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PATRONUS RESOURCES LIMITED — Capital/Financing Update 2021
Jan 24, 2021
65620_rns_2021-01-24_464008e2-c611-4297-bb30-489d79ec9466.pdf
Capital/Financing Update
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ASX Announcement 25 January 2021
OUTSTANDING THICK, HIGH-GRADE DRILL RESULTS PAVE WAY FOR PIVOTAL RESOURCE UPGRADE AT BRUNO-LEWIS DEPOSIT
Significant widths and grades of up to 10m at 10.8g/t from in-fill RC drilling at northern end of deposit confirm potential to upgrade and expand the current 311koz Resource
Highlights
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Outstanding assay results received from the remaining 38 Reverse Circulation (RC) holes drilled at the northern half of the 311,000oz Bruno-Lewis deposit, one of the cornerstone gold deposits at the 100%owned Cardinia Gold Project in WA. Results include:
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Significant zones of shallow high-grade mineralisation such as:
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10m at 10.8g/t Au from 15m (BL20RC107)
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14m at 6.09g/t Au from 39m (BL20RC127)
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6m at 7.97g/t Au from 26m and 5m at 7.58g/t Au from 59m (BL20RC129)
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11m at 4.24g/t Au from 74m (BL20RC124)
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16m at 4.15g/t Au from 40m (BL20RC120)
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Additional zones of wider, lower grade mineralisation with sporadic higher grades including:
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15m at 1.47g/t Au from 38m (BL20RC119)
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23m at 1. 05g/t Au from 52m (BL20RC137) including 7m at 2.76g/t Au from 55m
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12m at 1.18g/t Au from 99m (BL20RC110) including 1m at 6.90g/t Au from 109m
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8m at 2.73g/t Au from 40m (BL20RC123)
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7m at 2.44g/t Au from 46m (BL20RC128) including 3m at 4.94g/t Au from 46m
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7m at 1.43g/t Au from 36m (BL20RC125)
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25m at 0.78g/t Au from 43m (BL20RC131) including 4m at 2.53g/t Au from 43m and 5m at 1.23g/t Au from 56m
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Drilling was designed to extend and upgrade the classification of the Inferred material in the BrunoLewis deposit (Inferred Mineral Resource totalling 144,000oz).
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Updated Mineral Resource Estimate for the Bruno-Lewis deposit incorporating all the 2020 drilling data on schedule for completion in March 2021 Quarter.
Further to its announcement of 15 January 2021, Kin Mining NL (ASX: KIN or “the Company”) is pleased to advise that it has received further significant assay results from recent in-fill Reverse Circulation (RC) drilling
ASX Code: KIN Shares on issue: 700.4 million Market Capitalisation: $112 million Cash: $2.267 million (31 December 2020)
Kin Mining NL 342 Scarborough Beach Road Osborne Park WA 6017 P : +61 9 9242 2227 E [email protected] kinmining.com.au
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at the Bruno-Lewis deposit , one of the cornerstone deposits at its 100%-owned Cardinia Gold Project (CGP) in Western Australia.
The results – which include several outstanding, wide, high-grade intercepts at shallow depth plus a number of wider, lower grade zones – have confirmed the quality of the Bruno-Lewis deposit, demonstrating strong potential to upgrade and expand the current 311,000oz Mineral Resource Estimate as part of an updated MRE due later this quarter.
The drilling was undertaken at Bruno-Lewis as part of the Phase 3 drilling program completed in late 2020 with the aim of extending the mineralisation at depth, increasing the average grade and upgrading the classification of the Inferred Mineral Resource at the deposit.
Results reported in this announcement are from the northern part of the deposit, where the Inferred Mineral Resource totals 2.6Mt at 1.17g/t Au for 96,000oz of contained gold (refer Table A1).
The drilling targeted Inferred Mineral Resources inside the A$2600 pit shell that defines the Mineral Resource Estimate and in addition, potential lode positions both inside and outside the pit shell that were intersected in historical wide-spaced drilling but had not previously been classified in a Mineral Resource estimate.
The 2019 Pre-Feasibility Study on the Cardinia Gold Project was underpinned by both Ore Reserves and Inferred Mineral Resources that fell within a pit design based on A$1,800 gold prices with August 2019 estimated operating costs and Modifying Factors.
Commenting on the final Bruno-Lewis results, Kin Mining Managing Director Andrew Munckton said:
“These results from the northern half of the Bruno-Lewis deposit are some of the best results we have seen from Bruno-Lewis and from the wider Cardinia area. While we knew that the north-east dipping lodes that we targeted with this drilling were the source of wide zones of generally lower grade mineralisation further south at Lewis, the intersection of broad high-grade zones at the Bruno end of the deposit, across a substantial strike length, is an extremely pleasing outcome and reflective of the excellent work carried out by the geological team.”
“These results reinforce that the Cardinia area in general – and this northern part of Bruno in particular – contains significant areas of high-grade mineralisation both close to surface and at depth. The Phase 3 drilling program results continue to demonstrate the exceptional endowment, and enhance the underlying value of the Cardinia Gold Project.
“This drilling will be incorporated as part of a new Mineral Resource Estimate for Bruno-Lewis scheduled for the March quarter, that is anticipated to enhance our project-wide Mineral Resource inventory beyond the 1.15Moz figure announced in December 2020.
“The Company has a number of exciting new exploration targets to test at Cardinia in 2021 that have similar geology, alteration and mineralisation indicators to those tested during 2020 in the Phase 3 program. The highgrade results delivered from the recent Bruno-Lewis drilling campaign provide further evidence that the Cardinia area is a major mineralised gold camp, similar in scale and style to other multi-million ounce gold camps along the Keith-Kilkenny Shear Zone that have supported other gold operations for many years.”
Bruno-Lewis Drilling
A total of three diamond and 76 Reverse Circulation drill-holes were completed at the Bruno-Lewis prospect in late 2020 for a total of 7,054m. On 15 January 2021, the Company reported strong mineralised intercepts
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in the southern part of Bruno Lewis from the initial 38 RC holes and 3 diamond holes from this program. See ASX announcement, 15 January 2021 – New Results Confirm Potential to Expand Bruno-Lewis Deposit . In the northern part of the deposit, 36 of the 38 RC holes drilled are reported in this announcement with all 36 holes intersecting ore grade mineralisation. Assays for two remaining RC holes are scheduled to be completed next week.
The drilling targeted extensions both along strike and down-dip of previous modelled mineralisation in historical RC drilling at the northern half of the Bruno deposit. The drilling program was designed to confirm the grade and position of the mineralised lodes, improve confidence in the continuity of this style of mineralisation and to upgrade and increase the Inferred Mineral Resource estimate of 2.6Mt at 1.17g/t Au for 96koz. Drill hole details are provided in Table 2.
Significant results from the Bruno-Lewis RC program are summarised in Table 1 and illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 below:
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Hole ID From (m) To (m) Width (m) Gold (g/t) Comments
BL20RC102 39 40 1 1.04
BL20RC103 100 101 1 2.32
BL20RC104 44 46 2 1.23
52 53 1 1.43
63 64 1 1.57
BL20RC105 49 50 1 2.87
BL20RC106 82 83 1 1.47
BL20RC107 15 25 10 10.8 Including 1m @ 82g/t from 22m
65 66 1 1.28
5 7 2 1.32
BL20RC108 38 41 3 1.45
BL20RC109 0 1 1 1.44
BL20RC110 28 30 2 5.25
35 36 1 1.27
49 50 1 1.99
53 54 1 1.18
99 100 1 4.50
Part of 12m @ 1.18g/t from 96m
109 110 1 6.90
BL20RC111 8 12 4 1.18
24 27 3 1.89
BL20RC114 23 24 1 5.08
BL20RC115 8 9 1 1.24
14 15 1 17.6
23 25 2 6.59
66 68 2 2.40
BL20RC116 21 22 1 1.36
BL20RC117 12 13 1 1.47
28 29 1 1.27
BL20RC118 42 48 6 1.15
BL20RC119 17 19 2 2.45
38 53 15 1.47
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Hole ID From (m) To (m) Width (m) Gold (g/t) Comments
74 75 1 1.21
86 88 2 2.29
96 102 6 0.99
BL20RC120 40 56 16 4.15 Including 2m @ 23.0g/t from 45m
63 65 2 1.28
75 76 1 2.12
BL20RC121 27 28 1 4.76
BL20RC122 75 76 1 1.05
88 90 2 1.98
93 94 1 1.04
100 101 1 1.03
BL20RC123 40 48 8 2.73
BL20RC124 63 66 3 2.04
74 85 11 4.24 Including 2m @ 20.3g/t from 74m
BL20RC125 36 43 7 1.43
54 58 4 0.93
BL20RC126 26 27 1 3.03
31 32 1 1.07
37 38 1 5.78
65 66 1 1.43
BL20RC127 21 24 3 2.83
39 53 14 6.09
81 82 1 3.9
BL20RC128 5 7 2 2.84
16 17 1 1.21
46 49 3 4.94 Part of 7m at 2.40g/t from 46m
BL20RC129 20 21 1 10.62
26 32 6 7.97
59 64 5 7.58
68 69 1 2.88
104 105 1 1.58
131 132 1 3.45
BL20RC130 24 29 5 3.55
90 91 1 1.10
101 102 1 1.66 Bottom of hole sample
BL20RC131 43 47 4 2.53
Part of 25m at 0.78g/t from 43m
56 61 5 1.23
BL20RC132 22 23 1 1.33
31 32 1 1.95
BL20RC133 45 46 1 1.67
53 54 1 1.81
59 60 1 1.12
BL20RC134 11 14 3 1.29
23 24 1 1.55
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Hole ID From (m) To (m) Width (m) Gold (g/t) Comments
58 59 1 1.20
BL20RC135 24 26 2 1.28
BL20RC136 18 19 1 1.69
55 56 1 1.41
BL20RC137 25 31 6 2.21
55 62 7 2.76 Part of 23m at 1.05g/t from 52m
69 70 1 2.17
BL20RC138 18 19 1 2.79
44 46 2 1.43
58 62 4 1.11
66 67 1 1.8
79 80 1 1.23
BL20RC139 37 38 1 5.68
BL20RC140 Awaiting Assays
BL20RC141 Awaiting Assays
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Table 1 : Significant intercepts for the northern part of the Bruno-Lewis RC drilling program. Intersections of greater than 1.0 g/t Au.
