recorded in the database. | ||
| Location of | • Accuracy and quality of surveys used to | • Recent drillhole collars were picked up using DGPS |
| data points | locate drill holes (collar and down-hole | survey control. Historic drilling was set out and |
| surveys), trenches, mine workings and | measured to a pegged grid to ≈1m accuracy. Only | |
| other locations used in Mineral Resource | limited downhole survey is available. Many holes are | |
| estimation. | short and/or vertical and unsurveyed. | |
| • Specification of the grid system used. | • Holes were transcribed to MGA94 – Zone 51 grid | |
| • Quality and adequacy of topographic | coordinates. | |
| control. | • Topographic control is established from DTMs | |
| generated from mine surveyors’ total station final | ||
| pickups of the surroundinglandforms. | ||
| Data spacing | • Data spacing for reporting of Exploration | • Drillhole spacing ranges is typically 25m section lines |
| and | Results. | with 5 – 12m on section spacing. Recent 2015 drilling |
| distribution | • Whether the data spacing and | has infilled areas further at 10m by 8m spacings |
| distribution is sufficient to establish the | • Drill spacing is sufficient to establish Mineral | |
| degree of geological and grade continuity | Resources and classifications applied. |
|
| appropriate for the Mineral Resource and | • Sample compositing occurs in a proportion of | |
| Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and | historic drilling, including mineralised zones. Ore | |
| classifications applied. | width interpretation is biased to later drilling using | |
| • Whether sample compositing has been | 1m sample intervals or diamond core geologically | |
| applied. | selected intervals in preference to 2 or 4m | |
| composite samples. | ||
| Orientation of | • Whether the orientation of sampling | • The drilling is orthogonal to the interpreted strike of |
| data in | achieves unbiased sampling of possible | the target horizon. Holes are frequently vertical or |
| relation to | structures and the extent to which this is | 60-70° dipping, intersecting horizontal to shallow |
| geological | known, considering the deposit type. | dipping mineralisation |
| structure | • If the relationship between the drilling | • Structural logging of available diamond core |
| orientation and the orientation of key | supports the drilling direction | |
| mineralised structures is considered to | • No drilling orientation and/or sampling bias has | |
| have introduced a sampling bias, this | been recognized in the data | |
| should be assessed and reported if | ||
| material. | ||
| Sample | • The measures taken to ensure sample | • Historical drilling, measures unknown. New drilling |
| security | security. | samples dispatched by dedicated courier and sample |
| receipt checks completed |
30
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Audits or | • The results of any audits or reviews of | • Ramelius and others have reviewed sampling |
| reviews | sampling techniques and data. | techniques and data. While detailed information on |
| historic drilling methods and QAQC is weaker than | ||
| current standards, earlier reports show sampling | ||
| methods and data compilation was at best practice | ||
| levels for theperiod. |
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral | • Type, reference name/number, location | • The results reported in this report are on granted |
| tenement and | and ownership including agreements or | Mining Lease ML36/375 wholly owned Ramelius |
| land tenure | material issues with third parties such as | Resources Limited. The mining lease is located on a |
| status | joint ventures, partnerships, overriding | pastoral lease. |
| royalties, native title interests, historical | • At this time all the tenements are in good standing. | |
| sites, wilderness or national park and | There are no known impediments to obtaining | |
| environmental settings. | licences to operate in the area. | |
| • The security of the tenure held at the time | ||
| of reporting along with any known | ||
| impediments to obtaining a licence to | ||
| operate in the area. | ||
| Exploration | • Acknowledgment and appraisal of | • The Yellow Aster & Nil Desperandum deposits had |
| done by other | exploration by other parties. | historic underground mining in the early 1900’s to |
| parties | depths of around 40m. Total production is recorded | |
| as 63,500t at 18.6g/t. | ||
| • Exploration by other parties has been reviewed and | ||
| is used as a guide to Ramelius’ exploration activities. | ||
| Previous parties have completed shallow RAB, | ||
| Aircore, RC and Diamond drilling, geophysical data | ||
| collection and interpretation. | ||
| Geology | • Deposit type, geological setting and style | • The mineralisation at the Kathleen Valley deposits is |
| of mineralisation. | typical of orogenic structurally controlled Archaean | |
| gold lode systems. The mineralisation is controlled | ||