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Figure 1: Location of new assay results from the Bruno-Lewis prospect. Shown in Red is the PFS Reserve pit design at A$1800. Shown in blue is the optimised pit at A$2600 for the MRE including Inferred Mineral Resources. White dots mark the collar positions of RC drill holes still to be returned from assay laboratories.
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Figure 2: Cross section A-A’ through drill-holes BL20RC127 to BL20RC129 at the Bruno-Lewis prospect.
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Figure 3: Cross-section B-B’ through drill-holes BL20RC105 to BL20RC119 at the Bruno-Lewis prospect.
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Hole
Project Hole Id Easting Northing RL Azimuth Dip Depth
Type
BL20CD087 363072 6813838 411 RCD 226 -60 147.1
BL20DD112 363292 6813833 410 DD 234 -56 179.9
BL20DD113 363358 6812919 409 DD 54 -60 105.1
BL20RC063 363363 6812872 409 RC 48 -60 102
BL20RC064 363255 6813188 408 RC 234 -60 84
BL20RC065 363269 6813152 408 RC 50 -60 134
BL20RC066 363231 6813281 408 RC 234 -60 74
BL20RC067 363175 6813283 408 RC 233 -60 38
BL20RC068 363203 6813312 408 RC 230 -61 62
BL20RC069 363159 6813319 408 RC 230 -60 50
BL20RC070 363114 6813331 409 RC 231 -59 44
BL20RC071 363128 6813345 409 RC 232 -60 62
BL20RC072 363144 6813362 408 RC 230 -60 80
BL20RC073 363165 6813383 408 RC 233 -60 98
BL20RC074 363182 6813348 408 RC 233 -60 86
BL20RC075 363089 6813365 409 RC 232 -61 50
BL20RC076 363149 6813422 408 RC 233 -60 110
BL20RC077 363044 6813374 409 RC 231 -60 32
BL20RC078 363063 6813390 409 RC 231 -60 50
BL20RC079 363079 6813406 409 RC 232 -60 86
Bruno BL20RC080 363096 6813426 408 RC 232 -60 116
Lewis BL20RC081 363043 6813431 409 RC 232 -60 104
BL20RC082 363090 6813480 409 RC 236 -61 110
BL20RC083 363033 6813474 409 RC 232 -61 68
BL20RC084 363066 6813510 410 RC 232 -60 92
BL20RC085 363003 6813764 411 RC 234 -60 92
BL20RC086 363042 6813804 411 RC 229 -60 100
BL20RC088 363075 6813881 411 RC 227 -60 92
BL20RC089 362999 6813820 411 RC 231 -60 86
BL20RC090 362995 6813871 412 RC 52 -60 86
BL20RC091 362960 6813830 411 RC 49 -60 80
BL20RC092 362972 6813728 411 RC 232 -60 44
BL20RC093 362974 6813726 411 RC 234 -60 90
BL20RC094 363127 6813599 410 RC 232 -60 108
BL20RC095 363142 6813849 410 RC 232 -60 102
BL20RC096 363132 6813869 410 RC 50 -60 84
BL20RC097 363114 6813878 411 RC 232 -59 90
BL20RC098 363126 6813890 410 RC 49 -60 84
BL20RC099 363188 6813841 410 RC 232 -59 102
BL20RC100 363245 6813838 409 RC 229 -61 132
BL20RC101 363367 6813731 409 RC 233 -56 102
BL20RC102 363407 6813661 409 RC 231 -60 60
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Hole
Project Hole Id Easting Northing RL Azimuth Dip Depth
Type
BL20RC103 362851 6813866 411 RC 50 -61 102
BL20RC104 362889 6813907 412 RC 51 -61 102
BL20RC105 362893 6813880 412 RC 49 -60 114
BL20RC106 362946 6813965 412 RC 49 -61 84
BL20RC107 362831 6814047 412 RC 50 -60 72
BL20RC108 362769 6814068 413 RC 230 -60 54
BL20RC109 362814 6814112 413 RC 232 -60 60
BL20RC110 362852 6814154 413 RC 234 -60 114
BL20RC111 362757 6814170 414 RC 228 -60 90
BL20RC114 362882 6814242 413 RC 230 -61 66
BL20RC115 362748 6814107 413 RC 230 -61 78
BL20RC116 362938 6813931 412 RC 51 -61 84
BL20RC117 362742 6814331 414 RC 231 -60 42
BL20RC118 363081 6814018 411 RC 230 -61 84
BL20RC119 363075 6814044 411 RC 229 -60 108
BL20RC120 363042 6814008 412 RC 232 -60 84
BL20RC121 363050 6813986 412 RC 231 -59 78
BL20RC122 363154 6813976 410 RC 231 -59 102
BL20RC123 363226 6813966 410 RC 232 -60 60
BL20RC124 363119 6813938 410 RC 231 -60 96
BL20RC125 363060 6813936 411 RC 51 -60 102
BL20RC126 363012 6813974 412 RC 231 -60 102
BL20RC127 362956 6814033 412 RC 232 -60 102
BL20RC128 362992 6814072 412 RC 231 -61 78
BL20RC129 363061 6814142 412 RC 230 -60 138
BL20RC130 363035 6814120 412 RC 223 -60 102
BL20RC131 362998 6814165 412 RC 232 -60 102
BL20RC132 363070 6814263 412 RC 233 -60 54
BL20RC133 362744 6814216 414 RC 230 -60 84
BL20RC134 362737 6814268 414 RC 233 -60 114
BL20RC135 362522 6814245 415 RC 232 -60 54
BL20RC136 362474 6814324 415 RC 229 -61 84
BL20RC137 362804 6814504 414 RC 236 -61 120
BL20RC138 362850 6814499 414 RC 233 -60 126
BL20RC139 362767 6814472 414 RC 230 -60 102
BL20RC140 362797 6814533 414 RC 233 -60 120
BL20RC141 362861 6814451 413 RC 231 -61 98
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Table 2: Drill-hole details for the RC and Diamond drilling conducted at the Bruno-Lewis prospect.
-ENDS-
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Authorised for release by the Board of Directors
For further information, please contact:
Investor enquiries
Andrew Munckton Managing Director, Kin Mining NL +61 8 9242 2227
Media enquiries
Nicholas Read Read Corporate +61 419 929 046
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About Kin Mining NL
Kin Mining NL (ASX: KIN) is a West Australian based gold development and exploration company. Kin’s key focus is its 100% owned Cardinia Gold Project (CGP) located in the highly prospective North-Eastern Goldfields region of Western Australia. The CGP has a 1154koz gold Mineral Resource (see Table A1) defined in both oxide and deeper primary mineralisation with considerable potential to grow this resource with further drilling.
Table A1. Mineral Resource Estimate Table December 2020[1]
| Cardinia Gold Project: Mineral Resources: December 2020 | Cardinia Gold Project: Mineral Resources: December 2020 | Cardinia Gold Project: Mineral Resources: December 2020 | Cardinia Gold Project: Mineral Resources: December 2020 | Cardinia Gold Project: Mineral Resources: December 2020 | Cardinia Gold Project: Mineral Resources: December 2020 | Cardinia Gold Project: Mineral Resources: December 2020 | Cardinia Gold Project: Mineral Resources: December 2020 | Cardinia Gold Project: Mineral Resources: December 2020 | Cardinia Gold Project: Mineral Resources: December 2020 | Cardinia Gold Project: Mineral Resources: December 2020 | Cardinia Gold Project: Mineral Resources: December 2020 | Cardinia Gold Project: Mineral Resources: December 2020 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Project Area | Resource Gold Price (AUD) |
Lower Cut off (g/t Au) |
Measured Resources | Indicated Resources | Inferred Resources | Total Resources | Date Announced |
||||||||
| Tonnes (Mt) |
Au (g/t Au) |
Au (k Oz) |
Tonnes (Mt) |
Au (g/t Au) |
Au (k Oz) |
Tonnes (Mt) |
Au (g/t Au) |
Au (k Oz) |
Tonnes (Mt) |
Au (g/t Au) |
Au (k Oz) |
||||
| Mertondale | |||||||||||||||
| Mertons Reward | $2,600 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 2.17 | 66 | 1.9 | 0.65 | 41 | 2.9 | 1.15 | 106 | 26-Nov-20 | |||
| Mertondale 3-4 | $2,600 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 1.85 | 81 | 1.0 | 0.97 | 31 | 2.3 | 1.48 | 111 | 26-Nov-20 | |||
| Tonto | $2,600 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 1.14 | 67 | 1.1 | 1.24 | 43 | 2.9 | 1.18 | 111 | 26-Nov-20 | |||
| Mertondale 5 | $2,600 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.67 | 26 | 0.8 | 1.24 | 32 | 1.3 | 1.40 | 59 | 26-Nov-20 | |||
| Eclipse | $2,600 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.01 | 19 | 0.6 | 1.01 | 19 | 26-Nov-20 | ||||||
| Quicksilver | $2,600 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 1.10 | 39 | 1.1 | 1.10 | 39 | 26-Nov-20 | ||||||
| Subtotal Mertondale | 4.6 | 1.61 | 240 | 6.5 | 0.98 | 205 | 11.1 | 1.24 | 445 | ||||||
| Cardinia | |||||||||||||||
| Bruno | $2,600 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.89 | 35 | 2.6 | 1.17 | 96 | 3.8 | 1.08 | 132 | 26-Nov-20 | |||
| Lewis | $2,600 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.98 | 13 | 4.8 | 0.85 | 131 | 1.5 | 1.00 | 48 | 6.3 | 0.89 | 179 | 26-Nov-20 |
| Kyte | $2,600 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.53 | 17 | 0.1 | 0.92 | 3 | 0.4 | 1.38 | 20 | 26-Nov-20 | |||
| Helens | $2,600 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 2.14 | 50 | 0.3 | 1.94 | 19 | 1.0 | 2.08 | 69 | 26-Nov-20 | |||
| Fiona | $2,600 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 1.35 | 25 | 0.2 | 1.21 | 8 | 0.8 | 1.32 | 32 | 26-Nov-20 | |||
| Rangoon | $2,600 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.24 | 21 | 0.3 | 1.07 | 12 | 0.9 | 1.17 | 32 | 26-Nov-20 | |||
| Hobby* | $2,000 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 2.10 | 8 | 0.1 | 2.10 | 8 | 14-Feb-20 | ||||||
| Cardinia Hill** | $2,600 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.66 | 61 | 1.2 | 1.66 | 61 | 18-Dec-20 | ||||||
| Subtotal Cardinia | 0.4 | 0.98 | 13 | 8.2 | 1.06 | 279 | 6.3 | 1.26 | 255 | 14.5 | 1.15 | 534 | |||
| Raeside | |||||||||||||||
| Michaelangelo | $2,600 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 2.00 | 73 | 0.4 | 2.19 | 25 | 1.5 | 2.04 | 98 | 26-Nov-20 | |||
| Leonardo | $2,600 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 2.39 | 30 | 0.2 | 2.20 | 14 | 0.6 | 2.32 | 44 | 26-Nov-20 | |||
| Forgotten Four | $2,600 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 2.09 | 7 | 0.1 | 1.96 | 6 | 0.2 | 2.03 | 14 | 26-Nov-20 | |||
| Krang | $2,600 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 1.74 | 17 | 0.0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0.3 | 1.80 | 19 | 26-Nov-20 | |||
| Subtotal Raeside | 2.0 | 2.04 | 128 | 0.7 | 2.17 | 47 | 2.6 | 2.07 | 175 | ||||||
| TOTAL | 0.4 | 0.98 | 13 | 14.8 | 1.36 | 647 | 13.4 | 1.17 | 507 | 28.2 | 1.27 | 1154 |
Table A1: Mineral Resource Estimate Table December 2020. Mineral Resources estimated by Jamie Logan, and reported in accordance with JORC 2012 using a 0.4g/t Au cut-off within AUD2,600 optimisation shells. Note * Hobby was not re-optimised as part of this MRE and is still reported at the lower gold price and higher cut-off grade. Note ** Cardinia Hill Mineral Resource Estimate completed by Cube Consulting.
1The company confirms that it is not aware of any new information or data that materially affects the information included in the ASX Announcement of 22 December 2020 “Cardinia Gold Project Mineral Resource Increased to 1.15Moz”, and that all material assumptions and technical parameters underpinning the estimates in that announcement continue to apply and have not materially changed.
COMPETENT PERSON’S STATEMENT
The information contained in this report relating to exploration results relates to information compiled or reviewed by Glenn Grayson. Mr. Grayson is a member of the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and is a full-time employee of the company. Mr. Grayson has sufficient experience of relevance to the styles of mineralisation and the types of deposit under consideration, and to the activities undertaken to qualify as a Competent Person as defined in the 2012 edition of the JORC “Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves".
Mr. Grayson consents to the inclusion in this report of the matters based on information in the form and context in which it appears.
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Appendix A
JORC 2012 TABLE 1 REPORT
Cardinia Gold Project - Section 1 & 2
Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
(Criteria in this section apply to all succeeding sections.)
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Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
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| Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary |
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary |
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary |
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sampling techniques | Nature and quality of sampling (eg cut channels, random chips, or specific specialised industry standard measurement tools appropriate to the minerals under investigation, such as down hole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc). These examples should not be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling. Include reference to measures taken to ensure sample representivity and the appropriate calibration of any measurement tools or systems used. Aspects of the determination of mineralisation that are Material to the Public Report. In cases where ‘industry standard’ work has been done this would be relatively simple (eg ‘reverse circulation drilling was used to obtain 1 m samples from which 3 kg was pulverised to produce a 30g charge forfire assay’). In other |
Diamond Historic (pre-2014) diamond core (DD) sampling utilised half core or quarter core sample intervals; typically varying from 0.3m to 1.4m in length. 1m sample intervals were favoured and sample boundaries principally coincided with geological contacts. Recent (2014-2018) diamond core (DD) samples, either HQ3 or NQ2 in size diameter, were either cut in half longitudinally or further cut into quarters, using a powered diamond core drop saw centered over a cradle holding core in place. Core sample intervals varied from 0.2 to 1.25m in length but were predominantly aligned to 1m intervals or with sample boundaries which respected geological contacts. 2019 diamond core samples, either HQ3 or NQ2 in size diameter, were either cut in half longitudinally or a third longitudinally, using an automated Corewise core saw Core was placed in boats, holding core in place. Core sample intervals varied from 0.3 to 1.3m in length but were predominantly aligned to 1m intervals or with sample boundaries which respected geological contacts. RC Historic reverse circulation (RC) drill samples were collected over 1m downhole intervals beneath a cyclone and typically riffle split to obtain a sub-sample (typically 3-4kg). 1m sub-samples were typically collected in pre-numbered calico bags and 1m sample rejects were commonly stored at the drill site. 3m or 4m composited interval samples were often collected by using a scoop (dry samples) or spear (wet samples). If composite samples returned anomalous results once assayed, the single metre sub-samples of the anomalous composite intervals were retrieved and submitted for individual gold analysis. Recent reverse circulation (RC) drill samples were collected by passing through a cyclone, a sample collection box, and riffle or cone splitter. All RC sub-samples were collected over one metre downhole intervals and averaged 3-4kg. 2019 RC drilling samples were collected in 1m downhole intervals by passing through a cyclone, a collection box and then dropping through a cone splitter. All RC sub-samples were collected over one metre downhole intervals and averaged 3-4kg. AC/RAB Historic air core (AC) and rotary air blast (RAB) were typically collected at 1 metre intervals and placed on the ground with 3-4kg sub-samples collected usinga scoopor spear. Three metre or four metre composited interval samples were often collected by |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|