| by a flat lying N/S trending fault at the base of the | ||
| Jones Creek Conglomerate and overlying ultramafic | ||
| rocks. The Mossbecker deposit, for example, | ||
| extends over 350m strike. Gold mineralisation | ||
| occurs in 1 or 2 main sub-horizontal lodes 2-10m | ||
| thick and 30-50m wide and plunging around 15°to | ||
| the southwest. Mineralisation is associated with | ||
| silica-biotite alteration and disseminated | ||
| arsenopyrite andpyrite. | ||
| Drill hole | • A summary of all information material to | • Exploration results not reported at this time. Refer |
| Information | the understanding of the exploration | to previous releases on drilling results. |
| results including a tabulation of the | ||
| following information for all Material drill | ||
| holes: | ||
o easting and northing of the drill hole |
||
| collar | ||
o elevation or RL (Reduced Level – |
||
| elevation above sea level in metres) of | ||
| the drill hole collar |
31
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
o dip and azimuth of the hole |
|||
o down hole length and interception |
|||
| depth | |||
o hole length. |
|||
| • If the exclusion of this information is | |||
| justified on the basis that the information | |||
| is not Material and this exclusion does not | |||
| detract from the understanding of the | |||
| report, the Competent Person should | |||
| clearlyexplain whythis is the case. | |||
| Data | • In reporting Exploration Results, | • | New drill results are reported above a 0.5 ppm lower |
| aggregation | weighting averaging techniques, | cutoff. No topcut is applied. Samples are all 1m so no | |
| methods | maximum and/or minimum grade | weighting is applied. | |
| truncations (eg cutting of high grades) | • | Intercepts may include sub-0.5 ppm grades for | |
| and cut-off grades are usually Material | continuity and reflect resource interpretation ore | ||
| and should be stated. | shapes | ||
| • Where aggregate intercepts incorporate | • | All values are Au (ppm) | |
| short lengths of high grade results and | |||
| longer lengths of low grade results, the | |||
| procedure used for such aggregation | |||
| should be stated and some typical | |||
| examples of such aggregations should be | |||
| shown in detail. | |||
| • The assumptions used for any reporting of | |||
| metal equivalent values should be clearly | |||
| stated. | |||
| Relationship | • These relationships are particularly | • | Intercepts are generally close to true width (90- |
| between | important in the reporting of Exploration | 100%) given the sub-horizontal geometry of the ore | |
| mineralisation | Results. | zones. | |
| widths and | • If the geometry of the mineralisation with | ||
| intercept | respect to the drill hole angle is known, its | ||
| lengths | nature should be reported. | ||
| • If it is not known and only the down hole | |||
| lengths are reported, there should be a | |||
| clear statement to this effect (eg ‘down | |||
| hole length,true width not known’). | |||
| Diagrams | • Appropriate maps and sections (with | • | Representative maps and sections are shown in |
| scales) and tabulations of intercepts | previous noted releases | ||
| should be included for any significant | |||
| discovery being reported These should | |||
| include, but not be limited to a plan view | |||
| of drill hole collar locations and | |||
| appropriate sectional views. | |||
| Balanced | • Where comprehensive reporting of all | • | Results reported reflect infill drilling of core areas of |
| reporting | Exploration Results is not practicable, | the Kathleen Valley deposits and expected economic | |
| representative reporting of both low and | intervals interpreted in the Mineral Resource | ||
| high grades and/or widths should be | interpretation | ||
| practiced to avoid misleading reporting of | |||
| Exploration Results. | |||
| Other | • Other exploration data, if meaningful and | • | Drilling data is accompanied by a number of |
| substantive | material, should be reported including | investigations on groundwater, metallurgy, waste | |
| exploration | (but not limited to): geological | rock geochemistry, etc. | |
| data | observations; geophysical survey results; | • | |
| geochemical survey results; bulk samples | |||
| – size and method of treatment; | |||
| metallurgical test results;bulk density, |
32
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| groundwater, geotechnical and rock | ||
| characteristics; potential deleterious or | ||
| contaminatingsubstances. | ||
| Further work | • The nature and scale of planned further | • Further work is likely to comprise of exploration |
| work (eg tests for lateral extensions or | drilling to test depth extensions or along strike | |
| depth extensions or large-scale step-out | positions. | |
| drilling). | ||
| • Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of | ||
| possible extensions, including the main | ||