| cases more explanation may be required, such as where there is coarse gold that has inherent sampling problems. Unusual commodities or mineralisation types (eg submarine nodules) may warrant disclosure of detailed information. |
using a scoop (dry samples) or spear (wet samples). If composite samples returned anomalous results once assayed, the single metre sub-samples of the anomalous composite intervals were retrieved and submitted for individual gold analysis. Assay Methodology Historic sample analysis typically included a number of commercial laboratories with preparation as per the following method, oven drying (90-110°C), crushing (<-2mm to <-6mm), pulverizing (<-75μm to <-105μm), and riffle split to obtain a 30, 40, or 50gram catchweight for gold analysis. Fire Assay fusion, with AAS finish was the common method of analysis however, on occasion, initial assaying may have been carried out via Aqua Regia digest and AAS/ICP finish. Anomalous samples were subsequently re-assayed by Fire Assay fusion and AAS/ICP finish. Recent sample analysis typically included oven drying (105-110°C), crushing (<-6mm & <-2mm), pulverising (P90% <-75μm) and sample splitting to a representative 50gram catchweight sample for gold only analysis using Fire Assay fusion with AAS finish. Multi element analysis was also conducted on approximately 10% of samples, predominantly through ore zones. This was conducted via a 4-acid digest with ICP-MS/OES determination for a 48 element suite. Rock Chips All rock chip samples are taken using a pick. The samples are taken from outcrop where possible. Samples are also taken from in situ float material or waste rock around historic workings, where outcrop is not present. Care is taken to ensure all samples are representative of the medium being sampled. For example, if a 1m sediment unit is being sampled, a channel sample will be taken across the entire unit. All recent drilling, sample collection and sample handling procedures were conducted and/or supervised by KIN geology personnel to high level industry standards. QA/QC procedures were implemented during each drilling program to industry standards. |
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| Drilling techniques | Drill type (eg core, reverse circulation, open-hole hammer, rotary air blast, auger, Bangka, sonic, etc) and details (eg core diameter, triple or standard tube, depth of diamond tails, face- sampling bit or other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc). |
Drilling carried out since 1986 and up to the most recent drill programs completed by KIN Mining was obtained from a combination of reverse circulation (RC), diamond core (DD), air core (AC), and rotary air blast (RAB) drilling. Data prior to 1986 is limited due to lack of exploration. Diamond Historic DD was carried out using industry standard ‘Q’ wireline techniques, with the core retrieved from the inner tubes and placed in core trays. Core sizes include NQ/NQ3 (Ø 45-48mm) and HQ/HQ3 (Ø 61-64mm). At the end of each core run, the driller placed core blocks in the tray, marked with hole number and depth. Core recovery was usually measured for each core run and recorded onto the geologist’s drill logs. 2017 – 2018 DD was carried out by contractor Orbit Drilling Pty Ltd (“Orbit Drilling”) with a Mitsubishi truck-mounted Hydco 1200H 8x4 drill rig, using industry standard ‘Q’ wireline techniques. 2019 DD was carried out y Topdrill Pty Ltd. With a Sandvick DE840 mounted on a Mercedes Benz 4144 Actros 8x8 Carrier. The rig is fitted with Sandvik DA555 hands free diamond drilling rod handler and Austex hands free hydraulic breakout. Drill core is retrieved from the inner tubes and placed in plastic core trays and each core run depth recorded onto core marker blocks and placed at the end of each run in the tray. Core sizes include NQ2 (Ø 47mm) and HQ3 (Ø 64mm). Recent DD core recoveryand orientation was obtained for each core run wherepossible,usingelectronic core orientation tools |
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Criteria
JORC Code explanation Commentary
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(e.g. Reflex EZ-ACT) and the ‘bottom of core’ marked accordingly.
2017 -18 drilling was measured at regular downhole intervals, typically at 10-15m from surface and then every 30m to bottom
of hole, using electronic multi-shot downhole survey tools (i.e. Reflex EZ-TRAC or Camteq Proshot). Independent programs of
downhole deviation surveying were also carried out to validate previous surveys. These programs utilised either electronic
continuous logging survey tool (AusLog A698 deviation tool) or gyroscopic survey equipment.
2019 DD was surveyed at regular downhole intervals (every 30m with an additional end-of-hole survey) using electronic
gyroscopic survey equipment.
RC
Historic RC drilling used conventional reverse circulation drilling techniques, utilising a cross-over sub, or face-sampling
hammers with bit shrouds. Drill bit sizes typically ranged between 110-140mm.
2017-18 RC drilling was carried out by Orbit Drilling’s truck-mounted Hydco 350RC 8x8 Actross drill rigs with 350psi/1250cfm air
compressor, with auxiliary and booster air compressors (when required). Drilling utilised mostly downhole face-sampling
hammer bits (Ø 140mm), with occasional use of blade bits for highly oxidized and soft formations. The majority of drilling
retrieved dry samples, with the occasional use of the auxiliary and booster air compressors beneath the water table, to
maintain dry sample return as much as possible. RC drillhole deviations were surveyed downhole, typically carried out inside a
non-magnetic stainless steel (s/s) rod located above the hammer, using electronic multi-shot downhole tool (e.g. Reflex EZ-
TRAC). In some instances, drillholes were surveyed later in open hole. Independent programs of downhole deviation surveying
were also carried out to validate previous surveys. These programs utilised either electronic continuous logging survey tool
(AusLog A698 deviation tool) or gyroscopic survey equipment.
2019 RC drilling was carried out by Swick Mining Services truck-mounted Swick version Schramm 685 RC Drill Rig (Rod Handler
& Rotary Cone Splitter) with support air truck and dust suppression equipment. Drilling utilised downhole face-sampling
hammer bits (Ø 140mm). The majority of drilling retrieved dry samples, with the occasional use of the auxiliary and booster air
compressors beneath the water table, to maintain dry sample return as much as possible.
2019 RC was surveyed at regular downhole intervals (every 30m with an additional end-of-hole survey) using electronic
gyroscopic survey equipment.
AC/RAB
Historic AC drilling was conducted utilising suitable rigs with appropriate compressors (eg 250psi/600cfm). AC holes were drilled
using ‘blade’ or ‘wing’ bits, until the bit was unable to penetrate (‘blade refusal’), often near the fresh rock interface. Hammer
bits were used only when it was deemed necessary to penetrate further into the fresh rock profile or through notable “hard
boundaries” in the regolith profile. No downhole surveying is noted to have been undertaken on AC drillholes.
Historic RAB drilling was carried out using small air compressors (eg 250psi/600cfm) and drill rods fitted with a percussion
hammer or blade bit, with the sample return collected at the drillhole collar using a stuffing box and cyclone collection
techniques. Drillhole sizes generally range between 75-110mm. No downhole surveying is noted to have been undertaken on
RAB drillholes.
Drill sample recovery Method of recording and assessing core Diamond
and chip sample recoveries and results Historic core recovery was recorded in drill logs for most of the diamond drilling programs since 1985. A review of historical
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary | |
|---|---|---|---|
| assessed. Measures taken to maximise sample recovery and ensure representative nature of the samples. Whether a relationship exists between sample recovery and grade and whether sample bias may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material. |
reports indicates that core recovery was generally good (>80%) with lesser recoveries recorded in zones of broken ground and/or areas of mineralisation. Overall recoveries are considered acceptable for resource estimation. Recent core recovery data was recorded for each run by measuring total length of core retrieved against the downhole interval actually drilled and stored in the database. KIN representatives continuously monitor core recovery and core presentation quality as drilling is conducted and issues or discrepancies are rectified promptly to maintain industry best standards. Core recoveries averaged >95%, even when difficult ground conditions were being encountered. When poor ground conditions were anticipated, a triple tube drilling configuration was utilised to maximize core recovery RC/AC/RAB Historic sample recovery information for RC, AC, and RAB drilling is limited. Recent RC drilling samples are preserved as best as possible during the drilling process. At the end of each 1 metre downhole interval, the driller stops advancing, retracts from the bottom of hole, and waits for the sample to clear from the bottom of the hole through to the sample collector box fitted beneath the cyclone. The sample is then released from the sample collector box and passed through either a 3-tiered riffle splitter or cone splitter fitted beneath the sample box. Drilling prior to 2018 utilised riffle split collection whereas sample collection via a cone splitter was conducted for drilling undertaken since March 2018; cyclone cleaning processes remained the same. Sample reject is collected in plastic bags, and a 3-4kg sub-sample is collected in pre-marked calico bags for analysis. Once the samples have been collected, the cyclone, sample collector box and riffle splitter are flushed with compressed air, and the splitter cleaned by the off-sider using a compressed air hose at both the end of each 6 metre drill rod and then extensively cleaned at the completion of each hole. This process is maintained throughout the entire drilling program to maximise drill sample recovery and to maintain a high level of representivity of the material being drilled. RC drill sample recoveries are not recorded in the database however a review by Carras Mining Pty Ltd (CM) in 2017, of RC drill samples stored in the field, and ongoing observations of RC drill rigs in operation by KIN representatives, suggests that RC sample recoveries were mostly consistent and typically very good (>90%). Collected samples are deemed reliable and representative of drilled material and no material discrepancy, that would impede a mineral resource estimate, exists between collected RC primary and sub-samples. |
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| Logging | Whether core and chip samples have been geologically and geotechnically logged to a level of detail to support appropriate Mineral Resource estimation, mining studies and metallurgical studies. Whether logging is qualitative or quantitative in nature. Core (or costean, channel, etc) photography. |
Logging data coded in the database, prior to 2014, illustrates at least four different lithological code systems, a legacy of numerous past operators (Hunter, MPI, Metana, CIM, MEGM, Pacmin, SOG, and Navigator). Correlation between codes is difficult to establish however, based on historical reports, drill hole logging procedures appear consistent with normal industry practices of the time. KIN has attempted to validate historical logging data and to standardize the logging code system by incorporating the SOG and Navigator logging codes into one. Diamond Historical diamond core logging was recorded into drill logs for most of the diamond drilling programs since 1985. A review of historical reports indicates that logging noted core recovery, fractures per metre and RQD, lithology, alteration, texture, mineralisation, weathering, and other features. Core was then marked up for cutting and sampling. Navigator’sprocedure for loggingof diamond core included firstlymarkingof the bottom of the core(for successful core |
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Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
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| Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary |
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary |
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary |
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged. |
orientations), then recording of core recovery, fractures per metre and RQD, lithology, alteration, texture, mineralisation, weathering, and other features. Core was then marked up for cutting and sampling. Navigator DD logging is predominantly to geological contacts. Navigator logging information was entered directly into hand held digital data loggers and transferred directly to the database, after validation, to minimize data entry errors. Drill core photographs, for drilling prior to 2014, are available only for diamond drillholes completed by Navigator. KIN DD logging is carried out on site once geology personnel retrieve core trays from the drill rig site. Core is collected from the rig daily. The entire length of every hole is logged. Recorded data includes lithology, alteration, structure, texture, mineralisation, sulphide content, weathering and other features. Drillhole collar coordinates, azimuth, dip, depth and sampling intervals are also recorded. KIN DD logging is to geological contacts. Qualitative logging includes classification and description of lithology, weathering, oxidation, colour, texture and grain size. Quantitative logging includes percentages of identified minerals, veining, and structural measurements (using a kenometer tool). In addition, logging of diamond drilling includes geotechnical data, RQD and core recoveries. Drill core is photographed at the Cardinia site, prior to any cutting and/or sampling, and then stored in this location. Photographs are available for every diamond drillhole completed by KIN and a selection of various RC chip trays. SG data is also collect All information collected is entered directly into laptop computers or tablets, validated in the field, and then transferred to the database. The level of logging detail is considered appropriate for exploration and to support appropriate mineral resource estimation, mining studies, and metallurgical studies. Diamond drillholes completed for geotechnical purposes were independently logged for structural data by geotechnical consultants. RC/AC/RAB Historical RC, AC, and RAB logging (including Navigator) was entered on a metre by metre basis. Logging consisted of lithology, alteration, texture, mineralisation, weathering, and other features For the majority of historical drilling (pre-2004) the entire length of each drillhole have been logged from surface to ‘end of hole’. KIN RC logging of was carried out in the field and logging has predominantly been undertaken on a metre by metre basis. KIN logging is inclusive of the entire length of each RC drillhole from surface to ‘end of hole’. Recorded data includes lithology, alteration, structure, texture, mineralisation, sulphide content, weathering and other features. Drillhole collar coordinates, azimuth, dip, depth and sampling intervals are also recorded. Qualitative logging includes classification and description of lithology, weathering, oxidation, colour, texture and grain size. Quantitative logging includes identification and percentages of mineralogy, sulphides, mineralisation, and veining. Photographs are available for a selection of recent KIN RC drillholes. |
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Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
All information collected is entered directly into laptop computers or tablets, validated in the field, and then transferred to the
database.
The level of logging detail is considered appropriate for exploration and to support appropriate mineral resource estimation,
mining studies, and metallurgical studies.
Rock Chips
All rock chip samples are inspected by the sampling geologist and logged for lithology, alteration, mineralisation, veining, and
structural fabric. This is a combination of qualitative and quantitative data.
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| Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary |
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary |
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary |
Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary |
|---|---|---|---|
| All information collected is entered directly into laptop computers or tablets, validated in the field, and then transferred to the database. The level of logging detail is considered appropriate for exploration and to support appropriate mineral resource estimation, mining studies, and metallurgical studies. Rock Chips All rock chip samples are inspected by the sampling geologist and logged for lithology, alteration, mineralisation, veining, and structural fabric. This is a combination of qualitative and quantitative data. |
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| Sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation |
If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken. If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc and whether sampled wet or dry. For all sample types, the nature, quality and appropriateness of the sample preparation technique. Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages to maximise representivity of samples. Measures taken to ensure that the sampling is representative of the in situ material collected, including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half sampling. Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being sampled. |
Diamond Historic diamond drill core (NQ/NQ3 or HQ/HQ3) samples collected for analysis were longitudinally cut in half, and occasionally in quarters for the larger (HQ/HQ3) diameter holes, using a powered diamond core drop saw centered over a cradle holding the core in place. Half core or quarter core sample intervals typically varied from 0.3m to 1.4m in length. 1m sample intervals were favoured and are the most common method of sampling, however sample boundaries do principally coincide with geological contacts. The remaining core was retained in core trays. 2017-18 diamond drill core samples collected for analysis were longitudinally cut in half, with some samples cut into quarters, using a powered diamond core drop saw blade centered over a cradle holding the core in place. Core sample intervals varied from 0.2 to 1.25m in length but were predominantly aligned to 1m intervals or with sample boundaries which respected geological contacts. The remaining core was retained in their respective core trays and stored in KIN’s yard for future reference. All KIN diamond drill core is securely stored at the KIN Leonora Yard. 2019 diamond drill core samples collected for analysis were longitudinally cut in half, with some samples cut into thirds, using an automated Corewise powered diamond core saw with the blade centered over a boat holding the core in place. Core sample intervals varied from 0.2 to 1.25m in length but were predominantly aligned to 1m intervals or with sample boundaries which respected geological contacts. The remaining core was retained in their respective core trays and stored in KIN’s yard for future reference. All KIN diamond drill core is securely stored at the Cardinia coreyard. All sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation procedures conducted and/or supervised by KIN geology personnel are to standard industry practice. Sub-sampling and sample preparation techniques used are considered to maximise representivity of drilled material. QA/QC procedures implemented during each drilling program are to industry standard practice. Samples sizes are considered appropriate for this style of gold mineralisation and as an industry accepted method for evaluation of gold deposits in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia. RC/AC/RAB Historic sampling was predominantly conducted by collecting 1m samples from beneath a cyclone and either retaining these primary samples or passing through a riffle splitter to obtain a 3-4kg sub-sample for analysis. First pass sampling often involved collecting composite samples by using a scoop (dry samples) or spear/tube (wet samples) to obtain 3m or 4m composited intervals, with the single metre split samples being retained at the drill site as spoil or in sample bags. If composite sample assays returned anomalous results, the single metre samples for this composite were retrieved and submitted for analysis. RC/AC/RAB sampling procedures are believed to be consistent with the normal industry practices at the time. Samples obtained from conventional RC drillingtechniques with cross-over subs often suffered from down hole contamination, |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| especially beneath the water table. Samples obtained from RC drilling techniques using the face sampling hammer suffered less from down hole contamination and were more likely to be kept dry beneath the water table, particularly if auxiliary and booster air compressors were used. These samples are considered to be representative. The vast majority of Reverse Circulation (RC) drill samples were collected at 1m downhole intervals from beneath a cyclone and then riffle split to obtain a sub-sample (typically 3-4kg). After splitting, 1m sub-samples were typically collected in pre- numbered calico bags, and the 1m sample rejects were commonly stored at the drill site in marked plastic bags, for future reference. First pass sampling often involved collecting composite samples by using a scoop (dry samples) or spear/tube (wet samples) to obtain 3m or 4m composited intervals, with the single metre split sub-samples being retained at the drill site. If the composite sample assays returned anomalous results, single metre sub-samples for the anomalous composite intervals were retrieved and submitted for analysis. Navigator included standards, fields duplicate splits (since 2009), and blanks within each drill sample batch, at a ratio of 1 for every 20 samples, with the number of standards being inserted at a ratio of 1 for every 50 samples. Recent RC sub-samples were collected over 1 metre downhole intervals and retained in pre-marked calico bags, after passing through a cyclone and either a riffle splitter, prior to March 2018, or cone splitter, after March 2018. The majority of RC sub- samples consistently averaged 3-4kg. Sample reject from the riffle splitter were retained and stored in plastic bags, and located near each drillhole site. When drilling beneath the water table, the majority of sample returns were kept dry by the use of the auxiliary and booster air compressors. Very few wet samples were collected through the splitter, and the small number of wet or damp samples is not considered material for resource estimation work. KIN RC drill programs utilise field duplicates, at regular intervals at a ratio of 1:25, and assay results indicate that there is reasonable analytical repeatability; considering the presence of nuggety gold. All sub-sampling techniques and sample preparation procedures conducted and/or supervised by KIN geology personnel are to standard industry practice. Sub-sampling and sample preparation techniques used are considered to maximise representivity of drilled material. QA/QC procedures implemented during each drilling program are to industry standard practice. Samples sizes are considered appropriate for this style of gold mineralisation and as an industry accepted method for evaluation of gold deposits in the Eastern Goldfields of Western Australia. No duplicates are taken for rock chip sampling. Sample sizes are approximately 3kg, this is considered appropriate for the material being sampled. |
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| Quality of assay data and laboratory tests |
The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory procedures used and whether the technique is considered partial or total. For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments, etc, the parameters used in determining the analysis including instrument make and |
Numerous assay laboratories and various sample preparation and assay techniques have been used since 1981. Historical reporting and descriptions of laboratory sample preparation, assaying procedures, and quality control protocols for the samples from the various drilling programs are variable in their descriptions and completeness. Assay data obtained prior to 2001 is incomplete and the nature of results could not be accurately quantified due to the combinations of various laboratories and analytical methodologies utilised. Since 1993, the majority of samples submitted to the various laboratories were typically prepared for analysis firstly by oven drying, crushing and pulverizing to a nominal 85% passing 75µm. In the initial exploration stages, Aqua Regia digest with AAS/ICP finish, was generally used as a first pass detection method, with follow upanalysis byFire Assayfusion and AAS/ICP finish. This was a commonpractice at the time. Mineralised intervals were |
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Criteria
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JORC Code explanation
model, reading times, calibrations factors applied and their derivation, etc.