| geological interpretations and future | ||
| drilling areas, provided this information is | ||
| not commerciallysensitive. |
Section 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Database | • Measures taken to ensure that data has | • Data has been sourced from an Access Drillhole |
| integrity | not been corrupted by, for example, | Database provided by XNAO |
| transcription or keying errors, between | • Previous reports detail validation checks for missing | |
| its initial collection and its use for | assays and geology intervals, overlapping intervals, | |
| Mineral Resource estimation purposes. | duplicate assays, EOH depth, hole collar elevations | |
| • Data validation procedures used. | and assay value detection limits, negative and zero | |
| values | ||
| Site visits | • Comment on any site visits undertaken | • The Competent Person has made multiple site visits |
| by the Competent Person and the | • Visits have verified understanding of deposit | |
| outcome of those visits. | ||
| • If no site visits have been undertaken | ||
| indicate why this is the case. | ||
| Geological | • Confidence in (or conversely, the | • Confidence in the geological interpretation is high |
| interpretation | uncertainty of) the geological | • Data used include drilling assay and geological |
| interpretation of the mineral deposit. | logging, surface outcrop and minor historic surface | |
| • Nature of the data used and of any | and underground workings, diamond core logging | |
| assumptions made. | and structure | |
| • The effect, if any, of alternative | • No alternate interpretation envisaged. | |
| interpretations on Mineral Resource | • Geology confirms primary grade interpretation | |
| estimation. | • Grade continuity affected by relatively nuggety gold | |
| • The use of geology in guiding and | mineralisation | |
| controlling Mineral Resource estimation. | ||
| • The factors affecting continuity both of | ||
| grade and geology. | ||
| Dimensions | • The extent and variability of the Mineral | • Nil Desperandum deposit is typically 2-6m thick, 40- |
| Resource expressed as length (along | 60m wide and plunges at 30° to the northwest. | |
| strike or otherwise), plan width, and | • Yellow Aster North deposit is typically 5-8m thick, | |
| depth below surface to the upper and | 30m wide and plunges at 35° to the south west | |
| lower limits of the Mineral Resource. | ||
| Estimation and | • The nature and appropriateness of the | • Deposits were estimated using geological software |
| modelling | estimation technique(s) applied and key | using Inverse Distance and Ordinary Kriging |
| techniques | assumptions, including treatment of | methods within hard bounded mineralised |
| extreme grade values, domaining, | domains. The estimation method is appropriate for | |
| interpolation parameters and maximum | the deposit type. | |
| distance ofextrapolationfrom data | • The deposits have been previously modelled and |
33
| points. If a computer assisted estimation | estimated and comparisons with several earlier | |
|---|---|---|
| method was chosen include a description | models have been made. Only gold is estimated |
|
| of computer software and parameters | • No deleterious elements present | |
| used. | • Block size was determined by kriging efficiency test. | |
| • The availability of check estimates, | Parent cell of 5mN x 5mE x 5mRL with sub-cells of | |
| previous estimates and/or mine | 2.5mN x 2.5mE x 1.25mRL. Parent cell estimation | |
| production records and whether the | only. | |
| Mineral Resource estimate takes | • Each domain was assigned appropriate search | |
| appropriate account of such data. | directions, top-cuts and kriging parameters | |
| • The assumptions made regarding | • Geological interpretation matches grade domain | |
| recovery of by-products. | interpretation with sub-horizontal lodes used to | |
| • Estimation of deleterious elements or | model deposit | |
| other non-grade variables of economic | • Samples were composited within ore domains to | |
| significance (eg sulphur for acid mine | 1m lengths | |
| drainage characterisation). | • Top cuts were applied to domains after review of | |
| • In the case of block model interpolation, | grade population characteristics a ≈99% topcut of | |
| the block size in relation to the average | 50g/t was applied to Nil Desperandum and 30g/t to | |
| sample spacing and the search | Yellow Aster North | |
| employed. | • Validation included visual comparison against | |
| • Any assumptions behind modelling of | drillhole grades and swath grade plots | |
| selective mining units. | ||
| • Any assumptions about correlation | ||
| between variables. | ||
| • Description of how the geological | ||
| interpretation was used to control the | ||
| resource estimates. | ||
| • Discussion of basis for using or not using | ||
| grade cutting or capping. | ||
| • The process of validation, the checking | ||
| process used, the comparison of model | ||