Nature of quality control procedures adopted (eg standards, blanks, duplicates, external laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels of accuracy (ie lack of bias) and precision have been established.
Commentary
subsequently Fire Assayed (using 30, 40 or 50 gram catchweights) with AAS/ICP finish.
Approximately 15-20% of the sampled AC holes may have been subject to Aqua Regia digest methods only, however AC samples were predominantly within the oxide profile, where aqua regia results would not be significantly different to results from fire assay methods.
Limited information is available regarding check assays for drilling programs prior to 2004.
During 2004-2014, Navigator utilised six different commercial laboratories during their drilling programs, however Kalgoorlie Assay Laboratories conducted the majority of assaying for diamond, RC, and AC samples using Fire Assay fusion on 40 gram catchweights with AAS/ICP finish.
Since 2009 Navigator regularly included field duplicates and Certified Reference Material (CRM), standards and blanks, with their sample batch submissions to laboratories at average ratio of 1 in 20 samples. Sample assay repeatability and blank and CRM standard assay results were typically within acceptable limits.
KIN sample analysis from 2014 to 2018 was conducted by SGS Australia Pty Ltd’s (“SGS”) Kalgoorlie and Perth laboratories. Sample preparation included oven drying (105°C), crushing (<6mm), pulverising (P90% passing 75µm) and riffle split to obtain a 50 gram catchweight. Analysis for gold only was carried out by Fire Assay fusion technique with AAS finish (SGS Lab Code FAA505).
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KIN regularly insert blanks and CRM standards in each sample batch at a ratio of 1:50. This allows for at least one blank and one CRM standard to be included in each of the laboratory’s fire assay batch of 50 samples. Field duplicates are typically collected at a ratio of 1:50 samples and test sample assay repeatability. Blanks and CRM standards assay result performance is predominantly within acceptable limits for this style of gold mineralisation.
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KIN requests laboratory pulp grind and crush checks at a ratio of 1:50 or less since May 2018 in order to better qualify sample preparation and evaluate laboratory performance. Samples have generally illustrated appropriate crush and grind size percentages since the addition of this component to the sample analysis procedure.
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SGS include laboratory blanks and CRM standards as part of their internal QA/QC for sample preparation and analysis, as well as regular assay repeats. Sample pulp assay repeatability, and internal blank and CRM standards assay results are typically within acceptable limits.
From late 2018 samples have been analysed by Intertek Genalysis, with sample preparation either at their Kalgoorlie prep laboratory or the Perth Laboratory located in Maddington. . Sample preparation included oven drying (105°C), crushing (<6mm), pulverising (P90% passing 75µm) and split to obtain a 50 gram catchweight. Analysis for gold only was carried out by Fire Assay fusion technique with AAS finish.
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KIN regularly insert blanks and CRM standards in each sample batch at a ratio of 1:25. Kin accepts that this ratio of QAQC is industry standard. Field duplicates are typically collected at a ratio of 1:25 samples and test sample assay repeatability. Blanks and CRM standards assay result performance is predominantly within acceptable limits for this style of gold mineralisation.
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KIN requests laboratory pulp grind and crush checks at a ratio of 1:50 or less since May 2018 in order to better qualify sample preparation and evaluate laboratory performance. Samples have generally illustrated appropriate crush and grind size percentages since the addition of this component to the sample analysis procedure.
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Genalysis include laboratory blanks and CRM standards as part of their internal QA/QC for sample preparation and analysis,
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| as well as regular assay repeats. Sample pulp assay repeatability, and internal blank and CRM standards assay results are typically within acceptable limits. The nature and quality of the assaying and laboratory procedures used are considered to be satisfactory and appropriate for use in mineral resource estimations. Fire Assay fusion is considered to be a total extraction technique. The majority of assay data used for the mineral resource estimations were obtained by the Fire Assay technique with AAS or ICP finish. AAS and ICP methods of detection are both considered to be suitable and appropriate methods of detection for this style of mineralisation Aqua Regia is considered a partial extraction technique, where gold encapsulated in refractory sulphides or some silicate minerals may not be fully dissolved, resulting in partial reporting of gold content. No other analysis techniques have been used to determine gold assays. Ongoing QAQC monitoring program identified one particular CRM returning spurious results. Further analysis demonstrated that the standard was compromised and was subsequently removed and destroyed. A replacement CRM of similar grade was substituted into the QAQC program. KIN continues to both develop and reinforce best practice QAQC methods for all drilling operations and the treatment and analysis of samples. Regular laboratory site visits and audits have been introduced since April 2018 and will be conducted on a quarterly basis. This measure will ensure that all aspects of KIN QAQC practices are adhered to and align with industry best practice. All rock chip samples have been submitted to Intertek Genalysis (Perth) for analysis by 50g Fire assay, with multi-element analysis via a 4-acid digest for a 48-element suite. Sample preparation included oven drying (105°C), crushing (<6mm), pulverising (P90% passing 75µm). Blanks and standards are inserted by the lab at a minimum rate of 1 in 50. Lab repeats are performed for samples with particularly high gold values. Due to the nature and intended uses of this data, this QAQC procedure is intentionally less rigorous than that used for drilling samples. |
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| Verification of sampling and assaying |
The verification of significant intersections by either independent or alternative company personnel. The use of twinned holes. Documentation of primary data, data entry procedures, data verification, data storage (physical and electronic) protocols. Discuss any adjustment to assay data. |
Verification of sampling, assay techniques, and results prior to 2004 is limited due to the legacy of the involvement of various companies, personnel, drilling equipment, sampling protocols and analytical techniques at different laboratories. During 2009, a selection of significant intersections had been verified by Navigator’s company geologists and an independent consultant McDonald Speijers (“MS”). MS were able to validate 92% of the assay records in 50 randomly selected check holes, and only 6 assay discrepancies were detected (< 0.2%), only 2 of those were considered significant. MS concluded that the very small proportion of discrepancies indicated that the assay database was probably reliable at that time. In 2009, Runge Ltd (“Runge”) completed a mineral resource estimate report for the Cardinia Project area, including the Helens, Rangoon, Kyte and Bruno_Lewis deposits. Runge’s database verification included basic visual validation in Surpac and field verification of drillhole positions in February 2009. Runge did not report any significant issues with the database. Since 2014, significant drill intersections have been verified by KIN company geologists during the course of the drilling programs. During 2017, Carras Mining Pty Ltd ("CM") carried out an independent data verification. 38,098 assay records for KIN 2014-2017 drilling programs were verified by comparing laboratory assay reports against the database. 6 errors were found, which are not considered material and which represented only 0.03% of all database records verified for KIN 2014-2017 drilling programs |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| No adjustments, averaging or calibrations are made to any of the assay data recorded in the database. QA/QC protocol is considered industry standard with standard reference material submitted on a routine basis. Recent (2014-2018) RC and diamond drilling by KIN included twinning of some historical holes within the Helens and Rangoon resource areas. There is no significant material difference between historical drilling information and KIN drilling information. Areas without twinned holes illustrate a drill density that is considered sufficient to enable comparison with surrounding historic information. No material difference of a negative nature exists between historical drilling information and KIN drilling information. KIN diamond holes drilled for metallurgical and geotechnical test work illustrate assay results with adequate correlation to both nearby historical and recent drilling results. No adjustment or calibration has been made to assay data. |
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| Location of data points | Accuracy and quality of surveys used to locate drill holes (collar and down-hole surveys), trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation. Specification of the grid system used. Quality and adequacy of topographic control. |
Several local grids were established and used by previous project owners. During the 1990s, SOG transformed the surface survey data firstly to AMG and subsequently to MGA (GDA94 zone51). Navigator recognised errors in the collar co-ordinates resulting from transformations and as a result, a significant number of holes were resurveyed and a new MGA grid transformation generated. Historical collars have been validated against the original local grid co-ordinates and independently transformed to MGA co-ordinates and checked against the database. Navigator’s MGA co- ordinates were checked against the surveyor’s reports. Drilling was carried out using these various local grids. Since 2004, All Navigators drill hole collars were surveyed on completion of drilling in the Australian MGA94, Zone51 grid using RTK-DGPS equipment by licensed surveyors, with more than 80% of the pickups carried out by independent contractors. Almost all the diamond and at least 70% of Navigator RC holes were downhole surveyed. Pre-Navigator, single shot survey cameras were used, with typical survey intervals of 30-40 metres. Recent KIN drill hole collars are located and recorded in the field by a contract surveyor using RTK-DGPS (with a horizontal and vertical accuracy of ±50mm). Location data was collected in the GDA94 Zone51 grid coordinate system. Downhole surveying was predominantly carried out by the drilling contractor which, prior to late 2018, was Orbit Drilling Pty Ltd. This was conducted using a downhole electronic single shot magnetic tool. (Relfex EZ-shot), which is industry standard practice. This is considered sufficiently accurate except where significant magnetic interference is encountered. The magnetic field is recorded on every survey and flagged when likely to interfere with the reading. These surveys are downgraded in the database.In addition, if the downhole survey tool is located within 15 metres of the surface, there is risk of influence from the drill rig affecting the azimuth readings. This was observed for the survey readings, which include total magnetic intensity (TMI) measurements, where TMI is spurious for readings taken at downhole depths less than 20 metres. These spurious readings are included in the database, but are not used. Downhole surveying in 2019 has been conducted by the drilling contractors (Topdrill Pty Ltd and Swick Mining Services Pty Ltd) utilizing downhole electronic gyroscopic survey tools. These are considered very accurate and not susceptible to magnetic interference. No further surveying required to check drill hole deviation. A small selection of drillhole collars,which do not have DGPS collar surveys,werepicked upwith a handheld GPS and individually |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| appraised in regards to their location prior to modelling; the position of these collars is deemed appropriate for the resource estimation work. Considering the history of grid transformations and surviving documentation, there might be some residual risk of error in the MGA co-ordinates for old drillholes, however this is not considered to be material for the resource estimation. Azimuth data was historically recorded relative to magnetic north. Much of the historical drilling data was recorded relative to magnetic north. Variation in magnetic declination for the Cardinia Project area is calculated at +0.823° East (1985) to +1.301° East (2017), with a maximum variation of +1.575° in 2005. The difference between true north and magnetic north, and the annual variation in magnetic declination since 1985 is not significant, therefore magnetic north measurements have been used, where true north data is unavailable, for all survey data used in resource estimation processes. The accuracy of drill hole collars and downhole data are located with sufficient accuracy for use in resource estimation work. For rock chip samples, locations are recorded at the time of sampling using a handheld GPS in the GDA94 Zone51 grid coordinate system. |
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| Data spacing and distribution | Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results. Whether the data spacing and distribution is sufficient to establish the degree of geological and grade continuity appropriate for the Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve estimation procedure(s) and classifications applied. Whether sample compositing has been applied. |
Drill hole spacing patterns vary considerably throughout the Cardinia Gold Project area and are deposit specific, depending on the nature and style of mineralisation being tested. Drill hole spacing within the resource areas is sufficient to establish an acceptable degree of geological and grade continuity and is appropriate for both the mineral resource estimation and the resource classifications applied. |
| Orientation of data in relation to geological structure |
Whether the orientation of sampling achieves unbiased sampling of possible structures and the extent to which this is known, considering the deposit type. If the relationship between the drilling orientation and the orientation of key mineralised structures is considered to have introduced a sampling bias, this should be assessed and reported if material. |
The Cardinia greenstone sequence displays a NNW to NW trend. Drilling and sampling programs were carried out to obtain unbiased locations of drill sample data, generally orthogonal to the strike of mineralisation. At Helens mineralisation is structurally controlled in sub-vertical shear zones, with supergene components of varying lateral extensiveness present in the oxide profile. The vast majority of historical drilling, pre-Navigator (pre-2004), and KIN drilling is orientated at -60°/245° (WSW) and -60°/065° (ENE). At Bruno-Lewis and Kyte, mineralisaton is either stratigraphy parallel (trending NNW, steep to moderately W-dipping) or cross- cutting and dipping shallowly to the NE (striking NW). The vast majority of the drilling is therefore predominantly orientated at - 60°/225-250° or -60°/090°. Grade Control drillholes were drilled vertically. Since late 2018, Kin’s drilling has been largely oriented to 070° to target contact lodes and 225-250° to target the NE-dipping potassic lodes. The chance of sample bias introduced by sample orientation is considered minimal. No orientation sampling bias has been identified in data thus far. |
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| Sample security | The measures taken to ensure sample security. |
No sample security details are available for pre-Navigator (pre-2004) drill or field samples. Navigator drill samples (2004-2014) were collected in pre-numbered calico bags at the drill rig site. Samples were then collected by company personnel from the field and transported to the secure Navigator yard in Leonora. Samples were then batch processed (drillhole and sample numbers logged into the database) and then packed into ‘bulkabag sacks’. The bulkabags were tied off and stored securely in the Navigator yard until being transported to the selected laboratory. There was no perceived opportunity for the samples to be compromised from collection of samples at the drill site to delivery to the laboratory. 2017 -18 KIN RC drill samples were collected in pre-numbered calico bags at the drill rig site. The samples were then batch processed (drillhole and sample numbers encoded onto a hardcopy sample register) in the field, and then transported and stacked into ‘bulkabag sacks’ at the secure KIN yard location in Leonora. Bulkabags were tied off and stored securely in the yard until being transported to the laboratory. 2019 RC drill samples were collected in pre-numbered calico bags at the drill rig site. The samples were then batch processed (drillhole and sample numbers encoded onto a hardcopy sample register) in the field, and then transported and stacked into ‘bulkabag sacks’ at the Cardinia office. 2017-18 KIN DD samples were obtained by KIN personnel in pre-numbered calico bags at the KIN yard location in Leonora. Samples were then stacked into ‘bulkabag sacks’ at the yard location and stored securely until being transported to the laboratory. 2019 samples were obtained by KIN personnel in pre-numbered calico bags at the core yard located at the Cardinia office. Samples were then stacked into ‘bulkabag sacks’ at the yard location and stored securely until being transported to the laboratory. Transport contractors are utilised to transport samples to the laboratory. No perceived opportunity for samples to be compromised from collection of samples at the drill site, to delivery to the laboratory, where they were stored in their secure compound, and made ready for processing is deemed likely to have occurred. On receipt of the samples, the laboratory independently checked the sample submission form to verify samples received and readied the samples for sample preparation. SGS and Genalysis sample security protocols are of industry standard and deemed acceptable for resource estimation work. |
| Audits or reviews | The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data. |
Historic drilling and sampling methods and QA/QC are regarded as not being as thoroughly documented compared to current standards. Inhouse reviews of various available historical company reports of drilling and sampling techniques indicates that these were most likely conducted to industry best practice and standards of the day. Independent geological consultants Runge Ltd completed a review of the Cardinia Project database, drilling and sampling protocols, and so forth in 2009. The Runge report highlighted issues with bulk density and QA/QC analysis within the supplied database. Identified issues were subsequently addressed by Navigator and KIN. Carras Mining Pty Ltd (CM), an independent geological consultant, reviewed and carried out an audit on the field operations and database in 2017. Drilling and sampling methodologies observed during the site visits were to industry standard. No issues were identified for the supplied databases which could be considered material to a mineral resource estimation. During the review, Carras Mining logged the oxidation profiles (base of complete oxidation and top of fresh rock) for each of the deposit areas, based on visual inspection of selected RC drill chips from KIN’s recent drilling programs, and a combination of historical and KIN drillhole logging. Final adjustments were made with input from KINgeologists. The oxidationprofiles were used to assign bulk densities |
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Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
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and metallurgical recoveries to the 2017 resource models. Past bulk density test work has been inconsistent with incorrect methods employed, to derive specific gravity or in-situ bulk density, rather than dry bulk density. Navigator (2009) and recent KIN (2017) bulk density test work was carried out using the water immersion method on oven dried, coated samples to derive dry bulk densities for different rock types and oxidation profiles. This information has been incorporated into the database for resource estimation work. CM conducted site visits during 2017 to the laboratory to validate the methodology. Drilling, sampling methodologies, and assay techniques used in these drilling programs are considered to be appropriate and to mineral exploration industry standards of the day. Laboratory site visits and audits were introduced in April 2018 and are conducted on a quarterly basis. This measure ensures that all aspects of KIN QAQC practices are adhered to and align with industry best practice.