| data to drill hole data, and use of | ||
| reconciliation data if available. | ||
| Moisture | • Whether t he tonnages are est imated on | • Tonnages are estimated on a dry basis |
| a dry basis or with natural moisture, and | ||
| the method of determination of the | ||
| moisture content. | ||
| Cut-off | • The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) | • A 0.5 g/t grade cut-off has been used for ore |
| parameters | or quality parameters applied. | interpretation and resource reporting |
| • This cutoff encapsulates the mineralisation | ||
| effectively and typically discriminates economic | ||
| material from waste | ||
| Mining factors | • Assumptions made regarding possible | • Resources are reported on the assumption of |
| or assumptions | mining methods, minimum mining | mining by conventional open pit grade control and |
| dimensions and internal (or, if applicable, | mining methods. 95% of the resource is less than |
|
| external) mining dilution. It is always | 100m deep. Previous scoping studies show a | |
| necessary as part of the process of | significant proportion of resources can be economic | |
| determining reasonable prospects for | in an open pit scenario. Studies have included block | |
| eventual economic extraction to consider | regularisation to simulate significant mining dilution |
|
| potential mining methods, but the | that would be incurred mining sub-horizontal lodes | |
| assumptions made regarding mining | ||
| methods and parameters when | ||
| estimating Mineral Resources may not | ||
| always be rigorous. Where this is the | ||
| case, this should be reported with an | ||
| explanation of the basis of the mining | ||
| assumptions made. |
34
| Metallurgical factors or assumptions |
• The basis for assumptions or predictions regarding metallurgical amenability. It is always necessary as part of the process of determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider potential metallurgical methods, but the assumptions regarding metallurgical treatment processes and parameters made when reporting Mineral Resources may not always be rigorous. Where this is the case, this should be reported with an explanation of the basis of the metallurgical assumptions made. |
• Metallurgical testwork shows Mossbecker ore to be free milling with a high gravity gold recovery and total recovery of 95% • Current KV ore milling is achieving 97% recovery |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental factors or assumptions |
• Assumptions made regarding possible waste and process residue disposal options. It is always necessary as part of the process of determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction to consider the potential environmental impacts of the mining and processing operation. While at this stage the determination of potential environmental impacts, particularly for a greenfields project, may not always be well advanced, the status of early consideration of these potential environmental impacts should be reported. Where these aspects have not been considered this should be reported with an explanation of the environmental assumptions made. |
• Previous studies were completed by XNAO covering soil and wasterock characteristics, flora and fauna, surface and groundwater hydrology • No specific issues beyond normal open pit mine licensing are envisaged • Areas within the mining lease are available for placement of a Waste Land Form. Previous testwork has been completed showing the bulk of waste rocks lack sulphides and are Non Acid Forming. Ore processing will take place at existing mill facilities offsite • Water inflows can be pumped to an existing open pit |
| Bulk density | • Whether assumed or determined. If assumed, the basis for the assumptions. If determined, the method used, whether wet or dry, the frequency of the measurements, the nature, size and representativeness of the samples. • The bulk density for bulk material must have been measured by methods that adequately account for void spaces (vugs, porosity, etc), moisture and differences between rock and alteration zones within the deposit. • Discuss assumptions for bulk density estimates used in the evaluation process of the different materials. |
• Density measurements were carried out by Jubilee on HQ diamond core using the water immersion method • Densities of 2.3 for oxide, 2.6 for transitional and 2.7 for fresh were applied |
| Classification | • The basis for the classification of the Mineral Resources into varying confidence categories. • Whether appropriate account has been taken of all relevant factors (ie relative confidence in tonnage/grade estimations, reliability of input data, confidence in continuity of geology and metal values, quality, quantity and distribution of the data). • Whether the result appropriately reflects |