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section.)
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Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Mineral tenement and land Type, reference name/number, location and ownership The Cardinia Project, 35-40km NE of Leonora is managed, explored and maintained by KIN, and constitute
tenure status including agreements or material issues with third parties such a portion of KIN’s Leonora Gold Project (LGP), which is located within the Shire of Leonora in the Mt
as joint ventures, partnerships, overriding royalties, native title Margaret Mineral Field of the North Eastern Goldfields.
interests, historical sites, wilderness or national park and The Helens and Rangoon area includes granted mining tenements M37/316 and M37/317, The tenements
environmental settings. are held in the name of Navigator Mining Pty Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of KIN.
The Bruno-Lewis and Kyte areas includes granted mining tenements M37/86, M37/227, M37/277,
The security of the tenure held at the time of reporting along
M37/300, M37/428 and M37/646. The tenements are held in the name of Navigator Mining Pty Ltd, a
with any known impediments to obtaining a licence to operate wholly owned subsidiary of KIN. The following royalty payment may be applicable to the areas within the
in the area. Cardinia Project’s Bruno and Lewis areas that comprise the deposits being reported on:
1. Gloucester Coal Ltd (formerly CIM Resources Ltd and Centenary International Mining Ltd) in respect
of M37/86 - 1% of the quarterly gross value of sales for gold ounces produced, in excess of 10,000
ounces.
There are no known native title interests, historical sites, wilderness areas, national park or environmental
impediments over the outlined current resource areas, and there are no current impediments to obtaining
a licence to operate in the area.
Exploration done by other Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties. At Cardinia, from 1980-1985, Townson Holdings Pty Ltd (“Townson”) mined a small open pit over selected
parties historical workings at the Rangoon prospect. Localised instances of drilling relating to this mining event are
not recorded and are considered insubstantial and immaterial for resource modelling.. Companies
involved in the collection of the majority of the gold exploration data since 1985 and prior to 2014 include:
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Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
Thames Mining NL (“Thames”) 1985; Mt Eden Gold Mines (Aust) NL (also Tarmoola Aust Pty Ltd “MEGM”)
1986-2003; Centenary International Mining Ltd (“CIM”) 1986-1988, 1991-1992; Metana Minerals NL
(“Metana”) 1986-1989; Sons of Gwalia Ltd (“SOG”) 1989, 1992-2004; Pacmin Mining Corporation
(“Pacmin”) 1998-2001, and Navigator Resources Ltd (“Navigator”) 2004-2014.
In 2009 Navigator commissioned Runge Limited (“Runge”) to complete a Mineral Resource estimate for
the Bruno, Lewis, Kyte, Helens and Rangoon deposits. Runge reported a JORC 2004 compliant Mineral
Resource estimate, at a cut-off grade of 0.7g/t Au, totaling 1.45Mt @ 1.3 g/t au (61,700 oz Au) for Helens
and Rangoon, and totaling 4.34Mt @ 1.2 g/t au (169,700 oz Au) for Bruno, Lewis and Kyte.
A trial pit (Bruno) was mined by Navigator in 2010, and a ‘test parcel’ of ore was extracted and transported
firstly to Sons of Gwalia’s processing plant in Leonora, and finally to Navigator’s processing plant located at
Bronzewing, where approximately 100,000 tonnes were processed at an average head grade of 2.33 g/t au
(7,493 oz Au).
Geology Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation. The Cardinia Project area is located in the central part of the Norseman-Wiluna Greenstone Belt, which
extends for some 600km on a NNW trend across the Archean Yilgarn Craton of Western Australia.
The regional geology comprises a suite of NNE-North trending greenstones positioned within the
Mertondale Shear Zone (MSZ) a splay limb of the Kilkenny Lineament. The MSZ denotes the contact
between Archaean felsic volcanoclastics and sediment sequences in the west and Archaean mafic volcanics
in the east. Proterozoic dolerite dykes and Archaean felsic porphyries have intruded the sheared
mafic/felsic volcanoclastic/sedimentary sequence.
Locally within the Cardinia Project area, the stratigraphy consists of intermediate, mafic and felsic volcanic
and intrusive lithologies and locally derived epiclastic sediments, which strike NNW, dipping steep-to-
moderately to the west. Structural foliation of the areas stratigraphy predominantly dips steeply to the
east but localised inflections are common and structural orientation can vary between moderately (50-75°)
easterly to moderately westerly dipping.
Mineralisation at Helens is controlled by a cross-cutting fault, hosted predominantly in mafic rock units,
adjacent to the felsic volcanic/sediment contacts. The ore zones are associated with increased shearing,
intense alteration and disseminated sulphides. Minor supergene enrichment occurs locally within
mineralised shears throughout the regolith profile.
Mineralisation at Bruno-Lewis is largely controlled by the stratigraphic contact between basalt and felsic
volcanics. Gold is associated with significant sulphide mineralisation in the sediments and volcaniclastics
between the 2 volcanic units. Gold Is also hosted within shallowly NE-dipping lodes, associated with
increased potassic-sericite alteration and quartz stockwork veining. These lodes also host the
mineralisation at Kyte. Substantial supergene mineralisation sits above both styles of mineralisation.
Drill hole Information A summary of all information material to the understanding of Material drilling information for exploration results has previously been publicly reported in numerous
the exploration results including a tabulation of the following announcements to the ASX by Navigator (2004-2014) and KIN since 2014.
information for all Material drill holes:
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Criteria JORC Code explanation Commentary
easting and northing of the drill hole collar
elevation or RL (Reduced Level – elevation above sea level
in metres) of the drill hole collar
dip and azimuth of the hole
down hole length and interception depth
hole length.
If the exclusion of this information is justified on the basis that
the information is not Material and this exclusion does not
detract from the understanding of the report, the Competent
Person should clearly explain why this is the case.
Data aggregation methods In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging When exploration results have been reported for the resource areas, the intercepts are reported as
techniques, maximum and/or minimum grade truncations (eg weighted average grades over intercept lengths defined by geology or lower cut-off grades, without high
cutting of high grades) and cut-off grades are usually Material grade cuts applied. Where aggregate intercepts incorporated short lengths of high grade results, these
and should be stated. results were included in the reports.
Since 2014, KIN have reported RC drilling intersections with low cut off grades of >= 0.5 g/t Au and a
Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short lengths of high maximum of 2m of internal dilution at a grade of <0.5g/t Au.
grade results and longer lengths of low grade results, the
There is no reporting of metal equivalent values.
procedure used for such aggregation should be stated and
some typical examples of such aggregations should be shown
in detail.
The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent
values should be clearly stated.
Relationship between These relationships are particularly important in the reporting The orientation, true width, and geometry of mineralised zones have been primarily determined by
mineralisation widths and of Exploration Results. interpretation of historical drilling and continued investigation and verification of KIN drilling.
intercept lengths Drill intercepts are reported as downhole widths not true widths.
If the geometry of the mineralisation with respect to the drill
Accompanying dialogue to reported intersections normally describes the attitude of mineralisation.
hole angle is known, its nature should be reported.
If it is not known and only the down hole lengths are reported,
there should be a clear statement to this effect (eg ‘down hole
length, true width not known’).
Diagrams Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of Appropriate maps and sections are included in the main body of this report.
intercepts should be included for any significant discovery
being reported These should include, but not be limited to a
plan view of drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional
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| Criteria | JORC Code explanation | Commentary |
|---|---|---|
| views. | ||
| Balanced reporting | Where comprehensive reporting of all Exploration Results is not practicable, representative reporting of both low and high grades and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading reporting of Exploration Results. |
Public reporting of exploration results by KIN and past tenement holders and explorers for the resource areas are considered balanced. Representative widths typically included a combination of both low and high grade assay results. All meaningful and material information relating to this mineral resource estimate is or has been previously reported. |
| Other substantive exploration data |
Other exploration data, if meaningful and material, should be reported including (but not limited to): geological observations; geophysical survey results; geochemical survey results; bulk samples – size and method of treatment; metallurgical test results; bulk density, groundwater, geotechnical and rock characteristics; potential deleterious or contaminating substances. |
Since 2018, a campaign of determining Bulk Densities has been undertaken. The water displacement method is used on drill samples selected by the logging geologist. These measurements are entered into the logging software interface and loaded to the Datashed database. |
| Further work | The nature and scale of planned further work (eg tests for lateral extensions or depth extensions or large-scale step-out drilling). Diagrams clearly highlighting the areas of possible extensions, including the main geological interpretations and future drilling areas, provided this information is not commercially sensitive. |
KIN intend to continue exploration and drilling activities at in the described area, with the intention to increase the project’s resources. |
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