• While a significant proportion of the drilling is historic the deposits are relatively well drilled, confidence in geological interpretation and grade is good, new drilling confirms earlier results and review of older reports shows drilling met or exceeded industry standards for the period. At Yellow Aster North and Nil Desperandum recent drilling has upgraded shallower resources to Indicated • The resource classification accounts for all relevant factors |
35
| the Competent Person’s view of the | • The classification reflects the Competent Person’s | |
|---|---|---|
| deposit. | view | |
| Audits or | • The results of any audits or reviews of | • The resource was audited by an External |
| reviews | Mineral Resource estimates. | Consultant. No fatal flaws were identified |
| Discussion of | • Where appropriate a statement of the | • Confidence in the relative accuracy of the estimates |
| relative | relative accuracy and confidence level in | is reflected by the classifications assigned |
| accuracy/ | the Mineral Resource estimate using an | • The estimates are global estimates |
| confidence | approach or procedure deemed | • Recent ore production from Mossbecker is |
| appropriate by the Competent Person. | performing well against resource/reserve estimates | |
| For example, the application of statistical | ||
| or geostatistical procedures to quantify | ||
| the relative accuracy of the resource | ||
| within stated confidence limits, or, if such | ||
| an approach is not deemed appropriate, | ||
| a qualitative discussion of the factors | ||
| that could affect the relative accuracy | ||
| and confidence of the estimate. | ||
| • The statement should specify whether it | ||
| relates to global or local estimates, and, | ||
| if local, state the relevant tonnages, | ||
| which should be relevant to technical and | ||
| economic evaluation. Documentation | ||
| should include assumptions made and | ||
| the procedures used. | ||
| • These statements of relative accuracy | ||
| and confidence of the estimate should be | ||
| compared with production data, where | ||
| available. |
Section 4 Estimation and Reporting of Ore Reserves
| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Mineral Resource estimate | • Description of the Mineral Resource |
• Mineral Resource models described above |
| for conversion to Ore | estimate used as a basis for the | were regularised to form a diluted Ore |
| Reserves | conversion to an Ore Reserve. | Reserve model using selective mining units |
| • Clear statement as to whether the | for evaluation and reporting | |
| Mineral Resources are reported | • Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of | |
| additional to, or inclusive of, the Ore | Ore Reserves | |
| Reserves. | ||
| Site visits | • Comment on any site visits | • The Competent Person has made multiple |
| undertaken by the Competent Person | site visits | |
| and the outcome of those visits. • If no site visits have been undertaken |
• Visit verified understanding of deposit and available information |
|
| indicate why this is the case. | ||
| Study Status | • The type and level of study | • A pre-feasibility study has been carried out |
| undertaken to enable Mineral | appropriate to the deposit type, mining | |
| Resources to be converted to Ore | method and scale. The study was carried out | |
| Reserves • The Code requires that a study to at least Pre-FeasibilityStudylevel has |
internally and externally using consultants where appropriate |
36
| been undertaken to convert Mineral | ||
|---|---|---|
| Resources to Ore Reserves. Such | ||
| studies will have been carried out and | ||
| will have determined a mine plan that | ||
| is technically achievable and | ||
| economically viable, and that | ||
| material Modifying Factors have been | ||
| considered. The effect, if any, of | ||
| alternative interpretations on Mineral | ||
| Resource estimation. | ||
| Cut-off parameters | • The basis of the cut-off grade(s) or | • Cutoff is calculated as part of current mine |
| quality parameters applied. | operations and is 1.5 g/t | |
| Mining factors or | • The method and assumptions used as | • The Mineral Resource model was regularised |
| assumptions | reported in the Pre-Feasibility or | to SMU blocks of 5m E x 5m N x 2.5m RL to |
| Feasibility Study to convert the | generate a diluted Mineral Reserve model | |
| Mineral Resource to an Ore Reserve | for optimisation and evaluation | |
| (i.e. either by application of | • Mining method is conventional open-pit | |
| appropriate factors by optimisation | with drill and blast, excavate, load and haul. | |
| or by preliminary or detailed design). | SMU block reflects expected grade control | |
| • The choice, nature and | density and mining equipment size | |
| appropriateness of the selected | • A external geotechnical report was | |
| mining method(s) and other mining | commissioned based on previous | |
| parameters including associated | geotechnical logging and information and | |
| design issues such as pre-strip, | gives recommended pit design details | |
| access, etc. | • Additional mining dilution of 2% was applied | |
| • The assumptions made regarding | • Mining recovery of 98% was applied | |
| geotechnical parameters (eg pit | • Minimum width reflected by SMU block | |
| slopes, stope sizes, etc), grade control | (5m) | |
| and pre-production drilling. | • Inferred Resources were tested, but are not | |
| • The major assumptions made and | used or included in optimisation or final | |
| Mineral Resource model used for pit | designs | |
| and stope optimisation (if | • No additional infrastructure required | |
| appropriate). | ||
| • The mining dilution factors used. | ||
| • The mining recovery factors used. | ||
| • Any minimum mining widths used. | ||
| • The manner in which Inferred Mineral | ||
| Resources are utilised in mining | ||
| studies and the sensitivity of the | ||
| outcome to their inclusion. | ||
| • The infrastructure requirements of | ||
| the selected mining methods. | ||
| Metallurgical factors or | • The metallurgical process proposed | • Processing by conventional CIL/CIP gold |
| assumptions | and the appropriateness of that | milling at Mt Magnet Checkers Mill |
| process to the style of mineralisation | • Well-tested existing technology | |
| • Whether the metallurgical process is | • Current Mossbecker ore recovery achieving | |
| well-tested technology or novel in | 97%, meeting or exceeding previous | |
| nature. | testwork. 96% applied for evaluations | |
| • The nature, amount and | • Metallurgy testwork programs have included | |
| representativeness of metallurgical | gravity concentration, cyanide leach, grind | |
| test work undertaken, the nature of | establishment, reagent consumption, | |
| the metallurgical domaining applied | flotation, mineralogy and SAG Mill | |
| and the corresponding metallurgical | Comminution. | |
| recovery factors applied. | • No deleterious elements are present | |
| • Any assumptions or allowances made | ||
| for deleterious elements. |
37
| • The existence of any bulk sample or | ||
|---|---|---|
| pilot scale test work and the degree | ||
| to which such samples are considered | ||
| representative of the orebody as a | ||
| whole. | ||
| • For minerals that are defined by a | ||
| specification, has the ore reserve | ||
| estimation been based on the | ||
| appropriate mineralogy to meet the | ||
| specifications? | ||
| Environmental | • The status of studies of potential | • Environmental studies completed previously |
| environmental impacts of the mining | and all approvals in place | |
| and processing operation. Details of | ||
| waste rock characterisation and the | ||
| consideration of potential sites, | ||
| status of design options considered | ||
| and, where applicable, the status of | ||
| approvals for process residue storage | ||
| and waste dumps should be reported. | ||
| Infrastructure | • The existence of appropriate | • All infrastructure in place as part of current |
| infrastructure: availability of land for | Kathleen Valley operations | |
| plant development, power, water, | • The project has low infrastructure | |
| transportation (particularly for bulk | requirements of a temporary nature | |
| commodities), labour, | ||
| accommodation; or the ease with | ||
| which the infrastructure can be | ||
| provided, or accessed. | ||
| Costs | • The derivation of, or assumptions | • Little or no capital expenditure required. |
| made, regarding projected capital | • Operating costs based on current Mt | |
| costs in the study. | Magnet milling costs and KV ore haulage and | |
| • The methodology used to estimate operating costs. • Allowances made for the content of |
mining rates • No deleterious elements present |
|
| deleterious elements. | • Using prior 6 month average gold price | |
| • The derivation of assumptions made | • Cost models use Australian dollars | |
| of metal or commodity price(s), for | • Treatment costs based on known current | |
| the principal minerals and co- | milling costs. No penalties or specifications | |
| products. • The source of exchange rates used in |
• State royalty of 2.5% used | |
| the study. | ||
| • Derivation of transportation charges. | ||
| • The basis for forecasting or source of | ||
| treatment and refining charges, | ||
| penalties for failure to meet | ||
| specification, etc. | ||
| • The allowances made for royalties | ||
| payable, both Government and | ||
| private. | ||
| Revenue Factors | • The derivation of, or assumptions | • Gold price of $1600/oz used |
| made regarding revenue factors | ||
| including head grade, metal or | ||
| commodity price(s) exchange rates, | ||
| transportation and treatment | ||
| charges, penalties, net smelter | ||
| returns, etc. | ||
| • The derivation ofassumptions made |
38
| of metal or commodity price(s), for | ||
|---|---|---|
| the principal metals, minerals and co- | ||
| products. | ||
| Market Assessment | • The demand, supply and stock | • Doré is sold direct to the Perth Mint at spot |
| situation for the particular | price | |
| commodity, consumption trends and factors likely to affect supply and demand into the future. |
• Market window unlikely to change • Price is likely to go up, down or remain same |
|
| • A customer and competitor analysis | • Not industrial mineral | |
| along with the identification of likely | ||
| market windows for the product. | ||
| • Price and volume forecasts and the | ||
| basis for these forecasts. | ||
| • For industrial minerals the customer | ||
| specification, testing and acceptance | ||
| requirements prior to a supply | ||
| contract. | ||
| Economic | • The inputs to the economic analysis | • No NPV applied |
| to produce the net present value | • Project is relatively short life at <1 year | |
| (NPV) in the study, the source and | ||
| confidence of these economic inputs | ||
| including estimated inflation, | ||
| discount rate, etc. | ||
| • NPV ranges and sensitivity to | ||
| variations in the significant | ||
| assumptions and inputs. | ||
| Social | • The status of agreements with key | • Stakeholders have been consulted |
| stakeholders and matters leading to | • Section 18 granted | |
| social licence to operate. | ||
| Other | • To the extent relevant, the impact of | • No material risks are identified |
| the following on the project and/or | ||
| on the estimation and classification | ||
| of the Ore Reserves: | ||
| • Any identified material naturally | ||
| occurring risks. | ||
| • The status of material legal | ||
| agreements and marketing | ||
| arrangements. | ||
| • The status of governmental | ||
| agreements and approvals critical to | ||
| the viability of the project, such as | ||
| mineral tenement status, and | ||
| government and statutory approvals. | ||
| There must be reasonable grounds to | ||
| expect that all necessary Government | ||
| approvals will be received within the | ||
| timeframes anticipated in the Pre- | ||
| Feasibility or Feasibility study. | ||
| Highlight and discuss the materiality | ||
| of any unresolved matter that is | ||
| dependent on a third party on which | ||
| extraction of the reserve is | ||
| contingent. | ||
| Classification | • The basis for the classification of the | • Reserves are classified according to |
| Ore Reserves into varyingconfidence | Resource classification |
39
| categories. | • They reflect the Competent Person’s view | |
|---|---|---|
| • Whether the result appropriately | • No Measured Resource exists. All Reserve is | |
| reflects the Competent Person’s view | Probable category and based on Indicated | |
| of the deposit. | Resource | |
| • The proportion of Probable Ore | ||
| Reserves that have been derived from | ||
| Measured Mineral Resources (if any) | ||
| Audits or reviews | • The results of any audits or reviews of | • No audits carried out |
| Ore Reserve estimates. | ||
| Discussion of relative | • Where appropriate a statement of | • Confidence is in line with gold industry |
| accuracy/confidence | the relative accuracy and confidence | standards and the companies aim to provide |
| level in the Ore Reserve estimate | effective prediction for current and future | |
| using an approach or procedure | mining projects. No statistical quantification | |
| deemed appropriate by the | of confidence limits has been applied | |
| Competent Person. For example, the | • Estimates are global | |
| application of statistical or | • The Reserve is most sensitive to; a) resource | |
| geostatistical procedures to quantify | grade accuracy, b) gold price | |
| the relative accuracy of the reserve | • Reserve confidence is reflected by the | |
| within stated confidence limits, or, if | Probable category applied, which in turn | |
| such an approach is not deemed | reflects the confidence of the Mineral | |
| appropriate, a qualitative discussion | Resource | |
| of the factors which could affect the | • Recent ore production from Mossbecker is | |
| relative accuracy and confidence of | performing well against resource/reserve | |
| the estimate. | estimates | |
| • The statement should specify whether | ||
| it relates to global or local estimates, | ||
| and, if local, state the relevant | ||
| tonnages, which should be relevant | ||
| to technical and economic evaluation. | ||
| Documentation should include | ||
| assumptions made and the | ||
| procedures used. | ||
| • Accuracy and confidence discussions | ||
| should extend to specific discussions | ||
| of any applied Modifying Factors that | ||
| may have a material impact on Ore | ||
| Reserve viability, or for which there | ||
| are remaining areas of uncertainty at | ||
| the current study stage. | ||
| • It is recognised that this may not be | ||
| possible or appropriate in all | ||
| circumstances. These statements of | ||
| relative accuracy and confidence of | ||
| the estimate should be compared | ||
| with production data, where | ||
| available. |
40